[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163944},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method":3,"nav-reference":2130},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2123,"extension":2124,"meta":2125,"navigation":428,"path":2126,"seo":2127,"stem":2128,"__hash__":2129},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2083},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,45,135,141,149,154,173,179,183,209,228,231,300,303,339,356,360,363,474,476,556,562,566,576,581,587,643,645,670,674,677,730,732,756,760,763,817,819,843,847,853,926,928,969,977,985,988,994,1002,1007,1015,1017,1123,1125,1194,1201,1208,1212,1217,1223,1226,1301,1303,1334,1341,1344,1372,1375,1398,1402,1405,1427,1430,1454,1456,1516,1518,1550,1557,1562,1615,1617,1642,1645,1697,1699,1720,1724,1729,1732,1788,1790,1818,1827,1831,1837,1917,1920,1934,1940,1945,1948,1962,1976,1983,1987,1994,1999,2003,2006,2013,2019,2028,2036,2040,2079],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-list-insert-method","Python List ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"insert()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"list.insert()"," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,27,28],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,30,31,32,34,35,44],{},"Use ",[15,33,17],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[36,37,39,40,43],"a",{"href":38},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F","Python list ",[15,41,42],{},"append()"," method",".",[46,47,52],"pre",{"className":48,"code":49,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n","python","",[15,53,54,89,115,128],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56,59,63,67,71,75,78,81,83,86],"span",{"class":57,"line":58},"line",1,[55,60,62],{"class":61},"su5hD","numbers ",[55,64,66],{"class":65},"smGrS","=",[55,68,70],{"class":69},"sP7_E"," [",[55,72,74],{"class":73},"srdBf","1",[55,76,77],{"class":69},",",[55,79,80],{"class":73}," 2",[55,82,77],{"class":69},[55,84,85],{"class":73}," 4",[55,87,88],{"class":69},"]\n",[55,90,92,95,97,101,104,107,109,112],{"class":57,"line":91},2,[55,93,94],{"class":61},"numbers",[55,96,44],{"class":69},[55,98,100],{"class":99},"slqww","insert",[55,102,103],{"class":69},"(",[55,105,106],{"class":73},"2",[55,108,77],{"class":69},[55,110,111],{"class":73}," 3",[55,113,114],{"class":69},")\n",[55,116,118,122,124,126],{"class":57,"line":117},3,[55,119,121],{"class":120},"sptTA","print",[55,123,103],{"class":69},[55,125,94],{"class":99},[55,127,114],{"class":69},[55,129,131],{"class":57,"line":130},4,[55,132,134],{"class":133},"sutJx","# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,136,31,137,140],{},[15,138,139],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[142,143,145,146,148],"h2",{"id":144},"what-listinsert-does","What ",[15,147,24],{}," does",[20,150,151,153],{},[15,152,24],{},":",[155,156,157,161,164,167],"ul",{},[158,159,160],"li",{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[158,162,163],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[158,165,166],{},"Changes the original list in place",[158,168,169,170],{},"Returns ",[15,171,172],{},"None",[20,174,175,176,178],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,177,17],{}," does not create a new list.",[142,180,182],{"id":181},"syntax","Syntax",[46,184,186],{"className":48,"code":185,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,187,188],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,189,190,193,195,197,199,202,204,207],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,191,192],{"class":61},"my_list",[55,194,44],{"class":69},[55,196,100],{"class":99},[55,198,103],{"class":69},[55,200,201],{"class":99},"index",[55,203,77],{"class":69},[55,205,206],{"class":99}," item",[55,208,114],{"class":69},[155,210,211,216,222],{},[158,212,213,215],{},[15,214,201],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[158,217,218,221],{},[15,219,220],{},"item"," is the value to add",[158,223,224,225],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,226,227],{},"0",[20,229,230],{},"Example:",[46,232,234],{"className":48,"code":233,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,235,236,266,290],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,237,238,241,243,245,249,252,254,256,259,262,264],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,239,240],{"class":61},"letters ",[55,242,66],{"class":65},[55,244,70],{"class":69},[55,246,248],{"class":247},"sjJ54","\"",[55,250,36],{"class":251},"s_sjI",[55,253,248],{"class":247},[55,255,77],{"class":69},[55,257,258],{"class":247}," \"",[55,260,261],{"class":251},"c",[55,263,248],{"class":247},[55,265,88],{"class":69},[55,267,268,271,273,275,277,279,281,283,286,288],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,269,270],{"class":61},"letters",[55,272,44],{"class":69},[55,274,100],{"class":99},[55,276,103],{"class":69},[55,278,74],{"class":73},[55,280,77],{"class":69},[55,282,258],{"class":247},[55,284,285],{"class":251},"b",[55,287,248],{"class":247},[55,289,114],{"class":69},[55,291,292,294,296,298],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,293,121],{"class":120},[55,295,103],{"class":69},[55,297,270],{"class":99},[55,299,114],{"class":69},[20,301,302],{},"Output:",[46,304,306],{"className":48,"code":305,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,307,308],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,309,310,313,316,318,320,322,325,327,329,331,333,335,337],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,311,312],{"class":69},"[",[55,314,315],{"class":247},"'",[55,317,36],{"class":251},[55,319,315],{"class":247},[55,321,77],{"class":69},[55,323,324],{"class":247}," '",[55,326,285],{"class":251},[55,328,315],{"class":247},[55,330,77],{"class":69},[55,332,324],{"class":247},[55,334,261],{"class":251},[55,336,315],{"class":247},[55,338,88],{"class":69},[20,340,341,342,345,346,348,349,352,353,44],{},"Here, ",[15,343,344],{},"\"b\""," is inserted at index ",[15,347,74],{},", so it appears between ",[15,350,351],{},"\"a\""," and ",[15,354,355],{},"\"c\"",[142,357,359],{"id":358},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,361,362],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[46,364,366],{"className":48,"code":365,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,367,368,404,424,430,454],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,369,370,373,375,377,379,382,384,386,388,391,393,395,397,400,402],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,371,372],{"class":61},"colors ",[55,374,66],{"class":65},[55,376,70],{"class":69},[55,378,248],{"class":247},[55,380,381],{"class":251},"red",[55,383,248],{"class":247},[55,385,77],{"class":69},[55,387,258],{"class":247},[55,389,390],{"class":251},"blue",[55,392,248],{"class":247},[55,394,77],{"class":69},[55,396,258],{"class":247},[55,398,399],{"class":251},"green",[55,401,248],{"class":247},[55,403,88],{"class":69},[55,405,406,408,410,412,415,417,419,422],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,407,121],{"class":120},[55,409,103],{"class":69},[55,411,248],{"class":247},[55,413,414],{"class":251},"Before:",[55,416,248],{"class":247},[55,418,77],{"class":69},[55,420,421],{"class":99}," colors",[55,423,114],{"class":69},[55,425,426],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,427,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},true,"\n",[55,431,432,435,437,439,441,443,445,447,450,452],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,433,434],{"class":61},"colors",[55,436,44],{"class":69},[55,438,100],{"class":99},[55,440,103],{"class":69},[55,442,74],{"class":73},[55,444,77],{"class":69},[55,446,258],{"class":247},[55,448,449],{"class":251},"yellow",[55,451,248],{"class":247},[55,453,114],{"class":69},[55,455,457,459,461,463,466,468,470,472],{"class":57,"line":456},5,[55,458,121],{"class":120},[55,460,103],{"class":69},[55,462,248],{"class":247},[55,464,465],{"class":251},"After: ",[55,467,248],{"class":247},[55,469,77],{"class":69},[55,471,421],{"class":99},[55,473,114],{"class":69},[20,475,302],{},[46,477,479],{"className":48,"code":478,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,480,481,514],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,482,483,486,488,490,492,494,496,498,500,502,504,506,508,510,512],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,484,485],{"class":61},"Before",[55,487,153],{"class":69},[55,489,70],{"class":69},[55,491,315],{"class":247},[55,493,381],{"class":251},[55,495,315],{"class":247},[55,497,77],{"class":69},[55,499,324],{"class":247},[55,501,390],{"class":251},[55,503,315],{"class":247},[55,505,77],{"class":69},[55,507,324],{"class":247},[55,509,399],{"class":251},[55,511,315],{"class":247},[55,513,88],{"class":69},[55,515,516,519,521,524,526,528,530,532,534,536,538,540,542,544,546,548,550,552,554],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,517,518],{"class":61},"After",[55,520,153],{"class":69},[55,522,523],{"class":69},"  [",[55,525,315],{"class":247},[55,527,381],{"class":251},[55,529,315],{"class":247},[55,531,77],{"class":69},[55,533,324],{"class":247},[55,535,449],{"class":251},[55,537,315],{"class":247},[55,539,77],{"class":69},[55,541,324],{"class":247},[55,543,390],{"class":251},[55,545,315],{"class":247},[55,547,77],{"class":69},[55,549,324],{"class":247},[55,551,399],{"class":251},[55,553,315],{"class":247},[55,555,88],{"class":69},[20,557,558,559,561],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,560,74],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[142,563,565],{"id":564},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,567,568,569,571,572,575],{},"The ",[15,570,201],{}," in ",[15,573,574],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[577,578,580],"h3",{"id":579},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,582,583,584,586],{},"Use index ",[15,585,227],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[46,588,590],{"className":48,"code":589,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,591,592,613,633],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,593,594,597,599,601,603,605,607,609,611],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,595,596],{"class":61},"nums ",[55,598,66],{"class":65},[55,600,70],{"class":69},[55,602,106],{"class":73},[55,604,77],{"class":69},[55,606,111],{"class":73},[55,608,77],{"class":69},[55,610,85],{"class":73},[55,612,88],{"class":69},[55,614,615,618,620,622,624,626,628,631],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,616,617],{"class":61},"nums",[55,619,44],{"class":69},[55,621,100],{"class":99},[55,623,103],{"class":69},[55,625,227],{"class":73},[55,627,77],{"class":69},[55,629,630],{"class":73}," 1",[55,632,114],{"class":69},[55,634,635,637,639,641],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,636,121],{"class":120},[55,638,103],{"class":69},[55,640,617],{"class":99},[55,642,114],{"class":69},[20,644,302],{},[46,646,648],{"className":48,"code":647,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,649,650],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,651,652,654,656,658,660,662,664,666,668],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,653,312],{"class":69},[55,655,74],{"class":73},[55,657,77],{"class":69},[55,659,80],{"class":73},[55,661,77],{"class":69},[55,663,111],{"class":73},[55,665,77],{"class":69},[55,667,85],{"class":73},[55,669,88],{"class":69},[577,671,673],{"id":672},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,675,676],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[46,678,680],{"className":48,"code":679,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,681,682,702,720],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,683,684,686,688,690,692,694,696,698,700],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,685,596],{"class":61},[55,687,66],{"class":65},[55,689,70],{"class":69},[55,691,74],{"class":73},[55,693,77],{"class":69},[55,695,80],{"class":73},[55,697,77],{"class":69},[55,699,85],{"class":73},[55,701,88],{"class":69},[55,703,704,706,708,710,712,714,716,718],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,705,617],{"class":61},[55,707,44],{"class":69},[55,709,100],{"class":99},[55,711,103],{"class":69},[55,713,106],{"class":73},[55,715,77],{"class":69},[55,717,111],{"class":73},[55,719,114],{"class":69},[55,721,722,724,726,728],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,723,121],{"class":120},[55,725,103],{"class":69},[55,727,617],{"class":99},[55,729,114],{"class":69},[20,731,302],{},[46,733,734],{"className":48,"code":647,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,735,736],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,737,738,740,742,744,746,748,750,752,754],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,739,312],{"class":69},[55,741,74],{"class":73},[55,743,77],{"class":69},[55,745,80],{"class":73},[55,747,77],{"class":69},[55,749,111],{"class":73},[55,751,77],{"class":69},[55,753,85],{"class":73},[55,755,88],{"class":69},[577,757,759],{"id":758},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,761,762],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[46,764,766],{"className":48,"code":765,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,767,768,788,807],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,769,770,772,774,776,778,780,782,784,786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,771,596],{"class":61},[55,773,66],{"class":65},[55,775,70],{"class":69},[55,777,74],{"class":73},[55,779,77],{"class":69},[55,781,80],{"class":73},[55,783,77],{"class":69},[55,785,111],{"class":73},[55,787,88],{"class":69},[55,789,790,792,794,796,798,801,803,805],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,791,617],{"class":61},[55,793,44],{"class":69},[55,795,100],{"class":99},[55,797,103],{"class":69},[55,799,800],{"class":73},"10",[55,802,77],{"class":69},[55,804,85],{"class":73},[55,806,114],{"class":69},[55,808,809,811,813,815],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,810,121],{"class":120},[55,812,103],{"class":69},[55,814,617],{"class":99},[55,816,114],{"class":69},[20,818,302],{},[46,820,821],{"className":48,"code":647,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,822,823],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,824,825,827,829,831,833,835,837,839,841],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,826,312],{"class":69},[55,828,74],{"class":73},[55,830,77],{"class":69},[55,832,80],{"class":73},[55,834,77],{"class":69},[55,836,111],{"class":73},[55,838,77],{"class":69},[55,840,85],{"class":73},[55,842,88],{"class":69},[577,844,846],{"id":845},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,848,849,850,852],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,851,17],{}," places the item before that position.",[46,854,856],{"className":48,"code":855,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,857,858,891,916],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,859,860,862,864,866,868,870,872,874,876,878,880,882,884,887,889],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,861,240],{"class":61},[55,863,66],{"class":65},[55,865,70],{"class":69},[55,867,248],{"class":247},[55,869,36],{"class":251},[55,871,248],{"class":247},[55,873,77],{"class":69},[55,875,258],{"class":247},[55,877,285],{"class":251},[55,879,248],{"class":247},[55,881,77],{"class":69},[55,883,258],{"class":247},[55,885,886],{"class":251},"d",[55,888,248],{"class":247},[55,890,88],{"class":69},[55,892,893,895,897,899,901,904,906,908,910,912,914],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,894,270],{"class":61},[55,896,44],{"class":69},[55,898,100],{"class":99},[55,900,103],{"class":69},[55,902,903],{"class":65},"-",[55,905,74],{"class":73},[55,907,77],{"class":69},[55,909,258],{"class":247},[55,911,261],{"class":251},[55,913,248],{"class":247},[55,915,114],{"class":69},[55,917,918,920,922,924],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,919,121],{"class":120},[55,921,103],{"class":69},[55,923,270],{"class":99},[55,925,114],{"class":69},[20,927,302],{},[46,929,931],{"className":48,"code":930,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,932,933],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,934,935,937,939,941,943,945,947,949,951,953,955,957,959,961,963,965,967],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,936,312],{"class":69},[55,938,315],{"class":247},[55,940,36],{"class":251},[55,942,315],{"class":247},[55,944,77],{"class":69},[55,946,324],{"class":247},[55,948,285],{"class":251},[55,950,315],{"class":247},[55,952,77],{"class":69},[55,954,324],{"class":247},[55,956,261],{"class":251},[55,958,315],{"class":247},[55,960,77],{"class":69},[55,962,324],{"class":247},[55,964,886],{"class":251},[55,966,315],{"class":247},[55,968,88],{"class":69},[20,970,971,972,976],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[36,973,975],{"href":974},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists beginner guide"," can help.",[142,978,980,982,983],{"id":979},"insert-vs-append",[15,981,17],{}," vs ",[15,984,42],{},[20,986,987],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[577,989,31,991,993],{"id":990},"use-insert-when",[15,992,17],{}," when:",[155,995,996,999],{},[158,997,998],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[158,1000,1001],{},"The order of the list matters",[577,1003,31,1005,993],{"id":1004},"use-append-when",[15,1006,42],{},[155,1008,1009,1012],{},[158,1010,1011],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[158,1013,1014],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,1016,230],{},[46,1018,1020],{"className":48,"code":1019,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,1021,1022,1049,1053,1077,1087,1091,1112],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1023,1024,1027,1029,1031,1033,1036,1038,1040,1042,1045,1047],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1025,1026],{"class":61},"items ",[55,1028,66],{"class":65},[55,1030,70],{"class":69},[55,1032,248],{"class":247},[55,1034,1035],{"class":251},"apple",[55,1037,248],{"class":247},[55,1039,77],{"class":69},[55,1041,258],{"class":247},[55,1043,1044],{"class":251},"orange",[55,1046,248],{"class":247},[55,1048,88],{"class":69},[55,1050,1051],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,1052,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,1054,1055,1058,1060,1062,1064,1066,1068,1070,1073,1075],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,1056,1057],{"class":61},"items",[55,1059,44],{"class":69},[55,1061,100],{"class":99},[55,1063,103],{"class":69},[55,1065,74],{"class":73},[55,1067,77],{"class":69},[55,1069,258],{"class":247},[55,1071,1072],{"class":251},"banana",[55,1074,248],{"class":247},[55,1076,114],{"class":69},[55,1078,1079,1081,1083,1085],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,1080,121],{"class":120},[55,1082,103],{"class":69},[55,1084,1057],{"class":99},[55,1086,114],{"class":69},[55,1088,1089],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,1090,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,1092,1094,1096,1098,1101,1103,1105,1108,1110],{"class":57,"line":1093},6,[55,1095,1057],{"class":61},[55,1097,44],{"class":69},[55,1099,1100],{"class":99},"append",[55,1102,103],{"class":69},[55,1104,248],{"class":247},[55,1106,1107],{"class":251},"grape",[55,1109,248],{"class":247},[55,1111,114],{"class":69},[55,1113,1115,1117,1119,1121],{"class":57,"line":1114},7,[55,1116,121],{"class":120},[55,1118,103],{"class":69},[55,1120,1057],{"class":99},[55,1122,114],{"class":69},[20,1124,302],{},[46,1126,1128],{"className":48,"code":1127,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,1129,1130,1158],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1131,1132,1134,1136,1138,1140,1142,1144,1146,1148,1150,1152,1154,1156],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1133,312],{"class":69},[55,1135,315],{"class":247},[55,1137,1035],{"class":251},[55,1139,315],{"class":247},[55,1141,77],{"class":69},[55,1143,324],{"class":247},[55,1145,1072],{"class":251},[55,1147,315],{"class":247},[55,1149,77],{"class":69},[55,1151,324],{"class":247},[55,1153,1044],{"class":251},[55,1155,315],{"class":247},[55,1157,88],{"class":69},[55,1159,1160,1162,1164,1166,1168,1170,1172,1174,1176,1178,1180,1182,1184,1186,1188,1190,1192],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,1161,312],{"class":69},[55,1163,315],{"class":247},[55,1165,1035],{"class":251},[55,1167,315],{"class":247},[55,1169,77],{"class":69},[55,1171,324],{"class":247},[55,1173,1072],{"class":251},[55,1175,315],{"class":247},[55,1177,77],{"class":69},[55,1179,324],{"class":247},[55,1181,1044],{"class":251},[55,1183,315],{"class":247},[55,1185,77],{"class":69},[55,1187,324],{"class":247},[55,1189,1107],{"class":251},[55,1191,315],{"class":247},[55,1193,88],{"class":69},[20,1195,1196,1197,44],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[36,1198,39,1199,43],{"href":38},[15,1200,42],{},[20,1202,1203,1204,44],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[36,1205,1207],{"href":1206},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[142,1209,1211],{"id":1210},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[20,1213,1214,1215,44],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,1216,17],{},[577,1218,1220,1221],{"id":1219},"assigning-the-result-of-insert","Assigning the result of ",[15,1222,17],{},[20,1224,1225],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[46,1227,1229],{"className":48,"code":1228,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,1230,1231,1251,1276,1280,1291],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1232,1233,1235,1237,1239,1241,1243,1245,1247,1249],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1234,62],{"class":61},[55,1236,66],{"class":65},[55,1238,70],{"class":69},[55,1240,74],{"class":73},[55,1242,77],{"class":69},[55,1244,80],{"class":73},[55,1246,77],{"class":69},[55,1248,111],{"class":73},[55,1250,88],{"class":69},[55,1252,1253,1256,1258,1261,1263,1265,1267,1269,1271,1274],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,1254,1255],{"class":61},"result ",[55,1257,66],{"class":65},[55,1259,1260],{"class":61}," numbers",[55,1262,44],{"class":69},[55,1264,100],{"class":99},[55,1266,103],{"class":69},[55,1268,74],{"class":73},[55,1270,77],{"class":69},[55,1272,1273],{"class":73}," 99",[55,1275,114],{"class":69},[55,1277,1278],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,1279,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,1281,1282,1284,1286,1289],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,1283,121],{"class":120},[55,1285,103],{"class":69},[55,1287,1288],{"class":99},"result",[55,1290,114],{"class":69},[55,1292,1293,1295,1297,1299],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,1294,121],{"class":120},[55,1296,103],{"class":69},[55,1298,94],{"class":99},[55,1300,114],{"class":69},[20,1302,302],{},[46,1304,1306],{"className":48,"code":1305,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,1307,1308,1314],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1309,1310],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1311,1313],{"class":1312},"s39Yj","None\n",[55,1315,1316,1318,1320,1322,1324,1326,1328,1330,1332],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,1317,312],{"class":69},[55,1319,74],{"class":73},[55,1321,77],{"class":69},[55,1323,1273],{"class":73},[55,1325,77],{"class":69},[55,1327,80],{"class":73},[55,1329,77],{"class":69},[55,1331,111],{"class":73},[55,1333,88],{"class":69},[20,1335,1336,1338,1339,44],{},[15,1337,17],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,1340,172],{},[20,1342,1343],{},"Wrong:",[46,1345,1347],{"className":48,"code":1346,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,1348,1349],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1350,1351,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362,1364,1366,1368,1370],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1352,1353],{"class":61},"new_list ",[55,1355,66],{"class":65},[55,1357,1260],{"class":61},[55,1359,44],{"class":69},[55,1361,100],{"class":99},[55,1363,103],{"class":69},[55,1365,74],{"class":73},[55,1367,77],{"class":69},[55,1369,1273],{"class":73},[55,1371,114],{"class":69},[20,1373,1374],{},"Right:",[46,1376,1378],{"className":48,"code":1377,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,1379,1380],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1381,1382,1384,1386,1388,1390,1392,1394,1396],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1383,94],{"class":61},[55,1385,44],{"class":69},[55,1387,100],{"class":99},[55,1389,103],{"class":69},[55,1391,74],{"class":73},[55,1393,77],{"class":69},[55,1395,1273],{"class":73},[55,1397,114],{"class":69},[577,1399,1401],{"id":1400},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,1403,1404],{},"The correct order is:",[46,1406,1407],{"className":48,"code":185,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,1408,1409],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1410,1411,1413,1415,1417,1419,1421,1423,1425],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1412,192],{"class":61},[55,1414,44],{"class":69},[55,1416,100],{"class":99},[55,1418,103],{"class":69},[55,1420,201],{"class":99},[55,1422,77],{"class":69},[55,1424,206],{"class":99},[55,1426,114],{"class":69},[20,1428,1429],{},"Not:",[46,1431,1433],{"className":48,"code":1432,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,1434,1435],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1436,1437,1439,1441,1443,1445,1447,1449,1452],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1438,192],{"class":61},[55,1440,44],{"class":69},[55,1442,100],{"class":99},[55,1444,103],{"class":69},[55,1446,220],{"class":99},[55,1448,77],{"class":69},[55,1450,1451],{"class":99}," index",[55,1453,114],{"class":69},[20,1455,230],{},[46,1457,1458],{"className":48,"code":233,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,1459,1460,1484,1506],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1461,1462,1464,1466,1468,1470,1472,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1463,240],{"class":61},[55,1465,66],{"class":65},[55,1467,70],{"class":69},[55,1469,248],{"class":247},[55,1471,36],{"class":251},[55,1473,248],{"class":247},[55,1475,77],{"class":69},[55,1477,258],{"class":247},[55,1479,261],{"class":251},[55,1481,248],{"class":247},[55,1483,88],{"class":69},[55,1485,1486,1488,1490,1492,1494,1496,1498,1500,1502,1504],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,1487,270],{"class":61},[55,1489,44],{"class":69},[55,1491,100],{"class":99},[55,1493,103],{"class":69},[55,1495,74],{"class":73},[55,1497,77],{"class":69},[55,1499,258],{"class":247},[55,1501,285],{"class":251},[55,1503,248],{"class":247},[55,1505,114],{"class":69},[55,1507,1508,1510,1512,1514],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,1509,121],{"class":120},[55,1511,103],{"class":69},[55,1513,270],{"class":99},[55,1515,114],{"class":69},[20,1517,302],{},[46,1519,1520],{"className":48,"code":305,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,1521,1522],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1523,1524,1526,1528,1530,1532,1534,1536,1538,1540,1542,1544,1546,1548],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1525,312],{"class":69},[55,1527,315],{"class":247},[55,1529,36],{"class":251},[55,1531,315],{"class":247},[55,1533,77],{"class":69},[55,1535,324],{"class":247},[55,1537,285],{"class":251},[55,1539,315],{"class":247},[55,1541,77],{"class":69},[55,1543,324],{"class":247},[55,1545,261],{"class":251},[55,1547,315],{"class":247},[55,1549,88],{"class":69},[577,1551,1553,1554,1556],{"id":1552},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item","Expecting ",[15,1555,17],{}," to replace an item",[20,1558,1559,1561],{},[15,1560,17],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[46,1563,1565],{"className":48,"code":1564,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,1566,1567,1587,1605],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1568,1569,1571,1573,1575,1577,1579,1581,1583,1585],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1570,62],{"class":61},[55,1572,66],{"class":65},[55,1574,70],{"class":69},[55,1576,74],{"class":73},[55,1578,77],{"class":69},[55,1580,80],{"class":73},[55,1582,77],{"class":69},[55,1584,111],{"class":73},[55,1586,88],{"class":69},[55,1588,1589,1591,1593,1595,1597,1599,1601,1603],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,1590,94],{"class":61},[55,1592,44],{"class":69},[55,1594,100],{"class":99},[55,1596,103],{"class":69},[55,1598,74],{"class":73},[55,1600,77],{"class":69},[55,1602,1273],{"class":73},[55,1604,114],{"class":69},[55,1606,1607,1609,1611,1613],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,1608,121],{"class":120},[55,1610,103],{"class":69},[55,1612,94],{"class":99},[55,1614,114],{"class":69},[20,1616,302],{},[46,1618,1620],{"className":48,"code":1619,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,1621,1622],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1623,1624,1626,1628,1630,1632,1634,1636,1638,1640],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1625,312],{"class":69},[55,1627,74],{"class":73},[55,1629,77],{"class":69},[55,1631,1273],{"class":73},[55,1633,77],{"class":69},[55,1635,80],{"class":73},[55,1637,77],{"class":69},[55,1639,111],{"class":73},[55,1641,88],{"class":69},[20,1643,1644],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[46,1646,1648],{"className":48,"code":1647,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,1649,1650,1670,1687],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1651,1652,1654,1656,1658,1660,1662,1664,1666,1668],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1653,62],{"class":61},[55,1655,66],{"class":65},[55,1657,70],{"class":69},[55,1659,74],{"class":73},[55,1661,77],{"class":69},[55,1663,80],{"class":73},[55,1665,77],{"class":69},[55,1667,111],{"class":73},[55,1669,88],{"class":69},[55,1671,1672,1674,1676,1678,1681,1684],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,1673,94],{"class":61},[55,1675,312],{"class":69},[55,1677,74],{"class":73},[55,1679,1680],{"class":69},"]",[55,1682,1683],{"class":65}," =",[55,1685,1686],{"class":73}," 99\n",[55,1688,1689,1691,1693,1695],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,1690,121],{"class":120},[55,1692,103],{"class":69},[55,1694,94],{"class":99},[55,1696,114],{"class":69},[20,1698,302],{},[46,1700,1702],{"className":48,"code":1701,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,1703,1704],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1705,1706,1708,1710,1712,1714,1716,1718],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1707,312],{"class":69},[55,1709,74],{"class":73},[55,1711,77],{"class":69},[55,1713,1273],{"class":73},[55,1715,77],{"class":69},[55,1717,111],{"class":73},[55,1719,88],{"class":69},[577,1721,1723],{"id":1722},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,1725,1726,1728],{},[15,1727,17],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,1730,1731],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[46,1733,1735],{"className":48,"code":1734,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,1736,1737,1753,1778],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1738,1739,1741,1743,1745,1747,1749,1751],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1740,62],{"class":61},[55,1742,66],{"class":65},[55,1744,70],{"class":69},[55,1746,74],{"class":73},[55,1748,77],{"class":69},[55,1750,85],{"class":73},[55,1752,88],{"class":69},[55,1754,1755,1757,1759,1761,1763,1765,1767,1769,1771,1773,1775],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,1756,94],{"class":61},[55,1758,44],{"class":69},[55,1760,100],{"class":99},[55,1762,103],{"class":69},[55,1764,74],{"class":73},[55,1766,77],{"class":69},[55,1768,70],{"class":69},[55,1770,106],{"class":73},[55,1772,77],{"class":69},[55,1774,111],{"class":73},[55,1776,1777],{"class":69},"])\n",[55,1779,1780,1782,1784,1786],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,1781,121],{"class":120},[55,1783,103],{"class":69},[55,1785,94],{"class":99},[55,1787,114],{"class":69},[20,1789,302],{},[46,1791,1793],{"className":48,"code":1792,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,1794,1795],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1796,1797,1799,1801,1803,1805,1807,1809,1811,1814,1816],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1798,312],{"class":69},[55,1800,74],{"class":73},[55,1802,77],{"class":69},[55,1804,70],{"class":69},[55,1806,106],{"class":73},[55,1808,77],{"class":69},[55,1810,111],{"class":73},[55,1812,1813],{"class":69},"],",[55,1815,85],{"class":73},[55,1817,88],{"class":69},[20,1819,1820,1821,44],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[36,1822,39,1824,43],{"href":1823},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,1825,1826],{},"extend()",[577,1828,1830],{"id":1829},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,1832,1833,1834,1836],{},"If ",[15,1835,17],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[46,1838,1840],{"className":48,"code":1839,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,1841,1842,1852,1868,1889,1906],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1843,1844,1846,1848,1850],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1845,121],{"class":120},[55,1847,103],{"class":69},[55,1849,192],{"class":99},[55,1851,114],{"class":69},[55,1853,1854,1856,1858,1861,1863,1865],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,1855,121],{"class":120},[55,1857,103],{"class":69},[55,1859,1860],{"class":120},"len",[55,1862,103],{"class":69},[55,1864,192],{"class":99},[55,1866,1867],{"class":69},"))\n",[55,1869,1870,1872,1874,1876,1878,1881,1883,1887],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,1871,121],{"class":120},[55,1873,103],{"class":69},[55,1875,192],{"class":99},[55,1877,44],{"class":69},[55,1879,100],{"class":1880},"skxfh",[55,1882,44],{"class":69},[55,1884,1886],{"class":1885},"s_hVV","__doc__",[55,1888,114],{"class":69},[55,1890,1891,1894,1896,1900,1902,1904],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,1892,1893],{"class":120},"help",[55,1895,103],{"class":69},[55,1897,1899],{"class":1898},"sZMiF","list",[55,1901,44],{"class":69},[55,1903,100],{"class":1880},[55,1905,114],{"class":69},[55,1907,1908,1911,1913,1915],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,1909,1910],{"class":1898},"type",[55,1912,103],{"class":69},[55,1914,192],{"class":99},[55,1916,114],{"class":69},[20,1918,1919],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[155,1921,1922,1925,1928,1931],{},[158,1923,1924],{},"What is currently in the list",[158,1926,1927],{},"How long the list is",[158,1929,1930],{},"That you are working with a real list",[158,1932,1933],{},"How Python describes the method",[142,1935,1937,1938],{"id":1936},"when-to-use-insert","When to use ",[15,1939,17],{},[20,1941,31,1942,1944],{},[15,1943,17],{}," when position matters.",[20,1946,1947],{},"Common cases:",[155,1949,1950,1953,1956,1959],{},[158,1951,1952],{},"Ordered menus",[158,1954,1955],{},"Rankings or score lists",[158,1957,1958],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[158,1960,1961],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,1963,1964,1965,1969,1970,1972,1973,1975],{},"You usually do ",[1966,1967,1968],"strong",{},"not"," need ",[15,1971,17],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,1974,42],{}," is simpler.",[20,1977,1978,1979,44],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[36,1980,1982],{"href":1981},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python",[142,1984,1986],{"id":1985},"faq","FAQ",[577,1988,1990,1991,1993],{"id":1989},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list","Does ",[15,1992,24],{}," return a new list?",[20,1995,1996,1997,44],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,1998,172],{},[577,2000,2002],{"id":2001},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,2004,2005],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[577,2007,2009,2010,2012],{"id":2008},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items","Can ",[15,2011,24],{}," add multiple items?",[20,2014,2015,2016,2018],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,2017,1826],{}," or slicing.",[577,2020,2022,2023,352,2025,2027],{"id":2021},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append","What is the difference between ",[15,2024,17],{},[15,2026,42],{},"?",[20,2029,2030,2032,2033,2035],{},[15,2031,17],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,2034,42],{}," adds only at the end.",[142,2037,2039],{"id":2038},"see-also","See also",[155,2041,2042,2048,2054,2059,2064,2069],{},[158,2043,2044],{},[36,2045,39,2046,43],{"href":38},[15,2047,42],{},[158,2049,2050],{},[36,2051,39,2052,43],{"href":1823},[15,2053,1826],{},[158,2055,2056],{},[36,2057,2058],{"href":1206},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[158,2060,2061],{},[36,2062,2063],{"href":974},"Python lists explained for beginners",[158,2065,2066],{},[36,2067,2068],{"href":1981},"Creating a list in Python",[158,2070,2071],{},[36,2072,2074,2075,2078],{"href":2073},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix ",[15,2076,2077],{},"'list' object has no attribute ..."," errors",[2080,2081,2082],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":2084},[2085,2087,2088,2089,2095,2102,2111,2113,2122],{"id":144,"depth":91,"text":2086},"What list.insert() does",{"id":181,"depth":91,"text":182},{"id":358,"depth":91,"text":359},{"id":564,"depth":91,"text":565,"children":2090},[2091,2092,2093,2094],{"id":579,"depth":117,"text":580},{"id":672,"depth":117,"text":673},{"id":758,"depth":117,"text":759},{"id":845,"depth":117,"text":846},{"id":979,"depth":91,"text":2096,"children":2097},"insert() vs append()",[2098,2100],{"id":990,"depth":117,"text":2099},"Use insert() when:",{"id":1004,"depth":117,"text":2101},"Use append() when:",{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":2103},[2104,2106,2107,2109,2110],{"id":1219,"depth":117,"text":2105},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":1400,"depth":117,"text":1401},{"id":1552,"depth":117,"text":2108},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":1722,"depth":117,"text":1723},{"id":1829,"depth":117,"text":1830},{"id":1936,"depth":91,"text":2112},"When to use insert()",{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":2114},[2115,2117,2118,2120],{"id":1989,"depth":117,"text":2116},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":2001,"depth":117,"text":2002},{"id":2008,"depth":117,"text":2119},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":2021,"depth":117,"text":2121},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":5,"description":2123},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",[2131,3732,5437,7132,9271,11470,12983,15152,17358,19813,21651,24214,26311,28593,30539,32449,34444,35881,37705,40230,42392,43620,44991,46639,48960,50804,52785,54465,55714,57403,59154,61126,62876,64976,66335,68144,69707,71698,73493,75393,77835,79913,82553,84582,86545,88733,90737,93050,94732,96177,97371,98549,100389,102829,104533,106548,108072,109317,110480,111862,113933,115830,117604,119470,121589,123329,124791,126385,128308,129985,131920,133409,136193,137770,139329,141357,143309,144772,145961,147847,149258,150954,152508,153930,155333,157231,159625,161456],{"id":2132,"title":2133,"body":2134,"description":3726,"extension":2124,"meta":3727,"navigation":428,"path":3728,"seo":3729,"stem":3730,"__hash__":3731},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2135,"toc":3698},[2136,2139,2145,2148,2159,2162,2166,2230,2232,2252,2257,2261,2266,2269,2284,2287,2313,2316,2320,2323,2339,2342,2369,2371,2429,2431,2446,2456,2466,2470,2473,2526,2528,2548,2551,2575,2582,2586,2591,2597,2599,2636,2638,2647,2653,2671,2674,2686,2690,2695,2699,2702,2723,2725,2783,2785,2793,2796,2800,2832,2834,2842,2845,2849,2854,2902,2904,2912,2916,2976,2978,2986,2989,2993,2997,3000,3023,3032,3048,3099,3101,3116,3127,3131,3134,3163,3170,3174,3179,3220,3222,3233,3236,3279,3281,3289,3293,3298,3320,3322,3331,3340,3344,3349,3371,3373,3443,3445,3495,3498,3501,3504,3584,3586,3617,3619,3623,3626,3630,3633,3637,3640,3644,3656,3660,3663,3665,3695],[10,2137,2133],{"id":2138},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2140,568,2141,2144],{},[15,2142,2143],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2146,2147],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[155,2149,2150,2153,2156],{},[158,2151,2152],{},"a number without its negative sign",[158,2154,2155],{},"the distance between two numbers",[158,2157,2158],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2160,2161],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[142,2163,2165],{"id":2164},"quick-example","Quick example",[46,2167,2169],{"className":48,"code":2168,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2170,2171,2189,2204],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2172,2173,2175,2177,2180,2182,2184,2187],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2174,121],{"class":120},[55,2176,103],{"class":69},[55,2178,2179],{"class":120},"abs",[55,2181,103],{"class":69},[55,2183,903],{"class":65},[55,2185,2186],{"class":73},"7",[55,2188,1867],{"class":69},[55,2190,2191,2193,2195,2197,2199,2202],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,2192,121],{"class":120},[55,2194,103],{"class":69},[55,2196,2179],{"class":120},[55,2198,103],{"class":69},[55,2200,2201],{"class":73},"3.5",[55,2203,1867],{"class":69},[55,2205,2206,2208,2210,2212,2214,2216,2218,2221,2224,2228],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,2207,121],{"class":120},[55,2209,103],{"class":69},[55,2211,2179],{"class":120},[55,2213,103],{"class":69},[55,2215,903],{"class":65},[55,2217,106],{"class":73},[55,2219,2220],{"class":65},"+",[55,2222,2223],{"class":73},"3",[55,2225,2227],{"class":2226},"sbsja","j",[55,2229,1867],{"class":69},[20,2231,302],{},[46,2233,2235],{"className":48,"code":2234,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2236,2237,2242,2247],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2238,2239],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2240,2241],{"class":73},"7\n",[55,2243,2244],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,2245,2246],{"class":73},"3.5\n",[55,2248,2249],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,2250,2251],{"class":73},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2253,31,2254,2256],{},[15,2255,2143],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[142,2258,2260],{"id":2259},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2262,2263,2265],{},[15,2264,2143],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2267,2268],{},"That means:",[155,2270,2271,2274,2277],{},[158,2272,2273],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[158,2275,2276],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[158,2278,2279,2281,2282],{},[15,2280,227],{}," stays ",[15,2283,227],{},[20,2285,2286],{},"Examples:",[155,2288,2289,2298,2306],{},[158,2290,2291,2294,2295],{},[15,2292,2293],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2296,2297],{},"5",[158,2299,2300,2294,2303],{},[15,2301,2302],{},"abs(9)",[15,2304,2305],{},"9",[158,2307,2308,2294,2311],{},[15,2309,2310],{},"abs(0)",[15,2312,227],{},[20,2314,2315],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[142,2317,2319],{"id":2318},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,2321,2322],{},"The syntax is:",[46,2324,2326],{"className":48,"code":2325,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"abs(x)\n",[15,2327,2328],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2329,2330,2332,2334,2337],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2331,2179],{"class":120},[55,2333,103],{"class":69},[55,2335,2336],{"class":99},"x",[55,2338,114],{"class":69},[20,2340,2341],{},"Here:",[155,2343,2344,2361,2366],{},[158,2345,2346,2348,2349,2352,2353,2356,2357,2360],{},[15,2347,2336],{}," is usually an ",[15,2350,2351],{},"int",", ",[15,2354,2355],{},"float",", or ",[15,2358,2359],{},"complex"," number",[158,2362,2363,2365],{},[15,2364,2143],{}," returns a new value",[158,2367,2368],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2370,230],{},[46,2372,2374],{"className":48,"code":2373,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2375,2376,2389,2405,2409,2419],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2377,2378,2381,2383,2386],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2379,2380],{"class":61},"number ",[55,2382,66],{"class":65},[55,2384,2385],{"class":65}," -",[55,2387,2388],{"class":73},"12\n",[55,2390,2391,2393,2395,2398,2400,2403],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,2392,1255],{"class":61},[55,2394,66],{"class":65},[55,2396,2397],{"class":120}," abs",[55,2399,103],{"class":69},[55,2401,2402],{"class":99},"number",[55,2404,114],{"class":69},[55,2406,2407],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,2408,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,2410,2411,2413,2415,2417],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,2412,121],{"class":120},[55,2414,103],{"class":69},[55,2416,2402],{"class":99},[55,2418,114],{"class":69},[55,2420,2421,2423,2425,2427],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,2422,121],{"class":120},[55,2424,103],{"class":69},[55,2426,1288],{"class":99},[55,2428,114],{"class":69},[20,2430,302],{},[46,2432,2434],{"className":48,"code":2433,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"-12\n12\n",[15,2435,2436,2442],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2437,2438,2440],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2439,903],{"class":65},[55,2441,2388],{"class":73},[55,2443,2444],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,2445,2388],{"class":73},[20,2447,2448,2449,2451,2452,2455],{},"Notice that ",[15,2450,2402],{}," is still ",[15,2453,2454],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2457,2458,2459,976],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[36,2460,2462,2465],{"href":2461},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2463,2464],{},"type()"," function",[142,2467,2469],{"id":2468},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2471,2472],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[46,2474,2476],{"className":48,"code":2475,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2477,2478,2494,2509],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2479,2480,2482,2484,2486,2488,2490,2492],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2481,121],{"class":120},[55,2483,103],{"class":69},[55,2485,2179],{"class":120},[55,2487,103],{"class":69},[55,2489,903],{"class":65},[55,2491,800],{"class":73},[55,2493,1867],{"class":69},[55,2495,2496,2498,2500,2502,2504,2507],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,2497,121],{"class":120},[55,2499,103],{"class":69},[55,2501,2179],{"class":120},[55,2503,103],{"class":69},[55,2505,2506],{"class":73},"8",[55,2508,1867],{"class":69},[55,2510,2511,2513,2515,2517,2519,2521,2524],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,2512,121],{"class":120},[55,2514,103],{"class":69},[55,2516,2179],{"class":120},[55,2518,103],{"class":69},[55,2520,903],{"class":65},[55,2522,2523],{"class":73},"4.2",[55,2525,1867],{"class":69},[20,2527,302],{},[46,2529,2531],{"className":48,"code":2530,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2532,2533,2538,2543],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2534,2535],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2536,2537],{"class":73},"10\n",[55,2539,2540],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,2541,2542],{"class":73},"8\n",[55,2544,2545],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,2546,2547],{"class":73},"4.2\n",[20,2549,2550],{},"What each line does:",[155,2552,2553,2561,2568],{},[158,2554,2555,2558,2559],{},[15,2556,2557],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2560,800],{},[158,2562,2563,2558,2566],{},[15,2564,2565],{},"abs(8)",[15,2567,2506],{},[158,2569,2570,2558,2573],{},[15,2571,2572],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2574,2523],{},[20,2576,2577,2578,44],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[36,2579,2581],{"href":2580},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[142,2583,2585],{"id":2584},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2587,2588,2590],{},[15,2589,2143],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2592,2593,2594,2596],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2595,227],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2598,230],{},[46,2600,2602],{"className":48,"code":2601,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2603,2604,2621],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2605,2606,2609,2611,2613,2616,2618],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2607,2608],{"class":61},"value ",[55,2610,66],{"class":65},[55,2612,111],{"class":73},[55,2614,2615],{"class":65}," +",[55,2617,85],{"class":73},[55,2619,2620],{"class":2226},"j\n",[55,2622,2623,2625,2627,2629,2631,2634],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,2624,121],{"class":120},[55,2626,103],{"class":69},[55,2628,2179],{"class":120},[55,2630,103],{"class":69},[55,2632,2633],{"class":99},"value",[55,2635,1867],{"class":69},[20,2637,302],{},[46,2639,2641],{"className":48,"code":2640,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5.0\n",[15,2642,2643],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2644,2645],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2646,2640],{"class":73},[20,2648,2649,2650,2027],{},"Why ",[15,2651,2652],{},"5.0",[155,2654,2655,2660,2666],{},[158,2656,2657,2658],{},"the real part is ",[15,2659,2223],{},[158,2661,2662,2663],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2664,2665],{},"4",[158,2667,2668,2669],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2670,2652],{},[20,2672,2673],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[155,2675,2676,2683],{},[158,2677,2678,2680,2681],{},[15,2679,2143],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2682,2355],{},[158,2684,2685],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[142,2687,2689],{"id":2688},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2691,2692,2693,44],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2694,2143],{},[577,2696,2698],{"id":2697},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2700,2701],{},"A very common pattern is:",[46,2703,2705],{"className":48,"code":2704,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2706,2707],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2708,2709,2711,2713,2716,2718,2721],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2710,2179],{"class":120},[55,2712,103],{"class":69},[55,2714,2715],{"class":99},"a ",[55,2717,903],{"class":65},[55,2719,2720],{"class":99}," b",[55,2722,114],{"class":69},[20,2724,230],{},[46,2726,2728],{"className":48,"code":2727,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2729,2730,2739,2749,2753,2772],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2731,2732,2734,2736],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2733,2715],{"class":61},[55,2735,66],{"class":65},[55,2737,2738],{"class":73}," 3\n",[55,2740,2741,2744,2746],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,2742,2743],{"class":61},"b ",[55,2745,66],{"class":65},[55,2747,2748],{"class":73}," 10\n",[55,2750,2751],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,2752,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,2754,2755,2758,2760,2762,2764,2766,2768,2770],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,2756,2757],{"class":61},"distance ",[55,2759,66],{"class":65},[55,2761,2397],{"class":120},[55,2763,103],{"class":69},[55,2765,2715],{"class":99},[55,2767,903],{"class":65},[55,2769,2720],{"class":99},[55,2771,114],{"class":69},[55,2773,2774,2776,2778,2781],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,2775,121],{"class":120},[55,2777,103],{"class":69},[55,2779,2780],{"class":99},"distance",[55,2782,114],{"class":69},[20,2784,302],{},[46,2786,2787],{"className":48,"code":2241,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,2788,2789],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2790,2791],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2792,2241],{"class":73},[20,2794,2795],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[577,2797,2799],{"id":2798},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[46,2801,2803],{"className":48,"code":2802,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2804,2805,2817],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2806,2807,2810,2812,2814],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2808,2809],{"class":61},"temperature_change ",[55,2811,66],{"class":65},[55,2813,2385],{"class":65},[55,2815,2816],{"class":73},"6\n",[55,2818,2819,2821,2823,2825,2827,2830],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,2820,121],{"class":120},[55,2822,103],{"class":69},[55,2824,2179],{"class":120},[55,2826,103],{"class":69},[55,2828,2829],{"class":99},"temperature_change",[55,2831,1867],{"class":69},[20,2833,302],{},[46,2835,2836],{"className":48,"code":2816,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,2837,2838],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2839,2840],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2841,2816],{"class":73},[20,2843,2844],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[577,2846,2848],{"id":2847},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2850,2851,2852,976],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2853,2143],{},[46,2855,2857],{"className":48,"code":2856,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2858,2859,2871,2887,2891],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2860,2861,2864,2866,2868],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2862,2863],{"class":61},"balance_change ",[55,2865,66],{"class":65},[55,2867,2385],{"class":65},[55,2869,2870],{"class":73},"25\n",[55,2872,2873,2876,2878,2880,2882,2885],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,2874,2875],{"class":61},"safe_value ",[55,2877,66],{"class":65},[55,2879,2397],{"class":120},[55,2881,103],{"class":69},[55,2883,2884],{"class":99},"balance_change",[55,2886,114],{"class":69},[55,2888,2889],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,2890,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,2892,2893,2895,2897,2900],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,2894,121],{"class":120},[55,2896,103],{"class":69},[55,2898,2899],{"class":99},"safe_value",[55,2901,114],{"class":69},[20,2903,302],{},[46,2905,2906],{"className":48,"code":2870,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,2907,2908],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2909,2910],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2911,2870],{"class":73},[577,2913,2915],{"id":2914},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[46,2917,2919],{"className":48,"code":2918,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2920,2921,2931,2941,2945,2965],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2922,2923,2926,2928],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2924,2925],{"class":61},"guess ",[55,2927,66],{"class":65},[55,2929,2930],{"class":73}," 42\n",[55,2932,2933,2936,2938],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,2934,2935],{"class":61},"target ",[55,2937,66],{"class":65},[55,2939,2940],{"class":73}," 50\n",[55,2942,2943],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,2944,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,2946,2947,2950,2952,2954,2956,2958,2960,2963],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,2948,2949],{"class":61},"difference ",[55,2951,66],{"class":65},[55,2953,2397],{"class":120},[55,2955,103],{"class":69},[55,2957,2925],{"class":99},[55,2959,903],{"class":65},[55,2961,2962],{"class":99}," target",[55,2964,114],{"class":69},[55,2966,2967,2969,2971,2974],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,2968,121],{"class":120},[55,2970,103],{"class":69},[55,2972,2973],{"class":99},"difference",[55,2975,114],{"class":69},[20,2977,302],{},[46,2979,2980],{"className":48,"code":2542,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,2981,2982],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2983,2984],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2985,2542],{"class":73},[20,2987,2988],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[142,2990,2992],{"id":2991},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[577,2994,2996],{"id":2995},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2998,2999],{},"This causes an error:",[46,3001,3003],{"className":48,"code":3002,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3004,3005],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3006,3007,3009,3011,3013,3015,3017,3019,3021],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3008,121],{"class":120},[55,3010,103],{"class":69},[55,3012,2179],{"class":120},[55,3014,103],{"class":69},[55,3016,248],{"class":247},[55,3018,2297],{"class":251},[55,3020,248],{"class":247},[55,3022,1867],{"class":69},[20,3024,3025,3028,3029,3031],{},[15,3026,3027],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3030,2143],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3033,3034,3035,3041,3042,153],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[36,3036,3038],{"href":3037},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3039,3040],{},"int()"," or ",[36,3043,3045],{"href":3044},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3046,3047],{},"float()",[46,3049,3051],{"className":48,"code":3050,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3052,3053,3076],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3054,3055,3057,3059,3061,3063,3065,3067,3069,3071,3073],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3056,121],{"class":120},[55,3058,103],{"class":69},[55,3060,2179],{"class":120},[55,3062,103],{"class":69},[55,3064,2351],{"class":1898},[55,3066,103],{"class":69},[55,3068,248],{"class":247},[55,3070,2297],{"class":251},[55,3072,248],{"class":247},[55,3074,3075],{"class":69},")))\n",[55,3077,3078,3080,3082,3084,3086,3088,3090,3092,3095,3097],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,3079,121],{"class":120},[55,3081,103],{"class":69},[55,3083,2179],{"class":120},[55,3085,103],{"class":69},[55,3087,2355],{"class":1898},[55,3089,103],{"class":69},[55,3091,248],{"class":247},[55,3093,3094],{"class":251},"-3.2",[55,3096,248],{"class":247},[55,3098,3075],{"class":69},[20,3100,302],{},[46,3102,3104],{"className":48,"code":3103,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3105,3106,3111],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3107,3108],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3109,3110],{"class":73},"5\n",[55,3112,3113],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,3114,3115],{"class":73},"3.2\n",[20,3117,3118,3119,3122,3123,44],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3120,3121],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[36,3124,3126],{"href":3125},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[577,3128,3130],{"id":3129},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3132,3133],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[46,3135,3137],{"className":48,"code":3136,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3138,3139],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3140,3141,3143,3145,3147,3150,3152,3154,3156,3158,3160],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3142,121],{"class":120},[55,3144,103],{"class":69},[55,3146,2179],{"class":120},[55,3148,3149],{"class":69},"([",[55,3151,74],{"class":73},[55,3153,77],{"class":69},[55,3155,80],{"class":73},[55,3157,77],{"class":69},[55,3159,111],{"class":73},[55,3161,3162],{"class":69},"]))\n",[20,3164,3165,3166,3169],{},"This raises a ",[15,3167,3168],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[577,3171,3173],{"id":3172},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3175,3176,3178],{},[15,3177,2143],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[46,3180,3182],{"className":48,"code":3181,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3183,3184,3196,3206,3210],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3185,3186,3189,3191,3193],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3187,3188],{"class":61},"x ",[55,3190,66],{"class":65},[55,3192,2385],{"class":65},[55,3194,3195],{"class":73},"9\n",[55,3197,3198,3200,3202,3204],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,3199,2179],{"class":120},[55,3201,103],{"class":69},[55,3203,2336],{"class":99},[55,3205,114],{"class":69},[55,3207,3208],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,3209,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,3211,3212,3214,3216,3218],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,3213,121],{"class":120},[55,3215,103],{"class":69},[55,3217,2336],{"class":99},[55,3219,114],{"class":69},[20,3221,302],{},[46,3223,3225],{"className":48,"code":3224,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"-9\n",[15,3226,3227],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3228,3229,3231],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3230,903],{"class":65},[55,3232,3195],{"class":73},[20,3234,3235],{},"If you want to store the result:",[46,3237,3239],{"className":48,"code":3238,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3240,3241,3251,3265,3269],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3242,3243,3245,3247,3249],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3244,3188],{"class":61},[55,3246,66],{"class":65},[55,3248,2385],{"class":65},[55,3250,3195],{"class":73},[55,3252,3253,3255,3257,3259,3261,3263],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,3254,3188],{"class":61},[55,3256,66],{"class":65},[55,3258,2397],{"class":120},[55,3260,103],{"class":69},[55,3262,2336],{"class":99},[55,3264,114],{"class":69},[55,3266,3267],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,3268,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,3270,3271,3273,3275,3277],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,3272,121],{"class":120},[55,3274,103],{"class":69},[55,3276,2336],{"class":99},[55,3278,114],{"class":69},[20,3280,302],{},[46,3282,3283],{"className":48,"code":3195,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,3284,3285],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3286,3287],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3288,3195],{"class":73},[577,3290,3292],{"id":3291},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3294,3295,3297],{},[15,3296,2143],{}," does not round numbers.",[46,3299,3301],{"className":48,"code":3300,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3302,3303],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3304,3305,3307,3309,3311,3313,3315,3318],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3306,121],{"class":120},[55,3308,103],{"class":69},[55,3310,2179],{"class":120},[55,3312,103],{"class":69},[55,3314,903],{"class":65},[55,3316,3317],{"class":73},"4.7",[55,3319,1867],{"class":69},[20,3321,302],{},[46,3323,3325],{"className":48,"code":3324,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"4.7\n",[15,3326,3327],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3328,3329],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3330,3324],{"class":73},[20,3332,3333,3334,3336,3337,3339],{},"If you expected ",[15,3335,2297],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3338,2143],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[142,3341,3343],{"id":3342},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3345,3346,3348],{},[15,3347,2143],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[155,3350,3351,3358,3365],{},[158,3352,3353,3355,3356],{},[15,3354,2351],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3357,2351],{},[158,3359,3360,3362,3363],{},[15,3361,2355],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3364,2355],{},[158,3366,3367,3362,3369],{},[15,3368,2359],{},[15,3370,2355],{},[20,3372,230],{},[46,3374,3376],{"className":48,"code":3375,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3377,3378,3398,3419],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3379,3380,3382,3384,3386,3388,3390,3392,3394,3396],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3381,121],{"class":120},[55,3383,103],{"class":69},[55,3385,1910],{"class":1898},[55,3387,103],{"class":69},[55,3389,2179],{"class":120},[55,3391,103],{"class":69},[55,3393,903],{"class":65},[55,3395,2297],{"class":73},[55,3397,3075],{"class":69},[55,3399,3400,3402,3404,3406,3408,3410,3412,3414,3417],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,3401,121],{"class":120},[55,3403,103],{"class":69},[55,3405,1910],{"class":1898},[55,3407,103],{"class":69},[55,3409,2179],{"class":120},[55,3411,103],{"class":69},[55,3413,903],{"class":65},[55,3415,3416],{"class":73},"3.2",[55,3418,3075],{"class":69},[55,3420,3421,3423,3425,3427,3429,3431,3433,3435,3437,3439,3441],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,3422,121],{"class":120},[55,3424,103],{"class":69},[55,3426,1910],{"class":1898},[55,3428,103],{"class":69},[55,3430,2179],{"class":120},[55,3432,103],{"class":69},[55,3434,2223],{"class":73},[55,3436,2615],{"class":65},[55,3438,85],{"class":73},[55,3440,2227],{"class":2226},[55,3442,3075],{"class":69},[20,3444,302],{},[46,3446,3448],{"className":48,"code":3447,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3449,3450,3467,3481],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3451,3452,3455,3458,3460,3462,3464],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3453,3454],{"class":65},"\u003C",[55,3456,3457],{"class":2226},"class",[55,3459,324],{"class":247},[55,3461,2351],{"class":251},[55,3463,315],{"class":247},[55,3465,3466],{"class":65},">\n",[55,3468,3469,3471,3473,3475,3477,3479],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,3470,3454],{"class":65},[55,3472,3457],{"class":2226},[55,3474,324],{"class":247},[55,3476,2355],{"class":251},[55,3478,315],{"class":247},[55,3480,3466],{"class":65},[55,3482,3483,3485,3487,3489,3491,3493],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,3484,3454],{"class":65},[55,3486,3457],{"class":2226},[55,3488,324],{"class":247},[55,3490,2355],{"class":251},[55,3492,315],{"class":247},[55,3494,3466],{"class":65},[20,3496,3497],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3499,3500],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3502,3503],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[46,3505,3507],{"className":48,"code":3506,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3508,3509,3523,3533,3547,3551,3565],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3510,3511,3513,3515,3517,3520],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3512,2608],{"class":61},[55,3514,66],{"class":65},[55,3516,258],{"class":247},[55,3518,3519],{"class":251},"-5",[55,3521,3522],{"class":247},"\"\n",[55,3524,3525,3527,3529,3531],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,3526,121],{"class":120},[55,3528,103],{"class":69},[55,3530,2633],{"class":99},[55,3532,114],{"class":69},[55,3534,3535,3537,3539,3541,3543,3545],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,3536,121],{"class":120},[55,3538,103],{"class":69},[55,3540,1910],{"class":1898},[55,3542,103],{"class":69},[55,3544,2633],{"class":99},[55,3546,1867],{"class":69},[55,3548,3549],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,3550,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,3552,3553,3556,3558,3560,3563],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,3554,3555],{"class":61},"user_input ",[55,3557,66],{"class":65},[55,3559,258],{"class":247},[55,3561,3562],{"class":251},"-3.7",[55,3564,3522],{"class":247},[55,3566,3567,3569,3571,3573,3575,3577,3579,3582],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,3568,121],{"class":120},[55,3570,103],{"class":69},[55,3572,2179],{"class":120},[55,3574,103],{"class":69},[55,3576,2355],{"class":1898},[55,3578,103],{"class":69},[55,3580,3581],{"class":99},"user_input",[55,3583,3075],{"class":69},[20,3585,302],{},[46,3587,3589],{"className":48,"code":3588,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3590,3591,3597,3612],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3592,3593,3595],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3594,903],{"class":65},[55,3596,3110],{"class":73},[55,3598,3599,3601,3603,3605,3608,3610],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,3600,3454],{"class":65},[55,3602,3457],{"class":2226},[55,3604,324],{"class":247},[55,3606,3607],{"class":251},"str",[55,3609,315],{"class":247},[55,3611,3466],{"class":65},[55,3613,3614],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,3615,3616],{"class":73},"3.7\n",[142,3618,1986],{"id":1985},[577,3620,3622],{"id":3621},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3624,3625],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[577,3627,3629],{"id":3628},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3631,3632],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[577,3634,3636],{"id":3635},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3638,3639],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[577,3641,3643],{"id":3642},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3645,3646,3648,3649,3041,3651,3653,3654,44],{},[15,3647,3121],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3650,3040],{},[15,3652,3047],{}," before using ",[15,3655,2143],{},[577,3657,3659],{"id":3658},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3661,3662],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[142,3664,2039],{"id":2038},[155,3666,3667,3674,3680,3686,3691],{},[158,3668,3669],{},[36,3670,3671,3673],{"href":3037},[15,3672,3040],{}," function explained",[158,3675,3676],{},[36,3677,3678,3673],{"href":3044},[15,3679,3047],{},[158,3681,3682],{},[36,3683,3684,3673],{"href":2461},[15,3685,2464],{},[158,3687,3688],{},[36,3689,3690],{"href":3125},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[158,3692,3693],{},[36,3694,2581],{"href":2580},[2080,3696,3697],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":3699},[3700,3701,3702,3703,3704,3705,3711,3717,3718,3725],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":2259,"depth":91,"text":2260},{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":2468,"depth":91,"text":2469},{"id":2584,"depth":91,"text":2585},{"id":2688,"depth":91,"text":2689,"children":3706},[3707,3708,3709,3710],{"id":2697,"depth":117,"text":2698},{"id":2798,"depth":117,"text":2799},{"id":2847,"depth":117,"text":2848},{"id":2914,"depth":117,"text":2915},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":3712},[3713,3714,3715,3716],{"id":2995,"depth":117,"text":2996},{"id":3129,"depth":117,"text":3130},{"id":3172,"depth":117,"text":3173},{"id":3291,"depth":117,"text":3292},{"id":3342,"depth":91,"text":3343},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":3719},[3720,3721,3722,3723,3724],{"id":3621,"depth":117,"text":3622},{"id":3628,"depth":117,"text":3629},{"id":3635,"depth":117,"text":3636},{"id":3642,"depth":117,"text":3643},{"id":3658,"depth":117,"text":3659},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2133,"description":3726},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3733,"title":3734,"body":3735,"description":5431,"extension":2124,"meta":5432,"navigation":428,"path":5433,"seo":5434,"stem":5435,"__hash__":5436},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3736,"toc":5395},[3737,3745,3751,3754,3771,3775,3829,3839,3844,3848,3867,3870,3887,3890,3894,3902,3919,3922,3961,3964,3971,3977,4053,4055,4086,4092,4096,4100,4139,4141,4150,4157,4161,4200,4202,4211,4221,4225,4279,4281,4289,4292,4295,4342,4344,4352,4358,4365,4370,4373,4376,4442,4444,4452,4455,4522,4524,4532,4546,4549,4560,4564,4570,4573,4575,4591,4593,4601,4604,4607,4610,4627,4630,4633,4663,4665,4678,4680,4684,4687,4702,4707,4710,4737,4744,4747,4787,4793,4799,4807,4810,4862,4869,4933,4938,4947,4950,4968,4974,4977,5119,5124,5129,5132,5143,5146,5202,5204,5212,5215,5274,5276,5284,5287,5298,5300,5307,5316,5325,5328,5334,5337,5345,5358,5360,5392],[10,3738,3740,3741,3744],{"id":3739},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3742,3743],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3746,3747,3748,3750],{},"Python’s ",[15,3749,3743],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3752,3753],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[155,3755,3756,3759,3762],{},[158,3757,3758],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[158,3760,3761],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[158,3763,3764,2558,3767,3770],{},[15,3765,3766],{},"all([])",[15,3768,3769],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[142,3772,3774],{"id":3773},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[46,3776,3778],{"className":48,"code":3777,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3779,3780,3800,3815],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3781,3782,3784,3786,3788,3790,3792,3794,3796,3798],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3783,62],{"class":61},[55,3785,66],{"class":65},[55,3787,70],{"class":69},[55,3789,74],{"class":73},[55,3791,77],{"class":69},[55,3793,80],{"class":73},[55,3795,77],{"class":69},[55,3797,111],{"class":73},[55,3799,88],{"class":69},[55,3801,3802,3804,3806,3809,3811,3813],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,3803,1255],{"class":61},[55,3805,66],{"class":65},[55,3807,3808],{"class":120}," all",[55,3810,103],{"class":69},[55,3812,94],{"class":99},[55,3814,114],{"class":69},[55,3816,3817,3819,3821,3823,3826],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,3818,121],{"class":120},[55,3820,103],{"class":69},[55,3822,1288],{"class":99},[55,3824,3825],{"class":69},")",[55,3827,3828],{"class":133},"  # True\n",[20,3830,3831,2558,3833,3835,3836,44],{},[15,3832,3743],{},[15,3834,3769],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3837,3838],{},"False",[142,3840,145,3842,148],{"id":3841},"what-all-does",[15,3843,3743],{},[20,3845,3846,153],{},[15,3847,3743],{},[155,3849,3850,3853,3859,3864],{},[158,3851,3852],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[158,3854,3855,3856,3858],{},"returns ",[15,3857,3769],{}," if all items are truthy",[158,3860,3855,3861,3863],{},[15,3862,3838],{}," if any item is falsy",[158,3865,3866],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3868,3869],{},"Basic syntax:",[46,3871,3873],{"className":48,"code":3872,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3874,3875],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3876,3877,3880,3882,3885],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3878,3879],{"class":120},"all",[55,3881,103],{"class":69},[55,3883,3884],{"class":99},"iterable",[55,3886,114],{"class":69},[20,3888,3889],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[142,3891,3893],{"id":3892},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3895,3896,3897,3041,3899,3901],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3898,3769],{},[15,3900,3838],{}," in conditions.",[155,3903,3904,3912],{},[158,3905,3906,3909,3910],{},[1966,3907,3908],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3911,3769],{},[158,3913,3914,3909,3917],{},[1966,3915,3916],{},"Falsy",[15,3918,3838],{},[20,3920,3921],{},"Common falsy values include:",[155,3923,3924,3928,3933,3938,3942,3946,3951,3956],{},[158,3925,3926],{},[15,3927,227],{},[158,3929,3930],{},[15,3931,3932],{},"0.0",[158,3934,3935],{},[15,3936,3937],{},"''",[158,3939,3940],{},[15,3941,172],{},[158,3943,3944],{},[15,3945,3838],{},[158,3947,3948],{},[15,3949,3950],{},"[]",[158,3952,3953],{},[15,3954,3955],{},"{}",[158,3957,3958],{},[15,3959,3960],{},"set()",[20,3962,3963],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3965,3966,3967,44],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[36,3968,3970],{"href":3969},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3972,3973,3974,153],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3975,3976],{},"bool()",[46,3978,3980],{"className":48,"code":3979,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3981,3982,4019,4023],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3983,3984,3987,3989,3991,3993,3995,3998,4000,4003,4005,4007,4010,4012,4014,4017],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3985,3986],{"class":61},"values ",[55,3988,66],{"class":65},[55,3990,70],{"class":69},[55,3992,74],{"class":73},[55,3994,77],{"class":69},[55,3996,3997],{"class":73}," 0",[55,3999,77],{"class":69},[55,4001,4002],{"class":247}," ''",[55,4004,77],{"class":69},[55,4006,324],{"class":247},[55,4008,4009],{"class":251},"hello",[55,4011,315],{"class":247},[55,4013,77],{"class":69},[55,4015,4016],{"class":1312}," None",[55,4018,88],{"class":69},[55,4020,4021],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,4022,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,4024,4025,4027,4029,4032,4034,4036,4038,4042,4045,4048,4051],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,4026,121],{"class":120},[55,4028,3149],{"class":69},[55,4030,4031],{"class":1898},"bool",[55,4033,103],{"class":69},[55,4035,2336],{"class":99},[55,4037,3825],{"class":69},[55,4039,4041],{"class":4040},"sVHd0"," for",[55,4043,4044],{"class":99}," x ",[55,4046,4047],{"class":4040},"in",[55,4049,4050],{"class":99}," values",[55,4052,1777],{"class":69},[20,4054,302],{},[46,4056,4058],{"className":48,"code":4057,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4059,4060],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4061,4062,4064,4066,4068,4071,4073,4075,4077,4080,4082,4084],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4063,312],{"class":69},[55,4065,3769],{"class":1312},[55,4067,77],{"class":69},[55,4069,4070],{"class":1312}," False",[55,4072,77],{"class":69},[55,4074,4070],{"class":1312},[55,4076,77],{"class":69},[55,4078,4079],{"class":1312}," True",[55,4081,77],{"class":69},[55,4083,4070],{"class":1312},[55,4085,88],{"class":69},[20,4087,4088,4089,4091],{},"This matters because ",[15,4090,3743],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[142,4093,4095],{"id":4094},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[577,4097,4099],{"id":4098},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[46,4101,4103],{"className":48,"code":4102,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4104,4105,4125],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4106,4107,4109,4111,4113,4115,4117,4119,4121,4123],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4108,62],{"class":61},[55,4110,66],{"class":65},[55,4112,70],{"class":69},[55,4114,74],{"class":73},[55,4116,77],{"class":69},[55,4118,80],{"class":73},[55,4120,77],{"class":69},[55,4122,111],{"class":73},[55,4124,88],{"class":69},[55,4126,4127,4129,4131,4133,4135,4137],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,4128,121],{"class":120},[55,4130,103],{"class":69},[55,4132,3879],{"class":120},[55,4134,103],{"class":69},[55,4136,94],{"class":99},[55,4138,1867],{"class":69},[20,4140,302],{},[46,4142,4144],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\n",[15,4145,4146],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4147,4148],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4149,4143],{"class":1312},[20,4151,4152,4153,2558,4155,44],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4154,3743],{},[15,4156,3769],{},[577,4158,4160],{"id":4159},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[46,4162,4164],{"className":48,"code":4163,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4165,4166,4186],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4167,4168,4170,4172,4174,4176,4178,4180,4182,4184],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4169,62],{"class":61},[55,4171,66],{"class":65},[55,4173,70],{"class":69},[55,4175,74],{"class":73},[55,4177,77],{"class":69},[55,4179,3997],{"class":73},[55,4181,77],{"class":69},[55,4183,111],{"class":73},[55,4185,88],{"class":69},[55,4187,4188,4190,4192,4194,4196,4198],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,4189,121],{"class":120},[55,4191,103],{"class":69},[55,4193,3879],{"class":120},[55,4195,103],{"class":69},[55,4197,94],{"class":99},[55,4199,1867],{"class":69},[20,4201,302],{},[46,4203,4205],{"className":48,"code":4204,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"False\n",[15,4206,4207],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4208,4209],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4210,4204],{"class":1312},[20,4212,4213,4214,4216,4217,2558,4219,44],{},"The value ",[15,4215,227],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4218,3743],{},[15,4220,3838],{},[577,4222,4224],{"id":4223},"example-strings","Example: strings",[46,4226,4228],{"className":48,"code":4227,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4229,4230,4264],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4231,4232,4235,4237,4239,4241,4243,4245,4247,4249,4251,4253,4255,4257,4260,4262],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4233,4234],{"class":61},"words ",[55,4236,66],{"class":65},[55,4238,70],{"class":69},[55,4240,315],{"class":247},[55,4242,1035],{"class":251},[55,4244,315],{"class":247},[55,4246,77],{"class":69},[55,4248,324],{"class":247},[55,4250,1072],{"class":251},[55,4252,315],{"class":247},[55,4254,77],{"class":69},[55,4256,324],{"class":247},[55,4258,4259],{"class":251},"cherry",[55,4261,315],{"class":247},[55,4263,88],{"class":69},[55,4265,4266,4268,4270,4272,4274,4277],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,4267,121],{"class":120},[55,4269,103],{"class":69},[55,4271,3879],{"class":120},[55,4273,103],{"class":69},[55,4275,4276],{"class":99},"words",[55,4278,1867],{"class":69},[20,4280,302],{},[46,4282,4283],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,4284,4285],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4286,4287],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4288,4143],{"class":1312},[20,4290,4291],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4293,4294],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[46,4296,4298],{"className":48,"code":4297,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4299,4300,4328],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4301,4302,4304,4306,4308,4310,4312,4314,4316,4318,4320,4322,4324,4326],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4303,4234],{"class":61},[55,4305,66],{"class":65},[55,4307,70],{"class":69},[55,4309,315],{"class":247},[55,4311,1035],{"class":251},[55,4313,315],{"class":247},[55,4315,77],{"class":69},[55,4317,4002],{"class":247},[55,4319,77],{"class":69},[55,4321,324],{"class":247},[55,4323,4259],{"class":251},[55,4325,315],{"class":247},[55,4327,88],{"class":69},[55,4329,4330,4332,4334,4336,4338,4340],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,4331,121],{"class":120},[55,4333,103],{"class":69},[55,4335,3879],{"class":120},[55,4337,103],{"class":69},[55,4339,4276],{"class":99},[55,4341,1867],{"class":69},[20,4343,302],{},[46,4345,4346],{"className":48,"code":4204,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,4347,4348],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4349,4350],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4351,4204],{"class":1312},[20,4353,4354,4355,4357],{},"The empty string ",[15,4356,3937],{}," is falsy.",[142,4359,4361,4362,4364],{"id":4360},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4363,3743],{}," works with conditions",[20,4366,4367,4369],{},[15,4368,3743],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4371,4372],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4374,4375],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[46,4377,4379],{"className":48,"code":4378,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4380,4381,4401,4428,4432],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4382,4383,4385,4387,4389,4391,4393,4395,4397,4399],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4384,62],{"class":61},[55,4386,66],{"class":65},[55,4388,70],{"class":69},[55,4390,74],{"class":73},[55,4392,77],{"class":69},[55,4394,80],{"class":73},[55,4396,77],{"class":69},[55,4398,111],{"class":73},[55,4400,88],{"class":69},[55,4402,4403,4405,4407,4409,4411,4413,4416,4418,4420,4422,4424,4426],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,4404,1255],{"class":61},[55,4406,66],{"class":65},[55,4408,3808],{"class":120},[55,4410,103],{"class":69},[55,4412,3188],{"class":99},[55,4414,4415],{"class":65},">",[55,4417,3997],{"class":73},[55,4419,4041],{"class":4040},[55,4421,4044],{"class":99},[55,4423,4047],{"class":4040},[55,4425,1260],{"class":99},[55,4427,114],{"class":69},[55,4429,4430],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,4431,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,4433,4434,4436,4438,4440],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,4435,121],{"class":120},[55,4437,103],{"class":69},[55,4439,1288],{"class":99},[55,4441,114],{"class":69},[20,4443,302],{},[46,4445,4446],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,4447,4448],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4449,4450],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4451,4143],{"class":1312},[20,4453,4454],{},"Here is one that fails:",[46,4456,4458],{"className":48,"code":4457,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4459,4460,4482,4508,4512],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4461,4462,4464,4466,4468,4470,4472,4474,4476,4478,4480],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4463,62],{"class":61},[55,4465,66],{"class":65},[55,4467,70],{"class":69},[55,4469,74],{"class":73},[55,4471,77],{"class":69},[55,4473,2385],{"class":65},[55,4475,106],{"class":73},[55,4477,77],{"class":69},[55,4479,111],{"class":73},[55,4481,88],{"class":69},[55,4483,4484,4486,4488,4490,4492,4494,4496,4498,4500,4502,4504,4506],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,4485,1255],{"class":61},[55,4487,66],{"class":65},[55,4489,3808],{"class":120},[55,4491,103],{"class":69},[55,4493,3188],{"class":99},[55,4495,4415],{"class":65},[55,4497,3997],{"class":73},[55,4499,4041],{"class":4040},[55,4501,4044],{"class":99},[55,4503,4047],{"class":4040},[55,4505,1260],{"class":99},[55,4507,114],{"class":69},[55,4509,4510],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,4511,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,4513,4514,4516,4518,4520],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,4515,121],{"class":120},[55,4517,103],{"class":69},[55,4519,1288],{"class":99},[55,4521,114],{"class":69},[20,4523,302],{},[46,4525,4526],{"className":48,"code":4204,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,4527,4528],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4529,4530],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4531,4204],{"class":1312},[20,4533,4534,4535,4538,4539,4541,4542,2558,4544,44],{},"The expression ",[15,4536,4537],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4540,3769],{},", then ",[15,4543,3743],{},[15,4545,3769],{},[20,4547,4548],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4550,4551,4552,352,4556,44],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[36,4553,4555],{"href":4554},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[36,4557,4559],{"href":4558},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[142,4561,4563],{"id":4562},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4565,4566,2558,4568,44],{},[15,4567,3766],{},[15,4569,3769],{},[20,4571,4572],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4574,230],{},[46,4576,4578],{"className":48,"code":4577,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4579,4580],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4581,4582,4584,4586,4588],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4583,121],{"class":120},[55,4585,103],{"class":69},[55,4587,3879],{"class":120},[55,4589,4590],{"class":69},"([]))\n",[20,4592,302],{},[46,4594,4595],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,4596,4597],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4598,4599],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4600,4143],{"class":1312},[20,4602,4603],{},"Why?",[20,4605,4606],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4608,4609],{},"Think of it this way:",[155,4611,4612,4619,4622],{},[158,4613,4614,2558,4616,4618],{},[15,4615,3743],{},[15,4617,3838],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[158,4620,4621],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[158,4623,4624,4625],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4626,3838],{},[20,4628,4629],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4631,4632],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[46,4634,4636],{"className":48,"code":4635,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4637,4638,4649],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4639,4640,4642,4644,4646],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4641,121],{"class":120},[55,4643,103],{"class":69},[55,4645,3879],{"class":120},[55,4647,4648],{"class":69},"(()))\n",[55,4650,4651,4653,4655,4657,4659,4661],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,4652,121],{"class":120},[55,4654,103],{"class":69},[55,4656,3879],{"class":120},[55,4658,103],{"class":69},[55,4660,3937],{"class":247},[55,4662,1867],{"class":69},[20,4664,302],{},[46,4666,4668],{"className":48,"code":4667,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4669,4670,4674],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4671,4672],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4673,4143],{"class":1312},[55,4675,4676],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,4677,4143],{"class":1312},[142,4679,1211],{"id":1210},[577,4681,4683],{"id":4682},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4685,4686],{},"This is wrong:",[46,4688,4690],{"className":48,"code":4689,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4691,4692,4697],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4693,4694],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4695,4696],{"class":133},"# Wrong\n",[55,4698,4699],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,4700,4701],{"class":133},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4703,4704,4706],{},[15,4705,3743],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4708,4709],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[46,4711,4713],{"className":48,"code":4712,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4714,4715],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4716,4717,4719,4721,4723,4725,4727,4729,4731,4733,4735],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4718,121],{"class":120},[55,4720,103],{"class":69},[55,4722,3879],{"class":120},[55,4724,3149],{"class":69},[55,4726,74],{"class":73},[55,4728,77],{"class":69},[55,4730,80],{"class":73},[55,4732,77],{"class":69},[55,4734,111],{"class":73},[55,4736,3162],{"class":69},[577,4738,4740,4741,4743],{"id":4739},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4742,3743],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4745,4746],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[46,4748,4750],{"className":48,"code":4749,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4751,4752,4773],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4753,4754,4756,4758,4760,4762,4764,4767,4769,4771],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4755,62],{"class":61},[55,4757,66],{"class":65},[55,4759,70],{"class":69},[55,4761,2297],{"class":73},[55,4763,77],{"class":69},[55,4765,4766],{"class":73}," 5",[55,4768,77],{"class":69},[55,4770,4766],{"class":73},[55,4772,88],{"class":69},[55,4774,4775,4777,4779,4781,4783,4785],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,4776,121],{"class":120},[55,4778,103],{"class":69},[55,4780,3879],{"class":120},[55,4782,103],{"class":69},[55,4784,94],{"class":99},[55,4786,1867],{"class":69},[20,4788,4789,4790,4792],{},"This does ",[1966,4791,1968],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4794,4795,4796,4798],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4797,2297],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[46,4800,4801],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,4802,4803],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4804,4805],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4806,4143],{"class":1312},[20,4808,4809],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[46,4811,4813],{"className":48,"code":4812,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4814,4815,4835],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4816,4817,4819,4821,4823,4825,4827,4829,4831,4833],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4818,62],{"class":61},[55,4820,66],{"class":65},[55,4822,70],{"class":69},[55,4824,2297],{"class":73},[55,4826,77],{"class":69},[55,4828,4766],{"class":73},[55,4830,77],{"class":69},[55,4832,4766],{"class":73},[55,4834,88],{"class":69},[55,4836,4837,4839,4841,4843,4845,4847,4850,4852,4854,4856,4858,4860],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,4838,121],{"class":120},[55,4840,103],{"class":69},[55,4842,3879],{"class":120},[55,4844,103],{"class":69},[55,4846,3188],{"class":99},[55,4848,4849],{"class":65},"==",[55,4851,4766],{"class":73},[55,4853,4041],{"class":4040},[55,4855,4044],{"class":99},[55,4857,4047],{"class":4040},[55,4859,1260],{"class":99},[55,4861,1867],{"class":69},[577,4863,4865,4866,4868],{"id":4864},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4867,227],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[46,4870,4872],{"className":48,"code":4871,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4873,4874,4900],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4875,4876,4878,4880,4882,4884,4886,4888,4890,4892,4894,4897],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4877,121],{"class":120},[55,4879,103],{"class":69},[55,4881,3879],{"class":120},[55,4883,3149],{"class":69},[55,4885,74],{"class":73},[55,4887,77],{"class":69},[55,4889,80],{"class":73},[55,4891,77],{"class":69},[55,4893,3997],{"class":73},[55,4895,4896],{"class":69},"]))",[55,4898,4899],{"class":133},"       # False\n",[55,4901,4902,4904,4906,4908,4910,4912,4914,4916,4918,4920,4922,4924,4926,4928,4930],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,4903,121],{"class":120},[55,4905,103],{"class":69},[55,4907,3879],{"class":120},[55,4909,3149],{"class":69},[55,4911,315],{"class":247},[55,4913,36],{"class":251},[55,4915,315],{"class":247},[55,4917,77],{"class":69},[55,4919,324],{"class":247},[55,4921,285],{"class":251},[55,4923,315],{"class":247},[55,4925,77],{"class":69},[55,4927,4002],{"class":247},[55,4929,4896],{"class":69},[55,4931,4932],{"class":133},"  # False\n",[20,4934,4935,4936,44],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4937,3838],{},[577,4939,4941,4942,4944,4945],{"id":4940},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4943,3766],{}," is ",[15,4946,3769],{},[20,4948,4949],{},"This is expected behavior:",[46,4951,4953],{"className":48,"code":4952,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4954,4955],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4956,4957,4959,4961,4963,4966],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4958,121],{"class":120},[55,4960,103],{"class":69},[55,4962,3879],{"class":120},[55,4964,4965],{"class":69},"([]))",[55,4967,3828],{"class":133},[20,4969,4970,4971,4973],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4972,3769],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4975,4976],{},"Useful quick tests:",[46,4978,4980],{"className":48,"code":4979,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4981,4982,5004,5026,5073,5109],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4983,4984,4986,4988,4990,4992,4994,4996,4998,5000,5002],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4985,121],{"class":120},[55,4987,103],{"class":69},[55,4989,3879],{"class":120},[55,4991,3149],{"class":69},[55,4993,74],{"class":73},[55,4995,77],{"class":69},[55,4997,80],{"class":73},[55,4999,77],{"class":69},[55,5001,111],{"class":73},[55,5003,3162],{"class":69},[55,5005,5006,5008,5010,5012,5014,5016,5018,5020,5022,5024],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,5007,121],{"class":120},[55,5009,103],{"class":69},[55,5011,3879],{"class":120},[55,5013,3149],{"class":69},[55,5015,74],{"class":73},[55,5017,77],{"class":69},[55,5019,3997],{"class":73},[55,5021,77],{"class":69},[55,5023,111],{"class":73},[55,5025,3162],{"class":69},[55,5027,5028,5030,5032,5034,5036,5038,5040,5042,5044,5046,5048,5050,5052,5054,5056,5058,5060,5062,5064,5066,5068,5070],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,5029,121],{"class":120},[55,5031,3149],{"class":69},[55,5033,4031],{"class":1898},[55,5035,103],{"class":69},[55,5037,2336],{"class":99},[55,5039,3825],{"class":69},[55,5041,4041],{"class":4040},[55,5043,4044],{"class":99},[55,5045,4047],{"class":4040},[55,5047,70],{"class":69},[55,5049,74],{"class":73},[55,5051,77],{"class":69},[55,5053,3997],{"class":73},[55,5055,77],{"class":69},[55,5057,4002],{"class":247},[55,5059,77],{"class":69},[55,5061,324],{"class":247},[55,5063,4009],{"class":251},[55,5065,315],{"class":247},[55,5067,77],{"class":69},[55,5069,4016],{"class":1312},[55,5071,5072],{"class":69},"]])\n",[55,5074,5075,5077,5079,5081,5083,5085,5087,5089,5091,5093,5095,5097,5099,5101,5103,5105,5107],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,5076,121],{"class":120},[55,5078,103],{"class":69},[55,5080,3879],{"class":120},[55,5082,103],{"class":69},[55,5084,3188],{"class":99},[55,5086,4415],{"class":65},[55,5088,3997],{"class":73},[55,5090,4041],{"class":4040},[55,5092,4044],{"class":99},[55,5094,4047],{"class":4040},[55,5096,70],{"class":69},[55,5098,74],{"class":73},[55,5100,77],{"class":69},[55,5102,80],{"class":73},[55,5104,77],{"class":69},[55,5106,111],{"class":73},[55,5108,3162],{"class":69},[55,5110,5111,5113,5115,5117],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,5112,121],{"class":120},[55,5114,103],{"class":69},[55,5116,3879],{"class":120},[55,5118,4590],{"class":69},[142,5120,1937,5122],{"id":5121},"when-to-use-all",[15,5123,3743],{},[20,5125,5126,5128],{},[15,5127,3743],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5130,5131],{},"Common use cases:",[155,5133,5134,5137,5140],{},[158,5135,5136],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[158,5138,5139],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[158,5141,5142],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5144,5145],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[46,5147,5149],{"className":48,"code":5148,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5150,5151,5187],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5152,5153,5156,5158,5160,5162,5165,5167,5169,5171,5174,5176,5178,5180,5183,5185],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5154,5155],{"class":61},"names ",[55,5157,66],{"class":65},[55,5159,70],{"class":69},[55,5161,315],{"class":247},[55,5163,5164],{"class":251},"Alice",[55,5166,315],{"class":247},[55,5168,77],{"class":69},[55,5170,324],{"class":247},[55,5172,5173],{"class":251},"Bob",[55,5175,315],{"class":247},[55,5177,77],{"class":69},[55,5179,324],{"class":247},[55,5181,5182],{"class":251},"Charlie",[55,5184,315],{"class":247},[55,5186,88],{"class":69},[55,5188,5189,5191,5193,5195,5197,5200],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,5190,121],{"class":120},[55,5192,103],{"class":69},[55,5194,3879],{"class":120},[55,5196,103],{"class":69},[55,5198,5199],{"class":99},"names",[55,5201,1867],{"class":69},[20,5203,302],{},[46,5205,5206],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,5207,5208],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5209,5210],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5211,4143],{"class":1312},[20,5213,5214],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[46,5216,5218],{"className":48,"code":5217,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5219,5220,5244],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5221,5222,5225,5227,5229,5232,5234,5237,5239,5242],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5223,5224],{"class":61},"scores ",[55,5226,66],{"class":65},[55,5228,70],{"class":69},[55,5230,5231],{"class":73},"75",[55,5233,77],{"class":69},[55,5235,5236],{"class":73}," 80",[55,5238,77],{"class":69},[55,5240,5241],{"class":73}," 50",[55,5243,88],{"class":69},[55,5245,5246,5248,5250,5252,5254,5257,5260,5262,5264,5267,5269,5272],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,5247,121],{"class":120},[55,5249,103],{"class":69},[55,5251,3879],{"class":120},[55,5253,103],{"class":69},[55,5255,5256],{"class":99},"score ",[55,5258,5259],{"class":65},">=",[55,5261,5241],{"class":73},[55,5263,4041],{"class":4040},[55,5265,5266],{"class":99}," score ",[55,5268,4047],{"class":4040},[55,5270,5271],{"class":99}," scores",[55,5273,1867],{"class":69},[20,5275,302],{},[46,5277,5278],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,5279,5280],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5281,5282],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5283,4143],{"class":1312},[20,5285,5286],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5288,5289,5290,352,5294,44],{},"For related tasks, see ",[36,5291,5293],{"href":5292},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[36,5295,5297],{"href":5296},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[142,5299,1986],{"id":1985},[577,5301,5303,5304,5306],{"id":5302},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5305,3743],{}," return in Python?",[20,5308,5309,5310,5312,5313,5315],{},"It returns ",[15,5311,3769],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5314,3838],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[577,5317,5319,5320,5322,5323,2027],{"id":5318},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5321,3766],{}," return ",[15,5324,3769],{},[20,5326,5327],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[577,5329,2009,5331,5333],{"id":5330},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,5332,3743],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5335,5336],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[577,5338,2022,5340,352,5342,2027],{"id":5339},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5341,3743],{},[15,5343,5344],{},"any()",[20,5346,5347,5349,5350,5352,5353,44],{},[15,5348,3743],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5351,5344],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[36,5354,3740,5356,3673],{"href":5355},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5357,5344],{},[142,5359,2039],{"id":2038},[155,5361,5362,5368,5372,5377,5382,5387],{},[158,5363,5364],{},[36,5365,3740,5366,3673],{"href":5355},[15,5367,5344],{},[158,5369,5370],{},[36,5371,3970],{"href":3969},[158,5373,5374],{},[36,5375,5376],{"href":5296},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[158,5378,5379],{},[36,5380,5381],{"href":5292},"How to filter a list in Python",[158,5383,5384],{},[36,5385,5386],{"href":4554},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[158,5388,5389],{},[36,5390,5391],{"href":4558},"What is an iterable in Python",[2080,5393,5394],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":5396},[5397,5398,5400,5401,5406,5408,5409,5418,5420,5430],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":3841,"depth":91,"text":5399},"What all() does",{"id":3892,"depth":91,"text":3893},{"id":4094,"depth":91,"text":4095,"children":5402},[5403,5404,5405],{"id":4098,"depth":117,"text":4099},{"id":4159,"depth":117,"text":4160},{"id":4223,"depth":117,"text":4224},{"id":4360,"depth":91,"text":5407},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4562,"depth":91,"text":4563},{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":5410},[5411,5412,5414,5416],{"id":4682,"depth":117,"text":4683},{"id":4739,"depth":117,"text":5413},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4864,"depth":117,"text":5415},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4940,"depth":117,"text":5417},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5121,"depth":91,"text":5419},"When to use all()",{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":5421},[5422,5424,5426,5428],{"id":5302,"depth":117,"text":5423},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5318,"depth":117,"text":5425},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5330,"depth":117,"text":5427},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5339,"depth":117,"text":5429},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3734,"description":5431},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5438,"title":5439,"body":5440,"description":7127,"extension":2124,"meta":7128,"navigation":428,"path":5355,"seo":7129,"stem":7130,"__hash__":7131},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5441,"toc":7105},[5442,5445,5453,5456,5473,5481,5525,5534,5538,5543,5546,5563,5566,5577,5589,5591,5594,5609,5614,5617,5629,5632,5716,5719,5740,5746,5748,5756,5770,5772,5806,5808,5811,5872,5874,5891,5894,5921,5923,5931,5943,5945,5948,5987,5989,5997,5999,6015,6023,6026,6069,6071,6079,6084,6088,6096,6099,6126,6129,6132,6206,6208,6216,6223,6247,6258,6261,6340,6342,6350,6357,6361,6366,6381,6383,6391,6394,6400,6403,6449,6451,6468,6472,6477,6488,6491,6605,6608,6667,6673,6675,6680,6684,6686,6705,6711,6714,6733,6737,6746,6773,6775,6783,6791,6795,6801,6824,6826,6834,6841,6845,6848,6899,6902,6953,6956,6958,6962,6969,6973,6980,6984,6992,6996,6999,7021,7023,7073,7075,7102],[10,5443,5439],{"id":5444},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5446,5447,5449,5450,44],{},[15,5448,5344],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[1966,5451,5452],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5454,5455],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[155,5457,5458,5461,5464,5467,5470],{},[158,5459,5460],{},"lists",[158,5462,5463],{},"tuples",[158,5465,5466],{},"sets",[158,5468,5469],{},"strings",[158,5471,5472],{},"generator expressions",[20,5474,5475,5476,3041,5478,5480],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5477,3769],{},[15,5479,3838],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[46,5482,5484],{"className":48,"code":5483,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5485,5486,5506],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5487,5488,5490,5492,5494,5496,5498,5500,5502,5504],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5489,3986],{"class":61},[55,5491,66],{"class":65},[55,5493,70],{"class":69},[55,5495,227],{"class":73},[55,5497,77],{"class":69},[55,5499,4002],{"class":247},[55,5501,77],{"class":69},[55,5503,4766],{"class":73},[55,5505,88],{"class":69},[55,5507,5508,5510,5512,5515,5517,5520,5523],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,5509,121],{"class":120},[55,5511,103],{"class":69},[55,5513,5514],{"class":120},"any",[55,5516,103],{"class":69},[55,5518,5519],{"class":99},"values",[55,5521,5522],{"class":69},"))",[55,5524,3828],{"class":133},[20,5526,31,5527,5530,5531,5533],{},[15,5528,5529],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5532,3769],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[142,5535,5537],{"id":5536},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5539,5540,5542],{},[15,5541,5344],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5544,5545],{},"It returns:",[155,5547,5548,5553,5558],{},[158,5549,5550,5552],{},[15,5551,3769],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[158,5554,5555,5557],{},[15,5556,3838],{}," if all items are falsy",[158,5559,5560,5562],{},[15,5561,3838],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5564,5565],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[155,5567,5568,5571,5574],{},[158,5569,5570],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[158,5572,5573],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[158,5575,5576],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5578,5579,5580,5583,5584,44],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[1966,5581,5582],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[36,5585,5587],{"href":5586},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5588,3743],{},[142,5590,182],{"id":181},[20,5592,5593],{},"The syntax is simple:",[46,5595,5597],{"className":48,"code":5596,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5598,5599],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5600,5601,5603,5605,5607],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5602,5514],{"class":120},[55,5604,103],{"class":69},[55,5606,3884],{"class":99},[55,5608,114],{"class":69},[20,5610,5611,5612,44],{},"The argument must be an ",[1966,5613,3884],{},[20,5615,5616],{},"Common inputs include:",[155,5618,5619,5621,5623,5625,5627],{},[158,5620,5460],{},[158,5622,5463],{},[158,5624,5466],{},[158,5626,5469],{},[158,5628,5472],{},[20,5630,5631],{},"For example:",[46,5633,5635],{"className":48,"code":5634,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5636,5637,5659,5678,5698],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5638,5639,5641,5643,5645,5647,5649,5651,5653,5655,5657],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5640,121],{"class":120},[55,5642,103],{"class":69},[55,5644,5514],{"class":120},[55,5646,3149],{"class":69},[55,5648,227],{"class":73},[55,5650,77],{"class":69},[55,5652,3997],{"class":73},[55,5654,77],{"class":69},[55,5656,630],{"class":73},[55,5658,3162],{"class":69},[55,5660,5661,5663,5665,5667,5670,5672,5674,5676],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,5662,121],{"class":120},[55,5664,103],{"class":69},[55,5666,5514],{"class":120},[55,5668,5669],{"class":69},"((",[55,5671,3838],{"class":1312},[55,5673,77],{"class":69},[55,5675,4070],{"class":1312},[55,5677,3075],{"class":69},[55,5679,5680,5682,5684,5686,5689,5691,5693,5695],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,5681,121],{"class":120},[55,5683,103],{"class":69},[55,5685,5514],{"class":120},[55,5687,5688],{"class":69},"({",[55,5690,227],{"class":73},[55,5692,77],{"class":69},[55,5694,80],{"class":73},[55,5696,5697],{"class":69},"}))\n",[55,5699,5700,5702,5704,5706,5708,5710,5712,5714],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,5701,121],{"class":120},[55,5703,103],{"class":69},[55,5705,5514],{"class":120},[55,5707,103],{"class":69},[55,5709,248],{"class":247},[55,5711,4009],{"class":251},[55,5713,248],{"class":247},[55,5715,1867],{"class":69},[20,5717,5718],{},"Expected output:",[46,5720,5722],{"className":48,"code":5721,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5723,5724,5728,5732,5736],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5725,5726],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5727,4143],{"class":1312},[55,5729,5730],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,5731,4204],{"class":1312},[55,5733,5734],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,5735,4143],{"class":1312},[55,5737,5738],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,5739,4143],{"class":1312},[20,5741,5742,5743,44],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[36,5744,5297],{"href":5745},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[142,5747,3893],{"id":3892},[20,5749,3896,5750,3041,5753,3901],{},[1966,5751,5752],{},"truthy",[1966,5754,5755],{},"falsy",[155,5757,5758,5764],{},[158,5759,5760,3909,5762],{},[1966,5761,3908],{},[15,5763,3769],{},[158,5765,5766,3909,5768],{},[1966,5767,3916],{},[15,5769,3838],{},[20,5771,3921],{},[155,5773,5774,5778,5782,5786,5790,5794,5798,5802],{},[158,5775,5776],{},[15,5777,3838],{},[158,5779,5780],{},[15,5781,227],{},[158,5783,5784],{},[15,5785,3932],{},[158,5787,5788],{},[15,5789,3937],{},[158,5791,5792],{},[15,5793,3950],{},[158,5795,5796],{},[15,5797,3955],{},[158,5799,5800],{},[15,5801,3960],{},[158,5803,5804],{},[15,5805,172],{},[20,5807,3963],{},[20,5809,5810],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[46,5812,5814],{"className":48,"code":5813,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5815,5816,5830,5848],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5817,5818,5820,5822,5824,5826,5828],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5819,121],{"class":120},[55,5821,103],{"class":69},[55,5823,5514],{"class":120},[55,5825,3149],{"class":69},[55,5827,74],{"class":73},[55,5829,3162],{"class":69},[55,5831,5832,5834,5836,5838,5840,5842,5844,5846],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,5833,121],{"class":120},[55,5835,103],{"class":69},[55,5837,5514],{"class":120},[55,5839,3149],{"class":69},[55,5841,315],{"class":247},[55,5843,4009],{"class":251},[55,5845,315],{"class":247},[55,5847,3162],{"class":69},[55,5849,5850,5852,5854,5856,5859,5861,5863,5865,5867,5869],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,5851,121],{"class":120},[55,5853,103],{"class":69},[55,5855,5514],{"class":120},[55,5857,5858],{"class":69},"([[",[55,5860,74],{"class":73},[55,5862,77],{"class":69},[55,5864,80],{"class":73},[55,5866,77],{"class":69},[55,5868,111],{"class":73},[55,5870,5871],{"class":69},"]]))\n",[20,5873,5718],{},[46,5875,5877],{"className":48,"code":5876,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5878,5879,5883,5887],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5880,5881],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5882,4143],{"class":1312},[55,5884,5885],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,5886,4143],{"class":1312},[55,5888,5889],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,5890,4143],{"class":1312},[20,5892,5893],{},"And these are all falsy:",[46,5895,5897],{"className":48,"code":5896,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5898,5899],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5900,5901,5903,5905,5907,5909,5911,5913,5915,5917,5919],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5902,121],{"class":120},[55,5904,103],{"class":69},[55,5906,5514],{"class":120},[55,5908,3149],{"class":69},[55,5910,227],{"class":73},[55,5912,77],{"class":69},[55,5914,4002],{"class":247},[55,5916,77],{"class":69},[55,5918,4016],{"class":1312},[55,5920,3162],{"class":69},[20,5922,5718],{},[46,5924,5925],{"className":48,"code":4204,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,5926,5927],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5928,5929],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5930,4204],{"class":1312},[20,5932,5933,5934,352,5937,44],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[36,5935,3970],{"href":5936},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[36,5938,5940,5942],{"href":5939},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5941,3976],{}," explained",[142,5944,359],{"id":358},[20,5946,5947],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[46,5949,5951],{"className":48,"code":5950,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5952,5953,5973],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5954,5955,5957,5959,5961,5963,5965,5967,5969,5971],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5956,3986],{"class":61},[55,5958,66],{"class":65},[55,5960,70],{"class":69},[55,5962,227],{"class":73},[55,5964,77],{"class":69},[55,5966,4002],{"class":247},[55,5968,77],{"class":69},[55,5970,4766],{"class":73},[55,5972,88],{"class":69},[55,5974,5975,5977,5979,5981,5983,5985],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,5976,121],{"class":120},[55,5978,103],{"class":69},[55,5980,5514],{"class":120},[55,5982,103],{"class":69},[55,5984,5519],{"class":99},[55,5986,1867],{"class":69},[20,5988,302],{},[46,5990,5991],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,5992,5993],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5994,5995],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5996,4143],{"class":1312},[20,5998,4603],{},[155,6000,6001,6006,6010],{},[158,6002,6003,6005],{},[15,6004,227],{}," is falsy",[158,6007,6008,6005],{},[15,6009,3937],{},[158,6011,6012,6014],{},[15,6013,2297],{}," is truthy",[20,6016,6017,6018,2558,6021,44],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6019,6020],{},"any(values)",[15,6022,3769],{},[20,6024,6025],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[46,6027,6029],{"className":48,"code":6028,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6030,6031,6055],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6032,6033,6035,6037,6039,6041,6043,6045,6047,6049,6051,6053],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6034,3986],{"class":61},[55,6036,66],{"class":65},[55,6038,70],{"class":69},[55,6040,227],{"class":73},[55,6042,77],{"class":69},[55,6044,4002],{"class":247},[55,6046,77],{"class":69},[55,6048,4016],{"class":1312},[55,6050,77],{"class":69},[55,6052,4070],{"class":1312},[55,6054,88],{"class":69},[55,6056,6057,6059,6061,6063,6065,6067],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,6058,121],{"class":120},[55,6060,103],{"class":69},[55,6062,5514],{"class":120},[55,6064,103],{"class":69},[55,6066,5519],{"class":99},[55,6068,1867],{"class":69},[20,6070,302],{},[46,6072,6073],{"className":48,"code":4204,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,6074,6075],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6076,6077],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6078,4204],{"class":1312},[20,6080,6081,6082,44],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6083,3838],{},[142,6085,6087],{"id":6086},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6089,6090,6092,6093,44],{},[15,6091,5344],{}," is often used with a ",[1966,6094,6095],{},"generator expression",[20,6097,6098],{},"This is a common pattern:",[46,6100,6102],{"className":48,"code":6101,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6103,6104],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6105,6106,6108,6110,6113,6116,6119,6121,6124],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6107,5514],{"class":120},[55,6109,103],{"class":69},[55,6111,6112],{"class":99},"condition ",[55,6114,6115],{"class":4040},"for",[55,6117,6118],{"class":99}," item ",[55,6120,4047],{"class":4040},[55,6122,6123],{"class":99}," items",[55,6125,114],{"class":69},[20,6127,6128],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6130,6131],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[46,6133,6135],{"className":48,"code":6134,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6136,6137,6165,6169,6196],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6138,6139,6141,6143,6145,6147,6149,6152,6154,6156,6158,6160,6163],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6140,62],{"class":61},[55,6142,66],{"class":65},[55,6144,70],{"class":69},[55,6146,2665],{"class":73},[55,6148,77],{"class":69},[55,6150,6151],{"class":73}," 7",[55,6153,77],{"class":69},[55,6155,2385],{"class":65},[55,6157,106],{"class":73},[55,6159,77],{"class":69},[55,6161,6162],{"class":73}," 10",[55,6164,88],{"class":69},[55,6166,6167],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,6168,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,6170,6171,6173,6175,6178,6180,6182,6184,6186,6188,6190,6192,6194],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,6172,1255],{"class":61},[55,6174,66],{"class":65},[55,6176,6177],{"class":120}," any",[55,6179,103],{"class":69},[55,6181,3188],{"class":99},[55,6183,3454],{"class":65},[55,6185,3997],{"class":73},[55,6187,4041],{"class":4040},[55,6189,4044],{"class":99},[55,6191,4047],{"class":4040},[55,6193,1260],{"class":99},[55,6195,114],{"class":69},[55,6197,6198,6200,6202,6204],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,6199,121],{"class":120},[55,6201,103],{"class":69},[55,6203,1288],{"class":99},[55,6205,114],{"class":69},[20,6207,302],{},[46,6209,6210],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,6211,6212],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6213,6214],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6215,4143],{"class":1312},[20,6217,6218,6219,6222],{},"This works because ",[15,6220,6221],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[155,6224,6225,6233,6240],{},[158,6226,6227,6230,6231],{},[15,6228,6229],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6232,3838],{},[158,6234,6235,6230,6238],{},[15,6236,6237],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6239,3838],{},[158,6241,6242,6230,6245],{},[15,6243,6244],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6246,3769],{},[20,6248,6249,6250,6252,6253,6255,6256,44],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6251,3769],{}," result, ",[15,6254,5344],{}," can return ",[15,6257,3769],{},[20,6259,6260],{},"Here is another example:",[46,6262,6264],{"className":48,"code":6263,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6265,6266,6295,6299,6329],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6267,6268,6270,6272,6274,6276,6278,6280,6282,6285,6287,6289,6291,6293],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6269,4234],{"class":61},[55,6271,66],{"class":65},[55,6273,70],{"class":69},[55,6275,248],{"class":247},[55,6277,1035],{"class":251},[55,6279,248],{"class":247},[55,6281,77],{"class":69},[55,6283,6284],{"class":247}," \"\"",[55,6286,77],{"class":69},[55,6288,258],{"class":247},[55,6290,1072],{"class":251},[55,6292,248],{"class":247},[55,6294,88],{"class":69},[55,6296,6297],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,6298,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,6300,6301,6304,6306,6308,6310,6313,6315,6317,6319,6322,6324,6327],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,6302,6303],{"class":61},"has_empty_string ",[55,6305,66],{"class":65},[55,6307,6177],{"class":120},[55,6309,103],{"class":69},[55,6311,6312],{"class":99},"word ",[55,6314,4849],{"class":65},[55,6316,6284],{"class":247},[55,6318,4041],{"class":4040},[55,6320,6321],{"class":99}," word ",[55,6323,4047],{"class":4040},[55,6325,6326],{"class":99}," words",[55,6328,114],{"class":69},[55,6330,6331,6333,6335,6338],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,6332,121],{"class":120},[55,6334,103],{"class":69},[55,6336,6337],{"class":99},"has_empty_string",[55,6339,114],{"class":69},[20,6341,302],{},[46,6343,6344],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,6345,6346],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6347,6348],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6349,4143],{"class":1312},[20,6351,6352,6353,44],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[36,6354,6356],{"href":6355},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[142,6358,6360],{"id":6359},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6362,6363,6364,153],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6365,3838],{},[46,6367,6369],{"className":48,"code":6368,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6370,6371],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6372,6373,6375,6377,6379],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6374,121],{"class":120},[55,6376,103],{"class":69},[55,6378,5514],{"class":120},[55,6380,4590],{"class":69},[20,6382,302],{},[46,6384,6385],{"className":48,"code":4204,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,6386,6387],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6388,6389],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6390,4204],{"class":1312},[20,6392,6393],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6395,6396,6397,6399],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6398,5344],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6401,6402],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[46,6404,6406],{"className":48,"code":6405,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6407,6408,6418,6433],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6409,6410,6412,6414,6416],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6411,121],{"class":120},[55,6413,103],{"class":69},[55,6415,5514],{"class":120},[55,6417,4648],{"class":69},[55,6419,6420,6422,6424,6426,6428,6431],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,6421,121],{"class":120},[55,6423,103],{"class":69},[55,6425,5514],{"class":120},[55,6427,103],{"class":69},[55,6429,6430],{"class":247},"\"\"",[55,6432,1867],{"class":69},[55,6434,6435,6437,6439,6441,6443,6446],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,6436,121],{"class":120},[55,6438,103],{"class":69},[55,6440,5514],{"class":120},[55,6442,103],{"class":69},[55,6444,6445],{"class":1898},"set",[55,6447,6448],{"class":69},"()))\n",[20,6450,302],{},[46,6452,6454],{"className":48,"code":6453,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6455,6456,6460,6464],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6457,6458],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6459,4204],{"class":1312},[55,6461,6462],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,6463,4204],{"class":1312},[55,6465,6466],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,6467,4204],{"class":1312},[142,6469,6471],{"id":6470},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6473,31,6474,6476],{},[15,6475,5344],{}," when you want to:",[155,6478,6479,6482,6485],{},[158,6480,6481],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[158,6483,6484],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[158,6486,6487],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6489,6490],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[46,6492,6494],{"className":48,"code":6493,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6495,6496,6521,6525,6535,6539,6553,6572,6582,6588,6593],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6497,6498,6500,6502,6504,6506,6508,6510,6512,6514,6516,6519],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6499,62],{"class":61},[55,6501,66],{"class":65},[55,6503,70],{"class":69},[55,6505,74],{"class":73},[55,6507,77],{"class":69},[55,6509,111],{"class":73},[55,6511,77],{"class":69},[55,6513,4766],{"class":73},[55,6515,77],{"class":69},[55,6517,6518],{"class":73}," 8",[55,6520,88],{"class":69},[55,6522,6523],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,6524,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,6526,6527,6530,6532],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,6528,6529],{"class":61},"found_even ",[55,6531,66],{"class":65},[55,6533,6534],{"class":1312}," False\n",[55,6536,6537],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,6538,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,6540,6541,6543,6546,6548,6550],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,6542,6115],{"class":4040},[55,6544,6545],{"class":61}," number ",[55,6547,4047],{"class":4040},[55,6549,1260],{"class":61},[55,6551,6552],{"class":69},":\n",[55,6554,6555,6558,6560,6563,6565,6568,6570],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,6556,6557],{"class":4040},"    if",[55,6559,6545],{"class":61},[55,6561,6562],{"class":65},"%",[55,6564,80],{"class":73},[55,6566,6567],{"class":65}," ==",[55,6569,3997],{"class":73},[55,6571,6552],{"class":69},[55,6573,6574,6577,6579],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,6575,6576],{"class":61},"        found_even ",[55,6578,66],{"class":65},[55,6580,6581],{"class":1312}," True\n",[55,6583,6585],{"class":57,"line":6584},8,[55,6586,6587],{"class":4040},"        break\n",[55,6589,6591],{"class":57,"line":6590},9,[55,6592,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,6594,6596,6598,6600,6603],{"class":57,"line":6595},10,[55,6597,121],{"class":120},[55,6599,103],{"class":69},[55,6601,6602],{"class":99},"found_even",[55,6604,114],{"class":69},[20,6606,6607],{},"You can write:",[46,6609,6611],{"className":48,"code":6610,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6612,6613,6637],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6614,6615,6617,6619,6621,6623,6625,6627,6629,6631,6633,6635],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6616,62],{"class":61},[55,6618,66],{"class":65},[55,6620,70],{"class":69},[55,6622,74],{"class":73},[55,6624,77],{"class":69},[55,6626,111],{"class":73},[55,6628,77],{"class":69},[55,6630,4766],{"class":73},[55,6632,77],{"class":69},[55,6634,6518],{"class":73},[55,6636,88],{"class":69},[55,6638,6639,6641,6643,6645,6647,6649,6651,6653,6655,6657,6659,6661,6663,6665],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,6640,121],{"class":120},[55,6642,103],{"class":69},[55,6644,5514],{"class":120},[55,6646,103],{"class":69},[55,6648,2380],{"class":99},[55,6650,6562],{"class":65},[55,6652,80],{"class":73},[55,6654,6567],{"class":65},[55,6656,3997],{"class":73},[55,6658,4041],{"class":4040},[55,6660,6545],{"class":99},[55,6662,4047],{"class":4040},[55,6664,1260],{"class":99},[55,6666,1867],{"class":69},[20,6668,6669,6670,6672],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6671,5344],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[142,6674,1211],{"id":1210},[20,6676,6677,6678,44],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6679,5344],{},[577,6681,6683],{"id":6682},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6685,4686],{},[46,6687,6689],{"className":48,"code":6688,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6690,6691],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6692,6693,6695,6697,6699,6701,6703],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6694,121],{"class":120},[55,6696,103],{"class":69},[55,6698,5514],{"class":120},[55,6700,103],{"class":69},[55,6702,2297],{"class":73},[55,6704,1867],{"class":69},[20,6706,6707,6708,6710],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6709,2297],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6712,6713],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[46,6715,6717],{"className":48,"code":6716,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6718,6719],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6720,6721,6723,6725,6727,6729,6731],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6722,121],{"class":120},[55,6724,103],{"class":69},[55,6726,5514],{"class":120},[55,6728,3149],{"class":69},[55,6730,2297],{"class":73},[55,6732,3162],{"class":69},[577,6734,6736],{"id":6735},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6738,6739,6741,6742,6745],{},[15,6740,5344],{}," needs only ",[1966,6743,6744],{},"one"," truthy item.",[46,6747,6749],{"className":48,"code":6748,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6750,6751],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6752,6753,6755,6757,6759,6761,6763,6765,6767,6769,6771],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6754,121],{"class":120},[55,6756,103],{"class":69},[55,6758,5514],{"class":120},[55,6760,3149],{"class":69},[55,6762,3838],{"class":1312},[55,6764,77],{"class":69},[55,6766,4070],{"class":1312},[55,6768,77],{"class":69},[55,6770,4079],{"class":1312},[55,6772,3162],{"class":69},[20,6774,302],{},[46,6776,6777],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,6778,6779],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6780,6781],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6782,4143],{"class":1312},[20,6784,6785,6786,6790],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[36,6787,6788],{"href":5586},[15,6789,3743],{}," instead.",[577,6792,6794],{"id":6793},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6796,6797,6798,44],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6799,6800],{},"\"True\"",[46,6802,6804],{"className":48,"code":6803,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6805,6806],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6807,6808,6810,6812,6814,6816,6818,6820,6822],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6809,121],{"class":120},[55,6811,103],{"class":69},[55,6813,5514],{"class":120},[55,6815,3149],{"class":69},[55,6817,248],{"class":247},[55,6819,3838],{"class":251},[55,6821,248],{"class":247},[55,6823,3162],{"class":69},[20,6825,302],{},[46,6827,6828],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,6829,6830],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6831,6832],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6833,4143],{"class":1312},[20,6835,6836,6837,6840],{},"That is because ",[15,6838,6839],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[577,6842,6844],{"id":6843},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6846,6847],{},"This works:",[46,6849,6851],{"className":48,"code":6850,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6852,6853,6873],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6854,6855,6857,6859,6861,6863,6865,6867,6869,6871],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6856,62],{"class":61},[55,6858,66],{"class":65},[55,6860,70],{"class":69},[55,6862,74],{"class":73},[55,6864,77],{"class":69},[55,6866,80],{"class":73},[55,6868,77],{"class":69},[55,6870,111],{"class":73},[55,6872,88],{"class":69},[55,6874,6875,6877,6879,6881,6883,6885,6887,6889,6891,6893,6895,6897],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,6876,121],{"class":120},[55,6878,103],{"class":69},[55,6880,5514],{"class":120},[55,6882,3149],{"class":69},[55,6884,3188],{"class":99},[55,6886,4415],{"class":65},[55,6888,80],{"class":73},[55,6890,4041],{"class":4040},[55,6892,4044],{"class":99},[55,6894,4047],{"class":4040},[55,6896,1260],{"class":99},[55,6898,3162],{"class":69},[20,6900,6901],{},"But this is usually better:",[46,6903,6905],{"className":48,"code":6904,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6906,6907,6927],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6908,6909,6911,6913,6915,6917,6919,6921,6923,6925],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6910,62],{"class":61},[55,6912,66],{"class":65},[55,6914,70],{"class":69},[55,6916,74],{"class":73},[55,6918,77],{"class":69},[55,6920,80],{"class":73},[55,6922,77],{"class":69},[55,6924,111],{"class":73},[55,6926,88],{"class":69},[55,6928,6929,6931,6933,6935,6937,6939,6941,6943,6945,6947,6949,6951],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,6930,121],{"class":120},[55,6932,103],{"class":69},[55,6934,5514],{"class":120},[55,6936,103],{"class":69},[55,6938,3188],{"class":99},[55,6940,4415],{"class":65},[55,6942,80],{"class":73},[55,6944,4041],{"class":4040},[55,6946,4044],{"class":99},[55,6948,4047],{"class":4040},[55,6950,1260],{"class":99},[55,6952,1867],{"class":69},[20,6954,6955],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[142,6957,1986],{"id":1985},[577,6959,6961],{"id":6960},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6963,5309,6964,6966,6967,44],{},[15,6965,3769],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6968,3838],{},[577,6970,6972],{"id":6971},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6974,6975,2558,6977,6979],{},[15,6976,5344],{},[15,6978,3838],{}," for an empty iterable.",[577,6981,6983],{"id":6982},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6985,6986,6988,6989,6991],{},[15,6987,5344],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6990,3743],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[577,6993,6995],{"id":6994},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6997,6998],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[46,7000,7001],{"className":48,"code":6101,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,7002,7003],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7004,7005,7007,7009,7011,7013,7015,7017,7019],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7006,5514],{"class":120},[55,7008,103],{"class":69},[55,7010,6112],{"class":99},[55,7012,6115],{"class":4040},[55,7014,6118],{"class":99},[55,7016,4047],{"class":4040},[55,7018,6123],{"class":99},[55,7020,114],{"class":69},[20,7022,5631],{},[46,7024,7025],{"className":48,"code":6904,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,7026,7027,7047],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7028,7029,7031,7033,7035,7037,7039,7041,7043,7045],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7030,62],{"class":61},[55,7032,66],{"class":65},[55,7034,70],{"class":69},[55,7036,74],{"class":73},[55,7038,77],{"class":69},[55,7040,80],{"class":73},[55,7042,77],{"class":69},[55,7044,111],{"class":73},[55,7046,88],{"class":69},[55,7048,7049,7051,7053,7055,7057,7059,7061,7063,7065,7067,7069,7071],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,7050,121],{"class":120},[55,7052,103],{"class":69},[55,7054,5514],{"class":120},[55,7056,103],{"class":69},[55,7058,3188],{"class":99},[55,7060,4415],{"class":65},[55,7062,80],{"class":73},[55,7064,4041],{"class":4040},[55,7066,4044],{"class":99},[55,7068,4047],{"class":4040},[55,7070,1260],{"class":99},[55,7072,1867],{"class":69},[142,7074,2039],{"id":2038},[155,7076,7077,7083,7087,7091,7096],{},[158,7078,7079],{},[36,7080,7081,3673],{"href":5586},[15,7082,3743],{},[158,7084,7085],{},[36,7086,3970],{"href":5936},[158,7088,7089],{},[36,7090,5376],{"href":5745},[158,7092,7093],{},[36,7094,7095],{"href":6355},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[158,7097,7098],{},[36,7099,7100,3673],{"href":5939},[15,7101,3976],{},[2080,7103,7104],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":7106},[7107,7108,7109,7110,7111,7112,7113,7114,7120,7126],{"id":5536,"depth":91,"text":5537},{"id":181,"depth":91,"text":182},{"id":3892,"depth":91,"text":3893},{"id":358,"depth":91,"text":359},{"id":6086,"depth":91,"text":6087},{"id":6359,"depth":91,"text":6360},{"id":6470,"depth":91,"text":6471},{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":7115},[7116,7117,7118,7119],{"id":6682,"depth":117,"text":6683},{"id":6735,"depth":117,"text":6736},{"id":6793,"depth":117,"text":6794},{"id":6843,"depth":117,"text":6844},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":7121},[7122,7123,7124,7125],{"id":6960,"depth":117,"text":6961},{"id":6971,"depth":117,"text":6972},{"id":6982,"depth":117,"text":6983},{"id":6994,"depth":117,"text":6995},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5439,"description":7127},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7133,"title":7134,"body":7135,"description":9265,"extension":2124,"meta":9266,"navigation":428,"path":9267,"seo":9268,"stem":9269,"__hash__":9270},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7136,"toc":9228},[7137,7140,7149,7159,7161,7258,7260,7289,7305,7309,7314,7317,7327,7333,7339,7355,7357,7365,7372,7376,7379,7394,7399,7417,7422,7424,7472,7474,7491,7495,7501,7504,7539,7541,7647,7649,7686,7690,7698,7700,7720,7722,7843,7845,7874,7877,7900,7902,7910,7918,7922,7928,7932,7973,7975,7983,7986,8014,8016,8024,8028,8057,8059,8067,8099,8101,8109,8113,8164,8166,8174,8182,8186,8189,8242,8244,8264,8271,8275,8281,8284,8292,8314,8316,8324,8332,8355,8357,8365,8370,8375,8387,8389,8430,8441,8445,8454,8457,8460,8518,8521,8573,8576,8582,8598,8604,8606,8611,8619,8622,8644,8646,8654,8659,8662,8697,8699,8707,8711,8716,8754,8766,8769,8824,8832,8836,8839,8861,8870,8873,8914,8916,8939,8945,8951,8966,8968,8988,8991,9010,9012,9031,9035,9040,9119,9122,9136,9143,9145,9149,9156,9160,9164,9168,9173,9177,9182,9186,9193,9195,9225],[10,7138,7134],{"id":7139},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7141,568,7142,7144,7145,3041,7147,44],{},[15,7143,3976],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7146,3769],{},[15,7148,3838],{},[20,7150,7151,7152,7154,7155,7158],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7153,3976],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7156,7157],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[142,7160,3774],{"id":3773},[46,7162,7164],{"className":48,"code":7163,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7165,7166,7180,7194,7208,7226,7236],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7167,7168,7170,7172,7174,7176,7178],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7169,121],{"class":120},[55,7171,103],{"class":69},[55,7173,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7175,103],{"class":69},[55,7177,227],{"class":73},[55,7179,1867],{"class":69},[55,7181,7182,7184,7186,7188,7190,7192],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,7183,121],{"class":120},[55,7185,103],{"class":69},[55,7187,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7189,103],{"class":69},[55,7191,74],{"class":73},[55,7193,1867],{"class":69},[55,7195,7196,7198,7200,7202,7204,7206],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,7197,121],{"class":120},[55,7199,103],{"class":69},[55,7201,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7203,103],{"class":69},[55,7205,6430],{"class":247},[55,7207,1867],{"class":69},[55,7209,7210,7212,7214,7216,7218,7220,7222,7224],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,7211,121],{"class":120},[55,7213,103],{"class":69},[55,7215,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7217,103],{"class":69},[55,7219,248],{"class":247},[55,7221,4009],{"class":251},[55,7223,248],{"class":247},[55,7225,1867],{"class":69},[55,7227,7228,7230,7232,7234],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,7229,121],{"class":120},[55,7231,103],{"class":69},[55,7233,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7235,4590],{"class":69},[55,7237,7238,7240,7242,7244,7246,7248,7250,7252,7254,7256],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,7239,121],{"class":120},[55,7241,103],{"class":69},[55,7243,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7245,3149],{"class":69},[55,7247,74],{"class":73},[55,7249,77],{"class":69},[55,7251,80],{"class":73},[55,7253,77],{"class":69},[55,7255,111],{"class":73},[55,7257,3162],{"class":69},[20,7259,5718],{},[46,7261,7263],{"className":48,"code":7262,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7264,7265,7269,7273,7277,7281,7285],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7266,7267],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7268,4204],{"class":1312},[55,7270,7271],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,7272,4143],{"class":1312},[55,7274,7275],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,7276,4204],{"class":1312},[55,7278,7279],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,7280,4143],{"class":1312},[55,7282,7283],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,7284,4204],{"class":1312},[55,7286,7287],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,7288,4143],{"class":1312},[20,7290,31,7291,7294,7295,3041,7297,7299,7300,7302,7303,44],{},[15,7292,7293],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7296,3769],{},[15,7298,3838],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7301,3838],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7304,3769],{},[142,7306,7308],{"id":7307},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7310,7311,7313],{},[15,7312,3976],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7315,7316],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[155,7318,7319,7323],{},[158,7320,7321],{},[15,7322,3769],{},[158,7324,7325],{},[15,7326,3838],{},[20,7328,7329,7330,7332],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7331,7157],{}," statements.",[20,7334,7335,7336,7338],{},"You can also call ",[15,7337,3976],{}," with no argument:",[46,7340,7342],{"className":48,"code":7341,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool())\n",[15,7343,7344],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7345,7346,7348,7350,7352],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7347,121],{"class":120},[55,7349,103],{"class":69},[55,7351,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7353,7354],{"class":69},"())\n",[20,7356,302],{},[46,7358,7359],{"className":48,"code":4204,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,7360,7361],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7362,7363],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7364,4204],{"class":1312},[20,7366,7367,7368,44],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[36,7369,7371],{"href":7370},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[142,7373,7375],{"id":7374},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7377,7378],{},"The basic syntax is:",[46,7380,7382],{"className":48,"code":7381,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bool(value)\n",[15,7383,7384],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7385,7386,7388,7390,7392],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7387,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7389,103],{"class":69},[55,7391,2633],{"class":99},[55,7393,114],{"class":69},[20,7395,568,7396,7398],{},[15,7397,2633],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[155,7400,7401,7403,7405,7407,7409,7412,7414],{},[158,7402,94],{},[158,7404,5469],{},[158,7406,5460],{},[158,7408,5463],{},[158,7410,7411],{},"dictionaries",[158,7413,5466],{},[158,7415,7416],{},"other objects",[20,7418,7419,7420,44],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7421,3838],{},[20,7423,230],{},[46,7425,7427],{"className":48,"code":7426,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7428,7429,7443,7462],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7430,7431,7433,7435,7437,7439,7441],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7432,121],{"class":120},[55,7434,103],{"class":69},[55,7436,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7438,103],{"class":69},[55,7440,800],{"class":73},[55,7442,1867],{"class":69},[55,7444,7445,7447,7449,7451,7453,7455,7458,7460],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,7446,121],{"class":120},[55,7448,103],{"class":69},[55,7450,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7452,103],{"class":69},[55,7454,248],{"class":247},[55,7456,7457],{"class":251},"Python",[55,7459,248],{"class":247},[55,7461,1867],{"class":69},[55,7463,7464,7466,7468,7470],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,7465,121],{"class":120},[55,7467,103],{"class":69},[55,7469,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7471,7354],{"class":69},[20,7473,302],{},[46,7475,7477],{"className":48,"code":7476,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7478,7479,7483,7487],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7480,7481],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7482,4143],{"class":1312},[55,7484,7485],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,7486,4143],{"class":1312},[55,7488,7489],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,7490,4204],{"class":1312},[142,7492,7494],{"id":7493},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7496,7497,7498,7500],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[1966,7499,5755],{}," values.",[20,7502,7503],{},"Common examples:",[155,7505,7506,7510,7514,7518,7522,7527,7531,7535],{},[158,7507,7508],{},[15,7509,227],{},[158,7511,7512],{},[15,7513,3932],{},[158,7515,7516],{},[15,7517,6430],{},[158,7519,7520],{},[15,7521,3950],{},[158,7523,7524],{},[15,7525,7526],{},"()",[158,7528,7529],{},[15,7530,3955],{},[158,7532,7533],{},[15,7534,3960],{},[158,7536,7537],{},[15,7538,172],{},[20,7540,230],{},[46,7542,7544],{"className":48,"code":7543,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7545,7546,7560,7574,7588,7598,7608,7619,7633],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7547,7548,7550,7552,7554,7556,7558],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7549,121],{"class":120},[55,7551,103],{"class":69},[55,7553,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7555,103],{"class":69},[55,7557,227],{"class":73},[55,7559,1867],{"class":69},[55,7561,7562,7564,7566,7568,7570,7572],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,7563,121],{"class":120},[55,7565,103],{"class":69},[55,7567,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7569,103],{"class":69},[55,7571,3932],{"class":73},[55,7573,1867],{"class":69},[55,7575,7576,7578,7580,7582,7584,7586],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,7577,121],{"class":120},[55,7579,103],{"class":69},[55,7581,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7583,103],{"class":69},[55,7585,6430],{"class":247},[55,7587,1867],{"class":69},[55,7589,7590,7592,7594,7596],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,7591,121],{"class":120},[55,7593,103],{"class":69},[55,7595,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7597,4590],{"class":69},[55,7599,7600,7602,7604,7606],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,7601,121],{"class":120},[55,7603,103],{"class":69},[55,7605,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7607,4648],{"class":69},[55,7609,7610,7612,7614,7616],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,7611,121],{"class":120},[55,7613,103],{"class":69},[55,7615,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7617,7618],{"class":69},"({}))\n",[55,7620,7621,7623,7625,7627,7629,7631],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,7622,121],{"class":120},[55,7624,103],{"class":69},[55,7626,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7628,103],{"class":69},[55,7630,6445],{"class":1898},[55,7632,6448],{"class":69},[55,7634,7635,7637,7639,7641,7643,7645],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,7636,121],{"class":120},[55,7638,103],{"class":69},[55,7640,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7642,103],{"class":69},[55,7644,172],{"class":1312},[55,7646,1867],{"class":69},[20,7648,302],{},[46,7650,7652],{"className":48,"code":7651,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7653,7654,7658,7662,7666,7670,7674,7678,7682],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7655,7656],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7657,4204],{"class":1312},[55,7659,7660],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,7661,4204],{"class":1312},[55,7663,7664],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,7665,4204],{"class":1312},[55,7667,7668],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,7669,4204],{"class":1312},[55,7671,7672],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,7673,4204],{"class":1312},[55,7675,7676],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,7677,4204],{"class":1312},[55,7679,7680],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,7681,4204],{"class":1312},[55,7683,7684],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,7685,4204],{"class":1312},[142,7687,7689],{"id":7688},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7691,7692,7693,7695,7696,7500],{},"Many values become ",[15,7694,3769],{},". These are often called ",[1966,7697,5752],{},[20,7699,7503],{},[155,7701,7702,7705,7708,7711,7714,7717],{},[158,7703,7704],{},"non-zero numbers",[158,7706,7707],{},"non-empty strings",[158,7709,7710],{},"non-empty lists",[158,7712,7713],{},"non-empty tuples",[158,7715,7716],{},"non-empty sets",[158,7718,7719],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7721,230],{},[46,7723,7725],{"className":48,"code":7724,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7726,7727,7741,7757,7775,7797,7815],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7728,7729,7731,7733,7735,7737,7739],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7730,121],{"class":120},[55,7732,103],{"class":69},[55,7734,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7736,103],{"class":69},[55,7738,2297],{"class":73},[55,7740,1867],{"class":69},[55,7742,7743,7745,7747,7749,7751,7753,7755],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,7744,121],{"class":120},[55,7746,103],{"class":69},[55,7748,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7750,103],{"class":69},[55,7752,903],{"class":65},[55,7754,106],{"class":73},[55,7756,1867],{"class":69},[55,7758,7759,7761,7763,7765,7767,7769,7771,7773],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,7760,121],{"class":120},[55,7762,103],{"class":69},[55,7764,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7766,103],{"class":69},[55,7768,248],{"class":247},[55,7770,4009],{"class":251},[55,7772,248],{"class":247},[55,7774,1867],{"class":69},[55,7776,7777,7779,7781,7783,7785,7787,7789,7791,7793,7795],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,7778,121],{"class":120},[55,7780,103],{"class":69},[55,7782,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7784,3149],{"class":69},[55,7786,74],{"class":73},[55,7788,77],{"class":69},[55,7790,80],{"class":73},[55,7792,77],{"class":69},[55,7794,111],{"class":73},[55,7796,3162],{"class":69},[55,7798,7799,7801,7803,7805,7807,7809,7811,7813],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,7800,121],{"class":120},[55,7802,103],{"class":69},[55,7804,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7806,5669],{"class":69},[55,7808,74],{"class":73},[55,7810,77],{"class":69},[55,7812,80],{"class":73},[55,7814,3075],{"class":69},[55,7816,7817,7819,7821,7823,7825,7827,7830,7832,7834,7836,7839,7841],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,7818,121],{"class":120},[55,7820,103],{"class":69},[55,7822,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7824,5688],{"class":69},[55,7826,248],{"class":247},[55,7828,7829],{"class":251},"name",[55,7831,248],{"class":247},[55,7833,153],{"class":69},[55,7835,258],{"class":247},[55,7837,7838],{"class":251},"Sam",[55,7840,248],{"class":247},[55,7842,5697],{"class":69},[20,7844,302],{},[46,7846,7848],{"className":48,"code":7847,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7849,7850,7854,7858,7862,7866,7870],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7851,7852],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7853,4143],{"class":1312},[55,7855,7856],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,7857,4143],{"class":1312},[55,7859,7860],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,7861,4143],{"class":1312},[55,7863,7864],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,7865,4143],{"class":1312},[55,7867,7868],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,7869,4143],{"class":1312},[55,7871,7872],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,7873,4143],{"class":1312},[20,7875,7876],{},"One important example is this:",[46,7878,7880],{"className":48,"code":7879,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7881,7882],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7883,7884,7886,7888,7890,7892,7894,7896,7898],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7885,121],{"class":120},[55,7887,103],{"class":69},[55,7889,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7891,103],{"class":69},[55,7893,248],{"class":247},[55,7895,3838],{"class":251},[55,7897,248],{"class":247},[55,7899,1867],{"class":69},[20,7901,302],{},[46,7903,7904],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,7905,7906],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7907,7908],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7909,4143],{"class":1312},[20,7911,7912,7913,7915,7916,44],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7914,6839],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7917,3769],{},[142,7919,7921],{"id":7920},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7923,7924,7925,7927],{},"You can use ",[15,7926,3976],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[577,7929,7931],{"id":7930},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[46,7933,7935],{"className":48,"code":7934,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7936,7937,7959],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7938,7939,7941,7943,7945,7947,7949,7952,7954,7957],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7940,1026],{"class":61},[55,7942,66],{"class":65},[55,7944,70],{"class":69},[55,7946,800],{"class":73},[55,7948,77],{"class":69},[55,7950,7951],{"class":73}," 20",[55,7953,77],{"class":69},[55,7955,7956],{"class":73}," 30",[55,7958,88],{"class":69},[55,7960,7961,7963,7965,7967,7969,7971],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,7962,121],{"class":120},[55,7964,103],{"class":69},[55,7966,4031],{"class":1898},[55,7968,103],{"class":69},[55,7970,1057],{"class":99},[55,7972,1867],{"class":69},[20,7974,302],{},[46,7976,7977],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,7978,7979],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7980,7981],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7982,4143],{"class":1312},[20,7984,7985],{},"With an empty list:",[46,7987,7989],{"className":48,"code":7988,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7990,7991,8000],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7992,7993,7995,7997],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7994,1026],{"class":61},[55,7996,66],{"class":65},[55,7998,7999],{"class":69}," []\n",[55,8001,8002,8004,8006,8008,8010,8012],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,8003,121],{"class":120},[55,8005,103],{"class":69},[55,8007,4031],{"class":1898},[55,8009,103],{"class":69},[55,8011,1057],{"class":99},[55,8013,1867],{"class":69},[20,8015,302],{},[46,8017,8018],{"className":48,"code":4204,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,8019,8020],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8021,8022],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8023,4204],{"class":1312},[577,8025,8027],{"id":8026},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[46,8029,8031],{"className":48,"code":8030,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8032,8033,8043],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8034,8035,8038,8040],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8036,8037],{"class":61},"name ",[55,8039,66],{"class":65},[55,8041,8042],{"class":247}," \"\"\n",[55,8044,8045,8047,8049,8051,8053,8055],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,8046,121],{"class":120},[55,8048,103],{"class":69},[55,8050,4031],{"class":1898},[55,8052,103],{"class":69},[55,8054,7829],{"class":99},[55,8056,1867],{"class":69},[20,8058,302],{},[46,8060,8061],{"className":48,"code":4204,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,8062,8063],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8064,8065],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8066,4204],{"class":1312},[46,8068,8070],{"className":48,"code":8069,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8071,8072,8085],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8073,8074,8076,8078,8080,8083],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8075,8037],{"class":61},[55,8077,66],{"class":65},[55,8079,258],{"class":247},[55,8081,8082],{"class":251},"Mia",[55,8084,3522],{"class":247},[55,8086,8087,8089,8091,8093,8095,8097],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,8088,121],{"class":120},[55,8090,103],{"class":69},[55,8092,4031],{"class":1898},[55,8094,103],{"class":69},[55,8096,7829],{"class":99},[55,8098,1867],{"class":69},[20,8100,302],{},[46,8102,8103],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,8104,8105],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8106,8107],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8108,4143],{"class":1312},[577,8110,8112],{"id":8111},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[46,8114,8116],{"className":48,"code":8115,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8117,8118,8132,8149,8153],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8119,8120,8123,8125,8127,8130],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8121,8122],{"class":61},"username ",[55,8124,66],{"class":65},[55,8126,258],{"class":247},[55,8128,8129],{"class":251},"alex",[55,8131,3522],{"class":247},[55,8133,8134,8137,8139,8142,8144,8147],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,8135,8136],{"class":61},"has_name ",[55,8138,66],{"class":65},[55,8140,8141],{"class":1898}," bool",[55,8143,103],{"class":69},[55,8145,8146],{"class":99},"username",[55,8148,114],{"class":69},[55,8150,8151],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,8152,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,8154,8155,8157,8159,8162],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,8156,121],{"class":120},[55,8158,103],{"class":69},[55,8160,8161],{"class":99},"has_name",[55,8163,114],{"class":69},[20,8165,302],{},[46,8167,8168],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,8169,8170],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8171,8172],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8173,4143],{"class":1312},[20,8175,8176,8177,3041,8179,8181],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8178,3769],{},[15,8180,3838],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[577,8183,8185],{"id":8184},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8187,8188],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[46,8190,8192],{"className":48,"code":8191,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8193,8194,8214,8218,8226],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8195,8196,8198,8200,8202,8204,8206,8208,8210,8212],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8197,62],{"class":61},[55,8199,66],{"class":65},[55,8201,70],{"class":69},[55,8203,74],{"class":73},[55,8205,77],{"class":69},[55,8207,80],{"class":73},[55,8209,77],{"class":69},[55,8211,111],{"class":73},[55,8213,88],{"class":69},[55,8215,8216],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,8217,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,8219,8220,8222,8224],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,8221,7157],{"class":4040},[55,8223,1260],{"class":61},[55,8225,6552],{"class":69},[55,8227,8228,8231,8233,8235,8238,8240],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,8229,8230],{"class":120},"    print",[55,8232,103],{"class":69},[55,8234,248],{"class":247},[55,8236,8237],{"class":251},"The list is not empty",[55,8239,248],{"class":247},[55,8241,114],{"class":69},[20,8243,302],{},[46,8245,8247],{"className":48,"code":8246,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8248,8249],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8250,8251,8253,8255,8258,8261],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8252,568],{"class":61},[55,8254,1899],{"class":1898},[55,8256,8257],{"class":65}," is",[55,8259,8260],{"class":65}," not",[55,8262,8263],{"class":61}," empty\n",[20,8265,8266,8267,44],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[36,8268,8270],{"href":8269},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[142,8272,8274],{"id":8273},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8276,8277,8278,8280],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8279,3976],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8282,8283],{},"It does not do that.",[577,8285,8287,2558,8290],{"id":8286},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8288,8289],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8291,3769],{},[46,8293,8294],{"className":48,"code":7879,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,8295,8296],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8297,8298,8300,8302,8304,8306,8308,8310,8312],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8299,121],{"class":120},[55,8301,103],{"class":69},[55,8303,4031],{"class":1898},[55,8305,103],{"class":69},[55,8307,248],{"class":247},[55,8309,3838],{"class":251},[55,8311,248],{"class":247},[55,8313,1867],{"class":69},[20,8315,302],{},[46,8317,8318],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,8319,8320],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8321,8322],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8323,4143],{"class":1312},[577,8325,8327,2558,8330],{"id":8326},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8328,8329],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8331,3769],{},[46,8333,8335],{"className":48,"code":8334,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8336,8337],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8338,8339,8341,8343,8345,8347,8349,8351,8353],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8340,121],{"class":120},[55,8342,103],{"class":69},[55,8344,4031],{"class":1898},[55,8346,103],{"class":69},[55,8348,248],{"class":247},[55,8350,227],{"class":251},[55,8352,248],{"class":247},[55,8354,1867],{"class":69},[20,8356,302],{},[46,8358,8359],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,8360,8361],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8362,8363],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8364,4143],{"class":1312},[20,8366,8367,8368,44],{},"This happens because both values are ",[1966,8369,7707],{},[20,8371,8372,8374],{},[15,8373,3976],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8376,8377,8378,8383,8384,8386],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[36,8379,8381],{"href":8380},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8382,3121],{},", because ",[15,8385,3121],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8388,230],{},[46,8390,8392],{"className":48,"code":8391,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8393,8394,8415],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8395,8396,8399,8401,8404,8406,8408,8411,8413],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8397,8398],{"class":61},"user_value ",[55,8400,66],{"class":65},[55,8402,8403],{"class":120}," input",[55,8405,103],{"class":69},[55,8407,248],{"class":247},[55,8409,8410],{"class":251},"Enter True or False: ",[55,8412,248],{"class":247},[55,8414,114],{"class":69},[55,8416,8417,8419,8421,8423,8425,8428],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,8418,121],{"class":120},[55,8420,103],{"class":69},[55,8422,4031],{"class":1898},[55,8424,103],{"class":69},[55,8426,8427],{"class":99},"user_value",[55,8429,1867],{"class":69},[20,8431,8432,8433,8435,8436,8383,8438,8440],{},"If the user types ",[15,8434,3838],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8437,3769],{},[15,8439,6839],{}," is not empty.",[142,8442,8444],{"id":8443},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8446,8447,8448,8450,8451,8453],{},"In many ",[15,8449,7157],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8452,3976],{}," yourself.",[20,8455,8456],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8458,8459],{},"Instead of this:",[46,8461,8463],{"className":48,"code":8462,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8464,8465,8486,8490,8503],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8466,8467,8470,8472,8474,8476,8478,8480,8482,8484],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8468,8469],{"class":61},"my_list ",[55,8471,66],{"class":65},[55,8473,70],{"class":69},[55,8475,74],{"class":73},[55,8477,77],{"class":69},[55,8479,80],{"class":73},[55,8481,77],{"class":69},[55,8483,111],{"class":73},[55,8485,88],{"class":69},[55,8487,8488],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,8489,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,8491,8492,8494,8496,8498,8500],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,8493,7157],{"class":4040},[55,8495,8141],{"class":1898},[55,8497,103],{"class":69},[55,8499,192],{"class":99},[55,8501,8502],{"class":69},"):\n",[55,8504,8505,8507,8509,8511,8514,8516],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,8506,8230],{"class":120},[55,8508,103],{"class":69},[55,8510,248],{"class":247},[55,8512,8513],{"class":251},"List has items",[55,8515,248],{"class":247},[55,8517,114],{"class":69},[20,8519,8520],{},"You can simply write:",[46,8522,8524],{"className":48,"code":8523,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8525,8526,8546,8550,8559],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8527,8528,8530,8532,8534,8536,8538,8540,8542,8544],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8529,8469],{"class":61},[55,8531,66],{"class":65},[55,8533,70],{"class":69},[55,8535,74],{"class":73},[55,8537,77],{"class":69},[55,8539,80],{"class":73},[55,8541,77],{"class":69},[55,8543,111],{"class":73},[55,8545,88],{"class":69},[55,8547,8548],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,8549,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,8551,8552,8554,8557],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,8553,7157],{"class":4040},[55,8555,8556],{"class":61}," my_list",[55,8558,6552],{"class":69},[55,8560,8561,8563,8565,8567,8569,8571],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,8562,8230],{"class":120},[55,8564,103],{"class":69},[55,8566,248],{"class":247},[55,8568,8513],{"class":251},[55,8570,248],{"class":247},[55,8572,114],{"class":69},[20,8574,8575],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8577,8578,8579,8581],{},"Using ",[15,8580,3976],{}," is still helpful when:",[155,8583,8584,8587,8595],{},[158,8585,8586],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[158,8588,8589,8590,3041,8592,8594],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8591,3769],{},[15,8593,3838],{}," value",[158,8596,8597],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8599,8600,8601,44],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[36,8602,8603],{"href":2461},"Python type() function explained",[142,8605,2992],{"id":2991},[20,8607,8608,8609,44],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8610,3976],{},[577,8612,1553,8614,8616,8617],{"id":8613},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8615,8289],{}," to return ",[15,8618,3838],{},[20,8620,8621],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[46,8623,8624],{"className":48,"code":7879,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,8625,8626],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8627,8628,8630,8632,8634,8636,8638,8640,8642],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8629,121],{"class":120},[55,8631,103],{"class":69},[55,8633,4031],{"class":1898},[55,8635,103],{"class":69},[55,8637,248],{"class":247},[55,8639,3838],{"class":251},[55,8641,248],{"class":247},[55,8643,1867],{"class":69},[20,8645,302],{},[46,8647,8648],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,8649,8650],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8651,8652],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8653,4143],{"class":1312},[20,8655,8656,8657,6840],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8658,6839],{},[20,8660,8661],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[46,8663,8665],{"className":48,"code":8664,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8666,8667,8679],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8668,8669,8671,8673,8675,8677],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8670,2608],{"class":61},[55,8672,66],{"class":65},[55,8674,258],{"class":247},[55,8676,3838],{"class":251},[55,8678,3522],{"class":247},[55,8680,8681,8683,8685,8687,8689,8691,8693,8695],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,8682,121],{"class":120},[55,8684,103],{"class":69},[55,8686,2608],{"class":99},[55,8688,4849],{"class":65},[55,8690,258],{"class":247},[55,8692,3769],{"class":251},[55,8694,248],{"class":247},[55,8696,114],{"class":69},[20,8698,302],{},[46,8700,8701],{"className":48,"code":4204,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,8702,8703],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8704,8705],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8706,4204],{"class":1312},[577,8708,8710],{"id":8709},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8712,8713,8715],{},[15,8714,3121],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[46,8717,8719],{"className":48,"code":8718,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8720,8721,8740],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8722,8723,8725,8727,8729,8731,8733,8736,8738],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8724,2608],{"class":61},[55,8726,66],{"class":65},[55,8728,8403],{"class":120},[55,8730,103],{"class":69},[55,8732,248],{"class":247},[55,8734,8735],{"class":251},"Enter yes or no: ",[55,8737,248],{"class":247},[55,8739,114],{"class":69},[55,8741,8742,8744,8746,8748,8750,8752],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,8743,121],{"class":120},[55,8745,103],{"class":69},[55,8747,4031],{"class":1898},[55,8749,103],{"class":69},[55,8751,2633],{"class":99},[55,8753,1867],{"class":69},[20,8755,8432,8756,8759,8760,8762,8763,8440],{},[15,8757,8758],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8761,3769],{}," because ",[15,8764,8765],{},"\"no\"",[20,8767,8768],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[46,8770,8772],{"className":48,"code":8771,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8773,8774,8805],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8775,8776,8778,8780,8782,8784,8786,8788,8790,8793,8796,8799,8802],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8777,2608],{"class":61},[55,8779,66],{"class":65},[55,8781,8403],{"class":120},[55,8783,103],{"class":69},[55,8785,248],{"class":247},[55,8787,8735],{"class":251},[55,8789,248],{"class":247},[55,8791,8792],{"class":69},").",[55,8794,8795],{"class":99},"strip",[55,8797,8798],{"class":69},"().",[55,8800,8801],{"class":99},"lower",[55,8803,8804],{"class":69},"()\n",[55,8806,8807,8809,8811,8813,8815,8817,8820,8822],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,8808,121],{"class":120},[55,8810,103],{"class":69},[55,8812,2608],{"class":99},[55,8814,4849],{"class":65},[55,8816,258],{"class":247},[55,8818,8819],{"class":251},"yes",[55,8821,248],{"class":247},[55,8823,114],{"class":69},[20,8825,8826,8827,8829,8830,44],{},"This gives ",[15,8828,3769],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8831,8819],{},[577,8833,8835],{"id":8834},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8837,8838],{},"These are different:",[155,8840,8841,8845,8849,8853,8857],{},[158,8842,8843],{},[15,8844,3838],{},[158,8846,8847],{},[15,8848,227],{},[158,8850,8851],{},[15,8852,6430],{},[158,8854,8855],{},[15,8856,3950],{},[158,8858,8859],{},[15,8860,172],{},[20,8862,8863,8864,8866,8867,8869],{},"They all become ",[15,8865,3838],{}," with ",[15,8868,3976],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8871,8872],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[46,8874,8876],{"className":48,"code":8875,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8877,8878,8886,8900],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8879,8880,8882,8884],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8881,2608],{"class":61},[55,8883,66],{"class":65},[55,8885,7999],{"class":69},[55,8887,8888,8890,8892,8894,8896,8898],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,8889,121],{"class":120},[55,8891,103],{"class":69},[55,8893,1910],{"class":1898},[55,8895,103],{"class":69},[55,8897,2633],{"class":99},[55,8899,1867],{"class":69},[55,8901,8902,8904,8906,8908,8910,8912],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,8903,121],{"class":120},[55,8905,103],{"class":69},[55,8907,4031],{"class":1898},[55,8909,103],{"class":69},[55,8911,2633],{"class":99},[55,8913,1867],{"class":69},[20,8915,302],{},[46,8917,8919],{"className":48,"code":8918,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8920,8921,8935],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8922,8923,8925,8927,8929,8931,8933],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8924,3454],{"class":65},[55,8926,3457],{"class":2226},[55,8928,324],{"class":247},[55,8930,1899],{"class":251},[55,8932,315],{"class":247},[55,8934,3466],{"class":65},[55,8936,8937],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,8938,4204],{"class":1312},[577,8940,8578,8942,8944],{"id":8941},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8943,3955],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8946,8947,8948,8950],{},"In Python, ",[15,8949,3955],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[46,8952,8954],{"className":48,"code":8953,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8955,8956],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8957,8958,8960,8962,8964],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8959,121],{"class":120},[55,8961,103],{"class":69},[55,8963,1910],{"class":1898},[55,8965,7618],{"class":69},[20,8967,302],{},[46,8969,8971],{"className":48,"code":8970,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8972,8973],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8974,8975,8977,8979,8981,8984,8986],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8976,3454],{"class":65},[55,8978,3457],{"class":2226},[55,8980,324],{"class":247},[55,8982,8983],{"class":251},"dict",[55,8985,315],{"class":247},[55,8987,3466],{"class":65},[20,8989,8990],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[46,8992,8994],{"className":48,"code":8993,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8995,8996],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8997,8998,9000,9002,9004,9006,9008],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8999,121],{"class":120},[55,9001,103],{"class":69},[55,9003,1910],{"class":1898},[55,9005,103],{"class":69},[55,9007,6445],{"class":1898},[55,9009,6448],{"class":69},[20,9011,302],{},[46,9013,9015],{"className":48,"code":9014,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9016,9017],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9018,9019,9021,9023,9025,9027,9029],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9020,3454],{"class":65},[55,9022,3457],{"class":2226},[55,9024,324],{"class":247},[55,9026,6445],{"class":251},[55,9028,315],{"class":247},[55,9030,3466],{"class":65},[142,9032,9034],{"id":9033},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9036,1833,9037,9039],{},[15,9038,3976],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[46,9041,9043],{"className":48,"code":9042,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9044,9045,9059,9073,9083,9101],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9046,9047,9049,9051,9053,9055,9057],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9048,121],{"class":120},[55,9050,103],{"class":69},[55,9052,4031],{"class":1898},[55,9054,103],{"class":69},[55,9056,2633],{"class":99},[55,9058,1867],{"class":69},[55,9060,9061,9063,9065,9067,9069,9071],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,9062,121],{"class":120},[55,9064,103],{"class":69},[55,9066,1910],{"class":1898},[55,9068,103],{"class":69},[55,9070,2633],{"class":99},[55,9072,1867],{"class":69},[55,9074,9075,9077,9079,9081],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,9076,121],{"class":120},[55,9078,103],{"class":69},[55,9080,2633],{"class":99},[55,9082,114],{"class":69},[55,9084,9085,9087,9089,9091,9093,9095,9097,9099],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,9086,121],{"class":120},[55,9088,103],{"class":69},[55,9090,2608],{"class":99},[55,9092,4849],{"class":65},[55,9094,258],{"class":247},[55,9096,3769],{"class":251},[55,9098,248],{"class":247},[55,9100,114],{"class":69},[55,9102,9103,9105,9107,9109,9111,9113,9115,9117],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,9104,121],{"class":120},[55,9106,103],{"class":69},[55,9108,2633],{"class":99},[55,9110,44],{"class":69},[55,9112,8795],{"class":99},[55,9114,8798],{"class":69},[55,9116,8801],{"class":99},[55,9118,7354],{"class":69},[20,9120,9121],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[155,9123,9124,9127,9130,9133],{},[158,9125,9126],{},"what the value really is",[158,9128,9129],{},"whether it is a string",[158,9131,9132],{},"whether it contains spaces",[158,9134,9135],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9137,9138,9139,44],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[36,9140,9142],{"href":9141},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[142,9144,1986],{"id":1985},[577,9146,9148],{"id":9147},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9150,9151,9152,3041,9154,44],{},"It returns either ",[15,9153,3769],{},[15,9155,3838],{},[577,9157,9159],{"id":9158},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9161,5309,9162,44],{},[15,9163,3838],{},[577,9165,9167],{"id":9166},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9169,9170,9171,44],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9172,3769],{},[577,9174,9176],{"id":9175},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9178,9179,9180,44],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9181,3838],{},[577,9183,9185],{"id":9184},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9187,9188,9189,3041,9191,3901],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9190,3769],{},[15,9192,3838],{},[142,9194,2039],{"id":2038},[155,9196,9197,9202,9206,9211,9215,9220],{},[158,9198,9199],{},[36,9200,9201],{"href":5936},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[158,9203,9204],{},[36,9205,8270],{"href":8269},[158,9207,9208],{},[36,9209,9210],{"href":8380},"Python input() function explained",[158,9212,9213],{},[36,9214,8603],{"href":2461},[158,9216,9217],{},[36,9218,9219],{"href":9141},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[158,9221,9222],{},[36,9223,9224],{"href":7370},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2080,9226,9227],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":9229},[9230,9231,9232,9233,9234,9235,9241,9247,9248,9256,9257,9264],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":7307,"depth":91,"text":7308},{"id":7374,"depth":91,"text":7375},{"id":7493,"depth":91,"text":7494},{"id":7688,"depth":91,"text":7689},{"id":7920,"depth":91,"text":7921,"children":9236},[9237,9238,9239,9240],{"id":7930,"depth":117,"text":7931},{"id":8026,"depth":117,"text":8027},{"id":8111,"depth":117,"text":8112},{"id":8184,"depth":117,"text":8185},{"id":8273,"depth":91,"text":8274,"children":9242},[9243,9245],{"id":8286,"depth":117,"text":9244},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8326,"depth":117,"text":9246},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8443,"depth":91,"text":8444},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":9249},[9250,9252,9253,9254],{"id":8613,"depth":117,"text":9251},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8709,"depth":117,"text":8710},{"id":8834,"depth":117,"text":8835},{"id":8941,"depth":117,"text":9255},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9033,"depth":91,"text":9034},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":9258},[9259,9260,9261,9262,9263],{"id":9147,"depth":117,"text":9148},{"id":9158,"depth":117,"text":9159},{"id":9166,"depth":117,"text":9167},{"id":9175,"depth":117,"text":9176},{"id":9184,"depth":117,"text":9185},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7134,"description":9265},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9272,"title":9273,"body":9274,"description":11464,"extension":2124,"meta":11465,"navigation":428,"path":11466,"seo":11467,"stem":11468,"__hash__":11469},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9275,"toc":11426},[9276,9282,9288,9295,9300,9311,9318,9427,9431,9500,9505,9510,9515,9518,9529,9534,9537,9548,9555,9557,9562,9566,9591,9595,9604,9608,9671,9675,9708,9712,9757,9761,9798,9802,9805,9861,9865,9910,9913,9918,9957,9961,9984,9987,10001,10014,10018,10023,10090,10094,10130,10133,10141,10144,10208,10212,10244,10250,10252,10312,10319,10322,10399,10403,10436,10440,10443,10487,10491,10527,10530,10547,10550,10553,10606,10609,10620,10627,10636,10639,10697,10701,10742,10749,10757,10762,10770,10782,10787,10798,10871,10874,10886,10901,10905,10910,10914,10916,10959,10965,10968,11031,11035,11038,11047,11052,11089,11093,11096,11104,11107,11146,11150,11153,11204,11208,11229,11236,11238,11244,11271,11274,11328,11331,11342,11344,11351,11359,11365,11370,11377,11380,11387,11394,11396,11423],[10,9277,3740,9279,3744],{"id":9278},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9280,9281],{},"dict()",[20,9283,9284,9285,9287],{},"The built-in ",[15,9286,9281],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9289,9290,9291,9294],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[1966,9292,9293],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9296,9297,9299],{},[15,9298,9281],{}," is commonly used to:",[155,9301,9302,9305,9308],{},[158,9303,9304],{},"create an empty dictionary",[158,9306,9307],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[158,9309,9310],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9312,9313,9314,44],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[36,9315,9317],{"href":9316},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[46,9319,9321],{"className":48,"code":9320,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9322,9323,9358,9369,9373,9412],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9324,9325,9328,9330,9333,9335,9338,9340,9342,9344,9346,9348,9351,9353,9356],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9326,9327],{"class":61},"data ",[55,9329,66],{"class":65},[55,9331,9332],{"class":1898}," dict",[55,9334,103],{"class":69},[55,9336,7829],{"class":9337},"s99_P",[55,9339,66],{"class":65},[55,9341,315],{"class":247},[55,9343,5164],{"class":251},[55,9345,315],{"class":247},[55,9347,77],{"class":69},[55,9349,9350],{"class":9337}," age",[55,9352,66],{"class":65},[55,9354,9355],{"class":73},"25",[55,9357,114],{"class":69},[55,9359,9360,9362,9364,9367],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,9361,121],{"class":120},[55,9363,103],{"class":69},[55,9365,9366],{"class":99},"data",[55,9368,114],{"class":69},[55,9370,9371],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,9372,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,9374,9375,9378,9380,9383,9385,9387,9389,9391,9393,9396,9399,9401,9403,9405,9407,9409],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,9376,9377],{"class":61},"pairs ",[55,9379,66],{"class":65},[55,9381,9382],{"class":69}," [(",[55,9384,315],{"class":247},[55,9386,36],{"class":251},[55,9388,315],{"class":247},[55,9390,77],{"class":69},[55,9392,630],{"class":73},[55,9394,9395],{"class":69},"),",[55,9397,9398],{"class":69}," (",[55,9400,315],{"class":247},[55,9402,285],{"class":251},[55,9404,315],{"class":247},[55,9406,77],{"class":69},[55,9408,80],{"class":73},[55,9410,9411],{"class":69},")]\n",[55,9413,9414,9416,9418,9420,9422,9425],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,9415,121],{"class":120},[55,9417,103],{"class":69},[55,9419,8983],{"class":1898},[55,9421,103],{"class":69},[55,9423,9424],{"class":99},"pairs",[55,9426,1867],{"class":69},[20,9428,9429],{},[1966,9430,302],{},[46,9432,9434],{"className":48,"code":9433,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9435,9436,9472],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9437,9438,9441,9443,9445,9447,9449,9451,9453,9455,9457,9459,9462,9464,9466,9469],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9439,9440],{"class":69},"{",[55,9442,315],{"class":247},[55,9444,7829],{"class":251},[55,9446,315],{"class":247},[55,9448,153],{"class":69},[55,9450,324],{"class":247},[55,9452,5164],{"class":251},[55,9454,315],{"class":247},[55,9456,77],{"class":69},[55,9458,324],{"class":247},[55,9460,9461],{"class":251},"age",[55,9463,315],{"class":247},[55,9465,153],{"class":69},[55,9467,9468],{"class":73}," 25",[55,9470,9471],{"class":69},"}\n",[55,9473,9474,9476,9478,9480,9482,9484,9486,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,9475,9440],{"class":69},[55,9477,315],{"class":247},[55,9479,36],{"class":251},[55,9481,315],{"class":247},[55,9483,153],{"class":69},[55,9485,630],{"class":73},[55,9487,77],{"class":69},[55,9489,324],{"class":247},[55,9491,285],{"class":251},[55,9493,315],{"class":247},[55,9495,153],{"class":69},[55,9497,80],{"class":73},[55,9499,9471],{"class":69},[20,9501,31,9502,9504],{},[15,9503,9281],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[142,9506,145,9508,148],{"id":9507},"what-dict-does",[15,9509,9281],{},[20,9511,9512,9514],{},[15,9513,9281],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9516,9517],{},"A dictionary:",[155,9519,9520,9523,9526],{},[158,9521,9522],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[158,9524,9525],{},"lets you look up values by key",[158,9527,9528],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9530,9531,9533],{},[15,9532,9281],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9535,9536],{},"Common uses include:",[155,9538,9539,9542,9545],{},[158,9540,9541],{},"making an empty dictionary",[158,9543,9544],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[158,9546,9547],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9549,9550,9551,44],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[36,9552,9554],{"href":9553},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[142,9556,2319],{"id":2318},[20,9558,9559,9561],{},[15,9560,9281],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[577,9563,9565],{"id":9564},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[46,9567,9569],{"className":48,"code":9568,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9570,9571,9581],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9572,9573,9575,9577,9579],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9574,9327],{"class":61},[55,9576,66],{"class":65},[55,9578,9332],{"class":1898},[55,9580,8804],{"class":69},[55,9582,9583,9585,9587,9589],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,9584,121],{"class":120},[55,9586,103],{"class":69},[55,9588,9366],{"class":99},[55,9590,114],{"class":69},[20,9592,9593],{},[1966,9594,302],{},[46,9596,9598],{"className":48,"code":9597,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{}\n",[15,9599,9600],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9601,9602],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9603,9597],{"class":69},[577,9605,9607],{"id":9606},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[46,9609,9611],{"className":48,"code":9610,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9612,9613,9647,9661],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9614,9615,9617,9619,9621,9623,9625,9627,9629,9631,9633,9635,9637,9639,9641,9643,9645],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9616,9377],{"class":61},[55,9618,66],{"class":65},[55,9620,9382],{"class":69},[55,9622,315],{"class":247},[55,9624,36],{"class":251},[55,9626,315],{"class":247},[55,9628,77],{"class":69},[55,9630,630],{"class":73},[55,9632,9395],{"class":69},[55,9634,9398],{"class":69},[55,9636,315],{"class":247},[55,9638,285],{"class":251},[55,9640,315],{"class":247},[55,9642,77],{"class":69},[55,9644,80],{"class":73},[55,9646,9411],{"class":69},[55,9648,9649,9651,9653,9655,9657,9659],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,9650,9327],{"class":61},[55,9652,66],{"class":65},[55,9654,9332],{"class":1898},[55,9656,103],{"class":69},[55,9658,9424],{"class":99},[55,9660,114],{"class":69},[55,9662,9663,9665,9667,9669],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,9664,121],{"class":120},[55,9666,103],{"class":69},[55,9668,9366],{"class":99},[55,9670,114],{"class":69},[20,9672,9673],{},[1966,9674,302],{},[46,9676,9678],{"className":48,"code":9677,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9679,9680],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9681,9682,9684,9686,9688,9690,9692,9694,9696,9698,9700,9702,9704,9706],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9683,9440],{"class":69},[55,9685,315],{"class":247},[55,9687,36],{"class":251},[55,9689,315],{"class":247},[55,9691,153],{"class":69},[55,9693,630],{"class":73},[55,9695,77],{"class":69},[55,9697,324],{"class":247},[55,9699,285],{"class":251},[55,9701,315],{"class":247},[55,9703,153],{"class":69},[55,9705,80],{"class":73},[55,9707,9471],{"class":69},[577,9709,9711],{"id":9710},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[46,9713,9715],{"className":48,"code":9714,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9716,9717,9747],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9718,9719,9721,9723,9725,9727,9729,9731,9733,9735,9737,9739,9741,9743,9745],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9720,9327],{"class":61},[55,9722,66],{"class":65},[55,9724,9332],{"class":1898},[55,9726,103],{"class":69},[55,9728,7829],{"class":9337},[55,9730,66],{"class":65},[55,9732,315],{"class":247},[55,9734,5164],{"class":251},[55,9736,315],{"class":247},[55,9738,77],{"class":69},[55,9740,9350],{"class":9337},[55,9742,66],{"class":65},[55,9744,9355],{"class":73},[55,9746,114],{"class":69},[55,9748,9749,9751,9753,9755],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,9750,121],{"class":120},[55,9752,103],{"class":69},[55,9754,9366],{"class":99},[55,9756,114],{"class":69},[20,9758,9759],{},[1966,9760,302],{},[46,9762,9764],{"className":48,"code":9763,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9765,9766],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9767,9768,9770,9772,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9769,9440],{"class":69},[55,9771,315],{"class":247},[55,9773,7829],{"class":251},[55,9775,315],{"class":247},[55,9777,153],{"class":69},[55,9779,324],{"class":247},[55,9781,5164],{"class":251},[55,9783,315],{"class":247},[55,9785,77],{"class":69},[55,9787,324],{"class":247},[55,9789,9461],{"class":251},[55,9791,315],{"class":247},[55,9793,153],{"class":69},[55,9795,9468],{"class":73},[55,9797,9471],{"class":69},[577,9799,9801],{"id":9800},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9803,9804],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[46,9806,9808],{"className":48,"code":9807,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9809,9810,9851],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9811,9812,9814,9816,9818,9821,9823,9825,9827,9829,9831,9834,9836,9838,9840,9842,9845,9847,9849],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9813,9327],{"class":61},[55,9815,66],{"class":65},[55,9817,9332],{"class":1898},[55,9819,9820],{"class":69},"([(",[55,9822,315],{"class":247},[55,9824,36],{"class":251},[55,9826,315],{"class":247},[55,9828,77],{"class":69},[55,9830,630],{"class":73},[55,9832,9833],{"class":69},")],",[55,9835,2720],{"class":9337},[55,9837,66],{"class":65},[55,9839,106],{"class":73},[55,9841,77],{"class":69},[55,9843,9844],{"class":9337}," c",[55,9846,66],{"class":65},[55,9848,2223],{"class":73},[55,9850,114],{"class":69},[55,9852,9853,9855,9857,9859],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,9854,121],{"class":120},[55,9856,103],{"class":69},[55,9858,9366],{"class":99},[55,9860,114],{"class":69},[20,9862,9863],{},[1966,9864,302],{},[46,9866,9868],{"className":48,"code":9867,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9869,9870],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9871,9872,9874,9876,9878,9880,9882,9884,9886,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902,9904,9906,9908],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9873,9440],{"class":69},[55,9875,315],{"class":247},[55,9877,36],{"class":251},[55,9879,315],{"class":247},[55,9881,153],{"class":69},[55,9883,630],{"class":73},[55,9885,77],{"class":69},[55,9887,324],{"class":247},[55,9889,285],{"class":251},[55,9891,315],{"class":247},[55,9893,153],{"class":69},[55,9895,80],{"class":73},[55,9897,77],{"class":69},[55,9899,324],{"class":247},[55,9901,261],{"class":251},[55,9903,315],{"class":247},[55,9905,153],{"class":69},[55,9907,111],{"class":73},[55,9909,9471],{"class":69},[142,9911,9565],{"id":9912},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9914,31,9915,9917],{},[15,9916,9281],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[46,9919,9921],{"className":48,"code":9920,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9922,9923,9933,9947],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9924,9925,9927,9929,9931],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9926,9327],{"class":61},[55,9928,66],{"class":65},[55,9930,9332],{"class":1898},[55,9932,8804],{"class":69},[55,9934,9935,9937,9939,9941,9943,9945],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,9936,121],{"class":120},[55,9938,103],{"class":69},[55,9940,1910],{"class":1898},[55,9942,103],{"class":69},[55,9944,9366],{"class":99},[55,9946,1867],{"class":69},[55,9948,9949,9951,9953,9955],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,9950,121],{"class":120},[55,9952,103],{"class":69},[55,9954,9366],{"class":99},[55,9956,114],{"class":69},[20,9958,9959],{},[1966,9960,302],{},[46,9962,9964],{"className":48,"code":9963,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9965,9966,9980],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9967,9968,9970,9972,9974,9976,9978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9969,3454],{"class":65},[55,9971,3457],{"class":2226},[55,9973,324],{"class":247},[55,9975,8983],{"class":251},[55,9977,315],{"class":247},[55,9979,3466],{"class":65},[55,9981,9982],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,9983,9597],{"class":69},[20,9985,9986],{},"This gives the same result as:",[46,9988,9990],{"className":48,"code":9989,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\n",[15,9991,9992],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9993,9994,9996,9998],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9995,9327],{"class":61},[55,9997,66],{"class":65},[55,9999,10000],{"class":69}," {}\n",[20,10002,10003,10004,10006,10007,10010,10011,10013],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10005,3955],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10008,10009],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10012,9281],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[142,10015,10017],{"id":10016},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10019,10020,10021,44],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10022,9281],{},[46,10024,10026],{"className":48,"code":10025,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10027,10028,10066,10080],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10029,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10031,9377],{"class":61},[55,10033,66],{"class":65},[55,10035,9382],{"class":69},[55,10037,315],{"class":247},[55,10039,7829],{"class":251},[55,10041,315],{"class":247},[55,10043,77],{"class":69},[55,10045,324],{"class":247},[55,10047,5164],{"class":251},[55,10049,315],{"class":247},[55,10051,9395],{"class":69},[55,10053,9398],{"class":69},[55,10055,315],{"class":247},[55,10057,9461],{"class":251},[55,10059,315],{"class":247},[55,10061,77],{"class":69},[55,10063,9468],{"class":73},[55,10065,9411],{"class":69},[55,10067,10068,10070,10072,10074,10076,10078],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,10069,9327],{"class":61},[55,10071,66],{"class":65},[55,10073,9332],{"class":1898},[55,10075,103],{"class":69},[55,10077,9424],{"class":99},[55,10079,114],{"class":69},[55,10081,10082,10084,10086,10088],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,10083,121],{"class":120},[55,10085,103],{"class":69},[55,10087,9366],{"class":99},[55,10089,114],{"class":69},[20,10091,10092],{},[1966,10093,302],{},[46,10095,10096],{"className":48,"code":9763,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,10097,10098],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10099,10100,10102,10104,10106,10108,10110,10112,10114,10116,10118,10120,10122,10124,10126,10128],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10101,9440],{"class":69},[55,10103,315],{"class":247},[55,10105,7829],{"class":251},[55,10107,315],{"class":247},[55,10109,153],{"class":69},[55,10111,324],{"class":247},[55,10113,5164],{"class":251},[55,10115,315],{"class":247},[55,10117,77],{"class":69},[55,10119,324],{"class":247},[55,10121,9461],{"class":251},[55,10123,315],{"class":247},[55,10125,153],{"class":69},[55,10127,9468],{"class":73},[55,10129,9471],{"class":69},[20,10131,10132],{},"Each pair becomes:",[155,10134,10135,10138],{},[158,10136,10137],{},"the first item as the key",[158,10139,10140],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10142,10143],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[46,10145,10147],{"className":48,"code":10146,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10148,10149,10184,10198],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10150,10151,10153,10155,10158,10160,10162,10164,10166,10168,10170,10172,10174,10176,10178,10180,10182],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10152,9377],{"class":61},[55,10154,66],{"class":65},[55,10156,10157],{"class":69}," ((",[55,10159,315],{"class":247},[55,10161,36],{"class":251},[55,10163,315],{"class":247},[55,10165,77],{"class":69},[55,10167,630],{"class":73},[55,10169,9395],{"class":69},[55,10171,9398],{"class":69},[55,10173,315],{"class":247},[55,10175,285],{"class":251},[55,10177,315],{"class":247},[55,10179,77],{"class":69},[55,10181,80],{"class":73},[55,10183,1867],{"class":69},[55,10185,10186,10188,10190,10192,10194,10196],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,10187,9327],{"class":61},[55,10189,66],{"class":65},[55,10191,9332],{"class":1898},[55,10193,103],{"class":69},[55,10195,9424],{"class":99},[55,10197,114],{"class":69},[55,10199,10200,10202,10204,10206],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,10201,121],{"class":120},[55,10203,103],{"class":69},[55,10205,9366],{"class":99},[55,10207,114],{"class":69},[20,10209,10210],{},[1966,10211,302],{},[46,10213,10214],{"className":48,"code":9677,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,10215,10216],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10217,10218,10220,10222,10224,10226,10228,10230,10232,10234,10236,10238,10240,10242],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10219,9440],{"class":69},[55,10221,315],{"class":247},[55,10223,36],{"class":251},[55,10225,315],{"class":247},[55,10227,153],{"class":69},[55,10229,630],{"class":73},[55,10231,77],{"class":69},[55,10233,324],{"class":247},[55,10235,285],{"class":251},[55,10237,315],{"class":247},[55,10239,153],{"class":69},[55,10241,80],{"class":73},[55,10243,9471],{"class":69},[20,10245,10246,10247,44],{},"Each item must contain ",[1966,10248,10249],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10251,2999],{},[46,10253,10255],{"className":48,"code":10254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10256,10257,10297],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10258,10259,10262,10264,10266,10268,10270,10272,10274,10276,10278,10281,10283,10285,10287,10289,10291,10293,10295],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10260,10261],{"class":61},"bad_data ",[55,10263,66],{"class":65},[55,10265,9382],{"class":69},[55,10267,315],{"class":247},[55,10269,36],{"class":251},[55,10271,315],{"class":247},[55,10273,77],{"class":69},[55,10275,630],{"class":73},[55,10277,77],{"class":69},[55,10279,10280],{"class":73}," 100",[55,10282,9395],{"class":69},[55,10284,9398],{"class":69},[55,10286,315],{"class":247},[55,10288,285],{"class":251},[55,10290,315],{"class":247},[55,10292,77],{"class":69},[55,10294,80],{"class":73},[55,10296,9411],{"class":69},[55,10298,10299,10301,10303,10305,10307,10310],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,10300,1255],{"class":61},[55,10302,66],{"class":65},[55,10304,9332],{"class":1898},[55,10306,103],{"class":69},[55,10308,10309],{"class":99},"bad_data",[55,10311,114],{"class":69},[20,10313,10314,10315,10318],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10316,10317],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10320,10321],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[46,10323,10325],{"className":48,"code":10324,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10326,10327,10375,10389],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10328,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337,10339,10341,10343,10345,10347,10349,10351,10353,10355,10357,10359,10361,10363,10365,10367,10369,10371,10373],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10330,9377],{"class":61},[55,10332,66],{"class":65},[55,10334,9382],{"class":69},[55,10336,315],{"class":247},[55,10338,36],{"class":251},[55,10340,315],{"class":247},[55,10342,77],{"class":69},[55,10344,630],{"class":73},[55,10346,9395],{"class":69},[55,10348,9398],{"class":69},[55,10350,315],{"class":247},[55,10352,36],{"class":251},[55,10354,315],{"class":247},[55,10356,77],{"class":69},[55,10358,1273],{"class":73},[55,10360,9395],{"class":69},[55,10362,9398],{"class":69},[55,10364,315],{"class":247},[55,10366,285],{"class":251},[55,10368,315],{"class":247},[55,10370,77],{"class":69},[55,10372,80],{"class":73},[55,10374,9411],{"class":69},[55,10376,10377,10379,10381,10383,10385,10387],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,10378,9327],{"class":61},[55,10380,66],{"class":65},[55,10382,9332],{"class":1898},[55,10384,103],{"class":69},[55,10386,9424],{"class":99},[55,10388,114],{"class":69},[55,10390,10391,10393,10395,10397],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,10392,121],{"class":120},[55,10394,103],{"class":69},[55,10396,9366],{"class":99},[55,10398,114],{"class":69},[20,10400,10401],{},[1966,10402,302],{},[46,10404,10406],{"className":48,"code":10405,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10407,10408],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10409,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10411,9440],{"class":69},[55,10413,315],{"class":247},[55,10415,36],{"class":251},[55,10417,315],{"class":247},[55,10419,153],{"class":69},[55,10421,1273],{"class":73},[55,10423,77],{"class":69},[55,10425,324],{"class":247},[55,10427,285],{"class":251},[55,10429,315],{"class":247},[55,10431,153],{"class":69},[55,10433,80],{"class":73},[55,10435,9471],{"class":69},[142,10437,10439],{"id":10438},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10441,10442],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[46,10444,10445],{"className":48,"code":9714,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,10446,10447,10477],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10448,10449,10451,10453,10455,10457,10459,10461,10463,10465,10467,10469,10471,10473,10475],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10450,9327],{"class":61},[55,10452,66],{"class":65},[55,10454,9332],{"class":1898},[55,10456,103],{"class":69},[55,10458,7829],{"class":9337},[55,10460,66],{"class":65},[55,10462,315],{"class":247},[55,10464,5164],{"class":251},[55,10466,315],{"class":247},[55,10468,77],{"class":69},[55,10470,9350],{"class":9337},[55,10472,66],{"class":65},[55,10474,9355],{"class":73},[55,10476,114],{"class":69},[55,10478,10479,10481,10483,10485],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,10480,121],{"class":120},[55,10482,103],{"class":69},[55,10484,9366],{"class":99},[55,10486,114],{"class":69},[20,10488,10489],{},[1966,10490,302],{},[46,10492,10493],{"className":48,"code":9763,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,10494,10495],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10496,10497,10499,10501,10503,10505,10507,10509,10511,10513,10515,10517,10519,10521,10523,10525],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10498,9440],{"class":69},[55,10500,315],{"class":247},[55,10502,7829],{"class":251},[55,10504,315],{"class":247},[55,10506,153],{"class":69},[55,10508,324],{"class":247},[55,10510,5164],{"class":251},[55,10512,315],{"class":247},[55,10514,77],{"class":69},[55,10516,324],{"class":247},[55,10518,9461],{"class":251},[55,10520,315],{"class":247},[55,10522,153],{"class":69},[55,10524,9468],{"class":73},[55,10526,9471],{"class":69},[20,10528,10529],{},"In this form:",[155,10531,10532,10540],{},[158,10533,10534,10536,10537],{},[15,10535,7829],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10538,10539],{},"'name'",[158,10541,10542,10536,10544],{},[15,10543,9461],{},[15,10545,10546],{},"'age'",[20,10548,10549],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10551,10552],{},"Valid examples:",[46,10554,10556],{"className":48,"code":10555,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10557,10558,10596],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10559,10560,10562,10564,10566,10568,10571,10573,10575,10578,10580,10582,10585,10587,10589,10592,10594],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10561,9327],{"class":61},[55,10563,66],{"class":65},[55,10565,9332],{"class":1898},[55,10567,103],{"class":69},[55,10569,10570],{"class":9337},"city",[55,10572,66],{"class":65},[55,10574,315],{"class":247},[55,10576,10577],{"class":251},"Paris",[55,10579,315],{"class":247},[55,10581,77],{"class":69},[55,10583,10584],{"class":9337}," country",[55,10586,66],{"class":65},[55,10588,315],{"class":247},[55,10590,10591],{"class":251},"France",[55,10593,315],{"class":247},[55,10595,114],{"class":69},[55,10597,10598,10600,10602,10604],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,10599,121],{"class":120},[55,10601,103],{"class":69},[55,10603,9366],{"class":99},[55,10605,114],{"class":69},[20,10607,10608],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[155,10610,10611,10614,10617],{},[158,10612,10613],{},"spaces",[158,10615,10616],{},"hyphens",[158,10618,10619],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10621,10622,10623,10626],{},"For example, this is ",[1966,10624,10625],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[46,10628,10630],{"className":48,"code":10629,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10631,10632],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10633,10634],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10635,10629],{"class":133},[20,10637,10638],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[46,10640,10642],{"className":48,"code":10641,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10643,10644,10687],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10645,10646,10648,10650,10653,10655,10658,10660,10662,10664,10666,10668,10670,10672,10675,10677,10679,10681,10683,10685],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10647,9327],{"class":61},[55,10649,66],{"class":65},[55,10651,10652],{"class":69}," {",[55,10654,315],{"class":247},[55,10656,10657],{"class":251},"first-name",[55,10659,315],{"class":247},[55,10661,153],{"class":69},[55,10663,324],{"class":247},[55,10665,7838],{"class":251},[55,10667,315],{"class":247},[55,10669,77],{"class":69},[55,10671,324],{"class":247},[55,10673,10674],{"class":251},"first name",[55,10676,315],{"class":247},[55,10678,153],{"class":69},[55,10680,324],{"class":247},[55,10682,7838],{"class":251},[55,10684,315],{"class":247},[55,10686,9471],{"class":69},[55,10688,10689,10691,10693,10695],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,10690,121],{"class":120},[55,10692,103],{"class":69},[55,10694,9366],{"class":99},[55,10696,114],{"class":69},[20,10698,10699],{},[1966,10700,302],{},[46,10702,10704],{"className":48,"code":10703,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10705,10706],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10707,10708,10710,10712,10714,10716,10718,10720,10722,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734,10736,10738,10740],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10709,9440],{"class":69},[55,10711,315],{"class":247},[55,10713,10657],{"class":251},[55,10715,315],{"class":247},[55,10717,153],{"class":69},[55,10719,324],{"class":247},[55,10721,7838],{"class":251},[55,10723,315],{"class":247},[55,10725,77],{"class":69},[55,10727,324],{"class":247},[55,10729,10674],{"class":251},[55,10731,315],{"class":247},[55,10733,153],{"class":69},[55,10735,324],{"class":247},[55,10737,7838],{"class":251},[55,10739,315],{"class":247},[55,10741,9471],{"class":69},[142,10743,10745,982,10747],{"id":10744},"dict-vs",[15,10746,9281],{},[15,10748,3955],{},[20,10750,10751,10752,352,10754,10756],{},"Both ",[15,10753,9281],{},[15,10755,3955],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[577,10758,31,10760,993],{"id":10759},"use-when",[15,10761,3955],{},[155,10763,10764,10767],{},[158,10765,10766],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[158,10768,10769],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[46,10771,10772],{"className":48,"code":9989,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,10773,10774],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10775,10776,10778,10780],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10777,9327],{"class":61},[55,10779,66],{"class":65},[55,10781,10000],{"class":69},[577,10783,31,10785,993],{"id":10784},"use-dict-when",[15,10786,9281],{},[155,10788,10789,10792,10795],{},[158,10790,10791],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[158,10793,10794],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[158,10796,10797],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[46,10799,10801],{"className":48,"code":10800,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10802,10803,10840],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10804,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813,10815,10817,10819,10821,10823,10825,10827,10829,10831,10833,10835,10837],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10806,9327],{"class":61},[55,10808,66],{"class":65},[55,10810,9332],{"class":1898},[55,10812,9820],{"class":69},[55,10814,315],{"class":247},[55,10816,36],{"class":251},[55,10818,315],{"class":247},[55,10820,77],{"class":69},[55,10822,630],{"class":73},[55,10824,9395],{"class":69},[55,10826,9398],{"class":69},[55,10828,315],{"class":247},[55,10830,285],{"class":251},[55,10832,315],{"class":247},[55,10834,77],{"class":69},[55,10836,80],{"class":73},[55,10838,10839],{"class":69},")])\n",[55,10841,10842,10845,10847,10849,10851,10853,10855,10857,10859,10861,10863,10865,10867,10869],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,10843,10844],{"class":61},"info ",[55,10846,66],{"class":65},[55,10848,9332],{"class":1898},[55,10850,103],{"class":69},[55,10852,7829],{"class":9337},[55,10854,66],{"class":65},[55,10856,315],{"class":247},[55,10858,5164],{"class":251},[55,10860,315],{"class":247},[55,10862,77],{"class":69},[55,10864,9350],{"class":9337},[55,10866,66],{"class":65},[55,10868,9355],{"class":73},[55,10870,114],{"class":69},[20,10872,10873],{},"So:",[155,10875,10876,10881],{},[158,10877,10878,10880],{},[15,10879,3955],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[158,10882,10883,10885],{},[15,10884,9281],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10887,10888,10889,10893,10894,44],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[36,10890,10892],{"href":10891},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[36,10895,10897,10898,43],{"href":10896},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10899,10900],{},"get()",[142,10902,10904],{"id":10903},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10906,10907,10908,44],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10909,9281],{},[577,10911,10913],{"id":10912},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10915,4686],{},[46,10917,10919],{"className":48,"code":10918,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10920,10921,10945],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10922,10923,10925,10927,10929,10931,10933,10935,10937,10939,10941,10943],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10924,1026],{"class":61},[55,10926,66],{"class":65},[55,10928,70],{"class":69},[55,10930,315],{"class":247},[55,10932,36],{"class":251},[55,10934,315],{"class":247},[55,10936,77],{"class":69},[55,10938,324],{"class":247},[55,10940,285],{"class":251},[55,10942,315],{"class":247},[55,10944,88],{"class":69},[55,10946,10947,10949,10951,10953,10955,10957],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,10948,9327],{"class":61},[55,10950,66],{"class":65},[55,10952,9332],{"class":1898},[55,10954,103],{"class":69},[55,10956,1057],{"class":99},[55,10958,114],{"class":69},[20,10960,10961,10962,44],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10963,10964],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10966,10967],{},"Correct version:",[46,10969,10971],{"className":48,"code":10970,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10972,10973,11007,11021],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10974,10975,10977,10979,10981,10983,10985,10987,10989,10991,10993,10995,10997,10999,11001,11003,11005],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10976,1026],{"class":61},[55,10978,66],{"class":65},[55,10980,9382],{"class":69},[55,10982,315],{"class":247},[55,10984,36],{"class":251},[55,10986,315],{"class":247},[55,10988,77],{"class":69},[55,10990,630],{"class":73},[55,10992,9395],{"class":69},[55,10994,9398],{"class":69},[55,10996,315],{"class":247},[55,10998,285],{"class":251},[55,11000,315],{"class":247},[55,11002,77],{"class":69},[55,11004,80],{"class":73},[55,11006,9411],{"class":69},[55,11008,11009,11011,11013,11015,11017,11019],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,11010,9327],{"class":61},[55,11012,66],{"class":65},[55,11014,9332],{"class":1898},[55,11016,103],{"class":69},[55,11018,1057],{"class":99},[55,11020,114],{"class":69},[55,11022,11023,11025,11027,11029],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,11024,121],{"class":120},[55,11026,103],{"class":69},[55,11028,9366],{"class":99},[55,11030,114],{"class":69},[577,11032,11034],{"id":11033},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11036,11037],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[46,11039,11041],{"className":48,"code":11040,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11042,11043],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11044,11045],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11046,11040],{"class":133},[20,11048,11049,11050,153],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11051,66],{},[46,11053,11055],{"className":48,"code":11054,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11056,11057,11079],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11058,11059,11061,11063,11065,11067,11069,11071,11073,11075,11077],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11060,9327],{"class":61},[55,11062,66],{"class":65},[55,11064,9332],{"class":1898},[55,11066,103],{"class":69},[55,11068,7829],{"class":9337},[55,11070,66],{"class":65},[55,11072,315],{"class":247},[55,11074,5164],{"class":251},[55,11076,315],{"class":247},[55,11078,114],{"class":69},[55,11080,11081,11083,11085,11087],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,11082,121],{"class":120},[55,11084,103],{"class":69},[55,11086,9366],{"class":99},[55,11088,114],{"class":69},[577,11090,11092],{"id":11091},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11094,11095],{},"This will not work:",[46,11097,11098],{"className":48,"code":10629,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,11099,11100],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11101,11102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11103,10629],{"class":133},[20,11105,11106],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[46,11108,11110],{"className":48,"code":11109,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11111,11112,11136],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11113,11114,11116,11118,11120,11122,11124,11126,11128,11130,11132,11134],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11115,9327],{"class":61},[55,11117,66],{"class":65},[55,11119,10652],{"class":69},[55,11121,315],{"class":247},[55,11123,10657],{"class":251},[55,11125,315],{"class":247},[55,11127,153],{"class":69},[55,11129,324],{"class":247},[55,11131,7838],{"class":251},[55,11133,315],{"class":247},[55,11135,9471],{"class":69},[55,11137,11138,11140,11142,11144],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,11139,121],{"class":120},[55,11141,103],{"class":69},[55,11143,9366],{"class":99},[55,11145,114],{"class":69},[577,11147,11149],{"id":11148},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11151,11152],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[46,11154,11156],{"className":48,"code":11155,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11157,11158,11194],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11159,11160,11162,11164,11166,11168,11170,11172,11174,11176,11178,11180,11182,11184,11186,11188,11190,11192],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11161,9327],{"class":61},[55,11163,66],{"class":65},[55,11165,9332],{"class":1898},[55,11167,9820],{"class":69},[55,11169,315],{"class":247},[55,11171,2336],{"class":251},[55,11173,315],{"class":247},[55,11175,77],{"class":69},[55,11177,630],{"class":73},[55,11179,9395],{"class":69},[55,11181,9398],{"class":69},[55,11183,315],{"class":247},[55,11185,2336],{"class":251},[55,11187,315],{"class":247},[55,11189,77],{"class":69},[55,11191,80],{"class":73},[55,11193,10839],{"class":69},[55,11195,11196,11198,11200,11202],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,11197,121],{"class":120},[55,11199,103],{"class":69},[55,11201,9366],{"class":99},[55,11203,114],{"class":69},[20,11205,11206],{},[1966,11207,302],{},[46,11209,11211],{"className":48,"code":11210,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11212,11213],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11214,11215,11217,11219,11221,11223,11225,11227],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11216,9440],{"class":69},[55,11218,315],{"class":247},[55,11220,2336],{"class":251},[55,11222,315],{"class":247},[55,11224,153],{"class":69},[55,11226,80],{"class":73},[55,11228,9471],{"class":69},[20,11230,11231,11232,44],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[36,11233,11235],{"href":11234},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[142,11237,2992],{"id":2991},[20,11239,11240,11241,11243],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11242,9281],{}," include:",[155,11245,11246,11256,11262,11265],{},[158,11247,11248,11249,11252,11253],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11250,11251],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11254,11255],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[158,11257,11258,11259],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11260,11261],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[158,11263,11264],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[158,11266,11267,11268,11270],{},"confusing ",[15,11269,9281],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11272,11273],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[46,11275,11277],{"className":48,"code":11276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11278,11279,11293,11303,11314],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11280,11281,11283,11285,11287,11289,11291],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11282,121],{"class":120},[55,11284,103],{"class":69},[55,11286,1910],{"class":1898},[55,11288,103],{"class":69},[55,11290,9366],{"class":99},[55,11292,1867],{"class":69},[55,11294,11295,11297,11299,11301],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,11296,121],{"class":120},[55,11298,103],{"class":69},[55,11300,9366],{"class":99},[55,11302,114],{"class":69},[55,11304,11305,11307,11309,11312],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,11306,121],{"class":120},[55,11308,103],{"class":69},[55,11310,11311],{"class":99},"list_of_pairs",[55,11313,114],{"class":69},[55,11315,11316,11318,11320,11322,11324,11326],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,11317,121],{"class":120},[55,11319,103],{"class":69},[55,11321,1860],{"class":120},[55,11323,103],{"class":69},[55,11325,11311],{"class":99},[55,11327,1867],{"class":69},[20,11329,11330],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[155,11332,11333,11336,11339],{},[158,11334,11335],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[158,11337,11338],{},"what data is being passed in",[158,11340,11341],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[142,11343,1986],{"id":1985},[577,11345,2022,11347,352,11349,2027],{"id":11346},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11348,9281],{},[15,11350,3955],{},[20,11352,11353,11355,11356,11358],{},[15,11354,3955],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11357,9281],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[577,11360,2009,11362,11364],{"id":11361},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11363,9281],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11366,11367,11368,44],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11369,11255],{},[577,11371,5319,11373,11376],{"id":11372},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11374,11375],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11378,11379],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[577,11381,11383,11384,11386],{"id":11382},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11385,9281],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11388,11389,11390,11393],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11391,11392],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[142,11395,2039],{"id":2038},[155,11397,11398,11403,11407,11412,11418],{},[158,11399,11400],{},[36,11401,11402],{"href":9553},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[158,11404,11405],{},[36,11406,9317],{"href":9316},[158,11408,11409],{},[36,11410,11411],{"href":10891},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[158,11413,11414],{},[36,11415,10897,11416,43],{"href":10896},[15,11417,10900],{},[158,11419,11420],{},[36,11421,11422],{"href":11234},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2080,11424,11425],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":11427},[11428,11430,11436,11437,11438,11439,11446,11452,11453,11463],{"id":9507,"depth":91,"text":11429},"What dict() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319,"children":11431},[11432,11433,11434,11435],{"id":9564,"depth":117,"text":9565},{"id":9606,"depth":117,"text":9607},{"id":9710,"depth":117,"text":9711},{"id":9800,"depth":117,"text":9801},{"id":9912,"depth":91,"text":9565},{"id":10016,"depth":91,"text":10017},{"id":10438,"depth":91,"text":10439},{"id":10744,"depth":91,"text":11440,"children":11441},"dict() vs {}",[11442,11444],{"id":10759,"depth":117,"text":11443},"Use {} when:",{"id":10784,"depth":117,"text":11445},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10903,"depth":91,"text":10904,"children":11447},[11448,11449,11450,11451],{"id":10912,"depth":117,"text":10913},{"id":11033,"depth":117,"text":11034},{"id":11091,"depth":117,"text":11092},{"id":11148,"depth":117,"text":11149},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":11454},[11455,11457,11459,11461],{"id":11346,"depth":117,"text":11456},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11361,"depth":117,"text":11458},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11372,"depth":117,"text":11460},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11382,"depth":117,"text":11462},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9273,"description":11464},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11471,"title":11472,"body":11473,"description":12977,"extension":2124,"meta":12978,"navigation":428,"path":12979,"seo":12980,"stem":12981,"__hash__":12982},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11474,"toc":12946},[11475,11482,11488,11495,11497,11558,11563,11568,11573,11590,11593,11597,11599,11615,11618,11631,11635,11638,11771,11773,11838,11841,11857,11863,11869,11872,11954,11956,11969,11973,11979,12044,12046,12054,12057,12080,12086,12149,12155,12158,12172,12185,12189,12200,12205,12216,12223,12227,12233,12355,12357,12383,12386,12403,12406,12517,12519,12568,12570,12583,12592,12597,12602,12613,12615,12718,12741,12743,12747,12765,12768,12826,12829,12855,12857,12863,12866,12872,12876,12883,12891,12897,12900,12902,12943],[10,11476,11478,11479,18],{"id":11477},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11480,11481],{},"clear()",[20,11483,11484,11487],{},[15,11485,11486],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11489,11490,11491,11494],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[1966,11492,11493],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[142,11496,2165],{"id":2164},[46,11498,11500],{"className":48,"code":11499,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11501,11502,11534,11545],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11503,11504,11506,11508,11510,11512,11514,11516,11518,11520,11522,11524,11526,11528,11530,11532],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11505,9327],{"class":61},[55,11507,66],{"class":65},[55,11509,10652],{"class":69},[55,11511,248],{"class":247},[55,11513,36],{"class":251},[55,11515,248],{"class":247},[55,11517,153],{"class":69},[55,11519,630],{"class":73},[55,11521,77],{"class":69},[55,11523,258],{"class":247},[55,11525,285],{"class":251},[55,11527,248],{"class":247},[55,11529,153],{"class":69},[55,11531,80],{"class":73},[55,11533,9471],{"class":69},[55,11535,11536,11538,11540,11543],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,11537,9366],{"class":61},[55,11539,44],{"class":69},[55,11541,11542],{"class":99},"clear",[55,11544,8804],{"class":69},[55,11546,11547,11549,11551,11553,11555],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,11548,121],{"class":120},[55,11550,103],{"class":69},[55,11552,9366],{"class":99},[55,11554,3825],{"class":69},[55,11556,11557],{"class":133},"  # {}\n",[20,11559,11560,11562],{},[15,11561,11481],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[142,11564,145,11566,148],{"id":11565},"what-clear-does",[15,11567,11481],{},[20,11569,568,11570,11572],{},[15,11571,11481],{}," method:",[155,11574,11575,11578,11581,11585],{},[158,11576,11577],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[158,11579,11580],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[158,11582,169,11583],{},[15,11584,172],{},[158,11586,11587,11588],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11589,3955],{},[20,11591,11592],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11594,9313,11595,44],{},[36,11596,9317],{"href":9316},[142,11598,2319],{"id":2318},[46,11600,11602],{"className":48,"code":11601,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11603,11604],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11605,11606,11609,11611,11613],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11607,11608],{"class":61},"my_dict",[55,11610,44],{"class":69},[55,11612,11542],{"class":99},[55,11614,8804],{"class":69},[20,11616,11617],{},"Important points:",[155,11619,11620,11625,11628],{},[158,11621,11622,11624],{},[15,11623,11481],{}," takes no arguments",[158,11626,11627],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[158,11629,11630],{},"It empties that dictionary",[142,11632,11634],{"id":11633},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11636,11637],{},"Here is a basic example:",[46,11639,11641],{"className":48,"code":11640,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11642,11643,11653,11674,11688,11705,11709,11713,11732,11736,11747,11751],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11644,11645,11648,11650],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11646,11647],{"class":61},"user ",[55,11649,66],{"class":65},[55,11651,11652],{"class":69}," {\n",[55,11654,11655,11658,11660,11662,11664,11666,11669,11671],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,11656,11657],{"class":247},"    \"",[55,11659,7829],{"class":251},[55,11661,248],{"class":247},[55,11663,153],{"class":69},[55,11665,258],{"class":247},[55,11667,11668],{"class":251},"Maya",[55,11670,248],{"class":247},[55,11672,11673],{"class":69},",\n",[55,11675,11676,11678,11680,11682,11684,11686],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,11677,11657],{"class":247},[55,11679,9461],{"class":251},[55,11681,248],{"class":247},[55,11683,153],{"class":69},[55,11685,9468],{"class":73},[55,11687,11673],{"class":69},[55,11689,11690,11692,11694,11696,11698,11700,11703],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,11691,11657],{"class":247},[55,11693,10570],{"class":251},[55,11695,248],{"class":247},[55,11697,153],{"class":69},[55,11699,258],{"class":247},[55,11701,11702],{"class":251},"Berlin",[55,11704,3522],{"class":247},[55,11706,11707],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,11708,9471],{"class":69},[55,11710,11711],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,11712,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,11714,11715,11717,11719,11721,11723,11725,11727,11730],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,11716,121],{"class":120},[55,11718,103],{"class":69},[55,11720,248],{"class":247},[55,11722,414],{"class":251},[55,11724,248],{"class":247},[55,11726,77],{"class":69},[55,11728,11729],{"class":99}," user",[55,11731,114],{"class":69},[55,11733,11734],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,11735,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,11737,11738,11741,11743,11745],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,11739,11740],{"class":61},"user",[55,11742,44],{"class":69},[55,11744,11542],{"class":99},[55,11746,8804],{"class":69},[55,11748,11749],{"class":57,"line":6595},[55,11750,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,11752,11754,11756,11758,11760,11763,11765,11767,11769],{"class":57,"line":11753},11,[55,11755,121],{"class":120},[55,11757,103],{"class":69},[55,11759,248],{"class":247},[55,11761,11762],{"class":251},"After:",[55,11764,248],{"class":247},[55,11766,77],{"class":69},[55,11768,11729],{"class":99},[55,11770,114],{"class":69},[20,11772,5718],{},[46,11774,11776],{"className":48,"code":11775,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11777,11778,11830],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11779,11780,11782,11784,11786,11788,11790,11792,11794,11796,11798,11800,11802,11804,11806,11808,11810,11812,11814,11816,11818,11820,11822,11824,11826,11828],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11781,485],{"class":61},[55,11783,153],{"class":69},[55,11785,10652],{"class":69},[55,11787,315],{"class":247},[55,11789,7829],{"class":251},[55,11791,315],{"class":247},[55,11793,153],{"class":69},[55,11795,324],{"class":247},[55,11797,11668],{"class":251},[55,11799,315],{"class":247},[55,11801,77],{"class":69},[55,11803,324],{"class":247},[55,11805,9461],{"class":251},[55,11807,315],{"class":247},[55,11809,153],{"class":69},[55,11811,9468],{"class":73},[55,11813,77],{"class":69},[55,11815,324],{"class":247},[55,11817,10570],{"class":251},[55,11819,315],{"class":247},[55,11821,153],{"class":69},[55,11823,324],{"class":247},[55,11825,11702],{"class":251},[55,11827,315],{"class":247},[55,11829,9471],{"class":69},[55,11831,11832,11834,11836],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,11833,518],{"class":61},[55,11835,153],{"class":69},[55,11837,10000],{"class":69},[20,11839,11840],{},"What happens here:",[155,11842,11843,11848,11854],{},[158,11844,11845,11847],{},[15,11846,11740],{}," starts with three items",[158,11849,11850,11853],{},[15,11851,11852],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[158,11855,11856],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[142,11858,145,11860,11862],{"id":11859},"what-clear-returns",[15,11861,11481],{}," returns",[20,11864,11865,2558,11867,44],{},[15,11866,11481],{},[15,11868,172],{},[20,11870,11871],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[46,11873,11875],{"className":48,"code":11874,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11876,11877,11911,11915,11930,11934,11944],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11878,11879,11882,11884,11886,11888,11890,11892,11894,11896,11898,11900,11903,11905,11907,11909],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11880,11881],{"class":61},"my_dict ",[55,11883,66],{"class":65},[55,11885,10652],{"class":69},[55,11887,248],{"class":247},[55,11889,2336],{"class":251},[55,11891,248],{"class":247},[55,11893,153],{"class":69},[55,11895,630],{"class":73},[55,11897,77],{"class":69},[55,11899,258],{"class":247},[55,11901,11902],{"class":251},"y",[55,11904,248],{"class":247},[55,11906,153],{"class":69},[55,11908,80],{"class":73},[55,11910,9471],{"class":69},[55,11912,11913],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,11914,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,11916,11917,11919,11921,11924,11926,11928],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,11918,1255],{"class":61},[55,11920,66],{"class":65},[55,11922,11923],{"class":61}," my_dict",[55,11925,44],{"class":69},[55,11927,11542],{"class":99},[55,11929,8804],{"class":69},[55,11931,11932],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,11933,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,11935,11936,11938,11940,11942],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,11937,121],{"class":120},[55,11939,103],{"class":69},[55,11941,1288],{"class":99},[55,11943,114],{"class":69},[55,11945,11946,11948,11950,11952],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,11947,121],{"class":120},[55,11949,103],{"class":69},[55,11951,11608],{"class":99},[55,11953,114],{"class":69},[20,11955,302],{},[46,11957,11959],{"className":48,"code":11958,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\n{}\n",[15,11960,11961,11965],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11962,11963],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11964,1313],{"class":1312},[55,11966,11967],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,11968,9597],{"class":69},[577,11970,11972],{"id":11971},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11974,11975,11976,11978],{},"Do ",[1966,11977,1968],{}," do this:",[46,11980,11982],{"className":48,"code":11981,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11983,11984,12016,12030,12034],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11985,11986,11988,11990,11992,11994,11996,11998,12000,12002,12004,12006,12008,12010,12012,12014],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11987,11881],{"class":61},[55,11989,66],{"class":65},[55,11991,10652],{"class":69},[55,11993,248],{"class":247},[55,11995,2336],{"class":251},[55,11997,248],{"class":247},[55,11999,153],{"class":69},[55,12001,630],{"class":73},[55,12003,77],{"class":69},[55,12005,258],{"class":247},[55,12007,11902],{"class":251},[55,12009,248],{"class":247},[55,12011,153],{"class":69},[55,12013,80],{"class":73},[55,12015,9471],{"class":69},[55,12017,12018,12020,12022,12024,12026,12028],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,12019,11881],{"class":61},[55,12021,66],{"class":65},[55,12023,11923],{"class":61},[55,12025,44],{"class":69},[55,12027,11542],{"class":99},[55,12029,8804],{"class":69},[55,12031,12032],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,12033,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,12035,12036,12038,12040,12042],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,12037,121],{"class":120},[55,12039,103],{"class":69},[55,12041,11608],{"class":99},[55,12043,114],{"class":69},[20,12045,302],{},[46,12047,12048],{"className":48,"code":1313,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,12049,12050],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12051,12052],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12053,1313],{"class":1312},[20,12055,12056],{},"Why this happens:",[155,12058,12059,12065,12070],{},[158,12060,12061,12064],{},[15,12062,12063],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[158,12066,12067,12068],{},"The method returns ",[15,12069,172],{},[158,12071,12072,12073,12076,12077,12079],{},"Then ",[15,12074,12075],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12078,172],{}," in the variable",[20,12081,12082,12083,12085],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12084,11481],{}," by itself:",[46,12087,12089],{"className":48,"code":12088,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12090,12091,12123,12133,12137],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12092,12093,12095,12097,12099,12101,12103,12105,12107,12109,12111,12113,12115,12117,12119,12121],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12094,11881],{"class":61},[55,12096,66],{"class":65},[55,12098,10652],{"class":69},[55,12100,248],{"class":247},[55,12102,2336],{"class":251},[55,12104,248],{"class":247},[55,12106,153],{"class":69},[55,12108,630],{"class":73},[55,12110,77],{"class":69},[55,12112,258],{"class":247},[55,12114,11902],{"class":251},[55,12116,248],{"class":247},[55,12118,153],{"class":69},[55,12120,80],{"class":73},[55,12122,9471],{"class":69},[55,12124,12125,12127,12129,12131],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,12126,11608],{"class":61},[55,12128,44],{"class":69},[55,12130,11542],{"class":99},[55,12132,8804],{"class":69},[55,12134,12135],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,12136,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,12138,12139,12141,12143,12145,12147],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,12140,121],{"class":120},[55,12142,103],{"class":69},[55,12144,11608],{"class":99},[55,12146,3825],{"class":69},[55,12148,11557],{"class":133},[142,12150,12152,12154],{"id":12151},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12153,11481],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12156,12157],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[46,12159,12160],{"className":48,"code":11601,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,12161,12162],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12163,12164,12166,12168,12170],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12165,11608],{"class":61},[55,12167,44],{"class":69},[55,12169,11542],{"class":99},[55,12171,8804],{"class":69},[46,12173,12175],{"className":48,"code":12174,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12176,12177],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12178,12179,12181,12183],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12180,11881],{"class":61},[55,12182,66],{"class":65},[55,12184,10000],{"class":69},[577,12186,12187],{"id":11542},[15,12188,11481],{},[155,12190,12191,12194,12197],{},[158,12192,12193],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[158,12195,12196],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[158,12198,12199],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[577,12201,12202],{"id":11608},[15,12203,12204],{},"my_dict = {}",[155,12206,12207,12210,12213],{},[158,12208,12209],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[158,12211,12212],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[158,12214,12215],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12217,12218,12219,44],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[36,12220,12222],{"href":12221},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[142,12224,12226],{"id":12225},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12228,12229,12230,12232],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12231,11481],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[46,12234,12236],{"className":48,"code":12235,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12237,12238,12271,12281,12285,12296,12300,12320,12340],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12239,12240,12243,12245,12247,12249,12251,12253,12255,12257,12259,12261,12263,12265,12267,12269],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12241,12242],{"class":61},"original ",[55,12244,66],{"class":65},[55,12246,10652],{"class":69},[55,12248,248],{"class":247},[55,12250,36],{"class":251},[55,12252,248],{"class":247},[55,12254,153],{"class":69},[55,12256,630],{"class":73},[55,12258,77],{"class":69},[55,12260,258],{"class":247},[55,12262,285],{"class":251},[55,12264,248],{"class":247},[55,12266,153],{"class":69},[55,12268,80],{"class":73},[55,12270,9471],{"class":69},[55,12272,12273,12276,12278],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,12274,12275],{"class":61},"other_ref ",[55,12277,66],{"class":65},[55,12279,12280],{"class":61}," original\n",[55,12282,12283],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,12284,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,12286,12287,12290,12292,12294],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,12288,12289],{"class":61},"original",[55,12291,44],{"class":69},[55,12293,11542],{"class":99},[55,12295,8804],{"class":69},[55,12297,12298],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,12299,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,12301,12302,12304,12306,12308,12311,12313,12315,12318],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,12303,121],{"class":120},[55,12305,103],{"class":69},[55,12307,248],{"class":247},[55,12309,12310],{"class":251},"original:",[55,12312,248],{"class":247},[55,12314,77],{"class":69},[55,12316,12317],{"class":99}," original",[55,12319,114],{"class":69},[55,12321,12322,12324,12326,12328,12331,12333,12335,12338],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,12323,121],{"class":120},[55,12325,103],{"class":69},[55,12327,248],{"class":247},[55,12329,12330],{"class":251},"other_ref:",[55,12332,248],{"class":247},[55,12334,77],{"class":69},[55,12336,12337],{"class":99}," other_ref",[55,12339,114],{"class":69},[55,12341,12342,12344,12346,12348,12351,12353],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,12343,121],{"class":120},[55,12345,103],{"class":69},[55,12347,12242],{"class":99},[55,12349,12350],{"class":4040},"is",[55,12352,12337],{"class":99},[55,12354,114],{"class":69},[20,12356,302],{},[46,12358,12360],{"className":48,"code":12359,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12361,12362,12370,12379],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12363,12364,12366,12368],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12365,12289],{"class":61},[55,12367,153],{"class":69},[55,12369,10000],{"class":69},[55,12371,12372,12375,12377],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,12373,12374],{"class":61},"other_ref",[55,12376,153],{"class":69},[55,12378,10000],{"class":69},[55,12380,12381],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,12382,4143],{"class":1312},[20,12384,12385],{},"This shows:",[155,12387,12388,12395,12400],{},[158,12389,12390,352,12392,12394],{},[15,12391,12289],{},[15,12393,12374],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[158,12396,12397,12399],{},[15,12398,11481],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[158,12401,12402],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12404,12405],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[46,12407,12409],{"className":48,"code":12408,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12410,12411,12443,12451,12455,12463,12467,12485,12503],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12412,12413,12415,12417,12419,12421,12423,12425,12427,12429,12431,12433,12435,12437,12439,12441],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12414,12242],{"class":61},[55,12416,66],{"class":65},[55,12418,10652],{"class":69},[55,12420,248],{"class":247},[55,12422,36],{"class":251},[55,12424,248],{"class":247},[55,12426,153],{"class":69},[55,12428,630],{"class":73},[55,12430,77],{"class":69},[55,12432,258],{"class":247},[55,12434,285],{"class":251},[55,12436,248],{"class":247},[55,12438,153],{"class":69},[55,12440,80],{"class":73},[55,12442,9471],{"class":69},[55,12444,12445,12447,12449],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,12446,12275],{"class":61},[55,12448,66],{"class":65},[55,12450,12280],{"class":61},[55,12452,12453],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,12454,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,12456,12457,12459,12461],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,12458,12242],{"class":61},[55,12460,66],{"class":65},[55,12462,10000],{"class":69},[55,12464,12465],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,12466,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,12468,12469,12471,12473,12475,12477,12479,12481,12483],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,12470,121],{"class":120},[55,12472,103],{"class":69},[55,12474,248],{"class":247},[55,12476,12310],{"class":251},[55,12478,248],{"class":247},[55,12480,77],{"class":69},[55,12482,12317],{"class":99},[55,12484,114],{"class":69},[55,12486,12487,12489,12491,12493,12495,12497,12499,12501],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,12488,121],{"class":120},[55,12490,103],{"class":69},[55,12492,248],{"class":247},[55,12494,12330],{"class":251},[55,12496,248],{"class":247},[55,12498,77],{"class":69},[55,12500,12337],{"class":99},[55,12502,114],{"class":69},[55,12504,12505,12507,12509,12511,12513,12515],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,12506,121],{"class":120},[55,12508,103],{"class":69},[55,12510,12242],{"class":99},[55,12512,12350],{"class":4040},[55,12514,12337],{"class":99},[55,12516,114],{"class":69},[20,12518,302],{},[46,12520,12522],{"className":48,"code":12521,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12523,12524,12532,12564],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12525,12526,12528,12530],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12527,12289],{"class":61},[55,12529,153],{"class":69},[55,12531,10000],{"class":69},[55,12533,12534,12536,12538,12540,12542,12544,12546,12548,12550,12552,12554,12556,12558,12560,12562],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,12535,12374],{"class":61},[55,12537,153],{"class":69},[55,12539,10652],{"class":69},[55,12541,315],{"class":247},[55,12543,36],{"class":251},[55,12545,315],{"class":247},[55,12547,153],{"class":69},[55,12549,630],{"class":73},[55,12551,77],{"class":69},[55,12553,324],{"class":247},[55,12555,285],{"class":251},[55,12557,315],{"class":247},[55,12559,153],{"class":69},[55,12561,80],{"class":73},[55,12563,9471],{"class":69},[55,12565,12566],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,12567,4204],{"class":1312},[20,12569,2341],{},[155,12571,12572,12578],{},[158,12573,12574,12577],{},[15,12575,12576],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[158,12579,12580,12582],{},[15,12581,12374],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12584,12585,12586,44],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[36,12587,12589],{"href":12588},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12590,12591],{},"dict.copy()",[142,12593,1937,12595],{"id":12594},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12596,11481],{},[20,12598,12599,12601],{},[15,12600,11481],{}," is useful when you want to:",[155,12603,12604,12607,12610],{},[158,12605,12606],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[158,12608,12609],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[158,12611,12612],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12614,230],{},[46,12616,12618],{"className":48,"code":12617,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12619,12620,12629,12645,12665,12678,12682,12686,12691,12702,12706],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12621,12622,12625,12627],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12623,12624],{"class":61},"session_data ",[55,12626,66],{"class":65},[55,12628,11652],{"class":69},[55,12630,12631,12633,12636,12638,12640,12643],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,12632,11657],{"class":247},[55,12634,12635],{"class":251},"user_id",[55,12637,248],{"class":247},[55,12639,153],{"class":69},[55,12641,12642],{"class":73}," 101",[55,12644,11673],{"class":69},[55,12646,12647,12649,12652,12654,12656,12658,12661,12663],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,12648,11657],{"class":247},[55,12650,12651],{"class":251},"theme",[55,12653,248],{"class":247},[55,12655,153],{"class":69},[55,12657,258],{"class":247},[55,12659,12660],{"class":251},"dark",[55,12662,248],{"class":247},[55,12664,11673],{"class":69},[55,12666,12667,12669,12672,12674,12676],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,12668,11657],{"class":247},[55,12670,12671],{"class":251},"logged_in",[55,12673,248],{"class":247},[55,12675,153],{"class":69},[55,12677,6581],{"class":1312},[55,12679,12680],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,12681,9471],{"class":69},[55,12683,12684],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,12685,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,12687,12688],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,12689,12690],{"class":133},"# Reset for a new session\n",[55,12692,12693,12696,12698,12700],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,12694,12695],{"class":61},"session_data",[55,12697,44],{"class":69},[55,12699,11542],{"class":99},[55,12701,8804],{"class":69},[55,12703,12704],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,12705,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,12707,12708,12710,12712,12714,12716],{"class":57,"line":6595},[55,12709,121],{"class":120},[55,12711,103],{"class":69},[55,12713,12695],{"class":99},[55,12715,3825],{"class":69},[55,12717,11557],{"class":133},[20,12719,12720,12721,12727,12728,44,12732,12734,12735,44],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[36,12722,12724],{"href":12723},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12725,12726],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[36,12729,12731],{"href":12730},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10008,12733],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[36,12736,12738],{"href":12737},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12739,12740],{},"dict.popitem()",[142,12742,2992],{"id":2991},[20,12744,10907,12745,153],{},[15,12746,11481],{},[155,12748,12749,12754,12759,12762],{},[158,12750,1220,12751,12753],{},[15,12752,11481],{}," to a variable",[158,12755,1553,12756,12758],{},[15,12757,11481],{}," to return a new dictionary",[158,12760,12761],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[158,12763,12764],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12766,12767],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[46,12769,12771],{"className":48,"code":12770,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12772,12773,12783,12797,12812],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12774,12775,12777,12779,12781],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12776,121],{"class":120},[55,12778,103],{"class":69},[55,12780,11608],{"class":99},[55,12782,114],{"class":69},[55,12784,12785,12787,12789,12791,12793,12795],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,12786,121],{"class":120},[55,12788,103],{"class":69},[55,12790,1910],{"class":1898},[55,12792,103],{"class":69},[55,12794,11608],{"class":99},[55,12796,1867],{"class":69},[55,12798,12799,12801,12803,12806,12808,12810],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,12800,121],{"class":120},[55,12802,103],{"class":69},[55,12804,12805],{"class":120},"id",[55,12807,103],{"class":69},[55,12809,11608],{"class":99},[55,12811,1867],{"class":69},[55,12813,12814,12816,12818,12820,12822,12824],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,12815,121],{"class":120},[55,12817,103],{"class":69},[55,12819,12275],{"class":99},[55,12821,12350],{"class":4040},[55,12823,11923],{"class":99},[55,12825,114],{"class":69},[20,12827,12828],{},"What these show:",[155,12830,12831,12837,12843,12849],{},[158,12832,12833,12836],{},[15,12834,12835],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[158,12838,12839,12842],{},[15,12840,12841],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[158,12844,12845,12848],{},[15,12846,12847],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[158,12850,12851,12854],{},[15,12852,12853],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[142,12856,1986],{"id":1985},[577,12858,1990,12860,12862],{"id":12859},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12861,11481],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12864,12865],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[577,12867,5303,12869,12871],{"id":12868},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12870,11486],{}," return?",[20,12873,5309,12874,44],{},[15,12875,172],{},[577,12877,2022,12879,352,12881,2027],{"id":12878},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12880,11481],{},[15,12882,3955],{},[20,12884,12885,12887,12888,12890],{},[15,12886,11481],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12889,3955],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[577,12892,1990,12894,12896],{"id":12893},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12895,11481],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12898,12899],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[142,12901,2039],{"id":2038},[155,12903,12904,12908,12912,12919,12926,12933,12938],{},[158,12905,12906],{},[36,12907,9317],{"href":9316},[158,12909,12910],{},[36,12911,11402],{"href":9553},[158,12913,12914],{},[36,12915,10897,12916,43],{"href":12723},[15,12917,12918],{},"pop()",[158,12920,12921],{},[36,12922,10897,12923,43],{"href":12737},[15,12924,12925],{},"popitem()",[158,12927,12928],{},[36,12929,10897,12930,43],{"href":12588},[15,12931,12932],{},"copy()",[158,12934,12935],{},[36,12936,12937],{"href":12221},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[158,12939,12940],{},[36,12941,12942],{"href":12730},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2080,12944,12945],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":12947},[12948,12949,12951,12952,12953,12957,12962,12963,12965,12966,12976],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":11565,"depth":91,"text":12950},"What clear() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":11859,"depth":91,"text":12954,"children":12955},"What clear() returns",[12956],{"id":11971,"depth":117,"text":11972},{"id":12151,"depth":91,"text":12958,"children":12959},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12960,12961],{"id":11542,"depth":117,"text":11481},{"id":11608,"depth":117,"text":12204},{"id":12225,"depth":91,"text":12226},{"id":12594,"depth":91,"text":12964},"When to use clear()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":12967},[12968,12970,12972,12974],{"id":12859,"depth":117,"text":12969},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12868,"depth":117,"text":12971},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12878,"depth":117,"text":12973},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12893,"depth":117,"text":12975},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11472,"description":12977},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12984,"title":12985,"body":12986,"description":15146,"extension":2124,"meta":15147,"navigation":428,"path":15148,"seo":15149,"stem":15150,"__hash__":15151},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12987,"toc":15118},[12988,12993,12998,13008,13010,13099,13103,13144,13149,13156,13174,13183,13185,13206,13209,13221,13223,13298,13302,13343,13345,13348,13474,13478,13558,13561,13579,13582,13586,13592,13594,13605,13607,13801,13805,13911,13914,13932,13935,13942,13947,13951,13965,13967,14094,14098,14178,14191,14197,14200,14208,14212,14337,14341,14415,14420,14551,14555,14629,14632,14646,14650,14654,14668,14670,14806,14810,14879,14881,14885,14907,14910,15017,15020,15031,15038,15040,15046,15049,15056,15059,15066,15074,15078,15081,15083,15115],[10,12989,11478,12991,18],{"id":12990},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12992,12932],{},[20,12994,12995,12997],{},[15,12996,12591],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12999,13000,13001,13003,13004,13007],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13002,12932],{}," makes a ",[1966,13005,13006],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[142,13009,2165],{"id":2164},[46,13011,13013],{"className":48,"code":13012,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13014,13015,13053,13070,13074,13085],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13016,13017,13020,13022,13024,13026,13028,13030,13032,13034,13037,13039,13041,13043,13045,13047,13049,13051],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13018,13019],{"class":61},"student ",[55,13021,66],{"class":65},[55,13023,10652],{"class":69},[55,13025,248],{"class":247},[55,13027,7829],{"class":251},[55,13029,248],{"class":247},[55,13031,153],{"class":69},[55,13033,258],{"class":247},[55,13035,13036],{"class":251},"Ana",[55,13038,248],{"class":247},[55,13040,77],{"class":69},[55,13042,258],{"class":247},[55,13044,9461],{"class":251},[55,13046,248],{"class":247},[55,13048,153],{"class":69},[55,13050,7951],{"class":73},[55,13052,9471],{"class":69},[55,13054,13055,13058,13060,13063,13065,13068],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,13056,13057],{"class":61},"student_copy ",[55,13059,66],{"class":65},[55,13061,13062],{"class":61}," student",[55,13064,44],{"class":69},[55,13066,13067],{"class":99},"copy",[55,13069,8804],{"class":69},[55,13071,13072],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,13073,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,13075,13076,13078,13080,13083],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,13077,121],{"class":120},[55,13079,103],{"class":69},[55,13081,13082],{"class":99},"student_copy",[55,13084,114],{"class":69},[55,13086,13087,13089,13091,13093,13095,13097],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,13088,121],{"class":120},[55,13090,103],{"class":69},[55,13092,13057],{"class":99},[55,13094,12350],{"class":4040},[55,13096,13062],{"class":99},[55,13098,114],{"class":69},[20,13100,13101],{},[1966,13102,302],{},[46,13104,13106],{"className":48,"code":13105,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13107,13108,13140],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13109,13110,13112,13114,13116,13118,13120,13122,13124,13126,13128,13130,13132,13134,13136,13138],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13111,9440],{"class":69},[55,13113,315],{"class":247},[55,13115,7829],{"class":251},[55,13117,315],{"class":247},[55,13119,153],{"class":69},[55,13121,324],{"class":247},[55,13123,13036],{"class":251},[55,13125,315],{"class":247},[55,13127,77],{"class":69},[55,13129,324],{"class":247},[55,13131,9461],{"class":251},[55,13133,315],{"class":247},[55,13135,153],{"class":69},[55,13137,7951],{"class":73},[55,13139,9471],{"class":69},[55,13141,13142],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,13143,4204],{"class":1312},[20,13145,31,13146,13148],{},[15,13147,12932],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[142,13150,13152,13153,13155],{"id":13151},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13154,12932],{}," method does",[155,13157,13158,13163,13166,13171],{},[158,13159,13160,13162],{},[15,13161,12591],{}," returns a new dictionary",[158,13164,13165],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[158,13167,13168,13169],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13170,12932],{},[158,13172,13173],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13175,13176,13177,3041,13180,44],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[36,13178,9317],{"href":13179},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[36,13181,9554],{"href":13182},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[142,13184,2319],{"id":2318},[46,13186,13188],{"className":48,"code":13187,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13189,13190],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13191,13192,13195,13197,13200,13202,13204],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13193,13194],{"class":61},"new_dict ",[55,13196,66],{"class":65},[55,13198,13199],{"class":61}," old_dict",[55,13201,44],{"class":69},[55,13203,13067],{"class":99},[55,13205,8804],{"class":69},[20,13207,13208],{},"Key points:",[155,13210,13211,13215,13218],{},[158,13212,13213,11624],{},[15,13214,12932],{},[158,13216,13217],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[158,13219,13220],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13222,230],{},[46,13224,13226],{"className":48,"code":13225,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13227,13228,13268,13283,13287],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13229,13230,13232,13234,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252,13254,13256,13258,13260,13262,13264,13266],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13231,372],{"class":61},[55,13233,66],{"class":65},[55,13235,10652],{"class":69},[55,13237,248],{"class":247},[55,13239,36],{"class":251},[55,13241,248],{"class":247},[55,13243,153],{"class":69},[55,13245,258],{"class":247},[55,13247,381],{"class":251},[55,13249,248],{"class":247},[55,13251,77],{"class":69},[55,13253,258],{"class":247},[55,13255,285],{"class":251},[55,13257,248],{"class":247},[55,13259,153],{"class":69},[55,13261,258],{"class":247},[55,13263,390],{"class":251},[55,13265,248],{"class":247},[55,13267,9471],{"class":69},[55,13269,13270,13273,13275,13277,13279,13281],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,13271,13272],{"class":61},"new_colors ",[55,13274,66],{"class":65},[55,13276,421],{"class":61},[55,13278,44],{"class":69},[55,13280,13067],{"class":99},[55,13282,8804],{"class":69},[55,13284,13285],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,13286,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,13288,13289,13291,13293,13296],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,13290,121],{"class":120},[55,13292,103],{"class":69},[55,13294,13295],{"class":99},"new_colors",[55,13297,114],{"class":69},[20,13299,13300],{},[1966,13301,302],{},[46,13303,13305],{"className":48,"code":13304,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13306,13307],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13308,13309,13311,13313,13315,13317,13319,13321,13323,13325,13327,13329,13331,13333,13335,13337,13339,13341],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13310,9440],{"class":69},[55,13312,315],{"class":247},[55,13314,36],{"class":251},[55,13316,315],{"class":247},[55,13318,153],{"class":69},[55,13320,324],{"class":247},[55,13322,381],{"class":251},[55,13324,315],{"class":247},[55,13326,77],{"class":69},[55,13328,324],{"class":247},[55,13330,285],{"class":251},[55,13332,315],{"class":247},[55,13334,153],{"class":69},[55,13336,324],{"class":247},[55,13338,390],{"class":251},[55,13340,315],{"class":247},[55,13342,9471],{"class":69},[142,13344,11634],{"id":11633},[20,13346,13347],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[46,13349,13351],{"className":48,"code":13350,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13352,13353,13391,13407,13411,13431,13435,13454],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13354,13355,13358,13360,13362,13364,13366,13368,13370,13372,13375,13377,13379,13381,13383,13385,13387,13389],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13356,13357],{"class":61},"person ",[55,13359,66],{"class":65},[55,13361,10652],{"class":69},[55,13363,248],{"class":247},[55,13365,7829],{"class":251},[55,13367,248],{"class":247},[55,13369,153],{"class":69},[55,13371,258],{"class":247},[55,13373,13374],{"class":251},"Liam",[55,13376,248],{"class":247},[55,13378,77],{"class":69},[55,13380,258],{"class":247},[55,13382,9461],{"class":251},[55,13384,248],{"class":247},[55,13386,153],{"class":69},[55,13388,9468],{"class":73},[55,13390,9471],{"class":69},[55,13392,13393,13396,13398,13401,13403,13405],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,13394,13395],{"class":61},"person_copy ",[55,13397,66],{"class":65},[55,13399,13400],{"class":61}," person",[55,13402,44],{"class":69},[55,13404,13067],{"class":99},[55,13406,8804],{"class":69},[55,13408,13409],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,13410,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,13412,13413,13416,13418,13420,13422,13424,13426,13428],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,13414,13415],{"class":61},"person_copy",[55,13417,312],{"class":69},[55,13419,248],{"class":247},[55,13421,9461],{"class":251},[55,13423,248],{"class":247},[55,13425,1680],{"class":69},[55,13427,1683],{"class":65},[55,13429,13430],{"class":73}," 26\n",[55,13432,13433],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,13434,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,13436,13437,13439,13441,13443,13446,13448,13450,13452],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,13438,121],{"class":120},[55,13440,103],{"class":69},[55,13442,248],{"class":247},[55,13444,13445],{"class":251},"Original:",[55,13447,248],{"class":247},[55,13449,77],{"class":69},[55,13451,13400],{"class":99},[55,13453,114],{"class":69},[55,13455,13456,13458,13460,13462,13465,13467,13469,13472],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,13457,121],{"class":120},[55,13459,103],{"class":69},[55,13461,248],{"class":247},[55,13463,13464],{"class":251},"Copy:",[55,13466,248],{"class":247},[55,13468,77],{"class":69},[55,13470,13471],{"class":99}," person_copy",[55,13473,114],{"class":69},[20,13475,13476],{},[1966,13477,302],{},[46,13479,13481],{"className":48,"code":13480,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13482,13483,13520],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13484,13485,13488,13490,13492,13494,13496,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512,13514,13516,13518],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13486,13487],{"class":61},"Original",[55,13489,153],{"class":69},[55,13491,10652],{"class":69},[55,13493,315],{"class":247},[55,13495,7829],{"class":251},[55,13497,315],{"class":247},[55,13499,153],{"class":69},[55,13501,324],{"class":247},[55,13503,13374],{"class":251},[55,13505,315],{"class":247},[55,13507,77],{"class":69},[55,13509,324],{"class":247},[55,13511,9461],{"class":251},[55,13513,315],{"class":247},[55,13515,153],{"class":69},[55,13517,9468],{"class":73},[55,13519,9471],{"class":69},[55,13521,13522,13525,13527,13529,13531,13533,13535,13537,13539,13541,13543,13545,13547,13549,13551,13553,13556],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,13523,13524],{"class":61},"Copy",[55,13526,153],{"class":69},[55,13528,10652],{"class":69},[55,13530,315],{"class":247},[55,13532,7829],{"class":251},[55,13534,315],{"class":247},[55,13536,153],{"class":69},[55,13538,324],{"class":247},[55,13540,13374],{"class":251},[55,13542,315],{"class":247},[55,13544,77],{"class":69},[55,13546,324],{"class":247},[55,13548,9461],{"class":251},[55,13550,315],{"class":247},[55,13552,153],{"class":69},[55,13554,13555],{"class":73}," 26",[55,13557,9471],{"class":69},[20,13559,13560],{},"What happened here:",[155,13562,13563,13569,13576],{},[158,13564,13565,13568],{},[15,13566,13567],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[158,13570,13571,13572,13575],{},"Changing ",[15,13573,13574],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[158,13577,13578],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13580,13581],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[142,13583,13585],{"id":13584},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13587,13588,13003,13590,44],{},[15,13589,12932],{},[1966,13591,13006],{},[20,13593,2268],{},[155,13595,13596,13599,13602],{},[158,13597,13598],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[158,13600,13601],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[158,13603,13604],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13606,230],{},[46,13608,13610],{"className":48,"code":13609,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13611,13612,13620,13638,13661,13665,13669,13683,13687,13711,13715,13733,13752,13767],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13613,13614,13616,13618],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13615,13019],{"class":61},[55,13617,66],{"class":65},[55,13619,11652],{"class":69},[55,13621,13622,13624,13626,13628,13630,13632,13634,13636],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,13623,11657],{"class":247},[55,13625,7829],{"class":251},[55,13627,248],{"class":247},[55,13629,153],{"class":69},[55,13631,258],{"class":247},[55,13633,13036],{"class":251},[55,13635,248],{"class":247},[55,13637,11673],{"class":69},[55,13639,13640,13642,13645,13647,13649,13651,13654,13656,13659],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,13641,11657],{"class":247},[55,13643,13644],{"class":251},"grades",[55,13646,248],{"class":247},[55,13648,153],{"class":69},[55,13650,70],{"class":69},[55,13652,13653],{"class":73},"90",[55,13655,77],{"class":69},[55,13657,13658],{"class":73}," 85",[55,13660,88],{"class":69},[55,13662,13663],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,13664,9471],{"class":69},[55,13666,13667],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,13668,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,13670,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,13672,13057],{"class":61},[55,13674,66],{"class":65},[55,13676,13062],{"class":61},[55,13678,44],{"class":69},[55,13680,13067],{"class":99},[55,13682,8804],{"class":69},[55,13684,13685],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,13686,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,13688,13689,13691,13693,13695,13697,13699,13702,13704,13706,13709],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,13690,13082],{"class":61},[55,13692,312],{"class":69},[55,13694,248],{"class":247},[55,13696,13644],{"class":251},[55,13698,248],{"class":247},[55,13700,13701],{"class":69},"].",[55,13703,1100],{"class":99},[55,13705,103],{"class":69},[55,13707,13708],{"class":73},"100",[55,13710,114],{"class":69},[55,13712,13713],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,13714,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,13716,13717,13719,13721,13723,13725,13727,13729,13731],{"class":57,"line":6595},[55,13718,121],{"class":120},[55,13720,103],{"class":69},[55,13722,248],{"class":247},[55,13724,13445],{"class":251},[55,13726,248],{"class":247},[55,13728,77],{"class":69},[55,13730,13062],{"class":99},[55,13732,114],{"class":69},[55,13734,13735,13737,13739,13741,13743,13745,13747,13750],{"class":57,"line":11753},[55,13736,121],{"class":120},[55,13738,103],{"class":69},[55,13740,248],{"class":247},[55,13742,13464],{"class":251},[55,13744,248],{"class":247},[55,13746,77],{"class":69},[55,13748,13749],{"class":99}," student_copy",[55,13751,114],{"class":69},[55,13753,13755,13757,13759,13761,13763,13765],{"class":57,"line":13754},12,[55,13756,121],{"class":120},[55,13758,103],{"class":69},[55,13760,13019],{"class":99},[55,13762,12350],{"class":4040},[55,13764,13749],{"class":99},[55,13766,114],{"class":69},[55,13768,13770,13772,13774,13777,13779,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799],{"class":57,"line":13769},13,[55,13771,121],{"class":120},[55,13773,103],{"class":69},[55,13775,13776],{"class":99},"student",[55,13778,312],{"class":69},[55,13780,248],{"class":247},[55,13782,13644],{"class":251},[55,13784,248],{"class":247},[55,13786,1680],{"class":69},[55,13788,8257],{"class":4040},[55,13790,13749],{"class":99},[55,13792,312],{"class":69},[55,13794,248],{"class":247},[55,13796,13644],{"class":251},[55,13798,248],{"class":247},[55,13800,1777],{"class":69},[20,13802,13803],{},[1966,13804,302],{},[46,13806,13808],{"className":48,"code":13807,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13809,13810,13857,13903,13907],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13811,13812,13814,13816,13818,13820,13822,13824,13826,13828,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852,13854],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13813,13487],{"class":61},[55,13815,153],{"class":69},[55,13817,10652],{"class":69},[55,13819,315],{"class":247},[55,13821,7829],{"class":251},[55,13823,315],{"class":247},[55,13825,153],{"class":69},[55,13827,324],{"class":247},[55,13829,13036],{"class":251},[55,13831,315],{"class":247},[55,13833,77],{"class":69},[55,13835,324],{"class":247},[55,13837,13644],{"class":251},[55,13839,315],{"class":247},[55,13841,153],{"class":69},[55,13843,70],{"class":69},[55,13845,13653],{"class":73},[55,13847,77],{"class":69},[55,13849,13658],{"class":73},[55,13851,77],{"class":69},[55,13853,10280],{"class":73},[55,13855,13856],{"class":69},"]}\n",[55,13858,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875,13877,13879,13881,13883,13885,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,13860,13524],{"class":61},[55,13862,153],{"class":69},[55,13864,10652],{"class":69},[55,13866,315],{"class":247},[55,13868,7829],{"class":251},[55,13870,315],{"class":247},[55,13872,153],{"class":69},[55,13874,324],{"class":247},[55,13876,13036],{"class":251},[55,13878,315],{"class":247},[55,13880,77],{"class":69},[55,13882,324],{"class":247},[55,13884,13644],{"class":251},[55,13886,315],{"class":247},[55,13888,153],{"class":69},[55,13890,70],{"class":69},[55,13892,13653],{"class":73},[55,13894,77],{"class":69},[55,13896,13658],{"class":73},[55,13898,77],{"class":69},[55,13900,10280],{"class":73},[55,13902,13856],{"class":69},[55,13904,13905],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,13906,4204],{"class":1312},[55,13908,13909],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,13910,4143],{"class":1312},[20,13912,13913],{},"Notice the difference:",[155,13915,13916,13924],{},[158,13917,13918,4944,13921,13923],{},[15,13919,13920],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13922,3838],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[158,13925,13926,4944,13929,13931],{},[15,13927,13928],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13930,3769],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13933,13934],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13936,13937,13938,44],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[36,13939,13941],{"href":13940},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[142,13943,1937,13945],{"id":13944},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13946,12932],{},[20,13948,31,13949,993],{},[15,13950,12932],{},[155,13952,13953,13956,13959,13962],{},[158,13954,13955],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[158,13957,13958],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[158,13960,13961],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[158,13963,13964],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13966,230],{},[46,13968,13970],{"className":48,"code":13969,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13971,13972,14011,14027,14031,14051,14055,14074],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13973,13974,13977,13979,13981,13983,13985,13987,13989,13991,13993,13995,13997,13999,14002,14004,14006,14009],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13975,13976],{"class":61},"settings ",[55,13978,66],{"class":65},[55,13980,10652],{"class":69},[55,13982,248],{"class":247},[55,13984,12651],{"class":251},[55,13986,248],{"class":247},[55,13988,153],{"class":69},[55,13990,258],{"class":247},[55,13992,12660],{"class":251},[55,13994,248],{"class":247},[55,13996,77],{"class":69},[55,13998,258],{"class":247},[55,14000,14001],{"class":251},"font_size",[55,14003,248],{"class":247},[55,14005,153],{"class":69},[55,14007,14008],{"class":73}," 14",[55,14010,9471],{"class":69},[55,14012,14013,14016,14018,14021,14023,14025],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,14014,14015],{"class":61},"settings_backup ",[55,14017,66],{"class":65},[55,14019,14020],{"class":61}," settings",[55,14022,44],{"class":69},[55,14024,13067],{"class":99},[55,14026,8804],{"class":69},[55,14028,14029],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,14030,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,14032,14033,14036,14038,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,14034,14035],{"class":61},"settings",[55,14037,312],{"class":69},[55,14039,248],{"class":247},[55,14041,14001],{"class":251},[55,14043,248],{"class":247},[55,14045,1680],{"class":69},[55,14047,1683],{"class":65},[55,14049,14050],{"class":73}," 16\n",[55,14052,14053],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,14054,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,14056,14057,14059,14061,14063,14066,14068,14070,14072],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,14058,121],{"class":120},[55,14060,103],{"class":69},[55,14062,248],{"class":247},[55,14064,14065],{"class":251},"Current:",[55,14067,248],{"class":247},[55,14069,77],{"class":69},[55,14071,14020],{"class":99},[55,14073,114],{"class":69},[55,14075,14076,14078,14080,14082,14085,14087,14089,14092],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,14077,121],{"class":120},[55,14079,103],{"class":69},[55,14081,248],{"class":247},[55,14083,14084],{"class":251},"Backup:",[55,14086,248],{"class":247},[55,14088,77],{"class":69},[55,14090,14091],{"class":99}," settings_backup",[55,14093,114],{"class":69},[20,14095,14096],{},[1966,14097,302],{},[46,14099,14101],{"className":48,"code":14100,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14102,14103,14141],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14104,14105,14108,14110,14112,14114,14116,14118,14120,14122,14124,14126,14128,14130,14132,14134,14136,14139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14106,14107],{"class":61},"Current",[55,14109,153],{"class":69},[55,14111,10652],{"class":69},[55,14113,315],{"class":247},[55,14115,12651],{"class":251},[55,14117,315],{"class":247},[55,14119,153],{"class":69},[55,14121,324],{"class":247},[55,14123,12660],{"class":251},[55,14125,315],{"class":247},[55,14127,77],{"class":69},[55,14129,324],{"class":247},[55,14131,14001],{"class":251},[55,14133,315],{"class":247},[55,14135,153],{"class":69},[55,14137,14138],{"class":73}," 16",[55,14140,9471],{"class":69},[55,14142,14143,14146,14148,14150,14152,14154,14156,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,14144,14145],{"class":61},"Backup",[55,14147,153],{"class":69},[55,14149,10652],{"class":69},[55,14151,315],{"class":247},[55,14153,12651],{"class":251},[55,14155,315],{"class":247},[55,14157,153],{"class":69},[55,14159,324],{"class":247},[55,14161,12660],{"class":251},[55,14163,315],{"class":247},[55,14165,77],{"class":69},[55,14167,324],{"class":247},[55,14169,14001],{"class":251},[55,14171,315],{"class":247},[55,14173,153],{"class":69},[55,14175,14008],{"class":73},[55,14177,9471],{"class":69},[20,14179,14180,14181,3041,14187,44],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[36,14182,14184],{"href":14183},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14185,14186],{},"dict.update()",[36,14188,14189],{"href":12979},[15,14190,11486],{},[142,14192,14194,14196],{"id":14193},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14195,12932],{}," vs assignment",[20,14198,14199],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14201,8578,14202,14204,14205,14207],{},[15,14203,66],{}," does ",[1966,14206,1968],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[577,14209,14211],{"id":14210},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[46,14213,14215],{"className":48,"code":14214,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14216,14217,14249,14258,14262,14281,14285,14303,14323],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14218,14219,14221,14223,14225,14227,14229,14231,14233,14235,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14220,12242],{"class":61},[55,14222,66],{"class":65},[55,14224,10652],{"class":69},[55,14226,248],{"class":247},[55,14228,2336],{"class":251},[55,14230,248],{"class":247},[55,14232,153],{"class":69},[55,14234,630],{"class":73},[55,14236,77],{"class":69},[55,14238,258],{"class":247},[55,14240,11902],{"class":251},[55,14242,248],{"class":247},[55,14244,153],{"class":69},[55,14246,80],{"class":73},[55,14248,9471],{"class":69},[55,14250,14251,14254,14256],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,14252,14253],{"class":61},"assigned ",[55,14255,66],{"class":65},[55,14257,12280],{"class":61},[55,14259,14260],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,14261,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,14263,14264,14267,14269,14271,14273,14275,14277,14279],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,14265,14266],{"class":61},"assigned",[55,14268,312],{"class":69},[55,14270,248],{"class":247},[55,14272,2336],{"class":251},[55,14274,248],{"class":247},[55,14276,1680],{"class":69},[55,14278,1683],{"class":65},[55,14280,1686],{"class":73},[55,14282,14283],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,14284,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,14286,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,14288,121],{"class":120},[55,14290,103],{"class":69},[55,14292,248],{"class":247},[55,14294,13445],{"class":251},[55,14296,248],{"class":247},[55,14298,77],{"class":69},[55,14300,12317],{"class":99},[55,14302,114],{"class":69},[55,14304,14305,14307,14309,14311,14314,14316,14318,14321],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,14306,121],{"class":120},[55,14308,103],{"class":69},[55,14310,248],{"class":247},[55,14312,14313],{"class":251},"Assigned:",[55,14315,248],{"class":247},[55,14317,77],{"class":69},[55,14319,14320],{"class":99}," assigned",[55,14322,114],{"class":69},[55,14324,14325,14327,14329,14331,14333,14335],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,14326,121],{"class":120},[55,14328,103],{"class":69},[55,14330,12242],{"class":99},[55,14332,12350],{"class":4040},[55,14334,14320],{"class":99},[55,14336,114],{"class":69},[20,14338,14339],{},[1966,14340,302],{},[46,14342,14344],{"className":48,"code":14343,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14345,14346,14378,14411],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14347,14348,14350,14352,14354,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14349,13487],{"class":61},[55,14351,153],{"class":69},[55,14353,10652],{"class":69},[55,14355,315],{"class":247},[55,14357,2336],{"class":251},[55,14359,315],{"class":247},[55,14361,153],{"class":69},[55,14363,1273],{"class":73},[55,14365,77],{"class":69},[55,14367,324],{"class":247},[55,14369,11902],{"class":251},[55,14371,315],{"class":247},[55,14373,153],{"class":69},[55,14375,80],{"class":73},[55,14377,9471],{"class":69},[55,14379,14380,14383,14385,14387,14389,14391,14393,14395,14397,14399,14401,14403,14405,14407,14409],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,14381,14382],{"class":61},"Assigned",[55,14384,153],{"class":69},[55,14386,10652],{"class":69},[55,14388,315],{"class":247},[55,14390,2336],{"class":251},[55,14392,315],{"class":247},[55,14394,153],{"class":69},[55,14396,1273],{"class":73},[55,14398,77],{"class":69},[55,14400,324],{"class":247},[55,14402,11902],{"class":251},[55,14404,315],{"class":247},[55,14406,153],{"class":69},[55,14408,80],{"class":73},[55,14410,9471],{"class":69},[55,14412,14413],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,14414,4143],{"class":1312},[577,14416,8578,14418],{"id":14417},"using-copy",[15,14419,12932],{},[46,14421,14423],{"className":48,"code":14422,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14424,14425,14457,14472,14476,14495,14499,14517,14537],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14426,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437,14439,14441,14443,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14428,12242],{"class":61},[55,14430,66],{"class":65},[55,14432,10652],{"class":69},[55,14434,248],{"class":247},[55,14436,2336],{"class":251},[55,14438,248],{"class":247},[55,14440,153],{"class":69},[55,14442,630],{"class":73},[55,14444,77],{"class":69},[55,14446,258],{"class":247},[55,14448,11902],{"class":251},[55,14450,248],{"class":247},[55,14452,153],{"class":69},[55,14454,80],{"class":73},[55,14456,9471],{"class":69},[55,14458,14459,14462,14464,14466,14468,14470],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,14460,14461],{"class":61},"copied ",[55,14463,66],{"class":65},[55,14465,12317],{"class":61},[55,14467,44],{"class":69},[55,14469,13067],{"class":99},[55,14471,8804],{"class":69},[55,14473,14474],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,14475,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,14477,14478,14481,14483,14485,14487,14489,14491,14493],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,14479,14480],{"class":61},"copied",[55,14482,312],{"class":69},[55,14484,248],{"class":247},[55,14486,2336],{"class":251},[55,14488,248],{"class":247},[55,14490,1680],{"class":69},[55,14492,1683],{"class":65},[55,14494,1686],{"class":73},[55,14496,14497],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,14498,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,14500,14501,14503,14505,14507,14509,14511,14513,14515],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,14502,121],{"class":120},[55,14504,103],{"class":69},[55,14506,248],{"class":247},[55,14508,13445],{"class":251},[55,14510,248],{"class":247},[55,14512,77],{"class":69},[55,14514,12317],{"class":99},[55,14516,114],{"class":69},[55,14518,14519,14521,14523,14525,14528,14530,14532,14535],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,14520,121],{"class":120},[55,14522,103],{"class":69},[55,14524,248],{"class":247},[55,14526,14527],{"class":251},"Copied:",[55,14529,248],{"class":247},[55,14531,77],{"class":69},[55,14533,14534],{"class":99}," copied",[55,14536,114],{"class":69},[55,14538,14539,14541,14543,14545,14547,14549],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,14540,121],{"class":120},[55,14542,103],{"class":69},[55,14544,12242],{"class":99},[55,14546,12350],{"class":4040},[55,14548,14534],{"class":99},[55,14550,114],{"class":69},[20,14552,14553],{},[1966,14554,302],{},[46,14556,14558],{"className":48,"code":14557,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14559,14560,14592,14625],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14561,14562,14564,14566,14568,14570,14572,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586,14588,14590],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14563,13487],{"class":61},[55,14565,153],{"class":69},[55,14567,10652],{"class":69},[55,14569,315],{"class":247},[55,14571,2336],{"class":251},[55,14573,315],{"class":247},[55,14575,153],{"class":69},[55,14577,630],{"class":73},[55,14579,77],{"class":69},[55,14581,324],{"class":247},[55,14583,11902],{"class":251},[55,14585,315],{"class":247},[55,14587,153],{"class":69},[55,14589,80],{"class":73},[55,14591,9471],{"class":69},[55,14593,14594,14597,14599,14601,14603,14605,14607,14609,14611,14613,14615,14617,14619,14621,14623],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,14595,14596],{"class":61},"Copied",[55,14598,153],{"class":69},[55,14600,10652],{"class":69},[55,14602,315],{"class":247},[55,14604,2336],{"class":251},[55,14606,315],{"class":247},[55,14608,153],{"class":69},[55,14610,1273],{"class":73},[55,14612,77],{"class":69},[55,14614,324],{"class":247},[55,14616,11902],{"class":251},[55,14618,315],{"class":247},[55,14620,153],{"class":69},[55,14622,80],{"class":73},[55,14624,9471],{"class":69},[55,14626,14627],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,14628,4204],{"class":1312},[20,14630,14631],{},"Summary:",[155,14633,14634,14640],{},[158,14635,14636,14639],{},[15,14637,14638],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[158,14641,14642,14645],{},[15,14643,14644],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[142,14647,14649],{"id":14648},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14651,14652,153],{},[15,14653,12932],{},[155,14655,14656,14659,14662,14665],{},[158,14657,14658],{},"Returns a dictionary",[158,14660,14661],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[158,14663,14664],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[158,14666,14667],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14669,230],{},[46,14671,14673],{"className":48,"code":14672,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14674,14675,14707,14723,14727,14745,14765,14769,14787],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14676,14677,14679,14681,14683,14685,14687,14689,14691,14693,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703,14705],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14678,9327],{"class":61},[55,14680,66],{"class":65},[55,14682,10652],{"class":69},[55,14684,248],{"class":247},[55,14686,36],{"class":251},[55,14688,248],{"class":247},[55,14690,153],{"class":69},[55,14692,630],{"class":73},[55,14694,77],{"class":69},[55,14696,258],{"class":247},[55,14698,285],{"class":251},[55,14700,248],{"class":247},[55,14702,153],{"class":69},[55,14704,80],{"class":73},[55,14706,9471],{"class":69},[55,14708,14709,14712,14714,14717,14719,14721],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,14710,14711],{"class":61},"data_copy ",[55,14713,66],{"class":65},[55,14715,14716],{"class":61}," data",[55,14718,44],{"class":69},[55,14720,13067],{"class":99},[55,14722,8804],{"class":69},[55,14724,14725],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,14726,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,14728,14729,14731,14733,14735,14737,14739,14741,14743],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,14730,9366],{"class":61},[55,14732,312],{"class":69},[55,14734,248],{"class":247},[55,14736,36],{"class":251},[55,14738,248],{"class":247},[55,14740,1680],{"class":69},[55,14742,1683],{"class":65},[55,14744,2748],{"class":73},[55,14746,14747,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760,14762],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,14748,14749],{"class":61},"data_copy",[55,14751,312],{"class":69},[55,14753,248],{"class":247},[55,14755,285],{"class":251},[55,14757,248],{"class":247},[55,14759,1680],{"class":69},[55,14761,1683],{"class":65},[55,14763,14764],{"class":73}," 20\n",[55,14766,14767],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,14768,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,14770,14771,14773,14775,14777,14779,14781,14783,14785],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,14772,121],{"class":120},[55,14774,103],{"class":69},[55,14776,248],{"class":247},[55,14778,13445],{"class":251},[55,14780,248],{"class":247},[55,14782,77],{"class":69},[55,14784,14716],{"class":99},[55,14786,114],{"class":69},[55,14788,14789,14791,14793,14795,14797,14799,14801,14804],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,14790,121],{"class":120},[55,14792,103],{"class":69},[55,14794,248],{"class":247},[55,14796,13464],{"class":251},[55,14798,248],{"class":247},[55,14800,77],{"class":69},[55,14802,14803],{"class":99}," data_copy",[55,14805,114],{"class":69},[20,14807,14808],{},[1966,14809,302],{},[46,14811,14813],{"className":48,"code":14812,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14814,14815,14847],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14816,14817,14819,14821,14823,14825,14827,14829,14831,14833,14835,14837,14839,14841,14843,14845],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14818,13487],{"class":61},[55,14820,153],{"class":69},[55,14822,10652],{"class":69},[55,14824,315],{"class":247},[55,14826,36],{"class":251},[55,14828,315],{"class":247},[55,14830,153],{"class":69},[55,14832,6162],{"class":73},[55,14834,77],{"class":69},[55,14836,324],{"class":247},[55,14838,285],{"class":251},[55,14840,315],{"class":247},[55,14842,153],{"class":69},[55,14844,80],{"class":73},[55,14846,9471],{"class":69},[55,14848,14849,14851,14853,14855,14857,14859,14861,14863,14865,14867,14869,14871,14873,14875,14877],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,14850,13524],{"class":61},[55,14852,153],{"class":69},[55,14854,10652],{"class":69},[55,14856,315],{"class":247},[55,14858,36],{"class":251},[55,14860,315],{"class":247},[55,14862,153],{"class":69},[55,14864,630],{"class":73},[55,14866,77],{"class":69},[55,14868,324],{"class":247},[55,14870,285],{"class":251},[55,14872,315],{"class":247},[55,14874,153],{"class":69},[55,14876,7951],{"class":73},[55,14878,9471],{"class":69},[142,14880,2992],{"id":2991},[20,14882,1214,14883,153],{},[15,14884,12591],{},[155,14886,14887,14894,14899,14904],{},[158,14888,8578,14889,11252,14891,14893],{},[15,14890,66],{},[15,14892,12932],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[158,14895,4740,14896,14898],{},[15,14897,12932],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[158,14900,14901,14902],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14903,12932],{},[158,14905,14906],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14908,14909],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[46,14911,14913],{"className":48,"code":14912,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14914,14915,14925,14935,14949,14972,14995],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14916,14917,14919,14921,14923],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14918,121],{"class":120},[55,14920,103],{"class":69},[55,14922,12289],{"class":99},[55,14924,114],{"class":69},[55,14926,14927,14929,14931,14933],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,14928,121],{"class":120},[55,14930,103],{"class":69},[55,14932,14480],{"class":99},[55,14934,114],{"class":69},[55,14936,14937,14939,14941,14943,14945,14947],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,14938,121],{"class":120},[55,14940,103],{"class":69},[55,14942,12242],{"class":99},[55,14944,12350],{"class":4040},[55,14946,14534],{"class":99},[55,14948,114],{"class":69},[55,14950,14951,14953,14955,14957,14959,14961,14963,14966,14968,14970],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,14952,121],{"class":120},[55,14954,103],{"class":69},[55,14956,12805],{"class":120},[55,14958,103],{"class":69},[55,14960,12289],{"class":99},[55,14962,9395],{"class":69},[55,14964,14965],{"class":120}," id",[55,14967,103],{"class":69},[55,14969,14480],{"class":99},[55,14971,1867],{"class":69},[55,14973,14974,14976,14978,14980,14982,14984,14986,14988,14991,14993],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,14975,121],{"class":120},[55,14977,103],{"class":69},[55,14979,12805],{"class":120},[55,14981,103],{"class":69},[55,14983,12289],{"class":99},[55,14985,312],{"class":69},[55,14987,248],{"class":247},[55,14989,14990],{"class":251},"key",[55,14992,248],{"class":247},[55,14994,3162],{"class":69},[55,14996,14997,14999,15001,15003,15005,15007,15009,15011,15013,15015],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,14998,121],{"class":120},[55,15000,103],{"class":69},[55,15002,12805],{"class":120},[55,15004,103],{"class":69},[55,15006,14480],{"class":99},[55,15008,312],{"class":69},[55,15010,248],{"class":247},[55,15012,14990],{"class":251},[55,15014,248],{"class":247},[55,15016,3162],{"class":69},[20,15018,15019],{},"What these help you check:",[155,15021,15022,15025,15028],{},[158,15023,15024],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[158,15026,15027],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[158,15029,15030],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15032,15033,15034,44],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[36,15035,15037],{"href":15036},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[142,15039,1986],{"id":1985},[577,15041,1990,15043,15045],{"id":15042},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15044,12591],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15047,15048],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[577,15050,15052,15053,15055],{"id":15051},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15054,12591],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15057,15058],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[577,15060,2022,15062,352,15064,2027],{"id":15061},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15063,12932],{},[15,15065,66],{},[20,15067,15068,15070,15071,15073],{},[15,15069,12932],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15072,66],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[577,15075,15077],{"id":15076},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15079,15080],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[142,15082,2039],{"id":2038},[155,15084,15085,15089,15093,15097,15104,15110],{},[158,15086,15087],{},[36,15088,11402],{"href":13182},[158,15090,15091],{},[36,15092,9317],{"href":13179},[158,15094,15095],{},[36,15096,13941],{"href":13940},[158,15098,15099],{},[36,15100,10897,15101,43],{"href":14183},[15,15102,15103],{},"update()",[158,15105,15106],{},[36,15107,10897,15108,43],{"href":12979},[15,15109,11481],{},[158,15111,15112],{},[36,15113,15114],{"href":15036},"How to copy a list in Python",[2080,15116,15117],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":15119},[15120,15121,15123,15124,15125,15126,15128,15134,15135,15136,15145],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":13151,"depth":91,"text":15122},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":13584,"depth":91,"text":13585},{"id":13944,"depth":91,"text":15127},"When to use copy()",{"id":14193,"depth":91,"text":15129,"children":15130},"copy() vs assignment",[15131,15132],{"id":14210,"depth":117,"text":14211},{"id":14417,"depth":117,"text":15133},"Using copy()",{"id":14648,"depth":91,"text":14649},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":15137},[15138,15140,15142,15144],{"id":15042,"depth":117,"text":15139},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15051,"depth":117,"text":15141},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15061,"depth":117,"text":15143},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15076,"depth":117,"text":15077},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12985,"description":15146},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15153,"title":15154,"body":15155,"description":17353,"extension":2124,"meta":17354,"navigation":428,"path":13182,"seo":17355,"stem":17356,"__hash__":17357},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15156,"toc":17315},[15157,15160,15166,15175,15177,15253,15257,15306,15309,15313,15327,15330,15334,15347,15350,15383,15397,15400,15412,15416,15419,15427,15507,15511,15564,15568,15586,15588,15670,15673,15675,15678,15681,15704,15728,15732,15740,15743,15747,15756,15761,15819,15823,15856,15862,15868,15871,15926,15930,15980,15983,15989,15992,16000,16002,16047,16052,16061,16064,16067,16114,16116,16121,16124,16218,16222,16275,16278,16334,16337,16341,16344,16358,16362,16428,16432,16457,16460,16464,16542,16546,16549,16552,16572,16575,16628,16632,16635,16638,16651,16653,16742,16749,16752,16763,16765,16768,16788,16792,16794,16803,16806,16845,16849,16851,16860,16869,16871,16909,16913,16960,16964,16985,16989,16992,17104,17109,17207,17229,17231,17235,17242,17246,17252,17256,17259,17263,17266,17273,17281,17283,17309,17312],[10,15158,15154],{"id":15159},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15161,15162,15163,15165],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[1966,15164,9293],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15167,15168,15169,3041,15171,44],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[36,15170,9317],{"href":9316},[36,15172,15174],{"href":15173},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[142,15176,2165],{"id":2164},[46,15178,15180],{"className":48,"code":15179,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15181,15182,15190,15208,15222,15235,15239,15243],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15183,15184,15186,15188],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15185,13019],{"class":61},[55,15187,66],{"class":65},[55,15189,11652],{"class":69},[55,15191,15192,15194,15196,15198,15200,15202,15204,15206],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,15193,11657],{"class":247},[55,15195,7829],{"class":251},[55,15197,248],{"class":247},[55,15199,153],{"class":69},[55,15201,258],{"class":247},[55,15203,13036],{"class":251},[55,15205,248],{"class":247},[55,15207,11673],{"class":69},[55,15209,15210,15212,15214,15216,15218,15220],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,15211,11657],{"class":247},[55,15213,9461],{"class":251},[55,15215,248],{"class":247},[55,15217,153],{"class":69},[55,15219,7951],{"class":73},[55,15221,11673],{"class":69},[55,15223,15224,15226,15229,15231,15233],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,15225,11657],{"class":247},[55,15227,15228],{"class":251},"is_active",[55,15230,248],{"class":247},[55,15232,153],{"class":69},[55,15234,6581],{"class":1312},[55,15236,15237],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,15238,9471],{"class":69},[55,15240,15241],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,15242,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,15244,15245,15247,15249,15251],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,15246,121],{"class":120},[55,15248,103],{"class":69},[55,15250,13776],{"class":99},[55,15252,114],{"class":69},[20,15254,15255],{},[1966,15256,302],{},[46,15258,15260],{"className":48,"code":15259,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15261,15262],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15263,15264,15266,15268,15270,15272,15274,15276,15278,15280,15282,15284,15286,15288,15290,15292,15294,15296,15298,15300,15302,15304],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15265,9440],{"class":69},[55,15267,315],{"class":247},[55,15269,7829],{"class":251},[55,15271,315],{"class":247},[55,15273,153],{"class":69},[55,15275,324],{"class":247},[55,15277,13036],{"class":251},[55,15279,315],{"class":247},[55,15281,77],{"class":69},[55,15283,324],{"class":247},[55,15285,9461],{"class":251},[55,15287,315],{"class":247},[55,15289,153],{"class":69},[55,15291,7951],{"class":73},[55,15293,77],{"class":69},[55,15295,324],{"class":247},[55,15297,15228],{"class":251},[55,15299,315],{"class":247},[55,15301,153],{"class":69},[55,15303,4079],{"class":1312},[55,15305,9471],{"class":69},[20,15307,15308],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[142,15310,15312],{"id":15311},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[155,15314,15315,15318,15321,15324],{},[158,15316,15317],{},"What a dictionary is",[158,15319,15320],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[158,15322,15323],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[158,15325,15326],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[142,15328,15317],{"id":15329},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15331,9290,15332,44],{},[1966,15333,9293],{},[155,15335,15336,15342],{},[158,15337,15338,15339,15341],{},"A ",[1966,15340,14990],{}," is the label",[158,15343,15338,15344,15346],{},[1966,15345,2633],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15348,15349],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[46,15351,15353],{"className":48,"code":15352,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15354,15355,15363,15379],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15356,15357,15359,15361],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15358,13019],{"class":61},[55,15360,66],{"class":65},[55,15362,11652],{"class":69},[55,15364,15365,15367,15369,15371,15373,15375,15377],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,15366,11657],{"class":247},[55,15368,7829],{"class":251},[55,15370,248],{"class":247},[55,15372,153],{"class":69},[55,15374,258],{"class":247},[55,15376,13036],{"class":251},[55,15378,3522],{"class":247},[55,15380,15381],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,15382,9471],{"class":69},[155,15384,15385,15391],{},[158,15386,15387,15390],{},[15,15388,15389],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[158,15392,15393,15396],{},[15,15394,15395],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15398,15399],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[155,15401,15402,15404,15406,15409],{},[158,15403,7829],{},[158,15405,9461],{},[158,15407,15408],{},"email",[158,15410,15411],{},"country",[142,15413,15415],{"id":15414},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15417,15418],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15420,31,15421,15423,15424,44],{},[15,15422,3955],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15425,15426],{},"key: value",[46,15428,15430],{"className":48,"code":15429,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15431,15432,15440,15458,15472,15489,15493,15497],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15433,15434,15436,15438],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15435,13019],{"class":61},[55,15437,66],{"class":65},[55,15439,11652],{"class":69},[55,15441,15442,15444,15446,15448,15450,15452,15454,15456],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,15443,11657],{"class":247},[55,15445,7829],{"class":251},[55,15447,248],{"class":247},[55,15449,153],{"class":69},[55,15451,258],{"class":247},[55,15453,13036],{"class":251},[55,15455,248],{"class":247},[55,15457,11673],{"class":69},[55,15459,15460,15462,15464,15466,15468,15470],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,15461,11657],{"class":247},[55,15463,9461],{"class":251},[55,15465,248],{"class":247},[55,15467,153],{"class":69},[55,15469,7951],{"class":73},[55,15471,11673],{"class":69},[55,15473,15474,15476,15479,15481,15483,15485,15487],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,15475,11657],{"class":247},[55,15477,15478],{"class":251},"course",[55,15480,248],{"class":247},[55,15482,153],{"class":69},[55,15484,258],{"class":247},[55,15486,7457],{"class":251},[55,15488,3522],{"class":247},[55,15490,15491],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,15492,9471],{"class":69},[55,15494,15495],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,15496,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,15498,15499,15501,15503,15505],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,15500,121],{"class":120},[55,15502,103],{"class":69},[55,15504,13776],{"class":99},[55,15506,114],{"class":69},[20,15508,15509],{},[1966,15510,302],{},[46,15512,15514],{"className":48,"code":15513,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15515,15516],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15517,15518,15520,15522,15524,15526,15528,15530,15532,15534,15536,15538,15540,15542,15544,15546,15548,15550,15552,15554,15556,15558,15560,15562],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15519,9440],{"class":69},[55,15521,315],{"class":247},[55,15523,7829],{"class":251},[55,15525,315],{"class":247},[55,15527,153],{"class":69},[55,15529,324],{"class":247},[55,15531,13036],{"class":251},[55,15533,315],{"class":247},[55,15535,77],{"class":69},[55,15537,324],{"class":247},[55,15539,9461],{"class":251},[55,15541,315],{"class":247},[55,15543,153],{"class":69},[55,15545,7951],{"class":73},[55,15547,77],{"class":69},[55,15549,324],{"class":247},[55,15551,15478],{"class":251},[55,15553,315],{"class":247},[55,15555,153],{"class":69},[55,15557,324],{"class":247},[55,15559,7457],{"class":251},[55,15561,315],{"class":247},[55,15563,9471],{"class":69},[577,15565,15567],{"id":15566},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[155,15569,15570,15575,15580,15583],{},[158,15571,31,15572,15574],{},[15,15573,3955],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[158,15576,15577,15578],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15579,15426],{},[158,15581,15582],{},"Separate items with commas",[158,15584,15585],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15587,230],{},[46,15589,15591],{"className":48,"code":15590,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15592,15593,15602,15622,15638,15651,15655,15659],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15594,15595,15598,15600],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15596,15597],{"class":61},"book ",[55,15599,66],{"class":65},[55,15601,11652],{"class":69},[55,15603,15604,15606,15609,15611,15613,15615,15618,15620],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,15605,11657],{"class":247},[55,15607,15608],{"class":251},"title",[55,15610,248],{"class":247},[55,15612,153],{"class":69},[55,15614,258],{"class":247},[55,15616,15617],{"class":251},"Python Basics",[55,15619,248],{"class":247},[55,15621,11673],{"class":69},[55,15623,15624,15626,15629,15631,15633,15636],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,15625,11657],{"class":247},[55,15627,15628],{"class":251},"pages",[55,15630,248],{"class":247},[55,15632,153],{"class":69},[55,15634,15635],{"class":73}," 150",[55,15637,11673],{"class":69},[55,15639,15640,15642,15645,15647,15649],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,15641,11657],{"class":247},[55,15643,15644],{"class":251},"available",[55,15646,248],{"class":247},[55,15648,153],{"class":69},[55,15650,6581],{"class":1312},[55,15652,15653],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,15654,9471],{"class":69},[55,15656,15657],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,15658,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,15660,15661,15663,15665,15668],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,15662,121],{"class":120},[55,15664,103],{"class":69},[55,15666,15667],{"class":99},"book",[55,15669,114],{"class":69},[20,15671,15672],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[142,15674,9565],{"id":9564},[20,15676,15677],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15679,15680],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[46,15682,15684],{"className":48,"code":15683,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15685,15686,15694],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15687,15688,15690,15692],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15689,9327],{"class":61},[55,15691,66],{"class":65},[55,15693,10000],{"class":69},[55,15695,15696,15698,15700,15702],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,15697,121],{"class":120},[55,15699,103],{"class":69},[55,15701,9366],{"class":99},[55,15703,114],{"class":69},[46,15705,15706],{"className":48,"code":9568,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,15707,15708,15718],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15709,15710,15712,15714,15716],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15711,9327],{"class":61},[55,15713,66],{"class":65},[55,15715,9332],{"class":1898},[55,15717,8804],{"class":69},[55,15719,15720,15722,15724,15726],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,15721,121],{"class":120},[55,15723,103],{"class":69},[55,15725,9366],{"class":99},[55,15727,114],{"class":69},[20,15729,15730],{},[1966,15731,302],{},[46,15733,15734],{"className":48,"code":9597,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,15735,15736],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15737,15738],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15739,9597],{"class":69},[20,15741,15742],{},"Both are correct.",[577,15744,15746],{"id":15745},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15748,15749,15751,15752,15755],{},[15,15750,3955],{}," creates an empty ",[1966,15753,15754],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15757,15758,15759,44],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15760,3960],{},[46,15762,15764],{"className":48,"code":15763,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15765,15766,15774,15786,15790,15804],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15767,15768,15770,15772],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15769,11881],{"class":61},[55,15771,66],{"class":65},[55,15773,10000],{"class":69},[55,15775,15776,15779,15781,15784],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,15777,15778],{"class":61},"my_set ",[55,15780,66],{"class":65},[55,15782,15783],{"class":1898}," set",[55,15785,8804],{"class":69},[55,15787,15788],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,15789,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,15791,15792,15794,15796,15798,15800,15802],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,15793,121],{"class":120},[55,15795,103],{"class":69},[55,15797,1910],{"class":1898},[55,15799,103],{"class":69},[55,15801,11608],{"class":99},[55,15803,1867],{"class":69},[55,15805,15806,15808,15810,15812,15814,15817],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,15807,121],{"class":120},[55,15809,103],{"class":69},[55,15811,1910],{"class":1898},[55,15813,103],{"class":69},[55,15815,15816],{"class":99},"my_set",[55,15818,1867],{"class":69},[20,15820,15821],{},[1966,15822,302],{},[46,15824,15826],{"className":48,"code":15825,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15827,15828,15842],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15829,15830,15832,15834,15836,15838,15840],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15831,3454],{"class":65},[55,15833,3457],{"class":2226},[55,15835,324],{"class":247},[55,15837,8983],{"class":251},[55,15839,315],{"class":247},[55,15841,3466],{"class":65},[55,15843,15844,15846,15848,15850,15852,15854],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,15845,3454],{"class":65},[55,15847,3457],{"class":2226},[55,15849,324],{"class":247},[55,15851,6445],{"class":251},[55,15853,315],{"class":247},[55,15855,3466],{"class":65},[142,15857,15859,15860],{"id":15858},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15861,9281],{},[20,15863,15864,15865,15867],{},"You can also use ",[15,15866,9281],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15869,15870],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[46,15872,15874],{"className":48,"code":15873,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15875,15876,15916],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15877,15878,15880,15882,15884,15886,15888,15890,15892,15894,15896,15898,15900,15902,15905,15907,15910,15912,15914],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15879,13019],{"class":61},[55,15881,66],{"class":65},[55,15883,9332],{"class":1898},[55,15885,103],{"class":69},[55,15887,7829],{"class":9337},[55,15889,66],{"class":65},[55,15891,248],{"class":247},[55,15893,13036],{"class":251},[55,15895,248],{"class":247},[55,15897,77],{"class":69},[55,15899,9350],{"class":9337},[55,15901,66],{"class":65},[55,15903,15904],{"class":73},"20",[55,15906,77],{"class":69},[55,15908,15909],{"class":9337}," active",[55,15911,66],{"class":65},[55,15913,3769],{"class":1312},[55,15915,114],{"class":69},[55,15917,15918,15920,15922,15924],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,15919,121],{"class":120},[55,15921,103],{"class":69},[55,15923,13776],{"class":99},[55,15925,114],{"class":69},[20,15927,15928],{},[1966,15929,302],{},[46,15931,15933],{"className":48,"code":15932,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15934,15935],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15936,15937,15939,15941,15943,15945,15947,15949,15951,15953,15955,15957,15959,15961,15963,15965,15967,15969,15972,15974,15976,15978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15938,9440],{"class":69},[55,15940,315],{"class":247},[55,15942,7829],{"class":251},[55,15944,315],{"class":247},[55,15946,153],{"class":69},[55,15948,324],{"class":247},[55,15950,13036],{"class":251},[55,15952,315],{"class":247},[55,15954,77],{"class":69},[55,15956,324],{"class":247},[55,15958,9461],{"class":251},[55,15960,315],{"class":247},[55,15962,153],{"class":69},[55,15964,7951],{"class":73},[55,15966,77],{"class":69},[55,15968,324],{"class":247},[55,15970,15971],{"class":251},"active",[55,15973,315],{"class":247},[55,15975,153],{"class":69},[55,15977,4079],{"class":1312},[55,15979,9471],{"class":69},[20,15981,15982],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[577,15984,15986,15987],{"id":15985},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15988,9281],{},[20,15990,15991],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[155,15993,15994,15997],{},[158,15995,15996],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[158,15998,15999],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16001,6847],{},[46,16003,16005],{"className":48,"code":16004,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16006,16007,16037],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16008,16009,16011,16013,16015,16017,16019,16021,16023,16025,16027,16029,16031,16033,16035],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16010,11647],{"class":61},[55,16012,66],{"class":65},[55,16014,9332],{"class":1898},[55,16016,103],{"class":69},[55,16018,7829],{"class":9337},[55,16020,66],{"class":65},[55,16022,248],{"class":247},[55,16024,7838],{"class":251},[55,16026,248],{"class":247},[55,16028,77],{"class":69},[55,16030,9350],{"class":9337},[55,16032,66],{"class":65},[55,16034,9355],{"class":73},[55,16036,114],{"class":69},[55,16038,16039,16041,16043,16045],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,16040,121],{"class":120},[55,16042,103],{"class":69},[55,16044,11740],{"class":99},[55,16046,114],{"class":69},[20,16048,4789,16049,16051],{},[1966,16050,1968],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[46,16053,16055],{"className":48,"code":16054,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16056,16057],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16058,16059],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16060,16054],{"class":133},[20,16062,16063],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16065,16066],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[46,16068,16070],{"className":48,"code":16069,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16071,16072,16080,16096,16100,16104],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16073,16074,16076,16078],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16075,11647],{"class":61},[55,16077,66],{"class":65},[55,16079,11652],{"class":69},[55,16081,16082,16084,16086,16088,16090,16092,16094],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,16083,11657],{"class":247},[55,16085,10657],{"class":251},[55,16087,248],{"class":247},[55,16089,153],{"class":69},[55,16091,258],{"class":247},[55,16093,7838],{"class":251},[55,16095,3522],{"class":247},[55,16097,16098],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,16099,9471],{"class":69},[55,16101,16102],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,16103,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,16105,16106,16108,16110,16112],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,16107,121],{"class":120},[55,16109,103],{"class":69},[55,16111,11740],{"class":99},[55,16113,114],{"class":69},[142,16115,9607],{"id":9606},[20,16117,16118,16120],{},[15,16119,9281],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16122,16123],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[46,16125,16127],{"className":48,"code":16126,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16128,16129,16186,16190,16204,16208],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16130,16131,16133,16135,16137,16139,16141,16143,16145,16147,16149,16151,16153,16155,16157,16159,16161,16163,16165,16167,16169,16171,16173,16175,16177,16179,16182,16184],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16132,9377],{"class":61},[55,16134,66],{"class":65},[55,16136,9382],{"class":69},[55,16138,248],{"class":247},[55,16140,7829],{"class":251},[55,16142,248],{"class":247},[55,16144,77],{"class":69},[55,16146,258],{"class":247},[55,16148,13036],{"class":251},[55,16150,248],{"class":247},[55,16152,9395],{"class":69},[55,16154,9398],{"class":69},[55,16156,248],{"class":247},[55,16158,9461],{"class":251},[55,16160,248],{"class":247},[55,16162,77],{"class":69},[55,16164,7951],{"class":73},[55,16166,9395],{"class":69},[55,16168,9398],{"class":69},[55,16170,248],{"class":247},[55,16172,10570],{"class":251},[55,16174,248],{"class":247},[55,16176,77],{"class":69},[55,16178,258],{"class":247},[55,16180,16181],{"class":251},"Lima",[55,16183,248],{"class":247},[55,16185,9411],{"class":69},[55,16187,16188],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,16189,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,16191,16192,16194,16196,16198,16200,16202],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,16193,13019],{"class":61},[55,16195,66],{"class":65},[55,16197,9332],{"class":1898},[55,16199,103],{"class":69},[55,16201,9424],{"class":99},[55,16203,114],{"class":69},[55,16205,16206],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,16207,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,16209,16210,16212,16214,16216],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,16211,121],{"class":120},[55,16213,103],{"class":69},[55,16215,13776],{"class":99},[55,16217,114],{"class":69},[20,16219,16220],{},[1966,16221,302],{},[46,16223,16225],{"className":48,"code":16224,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16226,16227],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16228,16229,16231,16233,16235,16237,16239,16241,16243,16245,16247,16249,16251,16253,16255,16257,16259,16261,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16230,9440],{"class":69},[55,16232,315],{"class":247},[55,16234,7829],{"class":251},[55,16236,315],{"class":247},[55,16238,153],{"class":69},[55,16240,324],{"class":247},[55,16242,13036],{"class":251},[55,16244,315],{"class":247},[55,16246,77],{"class":69},[55,16248,324],{"class":247},[55,16250,9461],{"class":251},[55,16252,315],{"class":247},[55,16254,153],{"class":69},[55,16256,7951],{"class":73},[55,16258,77],{"class":69},[55,16260,324],{"class":247},[55,16262,10570],{"class":251},[55,16264,315],{"class":247},[55,16266,153],{"class":69},[55,16268,324],{"class":247},[55,16270,16181],{"class":251},[55,16272,315],{"class":247},[55,16274,9471],{"class":69},[20,16276,16277],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[46,16279,16281],{"className":48,"code":16280,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16282,16283,16324],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16284,16285,16287,16289,16291,16294,16296,16298,16300,16302,16304,16306,16308,16310,16312,16314,16316,16318,16320,16322],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16286,13019],{"class":61},[55,16288,66],{"class":65},[55,16290,9332],{"class":1898},[55,16292,16293],{"class":69},"(((",[55,16295,248],{"class":247},[55,16297,7829],{"class":251},[55,16299,248],{"class":247},[55,16301,77],{"class":69},[55,16303,258],{"class":247},[55,16305,13036],{"class":251},[55,16307,248],{"class":247},[55,16309,9395],{"class":69},[55,16311,9398],{"class":69},[55,16313,248],{"class":247},[55,16315,9461],{"class":251},[55,16317,248],{"class":247},[55,16319,77],{"class":69},[55,16321,7951],{"class":73},[55,16323,3075],{"class":69},[55,16325,16326,16328,16330,16332],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,16327,121],{"class":120},[55,16329,103],{"class":69},[55,16331,13776],{"class":99},[55,16333,114],{"class":69},[20,16335,16336],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[142,16338,16340],{"id":16339},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16342,16343],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[155,16345,16346,16349,16352,16355],{},[158,16347,16348],{},"Keys must be unique",[158,16350,16351],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[158,16353,16354],{},"Values can repeat",[158,16356,16357],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[577,16359,16361],{"id":16360},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[46,16363,16365],{"className":48,"code":16364,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16366,16367,16375,16393,16410,16414,16418],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16368,16369,16371,16373],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16370,9327],{"class":61},[55,16372,66],{"class":65},[55,16374,11652],{"class":69},[55,16376,16377,16379,16381,16383,16385,16387,16389,16391],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,16378,11657],{"class":247},[55,16380,7829],{"class":251},[55,16382,248],{"class":247},[55,16384,153],{"class":69},[55,16386,258],{"class":247},[55,16388,13036],{"class":251},[55,16390,248],{"class":247},[55,16392,11673],{"class":69},[55,16394,16395,16397,16399,16401,16403,16405,16408],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,16396,11657],{"class":247},[55,16398,7829],{"class":251},[55,16400,248],{"class":247},[55,16402,153],{"class":69},[55,16404,258],{"class":247},[55,16406,16407],{"class":251},"Maria",[55,16409,3522],{"class":247},[55,16411,16412],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,16413,9471],{"class":69},[55,16415,16416],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,16417,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,16419,16420,16422,16424,16426],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,16421,121],{"class":120},[55,16423,103],{"class":69},[55,16425,9366],{"class":99},[55,16427,114],{"class":69},[20,16429,16430],{},[1966,16431,302],{},[46,16433,16435],{"className":48,"code":16434,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16436,16437],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16438,16439,16441,16443,16445,16447,16449,16451,16453,16455],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16440,9440],{"class":69},[55,16442,315],{"class":247},[55,16444,7829],{"class":251},[55,16446,315],{"class":247},[55,16448,153],{"class":69},[55,16450,324],{"class":247},[55,16452,16407],{"class":251},[55,16454,315],{"class":247},[55,16456,9471],{"class":69},[20,16458,16459],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[577,16461,16463],{"id":16462},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[46,16465,16467],{"className":48,"code":16466,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16468,16469,16477,16493,16509,16523,16527,16531],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16470,16471,16473,16475],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16472,5224],{"class":61},[55,16474,66],{"class":65},[55,16476,11652],{"class":69},[55,16478,16479,16482,16484,16486,16489,16491],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,16480,16481],{"class":73},"    1",[55,16483,153],{"class":69},[55,16485,258],{"class":247},[55,16487,16488],{"class":251},"low",[55,16490,248],{"class":247},[55,16492,11673],{"class":69},[55,16494,16495,16498,16500,16502,16505,16507],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,16496,16497],{"class":73},"    2",[55,16499,153],{"class":69},[55,16501,258],{"class":247},[55,16503,16504],{"class":251},"medium",[55,16506,248],{"class":247},[55,16508,11673],{"class":69},[55,16510,16511,16514,16516,16518,16521],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,16512,16513],{"class":73},"    3",[55,16515,153],{"class":69},[55,16517,258],{"class":247},[55,16519,16520],{"class":251},"high",[55,16522,3522],{"class":247},[55,16524,16525],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,16526,9471],{"class":69},[55,16528,16529],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,16530,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,16532,16533,16535,16537,16540],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,16534,121],{"class":120},[55,16536,103],{"class":69},[55,16538,16539],{"class":99},"scores",[55,16541,114],{"class":69},[577,16543,16545],{"id":16544},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16547,16548],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16550,16551],{},"This will cause an error:",[46,16553,16555],{"className":48,"code":16554,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16556,16557,16562,16567],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16558,16559],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16560,16561],{"class":133},"# bad = {\n",[55,16563,16564],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,16565,16566],{"class":133},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[55,16568,16569],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,16570,16571],{"class":133},"# }\n",[20,16573,16574],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[46,16576,16578],{"className":48,"code":16577,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16579,16580,16589,16609,16613,16617],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16581,16582,16585,16587],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16583,16584],{"class":61},"good ",[55,16586,66],{"class":65},[55,16588,11652],{"class":69},[55,16590,16591,16594,16596,16598,16600,16603,16605,16607],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,16592,16593],{"class":69},"    (",[55,16595,74],{"class":73},[55,16597,77],{"class":69},[55,16599,80],{"class":73},[55,16601,16602],{"class":69},"):",[55,16604,258],{"class":247},[55,16606,94],{"class":251},[55,16608,3522],{"class":247},[55,16610,16611],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,16612,9471],{"class":69},[55,16614,16615],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,16616,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,16618,16619,16621,16623,16626],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,16620,121],{"class":120},[55,16622,103],{"class":69},[55,16624,16625],{"class":99},"good",[55,16627,114],{"class":69},[142,16629,16631],{"id":16630},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16633,16634],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16636,16637],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[155,16639,16640,16643,16645,16648],{},[158,16641,16642],{},"user data",[158,16644,14035],{},[158,16646,16647],{},"counters",[158,16649,16650],{},"lookups",[20,16652,230],{},[46,16654,16656],{"className":48,"code":16655,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16657,16658,16666,16685,16704,16716,16720,16724],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16659,16660,16662,16664],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16661,11647],{"class":61},[55,16663,66],{"class":65},[55,16665,11652],{"class":69},[55,16667,16668,16670,16672,16674,16676,16678,16681,16683],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,16669,11657],{"class":247},[55,16671,8146],{"class":251},[55,16673,248],{"class":247},[55,16675,153],{"class":69},[55,16677,258],{"class":247},[55,16679,16680],{"class":251},"ana123",[55,16682,248],{"class":247},[55,16684,11673],{"class":69},[55,16686,16687,16689,16691,16693,16695,16697,16700,16702],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,16688,11657],{"class":247},[55,16690,15408],{"class":251},[55,16692,248],{"class":247},[55,16694,153],{"class":69},[55,16696,258],{"class":247},[55,16698,16699],{"class":251},"ana@example.com",[55,16701,248],{"class":247},[55,16703,11673],{"class":69},[55,16705,16706,16708,16710,16712,16714],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,16707,11657],{"class":247},[55,16709,12671],{"class":251},[55,16711,248],{"class":247},[55,16713,153],{"class":69},[55,16715,6581],{"class":1312},[55,16717,16718],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,16719,9471],{"class":69},[55,16721,16722],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,16723,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,16725,16726,16728,16730,16732,16734,16736,16738,16740],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,16727,121],{"class":120},[55,16729,103],{"class":69},[55,16731,11740],{"class":99},[55,16733,312],{"class":69},[55,16735,248],{"class":247},[55,16737,15408],{"class":251},[55,16739,248],{"class":247},[55,16741,1777],{"class":69},[20,16743,16744,16745,44],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[36,16746,16748],{"href":16747},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16750,16751],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[155,16753,16754,16757,16760],{},[158,16755,16756],{},"labels are not needed",[158,16758,16759],{},"you mostly care about position",[158,16761,16762],{},"order matters more than named fields",[142,16764,2992],{"id":2991},[20,16766,16767],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[155,16769,16770,16773,16776,16779,16782],{},[158,16771,16772],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[158,16774,16775],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[158,16777,16778],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[158,16780,16781],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[158,16783,16784,16785,16787],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16786,3955],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[577,16789,16791],{"id":16790},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16793,1343],{},[46,16795,16797],{"className":48,"code":16796,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16798,16799],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16800,16801],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16802,16796],{"class":133},[20,16804,16805],{},"Correct:",[46,16807,16809],{"className":48,"code":16808,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16810,16811,16835],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16812,16813,16815,16817,16819,16821,16823,16825,16827,16829,16831,16833],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16814,13019],{"class":61},[55,16816,66],{"class":65},[55,16818,10652],{"class":69},[55,16820,248],{"class":247},[55,16822,7829],{"class":251},[55,16824,248],{"class":247},[55,16826,153],{"class":69},[55,16828,258],{"class":247},[55,16830,13036],{"class":251},[55,16832,248],{"class":247},[55,16834,9471],{"class":69},[55,16836,16837,16839,16841,16843],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,16838,121],{"class":120},[55,16840,103],{"class":69},[55,16842,13776],{"class":99},[55,16844,114],{"class":69},[577,16846,16848],{"id":16847},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16850,1343],{},[46,16852,16854],{"className":48,"code":16853,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16855,16856],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16857,16858],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16859,16853],{"class":133},[20,16861,16862,16863,16865,16866,16868],{},"This only works if ",[15,16864,7829],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16867,15389],{},", use quotes.",[20,16870,16805],{},[46,16872,16873],{"className":48,"code":16808,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,16874,16875,16899],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16876,16877,16879,16881,16883,16885,16887,16889,16891,16893,16895,16897],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16878,13019],{"class":61},[55,16880,66],{"class":65},[55,16882,10652],{"class":69},[55,16884,248],{"class":247},[55,16886,7829],{"class":251},[55,16888,248],{"class":247},[55,16890,153],{"class":69},[55,16892,258],{"class":247},[55,16894,13036],{"class":251},[55,16896,248],{"class":247},[55,16898,9471],{"class":69},[55,16900,16901,16903,16905,16907],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,16902,121],{"class":120},[55,16904,103],{"class":69},[55,16906,13776],{"class":99},[55,16908,114],{"class":69},[577,16910,16912],{"id":16911},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[46,16914,16916],{"className":48,"code":16915,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16917,16918,16950],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16919,16920,16922,16924,16926,16928,16930,16932,16934,16936,16938,16940,16942,16944,16946,16948],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16921,9327],{"class":61},[55,16923,66],{"class":65},[55,16925,10652],{"class":69},[55,16927,248],{"class":247},[55,16929,9461],{"class":251},[55,16931,248],{"class":247},[55,16933,153],{"class":69},[55,16935,7951],{"class":73},[55,16937,77],{"class":69},[55,16939,258],{"class":247},[55,16941,9461],{"class":251},[55,16943,248],{"class":247},[55,16945,153],{"class":69},[55,16947,7956],{"class":73},[55,16949,9471],{"class":69},[55,16951,16952,16954,16956,16958],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,16953,121],{"class":120},[55,16955,103],{"class":69},[55,16957,9366],{"class":99},[55,16959,114],{"class":69},[20,16961,16962],{},[1966,16963,302],{},[46,16965,16967],{"className":48,"code":16966,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16968,16969],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16970,16971,16973,16975,16977,16979,16981,16983],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16972,9440],{"class":69},[55,16974,315],{"class":247},[55,16976,9461],{"class":251},[55,16978,315],{"class":247},[55,16980,153],{"class":69},[55,16982,7956],{"class":73},[55,16984,9471],{"class":69},[142,16986,16988],{"id":16987},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16990,16991],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[46,16993,16995],{"className":48,"code":16994,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16996,16997,17033,17037,17047,17061,17076,17090],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16998,16999,17001,17003,17005,17007,17009,17011,17013,17015,17017,17019,17021,17023,17025,17027,17029,17031],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17000,11881],{"class":61},[55,17002,66],{"class":65},[55,17004,10652],{"class":69},[55,17006,248],{"class":247},[55,17008,7829],{"class":251},[55,17010,248],{"class":247},[55,17012,153],{"class":69},[55,17014,258],{"class":247},[55,17016,13036],{"class":251},[55,17018,248],{"class":247},[55,17020,77],{"class":69},[55,17022,258],{"class":247},[55,17024,9461],{"class":251},[55,17026,248],{"class":247},[55,17028,153],{"class":69},[55,17030,7951],{"class":73},[55,17032,9471],{"class":69},[55,17034,17035],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,17036,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,17038,17039,17041,17043,17045],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,17040,121],{"class":120},[55,17042,103],{"class":69},[55,17044,11608],{"class":99},[55,17046,114],{"class":69},[55,17048,17049,17051,17053,17055,17057,17059],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,17050,121],{"class":120},[55,17052,103],{"class":69},[55,17054,1910],{"class":1898},[55,17056,103],{"class":69},[55,17058,11608],{"class":99},[55,17060,1867],{"class":69},[55,17062,17063,17065,17067,17069,17071,17074],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,17064,121],{"class":120},[55,17066,103],{"class":69},[55,17068,11608],{"class":99},[55,17070,44],{"class":69},[55,17072,17073],{"class":99},"keys",[55,17075,7354],{"class":69},[55,17077,17078,17080,17082,17084,17086,17088],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,17079,121],{"class":120},[55,17081,103],{"class":69},[55,17083,11608],{"class":99},[55,17085,44],{"class":69},[55,17087,5519],{"class":99},[55,17089,7354],{"class":69},[55,17091,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100,17102],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,17093,121],{"class":120},[55,17095,103],{"class":69},[55,17097,1860],{"class":120},[55,17099,103],{"class":69},[55,17101,11608],{"class":99},[55,17103,1867],{"class":69},[20,17105,17106],{},[1966,17107,17108],{},"Example output:",[46,17110,17112],{"className":48,"code":17111,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17113,17114,17146,17160,17183,17202],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17115,17116,17118,17120,17122,17124,17126,17128,17130,17132,17134,17136,17138,17140,17142,17144],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17117,9440],{"class":69},[55,17119,315],{"class":247},[55,17121,7829],{"class":251},[55,17123,315],{"class":247},[55,17125,153],{"class":69},[55,17127,324],{"class":247},[55,17129,13036],{"class":251},[55,17131,315],{"class":247},[55,17133,77],{"class":69},[55,17135,324],{"class":247},[55,17137,9461],{"class":251},[55,17139,315],{"class":247},[55,17141,153],{"class":69},[55,17143,7951],{"class":73},[55,17145,9471],{"class":69},[55,17147,17148,17150,17152,17154,17156,17158],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,17149,3454],{"class":65},[55,17151,3457],{"class":2226},[55,17153,324],{"class":247},[55,17155,8983],{"class":251},[55,17157,315],{"class":247},[55,17159,3466],{"class":65},[55,17161,17162,17165,17167,17169,17171,17173,17175,17177,17179,17181],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,17163,17164],{"class":99},"dict_keys",[55,17166,3149],{"class":69},[55,17168,315],{"class":247},[55,17170,7829],{"class":251},[55,17172,315],{"class":247},[55,17174,77],{"class":69},[55,17176,324],{"class":247},[55,17178,9461],{"class":251},[55,17180,315],{"class":247},[55,17182,1777],{"class":69},[55,17184,17185,17188,17190,17192,17194,17196,17198,17200],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,17186,17187],{"class":99},"dict_values",[55,17189,3149],{"class":69},[55,17191,315],{"class":247},[55,17193,13036],{"class":251},[55,17195,315],{"class":247},[55,17197,77],{"class":69},[55,17199,7951],{"class":73},[55,17201,1777],{"class":69},[55,17203,17204],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,17205,17206],{"class":73},"2\n",[20,17208,17209,17210,2352,17216,17222,17223,44],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[36,17211,10897,17213],{"href":17212},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17214,17215],{},"keys()",[36,17217,10897,17219],{"href":17218},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17220,17221],{},"values()",", and ",[36,17224,10897,17226],{"href":17225},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17227,17228],{},"items()",[142,17230,1986],{"id":1985},[577,17232,17234],{"id":17233},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17236,31,17237,3041,17239,17241],{},[15,17238,3955],{},[15,17240,9281],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[577,17243,17245],{"id":17244},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17247,17248,17249,44],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17250,17251],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[577,17253,17255],{"id":17254},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17257,17258],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[577,17260,17262],{"id":17261},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17264,17265],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[577,17267,2022,17269,352,17271,2027],{"id":17268},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17270,3955],{},[15,17272,9281],{},[20,17274,17275,17277,17278,17280],{},[15,17276,3955],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17279,9281],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[142,17282,2039],{"id":2038},[155,17284,17285,17289,17295,17299,17305],{},[158,17286,17287],{},[36,17288,9317],{"href":9316},[158,17290,17291],{},[36,17292,10897,17293,43],{"href":10896},[15,17294,10900],{},[158,17296,17297],{},[36,17298,11411],{"href":10891},[158,17300,17301],{},[36,17302,17304],{"href":17303},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[158,17306,17307],{},[36,17308,11422],{"href":11234},[20,17310,17311],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2080,17313,17314],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":17316},[17317,17318,17319,17320,17323,17326,17331,17332,17337,17338,17343,17344,17352],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":15311,"depth":91,"text":15312},{"id":15329,"depth":91,"text":15317},{"id":15414,"depth":91,"text":15415,"children":17321},[17322],{"id":15566,"depth":117,"text":15567},{"id":9564,"depth":91,"text":9565,"children":17324},[17325],{"id":15745,"depth":117,"text":15746},{"id":15858,"depth":91,"text":17327,"children":17328},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17329],{"id":15985,"depth":117,"text":17330},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9606,"depth":91,"text":9607},{"id":16339,"depth":91,"text":16340,"children":17333},[17334,17335,17336],{"id":16360,"depth":117,"text":16361},{"id":16462,"depth":117,"text":16463},{"id":16544,"depth":117,"text":16545},{"id":16630,"depth":91,"text":16631},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":17339},[17340,17341,17342],{"id":16790,"depth":117,"text":16791},{"id":16847,"depth":117,"text":16848},{"id":16911,"depth":117,"text":16912},{"id":16987,"depth":91,"text":16988},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":17345},[17346,17347,17348,17349,17350],{"id":17233,"depth":117,"text":17234},{"id":17244,"depth":117,"text":17245},{"id":17254,"depth":117,"text":17255},{"id":17261,"depth":117,"text":17262},{"id":17268,"depth":117,"text":17351},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15154,"description":17353},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17359,"title":17360,"body":17361,"description":19807,"extension":2124,"meta":19808,"navigation":428,"path":19809,"seo":19810,"stem":19811,"__hash__":19812},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17362,"toc":19763},[17363,17369,17375,17378,17381,17383,17465,17471,17476,17480,17498,17510,17515,17519,17542,17546,17558,17566,17570,17576,17578,17581,17654,17656,17701,17703,17720,17725,17731,17736,17810,17812,17857,17860,17871,17873,17992,17994,18047,18054,18058,18061,18078,18084,18088,18186,18188,18239,18245,18249,18255,18258,18261,18288,18293,18297,18300,18404,18406,18451,18454,18457,18462,18467,18478,18480,18541,18601,18607,18615,18621,18626,18631,18691,18695,18762,18765,18769,18840,18843,18856,18863,18865,18869,18873,18943,18945,18982,18985,18988,19051,19058,19061,19103,19113,19116,19185,19191,19196,19280,19282,19331,19338,19344,19389,19391,19424,19429,19433,19439,19478,19522,19590,19633,19635,19641,19644,19648,19653,19657,19660,19664,19666,19727,19729,19755,19760],[10,17364,11478,17366,18],{"id":17365},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17367,17368],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17370,17371,17374],{},[15,17372,17373],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17376,17377],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17379,17380],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[142,17382,2165],{"id":2164},[46,17384,17386],{"className":48,"code":17385,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17387,17388,17421,17449,17460],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17389,17390,17393,17395,17397,17399,17401,17403,17405,17407,17409,17411,17413,17415,17417,17419],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17391,17392],{"class":61},"keys ",[55,17394,66],{"class":65},[55,17396,70],{"class":69},[55,17398,248],{"class":247},[55,17400,7829],{"class":251},[55,17402,248],{"class":247},[55,17404,77],{"class":69},[55,17406,258],{"class":247},[55,17408,9461],{"class":251},[55,17410,248],{"class":247},[55,17412,77],{"class":69},[55,17414,258],{"class":247},[55,17416,10570],{"class":251},[55,17418,248],{"class":247},[55,17420,88],{"class":69},[55,17422,17423,17425,17427,17429,17431,17434,17436,17438,17440,17442,17445,17447],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,17424,13357],{"class":61},[55,17426,66],{"class":65},[55,17428,9332],{"class":1898},[55,17430,44],{"class":69},[55,17432,17433],{"class":99},"fromkeys",[55,17435,103],{"class":69},[55,17437,17073],{"class":99},[55,17439,77],{"class":69},[55,17441,258],{"class":247},[55,17443,17444],{"class":251},"unknown",[55,17446,248],{"class":247},[55,17448,114],{"class":69},[55,17450,17451,17453,17455,17458],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,17452,121],{"class":120},[55,17454,103],{"class":69},[55,17456,17457],{"class":99},"person",[55,17459,114],{"class":69},[55,17461,17462],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,17463,17464],{"class":133},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17466,31,17467,17470],{},[15,17468,17469],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[142,17472,145,17474,148],{"id":17473},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17475,17373],{},[20,17477,17478,153],{},[15,17479,17373],{},[155,17481,17482,17485,17488,17491],{},[158,17483,17484],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[158,17486,17487],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[158,17489,17490],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[158,17492,17493,17494,17497],{},"Is called as ",[15,17495,17496],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17499,17500,17501,17503,17504,17506,17507,44],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17502,8983],{},", so you write ",[15,17505,17496],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17508,17509],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17511,17512,17513,44],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[36,17514,9317],{"href":13179},[142,17516,17518],{"id":17517},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[46,17520,17522],{"className":48,"code":17521,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17523,17524],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17525,17526,17528,17530,17532,17534,17536,17538,17540],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17527,8983],{"class":1898},[55,17529,44],{"class":69},[55,17531,17433],{"class":99},[55,17533,103],{"class":69},[55,17535,3884],{"class":99},[55,17537,77],{"class":69},[55,17539,8594],{"class":99},[55,17541,114],{"class":69},[577,17543,17545],{"id":17544},"parameters","Parameters",[155,17547,17548,17553],{},[158,17549,17550,17552],{},[15,17551,3884],{},": the keys to use",[158,17554,17555,17557],{},[15,17556,2633],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17559,17560,17561,17563,17564,44],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17562,2633],{},", each key gets ",[15,17565,172],{},[577,17567,17569],{"id":17568},"return-value","Return value",[20,17571,17572,17573,44],{},"It returns a ",[1966,17574,17575],{},"new dictionary",[142,17577,359],{"id":358},[20,17579,17580],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[46,17582,17584],{"className":48,"code":17583,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17585,17586,17618,17640,17644],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17587,17588,17590,17592,17594,17596,17598,17600,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610,17612,17614,17616],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17589,17392],{"class":61},[55,17591,66],{"class":65},[55,17593,70],{"class":69},[55,17595,248],{"class":247},[55,17597,381],{"class":251},[55,17599,248],{"class":247},[55,17601,77],{"class":69},[55,17603,258],{"class":247},[55,17605,399],{"class":251},[55,17607,248],{"class":247},[55,17609,77],{"class":69},[55,17611,258],{"class":247},[55,17613,390],{"class":251},[55,17615,248],{"class":247},[55,17617,88],{"class":69},[55,17619,17620,17622,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,17621,372],{"class":61},[55,17623,66],{"class":65},[55,17625,9332],{"class":1898},[55,17627,44],{"class":69},[55,17629,17433],{"class":99},[55,17631,103],{"class":69},[55,17633,17073],{"class":99},[55,17635,77],{"class":69},[55,17637,3997],{"class":73},[55,17639,114],{"class":69},[55,17641,17642],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,17643,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,17645,17646,17648,17650,17652],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,17647,121],{"class":120},[55,17649,103],{"class":69},[55,17651,434],{"class":99},[55,17653,114],{"class":69},[20,17655,302],{},[46,17657,17659],{"className":48,"code":17658,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17660,17661],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17662,17663,17665,17667,17669,17671,17673,17675,17677,17679,17681,17683,17685,17687,17689,17691,17693,17695,17697,17699],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17664,9440],{"class":69},[55,17666,315],{"class":247},[55,17668,381],{"class":251},[55,17670,315],{"class":247},[55,17672,153],{"class":69},[55,17674,3997],{"class":73},[55,17676,77],{"class":69},[55,17678,324],{"class":247},[55,17680,399],{"class":251},[55,17682,315],{"class":247},[55,17684,153],{"class":69},[55,17686,3997],{"class":73},[55,17688,77],{"class":69},[55,17690,324],{"class":247},[55,17692,390],{"class":251},[55,17694,315],{"class":247},[55,17696,153],{"class":69},[55,17698,3997],{"class":73},[55,17700,9471],{"class":69},[20,17702,11840],{},[155,17704,17705,17710,17715],{},[158,17706,17707,17709],{},[15,17708,17073],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[158,17711,17712,17714],{},[15,17713,227],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[158,17716,17717,17719],{},[15,17718,17373],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17721,17722,17723,44],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[36,17724,9554],{"href":13182},[142,17726,8578,17728,17730],{"id":17727},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17729,17368],{}," without a value",[20,17732,17733,17734,44],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17735,172],{},[46,17737,17739],{"className":48,"code":17738,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17740,17741,17775,17795,17799],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17742,17743,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758,17760,17762,17764,17766,17768,17771,17773],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17744,17745],{"class":61},"fields ",[55,17747,66],{"class":65},[55,17749,70],{"class":69},[55,17751,248],{"class":247},[55,17753,8146],{"class":251},[55,17755,248],{"class":247},[55,17757,77],{"class":69},[55,17759,258],{"class":247},[55,17761,15408],{"class":251},[55,17763,248],{"class":247},[55,17765,77],{"class":69},[55,17767,258],{"class":247},[55,17769,17770],{"class":251},"password",[55,17772,248],{"class":247},[55,17774,88],{"class":69},[55,17776,17777,17780,17782,17784,17786,17788,17790,17793],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,17778,17779],{"class":61},"user_data ",[55,17781,66],{"class":65},[55,17783,9332],{"class":1898},[55,17785,44],{"class":69},[55,17787,17433],{"class":99},[55,17789,103],{"class":69},[55,17791,17792],{"class":99},"fields",[55,17794,114],{"class":69},[55,17796,17797],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,17798,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,17800,17801,17803,17805,17808],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,17802,121],{"class":120},[55,17804,103],{"class":69},[55,17806,17807],{"class":99},"user_data",[55,17809,114],{"class":69},[20,17811,302],{},[46,17813,17815],{"className":48,"code":17814,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17816,17817],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17818,17819,17821,17823,17825,17827,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17853,17855],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17820,9440],{"class":69},[55,17822,315],{"class":247},[55,17824,8146],{"class":251},[55,17826,315],{"class":247},[55,17828,153],{"class":69},[55,17830,4016],{"class":1312},[55,17832,77],{"class":69},[55,17834,324],{"class":247},[55,17836,15408],{"class":251},[55,17838,315],{"class":247},[55,17840,153],{"class":69},[55,17842,4016],{"class":1312},[55,17844,77],{"class":69},[55,17846,324],{"class":247},[55,17848,17770],{"class":251},[55,17850,315],{"class":247},[55,17852,153],{"class":69},[55,17854,4016],{"class":1312},[55,17856,9471],{"class":69},[20,17858,17859],{},"This is useful when:",[155,17861,17862,17865,17868],{},[158,17863,17864],{},"You want to create the keys first",[158,17866,17867],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[158,17869,17870],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17872,230],{},[46,17874,17876],{"className":48,"code":17875,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17877,17878,17910,17928,17932,17955,17978,17982],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17879,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888,17890,17892,17894,17896,17898,17900,17902,17904,17906,17908],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17881,17745],{"class":61},[55,17883,66],{"class":65},[55,17885,70],{"class":69},[55,17887,248],{"class":247},[55,17889,8146],{"class":251},[55,17891,248],{"class":247},[55,17893,77],{"class":69},[55,17895,258],{"class":247},[55,17897,15408],{"class":251},[55,17899,248],{"class":247},[55,17901,77],{"class":69},[55,17903,258],{"class":247},[55,17905,17770],{"class":251},[55,17907,248],{"class":247},[55,17909,88],{"class":69},[55,17911,17912,17914,17916,17918,17920,17922,17924,17926],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,17913,17779],{"class":61},[55,17915,66],{"class":65},[55,17917,9332],{"class":1898},[55,17919,44],{"class":69},[55,17921,17433],{"class":99},[55,17923,103],{"class":69},[55,17925,17792],{"class":99},[55,17927,114],{"class":69},[55,17929,17930],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,17931,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,17933,17934,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950,17953],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,17935,17807],{"class":61},[55,17937,312],{"class":69},[55,17939,248],{"class":247},[55,17941,8146],{"class":251},[55,17943,248],{"class":247},[55,17945,1680],{"class":69},[55,17947,1683],{"class":65},[55,17949,258],{"class":247},[55,17951,17952],{"class":251},"alice",[55,17954,3522],{"class":247},[55,17956,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965,17967,17969,17971,17973,17976],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,17958,17807],{"class":61},[55,17960,312],{"class":69},[55,17962,248],{"class":247},[55,17964,15408],{"class":251},[55,17966,248],{"class":247},[55,17968,1680],{"class":69},[55,17970,1683],{"class":65},[55,17972,258],{"class":247},[55,17974,17975],{"class":251},"alice@example.com",[55,17977,3522],{"class":247},[55,17979,17980],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,17981,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,17983,17984,17986,17988,17990],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,17985,121],{"class":120},[55,17987,103],{"class":69},[55,17989,17807],{"class":99},[55,17991,114],{"class":69},[20,17993,302],{},[46,17995,17997],{"className":48,"code":17996,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17998,17999],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18000,18001,18003,18005,18007,18009,18011,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021,18023,18025,18027,18029,18031,18033,18035,18037,18039,18041,18043,18045],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18002,9440],{"class":69},[55,18004,315],{"class":247},[55,18006,8146],{"class":251},[55,18008,315],{"class":247},[55,18010,153],{"class":69},[55,18012,324],{"class":247},[55,18014,17952],{"class":251},[55,18016,315],{"class":247},[55,18018,77],{"class":69},[55,18020,324],{"class":247},[55,18022,15408],{"class":251},[55,18024,315],{"class":247},[55,18026,153],{"class":69},[55,18028,324],{"class":247},[55,18030,17975],{"class":251},[55,18032,315],{"class":247},[55,18034,77],{"class":69},[55,18036,324],{"class":247},[55,18038,17770],{"class":251},[55,18040,315],{"class":247},[55,18042,153],{"class":69},[55,18044,4016],{"class":1312},[55,18046,9471],{"class":69},[20,18048,18049,18050,44],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[36,18051,18053],{"href":18052},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[142,18055,18057],{"id":18056},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18059,18060],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[155,18062,18063,18068,18073],{},[158,18064,18065,18067],{},[15,18066,3950],{}," (list)",[158,18069,18070,18072],{},[15,18071,3955],{}," (dictionary)",[158,18074,18075,18077],{},[15,18076,3960],{}," (set)",[20,18079,18080,18081,44],{},"All keys will point to the ",[1966,18082,18083],{},"same object",[577,18085,18087],{"id":18086},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[46,18089,18091],{"className":48,"code":18090,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18092,18093,18125,18146,18150,18172,18176],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18094,18095,18097,18099,18101,18103,18105,18107,18109,18111,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18123],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18096,17392],{"class":61},[55,18098,66],{"class":65},[55,18100,70],{"class":69},[55,18102,248],{"class":247},[55,18104,36],{"class":251},[55,18106,248],{"class":247},[55,18108,77],{"class":69},[55,18110,258],{"class":247},[55,18112,285],{"class":251},[55,18114,248],{"class":247},[55,18116,77],{"class":69},[55,18118,258],{"class":247},[55,18120,261],{"class":251},[55,18122,248],{"class":247},[55,18124,88],{"class":69},[55,18126,18127,18129,18131,18133,18135,18137,18139,18141,18143],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,18128,9327],{"class":61},[55,18130,66],{"class":65},[55,18132,9332],{"class":1898},[55,18134,44],{"class":69},[55,18136,17433],{"class":99},[55,18138,103],{"class":69},[55,18140,17073],{"class":99},[55,18142,77],{"class":69},[55,18144,18145],{"class":69}," [])\n",[55,18147,18148],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,18149,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,18151,18152,18154,18156,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,18153,9366],{"class":61},[55,18155,312],{"class":69},[55,18157,248],{"class":247},[55,18159,36],{"class":251},[55,18161,248],{"class":247},[55,18163,13701],{"class":69},[55,18165,1100],{"class":99},[55,18167,103],{"class":69},[55,18169,74],{"class":73},[55,18171,114],{"class":69},[55,18173,18174],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,18175,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,18177,18178,18180,18182,18184],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,18179,121],{"class":120},[55,18181,103],{"class":69},[55,18183,9366],{"class":99},[55,18185,114],{"class":69},[20,18187,302],{},[46,18189,18191],{"className":48,"code":18190,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18192,18193],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18194,18195,18197,18199,18201,18203,18205,18207,18209,18211,18213,18215,18217,18219,18221,18223,18225,18227,18229,18231,18233,18235,18237],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18196,9440],{"class":69},[55,18198,315],{"class":247},[55,18200,36],{"class":251},[55,18202,315],{"class":247},[55,18204,153],{"class":69},[55,18206,70],{"class":69},[55,18208,74],{"class":73},[55,18210,1813],{"class":69},[55,18212,324],{"class":247},[55,18214,285],{"class":251},[55,18216,315],{"class":247},[55,18218,153],{"class":69},[55,18220,70],{"class":69},[55,18222,74],{"class":73},[55,18224,1813],{"class":69},[55,18226,324],{"class":247},[55,18228,261],{"class":251},[55,18230,315],{"class":247},[55,18232,153],{"class":69},[55,18234,70],{"class":69},[55,18236,74],{"class":73},[55,18238,13856],{"class":69},[20,18240,18241,18242,18244],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18243,351],{}," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[577,18246,18248],{"id":18247},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18250,18251,18254],{},[15,18252,18253],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18256,18257],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18259,18260],{},"So this:",[46,18262,18264],{"className":48,"code":18263,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18265,18266],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18267,18268,18270,18272,18274,18276,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18269,9366],{"class":61},[55,18271,312],{"class":69},[55,18273,248],{"class":247},[55,18275,36],{"class":251},[55,18277,248],{"class":247},[55,18279,13701],{"class":69},[55,18281,1100],{"class":99},[55,18283,103],{"class":69},[55,18285,74],{"class":73},[55,18287,114],{"class":69},[20,18289,18290,18291,44],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18292,351],{},[577,18294,18296],{"id":18295},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18298,18299],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[46,18301,18303],{"className":48,"code":18302,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18304,18305,18337,18364,18368,18390,18394],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18306,18307,18309,18311,18313,18315,18317,18319,18321,18323,18325,18327,18329,18331,18333,18335],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18308,17392],{"class":61},[55,18310,66],{"class":65},[55,18312,70],{"class":69},[55,18314,248],{"class":247},[55,18316,36],{"class":251},[55,18318,248],{"class":247},[55,18320,77],{"class":69},[55,18322,258],{"class":247},[55,18324,285],{"class":251},[55,18326,248],{"class":247},[55,18328,77],{"class":69},[55,18330,258],{"class":247},[55,18332,261],{"class":251},[55,18334,248],{"class":247},[55,18336,88],{"class":69},[55,18338,18339,18341,18343,18345,18347,18349,18352,18354,18357,18359,18362],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,18340,9327],{"class":61},[55,18342,66],{"class":65},[55,18344,10652],{"class":69},[55,18346,14990],{"class":61},[55,18348,153],{"class":69},[55,18350,18351],{"class":69}," []",[55,18353,4041],{"class":4040},[55,18355,18356],{"class":61}," key ",[55,18358,4047],{"class":4040},[55,18360,18361],{"class":61}," keys",[55,18363,9471],{"class":69},[55,18365,18366],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,18367,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,18369,18370,18372,18374,18376,18378,18380,18382,18384,18386,18388],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,18371,9366],{"class":61},[55,18373,312],{"class":69},[55,18375,248],{"class":247},[55,18377,36],{"class":251},[55,18379,248],{"class":247},[55,18381,13701],{"class":69},[55,18383,1100],{"class":99},[55,18385,103],{"class":69},[55,18387,74],{"class":73},[55,18389,114],{"class":69},[55,18391,18392],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,18393,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,18395,18396,18398,18400,18402],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,18397,121],{"class":120},[55,18399,103],{"class":69},[55,18401,9366],{"class":99},[55,18403,114],{"class":69},[20,18405,302],{},[46,18407,18409],{"className":48,"code":18408,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18410,18411],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18412,18413,18415,18417,18419,18421,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437,18440,18442,18444,18446,18448],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18414,9440],{"class":69},[55,18416,315],{"class":247},[55,18418,36],{"class":251},[55,18420,315],{"class":247},[55,18422,153],{"class":69},[55,18424,70],{"class":69},[55,18426,74],{"class":73},[55,18428,1813],{"class":69},[55,18430,324],{"class":247},[55,18432,285],{"class":251},[55,18434,315],{"class":247},[55,18436,153],{"class":69},[55,18438,18439],{"class":69}," [],",[55,18441,324],{"class":247},[55,18443,261],{"class":251},[55,18445,315],{"class":247},[55,18447,153],{"class":69},[55,18449,18450],{"class":69}," []}\n",[20,18452,18453],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18455,18456],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[142,18458,1937,18460],{"id":18459},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18461,17368],{},[20,18463,18464,18466],{},[15,18465,17373],{}," is a good choice when:",[155,18468,18469,18472,18475],{},[158,18470,18471],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[158,18473,18474],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[158,18476,18477],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18479,2286],{},[46,18481,18483],{"className":48,"code":18482,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18484,18485,18530],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18486,18487,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500,18502,18505,18507,18509,18511,18513,18515,18517,18519,18522,18524,18526,18528],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18488,18489],{"class":61},"flags ",[55,18491,66],{"class":65},[55,18493,9332],{"class":1898},[55,18495,44],{"class":69},[55,18497,17433],{"class":99},[55,18499,3149],{"class":69},[55,18501,248],{"class":247},[55,18503,18504],{"class":251},"is_admin",[55,18506,248],{"class":247},[55,18508,77],{"class":69},[55,18510,258],{"class":247},[55,18512,15228],{"class":251},[55,18514,248],{"class":247},[55,18516,77],{"class":69},[55,18518,258],{"class":247},[55,18520,18521],{"class":251},"is_verified",[55,18523,248],{"class":247},[55,18525,1813],{"class":69},[55,18527,4070],{"class":1312},[55,18529,114],{"class":69},[55,18531,18532,18534,18536,18539],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,18533,121],{"class":120},[55,18535,103],{"class":69},[55,18537,18538],{"class":99},"flags",[55,18540,114],{"class":69},[46,18542,18544],{"className":48,"code":18543,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18545,18546,18591],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18547,18548,18550,18552,18554,18556,18558,18560,18562,18565,18567,18569,18571,18574,18576,18578,18580,18583,18585,18587,18589],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18549,5224],{"class":61},[55,18551,66],{"class":65},[55,18553,9332],{"class":1898},[55,18555,44],{"class":69},[55,18557,17433],{"class":99},[55,18559,3149],{"class":69},[55,18561,248],{"class":247},[55,18563,18564],{"class":251},"math",[55,18566,248],{"class":247},[55,18568,77],{"class":69},[55,18570,258],{"class":247},[55,18572,18573],{"class":251},"science",[55,18575,248],{"class":247},[55,18577,77],{"class":69},[55,18579,258],{"class":247},[55,18581,18582],{"class":251},"history",[55,18584,248],{"class":247},[55,18586,1813],{"class":69},[55,18588,3997],{"class":73},[55,18590,114],{"class":69},[55,18592,18593,18595,18597,18599],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,18594,121],{"class":120},[55,18596,103],{"class":69},[55,18598,16539],{"class":99},[55,18600,114],{"class":69},[20,18602,18603,18604,18606],{},"It is ",[1966,18605,1968],{}," the best choice when:",[155,18608,18609,18612],{},[158,18610,18611],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[158,18613,18614],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[142,18616,18618,18620],{"id":18617},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18619,17368],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18622,18623,18625],{},[15,18624,17368],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[577,18627,8578,18629],{"id":18628},"using-fromkeys",[15,18630,17368],{},[46,18632,18634],{"className":48,"code":18633,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18635,18636,18681],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18637,18638,18640,18642,18644,18646,18648,18650,18652,18655,18657,18659,18661,18664,18666,18668,18670,18673,18675,18677,18679],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18639,13976],{"class":61},[55,18641,66],{"class":65},[55,18643,9332],{"class":1898},[55,18645,44],{"class":69},[55,18647,17433],{"class":99},[55,18649,3149],{"class":69},[55,18651,248],{"class":247},[55,18653,18654],{"class":251},"sound",[55,18656,248],{"class":247},[55,18658,77],{"class":69},[55,18660,258],{"class":247},[55,18662,18663],{"class":251},"music",[55,18665,248],{"class":247},[55,18667,77],{"class":69},[55,18669,258],{"class":247},[55,18671,18672],{"class":251},"notifications",[55,18674,248],{"class":247},[55,18676,1813],{"class":69},[55,18678,4079],{"class":1312},[55,18680,114],{"class":69},[55,18682,18683,18685,18687,18689],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,18684,121],{"class":120},[55,18686,103],{"class":69},[55,18688,14035],{"class":99},[55,18690,114],{"class":69},[577,18692,18694],{"id":18693},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[46,18696,18698],{"className":48,"code":18697,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18699,18700,18708,18722,18736,18748,18752],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18701,18702,18704,18706],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18703,13976],{"class":61},[55,18705,66],{"class":65},[55,18707,11652],{"class":69},[55,18709,18710,18712,18714,18716,18718,18720],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,18711,11657],{"class":247},[55,18713,18654],{"class":251},[55,18715,248],{"class":247},[55,18717,153],{"class":69},[55,18719,4079],{"class":1312},[55,18721,11673],{"class":69},[55,18723,18724,18726,18728,18730,18732,18734],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,18725,11657],{"class":247},[55,18727,18663],{"class":251},[55,18729,248],{"class":247},[55,18731,153],{"class":69},[55,18733,4070],{"class":1312},[55,18735,11673],{"class":69},[55,18737,18738,18740,18742,18744,18746],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,18739,11657],{"class":247},[55,18741,18672],{"class":251},[55,18743,248],{"class":247},[55,18745,153],{"class":69},[55,18747,6581],{"class":1312},[55,18749,18750],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,18751,9471],{"class":69},[55,18753,18754,18756,18758,18760],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,18755,121],{"class":120},[55,18757,103],{"class":69},[55,18759,14035],{"class":99},[55,18761,114],{"class":69},[20,18763,18764],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[577,18766,18768],{"id":18767},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[46,18770,18772],{"className":48,"code":18771,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18773,18774,18806,18830],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18775,18776,18778,18780,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18777,17392],{"class":61},[55,18779,66],{"class":65},[55,18781,70],{"class":69},[55,18783,248],{"class":247},[55,18785,36],{"class":251},[55,18787,248],{"class":247},[55,18789,77],{"class":69},[55,18791,258],{"class":247},[55,18793,285],{"class":251},[55,18795,248],{"class":247},[55,18797,77],{"class":69},[55,18799,258],{"class":247},[55,18801,261],{"class":251},[55,18803,248],{"class":247},[55,18805,88],{"class":69},[55,18807,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18826,18828],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,18809,9327],{"class":61},[55,18811,66],{"class":65},[55,18813,10652],{"class":69},[55,18815,14990],{"class":61},[55,18817,153],{"class":69},[55,18819,18351],{"class":69},[55,18821,4041],{"class":4040},[55,18823,18356],{"class":61},[55,18825,4047],{"class":4040},[55,18827,18361],{"class":61},[55,18829,9471],{"class":69},[55,18831,18832,18834,18836,18838],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,18833,121],{"class":120},[55,18835,103],{"class":69},[55,18837,9366],{"class":99},[55,18839,114],{"class":69},[20,18841,18842],{},"Use:",[155,18844,18845,18850,18853],{},[158,18846,18847,18849],{},[15,18848,17368],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[158,18851,18852],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[158,18854,18855],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18857,18858,18859,44],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[36,18860,10897,18861,43],{"href":14183},[15,18862,15103],{},[142,18864,2992],{"id":2991},[20,18866,1214,18867,44],{},[15,18868,17373],{},[577,18870,18872],{"id":18871},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[46,18874,18876],{"className":48,"code":18875,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18877,18878,18911,18933],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18879,18880,18883,18885,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897,18899,18901,18903,18905,18907,18909],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18881,18882],{"class":61},"d ",[55,18884,66],{"class":65},[55,18886,9332],{"class":1898},[55,18888,44],{"class":69},[55,18890,17433],{"class":99},[55,18892,3149],{"class":69},[55,18894,248],{"class":247},[55,18896,36],{"class":251},[55,18898,248],{"class":247},[55,18900,77],{"class":69},[55,18902,258],{"class":247},[55,18904,285],{"class":251},[55,18906,248],{"class":247},[55,18908,1813],{"class":69},[55,18910,18145],{"class":69},[55,18912,18913,18915,18917,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,18914,886],{"class":61},[55,18916,312],{"class":69},[55,18918,248],{"class":247},[55,18920,36],{"class":251},[55,18922,248],{"class":247},[55,18924,13701],{"class":69},[55,18926,1100],{"class":99},[55,18928,103],{"class":69},[55,18930,74],{"class":73},[55,18932,114],{"class":69},[55,18934,18935,18937,18939,18941],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,18936,121],{"class":120},[55,18938,103],{"class":69},[55,18940,886],{"class":99},[55,18942,114],{"class":69},[20,18944,302],{},[46,18946,18948],{"className":48,"code":18947,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18949,18950],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18951,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18953,9440],{"class":69},[55,18955,315],{"class":247},[55,18957,36],{"class":251},[55,18959,315],{"class":247},[55,18961,153],{"class":69},[55,18963,70],{"class":69},[55,18965,74],{"class":73},[55,18967,1813],{"class":69},[55,18969,324],{"class":247},[55,18971,285],{"class":251},[55,18973,315],{"class":247},[55,18975,153],{"class":69},[55,18977,70],{"class":69},[55,18979,74],{"class":73},[55,18981,13856],{"class":69},[20,18983,18984],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18986,18987],{},"Use this instead:",[46,18989,18991],{"className":48,"code":18990,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18992,18993,19017,19041],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18994,18995,18997,18999,19001,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18996,17392],{"class":61},[55,18998,66],{"class":65},[55,19000,70],{"class":69},[55,19002,248],{"class":247},[55,19004,36],{"class":251},[55,19006,248],{"class":247},[55,19008,77],{"class":69},[55,19010,258],{"class":247},[55,19012,285],{"class":251},[55,19014,248],{"class":247},[55,19016,88],{"class":69},[55,19018,19019,19021,19023,19025,19027,19029,19031,19033,19035,19037,19039],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,19020,18882],{"class":61},[55,19022,66],{"class":65},[55,19024,10652],{"class":69},[55,19026,14990],{"class":61},[55,19028,153],{"class":69},[55,19030,18351],{"class":69},[55,19032,4041],{"class":4040},[55,19034,18356],{"class":61},[55,19036,4047],{"class":4040},[55,19038,18361],{"class":61},[55,19040,9471],{"class":69},[55,19042,19043,19045,19047,19049],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,19044,121],{"class":120},[55,19046,103],{"class":69},[55,19048,886],{"class":99},[55,19050,114],{"class":69},[577,19052,19054,19055,19057],{"id":19053},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19056,17368],{}," on a list",[20,19059,19060],{},"Wrong idea:",[46,19062,19064],{"className":48,"code":19063,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19065,19066,19098],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19067,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19069,17392],{"class":61},[55,19071,66],{"class":65},[55,19073,70],{"class":69},[55,19075,248],{"class":247},[55,19077,36],{"class":251},[55,19079,248],{"class":247},[55,19081,77],{"class":69},[55,19083,258],{"class":247},[55,19085,285],{"class":251},[55,19087,248],{"class":247},[55,19089,77],{"class":69},[55,19091,258],{"class":247},[55,19093,261],{"class":251},[55,19095,248],{"class":247},[55,19097,88],{"class":69},[55,19099,19100],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,19101,19102],{"class":133},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19104,19105,19107,19108,19110,19111,44],{},[15,19106,17368],{}," belongs to ",[15,19109,8983],{},", not ",[15,19112,1899],{},[20,19114,19115],{},"Correct usage:",[46,19117,19119],{"className":48,"code":19118,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19120,19121,19153,19175],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19122,19123,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19124,17392],{"class":61},[55,19126,66],{"class":65},[55,19128,70],{"class":69},[55,19130,248],{"class":247},[55,19132,36],{"class":251},[55,19134,248],{"class":247},[55,19136,77],{"class":69},[55,19138,258],{"class":247},[55,19140,285],{"class":251},[55,19142,248],{"class":247},[55,19144,77],{"class":69},[55,19146,258],{"class":247},[55,19148,261],{"class":251},[55,19150,248],{"class":247},[55,19152,88],{"class":69},[55,19154,19155,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171,19173],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,19156,18882],{"class":61},[55,19158,66],{"class":65},[55,19160,9332],{"class":1898},[55,19162,44],{"class":69},[55,19164,17433],{"class":99},[55,19166,103],{"class":69},[55,19168,17073],{"class":99},[55,19170,77],{"class":69},[55,19172,3997],{"class":73},[55,19174,114],{"class":69},[55,19176,19177,19179,19181,19183],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,19178,121],{"class":120},[55,19180,103],{"class":69},[55,19182,886],{"class":99},[55,19184,114],{"class":69},[577,19186,1553,19188,19190],{"id":19187},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19189,17368],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19192,19193,19195],{},[15,19194,17373],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[46,19197,19199],{"className":48,"code":19198,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19200,19201,19221,19255,19259,19269],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19202,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19204,12242],{"class":61},[55,19206,66],{"class":65},[55,19208,10652],{"class":69},[55,19210,248],{"class":247},[55,19212,2336],{"class":251},[55,19214,248],{"class":247},[55,19216,153],{"class":69},[55,19218,630],{"class":73},[55,19220,9471],{"class":69},[55,19222,19223,19225,19227,19229,19231,19233,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251,19253],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,19224,13194],{"class":61},[55,19226,66],{"class":65},[55,19228,9332],{"class":1898},[55,19230,44],{"class":69},[55,19232,17433],{"class":99},[55,19234,3149],{"class":69},[55,19236,248],{"class":247},[55,19238,36],{"class":251},[55,19240,248],{"class":247},[55,19242,77],{"class":69},[55,19244,258],{"class":247},[55,19246,285],{"class":251},[55,19248,248],{"class":247},[55,19250,1813],{"class":69},[55,19252,3997],{"class":73},[55,19254,114],{"class":69},[55,19256,19257],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,19258,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,19260,19261,19263,19265,19267],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,19262,121],{"class":120},[55,19264,103],{"class":69},[55,19266,12289],{"class":99},[55,19268,114],{"class":69},[55,19270,19271,19273,19275,19278],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,19272,121],{"class":120},[55,19274,103],{"class":69},[55,19276,19277],{"class":99},"new_dict",[55,19279,114],{"class":69},[20,19281,302],{},[46,19283,19285],{"className":48,"code":19284,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19286,19287,19303],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19288,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19290,9440],{"class":69},[55,19292,315],{"class":247},[55,19294,2336],{"class":251},[55,19296,315],{"class":247},[55,19298,153],{"class":69},[55,19300,630],{"class":73},[55,19302,9471],{"class":69},[55,19304,19305,19307,19309,19311,19313,19315,19317,19319,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,19306,9440],{"class":69},[55,19308,315],{"class":247},[55,19310,36],{"class":251},[55,19312,315],{"class":247},[55,19314,153],{"class":69},[55,19316,3997],{"class":73},[55,19318,77],{"class":69},[55,19320,324],{"class":247},[55,19322,285],{"class":251},[55,19324,315],{"class":247},[55,19326,153],{"class":69},[55,19328,3997],{"class":73},[55,19330,9471],{"class":69},[20,19332,19333,19334,44],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[36,19335,10897,19336,43],{"href":14183},[15,19337,15103],{},[577,19339,19341,19342],{"id":19340},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19343,172],{},[46,19345,19347],{"className":48,"code":19346,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19348,19349,19379],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19350,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363,19365,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19352,18882],{"class":61},[55,19354,66],{"class":65},[55,19356,9332],{"class":1898},[55,19358,44],{"class":69},[55,19360,17433],{"class":99},[55,19362,3149],{"class":69},[55,19364,248],{"class":247},[55,19366,2336],{"class":251},[55,19368,248],{"class":247},[55,19370,77],{"class":69},[55,19372,258],{"class":247},[55,19374,11902],{"class":251},[55,19376,248],{"class":247},[55,19378,1777],{"class":69},[55,19380,19381,19383,19385,19387],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,19382,121],{"class":120},[55,19384,103],{"class":69},[55,19386,886],{"class":99},[55,19388,114],{"class":69},[20,19390,302],{},[46,19392,19394],{"className":48,"code":19393,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19395,19396],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19397,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418,19420,19422],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19399,9440],{"class":69},[55,19401,315],{"class":247},[55,19403,2336],{"class":251},[55,19405,315],{"class":247},[55,19407,153],{"class":69},[55,19409,4016],{"class":1312},[55,19411,77],{"class":69},[55,19413,324],{"class":247},[55,19415,11902],{"class":251},[55,19417,315],{"class":247},[55,19419,153],{"class":69},[55,19421,4016],{"class":1312},[55,19423,9471],{"class":69},[20,19425,19426,19427,44],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19428,172],{},[142,19430,19432],{"id":19431},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19434,19435,19436,19438],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19437,17368],{}," works.",[46,19440,19442],{"className":48,"code":19441,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19443,19444],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19445,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474,19476],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19447,121],{"class":120},[55,19449,103],{"class":69},[55,19451,8983],{"class":1898},[55,19453,44],{"class":69},[55,19455,17433],{"class":99},[55,19457,3149],{"class":69},[55,19459,248],{"class":247},[55,19461,36],{"class":251},[55,19463,248],{"class":247},[55,19465,77],{"class":69},[55,19467,258],{"class":247},[55,19469,285],{"class":251},[55,19471,248],{"class":247},[55,19473,1813],{"class":69},[55,19475,3997],{"class":73},[55,19477,1867],{"class":69},[46,19479,19480],{"className":48,"code":19346,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,19481,19482,19512],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19483,19484,19486,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19485,18882],{"class":61},[55,19487,66],{"class":65},[55,19489,9332],{"class":1898},[55,19491,44],{"class":69},[55,19493,17433],{"class":99},[55,19495,3149],{"class":69},[55,19497,248],{"class":247},[55,19499,2336],{"class":251},[55,19501,248],{"class":247},[55,19503,77],{"class":69},[55,19505,258],{"class":247},[55,19507,11902],{"class":251},[55,19509,248],{"class":247},[55,19511,1777],{"class":69},[55,19513,19514,19516,19518,19520],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,19515,121],{"class":120},[55,19517,103],{"class":69},[55,19519,886],{"class":99},[55,19521,114],{"class":69},[46,19523,19524],{"className":48,"code":18875,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,19525,19526,19558,19580],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19527,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542,19544,19546,19548,19550,19552,19554,19556],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19529,18882],{"class":61},[55,19531,66],{"class":65},[55,19533,9332],{"class":1898},[55,19535,44],{"class":69},[55,19537,17433],{"class":99},[55,19539,3149],{"class":69},[55,19541,248],{"class":247},[55,19543,36],{"class":251},[55,19545,248],{"class":247},[55,19547,77],{"class":69},[55,19549,258],{"class":247},[55,19551,285],{"class":251},[55,19553,248],{"class":247},[55,19555,1813],{"class":69},[55,19557,18145],{"class":69},[55,19559,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,19561,886],{"class":61},[55,19563,312],{"class":69},[55,19565,248],{"class":247},[55,19567,36],{"class":251},[55,19569,248],{"class":247},[55,19571,13701],{"class":69},[55,19573,1100],{"class":99},[55,19575,103],{"class":69},[55,19577,74],{"class":73},[55,19579,114],{"class":69},[55,19581,19582,19584,19586,19588],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,19583,121],{"class":120},[55,19585,103],{"class":69},[55,19587,886],{"class":99},[55,19589,114],{"class":69},[46,19591,19593],{"className":48,"code":19592,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19594,19595],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19596,19597,19599,19601,19603,19605,19607,19609,19611,19613,19615,19617,19619,19621,19623,19625,19627,19629,19631],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19598,121],{"class":120},[55,19600,103],{"class":69},[55,19602,1910],{"class":1898},[55,19604,103],{"class":69},[55,19606,8983],{"class":1898},[55,19608,44],{"class":69},[55,19610,17433],{"class":99},[55,19612,3149],{"class":69},[55,19614,74],{"class":73},[55,19616,77],{"class":69},[55,19618,80],{"class":73},[55,19620,77],{"class":69},[55,19622,111],{"class":73},[55,19624,1813],{"class":69},[55,19626,258],{"class":247},[55,19628,2633],{"class":251},[55,19630,248],{"class":247},[55,19632,3075],{"class":69},[142,19634,1986],{"id":1985},[577,19636,1990,19638,19640],{"id":19637},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19639,17368],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19642,19643],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[577,19645,19647],{"id":19646},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19649,19650,19651,44],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19652,172],{},[577,19654,19656],{"id":19655},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19658,19659],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[577,19661,19663],{"id":19662},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19665,18299],{},[46,19667,19669],{"className":48,"code":19668,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19670,19671,19703],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19672,19673,19675,19677,19679,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695,19697,19699,19701],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19674,17392],{"class":61},[55,19676,66],{"class":65},[55,19678,70],{"class":69},[55,19680,248],{"class":247},[55,19682,36],{"class":251},[55,19684,248],{"class":247},[55,19686,77],{"class":69},[55,19688,258],{"class":247},[55,19690,285],{"class":251},[55,19692,248],{"class":247},[55,19694,77],{"class":69},[55,19696,258],{"class":247},[55,19698,261],{"class":251},[55,19700,248],{"class":247},[55,19702,88],{"class":69},[55,19704,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717,19719,19721,19723,19725],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,19706,9327],{"class":61},[55,19708,66],{"class":65},[55,19710,10652],{"class":69},[55,19712,14990],{"class":61},[55,19714,153],{"class":69},[55,19716,18351],{"class":69},[55,19718,4041],{"class":4040},[55,19720,18356],{"class":61},[55,19722,4047],{"class":4040},[55,19724,18361],{"class":61},[55,19726,9471],{"class":69},[142,19728,2039],{"id":2038},[155,19730,19731,19735,19739,19743,19749],{},[158,19732,19733],{},[36,19734,11402],{"href":13182},[158,19736,19737],{},[36,19738,9317],{"href":13179},[158,19740,19741],{},[36,19742,11411],{"href":18052},[158,19744,19745],{},[36,19746,10897,19747,43],{"href":14183},[15,19748,15103],{},[158,19750,19751],{},[36,19752,10897,19753,43],{"href":15148},[15,19754,12932],{},[20,19756,31,19757,19759],{},[15,19758,17373],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2080,19761,19762],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":19764},[19765,19766,19768,19772,19773,19775,19780,19782,19789,19798,19799,19806],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":17473,"depth":91,"text":19767},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17517,"depth":91,"text":17518,"children":19769},[19770,19771],{"id":17544,"depth":117,"text":17545},{"id":17568,"depth":117,"text":17569},{"id":358,"depth":91,"text":359},{"id":17727,"depth":91,"text":19774},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18056,"depth":91,"text":18057,"children":19776},[19777,19778,19779],{"id":18086,"depth":117,"text":18087},{"id":18247,"depth":117,"text":18248},{"id":18295,"depth":117,"text":18296},{"id":18459,"depth":91,"text":19781},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18617,"depth":91,"text":19783,"children":19784},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19785,19787,19788],{"id":18628,"depth":117,"text":19786},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18693,"depth":117,"text":18694},{"id":18767,"depth":117,"text":18768},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":19790},[19791,19792,19794,19796],{"id":18871,"depth":117,"text":18872},{"id":19053,"depth":117,"text":19793},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19187,"depth":117,"text":19795},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19340,"depth":117,"text":19797},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19431,"depth":91,"text":19432},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":19800},[19801,19803,19804,19805],{"id":19637,"depth":117,"text":19802},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19646,"depth":117,"text":19647},{"id":19655,"depth":117,"text":19656},{"id":19662,"depth":117,"text":19663},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17360,"description":19807},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19814,"title":19815,"body":19816,"description":21645,"extension":2124,"meta":21646,"navigation":428,"path":21647,"seo":21648,"stem":21649,"__hash__":21650},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19817,"toc":21612},[19818,19823,19829,19840,19970,19977,19982,19986,20002,20004,20102,20105,20122,20126,20128,20133,20171,20174,20192,20194,20312,20317,20321,20337,20340,20476,20479,20484,20490,20493,20530,20533,20537,20542,20618,20622,20627,20709,20711,20727,20732,20736,20742,20811,20814,20831,20834,20916,20921,20924,20944,20948,20953,20959,20965,21036,21039,21045,21048,21122,21129,21135,21143,21153,21155,21250,21256,21261,21348,21354,21356,21361,21383,21386,21481,21484,21515,21528,21530,21538,21544,21550,21553,21559,21564,21571,21576,21578,21609],[10,19819,11478,19821,18],{"id":19820},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19822,10900],{},[20,19824,19825,19826,19828],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19827,10900],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19830,19831,19832,2352,19835,2558,19837,19839],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19833,19834],{},"KeyError",[15,19836,10900],{},[15,19838,172],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[46,19841,19843],{"className":48,"code":19842,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19844,19845,19881,19885,19911,19936],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19846,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19848,13357],{"class":61},[55,19850,66],{"class":65},[55,19852,10652],{"class":69},[55,19854,248],{"class":247},[55,19856,7829],{"class":251},[55,19858,248],{"class":247},[55,19860,153],{"class":69},[55,19862,258],{"class":247},[55,19864,13036],{"class":251},[55,19866,248],{"class":247},[55,19868,77],{"class":69},[55,19870,258],{"class":247},[55,19872,9461],{"class":251},[55,19874,248],{"class":247},[55,19876,153],{"class":69},[55,19878,9468],{"class":73},[55,19880,9471],{"class":69},[55,19882,19883],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,19884,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,19886,19887,19889,19891,19893,19895,19898,19900,19902,19904,19906,19908],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,19888,121],{"class":120},[55,19890,103],{"class":69},[55,19892,17457],{"class":99},[55,19894,44],{"class":69},[55,19896,19897],{"class":99},"get",[55,19899,103],{"class":69},[55,19901,248],{"class":247},[55,19903,7829],{"class":251},[55,19905,248],{"class":247},[55,19907,5522],{"class":69},[55,19909,19910],{"class":133},"           # Ana\n",[55,19912,19913,19915,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929,19931,19933],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,19914,121],{"class":120},[55,19916,103],{"class":69},[55,19918,17457],{"class":99},[55,19920,44],{"class":69},[55,19922,19897],{"class":99},[55,19924,103],{"class":69},[55,19926,248],{"class":247},[55,19928,10570],{"class":251},[55,19930,248],{"class":247},[55,19932,5522],{"class":69},[55,19934,19935],{"class":133},"           # None\n",[55,19937,19938,19940,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19952,19954,19956,19958,19960,19963,19965,19967],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,19939,121],{"class":120},[55,19941,103],{"class":69},[55,19943,17457],{"class":99},[55,19945,44],{"class":69},[55,19947,19897],{"class":99},[55,19949,103],{"class":69},[55,19951,248],{"class":247},[55,19953,10570],{"class":251},[55,19955,248],{"class":247},[55,19957,77],{"class":69},[55,19959,258],{"class":247},[55,19961,19962],{"class":251},"N\u002FA",[55,19964,248],{"class":247},[55,19966,5522],{"class":69},[55,19968,19969],{"class":133},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19971,31,19972,19974,19975,44],{},[15,19973,10900],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19976,19834],{},[142,19978,145,19980,148],{"id":19979},"what-get-does",[15,19981,10900],{},[20,19983,568,19984,11572],{},[15,19985,10900],{},[155,19987,19988,19991,19996,19999],{},[158,19989,19990],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[158,19992,169,19993,19995],{},[15,19994,172],{}," if the key does not exist",[158,19997,19998],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[158,20000,20001],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20003,230],{},[46,20005,20007],{"className":48,"code":20006,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20008,20009,20048,20052,20077],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20010,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019,20021,20023,20025,20027,20030,20032,20034,20036,20039,20041,20043,20046],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20012,13019],{"class":61},[55,20014,66],{"class":65},[55,20016,10652],{"class":69},[55,20018,248],{"class":247},[55,20020,7829],{"class":251},[55,20022,248],{"class":247},[55,20024,153],{"class":69},[55,20026,258],{"class":247},[55,20028,20029],{"class":251},"Lina",[55,20031,248],{"class":247},[55,20033,77],{"class":69},[55,20035,258],{"class":247},[55,20037,20038],{"class":251},"grade",[55,20040,248],{"class":247},[55,20042,153],{"class":69},[55,20044,20045],{"class":73}," 90",[55,20047,9471],{"class":69},[55,20049,20050],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,20051,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,20053,20054,20056,20058,20060,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070,20072,20074],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,20055,121],{"class":120},[55,20057,103],{"class":69},[55,20059,13776],{"class":99},[55,20061,44],{"class":69},[55,20063,19897],{"class":99},[55,20065,103],{"class":69},[55,20067,248],{"class":247},[55,20069,7829],{"class":251},[55,20071,248],{"class":247},[55,20073,5522],{"class":69},[55,20075,20076],{"class":133},"     # Lina\n",[55,20078,20079,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,20080,121],{"class":120},[55,20082,103],{"class":69},[55,20084,13776],{"class":99},[55,20086,44],{"class":69},[55,20088,19897],{"class":99},[55,20090,103],{"class":69},[55,20092,248],{"class":247},[55,20094,15408],{"class":251},[55,20096,248],{"class":247},[55,20098,5522],{"class":69},[55,20100,20101],{"class":133},"    # None\n",[20,20103,20104],{},"In this example:",[155,20106,20107,20112],{},[158,20108,20109,20111],{},[15,20110,15389],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[158,20113,20114,20117,20118,2558,20120],{},[15,20115,20116],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20119,10900],{},[15,20121,172],{},[20,20123,13176,20124,44],{},[36,20125,9317],{"href":9316},[142,20127,2319],{"id":2318},[20,20129,20130,20131,153],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20132,10900],{},[46,20134,20136],{"className":48,"code":20135,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20137,20138,20152],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20139,20140,20142,20144,20146,20148,20150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20141,15754],{"class":61},[55,20143,44],{"class":69},[55,20145,19897],{"class":99},[55,20147,103],{"class":69},[55,20149,14990],{"class":99},[55,20151,114],{"class":69},[55,20153,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20169],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,20155,15754],{"class":61},[55,20157,44],{"class":69},[55,20159,19897],{"class":99},[55,20161,103],{"class":69},[55,20163,14990],{"class":99},[55,20165,77],{"class":69},[55,20167,20168],{"class":99}," default_value",[55,20170,114],{"class":69},[20,20172,20173],{},"What each part means:",[155,20175,20176,20181,20187],{},[158,20177,20178,20180],{},[15,20179,14990],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[158,20182,20183,20186],{},[15,20184,20185],{},"default_value"," is optional",[158,20188,20189,20190],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20191,172],{},[20,20193,230],{},[46,20195,20197],{"className":48,"code":20196,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20198,20199,20223,20227,20252,20278],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20200,20201,20203,20205,20207,20209,20211,20213,20215,20217,20219,20221],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20202,13976],{"class":61},[55,20204,66],{"class":65},[55,20206,10652],{"class":69},[55,20208,248],{"class":247},[55,20210,12651],{"class":251},[55,20212,248],{"class":247},[55,20214,153],{"class":69},[55,20216,258],{"class":247},[55,20218,12660],{"class":251},[55,20220,248],{"class":247},[55,20222,9471],{"class":69},[55,20224,20225],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,20226,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,20228,20229,20231,20233,20235,20237,20239,20241,20243,20245,20247,20249],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,20230,121],{"class":120},[55,20232,103],{"class":69},[55,20234,14035],{"class":99},[55,20236,44],{"class":69},[55,20238,19897],{"class":99},[55,20240,103],{"class":69},[55,20242,248],{"class":247},[55,20244,12651],{"class":251},[55,20246,248],{"class":247},[55,20248,5522],{"class":69},[55,20250,20251],{"class":133},"            # dark\n",[55,20253,20254,20256,20258,20260,20262,20264,20266,20268,20271,20273,20275],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,20255,121],{"class":120},[55,20257,103],{"class":69},[55,20259,14035],{"class":99},[55,20261,44],{"class":69},[55,20263,19897],{"class":99},[55,20265,103],{"class":69},[55,20267,248],{"class":247},[55,20269,20270],{"class":251},"language",[55,20272,248],{"class":247},[55,20274,5522],{"class":69},[55,20276,20277],{"class":133},"         # None\n",[55,20279,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296,20298,20300,20302,20305,20307,20309],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,20281,121],{"class":120},[55,20283,103],{"class":69},[55,20285,14035],{"class":99},[55,20287,44],{"class":69},[55,20289,19897],{"class":99},[55,20291,103],{"class":69},[55,20293,248],{"class":247},[55,20295,20270],{"class":251},[55,20297,248],{"class":247},[55,20299,77],{"class":69},[55,20301,258],{"class":247},[55,20303,20304],{"class":251},"en",[55,20306,248],{"class":247},[55,20308,5522],{"class":69},[55,20310,20311],{"class":133},"   # en\n",[142,20313,1937,20315],{"id":20314},"when-to-use-get",[15,20316,10900],{},[20,20318,31,20319,993],{},[15,20320,10900],{},[155,20322,20323,20326,20331,20334],{},[158,20324,20325],{},"A key might not exist",[158,20327,20328,20329],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20330,19834],{},[158,20332,20333],{},"You are reading optional data",[158,20335,20336],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20338,20339],{},"Example with optional user data:",[46,20341,20343],{"className":48,"code":20342,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20344,20345,20387,20391,20416,20442],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20346,20347,20349,20351,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361,20363,20366,20368,20370,20372,20374,20376,20378,20380,20383,20385],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20348,11647],{"class":61},[55,20350,66],{"class":65},[55,20352,10652],{"class":69},[55,20354,248],{"class":247},[55,20356,8146],{"class":251},[55,20358,248],{"class":247},[55,20360,153],{"class":69},[55,20362,258],{"class":247},[55,20364,20365],{"class":251},"sam",[55,20367,248],{"class":247},[55,20369,77],{"class":69},[55,20371,258],{"class":247},[55,20373,15408],{"class":251},[55,20375,248],{"class":247},[55,20377,153],{"class":69},[55,20379,258],{"class":247},[55,20381,20382],{"class":251},"sam@example.com",[55,20384,248],{"class":247},[55,20386,9471],{"class":69},[55,20388,20389],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,20390,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,20392,20393,20395,20397,20399,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,20394,121],{"class":120},[55,20396,103],{"class":69},[55,20398,11740],{"class":99},[55,20400,44],{"class":69},[55,20402,19897],{"class":99},[55,20404,103],{"class":69},[55,20406,248],{"class":247},[55,20408,8146],{"class":251},[55,20410,248],{"class":247},[55,20412,5522],{"class":69},[55,20414,20415],{"class":133},"              # sam\n",[55,20417,20418,20420,20422,20424,20426,20428,20430,20432,20435,20437,20439],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,20419,121],{"class":120},[55,20421,103],{"class":69},[55,20423,11740],{"class":99},[55,20425,44],{"class":69},[55,20427,19897],{"class":99},[55,20429,103],{"class":69},[55,20431,248],{"class":247},[55,20433,20434],{"class":251},"phone",[55,20436,248],{"class":247},[55,20438,5522],{"class":69},[55,20440,20441],{"class":133},"                 # None\n",[55,20443,20444,20446,20448,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458,20460,20462,20464,20466,20469,20471,20473],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,20445,121],{"class":120},[55,20447,103],{"class":69},[55,20449,11740],{"class":99},[55,20451,44],{"class":69},[55,20453,19897],{"class":99},[55,20455,103],{"class":69},[55,20457,248],{"class":247},[55,20459,20434],{"class":251},[55,20461,248],{"class":247},[55,20463,77],{"class":69},[55,20465,258],{"class":247},[55,20467,20468],{"class":251},"Not provided",[55,20470,248],{"class":247},[55,20472,5522],{"class":69},[55,20474,20475],{"class":133}," # Not provided\n",[20,20477,20478],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20480,20481,20482,44],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[36,20483,16748],{"href":16747},[142,20485,20487,20489],{"id":20486},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20488,10900],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20491,20492],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[46,20494,20496],{"className":48,"code":20495,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20497,20498,20512],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20499,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20501,9366],{"class":61},[55,20503,312],{"class":69},[55,20505,248],{"class":247},[55,20507,14990],{"class":251},[55,20509,248],{"class":247},[55,20511,88],{"class":69},[55,20513,20514,20516,20518,20520,20522,20524,20526,20528],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,20515,9366],{"class":61},[55,20517,44],{"class":69},[55,20519,19897],{"class":99},[55,20521,103],{"class":69},[55,20523,248],{"class":247},[55,20525,14990],{"class":251},[55,20527,248],{"class":247},[55,20529,114],{"class":69},[20,20531,20532],{},"The difference is important.",[577,20534,20536],{"id":20535},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20538,20539,20540,44],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20541,19834],{},[46,20543,20545],{"className":48,"code":20544,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20546,20547,20571,20575,20597],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20548,20549,20551,20553,20555,20557,20559,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20550,9327],{"class":61},[55,20552,66],{"class":65},[55,20554,10652],{"class":69},[55,20556,248],{"class":247},[55,20558,7829],{"class":251},[55,20560,248],{"class":247},[55,20562,153],{"class":69},[55,20564,258],{"class":247},[55,20566,13036],{"class":251},[55,20568,248],{"class":247},[55,20570,9471],{"class":69},[55,20572,20573],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,20574,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,20576,20577,20579,20581,20583,20585,20587,20589,20591,20594],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,20578,121],{"class":120},[55,20580,103],{"class":69},[55,20582,9366],{"class":99},[55,20584,312],{"class":69},[55,20586,248],{"class":247},[55,20588,7829],{"class":251},[55,20590,248],{"class":247},[55,20592,20593],{"class":69},"])",[55,20595,20596],{"class":133},"   # Ana\n",[55,20598,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609,20611,20613,20615],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,20600,121],{"class":120},[55,20602,103],{"class":69},[55,20604,9366],{"class":99},[55,20606,312],{"class":69},[55,20608,248],{"class":247},[55,20610,10570],{"class":251},[55,20612,248],{"class":247},[55,20614,20593],{"class":69},[55,20616,20617],{"class":133},"   # KeyError\n",[577,20619,20620],{"id":19897},[15,20621,10900],{},[20,20623,20624,20626],{},[15,20625,10900],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[46,20628,20630],{"className":48,"code":20629,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20631,20632,20656,20660,20684],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20633,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20635,9327],{"class":61},[55,20637,66],{"class":65},[55,20639,10652],{"class":69},[55,20641,248],{"class":247},[55,20643,7829],{"class":251},[55,20645,248],{"class":247},[55,20647,153],{"class":69},[55,20649,258],{"class":247},[55,20651,13036],{"class":251},[55,20653,248],{"class":247},[55,20655,9471],{"class":69},[55,20657,20658],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,20659,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,20661,20662,20664,20666,20668,20670,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20682],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,20663,121],{"class":120},[55,20665,103],{"class":69},[55,20667,9366],{"class":99},[55,20669,44],{"class":69},[55,20671,19897],{"class":99},[55,20673,103],{"class":69},[55,20675,248],{"class":247},[55,20677,7829],{"class":251},[55,20679,248],{"class":247},[55,20681,5522],{"class":69},[55,20683,20596],{"class":133},[55,20685,20686,20688,20690,20692,20694,20696,20698,20700,20702,20704,20706],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,20687,121],{"class":120},[55,20689,103],{"class":69},[55,20691,9366],{"class":99},[55,20693,44],{"class":69},[55,20695,19897],{"class":99},[55,20697,103],{"class":69},[55,20699,248],{"class":247},[55,20701,10570],{"class":251},[55,20703,248],{"class":247},[55,20705,5522],{"class":69},[55,20707,20708],{"class":133},"   # None\n",[20,20710,18842],{},[155,20712,20713,20719],{},[158,20714,20715,20716],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[1966,20717,20718],{},"must exist",[158,20720,20721,20723,20724],{},[15,20722,10900],{}," when the key is ",[1966,20725,20726],{},"optional",[20,20728,20729,20730,44],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[36,20731,11422],{"href":11234},[142,20733,20735],{"id":20734},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20737,20738,20739,20741],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20740,10900],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[46,20743,20745],{"className":48,"code":20744,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20746,20747,20772,20776],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20748,20749,20752,20754,20756,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768,20770],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20750,20751],{"class":61},"profile ",[55,20753,66],{"class":65},[55,20755,10652],{"class":69},[55,20757,248],{"class":247},[55,20759,7829],{"class":251},[55,20761,248],{"class":247},[55,20763,153],{"class":69},[55,20765,258],{"class":247},[55,20767,8082],{"class":251},[55,20769,248],{"class":247},[55,20771,9471],{"class":69},[55,20773,20774],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,20775,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,20777,20778,20780,20782,20785,20787,20789,20791,20793,20795,20797,20799,20801,20804,20806,20808],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,20779,121],{"class":120},[55,20781,103],{"class":69},[55,20783,20784],{"class":99},"profile",[55,20786,44],{"class":69},[55,20788,19897],{"class":99},[55,20790,103],{"class":69},[55,20792,248],{"class":247},[55,20794,15411],{"class":251},[55,20796,248],{"class":247},[55,20798,77],{"class":69},[55,20800,258],{"class":247},[55,20802,20803],{"class":251},"Unknown",[55,20805,248],{"class":247},[55,20807,5522],{"class":69},[55,20809,20810],{"class":133},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20812,20813],{},"This is useful for display text:",[155,20815,20816,20821,20826],{},[158,20817,20818],{},[15,20819,20820],{},"\"Unknown\"",[158,20822,20823],{},[15,20824,20825],{},"\"Not set\"",[158,20827,20828],{},[15,20829,20830],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20832,20833],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[46,20835,20837],{"className":48,"code":20836,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20838,20839,20871,20875,20902],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20840,20841,20843,20845,20847,20849,20851,20853,20855,20857,20859,20861,20863,20865,20867,20869],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20842,5224],{"class":61},[55,20844,66],{"class":65},[55,20846,10652],{"class":69},[55,20848,248],{"class":247},[55,20850,18564],{"class":251},[55,20852,248],{"class":247},[55,20854,153],{"class":69},[55,20856,6162],{"class":73},[55,20858,77],{"class":69},[55,20860,258],{"class":247},[55,20862,18573],{"class":251},[55,20864,248],{"class":247},[55,20866,153],{"class":69},[55,20868,6518],{"class":73},[55,20870,9471],{"class":69},[55,20872,20873],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,20874,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,20876,20877,20880,20882,20884,20886,20888,20890,20892,20894,20896,20898,20900],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,20878,20879],{"class":61},"total_history ",[55,20881,66],{"class":65},[55,20883,5271],{"class":61},[55,20885,44],{"class":69},[55,20887,19897],{"class":99},[55,20889,103],{"class":69},[55,20891,248],{"class":247},[55,20893,18582],{"class":251},[55,20895,248],{"class":247},[55,20897,77],{"class":69},[55,20899,3997],{"class":73},[55,20901,114],{"class":69},[55,20903,20904,20906,20908,20911,20913],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,20905,121],{"class":120},[55,20907,103],{"class":69},[55,20909,20910],{"class":99},"total_history",[55,20912,3825],{"class":69},[55,20914,20915],{"class":133},"   # 0\n",[20,20917,341,20918,20920],{},[15,20919,227],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20922,20923],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[155,20925,20926,20929,20934,20939],{},[158,20927,20928],{},"Use a string for text",[158,20930,31,20931,20933],{},[15,20932,227],{}," for numbers",[158,20935,31,20936,20938],{},[15,20937,3950],{}," for lists if needed",[158,20940,31,20941,20943],{},[15,20942,3955],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[142,20945,20947],{"id":20946},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20949,20950,20951,44],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20952,10900],{},[577,20954,20956,20958],{"id":20955},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20957,10900],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20960,20961,20962,20964],{},"This code does ",[1966,20963,1968],{}," create a new key:",[46,20966,20968],{"className":48,"code":20967,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20969,20970,20994,20998,21023],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20971,20972,20974,20976,20978,20980,20982,20984,20986,20988,20990,20992],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20973,13357],{"class":61},[55,20975,66],{"class":65},[55,20977,10652],{"class":69},[55,20979,248],{"class":247},[55,20981,7829],{"class":251},[55,20983,248],{"class":247},[55,20985,153],{"class":69},[55,20987,258],{"class":247},[55,20989,13036],{"class":251},[55,20991,248],{"class":247},[55,20993,9471],{"class":69},[55,20995,20996],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,20997,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,20999,21000,21002,21004,21006,21008,21010,21012,21014,21016,21018,21020],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,21001,121],{"class":120},[55,21003,103],{"class":69},[55,21005,17457],{"class":99},[55,21007,44],{"class":69},[55,21009,19897],{"class":99},[55,21011,103],{"class":69},[55,21013,248],{"class":247},[55,21015,10570],{"class":251},[55,21017,248],{"class":247},[55,21019,5522],{"class":69},[55,21021,21022],{"class":133},"  # None\n",[55,21024,21025,21027,21029,21031,21033],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,21026,121],{"class":120},[55,21028,103],{"class":69},[55,21030,17457],{"class":99},[55,21032,3825],{"class":69},[55,21034,21035],{"class":133},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21037,21038],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[577,21040,21042,21044],{"id":21041},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21043,10900],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21046,21047],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[46,21049,21051],{"className":48,"code":21050,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21052,21053,21079,21083,21109],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21054,21055,21057,21059,21061,21063,21066,21068,21070,21072,21075,21077],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21056,13976],{"class":61},[55,21058,66],{"class":65},[55,21060,10652],{"class":69},[55,21062,248],{"class":247},[55,21064,21065],{"class":251},"mode",[55,21067,248],{"class":247},[55,21069,153],{"class":69},[55,21071,258],{"class":247},[55,21073,21074],{"class":251},"light",[55,21076,248],{"class":247},[55,21078,9471],{"class":69},[55,21080,21081],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,21082,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,21084,21085,21087,21089,21091,21093,21095,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105,21107],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,21086,14035],{"class":61},[55,21088,44],{"class":69},[55,21090,19897],{"class":99},[55,21092,103],{"class":69},[55,21094,248],{"class":247},[55,21096,12651],{"class":251},[55,21098,248],{"class":247},[55,21100,77],{"class":69},[55,21102,258],{"class":247},[55,21104,12660],{"class":251},[55,21106,248],{"class":247},[55,21108,114],{"class":69},[55,21110,21111,21113,21115,21117,21119],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,21112,121],{"class":120},[55,21114,103],{"class":69},[55,21116,14035],{"class":99},[55,21118,3825],{"class":69},[55,21120,21121],{"class":133},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21123,21124,21125,21128],{},"Even though ",[15,21126,21127],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[577,21130,21132,21133],{"id":21131},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21134,172],{},[20,21136,21137,21138,2558,21140,21142],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21139,10900],{},[15,21141,172],{}," because:",[155,21144,21145,21148],{},[158,21146,21147],{},"The key is missing, or",[158,21149,21150,21151],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21152,172],{},[20,21154,230],{},[46,21156,21158],{"className":48,"code":21157,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21159,21160,21197,21201,21225],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21161,21162,21164,21166,21168,21170,21172,21174,21176,21178,21180,21182,21184,21186,21189,21191,21193,21195],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21163,9327],{"class":61},[55,21165,66],{"class":65},[55,21167,10652],{"class":69},[55,21169,248],{"class":247},[55,21171,7829],{"class":251},[55,21173,248],{"class":247},[55,21175,153],{"class":69},[55,21177,258],{"class":247},[55,21179,13036],{"class":251},[55,21181,248],{"class":247},[55,21183,77],{"class":69},[55,21185,258],{"class":247},[55,21187,21188],{"class":251},"nickname",[55,21190,248],{"class":247},[55,21192,153],{"class":69},[55,21194,4016],{"class":1312},[55,21196,9471],{"class":69},[55,21198,21199],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,21200,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,21202,21203,21205,21207,21209,21211,21213,21215,21217,21219,21221,21223],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,21204,121],{"class":120},[55,21206,103],{"class":69},[55,21208,9366],{"class":99},[55,21210,44],{"class":69},[55,21212,19897],{"class":99},[55,21214,103],{"class":69},[55,21216,248],{"class":247},[55,21218,21188],{"class":251},[55,21220,248],{"class":247},[55,21222,5522],{"class":69},[55,21224,21022],{"class":133},[55,21226,21227,21229,21231,21233,21235,21237,21239,21241,21243,21245,21247],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,21228,121],{"class":120},[55,21230,103],{"class":69},[55,21232,9366],{"class":99},[55,21234,44],{"class":69},[55,21236,19897],{"class":99},[55,21238,103],{"class":69},[55,21240,248],{"class":247},[55,21242,10570],{"class":251},[55,21244,248],{"class":247},[55,21246,5522],{"class":69},[55,21248,21249],{"class":133},"      # None\n",[20,21251,21252,21253,21255],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21254,172],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21257,21258,21259,153],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21260,4047],{},[46,21262,21264],{"className":48,"code":21263,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21265,21266,21302,21306,21327],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21267,21268,21270,21272,21274,21276,21278,21280,21282,21284,21286,21288,21290,21292,21294,21296,21298,21300],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21269,9327],{"class":61},[55,21271,66],{"class":65},[55,21273,10652],{"class":69},[55,21275,248],{"class":247},[55,21277,7829],{"class":251},[55,21279,248],{"class":247},[55,21281,153],{"class":69},[55,21283,258],{"class":247},[55,21285,13036],{"class":251},[55,21287,248],{"class":247},[55,21289,77],{"class":69},[55,21291,258],{"class":247},[55,21293,21188],{"class":251},[55,21295,248],{"class":247},[55,21297,153],{"class":69},[55,21299,4016],{"class":1312},[55,21301,9471],{"class":69},[55,21303,21304],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,21305,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,21307,21308,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318,21321,21323,21325],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,21309,121],{"class":120},[55,21311,103],{"class":69},[55,21313,248],{"class":247},[55,21315,21188],{"class":251},[55,21317,248],{"class":247},[55,21319,21320],{"class":4040}," in",[55,21322,14716],{"class":99},[55,21324,3825],{"class":69},[55,21326,3828],{"class":133},[55,21328,21329,21331,21333,21335,21337,21339,21341,21343,21345],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,21330,121],{"class":120},[55,21332,103],{"class":69},[55,21334,248],{"class":247},[55,21336,10570],{"class":251},[55,21338,248],{"class":247},[55,21340,21320],{"class":4040},[55,21342,14716],{"class":99},[55,21344,3825],{"class":69},[55,21346,21347],{"class":133},"      # False\n",[20,21349,21350,21351,44],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[36,21352,21353],{"href":17303},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[142,21355,2992],{"id":2991},[20,21357,21358,21359,153],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21360,10900],{},[155,21362,21363,21368,21375,21380],{},[158,21364,21365,21366],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21367,19834],{},[158,21369,4865,21370,2558,21372,21374],{},[15,21371,10900],{},[15,21373,172],{}," if no default is provided",[158,21376,4740,21377,21379],{},[15,21378,10900],{}," creates a key automatically",[158,21381,21382],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21384,21385],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[46,21387,21389],{"className":48,"code":21388,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21390,21391,21401,21415,21433,21455],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21392,21393,21395,21397,21399],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21394,121],{"class":120},[55,21396,103],{"class":69},[55,21398,11608],{"class":99},[55,21400,114],{"class":69},[55,21402,21403,21405,21407,21409,21411,21413],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,21404,121],{"class":120},[55,21406,103],{"class":69},[55,21408,11608],{"class":99},[55,21410,44],{"class":69},[55,21412,17073],{"class":99},[55,21414,7354],{"class":69},[55,21416,21417,21419,21421,21423,21425,21427,21429,21431],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,21418,121],{"class":120},[55,21420,103],{"class":69},[55,21422,315],{"class":247},[55,21424,7829],{"class":251},[55,21426,315],{"class":247},[55,21428,21320],{"class":4040},[55,21430,11923],{"class":99},[55,21432,114],{"class":69},[55,21434,21435,21437,21439,21441,21443,21445,21447,21449,21451,21453],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,21436,121],{"class":120},[55,21438,103],{"class":69},[55,21440,11608],{"class":99},[55,21442,44],{"class":69},[55,21444,19897],{"class":99},[55,21446,103],{"class":69},[55,21448,315],{"class":247},[55,21450,7829],{"class":251},[55,21452,315],{"class":247},[55,21454,1867],{"class":69},[55,21456,21457,21459,21461,21463,21465,21467,21469,21471,21473,21475,21477,21479],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,21458,121],{"class":120},[55,21460,103],{"class":69},[55,21462,1910],{"class":1898},[55,21464,103],{"class":69},[55,21466,11608],{"class":99},[55,21468,44],{"class":69},[55,21470,19897],{"class":99},[55,21472,103],{"class":69},[55,21474,315],{"class":247},[55,21476,7829],{"class":251},[55,21478,315],{"class":247},[55,21480,3075],{"class":69},[20,21482,21483],{},"What these checks tell you:",[155,21485,21486,21491,21497,21503,21509],{},[158,21487,21488,21490],{},[15,21489,12835],{}," shows the full dictionary",[158,21492,21493,21496],{},[15,21494,21495],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[158,21498,21499,21502],{},[15,21500,21501],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[158,21504,21505,21508],{},[15,21506,21507],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[158,21510,21511,21514],{},[15,21512,21513],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21516,21517,21518,352,21523,21527],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[36,21519,21520,21521,43],{"href":17212},"the dictionary ",[15,21522,17215],{},[36,21524,21520,21525,43],{"href":17225},[15,21526,17228],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[142,21529,1986],{"id":1985},[577,21531,1990,21533,21535,21536,2027],{"id":21532},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21534,10900],{}," raise ",[15,21537,19834],{},[20,21539,21540,21541,21543],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21542,172],{}," or the default value you provide.",[577,21545,1990,21547,21549],{"id":21546},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21548,10900],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21551,21552],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[577,21554,21556,21557,2027],{"id":21555},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21558,10900],{},[20,21560,21561,21563],{},[15,21562,172],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[577,21565,21567,21568,21570],{"id":21566},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21569,10900],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21572,31,21573,21575],{},[15,21574,10900],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[142,21577,2039],{"id":2038},[155,21579,21580,21584,21590,21596,21600,21605],{},[158,21581,21582],{},[36,21583,9317],{"href":9316},[158,21585,21586],{},[36,21587,10897,21588,43],{"href":17212},[15,21589,17215],{},[158,21591,21592],{},[36,21593,10897,21594,43],{"href":17225},[15,21595,17228],{},[158,21597,21598],{},[36,21599,17304],{"href":17303},[158,21601,21602],{},[36,21603,21604],{"href":16747},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[158,21606,21607],{},[36,21608,11422],{"href":11234},[2080,21610,21611],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21622,21623],{"id":20535,"depth":117,"text":20536},{"id":19897,"depth":117,"text":10900},{"id":20734,"depth":91,"text":20735},{"id":20946,"depth":91,"text":20947,"children":21626},[21627,21629,21631],{"id":20955,"depth":117,"text":21628},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21041,"depth":117,"text":21630},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21131,"depth":117,"text":21632},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":21635},[21636,21638,21640,21642],{"id":21532,"depth":117,"text":21637},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21546,"depth":117,"text":21639},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21555,"depth":117,"text":21641},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21566,"depth":117,"text":21643},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19815,"description":21645},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21652,"title":21653,"body":21654,"description":24208,"extension":2124,"meta":24209,"navigation":428,"path":24210,"seo":24211,"stem":24212,"__hash__":24213},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21655,"toc":24174},[21656,21661,21667,21673,21675,21757,21761,21778,21783,21788,21793,21795,21809,21811,21874,21878,21918,21926,21928,21930,21945,21948,21961,21963,22042,22046,22112,22114,22118,22126,22128,22139,22141,22251,22255,22334,22340,22346,22351,22464,22468,22500,22503,22610,22616,22623,22627,22630,22731,22735,22796,22799,22802,22813,22822,22825,22842,22844,22943,22947,23022,23025,23048,23053,23058,23075,23077,23198,23202,23236,23238,23243,23250,23260,23262,23340,23343,23414,23424,23427,23458,23461,23500,23506,23513,23516,23607,23611,23692,23698,23701,23704,23809,23812,23815,23937,23941,23944,24011,24015,24052,24058,24060,24066,24071,24077,24084,24090,24093,24132,24138,24141,24143,24171],[10,21657,11478,21659,18],{"id":21658},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21660,17228],{},[20,21662,568,21663,21666],{},[15,21664,21665],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21668,21669,21670,21672],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21671,17228],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[142,21674,2165],{"id":2164},[46,21676,21678],{"className":48,"code":21677,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21679,21680,21716,21720,21743],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21681,21682,21684,21686,21688,21690,21692,21694,21696,21698,21700,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21683,13357],{"class":61},[55,21685,66],{"class":65},[55,21687,10652],{"class":69},[55,21689,248],{"class":247},[55,21691,7829],{"class":251},[55,21693,248],{"class":247},[55,21695,153],{"class":69},[55,21697,258],{"class":247},[55,21699,13036],{"class":251},[55,21701,248],{"class":247},[55,21703,77],{"class":69},[55,21705,258],{"class":247},[55,21707,9461],{"class":251},[55,21709,248],{"class":247},[55,21711,153],{"class":69},[55,21713,9468],{"class":73},[55,21715,9471],{"class":69},[55,21717,21718],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,21719,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,21721,21722,21724,21727,21729,21732,21734,21736,21738,21740],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,21723,6115],{"class":4040},[55,21725,21726],{"class":61}," key",[55,21728,77],{"class":69},[55,21730,21731],{"class":61}," value ",[55,21733,4047],{"class":4040},[55,21735,13400],{"class":61},[55,21737,44],{"class":69},[55,21739,1057],{"class":99},[55,21741,21742],{"class":69},"():\n",[55,21744,21745,21747,21749,21751,21753,21755],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,21746,8230],{"class":120},[55,21748,103],{"class":69},[55,21750,14990],{"class":99},[55,21752,77],{"class":69},[55,21754,8594],{"class":99},[55,21756,114],{"class":69},[20,21758,21759],{},[1966,21760,302],{},[46,21762,21764],{"className":48,"code":21763,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21765,21766,21771],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21767,21768],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21769,21770],{"class":61},"name Ana\n",[55,21772,21773,21776],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,21774,21775],{"class":61},"age ",[55,21777,2870],{"class":73},[20,21779,31,21780,21782],{},[15,21781,17228],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[142,21784,145,21786,148],{"id":21785},"what-items-does",[15,21787,17228],{},[20,21789,21790,21792],{},[15,21791,17228],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21794,11617],{},[155,21796,21797,21803,21806],{},[158,21798,21799,21800],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21801,21802],{},"(key, value)",[158,21804,21805],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[158,21807,21808],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21810,230],{},[46,21812,21814],{"className":48,"code":21813,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21815,21816,21852,21856],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21817,21818,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842,21844,21846,21848,21850],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21819,13357],{"class":61},[55,21821,66],{"class":65},[55,21823,10652],{"class":69},[55,21825,248],{"class":247},[55,21827,7829],{"class":251},[55,21829,248],{"class":247},[55,21831,153],{"class":69},[55,21833,258],{"class":247},[55,21835,13036],{"class":251},[55,21837,248],{"class":247},[55,21839,77],{"class":69},[55,21841,258],{"class":247},[55,21843,9461],{"class":251},[55,21845,248],{"class":247},[55,21847,153],{"class":69},[55,21849,9468],{"class":73},[55,21851,9471],{"class":69},[55,21853,21854],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,21855,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,21857,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,21859,121],{"class":120},[55,21861,103],{"class":69},[55,21863,1899],{"class":1898},[55,21865,103],{"class":69},[55,21867,17457],{"class":99},[55,21869,44],{"class":69},[55,21871,1057],{"class":99},[55,21873,6448],{"class":69},[20,21875,21876],{},[1966,21877,302],{},[46,21879,21881],{"className":48,"code":21880,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21882,21883],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21884,21885,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21886,21887],{"class":69},"[(",[55,21889,315],{"class":247},[55,21891,7829],{"class":251},[55,21893,315],{"class":247},[55,21895,77],{"class":69},[55,21897,324],{"class":247},[55,21899,13036],{"class":251},[55,21901,315],{"class":247},[55,21903,9395],{"class":69},[55,21905,9398],{"class":69},[55,21907,315],{"class":247},[55,21909,9461],{"class":251},[55,21911,315],{"class":247},[55,21913,77],{"class":69},[55,21915,9468],{"class":73},[55,21917,9411],{"class":69},[20,21919,21920,21921,3041,21923,44],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[36,21922,9317],{"href":13179},[36,21924,15174],{"href":21925},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[142,21927,2319],{"id":2318},[20,21929,5593],{},[46,21931,21933],{"className":48,"code":21932,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21934,21935],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21936,21937,21939,21941,21943],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21938,11608],{"class":61},[55,21940,44],{"class":69},[55,21942,1057],{"class":99},[55,21944,8804],{"class":69},[20,21946,21947],{},"Things to remember:",[155,21949,21950,21955,21958],{},[158,21951,21952,21954],{},[15,21953,17228],{}," does not take any arguments",[158,21956,21957],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[158,21959,21960],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21962,230],{},[46,21964,21966],{"className":48,"code":21965,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21967,21968,22000,22004,22018,22022,22032],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21969,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21971,5224],{"class":61},[55,21973,66],{"class":65},[55,21975,10652],{"class":69},[55,21977,248],{"class":247},[55,21979,5164],{"class":251},[55,21981,248],{"class":247},[55,21983,153],{"class":69},[55,21985,20045],{"class":73},[55,21987,77],{"class":69},[55,21989,258],{"class":247},[55,21991,5173],{"class":251},[55,21993,248],{"class":247},[55,21995,153],{"class":69},[55,21997,13658],{"class":73},[55,21999,9471],{"class":69},[55,22001,22002],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,22003,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,22005,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,22007,1255],{"class":61},[55,22009,66],{"class":65},[55,22011,5271],{"class":61},[55,22013,44],{"class":69},[55,22015,1057],{"class":99},[55,22017,8804],{"class":69},[55,22019,22020],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,22021,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,22023,22024,22026,22028,22030],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,22025,121],{"class":120},[55,22027,103],{"class":69},[55,22029,1288],{"class":99},[55,22031,114],{"class":69},[55,22033,22034,22036,22038,22040],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,22035,121],{"class":120},[55,22037,103],{"class":69},[55,22039,16539],{"class":99},[55,22041,114],{"class":69},[20,22043,22044],{},[1966,22045,302],{},[46,22047,22049],{"className":48,"code":22048,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22050,22051,22084],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22052,22053,22056,22058,22060,22062,22064,22066,22068,22070,22072,22074,22076,22078,22080,22082],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22054,22055],{"class":99},"dict_items",[55,22057,9820],{"class":69},[55,22059,315],{"class":247},[55,22061,5164],{"class":251},[55,22063,315],{"class":247},[55,22065,77],{"class":69},[55,22067,20045],{"class":73},[55,22069,9395],{"class":69},[55,22071,9398],{"class":69},[55,22073,315],{"class":247},[55,22075,5173],{"class":251},[55,22077,315],{"class":247},[55,22079,77],{"class":69},[55,22081,13658],{"class":73},[55,22083,10839],{"class":69},[55,22085,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094,22096,22098,22100,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,22087,9440],{"class":69},[55,22089,315],{"class":247},[55,22091,5164],{"class":251},[55,22093,315],{"class":247},[55,22095,153],{"class":69},[55,22097,20045],{"class":73},[55,22099,77],{"class":69},[55,22101,324],{"class":247},[55,22103,5173],{"class":251},[55,22105,315],{"class":247},[55,22107,153],{"class":69},[55,22109,13658],{"class":73},[55,22111,9471],{"class":69},[20,22113,21038],{},[142,22115,22117],{"id":22116},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22119,22120,22122,22123,22125],{},[15,22121,17228],{}," returns a ",[15,22124,22055],{}," view object.",[20,22127,2268],{},[155,22129,22130,22133,22136],{},[158,22131,22132],{},"You can loop over it",[158,22134,22135],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[158,22137,22138],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22140,230],{},[46,22142,22144],{"className":48,"code":22143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22145,22146,22178,22192,22196,22210,22214,22233,22237],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22147,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22149,9327],{"class":61},[55,22151,66],{"class":65},[55,22153,10652],{"class":69},[55,22155,248],{"class":247},[55,22157,2336],{"class":251},[55,22159,248],{"class":247},[55,22161,153],{"class":69},[55,22163,630],{"class":73},[55,22165,77],{"class":69},[55,22167,258],{"class":247},[55,22169,11902],{"class":251},[55,22171,248],{"class":247},[55,22173,153],{"class":69},[55,22175,80],{"class":73},[55,22177,9471],{"class":69},[55,22179,22180,22182,22184,22186,22188,22190],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,22181,9377],{"class":61},[55,22183,66],{"class":65},[55,22185,14716],{"class":61},[55,22187,44],{"class":69},[55,22189,1057],{"class":99},[55,22191,8804],{"class":69},[55,22193,22194],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,22195,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,22197,22198,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,22199,121],{"class":120},[55,22201,103],{"class":69},[55,22203,1899],{"class":1898},[55,22205,103],{"class":69},[55,22207,9424],{"class":99},[55,22209,1867],{"class":69},[55,22211,22212],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,22213,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,22215,22216,22218,22220,22222,22225,22227,22229,22231],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,22217,9366],{"class":61},[55,22219,312],{"class":69},[55,22221,248],{"class":247},[55,22223,22224],{"class":251},"z",[55,22226,248],{"class":247},[55,22228,1680],{"class":69},[55,22230,1683],{"class":65},[55,22232,2738],{"class":73},[55,22234,22235],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,22236,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,22238,22239,22241,22243,22245,22247,22249],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,22240,121],{"class":120},[55,22242,103],{"class":69},[55,22244,1899],{"class":1898},[55,22246,103],{"class":69},[55,22248,9424],{"class":99},[55,22250,1867],{"class":69},[20,22252,22253],{},[1966,22254,302],{},[46,22256,22258],{"className":48,"code":22257,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22259,22260,22290],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22261,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22263,21887],{"class":69},[55,22265,315],{"class":247},[55,22267,2336],{"class":251},[55,22269,315],{"class":247},[55,22271,77],{"class":69},[55,22273,630],{"class":73},[55,22275,9395],{"class":69},[55,22277,9398],{"class":69},[55,22279,315],{"class":247},[55,22281,11902],{"class":251},[55,22283,315],{"class":247},[55,22285,77],{"class":69},[55,22287,80],{"class":73},[55,22289,9411],{"class":69},[55,22291,22292,22294,22296,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,22293,21887],{"class":69},[55,22295,315],{"class":247},[55,22297,2336],{"class":251},[55,22299,315],{"class":247},[55,22301,77],{"class":69},[55,22303,630],{"class":73},[55,22305,9395],{"class":69},[55,22307,9398],{"class":69},[55,22309,315],{"class":247},[55,22311,11902],{"class":251},[55,22313,315],{"class":247},[55,22315,77],{"class":69},[55,22317,80],{"class":73},[55,22319,9395],{"class":69},[55,22321,9398],{"class":69},[55,22323,315],{"class":247},[55,22325,22224],{"class":251},[55,22327,315],{"class":247},[55,22329,77],{"class":69},[55,22331,111],{"class":73},[55,22333,9411],{"class":69},[20,22335,22336,22337,22339],{},"This happens because ",[15,22338,9424],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[142,22341,22343,22344],{"id":22342},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22345,17228],{},[20,22347,22348,22349,153],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22350,17228],{},[46,22352,22354],{"className":48,"code":22353,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22355,22356,22409,22413,22433],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22357,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370,22372,22374,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22393,22395,22397,22399,22401,22403,22405,22407],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22359,13019],{"class":61},[55,22361,66],{"class":65},[55,22363,10652],{"class":69},[55,22365,248],{"class":247},[55,22367,7829],{"class":251},[55,22369,248],{"class":247},[55,22371,153],{"class":69},[55,22373,258],{"class":247},[55,22375,8082],{"class":251},[55,22377,248],{"class":247},[55,22379,77],{"class":69},[55,22381,258],{"class":247},[55,22383,20038],{"class":251},[55,22385,248],{"class":247},[55,22387,153],{"class":69},[55,22389,258],{"class":247},[55,22391,22392],{"class":251},"A",[55,22394,248],{"class":247},[55,22396,77],{"class":69},[55,22398,258],{"class":247},[55,22400,9461],{"class":251},[55,22402,248],{"class":247},[55,22404,153],{"class":69},[55,22406,14008],{"class":73},[55,22408,9471],{"class":69},[55,22410,22411],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,22412,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,22414,22415,22417,22419,22421,22423,22425,22427,22429,22431],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,22416,6115],{"class":4040},[55,22418,21726],{"class":61},[55,22420,77],{"class":69},[55,22422,21731],{"class":61},[55,22424,4047],{"class":4040},[55,22426,13062],{"class":61},[55,22428,44],{"class":69},[55,22430,1057],{"class":99},[55,22432,21742],{"class":69},[55,22434,22435,22437,22439,22442,22444,22446,22448,22451,22454,22456,22458,22460,22462],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,22436,8230],{"class":120},[55,22438,103],{"class":69},[55,22440,22441],{"class":2226},"f",[55,22443,248],{"class":251},[55,22445,9440],{"class":73},[55,22447,14990],{"class":99},[55,22449,22450],{"class":73},"}",[55,22452,22453],{"class":251},": ",[55,22455,9440],{"class":73},[55,22457,2633],{"class":99},[55,22459,22450],{"class":73},[55,22461,248],{"class":251},[55,22463,114],{"class":69},[20,22465,22466],{},[1966,22467,302],{},[46,22469,22471],{"className":48,"code":22470,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22472,22473,22482,22491],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22474,22475,22477,22479],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22476,7829],{"class":61},[55,22478,153],{"class":69},[55,22480,22481],{"class":61}," Mia\n",[55,22483,22484,22486,22488],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,22485,20038],{"class":61},[55,22487,153],{"class":69},[55,22489,22490],{"class":61}," A\n",[55,22492,22493,22495,22497],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,22494,9461],{"class":61},[55,22496,153],{"class":69},[55,22498,22499],{"class":73}," 14\n",[20,22501,22502],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[46,22504,22506],{"className":48,"code":22505,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22507,22508,22560,22564,22576],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22509,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22511,13019],{"class":61},[55,22513,66],{"class":65},[55,22515,10652],{"class":69},[55,22517,248],{"class":247},[55,22519,7829],{"class":251},[55,22521,248],{"class":247},[55,22523,153],{"class":69},[55,22525,258],{"class":247},[55,22527,8082],{"class":251},[55,22529,248],{"class":247},[55,22531,77],{"class":69},[55,22533,258],{"class":247},[55,22535,20038],{"class":251},[55,22537,248],{"class":247},[55,22539,153],{"class":69},[55,22541,258],{"class":247},[55,22543,22392],{"class":251},[55,22545,248],{"class":247},[55,22547,77],{"class":69},[55,22549,258],{"class":247},[55,22551,9461],{"class":251},[55,22553,248],{"class":247},[55,22555,153],{"class":69},[55,22557,14008],{"class":73},[55,22559,9471],{"class":69},[55,22561,22562],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,22563,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,22565,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,22567,6115],{"class":4040},[55,22569,18356],{"class":61},[55,22571,4047],{"class":4040},[55,22573,13062],{"class":61},[55,22575,6552],{"class":69},[55,22577,22578,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588,22590,22592,22594,22596,22598,22600,22602,22604,22606,22608],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,22579,8230],{"class":120},[55,22581,103],{"class":69},[55,22583,22441],{"class":2226},[55,22585,248],{"class":251},[55,22587,9440],{"class":73},[55,22589,14990],{"class":99},[55,22591,22450],{"class":73},[55,22593,22453],{"class":251},[55,22595,9440],{"class":73},[55,22597,13776],{"class":99},[55,22599,312],{"class":69},[55,22601,14990],{"class":99},[55,22603,1680],{"class":69},[55,22605,22450],{"class":73},[55,22607,248],{"class":251},[55,22609,114],{"class":69},[20,22611,6669,22612,22615],{},[15,22613,22614],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22617,22618,22619,44],{},"For a full guide, see ",[36,22620,22622],{"href":22621},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[142,22624,22626],{"id":22625},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22628,22629],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[46,22631,22633],{"className":48,"code":22632,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22634,22635,22692,22696,22716,22720],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22636,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647,22649,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681,22683,22685,22688,22690],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22638,372],{"class":61},[55,22640,66],{"class":65},[55,22642,10652],{"class":69},[55,22644,248],{"class":247},[55,22646,1035],{"class":251},[55,22648,248],{"class":247},[55,22650,153],{"class":69},[55,22652,258],{"class":247},[55,22654,381],{"class":251},[55,22656,248],{"class":247},[55,22658,77],{"class":69},[55,22660,258],{"class":247},[55,22662,1072],{"class":251},[55,22664,248],{"class":247},[55,22666,153],{"class":69},[55,22668,258],{"class":247},[55,22670,449],{"class":251},[55,22672,248],{"class":247},[55,22674,77],{"class":69},[55,22676,258],{"class":247},[55,22678,1107],{"class":251},[55,22680,248],{"class":247},[55,22682,153],{"class":69},[55,22684,258],{"class":247},[55,22686,22687],{"class":251},"purple",[55,22689,248],{"class":247},[55,22691,9471],{"class":69},[55,22693,22694],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,22695,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,22697,22698,22701,22703,22706,22708,22710,22712,22714],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,22699,22700],{"class":61},"pairs_list ",[55,22702,66],{"class":65},[55,22704,22705],{"class":1898}," list",[55,22707,103],{"class":69},[55,22709,434],{"class":99},[55,22711,44],{"class":69},[55,22713,1057],{"class":99},[55,22715,7354],{"class":69},[55,22717,22718],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,22719,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,22721,22722,22724,22726,22729],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,22723,121],{"class":120},[55,22725,103],{"class":69},[55,22727,22728],{"class":99},"pairs_list",[55,22730,114],{"class":69},[20,22732,22733],{},[1966,22734,302],{},[46,22736,22738],{"className":48,"code":22737,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22739,22740],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22741,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22743,21887],{"class":69},[55,22745,315],{"class":247},[55,22747,1035],{"class":251},[55,22749,315],{"class":247},[55,22751,77],{"class":69},[55,22753,324],{"class":247},[55,22755,381],{"class":251},[55,22757,315],{"class":247},[55,22759,9395],{"class":69},[55,22761,9398],{"class":69},[55,22763,315],{"class":247},[55,22765,1072],{"class":251},[55,22767,315],{"class":247},[55,22769,77],{"class":69},[55,22771,324],{"class":247},[55,22773,449],{"class":251},[55,22775,315],{"class":247},[55,22777,9395],{"class":69},[55,22779,9398],{"class":69},[55,22781,315],{"class":247},[55,22783,1107],{"class":251},[55,22785,315],{"class":247},[55,22787,77],{"class":69},[55,22789,324],{"class":247},[55,22791,22687],{"class":251},[55,22793,315],{"class":247},[55,22795,9411],{"class":69},[20,22797,22798],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22800,22801],{},"Use this when:",[155,22803,22804,22807,22810],{},[158,22805,22806],{},"You want clearer printed output",[158,22808,22809],{},"You need list behavior",[158,22811,22812],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[142,22814,22816,982,22818,982,22820],{"id":22815},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22817,17228],{},[15,22819,17215],{},[15,22821,17221],{},[20,22823,22824],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[155,22826,22827,22832,22837],{},[158,22828,22829,22831],{},[15,22830,17228],{}," gives both key and value",[158,22833,22834,22836],{},[15,22835,17215],{}," gives only keys",[158,22838,22839,22841],{},[15,22840,17221],{}," gives only values",[20,22843,230],{},[46,22845,22847],{"className":48,"code":22846,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22848,22849,22885,22889,22907,22925],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22850,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863,22865,22867,22869,22871,22873,22875,22877,22879,22881,22883],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22852,13357],{"class":61},[55,22854,66],{"class":65},[55,22856,10652],{"class":69},[55,22858,248],{"class":247},[55,22860,7829],{"class":251},[55,22862,248],{"class":247},[55,22864,153],{"class":69},[55,22866,258],{"class":247},[55,22868,13036],{"class":251},[55,22870,248],{"class":247},[55,22872,77],{"class":69},[55,22874,258],{"class":247},[55,22876,9461],{"class":251},[55,22878,248],{"class":247},[55,22880,153],{"class":69},[55,22882,9468],{"class":73},[55,22884,9471],{"class":69},[55,22886,22887],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,22888,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,22890,22891,22893,22895,22897,22899,22901,22903,22905],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,22892,121],{"class":120},[55,22894,103],{"class":69},[55,22896,1899],{"class":1898},[55,22898,103],{"class":69},[55,22900,17457],{"class":99},[55,22902,44],{"class":69},[55,22904,17073],{"class":99},[55,22906,6448],{"class":69},[55,22908,22909,22911,22913,22915,22917,22919,22921,22923],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,22910,121],{"class":120},[55,22912,103],{"class":69},[55,22914,1899],{"class":1898},[55,22916,103],{"class":69},[55,22918,17457],{"class":99},[55,22920,44],{"class":69},[55,22922,5519],{"class":99},[55,22924,6448],{"class":69},[55,22926,22927,22929,22931,22933,22935,22937,22939,22941],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,22928,121],{"class":120},[55,22930,103],{"class":69},[55,22932,1899],{"class":1898},[55,22934,103],{"class":69},[55,22936,17457],{"class":99},[55,22938,44],{"class":69},[55,22940,1057],{"class":99},[55,22942,6448],{"class":69},[20,22944,22945],{},[1966,22946,302],{},[46,22948,22950],{"className":48,"code":22949,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22951,22952,22972,22988],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22953,22954,22956,22958,22960,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22955,312],{"class":69},[55,22957,315],{"class":247},[55,22959,7829],{"class":251},[55,22961,315],{"class":247},[55,22963,77],{"class":69},[55,22965,324],{"class":247},[55,22967,9461],{"class":251},[55,22969,315],{"class":247},[55,22971,88],{"class":69},[55,22973,22974,22976,22978,22980,22982,22984,22986],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,22975,312],{"class":69},[55,22977,315],{"class":247},[55,22979,13036],{"class":251},[55,22981,315],{"class":247},[55,22983,77],{"class":69},[55,22985,9468],{"class":73},[55,22987,88],{"class":69},[55,22989,22990,22992,22994,22996,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016,23018,23020],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,22991,21887],{"class":69},[55,22993,315],{"class":247},[55,22995,7829],{"class":251},[55,22997,315],{"class":247},[55,22999,77],{"class":69},[55,23001,324],{"class":247},[55,23003,13036],{"class":251},[55,23005,315],{"class":247},[55,23007,9395],{"class":69},[55,23009,9398],{"class":69},[55,23011,315],{"class":247},[55,23013,9461],{"class":251},[55,23015,315],{"class":247},[55,23017,77],{"class":69},[55,23019,9468],{"class":73},[55,23021,9411],{"class":69},[20,23023,23024],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[155,23026,23027,23035,23043],{},[158,23028,23029,23030],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[36,23031,23033],{"href":23032},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23034,17215],{},[158,23036,23037,23038],{},"Need just values? Use ",[36,23039,23041],{"href":23040},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23042,17221],{},[158,23044,23045,23046],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23047,17228],{},[142,23049,1937,23051],{"id":23050},"when-to-use-items",[15,23052,17228],{},[20,23054,23055,23057],{},[15,23056,17228],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[155,23059,23060,23063,23066,23069,23072],{},[158,23061,23062],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[158,23064,23065],{},"Building formatted output",[158,23067,23068],{},"Looping through settings and values",[158,23070,23071],{},"Showing names with scores",[158,23073,23074],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23076,230],{},[46,23078,23080],{"className":48,"code":23079,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23081,23082,23090,23108,23127,23139,23143,23147,23168],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23083,23084,23086,23088],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23085,13976],{"class":61},[55,23087,66],{"class":65},[55,23089,11652],{"class":69},[55,23091,23092,23094,23096,23098,23100,23102,23104,23106],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,23093,11657],{"class":247},[55,23095,12651],{"class":251},[55,23097,248],{"class":247},[55,23099,153],{"class":69},[55,23101,258],{"class":247},[55,23103,12660],{"class":251},[55,23105,248],{"class":247},[55,23107,11673],{"class":69},[55,23109,23110,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120,23123,23125],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,23111,11657],{"class":247},[55,23113,20270],{"class":251},[55,23115,248],{"class":247},[55,23117,153],{"class":69},[55,23119,258],{"class":247},[55,23121,23122],{"class":251},"English",[55,23124,248],{"class":247},[55,23126,11673],{"class":69},[55,23128,23129,23131,23133,23135,23137],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,23130,11657],{"class":247},[55,23132,18672],{"class":251},[55,23134,248],{"class":247},[55,23136,153],{"class":69},[55,23138,6581],{"class":1312},[55,23140,23141],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,23142,9471],{"class":69},[55,23144,23145],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,23146,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,23148,23149,23151,23154,23156,23158,23160,23162,23164,23166],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,23150,6115],{"class":4040},[55,23152,23153],{"class":61}," setting",[55,23155,77],{"class":69},[55,23157,21731],{"class":61},[55,23159,4047],{"class":4040},[55,23161,14020],{"class":61},[55,23163,44],{"class":69},[55,23165,1057],{"class":99},[55,23167,21742],{"class":69},[55,23169,23170,23172,23174,23176,23178,23180,23183,23185,23188,23190,23192,23194,23196],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,23171,8230],{"class":120},[55,23173,103],{"class":69},[55,23175,22441],{"class":2226},[55,23177,248],{"class":251},[55,23179,9440],{"class":73},[55,23181,23182],{"class":99},"setting",[55,23184,22450],{"class":73},[55,23186,23187],{"class":251}," = ",[55,23189,9440],{"class":73},[55,23191,2633],{"class":99},[55,23193,22450],{"class":73},[55,23195,248],{"class":251},[55,23197,114],{"class":69},[20,23199,23200],{},[1966,23201,302],{},[46,23203,23205],{"className":48,"code":23204,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23206,23207,23217,23227],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23208,23209,23212,23214],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23210,23211],{"class":61},"theme ",[55,23213,66],{"class":65},[55,23215,23216],{"class":61}," dark\n",[55,23218,23219,23222,23224],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,23220,23221],{"class":61},"language ",[55,23223,66],{"class":65},[55,23225,23226],{"class":61}," English\n",[55,23228,23229,23232,23234],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,23230,23231],{"class":61},"notifications ",[55,23233,66],{"class":65},[55,23235,6581],{"class":1312},[142,23237,2992],{"id":2991},[20,23239,23240,23241,44],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23242,17228],{},[577,23244,23246,23247,23249],{"id":23245},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23248,17228],{}," incorrectly",[20,23251,23252,23253,23255,23256,23259],{},"Each result from ",[15,23254,17228],{}," has ",[1966,23257,23258],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23261,6847],{},[46,23263,23264],{"className":48,"code":21677,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,23265,23266,23302,23306,23326],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23267,23268,23270,23272,23274,23276,23278,23280,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292,23294,23296,23298,23300],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23269,13357],{"class":61},[55,23271,66],{"class":65},[55,23273,10652],{"class":69},[55,23275,248],{"class":247},[55,23277,7829],{"class":251},[55,23279,248],{"class":247},[55,23281,153],{"class":69},[55,23283,258],{"class":247},[55,23285,13036],{"class":251},[55,23287,248],{"class":247},[55,23289,77],{"class":69},[55,23291,258],{"class":247},[55,23293,9461],{"class":251},[55,23295,248],{"class":247},[55,23297,153],{"class":69},[55,23299,9468],{"class":73},[55,23301,9471],{"class":69},[55,23303,23304],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,23305,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,23307,23308,23310,23312,23314,23316,23318,23320,23322,23324],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,23309,6115],{"class":4040},[55,23311,21726],{"class":61},[55,23313,77],{"class":69},[55,23315,21731],{"class":61},[55,23317,4047],{"class":4040},[55,23319,13400],{"class":61},[55,23321,44],{"class":69},[55,23323,1057],{"class":99},[55,23325,21742],{"class":69},[55,23327,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,23329,8230],{"class":120},[55,23331,103],{"class":69},[55,23333,14990],{"class":99},[55,23335,77],{"class":69},[55,23337,8594],{"class":99},[55,23339,114],{"class":69},[20,23341,23342],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[46,23344,23346],{"className":48,"code":23345,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23347,23348,23384,23388,23404],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23349,23350,23352,23354,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374,23376,23378,23380,23382],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23351,13357],{"class":61},[55,23353,66],{"class":65},[55,23355,10652],{"class":69},[55,23357,248],{"class":247},[55,23359,7829],{"class":251},[55,23361,248],{"class":247},[55,23363,153],{"class":69},[55,23365,258],{"class":247},[55,23367,13036],{"class":251},[55,23369,248],{"class":247},[55,23371,77],{"class":69},[55,23373,258],{"class":247},[55,23375,9461],{"class":251},[55,23377,248],{"class":247},[55,23379,153],{"class":69},[55,23381,9468],{"class":73},[55,23383,9471],{"class":69},[55,23385,23386],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,23387,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,23389,23390,23392,23394,23396,23398,23400,23402],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,23391,6115],{"class":4040},[55,23393,18356],{"class":61},[55,23395,4047],{"class":4040},[55,23397,13400],{"class":61},[55,23399,44],{"class":69},[55,23401,1057],{"class":99},[55,23403,21742],{"class":69},[55,23405,23406,23408,23410,23412],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,23407,8230],{"class":120},[55,23409,103],{"class":69},[55,23411,14990],{"class":99},[55,23413,114],{"class":69},[20,23415,23416,23417,23419,23420,23423],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23418,14990],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23421,23422],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23425,23426],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[46,23428,23430],{"className":48,"code":23429,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23431,23432,23448],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23433,23434,23436,23438,23440,23442,23444,23446],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23435,6115],{"class":4040},[55,23437,6118],{"class":61},[55,23439,4047],{"class":4040},[55,23441,13400],{"class":61},[55,23443,44],{"class":69},[55,23445,1057],{"class":99},[55,23447,21742],{"class":69},[55,23449,23450,23452,23454,23456],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,23451,8230],{"class":120},[55,23453,103],{"class":69},[55,23455,220],{"class":99},[55,23457,114],{"class":69},[20,23459,23460],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[46,23462,23464],{"className":48,"code":23463,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23465,23466,23486],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23467,23468,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23469,6115],{"class":4040},[55,23471,21726],{"class":61},[55,23473,77],{"class":69},[55,23475,21731],{"class":61},[55,23477,4047],{"class":4040},[55,23479,13400],{"class":61},[55,23481,44],{"class":69},[55,23483,1057],{"class":99},[55,23485,21742],{"class":69},[55,23487,23488,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,23489,8230],{"class":120},[55,23491,103],{"class":69},[55,23493,14990],{"class":99},[55,23495,77],{"class":69},[55,23497,8594],{"class":99},[55,23499,114],{"class":69},[577,23501,1553,23503,23505],{"id":23502},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23504,17228],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23507,23508,22122,23510,23512],{},[15,23509,17228],{},[15,23511,22055],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23514,23515],{},"Check it:",[46,23517,23519],{"className":48,"code":23518,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23520,23521,23553,23557,23571,23589],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23522,23523,23525,23527,23529,23531,23533,23535,23537,23539,23541,23543,23545,23547,23549,23551],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23524,11881],{"class":61},[55,23526,66],{"class":65},[55,23528,10652],{"class":69},[55,23530,248],{"class":247},[55,23532,36],{"class":251},[55,23534,248],{"class":247},[55,23536,153],{"class":69},[55,23538,630],{"class":73},[55,23540,77],{"class":69},[55,23542,258],{"class":247},[55,23544,285],{"class":251},[55,23546,248],{"class":247},[55,23548,153],{"class":69},[55,23550,80],{"class":73},[55,23552,9471],{"class":69},[55,23554,23555],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,23556,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,23558,23559,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,23560,121],{"class":120},[55,23562,103],{"class":69},[55,23564,11608],{"class":99},[55,23566,44],{"class":69},[55,23568,1057],{"class":99},[55,23570,7354],{"class":69},[55,23572,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583,23585,23587],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,23574,121],{"class":120},[55,23576,103],{"class":69},[55,23578,1910],{"class":1898},[55,23580,103],{"class":69},[55,23582,11608],{"class":99},[55,23584,44],{"class":69},[55,23586,1057],{"class":99},[55,23588,6448],{"class":69},[55,23590,23591,23593,23595,23597,23599,23601,23603,23605],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,23592,121],{"class":120},[55,23594,103],{"class":69},[55,23596,1899],{"class":1898},[55,23598,103],{"class":69},[55,23600,11608],{"class":99},[55,23602,44],{"class":69},[55,23604,1057],{"class":99},[55,23606,6448],{"class":69},[20,23608,23609],{},[1966,23610,302],{},[46,23612,23614],{"className":48,"code":23613,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23615,23616,23648,23662],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23617,23618,23620,23622,23624,23626,23628,23630,23632,23634,23636,23638,23640,23642,23644,23646],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23619,22055],{"class":99},[55,23621,9820],{"class":69},[55,23623,315],{"class":247},[55,23625,36],{"class":251},[55,23627,315],{"class":247},[55,23629,77],{"class":69},[55,23631,630],{"class":73},[55,23633,9395],{"class":69},[55,23635,9398],{"class":69},[55,23637,315],{"class":247},[55,23639,285],{"class":251},[55,23641,315],{"class":247},[55,23643,77],{"class":69},[55,23645,80],{"class":73},[55,23647,10839],{"class":69},[55,23649,23650,23652,23654,23656,23658,23660],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,23651,3454],{"class":65},[55,23653,3457],{"class":2226},[55,23655,324],{"class":247},[55,23657,22055],{"class":251},[55,23659,315],{"class":247},[55,23661,3466],{"class":65},[55,23663,23664,23666,23668,23670,23672,23674,23676,23678,23680,23682,23684,23686,23688,23690],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,23665,21887],{"class":69},[55,23667,315],{"class":247},[55,23669,36],{"class":251},[55,23671,315],{"class":247},[55,23673,77],{"class":69},[55,23675,630],{"class":73},[55,23677,9395],{"class":69},[55,23679,9398],{"class":69},[55,23681,315],{"class":247},[55,23683,285],{"class":251},[55,23685,315],{"class":247},[55,23687,77],{"class":69},[55,23689,80],{"class":73},[55,23691,9411],{"class":69},[577,23693,23695,23696],{"id":23694},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23697,17228],{},[20,23699,23700],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23702,23703],{},"Problem example:",[46,23705,23707],{"className":48,"code":23706,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23708,23709,23753,23757,23777,23789],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23710,23711,23713,23715,23717,23719,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729,23731,23733,23735,23737,23739,23741,23743,23745,23747,23749,23751],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23712,62],{"class":61},[55,23714,66],{"class":65},[55,23716,10652],{"class":69},[55,23718,248],{"class":247},[55,23720,36],{"class":251},[55,23722,248],{"class":247},[55,23724,153],{"class":69},[55,23726,630],{"class":73},[55,23728,77],{"class":69},[55,23730,258],{"class":247},[55,23732,285],{"class":251},[55,23734,248],{"class":247},[55,23736,153],{"class":69},[55,23738,80],{"class":73},[55,23740,77],{"class":69},[55,23742,258],{"class":247},[55,23744,261],{"class":251},[55,23746,248],{"class":247},[55,23748,153],{"class":69},[55,23750,111],{"class":73},[55,23752,9471],{"class":69},[55,23754,23755],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,23756,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,23758,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773,23775],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,23760,6115],{"class":4040},[55,23762,21726],{"class":61},[55,23764,77],{"class":69},[55,23766,21731],{"class":61},[55,23768,4047],{"class":4040},[55,23770,1260],{"class":61},[55,23772,44],{"class":69},[55,23774,1057],{"class":99},[55,23776,21742],{"class":69},[55,23778,23779,23781,23783,23785,23787],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,23780,6557],{"class":4040},[55,23782,21731],{"class":61},[55,23784,4849],{"class":65},[55,23786,80],{"class":73},[55,23788,6552],{"class":69},[55,23790,23791,23794,23796,23798,23800,23802,23804,23806],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,23792,23793],{"class":61},"        numbers",[55,23795,312],{"class":69},[55,23797,248],{"class":247},[55,23799,886],{"class":251},[55,23801,248],{"class":247},[55,23803,1680],{"class":69},[55,23805,1683],{"class":65},[55,23807,23808],{"class":73}," 4\n",[20,23810,23811],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23813,23814],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[46,23816,23818],{"className":48,"code":23817,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23819,23820,23864,23868,23893,23905,23923,23927],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23821,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854,23856,23858,23860,23862],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23823,62],{"class":61},[55,23825,66],{"class":65},[55,23827,10652],{"class":69},[55,23829,248],{"class":247},[55,23831,36],{"class":251},[55,23833,248],{"class":247},[55,23835,153],{"class":69},[55,23837,630],{"class":73},[55,23839,77],{"class":69},[55,23841,258],{"class":247},[55,23843,285],{"class":251},[55,23845,248],{"class":247},[55,23847,153],{"class":69},[55,23849,80],{"class":73},[55,23851,77],{"class":69},[55,23853,258],{"class":247},[55,23855,261],{"class":251},[55,23857,248],{"class":247},[55,23859,153],{"class":69},[55,23861,111],{"class":73},[55,23863,9471],{"class":69},[55,23865,23866],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,23867,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,23869,23870,23872,23874,23876,23878,23880,23882,23884,23886,23888,23890],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,23871,6115],{"class":4040},[55,23873,21726],{"class":61},[55,23875,77],{"class":69},[55,23877,21731],{"class":61},[55,23879,4047],{"class":4040},[55,23881,22705],{"class":1898},[55,23883,103],{"class":69},[55,23885,94],{"class":99},[55,23887,44],{"class":69},[55,23889,1057],{"class":99},[55,23891,23892],{"class":69},"()):\n",[55,23894,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,23896,6557],{"class":4040},[55,23898,21731],{"class":61},[55,23900,4849],{"class":65},[55,23902,80],{"class":73},[55,23904,6552],{"class":69},[55,23906,23907,23909,23911,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,23908,23793],{"class":61},[55,23910,312],{"class":69},[55,23912,248],{"class":247},[55,23914,886],{"class":251},[55,23916,248],{"class":247},[55,23918,1680],{"class":69},[55,23920,1683],{"class":65},[55,23922,23808],{"class":73},[55,23924,23925],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,23926,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,23928,23929,23931,23933,23935],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,23930,121],{"class":120},[55,23932,103],{"class":69},[55,23934,94],{"class":99},[55,23936,114],{"class":69},[577,23938,23940],{"id":23939},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23942,23943],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[46,23945,23947],{"className":48,"code":23946,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23948,23949,23981,23985,24001],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23950,23951,23953,23955,23957,23959,23961,23963,23965,23967,23969,23971,23973,23975,23977,23979],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23952,9327],{"class":61},[55,23954,66],{"class":65},[55,23956,10652],{"class":69},[55,23958,248],{"class":247},[55,23960,2336],{"class":251},[55,23962,248],{"class":247},[55,23964,153],{"class":69},[55,23966,6162],{"class":73},[55,23968,77],{"class":69},[55,23970,258],{"class":247},[55,23972,11902],{"class":251},[55,23974,248],{"class":247},[55,23976,153],{"class":69},[55,23978,7951],{"class":73},[55,23980,9471],{"class":69},[55,23982,23983],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,23984,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,23986,23987,23989,23991,23993,23995,23997,23999],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,23988,6115],{"class":4040},[55,23990,6118],{"class":61},[55,23992,4047],{"class":4040},[55,23994,14716],{"class":61},[55,23996,44],{"class":69},[55,23998,1057],{"class":99},[55,24000,21742],{"class":69},[55,24002,24003,24005,24007,24009],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,24004,8230],{"class":120},[55,24006,103],{"class":69},[55,24008,220],{"class":99},[55,24010,114],{"class":69},[20,24012,24013],{},[1966,24014,302],{},[46,24016,24018],{"className":48,"code":24017,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24019,24020,24036],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24021,24022,24024,24026,24028,24030,24032,24034],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24023,103],{"class":69},[55,24025,315],{"class":247},[55,24027,2336],{"class":251},[55,24029,315],{"class":247},[55,24031,77],{"class":69},[55,24033,6162],{"class":73},[55,24035,114],{"class":69},[55,24037,24038,24040,24042,24044,24046,24048,24050],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,24039,103],{"class":69},[55,24041,315],{"class":247},[55,24043,11902],{"class":251},[55,24045,315],{"class":247},[55,24047,77],{"class":69},[55,24049,7951],{"class":73},[55,24051,114],{"class":69},[20,24053,24054,24055,24057],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24056,21802],{}," pair.",[142,24059,1986],{"id":1985},[577,24061,24063,24064,5306],{"id":24062},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24065,17228],{},[20,24067,17572,24068,24070],{},[15,24069,22055],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[577,24072,1990,24074,24076],{"id":24073},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24075,17228],{}," return a list?",[20,24078,24079,24080,24083],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24081,24082],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[577,24085,24087,24088,2027],{"id":24086},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24089,17228],{},[20,24091,24092],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[46,24094,24096],{"className":48,"code":24095,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24097,24098,24118],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24099,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24101,6115],{"class":4040},[55,24103,21726],{"class":61},[55,24105,77],{"class":69},[55,24107,21731],{"class":61},[55,24109,4047],{"class":4040},[55,24111,11923],{"class":61},[55,24113,44],{"class":69},[55,24115,1057],{"class":99},[55,24117,21742],{"class":69},[55,24119,24120,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,24121,8230],{"class":120},[55,24123,103],{"class":69},[55,24125,14990],{"class":99},[55,24127,77],{"class":69},[55,24129,8594],{"class":99},[55,24131,114],{"class":69},[577,24133,1990,24135,24137],{"id":24134},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24136,17228],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24139,24140],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[142,24142,2039],{"id":2038},[155,24144,24145,24151,24157,24162,24166],{},[158,24146,24147],{},[36,24148,10897,24149,43],{"href":23032},[15,24150,17215],{},[158,24152,24153],{},[36,24154,10897,24155,43],{"href":23040},[15,24156,17221],{},[158,24158,24159],{},[36,24160,24161],{"href":22621},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[158,24163,24164],{},[36,24165,9317],{"href":13179},[158,24167,24168],{},[36,24169,24170],{"href":21925},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2080,24172,24173],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":24175},[24176,24177,24179,24180,24181,24183,24184,24186,24188,24197,24207],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":21785,"depth":91,"text":24178},"What items() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":22116,"depth":91,"text":22117},{"id":22342,"depth":91,"text":24182},"Looping with items()",{"id":22625,"depth":91,"text":22626},{"id":22815,"depth":91,"text":24185},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23050,"depth":91,"text":24187},"When to use items()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":24189},[24190,24192,24194,24196],{"id":23245,"depth":117,"text":24191},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23502,"depth":117,"text":24193},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23694,"depth":117,"text":24195},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23939,"depth":117,"text":23940},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":24198},[24199,24201,24203,24205],{"id":24062,"depth":117,"text":24200},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24073,"depth":117,"text":24202},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24086,"depth":117,"text":24204},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24134,"depth":117,"text":24206},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21653,"description":24208},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24215,"title":24216,"body":24217,"description":26306,"extension":2124,"meta":26307,"navigation":428,"path":23032,"seo":26308,"stem":26309,"__hash__":26310},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24218,"toc":26272},[24219,24224,24230,24233,24244,24251,24253,24336,24340,24387,24392,24397,24402,24404,24420,24422,24521,24525,24582,24585,24587,24590,24683,24687,24750,24753,24769,24774,24776,24778,24793,24795,24806,24808,24851,24854,24897,24900,24902,24909,24912,24929,24931,25024,25028,25069,25081,25085,25088,25176,25180,25200,25203,25230,25237,25242,25246,25257,25259,25363,25367,25393,25396,25463,25468,25471,25494,25499,25503,25508,25514,25519,25521,25576,25580,25607,25614,25620,25623,25648,25654,25680,25683,25758,25765,25770,25772,25811,25829,25833,25835,25878,25881,25883,25902,25904,25909,25934,25937,26007,26010,26083,26087,26089,26150,26153,26169,26171,26176,26181,26188,26197,26203,26209,26216,26222,26226,26231,26233,26269],[10,24220,11478,24222,18],{"id":24221},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24223,17215],{},[20,24225,24226,24227,24229],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24228,17215],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24231,24232],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[155,24234,24235,24238,24241],{},[158,24236,24237],{},"view the available keys",[158,24239,24240],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[158,24242,24243],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24245,24246,24248,24249,44],{},[15,24247,17215],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24250,17164],{},[142,24252,2165],{"id":2164},[46,24254,24256],{"className":48,"code":24255,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24257,24258,24294,24308,24312,24322],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24259,24260,24262,24264,24266,24268,24270,24272,24274,24276,24278,24280,24282,24284,24286,24288,24290,24292],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24261,13019],{"class":61},[55,24263,66],{"class":65},[55,24265,10652],{"class":69},[55,24267,248],{"class":247},[55,24269,7829],{"class":251},[55,24271,248],{"class":247},[55,24273,153],{"class":69},[55,24275,258],{"class":247},[55,24277,13036],{"class":251},[55,24279,248],{"class":247},[55,24281,77],{"class":69},[55,24283,258],{"class":247},[55,24285,9461],{"class":251},[55,24287,248],{"class":247},[55,24289,153],{"class":69},[55,24291,7951],{"class":73},[55,24293,9471],{"class":69},[55,24295,24296,24298,24300,24302,24304,24306],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,24297,17392],{"class":61},[55,24299,66],{"class":65},[55,24301,13062],{"class":61},[55,24303,44],{"class":69},[55,24305,17073],{"class":99},[55,24307,8804],{"class":69},[55,24309,24310],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,24311,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,24313,24314,24316,24318,24320],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,24315,121],{"class":120},[55,24317,103],{"class":69},[55,24319,17073],{"class":99},[55,24321,114],{"class":69},[55,24323,24324,24326,24328,24330,24332,24334],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,24325,121],{"class":120},[55,24327,103],{"class":69},[55,24329,1899],{"class":1898},[55,24331,103],{"class":69},[55,24333,17073],{"class":99},[55,24335,1867],{"class":69},[20,24337,24338],{},[1966,24339,302],{},[46,24341,24343],{"className":48,"code":24342,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24344,24345,24367],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24346,24347,24349,24351,24353,24355,24357,24359,24361,24363,24365],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24348,17164],{"class":99},[55,24350,3149],{"class":69},[55,24352,315],{"class":247},[55,24354,7829],{"class":251},[55,24356,315],{"class":247},[55,24358,77],{"class":69},[55,24360,324],{"class":247},[55,24362,9461],{"class":251},[55,24364,315],{"class":247},[55,24366,1777],{"class":69},[55,24368,24369,24371,24373,24375,24377,24379,24381,24383,24385],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,24370,312],{"class":69},[55,24372,315],{"class":247},[55,24374,7829],{"class":251},[55,24376,315],{"class":247},[55,24378,77],{"class":69},[55,24380,324],{"class":247},[55,24382,9461],{"class":251},[55,24384,315],{"class":247},[55,24386,88],{"class":69},[20,24388,31,24389,24391],{},[15,24390,17215],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[142,24393,145,24395,148],{"id":24394},"what-keys-does",[15,24396,17215],{},[20,24398,24399,24401],{},[15,24400,17215],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24403,11617],{},[155,24405,24406,24409,24412,24417],{},[158,24407,24408],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[158,24410,24411],{},"It does not need any arguments",[158,24413,17572,24414,24416],{},[15,24415,17164],{}," view object, not a list",[158,24418,24419],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24421,230],{},[46,24423,24425],{"className":48,"code":24424,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24426,24427,24463,24467,24481,24485,24507],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24428,24429,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441,24443,24445,24447,24449,24451,24453,24455,24457,24459,24461],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24430,13357],{"class":61},[55,24432,66],{"class":65},[55,24434,10652],{"class":69},[55,24436,248],{"class":247},[55,24438,7829],{"class":251},[55,24440,248],{"class":247},[55,24442,153],{"class":69},[55,24444,258],{"class":247},[55,24446,13374],{"class":251},[55,24448,248],{"class":247},[55,24450,77],{"class":69},[55,24452,258],{"class":247},[55,24454,9461],{"class":251},[55,24456,248],{"class":247},[55,24458,153],{"class":69},[55,24460,9468],{"class":73},[55,24462,9471],{"class":69},[55,24464,24465],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,24466,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,24468,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477,24479],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,24470,121],{"class":120},[55,24472,103],{"class":69},[55,24474,17457],{"class":99},[55,24476,44],{"class":69},[55,24478,17073],{"class":99},[55,24480,7354],{"class":69},[55,24482,24483],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,24484,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,24486,24487,24489,24491,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,24488,17457],{"class":61},[55,24490,312],{"class":69},[55,24492,248],{"class":247},[55,24494,10570],{"class":251},[55,24496,248],{"class":247},[55,24498,1680],{"class":69},[55,24500,1683],{"class":65},[55,24502,258],{"class":247},[55,24504,10577],{"class":251},[55,24506,3522],{"class":247},[55,24508,24509,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,24510,121],{"class":120},[55,24512,103],{"class":69},[55,24514,17457],{"class":99},[55,24516,44],{"class":69},[55,24518,17073],{"class":99},[55,24520,7354],{"class":69},[20,24522,24523],{},[1966,24524,302],{},[46,24526,24528],{"className":48,"code":24527,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24529,24530,24552],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24531,24532,24534,24536,24538,24540,24542,24544,24546,24548,24550],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24533,17164],{"class":99},[55,24535,3149],{"class":69},[55,24537,315],{"class":247},[55,24539,7829],{"class":251},[55,24541,315],{"class":247},[55,24543,77],{"class":69},[55,24545,324],{"class":247},[55,24547,9461],{"class":251},[55,24549,315],{"class":247},[55,24551,1777],{"class":69},[55,24553,24554,24556,24558,24560,24562,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572,24574,24576,24578,24580],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,24555,17164],{"class":99},[55,24557,3149],{"class":69},[55,24559,315],{"class":247},[55,24561,7829],{"class":251},[55,24563,315],{"class":247},[55,24565,77],{"class":69},[55,24567,324],{"class":247},[55,24569,9461],{"class":251},[55,24571,315],{"class":247},[55,24573,77],{"class":69},[55,24575,324],{"class":247},[55,24577,10570],{"class":251},[55,24579,315],{"class":247},[55,24581,1777],{"class":69},[20,24583,24584],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[142,24586,359],{"id":358},[20,24588,24589],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[46,24591,24593],{"className":48,"code":24592,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24594,24595,24647,24651,24665],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24596,24597,24599,24601,24603,24605,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625,24627,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639,24641,24643,24645],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24598,9327],{"class":61},[55,24600,66],{"class":65},[55,24602,10652],{"class":69},[55,24604,248],{"class":247},[55,24606,7829],{"class":251},[55,24608,248],{"class":247},[55,24610,153],{"class":69},[55,24612,258],{"class":247},[55,24614,13036],{"class":251},[55,24616,248],{"class":247},[55,24618,77],{"class":69},[55,24620,258],{"class":247},[55,24622,9461],{"class":251},[55,24624,248],{"class":247},[55,24626,153],{"class":69},[55,24628,7951],{"class":73},[55,24630,77],{"class":69},[55,24632,258],{"class":247},[55,24634,20038],{"class":251},[55,24636,248],{"class":247},[55,24638,153],{"class":69},[55,24640,258],{"class":247},[55,24642,22392],{"class":251},[55,24644,248],{"class":247},[55,24646,9471],{"class":69},[55,24648,24649],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,24650,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,24652,24653,24655,24657,24659,24661,24663],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,24654,121],{"class":120},[55,24656,103],{"class":69},[55,24658,9366],{"class":99},[55,24660,44],{"class":69},[55,24662,17073],{"class":99},[55,24664,7354],{"class":69},[55,24666,24667,24669,24671,24673,24675,24677,24679,24681],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,24668,121],{"class":120},[55,24670,103],{"class":69},[55,24672,1899],{"class":1898},[55,24674,103],{"class":69},[55,24676,9366],{"class":99},[55,24678,44],{"class":69},[55,24680,17073],{"class":99},[55,24682,6448],{"class":69},[20,24684,24685],{},[1966,24686,302],{},[46,24688,24690],{"className":48,"code":24689,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24691,24692,24722],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24693,24694,24696,24698,24700,24702,24704,24706,24708,24710,24712,24714,24716,24718,24720],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24695,17164],{"class":99},[55,24697,3149],{"class":69},[55,24699,315],{"class":247},[55,24701,7829],{"class":251},[55,24703,315],{"class":247},[55,24705,77],{"class":69},[55,24707,324],{"class":247},[55,24709,9461],{"class":251},[55,24711,315],{"class":247},[55,24713,77],{"class":69},[55,24715,324],{"class":247},[55,24717,20038],{"class":251},[55,24719,315],{"class":247},[55,24721,1777],{"class":69},[55,24723,24724,24726,24728,24730,24732,24734,24736,24738,24740,24742,24744,24746,24748],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,24725,312],{"class":69},[55,24727,315],{"class":247},[55,24729,7829],{"class":251},[55,24731,315],{"class":247},[55,24733,77],{"class":69},[55,24735,324],{"class":247},[55,24737,9461],{"class":251},[55,24739,315],{"class":247},[55,24741,77],{"class":69},[55,24743,324],{"class":247},[55,24745,20038],{"class":251},[55,24747,315],{"class":247},[55,24749,88],{"class":69},[20,24751,24752],{},"This shows two things:",[155,24754,24755,24763],{},[158,24756,24757,22122,24760,24762],{},[15,24758,24759],{},"data.keys()",[15,24761,17164],{}," object",[158,24764,24765,24768],{},[15,24766,24767],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24770,9313,24771,44],{},[36,24772,24773],{"href":9553},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[142,24775,182],{"id":181},[20,24777,2322],{},[46,24779,24781],{"className":48,"code":24780,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24782,24783],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24784,24785,24787,24789,24791],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24786,11608],{"class":61},[55,24788,44],{"class":69},[55,24790,17073],{"class":99},[55,24792,8804],{"class":69},[20,24794,21947],{},[155,24796,24797,24800,24803],{},[158,24798,24799],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[158,24801,24802],{},"It takes no parameters",[158,24804,24805],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24807,16805],{},[46,24809,24811],{"className":48,"code":24810,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24812,24813,24837],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24814,24815,24817,24819,24821,24823,24825,24827,24829,24831,24833,24835],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24816,13019],{"class":61},[55,24818,66],{"class":65},[55,24820,10652],{"class":69},[55,24822,248],{"class":247},[55,24824,7829],{"class":251},[55,24826,248],{"class":247},[55,24828,153],{"class":69},[55,24830,258],{"class":247},[55,24832,13036],{"class":251},[55,24834,248],{"class":247},[55,24836,9471],{"class":69},[55,24838,24839,24841,24843,24845,24847,24849],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,24840,121],{"class":120},[55,24842,103],{"class":69},[55,24844,13776],{"class":99},[55,24846,44],{"class":69},[55,24848,17073],{"class":99},[55,24850,7354],{"class":69},[20,24852,24853],{},"Incorrect:",[46,24855,24857],{"className":48,"code":24856,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24858,24859,24883],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24860,24861,24863,24865,24867,24869,24871,24873,24875,24877,24879,24881],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24862,13019],{"class":61},[55,24864,66],{"class":65},[55,24866,10652],{"class":69},[55,24868,248],{"class":247},[55,24870,7829],{"class":251},[55,24872,248],{"class":247},[55,24874,153],{"class":69},[55,24876,258],{"class":247},[55,24878,13036],{"class":251},[55,24880,248],{"class":247},[55,24882,9471],{"class":69},[55,24884,24885,24887,24889,24891,24893,24895],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,24886,121],{"class":120},[55,24888,103],{"class":69},[55,24890,13776],{"class":99},[55,24892,44],{"class":69},[55,24894,17073],{"class":1880},[55,24896,114],{"class":69},[20,24898,24899],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[142,24901,17569],{"id":17568},[20,24903,24904,22122,24906,24908],{},[15,24905,17215],{},[15,24907,17164],{}," object.",[20,24910,24911],{},"This object:",[155,24913,24914,24917,24920,24926],{},[158,24915,24916],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[158,24918,24919],{},"can be used in a loop",[158,24921,24922,24923],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24924,24925],{},"list()",[158,24927,24928],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24930,230],{},[46,24932,24934],{"className":48,"code":24933,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24935,24936,24977,24981,24996,25000,25010],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24937,24938,24941,24943,24945,24947,24950,24952,24954,24956,24959,24961,24963,24965,24968,24970,24972,24975],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24939,24940],{"class":61},"car ",[55,24942,66],{"class":65},[55,24944,10652],{"class":69},[55,24946,248],{"class":247},[55,24948,24949],{"class":251},"brand",[55,24951,248],{"class":247},[55,24953,153],{"class":69},[55,24955,258],{"class":247},[55,24957,24958],{"class":251},"Toyota",[55,24960,248],{"class":247},[55,24962,77],{"class":69},[55,24964,258],{"class":247},[55,24966,24967],{"class":251},"year",[55,24969,248],{"class":247},[55,24971,153],{"class":69},[55,24973,24974],{"class":73}," 2020",[55,24976,9471],{"class":69},[55,24978,24979],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,24980,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,24982,24983,24985,24987,24990,24992,24994],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,24984,1255],{"class":61},[55,24986,66],{"class":65},[55,24988,24989],{"class":61}," car",[55,24991,44],{"class":69},[55,24993,17073],{"class":99},[55,24995,8804],{"class":69},[55,24997,24998],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,24999,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,25001,25002,25004,25006,25008],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,25003,121],{"class":120},[55,25005,103],{"class":69},[55,25007,1288],{"class":99},[55,25009,114],{"class":69},[55,25011,25012,25014,25016,25018,25020,25022],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,25013,121],{"class":120},[55,25015,103],{"class":69},[55,25017,1910],{"class":1898},[55,25019,103],{"class":69},[55,25021,1288],{"class":99},[55,25023,1867],{"class":69},[20,25025,25026],{},[1966,25027,302],{},[46,25029,25031],{"className":48,"code":25030,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25032,25033,25055],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25034,25035,25037,25039,25041,25043,25045,25047,25049,25051,25053],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25036,17164],{"class":99},[55,25038,3149],{"class":69},[55,25040,315],{"class":247},[55,25042,24949],{"class":251},[55,25044,315],{"class":247},[55,25046,77],{"class":69},[55,25048,324],{"class":247},[55,25050,24967],{"class":251},[55,25052,315],{"class":247},[55,25054,1777],{"class":69},[55,25056,25057,25059,25061,25063,25065,25067],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,25058,3454],{"class":65},[55,25060,3457],{"class":2226},[55,25062,324],{"class":247},[55,25064,17164],{"class":251},[55,25066,315],{"class":247},[55,25068,3466],{"class":65},[20,25070,25071,25072,25076,25077,44],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[36,25073,10897,25074,43],{"href":17218},[15,25075,17221],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[36,25078,10897,25079,43],{"href":17225},[15,25080,17228],{},[142,25082,25084],{"id":25083},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25086,25087],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[46,25089,25091],{"className":48,"code":25090,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25092,25093,25146,25150,25166],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25094,25095,25097,25099,25101,25103,25105,25107,25109,25111,25113,25115,25117,25119,25121,25123,25125,25127,25129,25131,25133,25135,25137,25139,25142,25144],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25096,13019],{"class":61},[55,25098,66],{"class":65},[55,25100,10652],{"class":69},[55,25102,248],{"class":247},[55,25104,7829],{"class":251},[55,25106,248],{"class":247},[55,25108,153],{"class":69},[55,25110,258],{"class":247},[55,25112,13036],{"class":251},[55,25114,248],{"class":247},[55,25116,77],{"class":69},[55,25118,258],{"class":247},[55,25120,9461],{"class":251},[55,25122,248],{"class":247},[55,25124,153],{"class":69},[55,25126,7951],{"class":73},[55,25128,77],{"class":69},[55,25130,258],{"class":247},[55,25132,15478],{"class":251},[55,25134,248],{"class":247},[55,25136,153],{"class":69},[55,25138,258],{"class":247},[55,25140,25141],{"class":251},"Math",[55,25143,248],{"class":247},[55,25145,9471],{"class":69},[55,25147,25148],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,25149,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,25151,25152,25154,25156,25158,25160,25162,25164],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,25153,6115],{"class":4040},[55,25155,18356],{"class":61},[55,25157,4047],{"class":4040},[55,25159,13062],{"class":61},[55,25161,44],{"class":69},[55,25163,17073],{"class":99},[55,25165,21742],{"class":69},[55,25167,25168,25170,25172,25174],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,25169,8230],{"class":120},[55,25171,103],{"class":69},[55,25173,14990],{"class":99},[55,25175,114],{"class":69},[20,25177,25178],{},[1966,25179,302],{},[46,25181,25183],{"className":48,"code":25182,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25184,25185,25190,25195],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25186,25187],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25188,25189],{"class":61},"name\n",[55,25191,25192],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,25193,25194],{"class":61},"age\n",[55,25196,25197],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,25198,25199],{"class":61},"course\n",[20,25201,25202],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[46,25204,25206],{"className":48,"code":25205,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25207,25208,25220],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25209,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25211,6115],{"class":4040},[55,25213,18356],{"class":61},[55,25215,4047],{"class":4040},[55,25217,13062],{"class":61},[55,25219,6552],{"class":69},[55,25221,25222,25224,25226,25228],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,25223,8230],{"class":120},[55,25225,103],{"class":69},[55,25227,14990],{"class":99},[55,25229,114],{"class":69},[20,25231,25232,25233,25236],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25234,25235],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[142,25238,1937,25240],{"id":25239},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25241,17215],{},[20,25243,31,25244,993],{},[15,25245,17215],{},[155,25247,25248,25251,25254],{},[158,25249,25250],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[158,25252,25253],{},"you want to display available fields",[158,25255,25256],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25258,230],{},[46,25260,25262],{"className":48,"code":25261,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25263,25264,25317,25321,25336,25353],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25265,25266,25269,25271,25273,25275,25277,25279,25281,25283,25286,25288,25290,25292,25295,25297,25299,25302,25304,25306,25309,25311,25313,25315],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25267,25268],{"class":61},"product ",[55,25270,66],{"class":65},[55,25272,10652],{"class":69},[55,25274,248],{"class":247},[55,25276,7829],{"class":251},[55,25278,248],{"class":247},[55,25280,153],{"class":69},[55,25282,258],{"class":247},[55,25284,25285],{"class":251},"Book",[55,25287,248],{"class":247},[55,25289,77],{"class":69},[55,25291,258],{"class":247},[55,25293,25294],{"class":251},"price",[55,25296,248],{"class":247},[55,25298,153],{"class":69},[55,25300,25301],{"class":73}," 12.99",[55,25303,77],{"class":69},[55,25305,258],{"class":247},[55,25307,25308],{"class":251},"stock",[55,25310,248],{"class":247},[55,25312,153],{"class":69},[55,25314,4766],{"class":73},[55,25316,9471],{"class":69},[55,25318,25319],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,25320,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,25322,25323,25325,25327,25329,25332,25334],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,25324,121],{"class":120},[55,25326,103],{"class":69},[55,25328,248],{"class":247},[55,25330,25331],{"class":251},"Available fields:",[55,25333,248],{"class":247},[55,25335,114],{"class":69},[55,25337,25338,25340,25342,25344,25347,25349,25351],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,25339,6115],{"class":4040},[55,25341,18356],{"class":61},[55,25343,4047],{"class":4040},[55,25345,25346],{"class":61}," product",[55,25348,44],{"class":69},[55,25350,17073],{"class":99},[55,25352,21742],{"class":69},[55,25354,25355,25357,25359,25361],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,25356,8230],{"class":120},[55,25358,103],{"class":69},[55,25360,14990],{"class":99},[55,25362,114],{"class":69},[20,25364,25365],{},[1966,25366,302],{},[46,25368,25370],{"className":48,"code":25369,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25371,25372,25379,25383,25388],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25373,25374,25377],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25375,25376],{"class":61},"Available fields",[55,25378,6552],{"class":69},[55,25380,25381],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,25382,25189],{"class":61},[55,25384,25385],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,25386,25387],{"class":61},"price\n",[55,25389,25390],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,25391,25392],{"class":61},"stock\n",[20,25394,25395],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[46,25397,25399],{"className":48,"code":25398,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25400,25401,25437,25441],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25402,25403,25405,25407,25409,25411,25413,25415,25417,25419,25421,25423,25425,25427,25429,25431,25433,25435],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25404,25268],{"class":61},[55,25406,66],{"class":65},[55,25408,10652],{"class":69},[55,25410,248],{"class":247},[55,25412,7829],{"class":251},[55,25414,248],{"class":247},[55,25416,153],{"class":69},[55,25418,258],{"class":247},[55,25420,25285],{"class":251},[55,25422,248],{"class":247},[55,25424,77],{"class":69},[55,25426,258],{"class":247},[55,25428,25294],{"class":251},[55,25430,248],{"class":247},[55,25432,153],{"class":69},[55,25434,25301],{"class":73},[55,25436,9471],{"class":69},[55,25438,25439],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,25440,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,25442,25443,25445,25447,25449,25451,25453,25455,25457,25459,25461],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,25444,121],{"class":120},[55,25446,103],{"class":69},[55,25448,248],{"class":247},[55,25450,7829],{"class":251},[55,25452,248],{"class":247},[55,25454,21320],{"class":4040},[55,25456,25346],{"class":99},[55,25458,44],{"class":69},[55,25460,17073],{"class":99},[55,25462,7354],{"class":69},[20,25464,25465,25466,44],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25467,3769],{},[20,25469,25470],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[46,25472,25474],{"className":48,"code":25473,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25475,25476],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25477,25478,25480,25482,25484,25486,25488,25490,25492],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25479,121],{"class":120},[55,25481,103],{"class":69},[55,25483,248],{"class":247},[55,25485,7829],{"class":251},[55,25487,248],{"class":247},[55,25489,21320],{"class":4040},[55,25491,25346],{"class":99},[55,25493,114],{"class":69},[20,25495,25496,25497,44],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[36,25498,21353],{"href":17303},[142,25500,25502],{"id":25501},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25504,25505,25506,44],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25507,17215],{},[577,25509,1553,25511,25513],{"id":25510},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25512,17215],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25515,25516,25518],{},[15,25517,17215],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25520,230],{},[46,25522,25524],{"className":48,"code":25523,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25525,25526,25562],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25527,25528,25530,25532,25534,25536,25538,25540,25542,25544,25546,25548,25550,25552,25554,25556,25558,25560],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25529,9327],{"class":61},[55,25531,66],{"class":65},[55,25533,10652],{"class":69},[55,25535,248],{"class":247},[55,25537,7829],{"class":251},[55,25539,248],{"class":247},[55,25541,153],{"class":69},[55,25543,258],{"class":247},[55,25545,13036],{"class":251},[55,25547,248],{"class":247},[55,25549,77],{"class":69},[55,25551,258],{"class":247},[55,25553,9461],{"class":251},[55,25555,248],{"class":247},[55,25557,153],{"class":69},[55,25559,7951],{"class":73},[55,25561,9471],{"class":69},[55,25563,25564,25566,25568,25570,25572,25574],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,25565,121],{"class":120},[55,25567,103],{"class":69},[55,25569,9366],{"class":99},[55,25571,44],{"class":69},[55,25573,17073],{"class":99},[55,25575,7354],{"class":69},[20,25577,25578],{},[1966,25579,302],{},[46,25581,25583],{"className":48,"code":25582,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25584,25585],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25586,25587,25589,25591,25593,25595,25597,25599,25601,25603,25605],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25588,17164],{"class":99},[55,25590,3149],{"class":69},[55,25592,315],{"class":247},[55,25594,7829],{"class":251},[55,25596,315],{"class":247},[55,25598,77],{"class":69},[55,25600,324],{"class":247},[55,25602,9461],{"class":251},[55,25604,315],{"class":247},[55,25606,1777],{"class":69},[20,25608,25609,25610,44],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[36,25611,25612],{"href":17225},[15,25613,17228],{},[577,25615,25617,25618],{"id":25616},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25619,17164],{},[20,25621,25622],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[46,25624,25626],{"className":48,"code":25625,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25627,25628],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25629,25630,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642,25644,25646],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25631,312],{"class":69},[55,25633,315],{"class":247},[55,25635,7829],{"class":251},[55,25637,315],{"class":247},[55,25639,77],{"class":69},[55,25641,324],{"class":247},[55,25643,9461],{"class":251},[55,25645,315],{"class":247},[55,25647,88],{"class":69},[20,25649,25650,25651,25653],{},"But ",[15,25652,17215],{}," returns:",[46,25655,25656],{"className":48,"code":25582,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,25657,25658],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25659,25660,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670,25672,25674,25676,25678],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25661,17164],{"class":99},[55,25663,3149],{"class":69},[55,25665,315],{"class":247},[55,25667,7829],{"class":251},[55,25669,315],{"class":247},[55,25671,77],{"class":69},[55,25673,324],{"class":247},[55,25675,9461],{"class":251},[55,25677,315],{"class":247},[55,25679,1777],{"class":69},[20,25681,25682],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[46,25684,25686],{"className":48,"code":25685,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25687,25688,25724,25743,25747],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25689,25690,25692,25694,25696,25698,25700,25702,25704,25706,25708,25710,25712,25714,25716,25718,25720,25722],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25691,9327],{"class":61},[55,25693,66],{"class":65},[55,25695,10652],{"class":69},[55,25697,248],{"class":247},[55,25699,7829],{"class":251},[55,25701,248],{"class":247},[55,25703,153],{"class":69},[55,25705,258],{"class":247},[55,25707,13036],{"class":251},[55,25709,248],{"class":247},[55,25711,77],{"class":69},[55,25713,258],{"class":247},[55,25715,9461],{"class":251},[55,25717,248],{"class":247},[55,25719,153],{"class":69},[55,25721,7951],{"class":73},[55,25723,9471],{"class":69},[55,25725,25726,25729,25731,25733,25735,25737,25739,25741],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,25727,25728],{"class":61},"key_list ",[55,25730,66],{"class":65},[55,25732,22705],{"class":1898},[55,25734,103],{"class":69},[55,25736,9366],{"class":99},[55,25738,44],{"class":69},[55,25740,17073],{"class":99},[55,25742,7354],{"class":69},[55,25744,25745],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,25746,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,25748,25749,25751,25753,25756],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,25750,121],{"class":120},[55,25752,103],{"class":69},[55,25754,25755],{"class":99},"key_list",[55,25757,114],{"class":69},[577,25759,25761,25762,25764],{"id":25760},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25763,17215],{}," on a list or string",[20,25766,25767,25769],{},[15,25768,17215],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25771,2999],{},[46,25773,25775],{"className":48,"code":25774,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25776,25777,25797],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25778,25779,25781,25783,25785,25787,25789,25791,25793,25795],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25780,62],{"class":61},[55,25782,66],{"class":65},[55,25784,70],{"class":69},[55,25786,74],{"class":73},[55,25788,77],{"class":69},[55,25790,80],{"class":73},[55,25792,77],{"class":69},[55,25794,111],{"class":73},[55,25796,88],{"class":69},[55,25798,25799,25801,25803,25805,25807,25809],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,25800,121],{"class":120},[55,25802,103],{"class":69},[55,25804,94],{"class":99},[55,25806,44],{"class":69},[55,25808,17073],{"class":99},[55,25810,7354],{"class":69},[20,25812,25813,25814,25817,25818,25820,25821,44],{},"You may get an ",[15,25815,25816],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25819,17215],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[36,25822,25824,25825,25828],{"href":25823},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25826,25827],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[577,25830,25832],{"id":25831},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25834,1225],{},[46,25836,25838],{"className":48,"code":25837,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25839,25840,25864],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25841,25842,25844,25846,25848,25850,25852,25854,25856,25858,25860,25862],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25843,9327],{"class":61},[55,25845,66],{"class":65},[55,25847,10652],{"class":69},[55,25849,248],{"class":247},[55,25851,7829],{"class":251},[55,25853,248],{"class":247},[55,25855,153],{"class":69},[55,25857,258],{"class":247},[55,25859,13036],{"class":251},[55,25861,248],{"class":247},[55,25863,9471],{"class":69},[55,25865,25866,25868,25870,25872,25874,25876],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,25867,121],{"class":120},[55,25869,103],{"class":69},[55,25871,9366],{"class":99},[55,25873,44],{"class":69},[55,25875,17073],{"class":1880},[55,25877,114],{"class":69},[20,25879,25880],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25882,18842],{},[46,25884,25886],{"className":48,"code":25885,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25887,25888],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25889,25890,25892,25894,25896,25898,25900],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25891,121],{"class":120},[55,25893,103],{"class":69},[55,25895,9366],{"class":99},[55,25897,44],{"class":69},[55,25899,17073],{"class":99},[55,25901,7354],{"class":69},[142,25903,2992],{"id":2991},[20,25905,25906,25907,153],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25908,17215],{},[155,25910,25911,25916,25922,25928],{},[158,25912,8578,25913,25915],{},[15,25914,17215],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[158,25917,25918,25919,25921],{},"Thinking ",[15,25920,17215],{}," returns values too",[158,25923,25924,25925,25927],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25926,17164],{}," like a normal list",[158,25929,25930,25931,25933],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25932,17164],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25935,25936],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[46,25938,25940],{"className":48,"code":25939,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25941,25942,25974,25988,25992,26002],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25943,25944,25946,25948,25950,25952,25954,25956,25958,25960,25962,25964,25966,25968,25970,25972],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25945,9327],{"class":61},[55,25947,66],{"class":65},[55,25949,10652],{"class":69},[55,25951,248],{"class":247},[55,25953,36],{"class":251},[55,25955,248],{"class":247},[55,25957,153],{"class":69},[55,25959,630],{"class":73},[55,25961,77],{"class":69},[55,25963,258],{"class":247},[55,25965,285],{"class":251},[55,25967,248],{"class":247},[55,25969,153],{"class":69},[55,25971,80],{"class":73},[55,25973,9471],{"class":69},[55,25975,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,25977,17392],{"class":61},[55,25979,66],{"class":65},[55,25981,14716],{"class":61},[55,25983,44],{"class":69},[55,25985,17073],{"class":99},[55,25987,8804],{"class":69},[55,25989,25990],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,25991,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,25993,25994,25996,25998,26000],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,25995,121],{"class":120},[55,25997,103],{"class":69},[55,25999,17073],{"class":99},[55,26001,114],{"class":69},[55,26003,26004],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,26005,26006],{"class":133},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26008,26009],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[46,26011,26013],{"className":48,"code":26012,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26014,26015,26047,26065,26069],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26016,26017,26019,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26031,26033,26035,26037,26039,26041,26043,26045],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26018,9327],{"class":61},[55,26020,66],{"class":65},[55,26022,10652],{"class":69},[55,26024,248],{"class":247},[55,26026,36],{"class":251},[55,26028,248],{"class":247},[55,26030,153],{"class":69},[55,26032,630],{"class":73},[55,26034,77],{"class":69},[55,26036,258],{"class":247},[55,26038,285],{"class":251},[55,26040,248],{"class":247},[55,26042,153],{"class":69},[55,26044,80],{"class":73},[55,26046,9471],{"class":69},[55,26048,26049,26051,26053,26055,26057,26059,26061,26063],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,26050,17392],{"class":61},[55,26052,66],{"class":65},[55,26054,22705],{"class":1898},[55,26056,103],{"class":69},[55,26058,9366],{"class":99},[55,26060,44],{"class":69},[55,26062,17073],{"class":99},[55,26064,7354],{"class":69},[55,26066,26067],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,26068,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,26070,26071,26073,26075,26077,26079,26081],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,26072,121],{"class":120},[55,26074,103],{"class":69},[55,26076,17073],{"class":99},[55,26078,312],{"class":69},[55,26080,227],{"class":73},[55,26082,1777],{"class":69},[142,26084,26086],{"id":26085},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26088,11273],{},[46,26090,26092],{"className":48,"code":26091,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26093,26094,26108,26118,26132],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26095,26096,26098,26100,26102,26104,26106],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26097,121],{"class":120},[55,26099,103],{"class":69},[55,26101,1910],{"class":1898},[55,26103,103],{"class":69},[55,26105,11608],{"class":99},[55,26107,1867],{"class":69},[55,26109,26110,26112,26114,26116],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,26111,121],{"class":120},[55,26113,103],{"class":69},[55,26115,11608],{"class":99},[55,26117,114],{"class":69},[55,26119,26120,26122,26124,26126,26128,26130],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,26121,121],{"class":120},[55,26123,103],{"class":69},[55,26125,11608],{"class":99},[55,26127,44],{"class":69},[55,26129,17073],{"class":99},[55,26131,7354],{"class":69},[55,26133,26134,26136,26138,26140,26142,26144,26146,26148],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,26135,121],{"class":120},[55,26137,103],{"class":69},[55,26139,1899],{"class":1898},[55,26141,103],{"class":69},[55,26143,11608],{"class":99},[55,26145,44],{"class":69},[55,26147,17073],{"class":99},[55,26149,6448],{"class":69},[20,26151,26152],{},"These help you confirm:",[155,26154,26155,26158,26161,26166],{},[158,26156,26157],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[158,26159,26160],{},"what data it contains",[158,26162,26163,26164,11862],{},"what ",[15,26165,17215],{},[158,26167,26168],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[142,26170,1986],{"id":1985},[577,26172,24063,26174,5306],{"id":26173},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26175,17215],{},[20,26177,17572,26178,26180],{},[15,26179,17164],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[577,26182,15052,26184,26187],{"id":26183},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26185,26186],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26189,26190,26191,26193,26194,44],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26192,17164],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26195,26196],{},"list(dict.keys())",[577,26198,26200,26201,2027],{"id":26199},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26202,26186],{},[20,26204,26205,26206,26208],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26207,6115],{}," loop.",[577,26210,26212,26213,26215],{"id":26211},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26214,17215],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26217,26218,26219,26221],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26220,17215],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[577,26223,26225],{"id":26224},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26227,31,26228,44],{},[15,26229,26230],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[142,26232,2039],{"id":2038},[155,26234,26235,26240,26246,26252,26258,26262],{},[158,26236,26237],{},[36,26238,26239],{"href":9553},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[158,26241,26242],{},[36,26243,10897,26244,43],{"href":17218},[15,26245,17221],{},[158,26247,26248],{},[36,26249,10897,26250,43],{"href":17225},[15,26251,17228],{},[158,26253,26254],{},[36,26255,26257],{"href":26256},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[158,26259,26260],{},[36,26261,17304],{"href":17303},[158,26263,26264],{},[36,26265,26266,26267,25828],{"href":25823},"How to fix ",[15,26268,25827],{},[2080,26270,26271],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":26273},[26274,26275,26277,26278,26279,26280,26281,26283,26292,26293,26294,26305],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":24394,"depth":91,"text":26276},"What keys() does",{"id":358,"depth":91,"text":359},{"id":181,"depth":91,"text":182},{"id":17568,"depth":91,"text":17569},{"id":25083,"depth":91,"text":25084},{"id":25239,"depth":91,"text":26282},"When to use keys()",{"id":25501,"depth":91,"text":25502,"children":26284},[26285,26287,26289,26291],{"id":25510,"depth":117,"text":26286},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25616,"depth":117,"text":26288},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25760,"depth":117,"text":26290},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25831,"depth":117,"text":25832},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":26085,"depth":91,"text":26086},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":26295},[26296,26298,26300,26302,26304],{"id":26173,"depth":117,"text":26297},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26183,"depth":117,"text":26299},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26199,"depth":117,"text":26301},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26211,"depth":117,"text":26303},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26224,"depth":117,"text":26225},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24216,"description":26306},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26312,"title":26313,"body":26314,"description":28587,"extension":2124,"meta":28588,"navigation":428,"path":28589,"seo":28590,"stem":28591,"__hash__":28592},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26315,"toc":28540},[26316,26321,26326,26329,26331,26477,26490,26495,26499,26513,26515,26618,26627,26629,26632,26670,26695,26697,26804,26806,26813,26816,26824,26826,26967,26975,26980,26984,26995,26997,27159,27162,27170,27177,27183,27280,27286,27363,27366,27378,27383,27389,27392,27396,27485,27488,27492,27596,27603,27690,27699,27701,27706,27712,27715,27761,27764,27830,27839,27845,27938,27944,27950,27993,27996,28061,28067,28159,28162,28166,28172,28197,28200,28296,28303,28305,28310,28401,28403,28431,28436,28438,28445,28448,28452,28462,28467,28470,28477,28487,28494,28502,28504,28537],[10,26317,11478,26319,18],{"id":26318},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26320,12918],{},[20,26322,26323,26325],{},[15,26324,12726],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26327,26328],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[142,26330,3774],{"id":3773},[46,26332,26334],{"className":48,"code":26333,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26335,26336,26372,26396,26410,26423,26427,26432,26464],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26337,26338,26340,26342,26344,26346,26348,26350,26352,26354,26356,26358,26360,26362,26364,26366,26368,26370],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26339,13357],{"class":61},[55,26341,66],{"class":65},[55,26343,10652],{"class":69},[55,26345,248],{"class":247},[55,26347,7829],{"class":251},[55,26349,248],{"class":247},[55,26351,153],{"class":69},[55,26353,258],{"class":247},[55,26355,13036],{"class":251},[55,26357,248],{"class":247},[55,26359,77],{"class":69},[55,26361,258],{"class":247},[55,26363,9461],{"class":251},[55,26365,248],{"class":247},[55,26367,153],{"class":69},[55,26369,9468],{"class":73},[55,26371,9471],{"class":69},[55,26373,26374,26377,26379,26381,26383,26386,26388,26390,26392,26394],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,26375,26376],{"class":61},"removed_age ",[55,26378,66],{"class":65},[55,26380,13400],{"class":61},[55,26382,44],{"class":69},[55,26384,26385],{"class":99},"pop",[55,26387,103],{"class":69},[55,26389,248],{"class":247},[55,26391,9461],{"class":251},[55,26393,248],{"class":247},[55,26395,114],{"class":69},[55,26397,26398,26400,26402,26405,26407],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,26399,121],{"class":120},[55,26401,103],{"class":69},[55,26403,26404],{"class":99},"removed_age",[55,26406,3825],{"class":69},[55,26408,26409],{"class":133},"   # 25\n",[55,26411,26412,26414,26416,26418,26420],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,26413,121],{"class":120},[55,26415,103],{"class":69},[55,26417,17457],{"class":99},[55,26419,3825],{"class":69},[55,26421,26422],{"class":133},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[55,26424,26425],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,26426,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,26428,26429],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,26430,26431],{"class":133},"# Safe version with default value\n",[55,26433,26434,26437,26439,26441,26443,26445,26447,26449,26451,26453,26455,26457,26460,26462],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,26435,26436],{"class":61},"country ",[55,26438,66],{"class":65},[55,26440,13400],{"class":61},[55,26442,44],{"class":69},[55,26444,26385],{"class":99},[55,26446,103],{"class":69},[55,26448,248],{"class":247},[55,26450,15411],{"class":251},[55,26452,248],{"class":247},[55,26454,77],{"class":69},[55,26456,258],{"class":247},[55,26458,26459],{"class":251},"Not found",[55,26461,248],{"class":247},[55,26463,114],{"class":69},[55,26465,26466,26468,26470,26472,26474],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,26467,121],{"class":120},[55,26469,103],{"class":69},[55,26471,15411],{"class":99},[55,26473,3825],{"class":69},[55,26475,26476],{"class":133},"       # Not found\n",[20,26478,31,26479,26482,26483,26486,26487,26489],{},[15,26480,26481],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26484,26485],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26488,19834],{}," when the key might not exist.",[142,26491,145,26493,148],{"id":26492},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26494,12726],{},[20,26496,26497,153],{},[15,26498,12726],{},[155,26500,26501,26504,26507,26510],{},[158,26502,26503],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[158,26505,26506],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[158,26508,26509],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[158,26511,26512],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26514,230],{},[46,26516,26518],{"className":48,"code":26517,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26519,26520,26560,26564,26587,26591,26605],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26521,26522,26524,26526,26528,26530,26532,26534,26536,26538,26540,26542,26544,26546,26548,26550,26552,26554,26556,26558],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26523,11647],{"class":61},[55,26525,66],{"class":65},[55,26527,10652],{"class":69},[55,26529,248],{"class":247},[55,26531,7829],{"class":251},[55,26533,248],{"class":247},[55,26535,153],{"class":69},[55,26537,258],{"class":247},[55,26539,13374],{"class":251},[55,26541,248],{"class":247},[55,26543,77],{"class":69},[55,26545,258],{"class":247},[55,26547,10570],{"class":251},[55,26549,248],{"class":247},[55,26551,153],{"class":69},[55,26553,258],{"class":247},[55,26555,10577],{"class":251},[55,26557,248],{"class":247},[55,26559,9471],{"class":69},[55,26561,26562],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,26563,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,26565,26566,26569,26571,26573,26575,26577,26579,26581,26583,26585],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,26567,26568],{"class":61},"removed_city ",[55,26570,66],{"class":65},[55,26572,11729],{"class":61},[55,26574,44],{"class":69},[55,26576,26385],{"class":99},[55,26578,103],{"class":69},[55,26580,248],{"class":247},[55,26582,10570],{"class":251},[55,26584,248],{"class":247},[55,26586,114],{"class":69},[55,26588,26589],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,26590,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,26592,26593,26595,26597,26600,26602],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,26594,121],{"class":120},[55,26596,103],{"class":69},[55,26598,26599],{"class":99},"removed_city",[55,26601,3825],{"class":69},[55,26603,26604],{"class":133},"  # Paris\n",[55,26606,26607,26609,26611,26613,26615],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,26608,121],{"class":120},[55,26610,103],{"class":69},[55,26612,11740],{"class":99},[55,26614,3825],{"class":69},[55,26616,26617],{"class":133},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26619,341,26620,26623,26624,44],{},[15,26621,26622],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26625,26626],{},"\"Paris\"",[142,26628,2319],{"id":2318},[20,26630,26631],{},"There are two common forms:",[46,26633,26635],{"className":48,"code":26634,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26636,26637,26651],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26638,26639,26641,26643,26645,26647,26649],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26640,11608],{"class":61},[55,26642,44],{"class":69},[55,26644,26385],{"class":99},[55,26646,103],{"class":69},[55,26648,14990],{"class":99},[55,26650,114],{"class":69},[55,26652,26653,26655,26657,26659,26661,26663,26665,26668],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,26654,11608],{"class":61},[55,26656,44],{"class":69},[55,26658,26385],{"class":99},[55,26660,103],{"class":69},[55,26662,14990],{"class":99},[55,26664,77],{"class":69},[55,26666,26667],{"class":99}," default",[55,26669,114],{"class":69},[155,26671,26672,26678,26686,26692],{},[158,26673,26674,26677],{},[15,26675,26676],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[158,26679,26680,26682,26683,26685],{},[15,26681,26676],{}," raises ",[15,26684,19834],{}," if the key is missing",[158,26687,26688,26691],{},[15,26689,26690],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[158,26693,26694],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26696,230],{},[46,26698,26700],{"className":48,"code":26699,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26701,26702,26734,26738,26763,26791],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26703,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726,26728,26730,26732],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26705,5224],{"class":61},[55,26707,66],{"class":65},[55,26709,10652],{"class":69},[55,26711,248],{"class":247},[55,26713,18564],{"class":251},[55,26715,248],{"class":247},[55,26717,153],{"class":69},[55,26719,20045],{"class":73},[55,26721,77],{"class":69},[55,26723,258],{"class":247},[55,26725,18573],{"class":251},[55,26727,248],{"class":247},[55,26729,153],{"class":69},[55,26731,13658],{"class":73},[55,26733,9471],{"class":69},[55,26735,26736],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,26737,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,26739,26740,26742,26744,26746,26748,26750,26752,26754,26756,26758,26760],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,26741,121],{"class":120},[55,26743,103],{"class":69},[55,26745,16539],{"class":99},[55,26747,44],{"class":69},[55,26749,26385],{"class":99},[55,26751,103],{"class":69},[55,26753,248],{"class":247},[55,26755,18564],{"class":251},[55,26757,248],{"class":247},[55,26759,5522],{"class":69},[55,26761,26762],{"class":133},"         # 90\n",[55,26764,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777,26779,26781,26783,26785,26787,26789],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,26766,121],{"class":120},[55,26768,103],{"class":69},[55,26770,16539],{"class":99},[55,26772,44],{"class":69},[55,26774,26385],{"class":99},[55,26776,103],{"class":69},[55,26778,248],{"class":247},[55,26780,18582],{"class":251},[55,26782,248],{"class":247},[55,26784,77],{"class":69},[55,26786,3997],{"class":73},[55,26788,5522],{"class":69},[55,26790,20915],{"class":133},[55,26792,26793,26795,26797,26799,26801],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,26794,121],{"class":120},[55,26796,103],{"class":69},[55,26798,16539],{"class":99},[55,26800,3825],{"class":69},[55,26802,26803],{"class":133},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[142,26805,17569],{"id":17568},[20,26807,26808,14204,26810,26812],{},[15,26809,12918],{},[1966,26811,1968],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26814,26815],{},"Instead, it returns:",[155,26817,26818,26821],{},[158,26819,26820],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[158,26822,26823],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26825,230],{},[46,26827,26829],{"className":48,"code":26828,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26830,26831,26863,26867,26890,26922,26926,26940,26954],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26832,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843,26845,26847,26849,26851,26853,26855,26857,26859,26861],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26834,9327],{"class":61},[55,26836,66],{"class":65},[55,26838,10652],{"class":69},[55,26840,248],{"class":247},[55,26842,36],{"class":251},[55,26844,248],{"class":247},[55,26846,153],{"class":69},[55,26848,6162],{"class":73},[55,26850,77],{"class":69},[55,26852,258],{"class":247},[55,26854,285],{"class":251},[55,26856,248],{"class":247},[55,26858,153],{"class":69},[55,26860,7951],{"class":73},[55,26862,9471],{"class":69},[55,26864,26865],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,26866,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,26868,26869,26872,26874,26876,26878,26880,26882,26884,26886,26888],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,26870,26871],{"class":61},"result1 ",[55,26873,66],{"class":65},[55,26875,14716],{"class":61},[55,26877,44],{"class":69},[55,26879,26385],{"class":99},[55,26881,103],{"class":69},[55,26883,248],{"class":247},[55,26885,36],{"class":251},[55,26887,248],{"class":247},[55,26889,114],{"class":69},[55,26891,26892,26895,26897,26899,26901,26903,26905,26907,26909,26911,26913,26915,26918,26920],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,26893,26894],{"class":61},"result2 ",[55,26896,66],{"class":65},[55,26898,14716],{"class":61},[55,26900,44],{"class":69},[55,26902,26385],{"class":99},[55,26904,103],{"class":69},[55,26906,248],{"class":247},[55,26908,261],{"class":251},[55,26910,248],{"class":247},[55,26912,77],{"class":69},[55,26914,258],{"class":247},[55,26916,26917],{"class":251},"missing",[55,26919,248],{"class":247},[55,26921,114],{"class":69},[55,26923,26924],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,26925,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,26927,26928,26930,26932,26935,26937],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,26929,121],{"class":120},[55,26931,103],{"class":69},[55,26933,26934],{"class":99},"result1",[55,26936,3825],{"class":69},[55,26938,26939],{"class":133},"  # 10\n",[55,26941,26942,26944,26946,26949,26951],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,26943,121],{"class":120},[55,26945,103],{"class":69},[55,26947,26948],{"class":99},"result2",[55,26950,3825],{"class":69},[55,26952,26953],{"class":133},"  # missing\n",[55,26955,26956,26958,26960,26962,26964],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,26957,121],{"class":120},[55,26959,103],{"class":69},[55,26961,9366],{"class":99},[55,26963,3825],{"class":69},[55,26965,26966],{"class":133},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26968,26969,26970,6790],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[36,26971,26972],{"href":10896},[15,26973,26974],{},"dict.get()",[142,26976,1937,26978],{"id":26977},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26979,12918],{},[20,26981,31,26982,993],{},[15,26983,12918],{},[155,26985,26986,26989,26992],{},[158,26987,26988],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[158,26990,26991],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[158,26993,26994],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26996,230],{},[46,26998,27000],{"className":48,"code":26999,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27001,27002,27054,27058,27085,27089,27113,27117,27131,27145],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27003,27004,27006,27008,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018,27020,27023,27025,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035,27038,27040,27042,27045,27047,27049,27052],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27005,25268],{"class":61},[55,27007,66],{"class":65},[55,27009,10652],{"class":69},[55,27011,248],{"class":247},[55,27013,7829],{"class":251},[55,27015,248],{"class":247},[55,27017,153],{"class":69},[55,27019,258],{"class":247},[55,27021,27022],{"class":251},"Laptop",[55,27024,248],{"class":247},[55,27026,77],{"class":69},[55,27028,258],{"class":247},[55,27030,25294],{"class":251},[55,27032,248],{"class":247},[55,27034,153],{"class":69},[55,27036,27037],{"class":73}," 1200",[55,27039,77],{"class":69},[55,27041,258],{"class":247},[55,27043,27044],{"class":251},"discount",[55,27046,248],{"class":247},[55,27048,153],{"class":69},[55,27050,27051],{"class":73}," 200",[55,27053,9471],{"class":69},[55,27055,27056],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,27057,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,27059,27060,27063,27065,27067,27069,27071,27073,27075,27077,27079,27081,27083],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,27061,27062],{"class":61},"discount_amount ",[55,27064,66],{"class":65},[55,27066,25346],{"class":61},[55,27068,44],{"class":69},[55,27070,26385],{"class":99},[55,27072,103],{"class":69},[55,27074,248],{"class":247},[55,27076,27044],{"class":251},[55,27078,248],{"class":247},[55,27080,77],{"class":69},[55,27082,3997],{"class":73},[55,27084,114],{"class":69},[55,27086,27087],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,27088,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,27090,27091,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,27092,27093],{"class":61},"final_price ",[55,27095,66],{"class":65},[55,27097,25346],{"class":61},[55,27099,312],{"class":69},[55,27101,248],{"class":247},[55,27103,25294],{"class":251},[55,27105,248],{"class":247},[55,27107,1680],{"class":69},[55,27109,2385],{"class":65},[55,27111,27112],{"class":61}," discount_amount\n",[55,27114,27115],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,27116,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,27118,27119,27121,27123,27126,27128],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,27120,121],{"class":120},[55,27122,103],{"class":69},[55,27124,27125],{"class":99},"discount_amount",[55,27127,3825],{"class":69},[55,27129,27130],{"class":133},"  # 200\n",[55,27132,27133,27135,27137,27140,27142],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,27134,121],{"class":120},[55,27136,103],{"class":69},[55,27138,27139],{"class":99},"final_price",[55,27141,3825],{"class":69},[55,27143,27144],{"class":133},"      # 1000\n",[55,27146,27147,27149,27151,27154,27156],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,27148,121],{"class":120},[55,27150,103],{"class":69},[55,27152,27153],{"class":99},"product",[55,27155,3825],{"class":69},[55,27157,27158],{"class":133},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27160,27161],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[142,27163,27165,982,27167],{"id":27164},"pop-vs-del",[15,27166,12918],{},[15,27168,27169],{},"del",[20,27171,10751,27172,352,27174,27176],{},[15,27173,12918],{},[15,27175,27169],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[577,27178,31,27180,27182],{"id":27179},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27181,12918],{}," when you need the removed value",[46,27184,27186],{"className":48,"code":27185,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27187,27188,27224,27228,27250,27254,27267],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27189,27190,27192,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202,27204,27206,27208,27210,27212,27214,27216,27218,27220,27222],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27191,13357],{"class":61},[55,27193,66],{"class":65},[55,27195,10652],{"class":69},[55,27197,248],{"class":247},[55,27199,7829],{"class":251},[55,27201,248],{"class":247},[55,27203,153],{"class":69},[55,27205,258],{"class":247},[55,27207,13036],{"class":251},[55,27209,248],{"class":247},[55,27211,77],{"class":69},[55,27213,258],{"class":247},[55,27215,9461],{"class":251},[55,27217,248],{"class":247},[55,27219,153],{"class":69},[55,27221,9468],{"class":73},[55,27223,9471],{"class":69},[55,27225,27226],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,27227,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,27229,27230,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,27231,21775],{"class":61},[55,27233,66],{"class":65},[55,27235,13400],{"class":61},[55,27237,44],{"class":69},[55,27239,26385],{"class":99},[55,27241,103],{"class":69},[55,27243,248],{"class":247},[55,27245,9461],{"class":251},[55,27247,248],{"class":247},[55,27249,114],{"class":69},[55,27251,27252],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,27253,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,27255,27256,27258,27260,27262,27264],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,27257,121],{"class":120},[55,27259,103],{"class":69},[55,27261,9461],{"class":99},[55,27263,3825],{"class":69},[55,27265,27266],{"class":133},"     # 25\n",[55,27268,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,27270,121],{"class":120},[55,27272,103],{"class":69},[55,27274,17457],{"class":99},[55,27276,3825],{"class":69},[55,27278,27279],{"class":133},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[577,27281,31,27283,27285],{"id":27282},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27284,27169],{}," when you only want deletion",[46,27287,27289],{"className":48,"code":27288,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27290,27291,27327,27331,27347,27351],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27292,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307,27309,27311,27313,27315,27317,27319,27321,27323,27325],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27294,13357],{"class":61},[55,27296,66],{"class":65},[55,27298,10652],{"class":69},[55,27300,248],{"class":247},[55,27302,7829],{"class":251},[55,27304,248],{"class":247},[55,27306,153],{"class":69},[55,27308,258],{"class":247},[55,27310,13036],{"class":251},[55,27312,248],{"class":247},[55,27314,77],{"class":69},[55,27316,258],{"class":247},[55,27318,9461],{"class":251},[55,27320,248],{"class":247},[55,27322,153],{"class":69},[55,27324,9468],{"class":73},[55,27326,9471],{"class":69},[55,27328,27329],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,27330,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,27332,27333,27335,27337,27339,27341,27343,27345],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,27334,27169],{"class":4040},[55,27336,13400],{"class":61},[55,27338,312],{"class":69},[55,27340,248],{"class":247},[55,27342,9461],{"class":251},[55,27344,248],{"class":247},[55,27346,88],{"class":69},[55,27348,27349],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,27350,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,27352,27353,27355,27357,27359,27361],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,27354,121],{"class":120},[55,27356,103],{"class":69},[55,27358,17457],{"class":99},[55,27360,3825],{"class":69},[55,27362,27279],{"class":133},[20,27364,27365],{},"Difference:",[155,27367,27368,27373],{},[158,27369,27370,27372],{},[15,27371,12918],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[158,27374,27375,27377],{},[15,27376,27169],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27379,27380,27381,44],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[36,27382,12731],{"href":12730},[142,27384,27386,27387],{"id":27385},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27388,19834],{},[20,27390,27391],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[577,27393,27395],{"id":27394},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[46,27397,27399],{"className":48,"code":27398,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27400,27401,27426,27430,27456,27460,27472],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27402,27403,27405,27407,27409,27411,27413,27415,27417,27419,27422,27424],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27404,11881],{"class":61},[55,27406,66],{"class":65},[55,27408,10652],{"class":69},[55,27410,248],{"class":247},[55,27412,7829],{"class":251},[55,27414,248],{"class":247},[55,27416,153],{"class":69},[55,27418,258],{"class":247},[55,27420,27421],{"class":251},"Sara",[55,27423,248],{"class":247},[55,27425,9471],{"class":69},[55,27427,27428],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,27429,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,27431,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444,27446,27448,27450,27452,27454],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,27433,2608],{"class":61},[55,27435,66],{"class":65},[55,27437,11923],{"class":61},[55,27439,44],{"class":69},[55,27441,26385],{"class":99},[55,27443,103],{"class":69},[55,27445,248],{"class":247},[55,27447,9461],{"class":251},[55,27449,248],{"class":247},[55,27451,77],{"class":69},[55,27453,4016],{"class":1312},[55,27455,114],{"class":69},[55,27457,27458],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,27459,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,27461,27462,27464,27466,27468,27470],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,27463,121],{"class":120},[55,27465,103],{"class":69},[55,27467,2633],{"class":99},[55,27469,3825],{"class":69},[55,27471,20708],{"class":133},[55,27473,27474,27476,27478,27480,27482],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,27475,121],{"class":120},[55,27477,103],{"class":69},[55,27479,11608],{"class":99},[55,27481,3825],{"class":69},[55,27483,27484],{"class":133}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27486,27487],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[577,27489,27491],{"id":27490},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[46,27493,27495],{"className":48,"code":27494,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27496,27497,27521,27525,27541,27564,27574,27581],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27498,27499,27501,27503,27505,27507,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27500,11881],{"class":61},[55,27502,66],{"class":65},[55,27504,10652],{"class":69},[55,27506,248],{"class":247},[55,27508,7829],{"class":251},[55,27510,248],{"class":247},[55,27512,153],{"class":69},[55,27514,258],{"class":247},[55,27516,27421],{"class":251},[55,27518,248],{"class":247},[55,27520,9471],{"class":69},[55,27522,27523],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,27524,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,27526,27527,27529,27531,27533,27535,27537,27539],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,27528,7157],{"class":4040},[55,27530,258],{"class":247},[55,27532,9461],{"class":251},[55,27534,248],{"class":247},[55,27536,21320],{"class":65},[55,27538,11923],{"class":61},[55,27540,6552],{"class":69},[55,27542,27543,27546,27548,27550,27552,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,27544,27545],{"class":61},"    value ",[55,27547,66],{"class":65},[55,27549,11923],{"class":61},[55,27551,44],{"class":69},[55,27553,26385],{"class":99},[55,27555,103],{"class":69},[55,27557,248],{"class":247},[55,27559,9461],{"class":251},[55,27561,248],{"class":247},[55,27563,114],{"class":69},[55,27565,27566,27568,27570,27572],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,27567,8230],{"class":120},[55,27569,103],{"class":69},[55,27571,2633],{"class":99},[55,27573,114],{"class":69},[55,27575,27576,27579],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,27577,27578],{"class":4040},"else",[55,27580,6552],{"class":69},[55,27582,27583,27585,27587,27589,27592,27594],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,27584,8230],{"class":120},[55,27586,103],{"class":69},[55,27588,248],{"class":247},[55,27590,27591],{"class":251},"Key not found",[55,27593,248],{"class":247},[55,27595,114],{"class":69},[577,27597,27599,27600,27602],{"id":27598},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27601,10900],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[46,27604,27606],{"className":48,"code":27605,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27607,27608,27632,27636,27662,27666,27678],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27609,27610,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628,27630],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27611,11881],{"class":61},[55,27613,66],{"class":65},[55,27615,10652],{"class":69},[55,27617,248],{"class":247},[55,27619,7829],{"class":251},[55,27621,248],{"class":247},[55,27623,153],{"class":69},[55,27625,258],{"class":247},[55,27627,27421],{"class":251},[55,27629,248],{"class":247},[55,27631,9471],{"class":69},[55,27633,27634],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,27635,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,27637,27638,27640,27642,27644,27646,27648,27650,27652,27654,27656,27658,27660],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,27639,2608],{"class":61},[55,27641,66],{"class":65},[55,27643,11923],{"class":61},[55,27645,44],{"class":69},[55,27647,19897],{"class":99},[55,27649,103],{"class":69},[55,27651,248],{"class":247},[55,27653,9461],{"class":251},[55,27655,248],{"class":247},[55,27657,77],{"class":69},[55,27659,4016],{"class":1312},[55,27661,114],{"class":69},[55,27663,27664],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,27665,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,27667,27668,27670,27672,27674,27676],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,27669,121],{"class":120},[55,27671,103],{"class":69},[55,27673,2633],{"class":99},[55,27675,3825],{"class":69},[55,27677,20708],{"class":133},[55,27679,27680,27682,27684,27686,27688],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,27681,121],{"class":120},[55,27683,103],{"class":69},[55,27685,11608],{"class":99},[55,27687,3825],{"class":69},[55,27689,27484],{"class":133},[20,27691,31,27692,27696,27697,44],{},[36,27693,27694],{"href":10896},[15,27695,26974],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[36,27698,11422],{"href":11234},[142,27700,1211],{"id":1210},[20,27702,27703,27704,44],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27705,12726],{},[577,27707,25918,27709,27711],{"id":27708},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27710,12918],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27713,27714],{},"Lists use indexes:",[46,27716,27718],{"className":48,"code":27717,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27719,27720,27740],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27721,27722,27724,27726,27728,27730,27732,27734,27736,27738],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27723,62],{"class":61},[55,27725,66],{"class":65},[55,27727,70],{"class":69},[55,27729,800],{"class":73},[55,27731,77],{"class":69},[55,27733,7951],{"class":73},[55,27735,77],{"class":69},[55,27737,7956],{"class":73},[55,27739,88],{"class":69},[55,27741,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,27743,121],{"class":120},[55,27745,103],{"class":69},[55,27747,94],{"class":99},[55,27749,44],{"class":69},[55,27751,26385],{"class":99},[55,27753,103],{"class":69},[55,27755,74],{"class":73},[55,27757,5522],{"class":69},[55,27759,27760],{"class":133},"  # 20\n",[20,27762,27763],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[46,27765,27767],{"className":48,"code":27766,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27768,27769,27805],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27770,27771,27773,27775,27777,27779,27781,27783,27785,27787,27789,27791,27793,27795,27797,27799,27801,27803],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27772,13357],{"class":61},[55,27774,66],{"class":65},[55,27776,10652],{"class":69},[55,27778,248],{"class":247},[55,27780,7829],{"class":251},[55,27782,248],{"class":247},[55,27784,153],{"class":69},[55,27786,258],{"class":247},[55,27788,13036],{"class":251},[55,27790,248],{"class":247},[55,27792,77],{"class":69},[55,27794,258],{"class":247},[55,27796,9461],{"class":251},[55,27798,248],{"class":247},[55,27800,153],{"class":69},[55,27802,9468],{"class":73},[55,27804,9471],{"class":69},[55,27806,27807,27809,27811,27813,27815,27817,27819,27821,27823,27825,27827],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,27808,121],{"class":120},[55,27810,103],{"class":69},[55,27812,17457],{"class":99},[55,27814,44],{"class":69},[55,27816,26385],{"class":99},[55,27818,103],{"class":69},[55,27820,248],{"class":247},[55,27822,9461],{"class":251},[55,27824,248],{"class":247},[55,27826,5522],{"class":69},[55,27828,27829],{"class":133},"  # 25\n",[20,27831,27832,27833,27835,27836,27838],{},"A dictionary does ",[1966,27834,1968],{}," use positions with ",[15,27837,12918],{},". It uses keys.",[577,27840,4865,27842,27844],{"id":27841},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27843,12918],{}," changes the original dictionary",[46,27846,27848],{"className":48,"code":27847,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27849,27850,27882,27886,27908,27912,27925],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27851,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876,27878,27880],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27853,9327],{"class":61},[55,27855,66],{"class":65},[55,27857,10652],{"class":69},[55,27859,248],{"class":247},[55,27861,2336],{"class":251},[55,27863,248],{"class":247},[55,27865,153],{"class":69},[55,27867,630],{"class":73},[55,27869,77],{"class":69},[55,27871,258],{"class":247},[55,27873,11902],{"class":251},[55,27875,248],{"class":247},[55,27877,153],{"class":69},[55,27879,80],{"class":73},[55,27881,9471],{"class":69},[55,27883,27884],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,27885,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,27887,27888,27890,27892,27894,27896,27898,27900,27902,27904,27906],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,27889,2608],{"class":61},[55,27891,66],{"class":65},[55,27893,14716],{"class":61},[55,27895,44],{"class":69},[55,27897,26385],{"class":99},[55,27899,103],{"class":69},[55,27901,248],{"class":247},[55,27903,2336],{"class":251},[55,27905,248],{"class":247},[55,27907,114],{"class":69},[55,27909,27910],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,27911,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,27913,27914,27916,27918,27920,27922],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,27915,121],{"class":120},[55,27917,103],{"class":69},[55,27919,2633],{"class":99},[55,27921,3825],{"class":69},[55,27923,27924],{"class":133},"  # 1\n",[55,27926,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,27928,121],{"class":120},[55,27930,103],{"class":69},[55,27932,9366],{"class":99},[55,27934,3825],{"class":69},[55,27936,27937],{"class":133},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27939,27940,27941,27943],{},"After ",[15,27942,12918],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[577,27945,8578,27947,27949],{"id":27946},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27948,12918],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[46,27951,27953],{"className":48,"code":27952,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27954,27955,27979,27983,27988],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27956,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965,27967,27969,27971,27973,27975,27977],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27958,9327],{"class":61},[55,27960,66],{"class":65},[55,27962,10652],{"class":69},[55,27964,248],{"class":247},[55,27966,7829],{"class":251},[55,27968,248],{"class":247},[55,27970,153],{"class":69},[55,27972,258],{"class":247},[55,27974,8082],{"class":251},[55,27976,248],{"class":247},[55,27978,9471],{"class":69},[55,27980,27981],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,27982,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,27984,27985],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,27986,27987],{"class":133},"# This causes an error\n",[55,27989,27990],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,27991,27992],{"class":133},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27994,27995],{},"Safer version:",[46,27997,27999],{"className":48,"code":27998,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28000,28001,28025,28029],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28002,28003,28005,28007,28009,28011,28013,28015,28017,28019,28021,28023],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28004,9327],{"class":61},[55,28006,66],{"class":65},[55,28008,10652],{"class":69},[55,28010,248],{"class":247},[55,28012,7829],{"class":251},[55,28014,248],{"class":247},[55,28016,153],{"class":69},[55,28018,258],{"class":247},[55,28020,8082],{"class":251},[55,28022,248],{"class":247},[55,28024,9471],{"class":69},[55,28026,28027],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,28028,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,28030,28031,28033,28035,28037,28039,28041,28043,28045,28047,28049,28051,28053,28055,28057,28059],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,28032,121],{"class":120},[55,28034,103],{"class":69},[55,28036,9366],{"class":99},[55,28038,44],{"class":69},[55,28040,26385],{"class":99},[55,28042,103],{"class":69},[55,28044,248],{"class":247},[55,28046,9461],{"class":251},[55,28048,248],{"class":247},[55,28050,77],{"class":69},[55,28052,258],{"class":247},[55,28054,26917],{"class":251},[55,28056,248],{"class":247},[55,28058,5522],{"class":69},[55,28060,26953],{"class":133},[577,28062,1553,28064,28066],{"id":28063},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28065,12918],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[46,28068,28070],{"className":48,"code":28069,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28071,28072,28104,28108,28130,28134,28146],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28073,28074,28076,28078,28080,28082,28084,28086,28088,28090,28092,28094,28096,28098,28100,28102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28075,9327],{"class":61},[55,28077,66],{"class":65},[55,28079,10652],{"class":69},[55,28081,248],{"class":247},[55,28083,36],{"class":251},[55,28085,248],{"class":247},[55,28087,153],{"class":69},[55,28089,630],{"class":73},[55,28091,77],{"class":69},[55,28093,258],{"class":247},[55,28095,285],{"class":251},[55,28097,248],{"class":247},[55,28099,153],{"class":69},[55,28101,80],{"class":73},[55,28103,9471],{"class":69},[55,28105,28106],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,28107,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,28109,28110,28112,28114,28116,28118,28120,28122,28124,28126,28128],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,28111,1255],{"class":61},[55,28113,66],{"class":65},[55,28115,14716],{"class":61},[55,28117,44],{"class":69},[55,28119,26385],{"class":99},[55,28121,103],{"class":69},[55,28123,248],{"class":247},[55,28125,36],{"class":251},[55,28127,248],{"class":247},[55,28129,114],{"class":69},[55,28131,28132],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,28133,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,28135,28136,28138,28140,28142,28144],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,28137,121],{"class":120},[55,28139,103],{"class":69},[55,28141,1288],{"class":99},[55,28143,3825],{"class":69},[55,28145,27924],{"class":133},[55,28147,28148,28150,28152,28154,28156],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,28149,121],{"class":120},[55,28151,103],{"class":69},[55,28153,9366],{"class":99},[55,28155,3825],{"class":69},[55,28157,28158],{"class":133},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28160,28161],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[142,28163,28165],{"id":28164},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28167,28168,28169,28171],{},"Problems with ",[15,28170,12726],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[155,28173,28174,28177,28186,28189],{},[158,28175,28176],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[158,28178,28179,28180,28183,28184],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28181,28182],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28185,26481],{},[158,28187,28188],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[158,28190,28191,28192,11252,28194],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28193,74],{},[15,28195,28196],{},"\"1\"",[20,28198,28199],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[46,28201,28203],{"className":48,"code":28202,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28204,28205,28229,28233,28263],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28206,28207,28209,28211,28213,28215,28217,28219,28221,28223,28225,28227],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28208,9327],{"class":61},[55,28210,66],{"class":65},[55,28212,10652],{"class":69},[55,28214,248],{"class":247},[55,28216,74],{"class":251},[55,28218,248],{"class":247},[55,28220,153],{"class":69},[55,28222,258],{"class":247},[55,28224,6744],{"class":251},[55,28226,248],{"class":247},[55,28228,9471],{"class":69},[55,28230,28231],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,28232,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,28234,28235,28237,28239,28241,28243,28245,28247,28249,28251,28253,28256,28258,28260],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,28236,121],{"class":120},[55,28238,103],{"class":69},[55,28240,9366],{"class":99},[55,28242,44],{"class":69},[55,28244,26385],{"class":99},[55,28246,103],{"class":69},[55,28248,74],{"class":73},[55,28250,77],{"class":69},[55,28252,258],{"class":247},[55,28254,28255],{"class":251},"not found",[55,28257,248],{"class":247},[55,28259,5522],{"class":69},[55,28261,28262],{"class":133},"    # not found\n",[55,28264,28265,28267,28269,28271,28273,28275,28277,28279,28281,28283,28285,28287,28289,28291,28293],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,28266,121],{"class":120},[55,28268,103],{"class":69},[55,28270,9366],{"class":99},[55,28272,44],{"class":69},[55,28274,26385],{"class":99},[55,28276,103],{"class":69},[55,28278,248],{"class":247},[55,28280,74],{"class":251},[55,28282,248],{"class":247},[55,28284,77],{"class":69},[55,28286,258],{"class":247},[55,28288,28255],{"class":251},[55,28290,248],{"class":247},[55,28292,5522],{"class":69},[55,28294,28295],{"class":133},"  # one\n",[20,28297,28298,352,28300,28302],{},[15,28299,74],{},[15,28301,28196],{}," are different keys.",[142,28304,9034],{"id":9033},[20,28306,1833,28307,28309],{},[15,28308,12918],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[46,28311,28313],{"className":48,"code":28312,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28314,28315,28325,28339,28357,28387],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28316,28317,28319,28321,28323],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28318,121],{"class":120},[55,28320,103],{"class":69},[55,28322,11608],{"class":99},[55,28324,114],{"class":69},[55,28326,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,28328,121],{"class":120},[55,28330,103],{"class":69},[55,28332,11608],{"class":99},[55,28334,44],{"class":69},[55,28336,17073],{"class":99},[55,28338,7354],{"class":69},[55,28340,28341,28343,28345,28347,28349,28351,28353,28355],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,28342,121],{"class":120},[55,28344,103],{"class":69},[55,28346,315],{"class":247},[55,28348,7829],{"class":251},[55,28350,315],{"class":247},[55,28352,21320],{"class":4040},[55,28354,11923],{"class":99},[55,28356,114],{"class":69},[55,28358,28359,28361,28363,28365,28367,28369,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,28360,121],{"class":120},[55,28362,103],{"class":69},[55,28364,11608],{"class":99},[55,28366,44],{"class":69},[55,28368,26385],{"class":99},[55,28370,103],{"class":69},[55,28372,315],{"class":247},[55,28374,7829],{"class":251},[55,28376,315],{"class":247},[55,28378,77],{"class":69},[55,28380,324],{"class":247},[55,28382,26917],{"class":251},[55,28384,315],{"class":247},[55,28386,1867],{"class":69},[55,28388,28389,28391,28393,28395,28397,28399],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,28390,121],{"class":120},[55,28392,103],{"class":69},[55,28394,1910],{"class":1898},[55,28396,103],{"class":69},[55,28398,11608],{"class":99},[55,28400,1867],{"class":69},[20,28402,21483],{},[155,28404,28405,28410,28415,28420,28426],{},[158,28406,28407,28409],{},[15,28408,12835],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[158,28411,28412,28414],{},[15,28413,21495],{}," shows all available keys",[158,28416,28417,28419],{},[15,28418,21501],{}," checks whether a key exists",[158,28421,28422,28425],{},[15,28423,28424],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[158,28427,28428,28430],{},[15,28429,12841],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28432,28433,28434,44],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[36,28435,9554],{"href":9553},[142,28437,1986],{"id":1985},[577,28439,28441,28442,28444],{"id":28440},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28443,12918],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28446,28447],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[577,28449,28451],{"id":28450},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28453,28454,26682,28456,28458,28459,28461],{},[15,28455,26481],{},[15,28457,19834],{},". ",[15,28460,26485],{}," returns the default value instead.",[577,28463,1990,28465,15045],{"id":28464},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28466,12918],{},[20,28468,28469],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[577,28471,28473,28474,28476],{"id":28472},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28475,12918],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28478,28479,28480,28482,28483,44],{},"Not with ",[15,28481,12726],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[36,28484,28485],{"href":12737},[15,28486,12925],{},[577,28488,2022,28490,352,28492,2027],{"id":28489},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28491,10900],{},[15,28493,12918],{},[20,28495,28496,28498,28499,28501],{},[15,28497,10900],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28500,12918],{}," reads and removes it.",[142,28503,2039],{"id":2038},[155,28505,28506,28512,28519,28523,28527,28531],{},[158,28507,28508],{},[36,28509,28510],{"href":10896},[15,28511,19815],{},[158,28513,28514],{},[36,28515,28516],{"href":12737},[15,28517,28518],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[158,28520,28521],{},[36,28522,12942],{"href":12730},[158,28524,28525],{},[36,28526,21604],{"href":16747},[158,28528,28529],{},[36,28530,11422],{"href":11234},[158,28532,28533],{},[36,28534,28536],{"href":28535},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2080,28538,28539],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":28541},[28542,28543,28545,28546,28547,28549,28556,28563,28573,28574,28575,28586],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":26492,"depth":91,"text":28544},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":17568,"depth":91,"text":17569},{"id":26977,"depth":91,"text":28548},"When to use pop()",{"id":27164,"depth":91,"text":28550,"children":28551},"pop() vs del",[28552,28554],{"id":27179,"depth":117,"text":28553},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27282,"depth":117,"text":28555},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27385,"depth":91,"text":28557,"children":28558},"How to avoid KeyError",[28559,28560,28561],{"id":27394,"depth":117,"text":27395},{"id":27490,"depth":117,"text":27491},{"id":27598,"depth":117,"text":28562},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":28564},[28565,28567,28569,28571],{"id":27708,"depth":117,"text":28566},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27841,"depth":117,"text":28568},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27946,"depth":117,"text":28570},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28063,"depth":117,"text":28572},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28164,"depth":91,"text":28165},{"id":9033,"depth":91,"text":9034},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":28576},[28577,28579,28580,28582,28584],{"id":28440,"depth":117,"text":28578},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28450,"depth":117,"text":28451},{"id":28464,"depth":117,"text":28581},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28472,"depth":117,"text":28583},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28489,"depth":117,"text":28585},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26313,"description":28587},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28594,"title":28518,"body":28595,"description":30533,"extension":2124,"meta":30534,"navigation":428,"path":30535,"seo":30536,"stem":30537,"__hash__":30538},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28596,"toc":30497},[28597,28602,28607,28610,28618,28628,28630,28719,28723,28772,28777,28782,28786,28802,28805,28807,28822,28824,28840,28847,28851,28857,28866,28868,28937,28941,28962,28965,28984,28987,29010,29012,29015,29130,29134,29193,29200,29204,29210,29335,29339,29389,29392,29396,29403,29405,29468,29472,29493,29496,29505,29520,29528,29535,29539,29551,29555,29566,29568,29713,29717,29776,29783,29788,29792,29798,29821,29826,29845,29849,29920,29927,30000,30009,30014,30019,30030,30033,30170,30175,30207,30212,30214,30218,30278,30281,30338,30341,30384,30386,30391,30397,30403,30406,30413,30421,30426,30429,30436,30444,30446,30494],[10,28598,11478,28600,18],{"id":28599},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28601,12925],{},[20,28603,568,28604,28606],{},[15,28605,12925],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28608,28609],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[155,28611,28612,28615],{},[158,28613,28614],{},"remove an item",[158,28616,28617],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28619,28620,28621,28623,28624,28627],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28622,12925],{}," removes the ",[1966,28625,28626],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[142,28629,2165],{"id":2164},[46,28631,28633],{"className":48,"code":28632,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28634,28635,28679,28695,28699,28709],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28636,28637,28639,28641,28643,28645,28647,28649,28651,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661,28663,28665,28667,28669,28671,28673,28675,28677],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28638,9327],{"class":61},[55,28640,66],{"class":65},[55,28642,10652],{"class":69},[55,28644,248],{"class":247},[55,28646,36],{"class":251},[55,28648,248],{"class":247},[55,28650,153],{"class":69},[55,28652,630],{"class":73},[55,28654,77],{"class":69},[55,28656,258],{"class":247},[55,28658,285],{"class":251},[55,28660,248],{"class":247},[55,28662,153],{"class":69},[55,28664,80],{"class":73},[55,28666,77],{"class":69},[55,28668,258],{"class":247},[55,28670,261],{"class":251},[55,28672,248],{"class":247},[55,28674,153],{"class":69},[55,28676,111],{"class":73},[55,28678,9471],{"class":69},[55,28680,28681,28684,28686,28688,28690,28693],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,28682,28683],{"class":61},"item ",[55,28685,66],{"class":65},[55,28687,14716],{"class":61},[55,28689,44],{"class":69},[55,28691,28692],{"class":99},"popitem",[55,28694,8804],{"class":69},[55,28696,28697],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,28698,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,28700,28701,28703,28705,28707],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,28702,121],{"class":120},[55,28704,103],{"class":69},[55,28706,220],{"class":99},[55,28708,114],{"class":69},[55,28710,28711,28713,28715,28717],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,28712,121],{"class":120},[55,28714,103],{"class":69},[55,28716,9366],{"class":99},[55,28718,114],{"class":69},[20,28720,28721],{},[1966,28722,302],{},[46,28724,28726],{"className":48,"code":28725,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28727,28728,28744],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28729,28730,28732,28734,28736,28738,28740,28742],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28731,103],{"class":69},[55,28733,315],{"class":247},[55,28735,261],{"class":251},[55,28737,315],{"class":247},[55,28739,77],{"class":69},[55,28741,111],{"class":73},[55,28743,114],{"class":69},[55,28745,28746,28748,28750,28752,28754,28756,28758,28760,28762,28764,28766,28768,28770],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,28747,9440],{"class":69},[55,28749,315],{"class":247},[55,28751,36],{"class":251},[55,28753,315],{"class":247},[55,28755,153],{"class":69},[55,28757,630],{"class":73},[55,28759,77],{"class":69},[55,28761,324],{"class":247},[55,28763,285],{"class":251},[55,28765,315],{"class":247},[55,28767,153],{"class":69},[55,28769,80],{"class":73},[55,28771,9471],{"class":69},[20,28773,28774,28776],{},[15,28775,12925],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[142,28778,145,28780,148],{"id":28779},"what-popitem-does",[15,28781,12925],{},[20,28783,28784,153],{},[15,28785,12925],{},[155,28787,28788,28791,28796,28799],{},[158,28789,28790],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[158,28792,28793,28794],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28795,21802],{},[158,28797,28798],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[158,28800,28801],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28803,28804],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[142,28806,2319],{"id":2318},[46,28808,28810],{"className":48,"code":28809,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28811,28812],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28813,28814,28816,28818,28820],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28815,15754],{"class":61},[55,28817,44],{"class":69},[55,28819,28692],{"class":99},[55,28821,8804],{"class":69},[20,28823,11617],{},[155,28825,28826,28834,28837],{},[158,28827,28828,28830,28831],{},[15,28829,12925],{}," takes ",[1966,28832,28833],{},"no arguments",[158,28835,28836],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[158,28838,28839],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28841,28842,28843,6790],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[36,28844,28845],{"href":12723},[15,28846,12918],{},[142,28848,28850],{"id":28849},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28852,28853,28854,28856],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28855,12925],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28858,28859,28860,28863],"ol",{},[158,28861,28862],{},"the key",[158,28864,28865],{},"the value",[20,28867,230],{},[46,28869,28871],{"className":48,"code":28870,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28872,28873,28909,28923,28927],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28874,28875,28877,28879,28881,28883,28885,28887,28889,28891,28893,28895,28897,28899,28901,28903,28905,28907],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28876,13357],{"class":61},[55,28878,66],{"class":65},[55,28880,10652],{"class":69},[55,28882,248],{"class":247},[55,28884,7829],{"class":251},[55,28886,248],{"class":247},[55,28888,153],{"class":69},[55,28890,258],{"class":247},[55,28892,5164],{"class":251},[55,28894,248],{"class":247},[55,28896,77],{"class":69},[55,28898,258],{"class":247},[55,28900,9461],{"class":251},[55,28902,248],{"class":247},[55,28904,153],{"class":69},[55,28906,9468],{"class":73},[55,28908,9471],{"class":69},[55,28910,28911,28913,28915,28917,28919,28921],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,28912,1255],{"class":61},[55,28914,66],{"class":65},[55,28916,13400],{"class":61},[55,28918,44],{"class":69},[55,28920,28692],{"class":99},[55,28922,8804],{"class":69},[55,28924,28925],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,28926,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,28928,28929,28931,28933,28935],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,28930,121],{"class":120},[55,28932,103],{"class":69},[55,28934,1288],{"class":99},[55,28936,114],{"class":69},[20,28938,28939],{},[1966,28940,302],{},[46,28942,28944],{"className":48,"code":28943,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28945,28946],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28947,28948,28950,28952,28954,28956,28958,28960],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28949,103],{"class":69},[55,28951,315],{"class":247},[55,28953,9461],{"class":251},[55,28955,315],{"class":247},[55,28957,77],{"class":69},[55,28959,9468],{"class":73},[55,28961,114],{"class":69},[20,28963,28964],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[46,28966,28968],{"className":48,"code":28967,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28969,28970],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28971,28972,28974,28976,28978,28980,28982],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28973,1255],{"class":61},[55,28975,66],{"class":65},[55,28977,13400],{"class":61},[55,28979,44],{"class":69},[55,28981,28692],{"class":99},[55,28983,8804],{"class":69},[20,28985,28986],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[46,28988,28990],{"className":48,"code":28989,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28991,28992],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28993,28994,28996,28998,29000,29002,29004,29006,29008],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28995,14990],{"class":61},[55,28997,77],{"class":69},[55,28999,21731],{"class":61},[55,29001,66],{"class":65},[55,29003,13400],{"class":61},[55,29005,44],{"class":69},[55,29007,28692],{"class":99},[55,29009,8804],{"class":69},[142,29011,11634],{"id":11633},[20,29013,29014],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[46,29016,29018],{"className":48,"code":29017,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29019,29020,29068,29072,29087,29091,29111],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29021,29022,29024,29026,29028,29030,29033,29035,29037,29039,29041,29043,29045,29047,29049,29052,29054,29056,29059,29061,29063,29066],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29023,5224],{"class":61},[55,29025,66],{"class":65},[55,29027,10652],{"class":69},[55,29029,248],{"class":247},[55,29031,29032],{"class":251},"Tom",[55,29034,248],{"class":247},[55,29036,153],{"class":69},[55,29038,5236],{"class":73},[55,29040,77],{"class":69},[55,29042,258],{"class":247},[55,29044,13036],{"class":251},[55,29046,248],{"class":247},[55,29048,153],{"class":69},[55,29050,29051],{"class":73}," 95",[55,29053,77],{"class":69},[55,29055,258],{"class":247},[55,29057,29058],{"class":251},"Leo",[55,29060,248],{"class":247},[55,29062,153],{"class":69},[55,29064,29065],{"class":73}," 88",[55,29067,9471],{"class":69},[55,29069,29070],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,29071,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,29073,29074,29077,29079,29081,29083,29085],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,29075,29076],{"class":61},"removed_pair ",[55,29078,66],{"class":65},[55,29080,5271],{"class":61},[55,29082,44],{"class":69},[55,29084,28692],{"class":99},[55,29086,8804],{"class":69},[55,29088,29089],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,29090,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,29092,29093,29095,29097,29099,29102,29104,29106,29109],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,29094,121],{"class":120},[55,29096,103],{"class":69},[55,29098,248],{"class":247},[55,29100,29101],{"class":251},"Removed:",[55,29103,248],{"class":247},[55,29105,77],{"class":69},[55,29107,29108],{"class":99}," removed_pair",[55,29110,114],{"class":69},[55,29112,29113,29115,29117,29119,29122,29124,29126,29128],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,29114,121],{"class":120},[55,29116,103],{"class":69},[55,29118,248],{"class":247},[55,29120,29121],{"class":251},"After removal:",[55,29123,248],{"class":247},[55,29125,77],{"class":69},[55,29127,5271],{"class":99},[55,29129,114],{"class":69},[20,29131,29132],{},[1966,29133,302],{},[46,29135,29137],{"className":48,"code":29136,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29138,29139,29160],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29140,29141,29144,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154,29156,29158],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29142,29143],{"class":61},"Removed",[55,29145,153],{"class":69},[55,29147,9398],{"class":69},[55,29149,315],{"class":247},[55,29151,29058],{"class":251},[55,29153,315],{"class":247},[55,29155,77],{"class":69},[55,29157,29065],{"class":73},[55,29159,114],{"class":69},[55,29161,29162,29165,29167,29169,29171,29173,29175,29177,29179,29181,29183,29185,29187,29189,29191],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,29163,29164],{"class":61},"After removal",[55,29166,153],{"class":69},[55,29168,10652],{"class":69},[55,29170,315],{"class":247},[55,29172,29032],{"class":251},[55,29174,315],{"class":247},[55,29176,153],{"class":69},[55,29178,5236],{"class":73},[55,29180,77],{"class":69},[55,29182,324],{"class":247},[55,29184,13036],{"class":251},[55,29186,315],{"class":247},[55,29188,153],{"class":69},[55,29190,29051],{"class":73},[55,29192,9471],{"class":69},[20,29194,29195,29196,29199],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29197,29198],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[142,29201,29203],{"id":29202},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29205,29206,29207,29209],{},"Because ",[15,29208,12925],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[46,29211,29213],{"className":48,"code":29212,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29214,29215,29251,29255,29274,29278,29297,29316],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29216,29217,29219,29221,29223,29225,29227,29229,29231,29233,29235,29237,29239,29241,29243,29245,29247,29249],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29218,15597],{"class":61},[55,29220,66],{"class":65},[55,29222,10652],{"class":69},[55,29224,248],{"class":247},[55,29226,15608],{"class":251},[55,29228,248],{"class":247},[55,29230,153],{"class":69},[55,29232,258],{"class":247},[55,29234,15617],{"class":251},[55,29236,248],{"class":247},[55,29238,77],{"class":69},[55,29240,258],{"class":247},[55,29242,15628],{"class":251},[55,29244,248],{"class":247},[55,29246,153],{"class":69},[55,29248,27051],{"class":73},[55,29250,9471],{"class":69},[55,29252,29253],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,29254,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,29256,29257,29259,29261,29263,29265,29268,29270,29272],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,29258,14990],{"class":61},[55,29260,77],{"class":69},[55,29262,21731],{"class":61},[55,29264,66],{"class":65},[55,29266,29267],{"class":61}," book",[55,29269,44],{"class":69},[55,29271,28692],{"class":99},[55,29273,8804],{"class":69},[55,29275,29276],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,29277,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,29279,29280,29282,29284,29286,29289,29291,29293,29295],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,29281,121],{"class":120},[55,29283,103],{"class":69},[55,29285,248],{"class":247},[55,29287,29288],{"class":251},"Key:",[55,29290,248],{"class":247},[55,29292,77],{"class":69},[55,29294,21726],{"class":99},[55,29296,114],{"class":69},[55,29298,29299,29301,29303,29305,29308,29310,29312,29314],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,29300,121],{"class":120},[55,29302,103],{"class":69},[55,29304,248],{"class":247},[55,29306,29307],{"class":251},"Value:",[55,29309,248],{"class":247},[55,29311,77],{"class":69},[55,29313,8594],{"class":99},[55,29315,114],{"class":69},[55,29317,29318,29320,29322,29324,29327,29329,29331,29333],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,29319,121],{"class":120},[55,29321,103],{"class":69},[55,29323,248],{"class":247},[55,29325,29326],{"class":251},"Dictionary:",[55,29328,248],{"class":247},[55,29330,77],{"class":69},[55,29332,29267],{"class":99},[55,29334,114],{"class":69},[20,29336,29337],{},[1966,29338,302],{},[46,29340,29342],{"className":48,"code":29341,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29343,29344,29354,29364],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29345,29346,29349,29351],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29347,29348],{"class":61},"Key",[55,29350,153],{"class":69},[55,29352,29353],{"class":61}," pages\n",[55,29355,29356,29359,29361],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,29357,29358],{"class":61},"Value",[55,29360,153],{"class":69},[55,29362,29363],{"class":73}," 200\n",[55,29365,29366,29369,29371,29373,29375,29377,29379,29381,29383,29385,29387],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,29367,29368],{"class":61},"Dictionary",[55,29370,153],{"class":69},[55,29372,10652],{"class":69},[55,29374,315],{"class":247},[55,29376,15608],{"class":251},[55,29378,315],{"class":247},[55,29380,153],{"class":69},[55,29382,324],{"class":247},[55,29384,15617],{"class":251},[55,29386,315],{"class":247},[55,29388,9471],{"class":69},[20,29390,29391],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[142,29393,29395],{"id":29394},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29397,29398,29399,28623,29401,44],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29400,12925],{},[1966,29402,28626],{},[20,29404,230],{},[46,29406,29408],{"className":48,"code":29407,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29409,29410,29454],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29411,29412,29414,29416,29418,29420,29422,29424,29426,29428,29430,29432,29434,29436,29438,29440,29442,29444,29446,29448,29450,29452],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29413,9327],{"class":61},[55,29415,66],{"class":65},[55,29417,10652],{"class":69},[55,29419,248],{"class":247},[55,29421,2336],{"class":251},[55,29423,248],{"class":247},[55,29425,153],{"class":69},[55,29427,630],{"class":73},[55,29429,77],{"class":69},[55,29431,258],{"class":247},[55,29433,11902],{"class":251},[55,29435,248],{"class":247},[55,29437,153],{"class":69},[55,29439,80],{"class":73},[55,29441,77],{"class":69},[55,29443,258],{"class":247},[55,29445,22224],{"class":251},[55,29447,248],{"class":247},[55,29449,153],{"class":69},[55,29451,111],{"class":73},[55,29453,9471],{"class":69},[55,29455,29456,29458,29460,29462,29464,29466],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,29457,121],{"class":120},[55,29459,103],{"class":69},[55,29461,9366],{"class":99},[55,29463,44],{"class":69},[55,29465,28692],{"class":99},[55,29467,7354],{"class":69},[20,29469,29470],{},[1966,29471,302],{},[46,29473,29475],{"className":48,"code":29474,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29476,29477],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29478,29479,29481,29483,29485,29487,29489,29491],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29480,103],{"class":69},[55,29482,315],{"class":247},[55,29484,22224],{"class":251},[55,29486,315],{"class":247},[55,29488,77],{"class":69},[55,29490,111],{"class":73},[55,29492,114],{"class":69},[20,29494,29495],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29497,29498,29499,29501,29502,29504],{},"As a beginner, do ",[1966,29500,1968],{}," think of ",[15,29503,12925],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29506,29507,29508,2352,29512,17222,29516,44],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[36,29509,29510],{"href":17225},[15,29511,17228],{},[36,29513,29514],{"href":17212},[15,29515,17215],{},[36,29517,29518],{"href":17218},[15,29519,17221],{},[142,29521,29523,29524,352,29526],{"id":29522},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29525,12925],{},[15,29527,12918],{},[20,29529,29530,352,29532,29534],{},[15,29531,12925],{},[15,29533,12918],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[577,29536,29537],{"id":28692},[15,29538,12925],{},[155,29540,29541,29544,29547],{},[158,29542,29543],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[158,29545,29546],{},"does not need a key argument",[158,29548,3855,29549],{},[15,29550,21802],{},[577,29552,29553],{"id":26385},[15,29554,12918],{},[155,29556,29557,29560,29563],{},[158,29558,29559],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[158,29561,29562],{},"needs the key name",[158,29564,29565],{},"returns only the value",[20,29567,230],{},[46,29569,29571],{"className":48,"code":29570,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29572,29573,29617,29621,29635,29654,29658,29680,29699,29703],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29574,29575,29577,29579,29581,29583,29585,29587,29589,29591,29593,29595,29597,29599,29601,29603,29605,29607,29609,29611,29613,29615],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29576,9327],{"class":61},[55,29578,66],{"class":65},[55,29580,10652],{"class":69},[55,29582,248],{"class":247},[55,29584,36],{"class":251},[55,29586,248],{"class":247},[55,29588,153],{"class":69},[55,29590,630],{"class":73},[55,29592,77],{"class":69},[55,29594,258],{"class":247},[55,29596,285],{"class":251},[55,29598,248],{"class":247},[55,29600,153],{"class":69},[55,29602,80],{"class":73},[55,29604,77],{"class":69},[55,29606,258],{"class":247},[55,29608,261],{"class":251},[55,29610,248],{"class":247},[55,29612,153],{"class":69},[55,29614,111],{"class":73},[55,29616,9471],{"class":69},[55,29618,29619],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,29620,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,29622,29623,29625,29627,29629,29631,29633],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,29624,28683],{"class":61},[55,29626,66],{"class":65},[55,29628,14716],{"class":61},[55,29630,44],{"class":69},[55,29632,28692],{"class":99},[55,29634,8804],{"class":69},[55,29636,29637,29639,29641,29643,29646,29648,29650,29652],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,29638,121],{"class":120},[55,29640,103],{"class":69},[55,29642,248],{"class":247},[55,29644,29645],{"class":251},"popitem():",[55,29647,248],{"class":247},[55,29649,77],{"class":69},[55,29651,206],{"class":99},[55,29653,114],{"class":69},[55,29655,29656],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,29657,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,29659,29660,29662,29664,29666,29668,29670,29672,29674,29676,29678],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,29661,2608],{"class":61},[55,29663,66],{"class":65},[55,29665,14716],{"class":61},[55,29667,44],{"class":69},[55,29669,26385],{"class":99},[55,29671,103],{"class":69},[55,29673,248],{"class":247},[55,29675,36],{"class":251},[55,29677,248],{"class":247},[55,29679,114],{"class":69},[55,29681,29682,29684,29686,29688,29691,29693,29695,29697],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,29683,121],{"class":120},[55,29685,103],{"class":69},[55,29687,248],{"class":247},[55,29689,29690],{"class":251},"pop('a'):",[55,29692,248],{"class":247},[55,29694,77],{"class":69},[55,29696,8594],{"class":99},[55,29698,114],{"class":69},[55,29700,29701],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,29702,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,29704,29705,29707,29709,29711],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,29706,121],{"class":120},[55,29708,103],{"class":69},[55,29710,9366],{"class":99},[55,29712,114],{"class":69},[20,29714,29715],{},[1966,29716,302],{},[46,29718,29720],{"className":48,"code":29719,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29721,29722,29743,29760],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29723,29724,29726,29729,29731,29733,29735,29737,29739,29741],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29725,28692],{"class":99},[55,29727,29728],{"class":69},"():",[55,29730,9398],{"class":69},[55,29732,315],{"class":247},[55,29734,261],{"class":251},[55,29736,315],{"class":247},[55,29738,77],{"class":69},[55,29740,111],{"class":73},[55,29742,114],{"class":69},[55,29744,29745,29747,29749,29751,29753,29755,29757],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,29746,26385],{"class":99},[55,29748,103],{"class":69},[55,29750,315],{"class":247},[55,29752,36],{"class":251},[55,29754,315],{"class":247},[55,29756,16602],{"class":69},[55,29758,29759],{"class":73}," 1\n",[55,29761,29762,29764,29766,29768,29770,29772,29774],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,29763,9440],{"class":69},[55,29765,315],{"class":247},[55,29767,285],{"class":251},[55,29769,315],{"class":247},[55,29771,153],{"class":69},[55,29773,80],{"class":73},[55,29775,9471],{"class":69},[20,29777,31,29778,29782],{},[36,29779,29780],{"href":12723},[15,29781,12918],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29784,31,29785,29787],{},[15,29786,12925],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[142,29789,29791],{"id":29790},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29793,29794,29795,29797],{},"Calling ",[15,29796,12925],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[46,29799,29801],{"className":48,"code":29800,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29802,29803,29811],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29804,29805,29807,29809],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29806,9327],{"class":61},[55,29808,66],{"class":65},[55,29810,10000],{"class":69},[55,29812,29813,29815,29817,29819],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,29814,9366],{"class":61},[55,29816,44],{"class":69},[55,29818,28692],{"class":99},[55,29820,8804],{"class":69},[20,29822,29823],{},[1966,29824,29825],{},"Error:",[46,29827,29829],{"className":48,"code":29828,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29830,29831],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29832,29833,29835,29837,29839,29842],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29834,19834],{"class":1898},[55,29836,153],{"class":69},[55,29838,324],{"class":247},[55,29840,29841],{"class":251},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[55,29843,29844],{"class":247},"'\n",[577,29846,29848],{"id":29847},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[46,29850,29852],{"className":48,"code":29851,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29853,29854,29862,29866,29874,29889,29899,29905],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29855,29856,29858,29860],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29857,9327],{"class":61},[55,29859,66],{"class":65},[55,29861,10000],{"class":69},[55,29863,29864],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,29865,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,29867,29868,29870,29872],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,29869,7157],{"class":4040},[55,29871,14716],{"class":61},[55,29873,6552],{"class":69},[55,29875,29876,29879,29881,29883,29885,29887],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,29877,29878],{"class":61},"    item ",[55,29880,66],{"class":65},[55,29882,14716],{"class":61},[55,29884,44],{"class":69},[55,29886,28692],{"class":99},[55,29888,8804],{"class":69},[55,29890,29891,29893,29895,29897],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,29892,8230],{"class":120},[55,29894,103],{"class":69},[55,29896,220],{"class":99},[55,29898,114],{"class":69},[55,29900,29901,29903],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,29902,27578],{"class":4040},[55,29904,6552],{"class":69},[55,29906,29907,29909,29911,29913,29916,29918],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,29908,8230],{"class":120},[55,29910,103],{"class":69},[55,29912,248],{"class":247},[55,29914,29915],{"class":251},"Dictionary is empty",[55,29917,248],{"class":247},[55,29919,114],{"class":69},[577,29921,29923,29924],{"id":29922},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29925,29926],{},"try-except",[46,29928,29930],{"className":48,"code":29929,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29931,29932,29940,29944,29951,29965,29975,29985],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29933,29934,29936,29938],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29935,9327],{"class":61},[55,29937,66],{"class":65},[55,29939,10000],{"class":69},[55,29941,29942],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,29943,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,29945,29946,29949],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,29947,29948],{"class":4040},"try",[55,29950,6552],{"class":69},[55,29952,29953,29955,29957,29959,29961,29963],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,29954,29878],{"class":61},[55,29956,66],{"class":65},[55,29958,14716],{"class":61},[55,29960,44],{"class":69},[55,29962,28692],{"class":99},[55,29964,8804],{"class":69},[55,29966,29967,29969,29971,29973],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,29968,8230],{"class":120},[55,29970,103],{"class":69},[55,29972,220],{"class":99},[55,29974,114],{"class":69},[55,29976,29977,29980,29983],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,29978,29979],{"class":4040},"except",[55,29981,29982],{"class":1898}," KeyError",[55,29984,6552],{"class":69},[55,29986,29987,29989,29991,29993,29996,29998],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,29988,8230],{"class":120},[55,29990,103],{"class":69},[55,29992,248],{"class":247},[55,29994,29995],{"class":251},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[55,29997,248],{"class":247},[55,29999,114],{"class":69},[20,30001,30002,30003,44],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[36,30004,25824,30006],{"href":30005},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30007,30008],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[142,30010,1937,30012],{"id":30011},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30013,12925],{},[20,30015,30016,30018],{},[15,30017,12925],{}," is useful when:",[155,30020,30021,30024,30027],{},[158,30022,30023],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[158,30025,30026],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[158,30028,30029],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30031,30032],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[46,30034,30036],{"className":48,"code":30035,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30037,30038,30047,30067,30087,30105,30109,30113,30123,30142],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30039,30040,30043,30045],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30041,30042],{"class":61},"tasks ",[55,30044,66],{"class":65},[55,30046,11652],{"class":69},[55,30048,30049,30051,30054,30056,30058,30060,30063,30065],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,30050,11657],{"class":247},[55,30052,30053],{"class":251},"first",[55,30055,248],{"class":247},[55,30057,153],{"class":69},[55,30059,258],{"class":247},[55,30061,30062],{"class":251},"wash dishes",[55,30064,248],{"class":247},[55,30066,11673],{"class":69},[55,30068,30069,30071,30074,30076,30078,30080,30083,30085],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,30070,11657],{"class":247},[55,30072,30073],{"class":251},"second",[55,30075,248],{"class":247},[55,30077,153],{"class":69},[55,30079,258],{"class":247},[55,30081,30082],{"class":251},"do homework",[55,30084,248],{"class":247},[55,30086,11673],{"class":69},[55,30088,30089,30091,30094,30096,30098,30100,30103],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,30090,11657],{"class":247},[55,30092,30093],{"class":251},"third",[55,30095,248],{"class":247},[55,30097,153],{"class":69},[55,30099,258],{"class":247},[55,30101,30102],{"class":251},"read book",[55,30104,3522],{"class":247},[55,30106,30107],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,30108,9471],{"class":69},[55,30110,30111],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,30112,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,30114,30115,30118,30121],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,30116,30117],{"class":4040},"while",[55,30119,30120],{"class":61}," tasks",[55,30122,6552],{"class":69},[55,30124,30125,30128,30130,30132,30134,30136,30138,30140],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,30126,30127],{"class":61},"    key",[55,30129,77],{"class":69},[55,30131,21731],{"class":61},[55,30133,66],{"class":65},[55,30135,30120],{"class":61},[55,30137,44],{"class":69},[55,30139,28692],{"class":99},[55,30141,8804],{"class":69},[55,30143,30144,30146,30148,30150,30152,30154,30156,30158,30160,30162,30164,30166,30168],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,30145,8230],{"class":120},[55,30147,103],{"class":69},[55,30149,22441],{"class":2226},[55,30151,248],{"class":251},[55,30153,9440],{"class":73},[55,30155,14990],{"class":99},[55,30157,22450],{"class":73},[55,30159,22453],{"class":251},[55,30161,9440],{"class":73},[55,30163,2633],{"class":99},[55,30165,22450],{"class":73},[55,30167,248],{"class":251},[55,30169,114],{"class":69},[20,30171,30172],{},[1966,30173,30174],{},"Possible output:",[46,30176,30178],{"className":48,"code":30177,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30179,30180,30189,30198],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30181,30182,30184,30186],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30183,30093],{"class":61},[55,30185,153],{"class":69},[55,30187,30188],{"class":61}," read book\n",[55,30190,30191,30193,30195],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,30192,30073],{"class":61},[55,30194,153],{"class":69},[55,30196,30197],{"class":61}," do homework\n",[55,30199,30200,30202,30204],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,30201,30053],{"class":61},[55,30203,153],{"class":69},[55,30205,30206],{"class":61}," wash dishes\n",[20,30208,29206,30209,30211],{},[15,30210,12925],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[142,30213,2992],{"id":2991},[20,30215,1214,30216,153],{},[15,30217,12925],{},[155,30219,30220,30234,30253,30264],{},[158,30221,30222,30227],{},[1966,30223,29794,30224,30226],{},[15,30225,12925],{}," on an empty dictionary",[155,30228,30229],{},[158,30230,30231,30232,44],{},"This raises ",[15,30233,19834],{},[158,30235,30236,30241],{},[1966,30237,1553,30238,30240],{},[15,30239,12925],{}," to remove a specific key",[155,30242,30243,30246],{},[158,30244,30245],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[158,30247,31,30248,30252],{},[36,30249,30250],{"href":12723},[15,30251,12918],{}," if you need that.",[158,30254,30255,30259],{},[1966,30256,4865,30257,27844],{},[15,30258,12925],{},[155,30260,30261],{},[158,30262,30263],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[158,30265,30266,30269],{},[1966,30267,30268],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[155,30270,30271],{},[158,30272,30273,22122,30275,30277],{},[15,30274,12925],{},[15,30276,21802],{}," tuple.",[20,30279,30280],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[46,30282,30284],{"className":48,"code":30283,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30285,30286,30296,30310,30314,30328],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30287,30288,30290,30292,30294],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30289,121],{"class":120},[55,30291,103],{"class":69},[55,30293,11608],{"class":99},[55,30295,114],{"class":69},[55,30297,30298,30300,30302,30304,30306,30308],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,30299,121],{"class":120},[55,30301,103],{"class":69},[55,30303,1860],{"class":120},[55,30305,103],{"class":69},[55,30307,11608],{"class":99},[55,30309,1867],{"class":69},[55,30311,30312],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,30313,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,30315,30316,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,30317,28683],{"class":61},[55,30319,66],{"class":65},[55,30321,11923],{"class":61},[55,30323,44],{"class":69},[55,30325,28692],{"class":99},[55,30327,8804],{"class":69},[55,30329,30330,30332,30334,30336],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,30331,121],{"class":120},[55,30333,103],{"class":69},[55,30335,220],{"class":99},[55,30337,114],{"class":69},[20,30339,30340],{},"Or with unpacking:",[46,30342,30344],{"className":48,"code":30343,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30345,30346,30364,30374],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30347,30348,30350,30352,30354,30356,30358,30360,30362],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30349,14990],{"class":61},[55,30351,77],{"class":69},[55,30353,21731],{"class":61},[55,30355,66],{"class":65},[55,30357,11923],{"class":61},[55,30359,44],{"class":69},[55,30361,28692],{"class":99},[55,30363,8804],{"class":69},[55,30365,30366,30368,30370,30372],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,30367,121],{"class":120},[55,30369,103],{"class":69},[55,30371,14990],{"class":99},[55,30373,114],{"class":69},[55,30375,30376,30378,30380,30382],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,30377,121],{"class":120},[55,30379,103],{"class":69},[55,30381,2633],{"class":99},[55,30383,114],{"class":69},[142,30385,1986],{"id":1985},[577,30387,5303,30389,5306],{"id":30388},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30390,12925],{},[20,30392,30393,30394,44],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30395,30396],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[577,30398,1990,30400,30402],{"id":30399},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30401,12925],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30404,30405],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[577,30407,30409,30410,30412],{"id":30408},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30411,12925],{}," removes?",[20,30414,30415,30416,30420],{},"No. Use ",[36,30417,30418],{"href":12723},[15,30419,12918],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[577,30422,1990,30424,15045],{"id":30423},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30425,12925],{},[20,30427,30428],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[577,30430,30432,30433,30435],{"id":30431},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30434,12925],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30437,30438,30439,30441,30442,44],{},"It raises ",[15,30440,19834],{}," with the message ",[15,30443,29841],{},[142,30445,2039],{"id":2038},[155,30447,30448,30455,30461,30467,30473,30480,30484,30488],{},[158,30449,30450],{},[36,30451,30452,30454],{"href":12723},[15,30453,12918],{}," method for dictionaries",[158,30456,30457],{},[36,30458,30459,30454],{"href":17225},[15,30460,17228],{},[158,30462,30463],{},[36,30464,30465,30454],{"href":17212},[15,30466,17215],{},[158,30468,30469],{},[36,30470,30471,30454],{"href":17218},[15,30472,17221],{},[158,30474,30475],{},[36,30476,30478,30454],{"href":30477},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30479,11481],{},[158,30481,30482],{},[36,30483,12942],{"href":12730},[158,30485,30486],{},[36,30487,21604],{"href":16747},[158,30489,30490],{},[36,30491,2074,30492],{"href":30005},[15,30493,30008],{},[2080,30495,30496],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":30498},[30499,30500,30502,30503,30504,30505,30506,30507,30512,30517,30519,30520,30532],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":28779,"depth":91,"text":30501},"What popitem() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":28849,"depth":91,"text":28850},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":29202,"depth":91,"text":29203},{"id":29394,"depth":91,"text":29395},{"id":29522,"depth":91,"text":30508,"children":30509},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30510,30511],{"id":28692,"depth":117,"text":12925},{"id":26385,"depth":117,"text":12918},{"id":29790,"depth":91,"text":29791,"children":30513},[30514,30515],{"id":29847,"depth":117,"text":29848},{"id":29922,"depth":117,"text":30516},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30011,"depth":91,"text":30518},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":30521},[30522,30524,30526,30528,30530],{"id":30388,"depth":117,"text":30523},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30399,"depth":117,"text":30525},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30408,"depth":117,"text":30527},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30423,"depth":117,"text":30529},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30431,"depth":117,"text":30531},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28518,"description":30533},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30540,"title":30541,"body":30542,"description":32444,"extension":2124,"meta":32445,"navigation":428,"path":14183,"seo":32446,"stem":32447,"__hash__":32448},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30543,"toc":32416},[30544,30549,30554,30557,30559,30656,30661,30666,30671,30674,30682,30685,30700,30702,30802,30804,30861,30865,30867,30870,30890,30895,30906,30909,30936,30939,30941,30998,31000,31021,31027,31032,31035,31046,31048,31156,31158,31211,31213,31225,31232,31238,31243,31246,31334,31336,31381,31384,31392,31395,31398,31467,31470,31473,31477,31480,31551,31553,31606,31609,31612,31615,31630,31633,31645,31648,31711,31713,31719,31721,31723,31802,31804,31845,31847,31912,31914,31951,31956,31961,31965,31979,31982,32105,32107,32192,32197,32199,32203,32225,32228,32307,32310,32329,32334,32336,32342,32347,32353,32356,32362,32365,32371,32376,32382,32388,32390,32413],[10,30545,11478,30547,18],{"id":30546},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30548,15103],{},[20,30550,568,30551,30553],{},[15,30552,15103],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30555,30556],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[142,30558,2165],{"id":2164},[46,30560,30562],{"className":48,"code":30561,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30563,30564,30600,30641,30651],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30565,30566,30568,30570,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596,30598],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30567,13357],{"class":61},[55,30569,66],{"class":65},[55,30571,10652],{"class":69},[55,30573,248],{"class":247},[55,30575,7829],{"class":251},[55,30577,248],{"class":247},[55,30579,153],{"class":69},[55,30581,258],{"class":247},[55,30583,13036],{"class":251},[55,30585,248],{"class":247},[55,30587,77],{"class":69},[55,30589,258],{"class":247},[55,30591,9461],{"class":251},[55,30593,248],{"class":247},[55,30595,153],{"class":69},[55,30597,7951],{"class":73},[55,30599,9471],{"class":69},[55,30601,30602,30604,30606,30609,30611,30613,30615,30617,30619,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630,30632,30634,30636,30638],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,30603,17457],{"class":61},[55,30605,44],{"class":69},[55,30607,30608],{"class":99},"update",[55,30610,5688],{"class":69},[55,30612,248],{"class":247},[55,30614,9461],{"class":251},[55,30616,248],{"class":247},[55,30618,153],{"class":69},[55,30620,30621],{"class":73}," 21",[55,30623,77],{"class":69},[55,30625,258],{"class":247},[55,30627,10570],{"class":251},[55,30629,248],{"class":247},[55,30631,153],{"class":69},[55,30633,258],{"class":247},[55,30635,16181],{"class":251},[55,30637,248],{"class":247},[55,30639,30640],{"class":69},"})\n",[55,30642,30643,30645,30647,30649],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,30644,121],{"class":120},[55,30646,103],{"class":69},[55,30648,17457],{"class":99},[55,30650,114],{"class":69},[55,30652,30653],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,30654,30655],{"class":133},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30657,31,30658,30660],{},[15,30659,15103],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[142,30662,145,30664,148],{"id":30663},"what-update-does",[15,30665,15103],{},[20,30667,30668,30670],{},[15,30669,15103],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30672,30673],{},"It can do two main things:",[155,30675,30676,30679],{},[158,30677,30678],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[158,30680,30681],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30683,30684],{},"Important things to know:",[155,30686,30687,30690,30693,30697],{},[158,30688,30689],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[158,30691,30692],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[158,30694,5309,30695],{},[15,30696,172],{},[158,30698,30699],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30701,230],{},[46,30703,30705],{"className":48,"code":30704,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30706,30707,30749,30792],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30708,30709,30711,30713,30715,30717,30719,30721,30723,30725,30728,30730,30732,30734,30736,30738,30740,30742,30745,30747],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30710,13019],{"class":61},[55,30712,66],{"class":65},[55,30714,10652],{"class":69},[55,30716,248],{"class":247},[55,30718,7829],{"class":251},[55,30720,248],{"class":247},[55,30722,153],{"class":69},[55,30724,258],{"class":247},[55,30726,30727],{"class":251},"Mira",[55,30729,248],{"class":247},[55,30731,77],{"class":69},[55,30733,258],{"class":247},[55,30735,20038],{"class":251},[55,30737,248],{"class":247},[55,30739,153],{"class":69},[55,30741,258],{"class":247},[55,30743,30744],{"class":251},"B",[55,30746,248],{"class":247},[55,30748,9471],{"class":69},[55,30750,30751,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771,30773,30775,30777,30779,30781,30783,30785,30788,30790],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,30752,13776],{"class":61},[55,30754,44],{"class":69},[55,30756,30608],{"class":99},[55,30758,5688],{"class":69},[55,30760,248],{"class":247},[55,30762,20038],{"class":251},[55,30764,248],{"class":247},[55,30766,153],{"class":69},[55,30768,258],{"class":247},[55,30770,22392],{"class":251},[55,30772,248],{"class":247},[55,30774,77],{"class":69},[55,30776,258],{"class":247},[55,30778,10570],{"class":251},[55,30780,248],{"class":247},[55,30782,153],{"class":69},[55,30784,258],{"class":247},[55,30786,30787],{"class":251},"Quito",[55,30789,248],{"class":247},[55,30791,30640],{"class":69},[55,30793,30794,30796,30798,30800],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,30795,121],{"class":120},[55,30797,103],{"class":69},[55,30799,13776],{"class":99},[55,30801,114],{"class":69},[20,30803,302],{},[46,30805,30807],{"className":48,"code":30806,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30808,30809],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30810,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30812,9440],{"class":69},[55,30814,315],{"class":247},[55,30816,7829],{"class":251},[55,30818,315],{"class":247},[55,30820,153],{"class":69},[55,30822,324],{"class":247},[55,30824,30727],{"class":251},[55,30826,315],{"class":247},[55,30828,77],{"class":69},[55,30830,324],{"class":247},[55,30832,20038],{"class":251},[55,30834,315],{"class":247},[55,30836,153],{"class":69},[55,30838,324],{"class":247},[55,30840,22392],{"class":251},[55,30842,315],{"class":247},[55,30844,77],{"class":69},[55,30846,324],{"class":247},[55,30848,10570],{"class":251},[55,30850,315],{"class":247},[55,30852,153],{"class":69},[55,30854,324],{"class":247},[55,30856,30787],{"class":251},[55,30858,315],{"class":247},[55,30860,9471],{"class":69},[20,30862,9313,30863,44],{},[36,30864,24773],{"href":9553},[142,30866,2319],{"id":2318},[20,30868,30869],{},"The basic form is:",[46,30871,30873],{"className":48,"code":30872,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30874,30875],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30876,30877,30879,30881,30883,30885,30888],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30878,15754],{"class":61},[55,30880,44],{"class":69},[55,30882,30608],{"class":99},[55,30884,103],{"class":69},[55,30886,30887],{"class":99},"other",[55,30889,114],{"class":69},[20,30891,30892,30894],{},[15,30893,30887],{}," can be:",[155,30896,30897,30900,30903],{},[158,30898,30899],{},"Another dictionary",[158,30901,30902],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[158,30904,30905],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30907,30908],{},"You can also use:",[46,30910,30912],{"className":48,"code":30911,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30913,30914],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30915,30916,30918,30920,30922,30924,30926,30928,30930,30932,30934],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30917,15754],{"class":61},[55,30919,44],{"class":69},[55,30921,30608],{"class":99},[55,30923,103],{"class":69},[55,30925,7829],{"class":9337},[55,30927,66],{"class":65},[55,30929,248],{"class":247},[55,30931,7838],{"class":251},[55,30933,248],{"class":247},[55,30935,114],{"class":69},[20,30937,30938],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30940,230],{},[46,30942,30944],{"className":48,"code":30943,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30945,30946,30966,30988],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30947,30948,30950,30952,30954,30956,30958,30960,30962,30964],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30949,9327],{"class":61},[55,30951,66],{"class":65},[55,30953,10652],{"class":69},[55,30955,248],{"class":247},[55,30957,36],{"class":251},[55,30959,248],{"class":247},[55,30961,153],{"class":69},[55,30963,630],{"class":73},[55,30965,9471],{"class":69},[55,30967,30968,30970,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984,30986],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,30969,9366],{"class":61},[55,30971,44],{"class":69},[55,30973,30608],{"class":99},[55,30975,5688],{"class":69},[55,30977,248],{"class":247},[55,30979,36],{"class":251},[55,30981,248],{"class":247},[55,30983,153],{"class":69},[55,30985,6162],{"class":73},[55,30987,30640],{"class":69},[55,30989,30990,30992,30994,30996],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,30991,121],{"class":120},[55,30993,103],{"class":69},[55,30995,9366],{"class":99},[55,30997,114],{"class":69},[20,30999,302],{},[46,31001,31003],{"className":48,"code":31002,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31004,31005],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31006,31007,31009,31011,31013,31015,31017,31019],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31008,9440],{"class":69},[55,31010,315],{"class":247},[55,31012,36],{"class":251},[55,31014,315],{"class":247},[55,31016,153],{"class":69},[55,31018,6162],{"class":73},[55,31020,9471],{"class":69},[142,31022,8578,31024,31026],{"id":31023},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31025,15103],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31028,31029,31030,44],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31031,15103],{},[20,31033,31034],{},"It is useful when:",[155,31036,31037,31040,31043],{},[158,31038,31039],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[158,31041,31042],{},"Adding extra settings",[158,31044,31045],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31047,230],{},[46,31049,31051],{"className":48,"code":31050,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31052,31053,31090,31127,31131,31146],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31054,31055,31057,31059,31061,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31088],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31056,13976],{"class":61},[55,31058,66],{"class":65},[55,31060,10652],{"class":69},[55,31062,248],{"class":247},[55,31064,12651],{"class":251},[55,31066,248],{"class":247},[55,31068,153],{"class":69},[55,31070,258],{"class":247},[55,31072,21074],{"class":251},[55,31074,248],{"class":247},[55,31076,77],{"class":69},[55,31078,258],{"class":247},[55,31080,14001],{"class":251},[55,31082,248],{"class":247},[55,31084,153],{"class":69},[55,31086,31087],{"class":73}," 12",[55,31089,9471],{"class":69},[55,31091,31092,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,31093,31094],{"class":61},"new_settings ",[55,31096,66],{"class":65},[55,31098,10652],{"class":69},[55,31100,248],{"class":247},[55,31102,14001],{"class":251},[55,31104,248],{"class":247},[55,31106,153],{"class":69},[55,31108,14008],{"class":73},[55,31110,77],{"class":69},[55,31112,258],{"class":247},[55,31114,20270],{"class":251},[55,31116,248],{"class":247},[55,31118,153],{"class":69},[55,31120,258],{"class":247},[55,31122,20304],{"class":251},[55,31124,248],{"class":247},[55,31126,9471],{"class":69},[55,31128,31129],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,31130,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,31132,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141,31144],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,31134,14035],{"class":61},[55,31136,44],{"class":69},[55,31138,30608],{"class":99},[55,31140,103],{"class":69},[55,31142,31143],{"class":99},"new_settings",[55,31145,114],{"class":69},[55,31147,31148,31150,31152,31154],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,31149,121],{"class":120},[55,31151,103],{"class":69},[55,31153,14035],{"class":99},[55,31155,114],{"class":69},[20,31157,302],{},[46,31159,31161],{"className":48,"code":31160,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31162,31163],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31164,31165,31167,31169,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183,31185,31187,31189,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207,31209],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31166,9440],{"class":69},[55,31168,315],{"class":247},[55,31170,12651],{"class":251},[55,31172,315],{"class":247},[55,31174,153],{"class":69},[55,31176,324],{"class":247},[55,31178,21074],{"class":251},[55,31180,315],{"class":247},[55,31182,77],{"class":69},[55,31184,324],{"class":247},[55,31186,14001],{"class":251},[55,31188,315],{"class":247},[55,31190,153],{"class":69},[55,31192,14008],{"class":73},[55,31194,77],{"class":69},[55,31196,324],{"class":247},[55,31198,20270],{"class":251},[55,31200,315],{"class":247},[55,31202,153],{"class":69},[55,31204,324],{"class":247},[55,31206,20304],{"class":251},[55,31208,315],{"class":247},[55,31210,9471],{"class":69},[20,31212,13560],{},[155,31214,31215,31220],{},[158,31216,31217,31219],{},[15,31218,14001],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[158,31221,31222,31224],{},[15,31223,20270],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31226,31227,31228,44],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[36,31229,31231],{"href":31230},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[142,31233,8578,31235,31237],{"id":31234},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31236,15103],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31239,31240,31242],{},[15,31241,15103],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31244,31245],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[46,31247,31249],{"className":48,"code":31248,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31250,31251,31271,31306,31310,31324],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31252,31253,31255,31257,31259,31261,31263,31265,31267,31269],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31254,5224],{"class":61},[55,31256,66],{"class":65},[55,31258,10652],{"class":69},[55,31260,248],{"class":247},[55,31262,18564],{"class":251},[55,31264,248],{"class":247},[55,31266,153],{"class":69},[55,31268,20045],{"class":73},[55,31270,9471],{"class":69},[55,31272,31273,31275,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293,31295,31298,31300,31302,31304],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,31274,9377],{"class":61},[55,31276,66],{"class":65},[55,31278,9382],{"class":69},[55,31280,248],{"class":247},[55,31282,18573],{"class":251},[55,31284,248],{"class":247},[55,31286,77],{"class":69},[55,31288,13658],{"class":73},[55,31290,9395],{"class":69},[55,31292,9398],{"class":69},[55,31294,248],{"class":247},[55,31296,31297],{"class":251},"english",[55,31299,248],{"class":247},[55,31301,77],{"class":69},[55,31303,29065],{"class":73},[55,31305,9411],{"class":69},[55,31307,31308],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,31309,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,31311,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,31313,16539],{"class":61},[55,31315,44],{"class":69},[55,31317,30608],{"class":99},[55,31319,103],{"class":69},[55,31321,9424],{"class":99},[55,31323,114],{"class":69},[55,31325,31326,31328,31330,31332],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,31327,121],{"class":120},[55,31329,103],{"class":69},[55,31331,16539],{"class":99},[55,31333,114],{"class":69},[20,31335,302],{},[46,31337,31339],{"className":48,"code":31338,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31340,31341],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31342,31343,31345,31347,31349,31351,31353,31355,31357,31359,31361,31363,31365,31367,31369,31371,31373,31375,31377,31379],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31344,9440],{"class":69},[55,31346,315],{"class":247},[55,31348,18564],{"class":251},[55,31350,315],{"class":247},[55,31352,153],{"class":69},[55,31354,20045],{"class":73},[55,31356,77],{"class":69},[55,31358,324],{"class":247},[55,31360,18573],{"class":251},[55,31362,315],{"class":247},[55,31364,153],{"class":69},[55,31366,13658],{"class":73},[55,31368,77],{"class":69},[55,31370,324],{"class":247},[55,31372,31297],{"class":251},[55,31374,315],{"class":247},[55,31376,153],{"class":69},[55,31378,29065],{"class":73},[55,31380,9471],{"class":69},[20,31382,31383],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[155,31385,31386,31389],{},[158,31387,31388],{},"The key",[158,31390,31391],{},"The value",[20,31393,31394],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31396,31397],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[46,31399,31401],{"className":48,"code":31400,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31402,31403,31423,31448,31452],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31404,31405,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419,31421],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31406,9327],{"class":61},[55,31408,66],{"class":65},[55,31410,10652],{"class":69},[55,31412,248],{"class":247},[55,31414,36],{"class":251},[55,31416,248],{"class":247},[55,31418,153],{"class":69},[55,31420,630],{"class":73},[55,31422,9471],{"class":69},[55,31424,31425,31428,31430,31432,31434,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,31426,31427],{"class":61},"bad_pairs ",[55,31429,66],{"class":65},[55,31431,9382],{"class":69},[55,31433,248],{"class":247},[55,31435,285],{"class":251},[55,31437,248],{"class":247},[55,31439,77],{"class":69},[55,31441,80],{"class":73},[55,31443,77],{"class":69},[55,31445,111],{"class":73},[55,31447,9411],{"class":69},[55,31449,31450],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,31451,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,31453,31454,31456,31458,31460,31462,31465],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,31455,9366],{"class":61},[55,31457,44],{"class":69},[55,31459,30608],{"class":99},[55,31461,103],{"class":69},[55,31463,31464],{"class":99},"bad_pairs",[55,31466,114],{"class":69},[20,31468,31469],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31471,31472],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[142,31474,31476],{"id":31475},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31478,31479],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[46,31481,31483],{"className":48,"code":31482,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31484,31485,31509,31541],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31486,31487,31489,31491,31493,31495,31497,31499,31501,31503,31505,31507],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31488,11647],{"class":61},[55,31490,66],{"class":65},[55,31492,10652],{"class":69},[55,31494,248],{"class":247},[55,31496,7829],{"class":251},[55,31498,248],{"class":247},[55,31500,153],{"class":69},[55,31502,258],{"class":247},[55,31504,29058],{"class":251},[55,31506,248],{"class":247},[55,31508,9471],{"class":69},[55,31510,31511,31513,31515,31517,31519,31521,31523,31525,31527,31530,31532,31534,31537,31539],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,31512,11740],{"class":61},[55,31514,44],{"class":69},[55,31516,30608],{"class":99},[55,31518,103],{"class":69},[55,31520,9461],{"class":9337},[55,31522,66],{"class":65},[55,31524,9355],{"class":73},[55,31526,77],{"class":69},[55,31528,31529],{"class":9337}," city",[55,31531,66],{"class":65},[55,31533,248],{"class":247},[55,31535,31536],{"class":251},"Madrid",[55,31538,248],{"class":247},[55,31540,114],{"class":69},[55,31542,31543,31545,31547,31549],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,31544,121],{"class":120},[55,31546,103],{"class":69},[55,31548,11740],{"class":99},[55,31550,114],{"class":69},[20,31552,302],{},[46,31554,31556],{"className":48,"code":31555,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31557,31558],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31559,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584,31586,31588,31590,31592,31594,31596,31598,31600,31602,31604],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31561,9440],{"class":69},[55,31563,315],{"class":247},[55,31565,7829],{"class":251},[55,31567,315],{"class":247},[55,31569,153],{"class":69},[55,31571,324],{"class":247},[55,31573,29058],{"class":251},[55,31575,315],{"class":247},[55,31577,77],{"class":69},[55,31579,324],{"class":247},[55,31581,9461],{"class":251},[55,31583,315],{"class":247},[55,31585,153],{"class":69},[55,31587,9468],{"class":73},[55,31589,77],{"class":69},[55,31591,324],{"class":247},[55,31593,10570],{"class":251},[55,31595,315],{"class":247},[55,31597,153],{"class":69},[55,31599,324],{"class":247},[55,31601,31536],{"class":251},[55,31603,315],{"class":247},[55,31605,9471],{"class":69},[20,31607,31608],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31610,31611],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31613,31614],{},"These work:",[155,31616,31617,31621,31625],{},[158,31618,31619],{},[15,31620,9461],{},[158,31622,31623],{},[15,31624,10570],{},[158,31626,31627],{},[15,31628,31629],{},"first_name",[20,31631,31632],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[155,31634,31635,31640],{},[158,31636,31637],{},[15,31638,31639],{},"\"first name\"",[158,31641,31642],{},[15,31643,31644],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31646,31647],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[46,31649,31651],{"className":48,"code":31650,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31652,31653,31661,31701],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31654,31655,31657,31659],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31656,11647],{"class":61},[55,31658,66],{"class":65},[55,31660,10000],{"class":69},[55,31662,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683,31685,31687,31689,31692,31694,31696,31699],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,31664,11740],{"class":61},[55,31666,44],{"class":69},[55,31668,30608],{"class":99},[55,31670,5688],{"class":69},[55,31672,248],{"class":247},[55,31674,10674],{"class":251},[55,31676,248],{"class":247},[55,31678,153],{"class":69},[55,31680,258],{"class":247},[55,31682,29058],{"class":251},[55,31684,248],{"class":247},[55,31686,77],{"class":69},[55,31688,258],{"class":247},[55,31690,31691],{"class":251},"user-id",[55,31693,248],{"class":247},[55,31695,153],{"class":69},[55,31697,31698],{"class":73}," 1001",[55,31700,30640],{"class":69},[55,31702,31703,31705,31707,31709],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,31704,121],{"class":120},[55,31706,103],{"class":69},[55,31708,11740],{"class":99},[55,31710,114],{"class":69},[142,31712,17569],{"id":17568},[20,31714,31715,2558,31717,44],{},[15,31716,15103],{},[15,31718,172],{},[20,31720,14199],{},[20,31722,24853],{},[46,31724,31726],{"className":48,"code":31725,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31727,31728,31752,31778,31782,31792],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31729,31730,31732,31734,31736,31738,31740,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31731,13357],{"class":61},[55,31733,66],{"class":65},[55,31735,10652],{"class":69},[55,31737,248],{"class":247},[55,31739,7829],{"class":251},[55,31741,248],{"class":247},[55,31743,153],{"class":69},[55,31745,258],{"class":247},[55,31747,13036],{"class":251},[55,31749,248],{"class":247},[55,31751,9471],{"class":69},[55,31753,31754,31756,31758,31760,31762,31764,31766,31768,31770,31772,31774,31776],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,31755,1255],{"class":61},[55,31757,66],{"class":65},[55,31759,13400],{"class":61},[55,31761,44],{"class":69},[55,31763,30608],{"class":99},[55,31765,5688],{"class":69},[55,31767,248],{"class":247},[55,31769,9461],{"class":251},[55,31771,248],{"class":247},[55,31773,153],{"class":69},[55,31775,7951],{"class":73},[55,31777,30640],{"class":69},[55,31779,31780],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,31781,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,31783,31784,31786,31788,31790],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,31785,121],{"class":120},[55,31787,103],{"class":69},[55,31789,1288],{"class":99},[55,31791,114],{"class":69},[55,31793,31794,31796,31798,31800],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,31795,121],{"class":120},[55,31797,103],{"class":69},[55,31799,17457],{"class":99},[55,31801,114],{"class":69},[20,31803,302],{},[46,31805,31807],{"className":48,"code":31806,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31808,31809,31813],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31810,31811],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31812,1313],{"class":1312},[55,31814,31815,31817,31819,31821,31823,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833,31835,31837,31839,31841,31843],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,31816,9440],{"class":69},[55,31818,315],{"class":247},[55,31820,7829],{"class":251},[55,31822,315],{"class":247},[55,31824,153],{"class":69},[55,31826,324],{"class":247},[55,31828,13036],{"class":251},[55,31830,315],{"class":247},[55,31832,77],{"class":69},[55,31834,324],{"class":247},[55,31836,9461],{"class":251},[55,31838,315],{"class":247},[55,31840,153],{"class":69},[55,31842,7951],{"class":73},[55,31844,9471],{"class":69},[20,31846,16805],{},[46,31848,31850],{"className":48,"code":31849,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31851,31852,31876,31898,31902],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31853,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866,31868,31870,31872,31874],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31855,13357],{"class":61},[55,31857,66],{"class":65},[55,31859,10652],{"class":69},[55,31861,248],{"class":247},[55,31863,7829],{"class":251},[55,31865,248],{"class":247},[55,31867,153],{"class":69},[55,31869,258],{"class":247},[55,31871,13036],{"class":251},[55,31873,248],{"class":247},[55,31875,9471],{"class":69},[55,31877,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,31879,17457],{"class":61},[55,31881,44],{"class":69},[55,31883,30608],{"class":99},[55,31885,5688],{"class":69},[55,31887,248],{"class":247},[55,31889,9461],{"class":251},[55,31891,248],{"class":247},[55,31893,153],{"class":69},[55,31895,7951],{"class":73},[55,31897,30640],{"class":69},[55,31899,31900],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,31901,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,31903,31904,31906,31908,31910],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,31905,121],{"class":120},[55,31907,103],{"class":69},[55,31909,17457],{"class":99},[55,31911,114],{"class":69},[20,31913,302],{},[46,31915,31917],{"className":48,"code":31916,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31918,31919],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31920,31921,31923,31925,31927,31929,31931,31933,31935,31937,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31922,9440],{"class":69},[55,31924,315],{"class":247},[55,31926,7829],{"class":251},[55,31928,315],{"class":247},[55,31930,153],{"class":69},[55,31932,324],{"class":247},[55,31934,13036],{"class":251},[55,31936,315],{"class":247},[55,31938,77],{"class":69},[55,31940,324],{"class":247},[55,31942,9461],{"class":251},[55,31944,315],{"class":247},[55,31946,153],{"class":69},[55,31948,7951],{"class":73},[55,31950,9471],{"class":69},[20,31952,31953,31954,44],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[36,31955,18053],{"href":10891},[142,31957,1937,31959],{"id":31958},"when-to-use-update",[15,31960,15103],{},[20,31962,31,31963,993],{},[15,31964,15103],{},[155,31966,31967,31970,31973,31976],{},[158,31968,31969],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[158,31971,31972],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[158,31974,31975],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[158,31977,31978],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31980,31981],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[46,31983,31985],{"className":48,"code":31984,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31986,31987,32023,32038,32042,32081,32085,32095],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31988,31989,31991,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001,32003,32005,32007,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31990,12242],{"class":61},[55,31992,66],{"class":65},[55,31994,10652],{"class":69},[55,31996,248],{"class":247},[55,31998,7829],{"class":251},[55,32000,248],{"class":247},[55,32002,153],{"class":69},[55,32004,258],{"class":247},[55,32006,13036],{"class":251},[55,32008,248],{"class":247},[55,32010,77],{"class":69},[55,32012,258],{"class":247},[55,32014,9461],{"class":251},[55,32016,248],{"class":247},[55,32018,153],{"class":69},[55,32020,7951],{"class":73},[55,32022,9471],{"class":69},[55,32024,32025,32028,32030,32032,32034,32036],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,32026,32027],{"class":61},"updated ",[55,32029,66],{"class":65},[55,32031,12317],{"class":61},[55,32033,44],{"class":69},[55,32035,13067],{"class":99},[55,32037,8804],{"class":69},[55,32039,32040],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,32041,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,32043,32044,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075,32077,32079],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,32045,32046],{"class":61},"updated",[55,32048,44],{"class":69},[55,32050,30608],{"class":99},[55,32052,5688],{"class":69},[55,32054,248],{"class":247},[55,32056,9461],{"class":251},[55,32058,248],{"class":247},[55,32060,153],{"class":69},[55,32062,30621],{"class":73},[55,32064,77],{"class":69},[55,32066,258],{"class":247},[55,32068,10570],{"class":251},[55,32070,248],{"class":247},[55,32072,153],{"class":69},[55,32074,258],{"class":247},[55,32076,16181],{"class":251},[55,32078,248],{"class":247},[55,32080,30640],{"class":69},[55,32082,32083],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,32084,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,32086,32087,32089,32091,32093],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,32088,121],{"class":120},[55,32090,103],{"class":69},[55,32092,12289],{"class":99},[55,32094,114],{"class":69},[55,32096,32097,32099,32101,32103],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,32098,121],{"class":120},[55,32100,103],{"class":69},[55,32102,32046],{"class":99},[55,32104,114],{"class":69},[20,32106,302],{},[46,32108,32110],{"className":48,"code":32109,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32111,32112,32144],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32113,32114,32116,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136,32138,32140,32142],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32115,9440],{"class":69},[55,32117,315],{"class":247},[55,32119,7829],{"class":251},[55,32121,315],{"class":247},[55,32123,153],{"class":69},[55,32125,324],{"class":247},[55,32127,13036],{"class":251},[55,32129,315],{"class":247},[55,32131,77],{"class":69},[55,32133,324],{"class":247},[55,32135,9461],{"class":251},[55,32137,315],{"class":247},[55,32139,153],{"class":69},[55,32141,7951],{"class":73},[55,32143,9471],{"class":69},[55,32145,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158,32160,32162,32164,32166,32168,32170,32172,32174,32176,32178,32180,32182,32184,32186,32188,32190],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,32147,9440],{"class":69},[55,32149,315],{"class":247},[55,32151,7829],{"class":251},[55,32153,315],{"class":247},[55,32155,153],{"class":69},[55,32157,324],{"class":247},[55,32159,13036],{"class":251},[55,32161,315],{"class":247},[55,32163,77],{"class":69},[55,32165,324],{"class":247},[55,32167,9461],{"class":251},[55,32169,315],{"class":247},[55,32171,153],{"class":69},[55,32173,30621],{"class":73},[55,32175,77],{"class":69},[55,32177,324],{"class":247},[55,32179,10570],{"class":251},[55,32181,315],{"class":247},[55,32183,153],{"class":69},[55,32185,324],{"class":247},[55,32187,16181],{"class":251},[55,32189,315],{"class":247},[55,32191,9471],{"class":69},[20,32193,32194,32195,44],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[36,32196,16748],{"href":16747},[142,32198,2992],{"id":2991},[20,32200,10907,32201,153],{},[15,32202,15103],{},[155,32204,32205,32212,32216,32219,32222],{},[158,32206,1220,32207,32209,32210],{},[15,32208,15103],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32211,172],{},[158,32213,1553,32214,12758],{},[15,32215,15103],{},[158,32217,32218],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[158,32220,32221],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[158,32223,32224],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32226,32227],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[46,32229,32231],{"className":48,"code":32230,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32232,32233,32243,32257,32271,32293],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32234,32235,32237,32239,32241],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32236,121],{"class":120},[55,32238,103],{"class":69},[55,32240,11608],{"class":99},[55,32242,114],{"class":69},[55,32244,32245,32247,32249,32251,32253,32255],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,32246,121],{"class":120},[55,32248,103],{"class":69},[55,32250,1910],{"class":1898},[55,32252,103],{"class":69},[55,32254,9366],{"class":99},[55,32256,1867],{"class":69},[55,32258,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,32260,121],{"class":120},[55,32262,103],{"class":69},[55,32264,1899],{"class":1898},[55,32266,103],{"class":69},[55,32268,9366],{"class":99},[55,32270,1867],{"class":69},[55,32272,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289,32291],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,32274,121],{"class":120},[55,32276,103],{"class":69},[55,32278,11608],{"class":99},[55,32280,44],{"class":69},[55,32282,19897],{"class":99},[55,32284,103],{"class":69},[55,32286,315],{"class":247},[55,32288,14990],{"class":251},[55,32290,315],{"class":247},[55,32292,1867],{"class":69},[55,32294,32295,32297,32299,32301,32303,32305],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,32296,1893],{"class":120},[55,32298,103],{"class":69},[55,32300,8983],{"class":1898},[55,32302,44],{"class":69},[55,32304,30608],{"class":1880},[55,32306,114],{"class":69},[20,32308,32309],{},"These can help you check:",[155,32311,32312,32315,32320,32323,32326],{},[158,32313,32314],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[158,32316,32317,32318],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32319,15103],{},[158,32321,32322],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[158,32324,32325],{},"Whether a key exists",[158,32327,32328],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32330,32331,32332,44],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[36,32333,11422],{"href":11234},[142,32335,1986],{"id":1985},[577,32337,1990,32339,32341],{"id":32338},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32340,15103],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32343,32344,32345,44],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32346,172],{},[577,32348,1990,32350,32352],{"id":32349},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32351,15103],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32354,32355],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[577,32357,2009,32359,32361],{"id":32358},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32360,15103],{}," add new keys?",[20,32363,32364],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[577,32366,28473,32368,32370],{"id":32367},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32369,15103],{}," with a list?",[20,32372,32373,32374,44],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32375,11255],{},[577,32377,2022,32379,32381],{"id":32378},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32380,15103],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32383,32384,32385,32387],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32386,15103],{}," can change many keys at once.",[142,32389,2039],{"id":2038},[155,32391,32392,32396,32400,32405,32409],{},[158,32393,32394],{},[36,32395,26239],{"href":9553},[158,32397,32398],{},[36,32399,11411],{"href":10891},[158,32401,32402],{},[36,32403,32404],{"href":31230},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[158,32406,32407],{},[36,32408,21604],{"href":16747},[158,32410,32411],{},[36,32412,11422],{"href":11234},[2080,32414,32415],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":32417},[32418,32419,32421,32422,32424,32426,32427,32428,32430,32431,32443],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":30663,"depth":91,"text":32420},"What update() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":31023,"depth":91,"text":32423},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31234,"depth":91,"text":32425},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31475,"depth":91,"text":31476},{"id":17568,"depth":91,"text":17569},{"id":31958,"depth":91,"text":32429},"When to use update()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":32432},[32433,32435,32437,32439,32441],{"id":32338,"depth":117,"text":32434},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32349,"depth":117,"text":32436},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32358,"depth":117,"text":32438},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32367,"depth":117,"text":32440},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32378,"depth":117,"text":32442},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30541,"description":32444},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32450,"title":32451,"body":32452,"description":34439,"extension":2124,"meta":34440,"navigation":428,"path":23040,"seo":34441,"stem":34442,"__hash__":34443},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32453,"toc":34402},[32454,32459,32466,32469,32471,32570,32572,32627,32632,32637,32651,32656,32658,32673,32675,32689,32702,32707,32713,32720,32722,32829,32831,32880,32886,32961,32963,32984,32986,32989,33094,33096,33151,33153,33181,33185,33190,33269,33271,33291,33293,33304,33314,33318,33323,33426,33428,33453,33456,33467,33472,33481,33484,33501,33503,33590,33592,33655,33657,33680,33682,33687,33693,33698,33700,33739,33745,33748,33767,33777,33783,33786,33859,33861,33880,33885,33888,33911,33917,33920,33984,33987,34064,34071,34074,34133,34139,34141,34160,34164,34167,34218,34221,34241,34243,34304,34306,34311,34316,34321,34326,34331,34336,34342,34345,34354,34362,34364,34399],[10,32455,11478,32457,18],{"id":32456},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32458,17221],{},[20,32460,32461,32462,32465],{},"The Python ",[15,32463,32464],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32467,32468],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[142,32470,2165],{"id":2164},[46,32472,32474],{"className":48,"code":32473,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32475,32476,32528,32542,32546,32556],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32477,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502,32504,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32479,13019],{"class":61},[55,32481,66],{"class":65},[55,32483,10652],{"class":69},[55,32485,248],{"class":247},[55,32487,7829],{"class":251},[55,32489,248],{"class":247},[55,32491,153],{"class":69},[55,32493,258],{"class":247},[55,32495,13036],{"class":251},[55,32497,248],{"class":247},[55,32499,77],{"class":69},[55,32501,258],{"class":247},[55,32503,9461],{"class":251},[55,32505,248],{"class":247},[55,32507,153],{"class":69},[55,32509,7951],{"class":73},[55,32511,77],{"class":69},[55,32513,258],{"class":247},[55,32515,10570],{"class":251},[55,32517,248],{"class":247},[55,32519,153],{"class":69},[55,32521,258],{"class":247},[55,32523,16181],{"class":251},[55,32525,248],{"class":247},[55,32527,9471],{"class":69},[55,32529,32530,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,32531,3986],{"class":61},[55,32533,66],{"class":65},[55,32535,13062],{"class":61},[55,32537,44],{"class":69},[55,32539,5519],{"class":99},[55,32541,8804],{"class":69},[55,32543,32544],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,32545,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,32547,32548,32550,32552,32554],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,32549,121],{"class":120},[55,32551,103],{"class":69},[55,32553,5519],{"class":99},[55,32555,114],{"class":69},[55,32557,32558,32560,32562,32564,32566,32568],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,32559,121],{"class":120},[55,32561,103],{"class":69},[55,32563,1899],{"class":1898},[55,32565,103],{"class":69},[55,32567,5519],{"class":99},[55,32569,1867],{"class":69},[20,32571,302],{},[46,32573,32575],{"className":48,"code":32574,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32576,32577,32603],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32578,32579,32581,32583,32585,32587,32589,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599,32601],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32580,17187],{"class":99},[55,32582,3149],{"class":69},[55,32584,315],{"class":247},[55,32586,13036],{"class":251},[55,32588,315],{"class":247},[55,32590,77],{"class":69},[55,32592,7951],{"class":73},[55,32594,77],{"class":69},[55,32596,324],{"class":247},[55,32598,16181],{"class":251},[55,32600,315],{"class":247},[55,32602,1777],{"class":69},[55,32604,32605,32607,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,32606,312],{"class":69},[55,32608,315],{"class":247},[55,32610,13036],{"class":251},[55,32612,315],{"class":247},[55,32614,77],{"class":69},[55,32616,7951],{"class":73},[55,32618,77],{"class":69},[55,32620,324],{"class":247},[55,32622,16181],{"class":251},[55,32624,315],{"class":247},[55,32626,88],{"class":69},[20,32628,32629,32631],{},[15,32630,17221],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[142,32633,145,32635,148],{"id":32634},"what-values-does",[15,32636,17221],{},[155,32638,32639,32642,32645,32648],{},[158,32640,32641],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[158,32643,32644],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[158,32646,32647],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[158,32649,32650],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32652,32653,32654,44],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[36,32655,9554],{"href":9553},[142,32657,2319],{"id":2318},[46,32659,32661],{"className":48,"code":32660,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32662,32663],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32664,32665,32667,32669,32671],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32666,11608],{"class":61},[55,32668,44],{"class":69},[55,32670,5519],{"class":99},[55,32672,8804],{"class":69},[20,32674,13208],{},[155,32676,32677,32681,32684],{},[158,32678,32679,11624],{},[15,32680,17221],{},[158,32682,32683],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[158,32685,32686,32687],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32688,17221],{},[20,32690,32691,32692,352,32697,44],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[36,32693,32694,32696],{"href":17212},[15,32695,17215],{}," for dictionary keys",[36,32698,32699,32701],{"href":17225},[15,32700,17228],{}," for key-value pairs",[142,32703,145,32705,11862],{"id":32704},"what-values-returns",[15,32706,17221],{},[20,32708,32709,22122,32711,24908],{},[15,32710,17221],{},[15,32712,17187],{},[20,32714,32715,32716,32719],{},"This object is a ",[1966,32717,32718],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32721,230],{},[46,32723,32725],{"className":48,"code":32724,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32726,32727,32763,32767,32782,32793,32797,32819],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32728,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737,32739,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749,32751,32753,32755,32757,32759,32761],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32730,13357],{"class":61},[55,32732,66],{"class":65},[55,32734,10652],{"class":69},[55,32736,248],{"class":247},[55,32738,7829],{"class":251},[55,32740,248],{"class":247},[55,32742,153],{"class":69},[55,32744,258],{"class":247},[55,32746,8082],{"class":251},[55,32748,248],{"class":247},[55,32750,77],{"class":69},[55,32752,258],{"class":247},[55,32754,9461],{"class":251},[55,32756,248],{"class":247},[55,32758,153],{"class":69},[55,32760,9468],{"class":73},[55,32762,9471],{"class":69},[55,32764,32765],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,32766,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,32768,32769,32772,32774,32776,32778,32780],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,32770,32771],{"class":61},"values_view ",[55,32773,66],{"class":65},[55,32775,13400],{"class":61},[55,32777,44],{"class":69},[55,32779,5519],{"class":99},[55,32781,8804],{"class":69},[55,32783,32784,32786,32788,32791],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,32785,121],{"class":120},[55,32787,103],{"class":69},[55,32789,32790],{"class":99},"values_view",[55,32792,114],{"class":69},[55,32794,32795],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,32796,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,32798,32799,32801,32803,32805,32807,32809,32811,32813,32815,32817],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,32800,17457],{"class":61},[55,32802,312],{"class":69},[55,32804,248],{"class":247},[55,32806,10570],{"class":251},[55,32808,248],{"class":247},[55,32810,1680],{"class":69},[55,32812,1683],{"class":65},[55,32814,258],{"class":247},[55,32816,30787],{"class":251},[55,32818,3522],{"class":247},[55,32820,32821,32823,32825,32827],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,32822,121],{"class":120},[55,32824,103],{"class":69},[55,32826,32790],{"class":99},[55,32828,114],{"class":69},[20,32830,302],{},[46,32832,32834],{"className":48,"code":32833,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32835,32836,32854],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32837,32838,32840,32842,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32839,17187],{"class":99},[55,32841,3149],{"class":69},[55,32843,315],{"class":247},[55,32845,8082],{"class":251},[55,32847,315],{"class":247},[55,32849,77],{"class":69},[55,32851,9468],{"class":73},[55,32853,1777],{"class":69},[55,32855,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,32857,17187],{"class":99},[55,32859,3149],{"class":69},[55,32861,315],{"class":247},[55,32863,8082],{"class":251},[55,32865,315],{"class":247},[55,32867,77],{"class":69},[55,32869,9468],{"class":73},[55,32871,77],{"class":69},[55,32873,324],{"class":247},[55,32875,30787],{"class":251},[55,32877,315],{"class":247},[55,32879,1777],{"class":69},[20,32881,32882,32883,44],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32884,32885],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[46,32887,32889],{"className":48,"code":32888,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32890,32891,32927,32946,32950],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32892,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905,32907,32909,32911,32913,32915,32917,32919,32921,32923,32925],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32894,13357],{"class":61},[55,32896,66],{"class":65},[55,32898,10652],{"class":69},[55,32900,248],{"class":247},[55,32902,7829],{"class":251},[55,32904,248],{"class":247},[55,32906,153],{"class":69},[55,32908,258],{"class":247},[55,32910,8082],{"class":251},[55,32912,248],{"class":247},[55,32914,77],{"class":69},[55,32916,258],{"class":247},[55,32918,9461],{"class":251},[55,32920,248],{"class":247},[55,32922,153],{"class":69},[55,32924,9468],{"class":73},[55,32926,9471],{"class":69},[55,32928,32929,32932,32934,32936,32938,32940,32942,32944],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,32930,32931],{"class":61},"values_list ",[55,32933,66],{"class":65},[55,32935,22705],{"class":1898},[55,32937,103],{"class":69},[55,32939,17457],{"class":99},[55,32941,44],{"class":69},[55,32943,5519],{"class":99},[55,32945,7354],{"class":69},[55,32947,32948],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,32949,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,32951,32952,32954,32956,32959],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,32953,121],{"class":120},[55,32955,103],{"class":69},[55,32957,32958],{"class":99},"values_list",[55,32960,114],{"class":69},[20,32962,302],{},[46,32964,32966],{"className":48,"code":32965,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32967,32968],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32969,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32971,312],{"class":69},[55,32973,315],{"class":247},[55,32975,8082],{"class":251},[55,32977,315],{"class":247},[55,32979,77],{"class":69},[55,32981,9468],{"class":73},[55,32983,88],{"class":69},[142,32985,11634],{"id":11633},[20,32987,32988],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[46,32990,32992],{"className":48,"code":32991,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32993,32994,33048,33052,33066,33070,33080],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32995,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004,33006,33008,33010,33012,33014,33016,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026,33029,33031,33033,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044,33046],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32997,24940],{"class":61},[55,32999,66],{"class":65},[55,33001,10652],{"class":69},[55,33003,248],{"class":247},[55,33005,24949],{"class":251},[55,33007,248],{"class":247},[55,33009,153],{"class":69},[55,33011,258],{"class":247},[55,33013,24958],{"class":251},[55,33015,248],{"class":247},[55,33017,77],{"class":69},[55,33019,258],{"class":247},[55,33021,24967],{"class":251},[55,33023,248],{"class":247},[55,33025,153],{"class":69},[55,33027,33028],{"class":73}," 2022",[55,33030,77],{"class":69},[55,33032,258],{"class":247},[55,33034,33035],{"class":251},"color",[55,33037,248],{"class":247},[55,33039,153],{"class":69},[55,33041,258],{"class":247},[55,33043,390],{"class":251},[55,33045,248],{"class":247},[55,33047,9471],{"class":69},[55,33049,33050],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,33051,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,33053,33054,33056,33058,33060,33062,33064],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,33055,1255],{"class":61},[55,33057,66],{"class":65},[55,33059,24989],{"class":61},[55,33061,44],{"class":69},[55,33063,5519],{"class":99},[55,33065,8804],{"class":69},[55,33067,33068],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,33069,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,33071,33072,33074,33076,33078],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,33073,121],{"class":120},[55,33075,103],{"class":69},[55,33077,1288],{"class":99},[55,33079,114],{"class":69},[55,33081,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,33083,121],{"class":120},[55,33085,103],{"class":69},[55,33087,1899],{"class":1898},[55,33089,103],{"class":69},[55,33091,1288],{"class":99},[55,33093,1867],{"class":69},[20,33095,302],{},[46,33097,33099],{"className":48,"code":33098,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33100,33101,33127],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33102,33103,33105,33107,33109,33111,33113,33115,33117,33119,33121,33123,33125],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33104,17187],{"class":99},[55,33106,3149],{"class":69},[55,33108,315],{"class":247},[55,33110,24958],{"class":251},[55,33112,315],{"class":247},[55,33114,77],{"class":69},[55,33116,33028],{"class":73},[55,33118,77],{"class":69},[55,33120,324],{"class":247},[55,33122,390],{"class":251},[55,33124,315],{"class":247},[55,33126,1777],{"class":69},[55,33128,33129,33131,33133,33135,33137,33139,33141,33143,33145,33147,33149],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,33130,312],{"class":69},[55,33132,315],{"class":247},[55,33134,24958],{"class":251},[55,33136,315],{"class":247},[55,33138,77],{"class":69},[55,33140,33028],{"class":73},[55,33142,77],{"class":69},[55,33144,324],{"class":247},[55,33146,390],{"class":251},[55,33148,315],{"class":247},[55,33150,88],{"class":69},[20,33152,11840],{},[155,33154,33155,33161,33167,33175],{},[158,33156,33157,33160],{},[15,33158,33159],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[158,33162,33163,33166],{},[15,33164,33165],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[158,33168,33169,33172,33173,24762],{},[15,33170,33171],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33174,17187],{},[158,33176,33177,33180],{},[15,33178,33179],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[142,33182,33184],{"id":33183},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33186,33187,33188,26208],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33189,6115],{},[46,33191,33193],{"className":48,"code":33192,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33194,33195,33239,33243,33259],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33196,33197,33199,33201,33203,33205,33207,33209,33211,33213,33215,33217,33219,33221,33223,33225,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235,33237],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33198,5224],{"class":61},[55,33200,66],{"class":65},[55,33202,10652],{"class":69},[55,33204,248],{"class":247},[55,33206,18564],{"class":251},[55,33208,248],{"class":247},[55,33210,153],{"class":69},[55,33212,20045],{"class":73},[55,33214,77],{"class":69},[55,33216,258],{"class":247},[55,33218,31297],{"class":251},[55,33220,248],{"class":247},[55,33222,153],{"class":69},[55,33224,13658],{"class":73},[55,33226,77],{"class":69},[55,33228,258],{"class":247},[55,33230,18573],{"class":251},[55,33232,248],{"class":247},[55,33234,153],{"class":69},[55,33236,29065],{"class":73},[55,33238,9471],{"class":69},[55,33240,33241],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,33242,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,33244,33245,33247,33249,33251,33253,33255,33257],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,33246,6115],{"class":4040},[55,33248,21731],{"class":61},[55,33250,4047],{"class":4040},[55,33252,5271],{"class":61},[55,33254,44],{"class":69},[55,33256,5519],{"class":99},[55,33258,21742],{"class":69},[55,33260,33261,33263,33265,33267],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,33262,8230],{"class":120},[55,33264,103],{"class":69},[55,33266,2633],{"class":99},[55,33268,114],{"class":69},[20,33270,302],{},[46,33272,33274],{"className":48,"code":33273,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33275,33276,33281,33286],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33277,33278],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33279,33280],{"class":73},"90\n",[55,33282,33283],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,33284,33285],{"class":73},"85\n",[55,33287,33288],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,33289,33290],{"class":73},"88\n",[20,33292,17859],{},[155,33294,33295,33298,33301],{},[158,33296,33297],{},"You only need the values",[158,33299,33300],{},"You do not care about the keys",[158,33302,33303],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33305,33306,33307,3041,33311,44],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[36,33308,10897,33309,43],{"href":17225},[15,33310,17228],{},[36,33312,22622],{"href":33313},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[142,33315,33317],{"id":33316},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33319,31,33320,33322],{},[15,33321,32885],{}," when you need a list.",[46,33324,33326],{"className":48,"code":33325,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33327,33328,33373,33377,33397,33401,33412],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33329,33330,33333,33335,33337,33339,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353,33355,33357,33359,33361,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33331,33332],{"class":61},"fruit_prices ",[55,33334,66],{"class":65},[55,33336,10652],{"class":69},[55,33338,248],{"class":247},[55,33340,1035],{"class":251},[55,33342,248],{"class":247},[55,33344,153],{"class":69},[55,33346,80],{"class":73},[55,33348,77],{"class":69},[55,33350,258],{"class":247},[55,33352,1072],{"class":251},[55,33354,248],{"class":247},[55,33356,153],{"class":69},[55,33358,630],{"class":73},[55,33360,77],{"class":69},[55,33362,258],{"class":247},[55,33364,1044],{"class":251},[55,33366,248],{"class":247},[55,33368,153],{"class":69},[55,33370,111],{"class":73},[55,33372,9471],{"class":69},[55,33374,33375],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,33376,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,33378,33379,33382,33384,33386,33388,33391,33393,33395],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,33380,33381],{"class":61},"price_list ",[55,33383,66],{"class":65},[55,33385,22705],{"class":1898},[55,33387,103],{"class":69},[55,33389,33390],{"class":99},"fruit_prices",[55,33392,44],{"class":69},[55,33394,5519],{"class":99},[55,33396,7354],{"class":69},[55,33398,33399],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,33400,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,33402,33403,33405,33407,33410],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,33404,121],{"class":120},[55,33406,103],{"class":69},[55,33408,33409],{"class":99},"price_list",[55,33411,114],{"class":69},[55,33413,33414,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,33415,121],{"class":120},[55,33417,103],{"class":69},[55,33419,33409],{"class":99},[55,33421,312],{"class":69},[55,33423,227],{"class":73},[55,33425,1777],{"class":69},[20,33427,302],{},[46,33429,33431],{"className":48,"code":33430,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33432,33433,33449],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33434,33435,33437,33439,33441,33443,33445,33447],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33436,312],{"class":69},[55,33438,106],{"class":73},[55,33440,77],{"class":69},[55,33442,630],{"class":73},[55,33444,77],{"class":69},[55,33446,111],{"class":73},[55,33448,88],{"class":69},[55,33450,33451],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,33452,17206],{"class":73},[20,33454,33455],{},"This is helpful for:",[155,33457,33458,33461,33464],{},[158,33459,33460],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[158,33462,33463],{},"Accessing values by index",[158,33465,33466],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33468,4088,33469,33471],{},[15,33470,17187],{}," is not the same as a list.",[142,33473,33475,982,33477,982,33479],{"id":33474},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33476,17221],{},[15,33478,17215],{},[15,33480,17228],{},[20,33482,33483],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[155,33485,33486,33491,33496],{},[158,33487,33488,33490],{},[15,33489,17221],{}," returns only the values",[158,33492,33493,33495],{},[15,33494,17215],{}," returns only the keys",[158,33497,33498,33500],{},[15,33499,17228],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33502,2286],{},[46,33504,33506],{"className":48,"code":33505,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33507,33508,33544,33548,33562,33576],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33509,33510,33512,33514,33516,33518,33520,33522,33524,33526,33528,33530,33532,33534,33536,33538,33540,33542],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33511,13019],{"class":61},[55,33513,66],{"class":65},[55,33515,10652],{"class":69},[55,33517,248],{"class":247},[55,33519,7829],{"class":251},[55,33521,248],{"class":247},[55,33523,153],{"class":69},[55,33525,258],{"class":247},[55,33527,13036],{"class":251},[55,33529,248],{"class":247},[55,33531,77],{"class":69},[55,33533,258],{"class":247},[55,33535,9461],{"class":251},[55,33537,248],{"class":247},[55,33539,153],{"class":69},[55,33541,7951],{"class":73},[55,33543,9471],{"class":69},[55,33545,33546],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,33547,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,33549,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,33551,121],{"class":120},[55,33553,103],{"class":69},[55,33555,13776],{"class":99},[55,33557,44],{"class":69},[55,33559,17073],{"class":99},[55,33561,7354],{"class":69},[55,33563,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,33565,121],{"class":120},[55,33567,103],{"class":69},[55,33569,13776],{"class":99},[55,33571,44],{"class":69},[55,33573,5519],{"class":99},[55,33575,7354],{"class":69},[55,33577,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586,33588],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,33579,121],{"class":120},[55,33581,103],{"class":69},[55,33583,13776],{"class":99},[55,33585,44],{"class":69},[55,33587,1057],{"class":99},[55,33589,7354],{"class":69},[20,33591,302],{},[46,33593,33595],{"className":48,"code":33594,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33596,33597,33619,33637],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33598,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615,33617],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33600,17164],{"class":99},[55,33602,3149],{"class":69},[55,33604,315],{"class":247},[55,33606,7829],{"class":251},[55,33608,315],{"class":247},[55,33610,77],{"class":69},[55,33612,324],{"class":247},[55,33614,9461],{"class":251},[55,33616,315],{"class":247},[55,33618,1777],{"class":69},[55,33620,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629,33631,33633,33635],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,33622,17187],{"class":99},[55,33624,3149],{"class":69},[55,33626,315],{"class":247},[55,33628,13036],{"class":251},[55,33630,315],{"class":247},[55,33632,77],{"class":69},[55,33634,7951],{"class":73},[55,33636,1777],{"class":69},[55,33638,33639,33641,33643,33645,33647,33649,33651,33653],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,33640,22055],{"class":99},[55,33642,9820],{"class":69},[55,33644,315],{"class":247},[55,33646,7829],{"class":251},[55,33648,315],{"class":247},[55,33650,77],{"class":69},[55,33652,7951],{"class":73},[55,33654,10839],{"class":69},[20,33656,18842],{},[155,33658,33659,33666,33673],{},[158,33660,33661,33665],{},[36,33662,33663],{"href":17212},[15,33664,17215],{}," when you need just the keys",[158,33667,33668,33672],{},[36,33669,33670],{"href":17218},[15,33671,17221],{}," when you need just the values",[158,33674,33675,33679],{},[36,33676,33677],{"href":17225},[15,33678,17228],{}," when you need both",[142,33681,1211],{"id":1210},[20,33683,33684,33685,44],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33686,17221],{},[577,33688,29794,33690,33692],{"id":33689},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33691,17221],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33694,33695,33697],{},[15,33696,17221],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33699,1343],{},[46,33701,33703],{"className":48,"code":33702,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33704,33705,33725],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33706,33707,33709,33711,33713,33715,33717,33719,33721,33723],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33708,8469],{"class":61},[55,33710,66],{"class":65},[55,33712,70],{"class":69},[55,33714,74],{"class":73},[55,33716,77],{"class":69},[55,33718,80],{"class":73},[55,33720,77],{"class":69},[55,33722,111],{"class":73},[55,33724,88],{"class":69},[55,33726,33727,33729,33731,33733,33735,33737],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,33728,121],{"class":120},[55,33730,103],{"class":69},[55,33732,192],{"class":99},[55,33734,44],{"class":69},[55,33736,5519],{"class":99},[55,33738,7354],{"class":69},[20,33740,33741,33742,33744],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33743,17221],{}," method.",[20,33746,33747],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[46,33749,33751],{"className":48,"code":33750,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33752,33753],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33754,33755,33757,33759,33761,33763,33765],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33756,121],{"class":120},[55,33758,103],{"class":69},[55,33760,1910],{"class":1898},[55,33762,103],{"class":69},[55,33764,192],{"class":99},[55,33766,1867],{"class":69},[20,33768,33769,33770,33772,33773,44],{},"If you get an ",[15,33771,25816],{},", see ",[36,33774,25824,33775,2078],{"href":25823},[15,33776,25827],{},[577,33778,4740,33780,33782],{"id":33779},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33781,17221],{}," returns a list",[20,33784,33785],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[46,33787,33789],{"className":48,"code":33788,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33790,33791,33827,33841,33845],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33792,33793,33795,33797,33799,33801,33803,33805,33807,33809,33811,33813,33815,33817,33819,33821,33823,33825],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33794,13019],{"class":61},[55,33796,66],{"class":65},[55,33798,10652],{"class":69},[55,33800,248],{"class":247},[55,33802,7829],{"class":251},[55,33804,248],{"class":247},[55,33806,153],{"class":69},[55,33808,258],{"class":247},[55,33810,13036],{"class":251},[55,33812,248],{"class":247},[55,33814,77],{"class":69},[55,33816,258],{"class":247},[55,33818,9461],{"class":251},[55,33820,248],{"class":247},[55,33822,153],{"class":69},[55,33824,7951],{"class":73},[55,33826,9471],{"class":69},[55,33828,33829,33831,33833,33835,33837,33839],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,33830,3986],{"class":61},[55,33832,66],{"class":65},[55,33834,13062],{"class":61},[55,33836,44],{"class":69},[55,33838,5519],{"class":99},[55,33840,8804],{"class":69},[55,33842,33843],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,33844,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,33846,33847,33849,33851,33853,33855,33857],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,33848,121],{"class":120},[55,33850,103],{"class":69},[55,33852,1910],{"class":1898},[55,33854,103],{"class":69},[55,33856,5519],{"class":99},[55,33858,1867],{"class":69},[20,33860,302],{},[46,33862,33864],{"className":48,"code":33863,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33865,33866],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33867,33868,33870,33872,33874,33876,33878],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33869,3454],{"class":65},[55,33871,3457],{"class":2226},[55,33873,324],{"class":247},[55,33875,17187],{"class":251},[55,33877,315],{"class":247},[55,33879,3466],{"class":65},[20,33881,5309,33882,33884],{},[15,33883,17187],{},", not a list.",[20,33886,33887],{},"If you need a list:",[46,33889,33891],{"className":48,"code":33890,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33892,33893],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33894,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903,33905,33907,33909],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33896,3986],{"class":61},[55,33898,66],{"class":65},[55,33900,22705],{"class":1898},[55,33902,103],{"class":69},[55,33904,13776],{"class":99},[55,33906,44],{"class":69},[55,33908,5519],{"class":99},[55,33910,7354],{"class":69},[577,33912,33914,33915],{"id":33913},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33916,17187],{},[20,33918,33919],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[46,33921,33923],{"className":48,"code":33922,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33924,33925,33961,33975,33979],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33926,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935,33937,33939,33941,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951,33953,33955,33957,33959],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33928,13019],{"class":61},[55,33930,66],{"class":65},[55,33932,10652],{"class":69},[55,33934,248],{"class":247},[55,33936,7829],{"class":251},[55,33938,248],{"class":247},[55,33940,153],{"class":69},[55,33942,258],{"class":247},[55,33944,13036],{"class":251},[55,33946,248],{"class":247},[55,33948,77],{"class":69},[55,33950,258],{"class":247},[55,33952,9461],{"class":251},[55,33954,248],{"class":247},[55,33956,153],{"class":69},[55,33958,7951],{"class":73},[55,33960,9471],{"class":69},[55,33962,33963,33965,33967,33969,33971,33973],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,33964,3986],{"class":61},[55,33966,66],{"class":65},[55,33968,13062],{"class":61},[55,33970,44],{"class":69},[55,33972,5519],{"class":99},[55,33974,8804],{"class":69},[55,33976,33977],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,33978,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,33980,33981],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,33982,33983],{"class":133},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33985,33986],{},"Convert to a list first:",[46,33988,33990],{"className":48,"code":33989,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33991,33992,34028,34046,34050],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33993,33994,33996,33998,34000,34002,34004,34006,34008,34010,34012,34014,34016,34018,34020,34022,34024,34026],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33995,13019],{"class":61},[55,33997,66],{"class":65},[55,33999,10652],{"class":69},[55,34001,248],{"class":247},[55,34003,7829],{"class":251},[55,34005,248],{"class":247},[55,34007,153],{"class":69},[55,34009,258],{"class":247},[55,34011,13036],{"class":251},[55,34013,248],{"class":247},[55,34015,77],{"class":69},[55,34017,258],{"class":247},[55,34019,9461],{"class":251},[55,34021,248],{"class":247},[55,34023,153],{"class":69},[55,34025,7951],{"class":73},[55,34027,9471],{"class":69},[55,34029,34030,34032,34034,34036,34038,34040,34042,34044],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,34031,3986],{"class":61},[55,34033,66],{"class":65},[55,34035,22705],{"class":1898},[55,34037,103],{"class":69},[55,34039,13776],{"class":99},[55,34041,44],{"class":69},[55,34043,5519],{"class":99},[55,34045,7354],{"class":69},[55,34047,34048],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,34049,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,34051,34052,34054,34056,34058,34060,34062],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,34053,121],{"class":120},[55,34055,103],{"class":69},[55,34057,5519],{"class":99},[55,34059,312],{"class":69},[55,34061,227],{"class":73},[55,34063,1777],{"class":69},[577,34065,8578,34067,11252,34069],{"id":34066},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34068,5519],{},[15,34070,17221],{},[20,34072,34073],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[46,34075,34077],{"className":48,"code":34076,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34078,34079,34115,34119],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34080,34081,34083,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093,34095,34097,34099,34101,34103,34105,34107,34109,34111,34113],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34082,13019],{"class":61},[55,34084,66],{"class":65},[55,34086,10652],{"class":69},[55,34088,248],{"class":247},[55,34090,7829],{"class":251},[55,34092,248],{"class":247},[55,34094,153],{"class":69},[55,34096,258],{"class":247},[55,34098,13036],{"class":251},[55,34100,248],{"class":247},[55,34102,77],{"class":69},[55,34104,258],{"class":247},[55,34106,9461],{"class":251},[55,34108,248],{"class":247},[55,34110,153],{"class":69},[55,34112,7951],{"class":73},[55,34114,9471],{"class":69},[55,34116,34117],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,34118,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,34120,34121,34123,34125,34127,34129,34131],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,34122,121],{"class":120},[55,34124,103],{"class":69},[55,34126,13776],{"class":99},[55,34128,44],{"class":69},[55,34130,5519],{"class":1880},[55,34132,114],{"class":69},[20,34134,34135,34138],{},[15,34136,34137],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34140,18842],{},[46,34142,34144],{"className":48,"code":34143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34145,34146],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34147,34148,34150,34152,34154,34156,34158],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34149,121],{"class":120},[55,34151,103],{"class":69},[55,34153,13776],{"class":99},[55,34155,44],{"class":69},[55,34157,5519],{"class":99},[55,34159,7354],{"class":69},[577,34161,34163],{"id":34162},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34165,34166],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[46,34168,34170],{"className":48,"code":34169,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34171,34172,34204],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34173,34174,34176,34178,34180,34182,34184,34186,34188,34190,34192,34194,34196,34198,34200,34202],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34175,9327],{"class":61},[55,34177,66],{"class":65},[55,34179,10652],{"class":69},[55,34181,248],{"class":247},[55,34183,36],{"class":251},[55,34185,248],{"class":247},[55,34187,153],{"class":69},[55,34189,630],{"class":73},[55,34191,77],{"class":69},[55,34193,258],{"class":247},[55,34195,285],{"class":251},[55,34197,248],{"class":247},[55,34199,153],{"class":69},[55,34201,80],{"class":73},[55,34203,9471],{"class":69},[55,34205,34206,34208,34210,34212,34214,34216],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,34207,121],{"class":120},[55,34209,103],{"class":69},[55,34211,9366],{"class":99},[55,34213,44],{"class":69},[55,34215,5519],{"class":99},[55,34217,7354],{"class":69},[20,34219,34220],{},"Not like this:",[46,34222,34224],{"className":48,"code":34223,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34225,34226,34231,34236],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34227,34228],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34229,34230],{"class":133},"# Wrong examples:\n",[55,34232,34233],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,34234,34235],{"class":133},"# data().values()\n",[55,34237,34238],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,34239,34240],{"class":133},"# values(data)\n",[20,34242,3503],{},[46,34244,34246],{"className":48,"code":34245,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34247,34248,34262,34272,34286],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34249,34250,34252,34254,34256,34258,34260],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34251,121],{"class":120},[55,34253,103],{"class":69},[55,34255,1910],{"class":1898},[55,34257,103],{"class":69},[55,34259,11608],{"class":99},[55,34261,1867],{"class":69},[55,34263,34264,34266,34268,34270],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,34265,121],{"class":120},[55,34267,103],{"class":69},[55,34269,11608],{"class":99},[55,34271,114],{"class":69},[55,34273,34274,34276,34278,34280,34282,34284],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,34275,121],{"class":120},[55,34277,103],{"class":69},[55,34279,11608],{"class":99},[55,34281,44],{"class":69},[55,34283,5519],{"class":99},[55,34285,7354],{"class":69},[55,34287,34288,34290,34292,34294,34296,34298,34300,34302],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,34289,121],{"class":120},[55,34291,103],{"class":69},[55,34293,1899],{"class":1898},[55,34295,103],{"class":69},[55,34297,11608],{"class":99},[55,34299,44],{"class":69},[55,34301,5519],{"class":99},[55,34303,6448],{"class":69},[142,34305,1986],{"id":1985},[577,34307,5303,34309,5306],{"id":34308},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34310,32464],{},[20,34312,17572,34313,34315],{},[15,34314,17187],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[577,34317,1990,34319,24076],{"id":34318},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34320,17221],{},[20,34322,24079,34323,24083],{},[15,34324,34325],{},"list(...)",[577,34327,26200,34329,2027],{"id":34328},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34330,32464],{},[20,34332,34333,34334,26208],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34335,6115],{},[577,34337,1990,34339,34341],{"id":34338},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34340,32464],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34343,34344],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[577,34346,34348,34349,34351,34352,2027],{"id":34347},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34350,17221],{}," different from ",[15,34353,17228],{},[20,34355,34356,34358,34359,34361],{},[15,34357,17221],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34360,17228],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[142,34363,2039],{"id":2038},[155,34365,34366,34372,34378,34382,34388,34392],{},[158,34367,34368],{},[36,34369,10897,34370,43],{"href":17212},[15,34371,17215],{},[158,34373,34374],{},[36,34375,10897,34376,43],{"href":17225},[15,34377,17228],{},[158,34379,34380],{},[36,34381,11402],{"href":9553},[158,34383,34384],{},[36,34385,34387],{"href":34386},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[158,34389,34390],{},[36,34391,24161],{"href":33313},[158,34393,34394],{},[36,34395,2074,34396],{"href":25823},[15,34397,34398],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2080,34400,34401],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":34403},[34404,34405,34407,34408,34410,34411,34412,34413,34415,34426,34438],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":32634,"depth":91,"text":34406},"What values() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":32704,"depth":91,"text":34409},"What values() returns",{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":33183,"depth":91,"text":33184},{"id":33316,"depth":91,"text":33317},{"id":33474,"depth":91,"text":34414},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":34416},[34417,34419,34421,34423,34425],{"id":33689,"depth":117,"text":34418},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33779,"depth":117,"text":34420},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33913,"depth":117,"text":34422},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34066,"depth":117,"text":34424},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34162,"depth":117,"text":34163},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":34427},[34428,34430,34432,34434,34436],{"id":34308,"depth":117,"text":34429},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34318,"depth":117,"text":34431},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34328,"depth":117,"text":34433},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34338,"depth":117,"text":34435},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34347,"depth":117,"text":34437},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32451,"description":34439},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34445,"title":34446,"body":34447,"description":35875,"extension":2124,"meta":35876,"navigation":428,"path":35877,"seo":35878,"stem":35879,"__hash__":35880},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34448,"toc":35827},[34449,34455,34460,34463,34479,34488,34490,34522,34528,34531,34624,34627,34632,34637,34640,34651,34653,34667,34673,34675,34680,34686,34689,34728,34736,34741,34744,34789,34792,34804,34810,34816,34820,34853,34856,34874,34877,34881,34920,34922,34942,34945,34957,34962,34968,34971,35026,35029,35040,35043,35054,35057,35061,35067,35069,35099,35102,35117,35120,35123,35142,35145,35161,35170,35172,35203,35209,35214,35217,35224,35255,35258,35280,35283,35286,35300,35304,35335,35350,35357,35364,35368,35376,35380,35388,35391,35440,35451,35453,35456,35462,35467,35476,35480,35483,35486,35490,35493,35495,35516,35520,35526,35537,35543,35545,35551,35575,35578,35641,35644,35672,35675,35737,35739,35744,35747,35754,35762,35769,35772,35780,35786,35788,35815,35824],[10,34450,3740,34452,3744],{"id":34451},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34453,34454],{},"dir()",[20,34456,32461,34457,34459],{},[15,34458,34454],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34461,34462],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[155,34464,34465,34468,34471,34476],{},[158,34466,34467],{},"learning Python",[158,34469,34470],{},"exploring a new object",[158,34472,34473,34474],{},"debugging an ",[15,34475,25816],{},[158,34477,34478],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34480,34481,34482,34484,34485],{},"In short, ",[15,34483,34454],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[1966,34486,34487],{},"“What can I use here?”",[142,34489,2165],{"id":2164},[46,34491,34493],{"className":48,"code":34492,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34494,34495,34507],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34496,34497,34499,34501,34503,34505],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34498,8037],{"class":61},[55,34500,66],{"class":65},[55,34502,258],{"class":247},[55,34504,4009],{"class":251},[55,34506,3522],{"class":247},[55,34508,34509,34511,34513,34516,34518,34520],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,34510,121],{"class":120},[55,34512,103],{"class":69},[55,34514,34515],{"class":120},"dir",[55,34517,103],{"class":69},[55,34519,7829],{"class":99},[55,34521,1867],{"class":69},[20,34523,31,34524,34527],{},[15,34525,34526],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34529,34530],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[46,34532,34534],{"className":48,"code":34533,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34535,34536],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34537,34538,34540,34542,34545,34547,34549,34551,34554,34556,34558,34560,34563,34565,34567,34569,34572,34574,34576,34578,34581,34583,34585,34587,34589,34591,34593,34596,34598,34600,34602,34604,34606,34608,34611,34613,34615,34617,34620,34622],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34539,312],{"class":69},[55,34541,315],{"class":247},[55,34543,34544],{"class":251},"__add__",[55,34546,315],{"class":247},[55,34548,77],{"class":69},[55,34550,324],{"class":247},[55,34552,34553],{"class":251},"__class__",[55,34555,315],{"class":247},[55,34557,77],{"class":69},[55,34559,324],{"class":247},[55,34561,34562],{"class":251},"__contains__",[55,34564,315],{"class":247},[55,34566,77],{"class":69},[55,34568,324],{"class":247},[55,34570,34571],{"class":251},"__delattr__",[55,34573,315],{"class":247},[55,34575,77],{"class":69},[55,34577,324],{"class":247},[55,34579,34580],{"class":251},"__dir__",[55,34582,315],{"class":247},[55,34584,77],{"class":69},[55,34586,324],{"class":247},[55,34588,1886],{"class":251},[55,34590,315],{"class":247},[55,34592,77],{"class":69},[55,34594,34595],{"class":1885}," ...",[55,34597,77],{"class":69},[55,34599,324],{"class":247},[55,34601,8801],{"class":251},[55,34603,315],{"class":247},[55,34605,77],{"class":69},[55,34607,324],{"class":247},[55,34609,34610],{"class":251},"split",[55,34612,315],{"class":247},[55,34614,77],{"class":69},[55,34616,324],{"class":247},[55,34618,34619],{"class":251},"upper",[55,34621,315],{"class":247},[55,34623,88],{"class":69},[20,34625,34626],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[142,34628,145,34630,148],{"id":34629},"what-dir-does",[15,34631,34454],{},[20,34633,34634,34636],{},[15,34635,34454],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34638,34639],{},"It usually includes:",[155,34641,34642,34645,34648],{},[158,34643,34644],{},"attributes",[158,34646,34647],{},"methods",[158,34649,34650],{},"special Python names",[20,34652,11617],{},[155,34654,34655,34661,34664],{},[158,34656,34657,34658],{},"The result is a ",[1966,34659,34660],{},"list of strings",[158,34662,34663],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[158,34665,34666],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34668,34669,34670,34672],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34671,34454],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[142,34674,2319],{"id":2318},[20,34676,34677,34679],{},[15,34678,34454],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[577,34681,34683,34685],{"id":34682},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34684,34454],{}," with no argument",[20,34687,34688],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[46,34690,34692],{"className":48,"code":34691,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34693,34694,34702,34714,34718],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34695,34696,34698,34700],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34697,3188],{"class":61},[55,34699,66],{"class":65},[55,34701,2748],{"class":73},[55,34703,34704,34706,34708,34710,34712],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,34705,8037],{"class":61},[55,34707,66],{"class":65},[55,34709,258],{"class":247},[55,34711,7838],{"class":251},[55,34713,3522],{"class":247},[55,34715,34716],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,34717,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,34719,34720,34722,34724,34726],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,34721,121],{"class":120},[55,34723,103],{"class":69},[55,34725,34515],{"class":120},[55,34727,7354],{"class":69},[20,34729,34730,34731,352,34733,34735],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34732,2336],{},[15,34734,7829],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[577,34737,34739],{"id":34738},"dirobject",[15,34740,34526],{},[20,34742,34743],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[46,34745,34747],{"className":48,"code":34746,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34748,34749,34767],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34750,34751,34753,34755,34757,34759,34761,34763,34765],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34752,121],{"class":120},[55,34754,103],{"class":69},[55,34756,34515],{"class":120},[55,34758,103],{"class":69},[55,34760,248],{"class":247},[55,34762,4009],{"class":251},[55,34764,248],{"class":247},[55,34766,1867],{"class":69},[55,34768,34769,34771,34773,34775,34777,34779,34781,34783,34785,34787],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,34770,121],{"class":120},[55,34772,103],{"class":69},[55,34774,34515],{"class":120},[55,34776,3149],{"class":69},[55,34778,74],{"class":73},[55,34780,77],{"class":69},[55,34782,80],{"class":73},[55,34784,77],{"class":69},[55,34786,111],{"class":73},[55,34788,3162],{"class":69},[20,34790,34791],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[155,34793,34794,34796,34798,34801],{},[158,34795,5469],{},[158,34797,5460],{},[158,34799,34800],{},"modules",[158,34802,34803],{},"custom objects",[142,34805,8578,34807,34809],{"id":34806},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34808,34454],{}," with a value",[20,34811,34812,34813,34815],{},"A common use of ",[15,34814,34454],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[577,34817,34819],{"id":34818},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[46,34821,34823],{"className":48,"code":34822,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34824,34825,34838],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34826,34827,34830,34832,34834,34836],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34828,34829],{"class":61},"text ",[55,34831,66],{"class":65},[55,34833,258],{"class":247},[55,34835,4009],{"class":251},[55,34837,3522],{"class":247},[55,34839,34840,34842,34844,34846,34848,34851],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,34841,121],{"class":120},[55,34843,103],{"class":69},[55,34845,34515],{"class":120},[55,34847,103],{"class":69},[55,34849,34850],{"class":99},"text",[55,34852,1867],{"class":69},[20,34854,34855],{},"You will see method names like:",[155,34857,34858,34862,34866,34870],{},[158,34859,34860],{},[15,34861,8801],{},[158,34863,34864],{},[15,34865,34619],{},[158,34867,34868],{},[15,34869,34610],{},[158,34871,34872],{},[15,34873,8795],{},[20,34875,34876],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[577,34878,34880],{"id":34879},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[46,34882,34884],{"className":48,"code":34883,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34885,34886,34906],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34887,34888,34890,34892,34894,34896,34898,34900,34902,34904],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34889,62],{"class":61},[55,34891,66],{"class":65},[55,34893,70],{"class":69},[55,34895,74],{"class":73},[55,34897,77],{"class":69},[55,34899,80],{"class":73},[55,34901,77],{"class":69},[55,34903,111],{"class":73},[55,34905,88],{"class":69},[55,34907,34908,34910,34912,34914,34916,34918],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,34909,121],{"class":120},[55,34911,103],{"class":69},[55,34913,34515],{"class":120},[55,34915,103],{"class":69},[55,34917,94],{"class":99},[55,34919,1867],{"class":69},[20,34921,34855],{},[155,34923,34924,34928,34932,34937],{},[158,34925,34926],{},[15,34927,1100],{},[158,34929,34930],{},[15,34931,26385],{},[158,34933,34934],{},[15,34935,34936],{},"remove",[158,34938,34939],{},[15,34940,34941],{},"sort",[20,34943,34944],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34946,34947,34948,34953,34954,34956],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[36,34949,34951],{"href":34950},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34952,2464],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34955,34454],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[142,34958,8578,34960,34685],{"id":34959},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34961,34454],{},[20,34963,34964,34965,34967],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34966,34454],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34969,34970],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[46,34972,34974],{"className":48,"code":34973,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34975,34976,34985,34989,35000,35012,35016],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34977,34978,34980,34982],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34979,3188],{"class":61},[55,34981,66],{"class":65},[55,34983,34984],{"class":73}," 5\n",[55,34986,34987],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,34988,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,34990,34991,34994,34998],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,34992,34993],{"class":2226},"def",[55,34995,34997],{"class":34996},"sGLFI"," greet",[55,34999,21742],{"class":69},[55,35001,35002,35005,35007,35010],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,35003,35004],{"class":4040},"    return",[55,35006,258],{"class":247},[55,35008,35009],{"class":251},"Hello",[55,35011,3522],{"class":247},[55,35013,35014],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,35015,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,35017,35018,35020,35022,35024],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,35019,121],{"class":120},[55,35021,103],{"class":69},[55,35023,34515],{"class":120},[55,35025,7354],{"class":69},[20,35027,35028],{},"The output will include names like:",[155,35030,35031,35035],{},[158,35032,35033],{},[15,35034,2336],{},[158,35036,35037],{},[15,35038,35039],{},"greet",[20,35041,35042],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[155,35044,35045,35048,35051],{},[158,35046,35047],{},"what variables exist",[158,35049,35050],{},"what functions you have defined",[158,35052,35053],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35055,35056],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[142,35058,35060],{"id":35059},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35062,35063,35064,35066],{},"When you first use ",[15,35065,34454],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35068,230],{},[46,35070,35071],{"className":48,"code":34822,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,35072,35073,35085],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35074,35075,35077,35079,35081,35083],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35076,34829],{"class":61},[55,35078,66],{"class":65},[55,35080,258],{"class":247},[55,35082,4009],{"class":251},[55,35084,3522],{"class":247},[55,35086,35087,35089,35091,35093,35095,35097],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,35088,121],{"class":120},[55,35090,103],{"class":69},[55,35092,34515],{"class":120},[55,35094,103],{"class":69},[55,35096,34850],{"class":99},[55,35098,1867],{"class":69},[20,35100,35101],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[155,35103,35104,35108,35112],{},[158,35105,35106],{},[15,35107,34553],{},[158,35109,35110],{},[15,35111,1886],{},[158,35113,35114],{},[15,35115,35116],{},"__len__",[20,35118,35119],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35121,35122],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[155,35124,35125,35129,35133,35137],{},[158,35126,35127],{},[15,35128,34619],{},[158,35130,35131],{},[15,35132,8801],{},[158,35134,35135],{},[15,35136,34610],{},[158,35138,35139],{},[15,35140,35141],{},"replace",[20,35143,35144],{},"A key point to remember:",[155,35146,35147,35155],{},[158,35148,35149,35151,35152],{},[15,35150,34454],{}," lists ",[1966,35153,35154],{},"names only",[158,35156,35157,35158,35160],{},"it does ",[1966,35159,1968],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35162,35163,35164,44],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[36,35165,35167],{"href":35166},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35168,35169],{},"help()",[20,35171,5631],{},[46,35173,35175],{"className":48,"code":35174,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35176,35177,35189],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35178,35179,35181,35183,35185,35187],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35180,8037],{"class":61},[55,35182,66],{"class":65},[55,35184,258],{"class":247},[55,35186,4009],{"class":251},[55,35188,3522],{"class":247},[55,35190,35191,35193,35195,35197,35199,35201],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,35192,1893],{"class":120},[55,35194,103],{"class":69},[55,35196,7829],{"class":99},[55,35198,44],{"class":69},[55,35200,34619],{"class":1880},[55,35202,114],{"class":69},[142,35204,35206,35208],{"id":35205},"dir-on-modules",[15,35207,34454],{}," on modules",[20,35210,15864,35211,35213],{},[15,35212,34454],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35215,35216],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[577,35218,35220,35221,35223],{"id":35219},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35222,18564],{}," module",[46,35225,35227],{"className":48,"code":35226,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35228,35229,35237,35241],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35230,35231,35234],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35232,35233],{"class":4040},"import",[55,35235,35236],{"class":61}," math\n",[55,35238,35239],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,35240,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,35242,35243,35245,35247,35249,35251,35253],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,35244,121],{"class":120},[55,35246,103],{"class":69},[55,35248,34515],{"class":120},[55,35250,103],{"class":69},[55,35252,18564],{"class":99},[55,35254,1867],{"class":69},[20,35256,35257],{},"You may see names like:",[155,35259,35260,35265,35270,35275],{},[158,35261,35262],{},[15,35263,35264],{},"sqrt",[158,35266,35267],{},[15,35268,35269],{},"ceil",[158,35271,35272],{},[15,35273,35274],{},"floor",[158,35276,35277],{},[15,35278,35279],{},"pi",[20,35281,35282],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35284,35285],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[155,35287,35288,35294],{},[158,35289,35290],{},[36,35291,35293],{"href":35292},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[158,35295,35296],{},[36,35297,35299],{"href":35298},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[577,35301,35303],{"id":35302},"another-example","Another example",[46,35305,35307],{"className":48,"code":35306,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35308,35309,35316,35320],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35310,35311,35313],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35312,35233],{"class":4040},[55,35314,35315],{"class":61}," json\n",[55,35317,35318],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,35319,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,35321,35322,35324,35326,35328,35330,35333],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,35323,121],{"class":120},[55,35325,103],{"class":69},[55,35327,34515],{"class":120},[55,35329,103],{"class":69},[55,35331,35332],{"class":99},"json",[55,35334,1867],{"class":69},[20,35336,35337,35338,2352,35341,2352,35344,17222,35347,44],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35339,35340],{},"dump",[15,35342,35343],{},"dumps",[15,35345,35346],{},"load",[15,35348,35349],{},"loads",[142,35351,35353,982,35355],{"id":35352},"dir-vs-help",[15,35354,34454],{},[15,35356,35169],{},[20,35358,35359,352,35361,35363],{},[15,35360,34454],{},[15,35362,35169],{}," are often used together.",[577,35365,35366],{"id":34515},[15,35367,34454],{},[155,35369,35370,35373],{},[158,35371,35372],{},"shows available names",[158,35374,35375],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[577,35377,35378],{"id":1893},[15,35379,35169],{},[155,35381,35382,35385],{},[158,35383,35384],{},"explains what an object or function does",[158,35386,35387],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35389,35390],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[46,35392,35394],{"className":48,"code":35393,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35395,35396,35408,35412,35426],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35397,35398,35400,35402,35404,35406],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35399,8037],{"class":61},[55,35401,66],{"class":65},[55,35403,258],{"class":247},[55,35405,4009],{"class":251},[55,35407,3522],{"class":247},[55,35409,35410],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,35411,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,35413,35414,35416,35418,35420,35422,35424],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,35415,121],{"class":120},[55,35417,103],{"class":69},[55,35419,34515],{"class":120},[55,35421,103],{"class":69},[55,35423,7829],{"class":99},[55,35425,1867],{"class":69},[55,35427,35428,35430,35432,35434,35436,35438],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,35429,1893],{"class":120},[55,35431,103],{"class":69},[55,35433,7829],{"class":99},[55,35435,44],{"class":69},[55,35437,34619],{"class":1880},[55,35439,114],{"class":69},[20,35441,31,35442,35444,35445,35447,35448,35450],{},[15,35443,34454],{}," first to find a method name.",[10008,35446],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35449,35169],{}," to understand how to use it.",[142,35452,25502],{"id":25501},[20,35454,35455],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[577,35457,35459,35461],{"id":35458},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35460,34454],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35463,35464,35466],{},[15,35465,34454],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35468,35469,35470,571,35472,35475],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35471,34619],{},[15,35473,35474],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[577,35477,35479],{"id":35478},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35481,35482],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35484,35485],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[577,35487,35489],{"id":35488},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35491,35492],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35494,5631],{},[155,35496,35497,35502,35508],{},[158,35498,35499,35501],{},[15,35500,35474],{}," shows string-related names",[158,35503,35504,35507],{},[15,35505,35506],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[158,35509,35510,35513,35514,35223],{},[15,35511,35512],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35515,18564],{},[577,35517,35519],{"id":35518},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35521,35522,35523,35525],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35524,34454],{}," does not mean you already know:",[155,35527,35528,35531,35534],{},[158,35529,35530],{},"what it does",[158,35532,35533],{},"what arguments it needs",[158,35535,35536],{},"what it returns",[20,35538,35539,35540,35542],{},"That is why ",[15,35541,35169],{}," is the natural next step.",[142,35544,2992],{"id":2991},[20,35546,35547,35548,35550],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35549,34454],{}," in these situations:",[155,35552,35553,35556,35565,35568],{},[158,35554,35555],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[158,35557,35558,35559,35564],{},"Seeing an ",[36,35560,35562],{"href":35561},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35563,25816],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[158,35566,35567],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[158,35569,8578,35570,35572,35573],{},[15,35571,34454],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35574,35169],{},[20,35576,35577],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[46,35579,35581],{"className":48,"code":35580,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35582,35583,35595,35599,35613,35627],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35584,35585,35587,35589,35591,35593],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35586,8037],{"class":61},[55,35588,66],{"class":65},[55,35590,258],{"class":247},[55,35592,4009],{"class":251},[55,35594,3522],{"class":247},[55,35596,35597],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,35598,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,35600,35601,35603,35605,35607,35609,35611],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,35602,121],{"class":120},[55,35604,103],{"class":69},[55,35606,1910],{"class":1898},[55,35608,103],{"class":69},[55,35610,7829],{"class":99},[55,35612,1867],{"class":69},[55,35614,35615,35617,35619,35621,35623,35625],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,35616,121],{"class":120},[55,35618,103],{"class":69},[55,35620,34515],{"class":120},[55,35622,103],{"class":69},[55,35624,7829],{"class":99},[55,35626,1867],{"class":69},[55,35628,35629,35631,35633,35635,35637,35639],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,35630,1893],{"class":120},[55,35632,103],{"class":69},[55,35634,7829],{"class":99},[55,35636,44],{"class":69},[55,35638,34619],{"class":1880},[55,35640,114],{"class":69},[20,35642,35643],{},"And for modules:",[46,35645,35646],{"className":48,"code":35226,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,35647,35648,35654,35658],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35649,35650,35652],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35651,35233],{"class":4040},[55,35653,35236],{"class":61},[55,35655,35656],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,35657,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,35659,35660,35662,35664,35666,35668,35670],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,35661,121],{"class":120},[55,35663,103],{"class":69},[55,35665,34515],{"class":120},[55,35667,103],{"class":69},[55,35669,18564],{"class":99},[55,35671,1867],{"class":69},[20,35673,35674],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[46,35676,35678],{"className":48,"code":35677,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35679,35680,35685,35697,35707,35721,35727],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35681,35682],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35683,35684],{"class":61},"python\n",[55,35686,35687,35689,35691,35693,35695],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,35688,8037],{"class":61},[55,35690,66],{"class":65},[55,35692,258],{"class":247},[55,35694,4009],{"class":251},[55,35696,3522],{"class":247},[55,35698,35699,35701,35703,35705],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,35700,34515],{"class":120},[55,35702,103],{"class":69},[55,35704,7829],{"class":99},[55,35706,114],{"class":69},[55,35708,35709,35711,35713,35715,35717,35719],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,35710,1893],{"class":120},[55,35712,103],{"class":69},[55,35714,7829],{"class":99},[55,35716,44],{"class":69},[55,35718,34619],{"class":1880},[55,35720,114],{"class":69},[55,35722,35723,35725],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,35724,35233],{"class":4040},[55,35726,35236],{"class":61},[55,35728,35729,35731,35733,35735],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,35730,34515],{"class":120},[55,35732,103],{"class":69},[55,35734,18564],{"class":99},[55,35736,114],{"class":69},[142,35738,1986],{"id":1985},[577,35740,5303,35742,5306],{"id":35741},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35743,34454],{},[20,35745,35746],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[577,35748,2022,35750,352,35752,2027],{"id":35749},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35751,34454],{},[15,35753,35169],{},[20,35755,35756,35758,35759,35761],{},[15,35757,34454],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35760,35169],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[577,35763,35765,35766,35768],{"id":35764},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35767,34454],{}," output?",[20,35770,35771],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[577,35773,2009,35775,35777,35778,2027],{"id":35774},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35776,34454],{}," help fix ",[15,35779,25816],{},[20,35781,35782,35783,44],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[36,35784,35785],{"href":35561},"object has no attribute",[142,35787,2039],{"id":2038},[155,35789,35790,35796,35801,35805,35809],{},[158,35791,35792],{},[36,35793,3740,35794,3673],{"href":35166},[15,35795,35169],{},[158,35797,35798],{},[36,35799,35800],{"href":35561},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[158,35802,35803],{},[36,35804,35293],{"href":35292},[158,35806,35807],{},[36,35808,35299],{"href":35298},[158,35810,35811],{},[36,35812,3740,35813,3673],{"href":34950},[15,35814,2464],{},[20,35816,35817,35818,35820,35821,35823],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35819,34454],{}," together with ",[15,35822,35169],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2080,35825,35826],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":35828},[35829,35830,35832,35837,35842,35844,35845,35851,35856,35863,35864,35874],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":34629,"depth":91,"text":35831},"What dir() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319,"children":35833},[35834,35836],{"id":34682,"depth":117,"text":35835},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34738,"depth":117,"text":34526},{"id":34806,"depth":91,"text":35838,"children":35839},"Using dir() with a value",[35840,35841],{"id":34818,"depth":117,"text":34819},{"id":34879,"depth":117,"text":34880},{"id":34959,"depth":91,"text":35843},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35059,"depth":91,"text":35060},{"id":35205,"depth":91,"text":35846,"children":35847},"dir() on modules",[35848,35850],{"id":35219,"depth":117,"text":35849},"Example: math module",{"id":35302,"depth":117,"text":35303},{"id":35352,"depth":91,"text":35852,"children":35853},"dir() vs help()",[35854,35855],{"id":34515,"depth":117,"text":34454},{"id":1893,"depth":117,"text":35169},{"id":25501,"depth":91,"text":25502,"children":35857},[35858,35860,35861,35862],{"id":35458,"depth":117,"text":35859},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35478,"depth":117,"text":35479},{"id":35488,"depth":117,"text":35489},{"id":35518,"depth":117,"text":35519},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":35865},[35866,35868,35870,35872],{"id":35741,"depth":117,"text":35867},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35749,"depth":117,"text":35869},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35764,"depth":117,"text":35871},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35774,"depth":117,"text":35873},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34446,"description":35875},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35882,"title":35883,"body":35884,"description":37699,"extension":2124,"meta":37700,"navigation":428,"path":37701,"seo":37702,"stem":37703,"__hash__":37704},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35885,"toc":37668},[35886,35892,35897,35900,35908,35914,35916,35994,35996,36022,36027,36032,36037,36040,36051,36054,36056,36135,36137,36163,36170,36172,36174,36199,36202,36215,36220,36222,36301,36303,36329,36338,36343,36351,36357,36364,36367,36369,36448,36451,36508,36510,36547,36553,36558,36563,36565,36579,36581,36684,36686,36729,36738,36748,36755,36761,36768,36851,36853,36876,36879,36882,36884,36888,36892,36895,36958,36981,36984,36988,36994,36996,37063,37066,37143,37148,37154,37157,37160,37206,37208,37232,37237,37241,37246,37252,37315,37318,37320,37323,37348,37351,37486,37488,37589,37591,37596,37599,37605,37615,37623,37628,37634,37640,37642,37665],[10,35887,3740,35889,3744],{"id":35888},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35890,35891],{},"enumerate()",[20,35893,35894,35896],{},[15,35895,35891],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35898,35899],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[155,35901,35902,35905],{},[158,35903,35904],{},"the item itself",[158,35906,35907],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35909,35910,35911,35913],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35912,35891],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[142,35915,2165],{"id":2164},[46,35917,35919],{"className":48,"code":35918,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35920,35921,35953,35957,35979],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35922,35923,35925,35927,35929,35931,35933,35935,35937,35939,35941,35943,35945,35947,35949,35951],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35924,372],{"class":61},[55,35926,66],{"class":65},[55,35928,70],{"class":69},[55,35930,248],{"class":247},[55,35932,381],{"class":251},[55,35934,248],{"class":247},[55,35936,77],{"class":69},[55,35938,258],{"class":247},[55,35940,399],{"class":251},[55,35942,248],{"class":247},[55,35944,77],{"class":69},[55,35946,258],{"class":247},[55,35948,390],{"class":251},[55,35950,248],{"class":247},[55,35952,88],{"class":69},[55,35954,35955],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,35956,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,35958,35959,35961,35963,35965,35968,35970,35973,35975,35977],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,35960,6115],{"class":4040},[55,35962,1451],{"class":61},[55,35964,77],{"class":69},[55,35966,35967],{"class":61}," color ",[55,35969,4047],{"class":4040},[55,35971,35972],{"class":120}," enumerate",[55,35974,103],{"class":69},[55,35976,434],{"class":99},[55,35978,8502],{"class":69},[55,35980,35981,35983,35985,35987,35989,35992],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,35982,8230],{"class":120},[55,35984,103],{"class":69},[55,35986,201],{"class":99},[55,35988,77],{"class":69},[55,35990,35991],{"class":99}," color",[55,35993,114],{"class":69},[20,35995,302],{},[46,35997,35999],{"className":48,"code":35998,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36000,36001,36008,36015],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36002,36003,36005],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36004,227],{"class":73},[55,36006,36007],{"class":61}," red\n",[55,36009,36010,36012],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,36011,74],{"class":73},[55,36013,36014],{"class":61}," green\n",[55,36016,36017,36019],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,36018,106],{"class":73},[55,36020,36021],{"class":61}," blue\n",[20,36023,31,36024,36026],{},[15,36025,35891],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[142,36028,145,36030,148],{"id":36029},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36031,35891],{},[20,36033,36034,36036],{},[15,36035,35891],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36038,36039],{},"It is commonly used with:",[155,36041,36042,36044,36046,36048],{},[158,36043,5460],{},[158,36045,5463],{},[158,36047,5469],{},[158,36049,36050],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36052,36053],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36055,230],{},[46,36057,36059],{"className":48,"code":36058,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36060,36061,36095,36099,36120],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36062,36063,36065,36067,36069,36071,36073,36075,36077,36079,36082,36084,36086,36088,36091,36093],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36064,5155],{"class":61},[55,36066,66],{"class":65},[55,36068,70],{"class":69},[55,36070,248],{"class":247},[55,36072,13036],{"class":251},[55,36074,248],{"class":247},[55,36076,77],{"class":69},[55,36078,258],{"class":247},[55,36080,36081],{"class":251},"Ben",[55,36083,248],{"class":247},[55,36085,77],{"class":69},[55,36087,258],{"class":247},[55,36089,36090],{"class":251},"Cara",[55,36092,248],{"class":247},[55,36094,88],{"class":69},[55,36096,36097],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,36098,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,36100,36101,36103,36105,36107,36110,36112,36114,36116,36118],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,36102,6115],{"class":4040},[55,36104,1451],{"class":61},[55,36106,77],{"class":69},[55,36108,36109],{"class":61}," name ",[55,36111,4047],{"class":4040},[55,36113,35972],{"class":120},[55,36115,103],{"class":69},[55,36117,5199],{"class":99},[55,36119,8502],{"class":69},[55,36121,36122,36124,36126,36128,36130,36133],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,36123,8230],{"class":120},[55,36125,103],{"class":69},[55,36127,201],{"class":99},[55,36129,77],{"class":69},[55,36131,36132],{"class":99}," name",[55,36134,114],{"class":69},[20,36136,302],{},[46,36138,36140],{"className":48,"code":36139,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36141,36142,36149,36156],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36143,36144,36146],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36145,227],{"class":73},[55,36147,36148],{"class":61}," Ana\n",[55,36150,36151,36153],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,36152,74],{"class":73},[55,36154,36155],{"class":61}," Ben\n",[55,36157,36158,36160],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,36159,106],{"class":73},[55,36161,36162],{"class":61}," Cara\n",[20,36164,36165,36166,44],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[36,36167,36169],{"href":36168},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[142,36171,2319],{"id":2318},[20,36173,2322],{},[46,36175,36177],{"className":48,"code":36176,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36178,36179],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36180,36181,36184,36186,36188,36190,36193,36195,36197],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36182,36183],{"class":120},"enumerate",[55,36185,103],{"class":69},[55,36187,3884],{"class":99},[55,36189,77],{"class":69},[55,36191,36192],{"class":9337}," start",[55,36194,66],{"class":65},[55,36196,227],{"class":73},[55,36198,114],{"class":69},[20,36200,36201],{},"It has two parts:",[155,36203,36204,36209],{},[158,36205,36206,36208],{},[15,36207,3884],{},": the object you want to loop through",[158,36210,36211,36214],{},[15,36212,36213],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36216,36217,36218,44],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36219,227],{},[20,36221,230],{},[46,36223,36225],{"className":48,"code":36224,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36226,36227,36259,36263,36285],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36228,36229,36231,36233,36235,36237,36239,36241,36243,36245,36247,36249,36251,36253,36255,36257],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36230,240],{"class":61},[55,36232,66],{"class":65},[55,36234,70],{"class":69},[55,36236,248],{"class":247},[55,36238,36],{"class":251},[55,36240,248],{"class":247},[55,36242,77],{"class":69},[55,36244,258],{"class":247},[55,36246,285],{"class":251},[55,36248,248],{"class":247},[55,36250,77],{"class":69},[55,36252,258],{"class":247},[55,36254,261],{"class":251},[55,36256,248],{"class":247},[55,36258,88],{"class":69},[55,36260,36261],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,36262,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,36264,36265,36267,36270,36272,36275,36277,36279,36281,36283],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,36266,6115],{"class":4040},[55,36268,36269],{"class":61}," i",[55,36271,77],{"class":69},[55,36273,36274],{"class":61}," letter ",[55,36276,4047],{"class":4040},[55,36278,35972],{"class":120},[55,36280,103],{"class":69},[55,36282,270],{"class":99},[55,36284,8502],{"class":69},[55,36286,36287,36289,36291,36294,36296,36299],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,36288,8230],{"class":120},[55,36290,103],{"class":69},[55,36292,36293],{"class":99},"i",[55,36295,77],{"class":69},[55,36297,36298],{"class":99}," letter",[55,36300,114],{"class":69},[20,36302,302],{},[46,36304,36306],{"className":48,"code":36305,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36307,36308,36315,36322],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36309,36310,36312],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36311,227],{"class":73},[55,36313,36314],{"class":61}," a\n",[55,36316,36317,36319],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,36318,74],{"class":73},[55,36320,36321],{"class":61}," b\n",[55,36323,36324,36326],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,36325,106],{"class":73},[55,36327,36328],{"class":61}," c\n",[20,36330,36331,36332,44],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[36,36333,3740,36335,3673],{"href":36334},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36336,36337],{},"range()",[142,36339,145,36341,11862],{"id":36340},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36342,35891],{},[20,36344,36345,36347,36348,44],{},[15,36346,35891],{}," returns an ",[1966,36349,36350],{},"enumerate object",[20,36352,36353,36354,36356],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36355,6115],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[155,36358,36359],{},[158,36360,36361],{},[15,36362,36363],{},"(index, item)",[20,36365,36366],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36368,230],{},[46,36370,36372],{"className":48,"code":36371,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36373,36374,36407,36411,36433],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36375,36376,36379,36381,36383,36385,36387,36389,36391,36393,36395,36397,36399,36401,36403,36405],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36377,36378],{"class":61},"fruits ",[55,36380,66],{"class":65},[55,36382,70],{"class":69},[55,36384,248],{"class":247},[55,36386,1035],{"class":251},[55,36388,248],{"class":247},[55,36390,77],{"class":69},[55,36392,258],{"class":247},[55,36394,1072],{"class":251},[55,36396,248],{"class":247},[55,36398,77],{"class":69},[55,36400,258],{"class":247},[55,36402,1044],{"class":251},[55,36404,248],{"class":247},[55,36406,88],{"class":69},[55,36408,36409],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,36410,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,36412,36413,36415,36417,36419,36422,36424,36426,36428,36431],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,36414,6115],{"class":4040},[55,36416,1451],{"class":61},[55,36418,77],{"class":69},[55,36420,36421],{"class":61}," fruit ",[55,36423,4047],{"class":4040},[55,36425,35972],{"class":120},[55,36427,103],{"class":69},[55,36429,36430],{"class":99},"fruits",[55,36432,8502],{"class":69},[55,36434,36435,36437,36439,36441,36443,36446],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,36436,8230],{"class":120},[55,36438,103],{"class":69},[55,36440,201],{"class":99},[55,36442,77],{"class":69},[55,36444,36445],{"class":99}," fruit",[55,36447,114],{"class":69},[20,36449,36450],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[46,36452,36454],{"className":48,"code":36453,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36455,36456,36476,36480,36498],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36457,36458,36460,36462,36464,36466,36468,36470,36472,36474],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36459,62],{"class":61},[55,36461,66],{"class":65},[55,36463,70],{"class":69},[55,36465,800],{"class":73},[55,36467,77],{"class":69},[55,36469,7951],{"class":73},[55,36471,77],{"class":69},[55,36473,7956],{"class":73},[55,36475,88],{"class":69},[55,36477,36478],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,36479,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,36481,36482,36484,36486,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,36483,1255],{"class":61},[55,36485,66],{"class":65},[55,36487,22705],{"class":1898},[55,36489,103],{"class":69},[55,36491,36183],{"class":120},[55,36493,103],{"class":69},[55,36495,94],{"class":99},[55,36497,1867],{"class":69},[55,36499,36500,36502,36504,36506],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,36501,121],{"class":120},[55,36503,103],{"class":69},[55,36505,1288],{"class":99},[55,36507,114],{"class":69},[20,36509,302],{},[46,36511,36513],{"className":48,"code":36512,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36514,36515],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36516,36517,36519,36521,36523,36525,36527,36529,36531,36533,36535,36537,36539,36541,36543,36545],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36518,21887],{"class":69},[55,36520,227],{"class":73},[55,36522,77],{"class":69},[55,36524,6162],{"class":73},[55,36526,9395],{"class":69},[55,36528,9398],{"class":69},[55,36530,74],{"class":73},[55,36532,77],{"class":69},[55,36534,7951],{"class":73},[55,36536,9395],{"class":69},[55,36538,9398],{"class":69},[55,36540,106],{"class":73},[55,36542,77],{"class":69},[55,36544,7956],{"class":73},[55,36546,9411],{"class":69},[20,36548,36549,36550,36552],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36551,35891],{}," produces.",[142,36554,1937,36556],{"id":36555},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36557,35891],{},[20,36559,31,36560,36562],{},[15,36561,35891],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36564,1947],{},[155,36566,36567,36570,36573,36576],{},[158,36568,36569],{},"printing numbered output",[158,36571,36572],{},"building menus",[158,36574,36575],{},"showing positions in a list",[158,36577,36578],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36580,230],{},[46,36582,36584],{"className":48,"code":36583,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36585,36586,36621,36625,36655],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36587,36588,36590,36592,36594,36596,36599,36601,36603,36605,36608,36610,36612,36614,36617,36619],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36589,30042],{"class":61},[55,36591,66],{"class":65},[55,36593,70],{"class":69},[55,36595,248],{"class":247},[55,36597,36598],{"class":251},"Wash dishes",[55,36600,248],{"class":247},[55,36602,77],{"class":69},[55,36604,258],{"class":247},[55,36606,36607],{"class":251},"Study Python",[55,36609,248],{"class":247},[55,36611,77],{"class":69},[55,36613,258],{"class":247},[55,36615,36616],{"class":251},"Go for a walk",[55,36618,248],{"class":247},[55,36620,88],{"class":69},[55,36622,36623],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,36624,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,36626,36627,36629,36631,36633,36636,36638,36640,36642,36645,36647,36649,36651,36653],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,36628,6115],{"class":4040},[55,36630,2360],{"class":61},[55,36632,77],{"class":69},[55,36634,36635],{"class":61}," task ",[55,36637,4047],{"class":4040},[55,36639,35972],{"class":120},[55,36641,103],{"class":69},[55,36643,36644],{"class":99},"tasks",[55,36646,77],{"class":69},[55,36648,36192],{"class":9337},[55,36650,66],{"class":65},[55,36652,74],{"class":73},[55,36654,8502],{"class":69},[55,36656,36657,36659,36661,36663,36665,36667,36669,36671,36673,36675,36678,36680,36682],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,36658,8230],{"class":120},[55,36660,103],{"class":69},[55,36662,22441],{"class":2226},[55,36664,248],{"class":251},[55,36666,9440],{"class":73},[55,36668,2402],{"class":99},[55,36670,22450],{"class":73},[55,36672,28458],{"class":251},[55,36674,9440],{"class":73},[55,36676,36677],{"class":99},"task",[55,36679,22450],{"class":73},[55,36681,248],{"class":251},[55,36683,114],{"class":69},[20,36685,302],{},[46,36687,36689],{"className":48,"code":36688,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36690,36691,36703,36715],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36692,36693,36695,36697,36700],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36694,74],{"class":73},[55,36696,44],{"class":69},[55,36698,36699],{"class":1880}," Wash",[55,36701,36702],{"class":61}," dishes\n",[55,36704,36705,36707,36709,36712],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,36706,106],{"class":73},[55,36708,44],{"class":69},[55,36710,36711],{"class":1880}," Study",[55,36713,36714],{"class":61}," Python\n",[55,36716,36717,36719,36721,36724,36726],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,36718,2223],{"class":73},[55,36720,44],{"class":69},[55,36722,36723],{"class":1880}," Go",[55,36725,4041],{"class":4040},[55,36727,36728],{"class":61}," a walk\n",[20,36730,36731,36732,36734,36735,44],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36733,35891],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36736,36737],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36739,36740,36741,44],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[36,36742,36744,36745,36747],{"href":36743},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36746,35891],{}," in Python",[142,36749,36751,36752,36754],{"id":36750},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36753,36213],{}," argument",[20,36756,36757,36758,36760],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36759,36213],{}," argument.",[20,36762,36763,36764,11252,36766,153],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36765,74],{},[15,36767,227],{},[46,36769,36771],{"className":48,"code":36770,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36772,36773,36805,36809,36837],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36774,36775,36777,36779,36781,36783,36785,36787,36789,36791,36793,36795,36797,36799,36801,36803],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36776,372],{"class":61},[55,36778,66],{"class":65},[55,36780,70],{"class":69},[55,36782,248],{"class":247},[55,36784,381],{"class":251},[55,36786,248],{"class":247},[55,36788,77],{"class":69},[55,36790,258],{"class":247},[55,36792,399],{"class":251},[55,36794,248],{"class":247},[55,36796,77],{"class":69},[55,36798,258],{"class":247},[55,36800,390],{"class":251},[55,36802,248],{"class":247},[55,36804,88],{"class":69},[55,36806,36807],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,36808,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,36810,36811,36813,36815,36817,36819,36821,36823,36825,36827,36829,36831,36833,36835],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,36812,6115],{"class":4040},[55,36814,1451],{"class":61},[55,36816,77],{"class":69},[55,36818,35967],{"class":61},[55,36820,4047],{"class":4040},[55,36822,35972],{"class":120},[55,36824,103],{"class":69},[55,36826,434],{"class":99},[55,36828,77],{"class":69},[55,36830,36192],{"class":9337},[55,36832,66],{"class":65},[55,36834,74],{"class":73},[55,36836,8502],{"class":69},[55,36838,36839,36841,36843,36845,36847,36849],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,36840,8230],{"class":120},[55,36842,103],{"class":69},[55,36844,201],{"class":99},[55,36846,77],{"class":69},[55,36848,35991],{"class":99},[55,36850,114],{"class":69},[20,36852,302],{},[46,36854,36856],{"className":48,"code":36855,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36857,36858,36864,36870],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36859,36860,36862],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36861,74],{"class":73},[55,36863,36007],{"class":61},[55,36865,36866,36868],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,36867,106],{"class":73},[55,36869,36014],{"class":61},[55,36871,36872,36874],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,36873,2223],{"class":73},[55,36875,36021],{"class":61},[20,36877,36878],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36880,36881],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[142,36883,25502],{"id":25501},[20,36885,25505,36886,44],{},[15,36887,35891],{},[577,36889,36891],{"id":36890},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36893,36894],{},"In this loop:",[46,36896,36898],{"className":48,"code":36897,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36899,36900,36920,36924,36944],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36901,36902,36904,36906,36908,36910,36912,36914,36916,36918],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36903,62],{"class":61},[55,36905,66],{"class":65},[55,36907,70],{"class":69},[55,36909,800],{"class":73},[55,36911,77],{"class":69},[55,36913,7951],{"class":73},[55,36915,77],{"class":69},[55,36917,7956],{"class":73},[55,36919,88],{"class":69},[55,36921,36922],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,36923,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,36925,36926,36928,36930,36932,36934,36936,36938,36940,36942],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,36927,6115],{"class":4040},[55,36929,1451],{"class":61},[55,36931,77],{"class":69},[55,36933,21731],{"class":61},[55,36935,4047],{"class":4040},[55,36937,35972],{"class":120},[55,36939,103],{"class":69},[55,36941,94],{"class":99},[55,36943,8502],{"class":69},[55,36945,36946,36948,36950,36952,36954,36956],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,36947,8230],{"class":120},[55,36949,103],{"class":69},[55,36951,201],{"class":99},[55,36953,77],{"class":69},[55,36955,8594],{"class":99},[55,36957,114],{"class":69},[155,36959,36960,36970],{},[158,36961,36962,4944,36964,2352,36966,2352,36968],{},[15,36963,201],{},[15,36965,227],{},[15,36967,74],{},[15,36969,106],{},[158,36971,36972,4944,36974,2352,36976,2352,36978],{},[15,36973,2633],{},[15,36975,800],{},[15,36977,15904],{},[15,36979,36980],{},"30",[20,36982,36983],{},"These are different things.",[577,36985,36987],{"id":36986},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36989,36990,36991,36993],{},"Each item from ",[15,36992,35891],{}," is a pair.",[20,36995,6847],{},[46,36997,36999],{"className":48,"code":36998,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37000,37001,37025,37029,37049],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37002,37003,37005,37007,37009,37011,37013,37015,37017,37019,37021,37023],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37004,1026],{"class":61},[55,37006,66],{"class":65},[55,37008,70],{"class":69},[55,37010,248],{"class":247},[55,37012,2336],{"class":251},[55,37014,248],{"class":247},[55,37016,77],{"class":69},[55,37018,258],{"class":247},[55,37020,11902],{"class":251},[55,37022,248],{"class":247},[55,37024,88],{"class":69},[55,37026,37027],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,37028,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,37030,37031,37033,37035,37037,37039,37041,37043,37045,37047],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,37032,6115],{"class":4040},[55,37034,36269],{"class":61},[55,37036,77],{"class":69},[55,37038,6118],{"class":61},[55,37040,4047],{"class":4040},[55,37042,35972],{"class":120},[55,37044,103],{"class":69},[55,37046,1057],{"class":99},[55,37048,8502],{"class":69},[55,37050,37051,37053,37055,37057,37059,37061],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,37052,8230],{"class":120},[55,37054,103],{"class":69},[55,37056,36293],{"class":99},[55,37058,77],{"class":69},[55,37060,206],{"class":99},[55,37062,114],{"class":69},[20,37064,37065],{},"But this causes an error:",[46,37067,37069],{"className":48,"code":37068,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37070,37071,37095,37099,37124],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37072,37073,37075,37077,37079,37081,37083,37085,37087,37089,37091,37093],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37074,1026],{"class":61},[55,37076,66],{"class":65},[55,37078,70],{"class":69},[55,37080,248],{"class":247},[55,37082,2336],{"class":251},[55,37084,248],{"class":247},[55,37086,77],{"class":69},[55,37088,258],{"class":247},[55,37090,11902],{"class":251},[55,37092,248],{"class":247},[55,37094,88],{"class":69},[55,37096,37097],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,37098,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,37100,37101,37103,37105,37107,37109,37111,37114,37116,37118,37120,37122],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,37102,6115],{"class":4040},[55,37104,36269],{"class":61},[55,37106,77],{"class":69},[55,37108,206],{"class":61},[55,37110,77],{"class":69},[55,37112,37113],{"class":61}," extra ",[55,37115,4047],{"class":4040},[55,37117,35972],{"class":120},[55,37119,103],{"class":69},[55,37121,1057],{"class":99},[55,37123,8502],{"class":69},[55,37125,37126,37128,37130,37132,37134,37136,37138,37141],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,37127,8230],{"class":120},[55,37129,103],{"class":69},[55,37131,36293],{"class":99},[55,37133,77],{"class":69},[55,37135,206],{"class":99},[55,37137,77],{"class":69},[55,37139,37140],{"class":99}," extra",[55,37142,114],{"class":69},[20,37144,29206,37145,37147],{},[15,37146,35891],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[577,37149,37151,37153],{"id":37150},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37152,35891],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37155,37156],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37158,37159],{},"Example with a string:",[46,37161,37163],{"className":48,"code":37162,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37164,37165,37191],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37166,37167,37169,37171,37173,37176,37178,37180,37182,37184,37187,37189],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37168,6115],{"class":4040},[55,37170,1451],{"class":61},[55,37172,77],{"class":69},[55,37174,37175],{"class":61}," char ",[55,37177,4047],{"class":4040},[55,37179,35972],{"class":120},[55,37181,103],{"class":69},[55,37183,248],{"class":247},[55,37185,37186],{"class":251},"cat",[55,37188,248],{"class":247},[55,37190,8502],{"class":69},[55,37192,37193,37195,37197,37199,37201,37204],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,37194,8230],{"class":120},[55,37196,103],{"class":69},[55,37198,201],{"class":99},[55,37200,77],{"class":69},[55,37202,37203],{"class":99}," char",[55,37205,114],{"class":69},[20,37207,302],{},[46,37209,37211],{"className":48,"code":37210,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37212,37213,37219,37225],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37214,37215,37217],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37216,227],{"class":73},[55,37218,36328],{"class":61},[55,37220,37221,37223],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,37222,74],{"class":73},[55,37224,36314],{"class":61},[55,37226,37227,37229],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,37228,106],{"class":73},[55,37230,37231],{"class":61}," t\n",[20,37233,37234,37235,44],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[36,37236,5297],{"href":5745},[577,37238,37240],{"id":37239},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37242,37243,37244,44],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37245,35891],{},[20,37247,37248,37249,37251],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37250,6115],{}," loop:",[46,37253,37255],{"className":48,"code":37254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37256,37257,37289,37293,37305],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37258,37259,37261,37263,37265,37267,37269,37271,37273,37275,37277,37279,37281,37283,37285,37287],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37260,372],{"class":61},[55,37262,66],{"class":65},[55,37264,70],{"class":69},[55,37266,248],{"class":247},[55,37268,381],{"class":251},[55,37270,248],{"class":247},[55,37272,77],{"class":69},[55,37274,258],{"class":247},[55,37276,399],{"class":251},[55,37278,248],{"class":247},[55,37280,77],{"class":69},[55,37282,258],{"class":247},[55,37284,390],{"class":251},[55,37286,248],{"class":247},[55,37288,88],{"class":69},[55,37290,37291],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,37292,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,37294,37295,37297,37299,37301,37303],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,37296,6115],{"class":4040},[55,37298,35967],{"class":61},[55,37300,4047],{"class":4040},[55,37302,421],{"class":61},[55,37304,6552],{"class":69},[55,37306,37307,37309,37311,37313],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,37308,8230],{"class":120},[55,37310,103],{"class":69},[55,37312,33035],{"class":99},[55,37314,114],{"class":69},[20,37316,37317],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[142,37319,2992],{"id":2991},[20,37321,37322],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[155,37324,37325,37330,37336,37341],{},[158,37326,23246,37327,37329],{},[15,37328,35891],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[158,37331,37332,37333,37335],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37334,227],{}," by default",[158,37337,8578,37338,37340],{},[15,37339,35891],{}," when only values are needed",[158,37342,37343,37344,8866,37346],{},"Confusing ",[15,37345,35891],{},[15,37347,36337],{},[20,37349,37350],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[46,37352,37354],{"className":48,"code":37353,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37355,37356,37378,37405,37439,37472],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37357,37358,37360,37362,37364,37366,37368,37370,37372,37374,37376],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37359,121],{"class":120},[55,37361,103],{"class":69},[55,37363,36183],{"class":120},[55,37365,3149],{"class":69},[55,37367,800],{"class":73},[55,37369,77],{"class":69},[55,37371,7951],{"class":73},[55,37373,77],{"class":69},[55,37375,7956],{"class":73},[55,37377,3162],{"class":69},[55,37379,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394,37396,37398,37400,37402],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,37381,121],{"class":120},[55,37383,103],{"class":69},[55,37385,1899],{"class":1898},[55,37387,103],{"class":69},[55,37389,36183],{"class":120},[55,37391,3149],{"class":69},[55,37393,800],{"class":73},[55,37395,77],{"class":69},[55,37397,7951],{"class":73},[55,37399,77],{"class":69},[55,37401,7956],{"class":73},[55,37403,37404],{"class":69},"])))\n",[55,37406,37407,37409,37411,37413,37415,37417,37419,37421,37423,37425,37427,37429,37431,37433,37435,37437],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,37408,121],{"class":120},[55,37410,103],{"class":69},[55,37412,1899],{"class":1898},[55,37414,103],{"class":69},[55,37416,36183],{"class":120},[55,37418,3149],{"class":69},[55,37420,800],{"class":73},[55,37422,77],{"class":69},[55,37424,7951],{"class":73},[55,37426,77],{"class":69},[55,37428,7956],{"class":73},[55,37430,1813],{"class":69},[55,37432,36192],{"class":9337},[55,37434,66],{"class":65},[55,37436,74],{"class":73},[55,37438,3075],{"class":69},[55,37440,37441,37443,37445,37447,37449,37451,37453,37455,37457,37459,37461,37463,37465,37467,37469],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,37442,6115],{"class":4040},[55,37444,36269],{"class":61},[55,37446,77],{"class":69},[55,37448,21731],{"class":61},[55,37450,4047],{"class":4040},[55,37452,35972],{"class":120},[55,37454,3149],{"class":69},[55,37456,315],{"class":247},[55,37458,36],{"class":251},[55,37460,315],{"class":247},[55,37462,77],{"class":69},[55,37464,324],{"class":247},[55,37466,285],{"class":251},[55,37468,315],{"class":247},[55,37470,37471],{"class":69},"]):\n",[55,37473,37474,37476,37478,37480,37482,37484],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,37475,8230],{"class":120},[55,37477,103],{"class":69},[55,37479,36293],{"class":99},[55,37481,77],{"class":69},[55,37483,8594],{"class":99},[55,37485,114],{"class":69},[20,37487,17108],{},[46,37489,37491],{"className":48,"code":37490,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37492,37493,37513,37545,37577,37583],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37494,37495,37497,37499,37501,37504,37508,37511],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37496,3454],{"class":65},[55,37498,36183],{"class":120},[55,37500,24762],{"class":1898},[55,37502,37503],{"class":61}," at ",[55,37505,37507],{"class":37506},"srjyR","0x",[55,37509,37510],{"class":1885},"...",[55,37512,3466],{"class":65},[55,37514,37515,37517,37519,37521,37523,37525,37527,37529,37531,37533,37535,37537,37539,37541,37543],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,37516,21887],{"class":69},[55,37518,227],{"class":73},[55,37520,77],{"class":69},[55,37522,6162],{"class":73},[55,37524,9395],{"class":69},[55,37526,9398],{"class":69},[55,37528,74],{"class":73},[55,37530,77],{"class":69},[55,37532,7951],{"class":73},[55,37534,9395],{"class":69},[55,37536,9398],{"class":69},[55,37538,106],{"class":73},[55,37540,77],{"class":69},[55,37542,7956],{"class":73},[55,37544,9411],{"class":69},[55,37546,37547,37549,37551,37553,37555,37557,37559,37561,37563,37565,37567,37569,37571,37573,37575],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,37548,21887],{"class":69},[55,37550,74],{"class":73},[55,37552,77],{"class":69},[55,37554,6162],{"class":73},[55,37556,9395],{"class":69},[55,37558,9398],{"class":69},[55,37560,106],{"class":73},[55,37562,77],{"class":69},[55,37564,7951],{"class":73},[55,37566,9395],{"class":69},[55,37568,9398],{"class":69},[55,37570,2223],{"class":73},[55,37572,77],{"class":69},[55,37574,7956],{"class":73},[55,37576,9411],{"class":69},[55,37578,37579,37581],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,37580,227],{"class":73},[55,37582,36314],{"class":61},[55,37584,37585,37587],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,37586,74],{"class":73},[55,37588,36321],{"class":61},[142,37590,1986],{"id":1985},[577,37592,5303,37594,5306],{"id":37593},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37595,35891],{},[20,37597,37598],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[577,37600,1990,37602,37604],{"id":37601},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37603,35891],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37606,37607,37608,37610,37611,37614],{},"It starts at ",[15,37609,227],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37612,37613],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[577,37616,21567,37618,11252,37620,2027],{"id":37617},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37619,35891],{},[15,37621,37622],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37624,36731,37625,37627],{},[15,37626,35891],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[577,37629,2009,37631,37633],{"id":37630},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37632,35891],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37635,37636,37637,37639],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37638,35891],{}," can return each character with its index.",[142,37641,2039],{"id":2038},[155,37643,37644,37648,37654,37661],{},[158,37645,37646],{},[36,37647,36169],{"href":36168},[158,37649,37650],{},[36,37651,3740,37652,3673],{"href":36334},[15,37653,36337],{},[158,37655,37656],{},[36,37657,37658,37659,36747],{"href":36743},"How to use ",[15,37660,35891],{},[158,37662,37663],{},[36,37664,5376],{"href":5745},[2080,37666,37667],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":37669},[37670,37671,37673,37674,37676,37678,37680,37687,37688,37698],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":36029,"depth":91,"text":37672},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":36340,"depth":91,"text":37675},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36555,"depth":91,"text":37677},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36750,"depth":91,"text":37679},"Using the start argument",{"id":25501,"depth":91,"text":25502,"children":37681},[37682,37683,37684,37686],{"id":36890,"depth":117,"text":36891},{"id":36986,"depth":117,"text":36987},{"id":37150,"depth":117,"text":37685},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37239,"depth":117,"text":37240},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":37689},[37690,37692,37694,37696],{"id":37593,"depth":117,"text":37691},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37601,"depth":117,"text":37693},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37617,"depth":117,"text":37695},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37630,"depth":117,"text":37697},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35883,"description":37699},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37706,"title":37707,"body":37708,"description":40224,"extension":2124,"meta":40225,"navigation":428,"path":40226,"seo":40227,"stem":40228,"__hash__":40229},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37709,"toc":40181},[37710,37716,37721,37724,37732,37746,37748,37839,37847,37852,37857,37859,37875,37877,37956,37958,37975,37981,37985,37987,38008,38012,38015,38027,38031,38034,38037,38054,38057,38133,38135,38152,38157,38161,38169,38172,38187,38189,38278,38280,38325,38328,38332,38335,38414,38416,38438,38441,38448,38453,38456,38559,38561,38586,38589,38596,38602,38607,38610,38621,38727,38729,38750,38758,38765,38771,38790,38795,38798,38817,38819,38904,38906,38935,38938,38943,38948,38951,38962,38964,39053,39055,39075,39081,39187,39189,39209,39212,39296,39298,39318,39325,39327,39331,39337,39340,39397,39400,39403,39464,39473,39476,39479,39507,39510,39570,39572,39589,39593,39596,39674,39676,39696,39699,39774,39778,39781,39783,39792,39797,39799,39850,39858,39870,39875,39936,39938,39955,39959,40022,40024,40049,40057,40059,40065,40071,40078,40086,40092,40095,40102,40112,40118,40124,40127,40144,40150,40152,40178],[10,37711,3740,37713,3744],{"id":37712},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37714,37715],{},"filter()",[20,37717,37718,37720],{},[15,37719,37715],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37722,37723],{},"It takes:",[155,37725,37726,37729],{},[158,37727,37728],{},"a function that checks each item",[158,37730,37731],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37733,37734,37735,37738,37739,37742,37743,37745],{},"The result is ",[1966,37736,37737],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37740,37741],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37744,24925],{}," to see the values.",[142,37747,2165],{"id":2164},[46,37749,37751],{"className":48,"code":37750,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37752,37753,37786,37822],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37754,37755,37757,37759,37761,37763,37765,37767,37769,37771,37773,37775,37777,37779,37781,37784],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37756,62],{"class":61},[55,37758,66],{"class":65},[55,37760,70],{"class":69},[55,37762,74],{"class":73},[55,37764,77],{"class":69},[55,37766,80],{"class":73},[55,37768,77],{"class":69},[55,37770,111],{"class":73},[55,37772,77],{"class":69},[55,37774,85],{"class":73},[55,37776,77],{"class":69},[55,37778,4766],{"class":73},[55,37780,77],{"class":69},[55,37782,37783],{"class":73}," 6",[55,37785,88],{"class":69},[55,37787,37788,37790,37792,37795,37797,37800,37804,37806,37808,37810,37812,37814,37816,37818,37820],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,37789,1255],{"class":61},[55,37791,66],{"class":65},[55,37793,37794],{"class":120}," filter",[55,37796,103],{"class":69},[55,37798,37799],{"class":2226},"lambda",[55,37801,37803],{"class":37802},"sFwrP"," x",[55,37805,153],{"class":69},[55,37807,4044],{"class":99},[55,37809,6562],{"class":65},[55,37811,80],{"class":73},[55,37813,6567],{"class":65},[55,37815,3997],{"class":73},[55,37817,77],{"class":69},[55,37819,1260],{"class":99},[55,37821,114],{"class":69},[55,37823,37824,37826,37828,37830,37832,37834,37836],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,37825,121],{"class":120},[55,37827,103],{"class":69},[55,37829,1899],{"class":1898},[55,37831,103],{"class":69},[55,37833,1288],{"class":99},[55,37835,5522],{"class":69},[55,37837,37838],{"class":133},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37840,37841,37843,37844,37846],{},[15,37842,37715],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37845,24925],{}," to see the results.",[142,37848,145,37850,148],{"id":37849},"what-filter-does",[15,37851,37715],{},[20,37853,37854,37856],{},[15,37855,37715],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37858,2268],{},[155,37860,37861,37864,37870],{},[158,37862,37863],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[158,37865,37866,37867,37869],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37868,3769],{},", the item is kept",[158,37871,37866,37872,37874],{},[15,37873,3838],{},", the item is removed",[20,37876,230],{},[46,37878,37880],{"className":48,"code":37879,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37881,37882,37910,37914,37942],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37883,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906,37908],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37885,62],{"class":61},[55,37887,66],{"class":65},[55,37889,70],{"class":69},[55,37891,74],{"class":73},[55,37893,77],{"class":69},[55,37895,80],{"class":73},[55,37897,77],{"class":69},[55,37899,111],{"class":73},[55,37901,77],{"class":69},[55,37903,85],{"class":73},[55,37905,77],{"class":69},[55,37907,4766],{"class":73},[55,37909,88],{"class":69},[55,37911,37912],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,37913,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,37915,37916,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926,37928,37930,37932,37934,37936,37938,37940],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,37917,1255],{"class":61},[55,37919,66],{"class":65},[55,37921,37794],{"class":120},[55,37923,103],{"class":69},[55,37925,37799],{"class":2226},[55,37927,37803],{"class":37802},[55,37929,153],{"class":69},[55,37931,4044],{"class":99},[55,37933,4415],{"class":65},[55,37935,111],{"class":73},[55,37937,77],{"class":69},[55,37939,1260],{"class":99},[55,37941,114],{"class":69},[55,37943,37944,37946,37948,37950,37952,37954],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,37945,121],{"class":120},[55,37947,103],{"class":69},[55,37949,1899],{"class":1898},[55,37951,103],{"class":69},[55,37953,1288],{"class":99},[55,37955,1867],{"class":69},[20,37957,302],{},[46,37959,37961],{"className":48,"code":37960,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37962,37963],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37964,37965,37967,37969,37971,37973],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37966,312],{"class":69},[55,37968,2665],{"class":73},[55,37970,77],{"class":69},[55,37972,4766],{"class":73},[55,37974,88],{"class":69},[20,37976,37977,37978,37980],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37979,2223],{}," are kept.",[142,37982,37984],{"id":37983},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37986,2322],{},[46,37988,37990],{"className":48,"code":37989,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37991,37992],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37993,37994,37996,37998,38001,38003,38006],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37995,37741],{"class":120},[55,37997,103],{"class":69},[55,37999,38000],{"class":99},"function",[55,38002,77],{"class":69},[55,38004,38005],{"class":99}," iterable",[55,38007,114],{"class":69},[577,38009,38010],{"id":38000},[15,38011,38000],{},[20,38013,38014],{},"This is the test function.",[155,38016,38017,38020],{},[158,38018,38019],{},"It receives one item at a time",[158,38021,38022,38023,3041,38025],{},"It should return ",[15,38024,3769],{},[15,38026,3838],{},[577,38028,38029],{"id":3884},[15,38030,3884],{},[20,38032,38033],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38035,38036],{},"It can be:",[155,38038,38039,38042,38045,38048,38051],{},[158,38040,38041],{},"a list",[158,38043,38044],{},"a tuple",[158,38046,38047],{},"a string",[158,38049,38050],{},"a set",[158,38052,38053],{},"another iterable object",[20,38055,38056],{},"Example with a tuple:",[46,38058,38060],{"className":48,"code":38059,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38061,38062,38087,38091,38119],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38063,38064,38066,38068,38070,38072,38074,38077,38079,38081,38083,38085],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38065,62],{"class":61},[55,38067,66],{"class":65},[55,38069,9398],{"class":69},[55,38071,800],{"class":73},[55,38073,77],{"class":69},[55,38075,38076],{"class":73}," 15",[55,38078,77],{"class":69},[55,38080,7951],{"class":73},[55,38082,77],{"class":69},[55,38084,9468],{"class":73},[55,38086,114],{"class":69},[55,38088,38089],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,38090,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,38092,38093,38095,38097,38099,38101,38103,38105,38107,38109,38111,38113,38115,38117],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,38094,1255],{"class":61},[55,38096,66],{"class":65},[55,38098,37794],{"class":120},[55,38100,103],{"class":69},[55,38102,37799],{"class":2226},[55,38104,37803],{"class":37802},[55,38106,153],{"class":69},[55,38108,4044],{"class":99},[55,38110,5259],{"class":65},[55,38112,7951],{"class":73},[55,38114,77],{"class":69},[55,38116,1260],{"class":99},[55,38118,114],{"class":69},[55,38120,38121,38123,38125,38127,38129,38131],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,38122,121],{"class":120},[55,38124,103],{"class":69},[55,38126,1899],{"class":1898},[55,38128,103],{"class":69},[55,38130,1288],{"class":99},[55,38132,1867],{"class":69},[20,38134,302],{},[46,38136,38138],{"className":48,"code":38137,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38139,38140],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38141,38142,38144,38146,38148,38150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38143,312],{"class":69},[55,38145,15904],{"class":73},[55,38147,77],{"class":69},[55,38149,9468],{"class":73},[55,38151,88],{"class":69},[20,38153,38154,38155,44],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[36,38156,5297],{"href":5745},[142,38158,38160],{"id":38159},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38162,38163,38164,22122,38166,44],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38165,37715],{},[1966,38167,38168],{},"filter object",[20,38170,38171],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[155,38173,38174,38177,38182],{},[158,38175,38176],{},"loop through it",[158,38178,38179,38180],{},"convert it with ",[15,38181,24925],{},[158,38183,38179,38184],{},[15,38185,38186],{},"tuple()",[20,38188,230],{},[46,38190,38192],{"className":48,"code":38191,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38193,38194,38236,38240,38250,38264],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38195,38196,38198,38200,38202,38204,38206,38208,38210,38212,38214,38216,38218,38220,38222,38224,38226,38228,38230,38232,38234],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38197,1255],{"class":61},[55,38199,66],{"class":65},[55,38201,37794],{"class":120},[55,38203,103],{"class":69},[55,38205,37799],{"class":2226},[55,38207,37803],{"class":37802},[55,38209,153],{"class":69},[55,38211,4044],{"class":99},[55,38213,4415],{"class":65},[55,38215,80],{"class":73},[55,38217,77],{"class":69},[55,38219,70],{"class":69},[55,38221,74],{"class":73},[55,38223,77],{"class":69},[55,38225,80],{"class":73},[55,38227,77],{"class":69},[55,38229,111],{"class":73},[55,38231,77],{"class":69},[55,38233,85],{"class":73},[55,38235,1777],{"class":69},[55,38237,38238],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,38239,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,38241,38242,38244,38246,38248],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,38243,121],{"class":120},[55,38245,103],{"class":69},[55,38247,1288],{"class":99},[55,38249,114],{"class":69},[55,38251,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,38253,121],{"class":120},[55,38255,103],{"class":69},[55,38257,1910],{"class":1898},[55,38259,103],{"class":69},[55,38261,1288],{"class":99},[55,38263,1867],{"class":69},[55,38265,38266,38268,38270,38272,38274,38276],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,38267,121],{"class":120},[55,38269,103],{"class":69},[55,38271,1899],{"class":1898},[55,38273,103],{"class":69},[55,38275,1288],{"class":99},[55,38277,1867],{"class":69},[20,38279,302],{},[46,38281,38283],{"className":48,"code":38282,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38284,38285,38299,38313],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38286,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38288,3454],{"class":65},[55,38290,37741],{"class":120},[55,38292,24762],{"class":1898},[55,38294,37503],{"class":61},[55,38296,37510],{"class":1885},[55,38298,3466],{"class":65},[55,38300,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,38302,3454],{"class":65},[55,38304,3457],{"class":2226},[55,38306,324],{"class":247},[55,38308,37741],{"class":251},[55,38310,315],{"class":247},[55,38312,3466],{"class":65},[55,38314,38315,38317,38319,38321,38323],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,38316,312],{"class":69},[55,38318,2223],{"class":73},[55,38320,77],{"class":69},[55,38322,85],{"class":73},[55,38324,88],{"class":69},[20,38326,38327],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[577,38329,38331],{"id":38330},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38333,38334],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[46,38336,38338],{"className":48,"code":38337,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38339,38340,38382,38386,38400],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38341,38342,38344,38346,38348,38350,38352,38354,38356,38358,38360,38362,38364,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374,38376,38378,38380],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38343,1255],{"class":61},[55,38345,66],{"class":65},[55,38347,37794],{"class":120},[55,38349,103],{"class":69},[55,38351,37799],{"class":2226},[55,38353,37803],{"class":37802},[55,38355,153],{"class":69},[55,38357,4044],{"class":99},[55,38359,4415],{"class":65},[55,38361,80],{"class":73},[55,38363,77],{"class":69},[55,38365,70],{"class":69},[55,38367,74],{"class":73},[55,38369,77],{"class":69},[55,38371,80],{"class":73},[55,38373,77],{"class":69},[55,38375,111],{"class":73},[55,38377,77],{"class":69},[55,38379,85],{"class":73},[55,38381,1777],{"class":69},[55,38383,38384],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,38385,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,38387,38388,38390,38392,38394,38396,38398],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,38389,121],{"class":120},[55,38391,103],{"class":69},[55,38393,1899],{"class":1898},[55,38395,103],{"class":69},[55,38397,1288],{"class":99},[55,38399,1867],{"class":69},[55,38401,38402,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,38403,121],{"class":120},[55,38405,103],{"class":69},[55,38407,1899],{"class":1898},[55,38409,103],{"class":69},[55,38411,1288],{"class":99},[55,38413,1867],{"class":69},[20,38415,302],{},[46,38417,38419],{"className":48,"code":38418,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38420,38421,38433],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38422,38423,38425,38427,38429,38431],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38424,312],{"class":69},[55,38426,2223],{"class":73},[55,38428,77],{"class":69},[55,38430,85],{"class":73},[55,38432,88],{"class":69},[55,38434,38435],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,38436,38437],{"class":69},"[]\n",[20,38439,38440],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[142,38442,8578,38444,8866,38446],{"id":38443},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38445,37715],{},[15,38447,37799],{},[20,38449,15338,38450,38452],{},[15,38451,37799],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38454,38455],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[46,38457,38459],{"className":48,"code":38458,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38460,38461,38503,38507,38545],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38462,38463,38465,38467,38469,38471,38473,38475,38477,38479,38482,38484,38486,38488,38490,38492,38494,38496,38499,38501],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38464,4234],{"class":61},[55,38466,66],{"class":65},[55,38468,70],{"class":69},[55,38470,248],{"class":247},[55,38472,1035],{"class":251},[55,38474,248],{"class":247},[55,38476,77],{"class":69},[55,38478,258],{"class":247},[55,38480,38481],{"class":251},"kiwi",[55,38483,248],{"class":247},[55,38485,77],{"class":69},[55,38487,258],{"class":247},[55,38489,1072],{"class":251},[55,38491,248],{"class":247},[55,38493,77],{"class":69},[55,38495,258],{"class":247},[55,38497,38498],{"class":251},"fig",[55,38500,248],{"class":247},[55,38502,88],{"class":69},[55,38504,38505],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,38506,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,38508,38509,38511,38513,38515,38517,38519,38522,38524,38527,38529,38532,38534,38537,38539,38541,38543],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,38510,1255],{"class":61},[55,38512,66],{"class":65},[55,38514,37794],{"class":120},[55,38516,103],{"class":69},[55,38518,37799],{"class":2226},[55,38520,38521],{"class":37802}," word",[55,38523,153],{"class":69},[55,38525,38526],{"class":120}," len",[55,38528,103],{"class":69},[55,38530,38531],{"class":99},"word",[55,38533,3825],{"class":69},[55,38535,38536],{"class":65}," >",[55,38538,85],{"class":73},[55,38540,77],{"class":69},[55,38542,6326],{"class":99},[55,38544,114],{"class":69},[55,38546,38547,38549,38551,38553,38555,38557],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,38548,121],{"class":120},[55,38550,103],{"class":69},[55,38552,1899],{"class":1898},[55,38554,103],{"class":69},[55,38556,1288],{"class":99},[55,38558,1867],{"class":69},[20,38560,302],{},[46,38562,38564],{"className":48,"code":38563,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38565,38566],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38567,38568,38570,38572,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582,38584],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38569,312],{"class":69},[55,38571,315],{"class":247},[55,38573,1035],{"class":251},[55,38575,315],{"class":247},[55,38577,77],{"class":69},[55,38579,324],{"class":247},[55,38581,1072],{"class":251},[55,38583,315],{"class":247},[55,38585,88],{"class":69},[20,38587,38588],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38590,38591,38592,44],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[36,38593,38595],{"href":38594},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[142,38597,8578,38599,38601],{"id":38598},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38600,37715],{}," with a named function",[20,38603,38604,38605,44],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38606,37799],{},[20,38608,38609],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[155,38611,38612,38615,38618],{},[158,38613,38614],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[158,38616,38617],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[158,38619,38620],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[46,38622,38624],{"className":48,"code":38623,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38625,38626,38639,38654,38658,38690,38709,38713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38627,38628,38630,38633,38635,38637],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38629,34993],{"class":2226},[55,38631,38632],{"class":34996}," is_even",[55,38634,103],{"class":69},[55,38636,2402],{"class":37802},[55,38638,8502],{"class":69},[55,38640,38641,38643,38645,38647,38649,38651],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,38642,35004],{"class":4040},[55,38644,6545],{"class":61},[55,38646,6562],{"class":65},[55,38648,80],{"class":73},[55,38650,6567],{"class":65},[55,38652,38653],{"class":73}," 0\n",[55,38655,38656],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,38657,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,38659,38660,38662,38664,38666,38668,38670,38672,38674,38676,38678,38680,38682,38684,38686,38688],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,38661,62],{"class":61},[55,38663,66],{"class":65},[55,38665,70],{"class":69},[55,38667,74],{"class":73},[55,38669,77],{"class":69},[55,38671,80],{"class":73},[55,38673,77],{"class":69},[55,38675,111],{"class":73},[55,38677,77],{"class":69},[55,38679,85],{"class":73},[55,38681,77],{"class":69},[55,38683,4766],{"class":73},[55,38685,77],{"class":69},[55,38687,37783],{"class":73},[55,38689,88],{"class":69},[55,38691,38692,38694,38696,38698,38700,38703,38705,38707],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,38693,1255],{"class":61},[55,38695,66],{"class":65},[55,38697,37794],{"class":120},[55,38699,103],{"class":69},[55,38701,38702],{"class":99},"is_even",[55,38704,77],{"class":69},[55,38706,1260],{"class":99},[55,38708,114],{"class":69},[55,38710,38711],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,38712,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,38714,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,38716,121],{"class":120},[55,38718,103],{"class":69},[55,38720,1899],{"class":1898},[55,38722,103],{"class":69},[55,38724,1288],{"class":99},[55,38726,1867],{"class":69},[20,38728,302],{},[46,38730,38732],{"className":48,"code":38731,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38733,38734],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38735,38736,38738,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38737,312],{"class":69},[55,38739,106],{"class":73},[55,38741,77],{"class":69},[55,38743,85],{"class":73},[55,38745,77],{"class":69},[55,38747,37783],{"class":73},[55,38749,88],{"class":69},[20,38751,341,38752,2558,38755,38757],{},[15,38753,38754],{},"is_even()",[15,38756,3769],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[142,38759,8578,38761,8866,38763],{"id":38760},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38762,172],{},[15,38764,37715],{},[20,38766,38767,38768,38770],{},"You can pass ",[15,38769,172],{}," as the first argument:",[46,38772,38774],{"className":48,"code":38773,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38775,38776],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38777,38778,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38779,37741],{"class":120},[55,38781,103],{"class":69},[55,38783,172],{"class":1312},[55,38785,77],{"class":69},[55,38787,38005],{"class":99},[55,38789,114],{"class":69},[20,38791,38792,38793,7500],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[1966,38794,5755],{},[20,38796,38797],{},"Falsy values include:",[155,38799,38800,38804,38809,38813],{},[158,38801,38802],{},[15,38803,227],{},[158,38805,38806,38808],{},[15,38807,3937],{}," (empty string)",[158,38810,38811],{},[15,38812,172],{},[158,38814,38815],{},[15,38816,3838],{},[20,38818,230],{},[46,38820,38822],{"className":48,"code":38821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38823,38824,38868,38872,38890],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38825,38826,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854,38856,38858,38860,38862,38864,38866],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38827,1026],{"class":61},[55,38829,66],{"class":65},[55,38831,70],{"class":69},[55,38833,227],{"class":73},[55,38835,77],{"class":69},[55,38837,630],{"class":73},[55,38839,77],{"class":69},[55,38841,6284],{"class":247},[55,38843,77],{"class":69},[55,38845,258],{"class":247},[55,38847,4009],{"class":251},[55,38849,248],{"class":247},[55,38851,77],{"class":69},[55,38853,4016],{"class":1312},[55,38855,77],{"class":69},[55,38857,4079],{"class":1312},[55,38859,77],{"class":69},[55,38861,4070],{"class":1312},[55,38863,77],{"class":69},[55,38865,4766],{"class":73},[55,38867,88],{"class":69},[55,38869,38870],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,38871,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,38873,38874,38876,38878,38880,38882,38884,38886,38888],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,38875,1255],{"class":61},[55,38877,66],{"class":65},[55,38879,37794],{"class":120},[55,38881,103],{"class":69},[55,38883,172],{"class":1312},[55,38885,77],{"class":69},[55,38887,6123],{"class":99},[55,38889,114],{"class":69},[55,38891,38892,38894,38896,38898,38900,38902],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,38893,121],{"class":120},[55,38895,103],{"class":69},[55,38897,1899],{"class":1898},[55,38899,103],{"class":69},[55,38901,1288],{"class":99},[55,38903,1867],{"class":69},[20,38905,302],{},[46,38907,38909],{"className":48,"code":38908,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38910,38911],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38912,38913,38915,38917,38919,38921,38923,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38914,312],{"class":69},[55,38916,74],{"class":73},[55,38918,77],{"class":69},[55,38920,324],{"class":247},[55,38922,4009],{"class":251},[55,38924,315],{"class":247},[55,38926,77],{"class":69},[55,38928,4079],{"class":1312},[55,38930,77],{"class":69},[55,38932,4766],{"class":73},[55,38934,88],{"class":69},[20,38936,38937],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[142,38939,1937,38941],{"id":38940},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38942,37715],{},[20,38944,31,38945,38947],{},[15,38946,37715],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38949,38950],{},"It works well for:",[155,38952,38953,38956,38959],{},[158,38954,38955],{},"simple filtering rules",[158,38957,38958],{},"quick data cleaning",[158,38960,38961],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38963,230],{},[46,38965,38967],{"className":48,"code":38966,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38968,38969,39001,39034,39038],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38970,38971,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38972,62],{"class":61},[55,38974,66],{"class":65},[55,38976,70],{"class":69},[55,38978,74],{"class":73},[55,38980,77],{"class":69},[55,38982,80],{"class":73},[55,38984,77],{"class":69},[55,38986,111],{"class":73},[55,38988,77],{"class":69},[55,38990,85],{"class":73},[55,38992,77],{"class":69},[55,38994,4766],{"class":73},[55,38996,77],{"class":69},[55,38998,37783],{"class":73},[55,39000,88],{"class":69},[55,39002,39003,39006,39008,39010,39012,39014,39016,39018,39020,39022,39024,39026,39028,39030,39032],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,39004,39005],{"class":61},"evens ",[55,39007,66],{"class":65},[55,39009,37794],{"class":120},[55,39011,103],{"class":69},[55,39013,37799],{"class":2226},[55,39015,37803],{"class":37802},[55,39017,153],{"class":69},[55,39019,4044],{"class":99},[55,39021,6562],{"class":65},[55,39023,80],{"class":73},[55,39025,6567],{"class":65},[55,39027,3997],{"class":73},[55,39029,77],{"class":69},[55,39031,1260],{"class":99},[55,39033,114],{"class":69},[55,39035,39036],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,39037,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,39039,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39051],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,39041,121],{"class":120},[55,39043,103],{"class":69},[55,39045,1899],{"class":1898},[55,39047,103],{"class":69},[55,39049,39050],{"class":99},"evens",[55,39052,1867],{"class":69},[20,39054,302],{},[46,39056,39057],{"className":48,"code":38731,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,39058,39059],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39060,39061,39063,39065,39067,39069,39071,39073],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39062,312],{"class":69},[55,39064,106],{"class":73},[55,39066,77],{"class":69},[55,39068,85],{"class":73},[55,39070,77],{"class":69},[55,39072,37783],{"class":73},[55,39074,88],{"class":69},[20,39076,39077,39078,39080],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39079,6115],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[46,39082,39084],{"className":48,"code":39083,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39085,39086,39118,39126,39130,39142,39158,39173,39177],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39087,39088,39090,39092,39094,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39089,62],{"class":61},[55,39091,66],{"class":65},[55,39093,70],{"class":69},[55,39095,74],{"class":73},[55,39097,77],{"class":69},[55,39099,80],{"class":73},[55,39101,77],{"class":69},[55,39103,111],{"class":73},[55,39105,77],{"class":69},[55,39107,85],{"class":73},[55,39109,77],{"class":69},[55,39111,4766],{"class":73},[55,39113,77],{"class":69},[55,39115,37783],{"class":73},[55,39117,88],{"class":69},[55,39119,39120,39122,39124],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,39121,39005],{"class":61},[55,39123,66],{"class":65},[55,39125,7999],{"class":69},[55,39127,39128],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,39129,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,39131,39132,39134,39136,39138,39140],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,39133,6115],{"class":4040},[55,39135,6545],{"class":61},[55,39137,4047],{"class":4040},[55,39139,1260],{"class":61},[55,39141,6552],{"class":69},[55,39143,39144,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,39145,6557],{"class":4040},[55,39147,6545],{"class":61},[55,39149,6562],{"class":65},[55,39151,80],{"class":73},[55,39153,6567],{"class":65},[55,39155,3997],{"class":73},[55,39157,6552],{"class":69},[55,39159,39160,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,39161,39162],{"class":61},"        evens",[55,39164,44],{"class":69},[55,39166,1100],{"class":99},[55,39168,103],{"class":69},[55,39170,2402],{"class":99},[55,39172,114],{"class":69},[55,39174,39175],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,39176,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,39178,39179,39181,39183,39185],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,39180,121],{"class":120},[55,39182,103],{"class":69},[55,39184,39050],{"class":99},[55,39186,114],{"class":69},[20,39188,302],{},[46,39190,39191],{"className":48,"code":38731,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,39192,39193],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39194,39195,39197,39199,39201,39203,39205,39207],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39196,312],{"class":69},[55,39198,106],{"class":73},[55,39200,77],{"class":69},[55,39202,85],{"class":73},[55,39204,77],{"class":69},[55,39206,37783],{"class":73},[55,39208,88],{"class":69},[20,39210,39211],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[46,39213,39215],{"className":48,"code":39214,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39216,39217,39249,39282,39286],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39218,39219,39221,39223,39225,39227,39229,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245,39247],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39220,62],{"class":61},[55,39222,66],{"class":65},[55,39224,70],{"class":69},[55,39226,74],{"class":73},[55,39228,77],{"class":69},[55,39230,80],{"class":73},[55,39232,77],{"class":69},[55,39234,111],{"class":73},[55,39236,77],{"class":69},[55,39238,85],{"class":73},[55,39240,77],{"class":69},[55,39242,4766],{"class":73},[55,39244,77],{"class":69},[55,39246,37783],{"class":73},[55,39248,88],{"class":69},[55,39250,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259,39261,39263,39265,39268,39270,39272,39274,39276,39278,39280],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,39252,39005],{"class":61},[55,39254,66],{"class":65},[55,39256,70],{"class":69},[55,39258,2380],{"class":61},[55,39260,6115],{"class":4040},[55,39262,6545],{"class":61},[55,39264,4047],{"class":4040},[55,39266,39267],{"class":61}," numbers ",[55,39269,7157],{"class":4040},[55,39271,6545],{"class":61},[55,39273,6562],{"class":65},[55,39275,80],{"class":73},[55,39277,6567],{"class":65},[55,39279,3997],{"class":73},[55,39281,88],{"class":69},[55,39283,39284],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,39285,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,39287,39288,39290,39292,39294],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,39289,121],{"class":120},[55,39291,103],{"class":69},[55,39293,39050],{"class":99},[55,39295,114],{"class":69},[20,39297,302],{},[46,39299,39300],{"className":48,"code":38731,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,39301,39302],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39303,39304,39306,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39305,312],{"class":69},[55,39307,106],{"class":73},[55,39309,77],{"class":69},[55,39311,85],{"class":73},[55,39313,77],{"class":69},[55,39315,37783],{"class":73},[55,39317,88],{"class":69},[20,39319,39320,39321,44],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[36,39322,39324],{"href":39323},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[142,39326,2992],{"id":2991},[20,39328,1214,39329,44],{},[15,39330,37715],{},[577,39332,1553,39334,39336],{"id":39333},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39335,37715],{}," to return a list",[20,39338,39339],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[46,39341,39343],{"className":48,"code":39342,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39344,39345,39387],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39346,39347,39349,39351,39353,39355,39357,39359,39361,39363,39365,39367,39369,39371,39373,39375,39377,39379,39381,39383,39385],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39348,1255],{"class":61},[55,39350,66],{"class":65},[55,39352,37794],{"class":120},[55,39354,103],{"class":69},[55,39356,37799],{"class":2226},[55,39358,37803],{"class":37802},[55,39360,153],{"class":69},[55,39362,4044],{"class":99},[55,39364,4415],{"class":65},[55,39366,80],{"class":73},[55,39368,77],{"class":69},[55,39370,70],{"class":69},[55,39372,74],{"class":73},[55,39374,77],{"class":69},[55,39376,80],{"class":73},[55,39378,77],{"class":69},[55,39380,111],{"class":73},[55,39382,77],{"class":69},[55,39384,85],{"class":73},[55,39386,1777],{"class":69},[55,39388,39389,39391,39393,39395],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,39390,121],{"class":120},[55,39392,103],{"class":69},[55,39394,1288],{"class":99},[55,39396,114],{"class":69},[20,39398,39399],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39401,39402],{},"Fix:",[46,39404,39406],{"className":48,"code":39405,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39407,39408,39450],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39409,39410,39412,39414,39416,39418,39420,39422,39424,39426,39428,39430,39432,39434,39436,39438,39440,39442,39444,39446,39448],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39411,1255],{"class":61},[55,39413,66],{"class":65},[55,39415,37794],{"class":120},[55,39417,103],{"class":69},[55,39419,37799],{"class":2226},[55,39421,37803],{"class":37802},[55,39423,153],{"class":69},[55,39425,4044],{"class":99},[55,39427,4415],{"class":65},[55,39429,80],{"class":73},[55,39431,77],{"class":69},[55,39433,70],{"class":69},[55,39435,74],{"class":73},[55,39437,77],{"class":69},[55,39439,80],{"class":73},[55,39441,77],{"class":69},[55,39443,111],{"class":73},[55,39445,77],{"class":69},[55,39447,85],{"class":73},[55,39449,1777],{"class":69},[55,39451,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,39453,121],{"class":120},[55,39455,103],{"class":69},[55,39457,1899],{"class":1898},[55,39459,103],{"class":69},[55,39461,1288],{"class":99},[55,39463,1867],{"class":69},[577,39465,39467,39468,3041,39470,39472],{"id":39466},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39469,3769],{},[15,39471,3838],{}," clearly",[20,39474,39475],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39477,39478],{},"Good example:",[46,39480,39482],{"className":48,"code":39481,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39483,39484,39497],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39485,39486,39488,39491,39493,39495],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39487,34993],{"class":2226},[55,39489,39490],{"class":34996}," is_positive",[55,39492,103],{"class":69},[55,39494,2402],{"class":37802},[55,39496,8502],{"class":69},[55,39498,39499,39501,39503,39505],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,39500,35004],{"class":4040},[55,39502,6545],{"class":61},[55,39504,4415],{"class":65},[55,39506,38653],{"class":73},[20,39508,39509],{},"Then use it with:",[46,39511,39513],{"className":48,"code":39512,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39514,39515,39547],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39516,39517,39519,39521,39523,39525,39527,39529,39531,39533,39535,39537,39539,39541,39543,39545],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39518,62],{"class":61},[55,39520,66],{"class":65},[55,39522,70],{"class":69},[55,39524,903],{"class":65},[55,39526,106],{"class":73},[55,39528,77],{"class":69},[55,39530,2385],{"class":65},[55,39532,74],{"class":73},[55,39534,77],{"class":69},[55,39536,3997],{"class":73},[55,39538,77],{"class":69},[55,39540,630],{"class":73},[55,39542,77],{"class":69},[55,39544,80],{"class":73},[55,39546,88],{"class":69},[55,39548,39549,39551,39553,39555,39557,39559,39561,39564,39566,39568],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,39550,121],{"class":120},[55,39552,103],{"class":69},[55,39554,1899],{"class":1898},[55,39556,103],{"class":69},[55,39558,37741],{"class":120},[55,39560,103],{"class":69},[55,39562,39563],{"class":99},"is_positive",[55,39565,77],{"class":69},[55,39567,1260],{"class":99},[55,39569,3075],{"class":69},[20,39571,302],{},[46,39573,39575],{"className":48,"code":39574,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39576,39577],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39578,39579,39581,39583,39585,39587],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39580,312],{"class":69},[55,39582,74],{"class":73},[55,39584,77],{"class":69},[55,39586,80],{"class":73},[55,39588,88],{"class":69},[577,39590,39592],{"id":39591},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39594,39595],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[46,39597,39598],{"className":48,"code":38337,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,39599,39600,39642,39646,39660],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39601,39602,39604,39606,39608,39610,39612,39614,39616,39618,39620,39622,39624,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638,39640],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39603,1255],{"class":61},[55,39605,66],{"class":65},[55,39607,37794],{"class":120},[55,39609,103],{"class":69},[55,39611,37799],{"class":2226},[55,39613,37803],{"class":37802},[55,39615,153],{"class":69},[55,39617,4044],{"class":99},[55,39619,4415],{"class":65},[55,39621,80],{"class":73},[55,39623,77],{"class":69},[55,39625,70],{"class":69},[55,39627,74],{"class":73},[55,39629,77],{"class":69},[55,39631,80],{"class":73},[55,39633,77],{"class":69},[55,39635,111],{"class":73},[55,39637,77],{"class":69},[55,39639,85],{"class":73},[55,39641,1777],{"class":69},[55,39643,39644],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,39645,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,39647,39648,39650,39652,39654,39656,39658],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,39649,121],{"class":120},[55,39651,103],{"class":69},[55,39653,1899],{"class":1898},[55,39655,103],{"class":69},[55,39657,1288],{"class":99},[55,39659,1867],{"class":69},[55,39661,39662,39664,39666,39668,39670,39672],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,39663,121],{"class":120},[55,39665,103],{"class":69},[55,39667,1899],{"class":1898},[55,39669,103],{"class":69},[55,39671,1288],{"class":99},[55,39673,1867],{"class":69},[20,39675,302],{},[46,39677,39678],{"className":48,"code":38418,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,39679,39680,39692],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39681,39682,39684,39686,39688,39690],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39683,312],{"class":69},[55,39685,2223],{"class":73},[55,39687,77],{"class":69},[55,39689,85],{"class":73},[55,39691,88],{"class":69},[55,39693,39694],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,39695,38437],{"class":69},[20,39697,39698],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[46,39700,39702],{"className":48,"code":39701,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39703,39704,39750,39754,39764],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39705,39706,39708,39710,39712,39714,39716,39718,39720,39722,39724,39726,39728,39730,39732,39734,39736,39738,39740,39742,39744,39746,39748],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39707,1255],{"class":61},[55,39709,66],{"class":65},[55,39711,22705],{"class":1898},[55,39713,103],{"class":69},[55,39715,37741],{"class":120},[55,39717,103],{"class":69},[55,39719,37799],{"class":2226},[55,39721,37803],{"class":37802},[55,39723,153],{"class":69},[55,39725,4044],{"class":99},[55,39727,4415],{"class":65},[55,39729,80],{"class":73},[55,39731,77],{"class":69},[55,39733,70],{"class":69},[55,39735,74],{"class":73},[55,39737,77],{"class":69},[55,39739,80],{"class":73},[55,39741,77],{"class":69},[55,39743,111],{"class":73},[55,39745,77],{"class":69},[55,39747,85],{"class":73},[55,39749,3162],{"class":69},[55,39751,39752],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,39753,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,39755,39756,39758,39760,39762],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,39757,121],{"class":120},[55,39759,103],{"class":69},[55,39761,1288],{"class":99},[55,39763,114],{"class":69},[55,39765,39766,39768,39770,39772],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,39767,121],{"class":120},[55,39769,103],{"class":69},[55,39771,1288],{"class":99},[55,39773,114],{"class":69},[577,39775,39777],{"id":39776},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39779,39780],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39782,1343],{},[46,39784,39786],{"className":48,"code":39785,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39787,39788],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39789,39790],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39791,39785],{"class":133},[20,39793,39794,39795,6710],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39796,800],{},[20,39798,16805],{},[46,39800,39802],{"className":48,"code":39801,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39803,39804],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39805,39806,39808,39810,39812,39814,39816,39818,39820,39822,39824,39826,39828,39830,39832,39834,39836,39838,39840,39842,39844,39846,39848],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39807,121],{"class":120},[55,39809,103],{"class":69},[55,39811,1899],{"class":1898},[55,39813,103],{"class":69},[55,39815,37741],{"class":120},[55,39817,103],{"class":69},[55,39819,37799],{"class":2226},[55,39821,37803],{"class":37802},[55,39823,153],{"class":69},[55,39825,4044],{"class":99},[55,39827,4415],{"class":65},[55,39829,80],{"class":73},[55,39831,77],{"class":69},[55,39833,70],{"class":69},[55,39835,74],{"class":73},[55,39837,77],{"class":69},[55,39839,80],{"class":73},[55,39841,77],{"class":69},[55,39843,111],{"class":73},[55,39845,77],{"class":69},[55,39847,85],{"class":73},[55,39849,37404],{"class":69},[577,39851,37343,39853,8866,39855],{"id":39852},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39854,37715],{},[15,39856,39857],{},"map()",[155,39859,39860,39865],{},[158,39861,39862,39864],{},[15,39863,37715],{}," keeps or removes items",[158,39866,39867,39869],{},[15,39868,39857],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39871,39872,39873,153],{},"Example of ",[15,39874,37715],{},[46,39876,39878],{"className":48,"code":39877,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39879,39880,39904],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39881,39882,39884,39886,39888,39890,39892,39894,39896,39898,39900,39902],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39883,62],{"class":61},[55,39885,66],{"class":65},[55,39887,70],{"class":69},[55,39889,74],{"class":73},[55,39891,77],{"class":69},[55,39893,80],{"class":73},[55,39895,77],{"class":69},[55,39897,111],{"class":73},[55,39899,77],{"class":69},[55,39901,85],{"class":73},[55,39903,88],{"class":69},[55,39905,39906,39908,39910,39912,39914,39916,39918,39920,39922,39924,39926,39928,39930,39932,39934],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,39907,121],{"class":120},[55,39909,103],{"class":69},[55,39911,1899],{"class":1898},[55,39913,103],{"class":69},[55,39915,37741],{"class":120},[55,39917,103],{"class":69},[55,39919,37799],{"class":2226},[55,39921,37803],{"class":37802},[55,39923,153],{"class":69},[55,39925,4044],{"class":99},[55,39927,4415],{"class":65},[55,39929,80],{"class":73},[55,39931,77],{"class":69},[55,39933,1260],{"class":99},[55,39935,3075],{"class":69},[20,39937,302],{},[46,39939,39941],{"className":48,"code":39940,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39942,39943],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39944,39945,39947,39949,39951,39953],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39946,312],{"class":69},[55,39948,2223],{"class":73},[55,39950,77],{"class":69},[55,39952,85],{"class":73},[55,39954,88],{"class":69},[20,39956,39872,39957,153],{},[15,39958,39857],{},[46,39960,39962],{"className":48,"code":39961,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39963,39964,39988],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39965,39966,39968,39970,39972,39974,39976,39978,39980,39982,39984,39986],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39967,62],{"class":61},[55,39969,66],{"class":65},[55,39971,70],{"class":69},[55,39973,74],{"class":73},[55,39975,77],{"class":69},[55,39977,80],{"class":73},[55,39979,77],{"class":69},[55,39981,111],{"class":73},[55,39983,77],{"class":69},[55,39985,85],{"class":73},[55,39987,88],{"class":69},[55,39989,39990,39992,39994,39996,39998,40001,40003,40005,40007,40009,40011,40014,40016,40018,40020],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,39991,121],{"class":120},[55,39993,103],{"class":69},[55,39995,1899],{"class":1898},[55,39997,103],{"class":69},[55,39999,40000],{"class":120},"map",[55,40002,103],{"class":69},[55,40004,37799],{"class":2226},[55,40006,37803],{"class":37802},[55,40008,153],{"class":69},[55,40010,4044],{"class":99},[55,40012,40013],{"class":65},"*",[55,40015,80],{"class":73},[55,40017,77],{"class":69},[55,40019,1260],{"class":99},[55,40021,3075],{"class":69},[20,40023,302],{},[46,40025,40027],{"className":48,"code":40026,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40028,40029],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40030,40031,40033,40035,40037,40039,40041,40043,40045,40047],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40032,312],{"class":69},[55,40034,106],{"class":73},[55,40036,77],{"class":69},[55,40038,85],{"class":73},[55,40040,77],{"class":69},[55,40042,37783],{"class":73},[55,40044,77],{"class":69},[55,40046,6518],{"class":73},[55,40048,88],{"class":69},[20,40050,40051,40052,44],{},"For the related function, see ",[36,40053,3740,40055,3673],{"href":40054},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40056,39857],{},[142,40058,1986],{"id":1985},[577,40060,1990,40062,40064],{"id":40061},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40063,37715],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40066,40067,40068,40070],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40069,24925],{}," if needed.",[577,40072,40074,40075,40077],{"id":40073},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40076,37715],{}," need to return?",[20,40079,38022,40080,40082,40083,40085],{},[15,40081,3769],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40084,3838],{}," to remove it.",[577,40087,28473,40089,40091],{"id":40088},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40090,37715],{}," without lambda?",[20,40093,40094],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[577,40096,5303,40098,40101],{"id":40097},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40099,40100],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40103,40104,40105,40107,40108,17222,40110,44],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40106,227],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40109,172],{},[15,40111,3838],{},[577,40113,21567,40115,40117],{"id":40114},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40116,37715],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40119,40120,40121,40123],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40122,6115],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40125,40126],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[155,40128,40129,40135,40141],{},[158,40130,40131,40132,40134],{},"use ",[15,40133,37715],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[158,40136,40137,40138,40140],{},"use a ",[15,40139,6115],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[158,40142,40143],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40145,40146,40147,44],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[36,40148,5293],{"href":40149},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[142,40151,2039],{"id":2038},[155,40153,40154,40159,40163,40168,40174],{},[158,40155,40156],{},[36,40157,40158],{"href":38594},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[158,40160,40161],{},[36,40162,5381],{"href":40149},[158,40164,40165],{},[36,40166,40167],{"href":39323},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[158,40169,40170],{},[36,40171,3740,40172,3673],{"href":40054},[15,40173,39857],{},[158,40175,40176],{},[36,40177,5376],{"href":5745},[2080,40179,40180],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":40182},[40183,40184,40186,40190,40193,40195,40197,40199,40201,40211,40223],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":37849,"depth":91,"text":40185},"What filter() does",{"id":37983,"depth":91,"text":37984,"children":40187},[40188,40189],{"id":38000,"depth":117,"text":38000},{"id":3884,"depth":117,"text":3884},{"id":38159,"depth":91,"text":38160,"children":40191},[40192],{"id":38330,"depth":117,"text":38331},{"id":38443,"depth":91,"text":40194},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38598,"depth":91,"text":40196},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38760,"depth":91,"text":40198},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38940,"depth":91,"text":40200},"When to use filter()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":40202},[40203,40205,40207,40208,40209],{"id":39333,"depth":117,"text":40204},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39466,"depth":117,"text":40206},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39591,"depth":117,"text":39592},{"id":39776,"depth":117,"text":39777},{"id":39852,"depth":117,"text":40210},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":40212},[40213,40215,40217,40219,40221],{"id":40061,"depth":117,"text":40214},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40073,"depth":117,"text":40216},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40088,"depth":117,"text":40218},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40097,"depth":117,"text":40220},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40114,"depth":117,"text":40222},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37707,"description":40224},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40231,"title":40232,"body":40233,"description":42386,"extension":2124,"meta":42387,"navigation":428,"path":42388,"seo":42389,"stem":42390,"__hash__":42391},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40234,"toc":42340},[40235,40238,40243,40249,40251,40303,40305,40324,40329,40333,40338,40341,40356,40359,40381,40383,40432,40434,40458,40460,40462,40477,40482,40490,40505,40507,40516,40519,40554,40558,40563,40567,40574,40609,40611,40627,40631,40634,40675,40677,40691,40695,40698,40722,40724,40733,40737,40740,40773,40775,40788,40792,40798,40817,40819,40827,40831,40836,40840,40846,40869,40871,40900,40903,40922,40926,40929,40956,40958,40992,40996,40999,41023,41027,41038,41040,41045,41051,41053,41137,41139,41181,41184,41188,41195,41204,41260,41267,41276,41281,41285,41356,41358,41367,41371,41374,41418,41420,41429,41433,41439,41489,41493,41498,41502,41526,41528,41537,41541,41565,41567,41578,41582,41606,41608,41617,41620,41637,41643,41647,41653,41656,41661,41664,41685,41687,41719,41722,41727,41729,41740,41742,41786,41790,41797,41849,41851,41860,41864,41867,41960,41963,41987,41991,41994,42086,42091,42095,42102,42107,42131,42133,42142,42147,42170,42172,42180,42187,42210,42218,42220,42233,42243,42245,42249,42256,42260,42269,42273,42280,42284,42288,42292,42305,42307,42337],[10,40236,40232],{"id":40237},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40239,9284,40240,40242],{},[15,40241,3047],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40244,40245,40246,40248],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40247,3047],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[142,40250,2165],{"id":2164},[46,40252,40254],{"className":48,"code":40253,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40255,40256,40270,40289],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40257,40258,40260,40262,40264,40266,40268],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40259,121],{"class":120},[55,40261,103],{"class":69},[55,40263,2355],{"class":1898},[55,40265,103],{"class":69},[55,40267,2297],{"class":73},[55,40269,1867],{"class":69},[55,40271,40272,40274,40276,40278,40280,40282,40285,40287],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,40273,121],{"class":120},[55,40275,103],{"class":69},[55,40277,2355],{"class":1898},[55,40279,103],{"class":69},[55,40281,248],{"class":247},[55,40283,40284],{"class":251},"3.14",[55,40286,248],{"class":247},[55,40288,1867],{"class":69},[55,40290,40291,40293,40295,40297,40299,40301],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,40292,121],{"class":120},[55,40294,103],{"class":69},[55,40296,2355],{"class":1898},[55,40298,103],{"class":69},[55,40300,3769],{"class":1312},[55,40302,1867],{"class":69},[20,40304,302],{},[46,40306,40308],{"className":48,"code":40307,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40309,40310,40314,40319],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40311,40312],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40313,2640],{"class":73},[55,40315,40316],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,40317,40318],{"class":73},"3.14\n",[55,40320,40321],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,40322,40323],{"class":73},"1.0\n",[20,40325,31,40326,40328],{},[15,40327,3047],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[142,40330,40332],{"id":40331},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40334,40335,40337],{},[15,40336,3047],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40339,40340],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[155,40342,40343,40347,40351],{},[158,40344,40345],{},[15,40346,2652],{},[158,40348,40349],{},[15,40350,40284],{},[158,40352,40353],{},[15,40354,40355],{},"0.5",[20,40357,40358],{},"A few key points:",[155,40360,40361,40368,40371,40374],{},[158,40362,40363,40365,40366],{},[15,40364,3047],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40367,2355],{},[158,40369,40370],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[158,40372,40373],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[158,40375,40376,40377],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[36,40378,40379],{"href":8380},[15,40380,3121],{},[20,40382,230],{},[46,40384,40386],{"className":48,"code":40385,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40387,40388,40408,40418],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40389,40390,40392,40394,40397,40399,40401,40404,40406],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40391,2380],{"class":61},[55,40393,66],{"class":65},[55,40395,40396],{"class":1898}," float",[55,40398,103],{"class":69},[55,40400,248],{"class":247},[55,40402,40403],{"class":251},"2.75",[55,40405,248],{"class":247},[55,40407,114],{"class":69},[55,40409,40410,40412,40414,40416],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,40411,121],{"class":120},[55,40413,103],{"class":69},[55,40415,2402],{"class":99},[55,40417,114],{"class":69},[55,40419,40420,40422,40424,40426,40428,40430],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,40421,121],{"class":120},[55,40423,103],{"class":69},[55,40425,1910],{"class":1898},[55,40427,103],{"class":69},[55,40429,2402],{"class":99},[55,40431,1867],{"class":69},[20,40433,302],{},[46,40435,40437],{"className":48,"code":40436,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40438,40439,40444],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40440,40441],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40442,40443],{"class":73},"2.75\n",[55,40445,40446,40448,40450,40452,40454,40456],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,40447,3454],{"class":65},[55,40449,3457],{"class":2226},[55,40451,324],{"class":247},[55,40453,2355],{"class":251},[55,40455,315],{"class":247},[55,40457,3466],{"class":65},[142,40459,2319],{"id":2318},[20,40461,7378],{},[46,40463,40465],{"className":48,"code":40464,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"float(value)\n",[15,40466,40467],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40468,40469,40471,40473,40475],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40470,2355],{"class":1898},[55,40472,103],{"class":69},[55,40474,2633],{"class":99},[55,40476,114],{"class":69},[20,40478,40479,40480,44],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40481,3047],{},[20,40483,40484,40485,40487,40488,153],{},"If you call ",[15,40486,3047],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40489,3932],{},[46,40491,40493],{"className":48,"code":40492,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float())\n",[15,40494,40495],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40496,40497,40499,40501,40503],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40498,121],{"class":120},[55,40500,103],{"class":69},[55,40502,2355],{"class":1898},[55,40504,7354],{"class":69},[20,40506,302],{},[46,40508,40510],{"className":48,"code":40509,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0.0\n",[15,40511,40512],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40513,40514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40515,40509],{"class":73},[20,40517,40518],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[46,40520,40522],{"className":48,"code":40521,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40523,40524,40544],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40525,40526,40529,40531,40533,40535,40537,40540,40542],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40527,40528],{"class":61},"price ",[55,40530,66],{"class":65},[55,40532,40396],{"class":1898},[55,40534,103],{"class":69},[55,40536,248],{"class":247},[55,40538,40539],{"class":251},"19.99",[55,40541,248],{"class":247},[55,40543,114],{"class":69},[55,40545,40546,40548,40550,40552],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,40547,121],{"class":120},[55,40549,103],{"class":69},[55,40551,25294],{"class":99},[55,40553,114],{"class":69},[142,40555,40557],{"id":40556},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40559,40560,40562],{},[15,40561,3047],{}," can convert several common value types.",[577,40564,40566],{"id":40565},"integers","Integers",[20,40568,40569,40570,40573],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40571,40572],{},".0"," added:",[46,40575,40577],{"className":48,"code":40576,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40578,40579,40593],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40580,40581,40583,40585,40587,40589,40591],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40582,121],{"class":120},[55,40584,103],{"class":69},[55,40586,2355],{"class":1898},[55,40588,103],{"class":69},[55,40590,2297],{"class":73},[55,40592,1867],{"class":69},[55,40594,40595,40597,40599,40601,40603,40605,40607],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,40596,121],{"class":120},[55,40598,103],{"class":69},[55,40600,2355],{"class":1898},[55,40602,103],{"class":69},[55,40604,903],{"class":65},[55,40606,106],{"class":73},[55,40608,1867],{"class":69},[20,40610,302],{},[46,40612,40614],{"className":48,"code":40613,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40615,40616,40620],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40617,40618],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40619,2640],{"class":73},[55,40621,40622,40624],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,40623,903],{"class":65},[55,40625,40626],{"class":73},"2.0\n",[577,40628,40630],{"id":40629},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40632,40633],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[46,40635,40637],{"className":48,"code":40636,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40638,40639,40657],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40640,40641,40643,40645,40647,40649,40651,40653,40655],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40642,121],{"class":120},[55,40644,103],{"class":69},[55,40646,2355],{"class":1898},[55,40648,103],{"class":69},[55,40650,248],{"class":247},[55,40652,40284],{"class":251},[55,40654,248],{"class":247},[55,40656,1867],{"class":69},[55,40658,40659,40661,40663,40665,40667,40669,40671,40673],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,40660,121],{"class":120},[55,40662,103],{"class":69},[55,40664,2355],{"class":1898},[55,40666,103],{"class":69},[55,40668,248],{"class":247},[55,40670,800],{"class":251},[55,40672,248],{"class":247},[55,40674,1867],{"class":69},[20,40676,302],{},[46,40678,40680],{"className":48,"code":40679,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40681,40682,40686],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40683,40684],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40685,40318],{"class":73},[55,40687,40688],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,40689,40690],{"class":73},"10.0\n",[577,40692,40694],{"id":40693},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40696,40697],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[46,40699,40701],{"className":48,"code":40700,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40702,40703],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40704,40705,40707,40709,40711,40713,40715,40718,40720],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40706,121],{"class":120},[55,40708,103],{"class":69},[55,40710,2355],{"class":1898},[55,40712,103],{"class":69},[55,40714,248],{"class":247},[55,40716,40717],{"class":251},"  8.5  ",[55,40719,248],{"class":247},[55,40721,1867],{"class":69},[20,40723,302],{},[46,40725,40727],{"className":48,"code":40726,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"8.5\n",[15,40728,40729],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40730,40731],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40732,40726],{"class":73},[577,40734,40736],{"id":40735},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40738,40739],{},"Boolean values also work:",[46,40741,40743],{"className":48,"code":40742,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40744,40745,40759],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40746,40747,40749,40751,40753,40755,40757],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40748,121],{"class":120},[55,40750,103],{"class":69},[55,40752,2355],{"class":1898},[55,40754,103],{"class":69},[55,40756,3769],{"class":1312},[55,40758,1867],{"class":69},[55,40760,40761,40763,40765,40767,40769,40771],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,40762,121],{"class":120},[55,40764,103],{"class":69},[55,40766,2355],{"class":1898},[55,40768,103],{"class":69},[55,40770,3838],{"class":1312},[55,40772,1867],{"class":69},[20,40774,302],{},[46,40776,40778],{"className":48,"code":40777,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40779,40780,40784],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40781,40782],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40783,40323],{"class":73},[55,40785,40786],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,40787,40509],{"class":73},[577,40789,40791],{"id":40790},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40793,40794,40795,40797],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40796,3047],{}," returns a float version of it:",[46,40799,40801],{"className":48,"code":40800,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40802,40803],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40804,40805,40807,40809,40811,40813,40815],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40806,121],{"class":120},[55,40808,103],{"class":69},[55,40810,2355],{"class":1898},[55,40812,103],{"class":69},[55,40814,2523],{"class":73},[55,40816,1867],{"class":69},[20,40818,302],{},[46,40820,40821],{"className":48,"code":2547,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,40822,40823],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40824,40825],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40826,2547],{"class":73},[142,40828,40830],{"id":40829},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40832,40833,40834,44],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40835,3047],{},[577,40837,40839],{"id":40838},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40841,40842,40843,153],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40844,40845],{},"ValueError",[46,40847,40849],{"className":48,"code":40848,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40850,40851],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40852,40853,40855,40857,40859,40861,40863,40865,40867],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40854,121],{"class":120},[55,40856,103],{"class":69},[55,40858,2355],{"class":1898},[55,40860,103],{"class":69},[55,40862,248],{"class":247},[55,40864,4009],{"class":251},[55,40866,248],{"class":247},[55,40868,1867],{"class":69},[20,40870,29825],{},[46,40872,40874],{"className":48,"code":40873,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40875,40876],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40877,40878,40880,40882,40885,40887,40890,40892,40894,40896,40898],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40879,40845],{"class":1898},[55,40881,153],{"class":69},[55,40883,40884],{"class":61}," could ",[55,40886,1968],{"class":65},[55,40888,40889],{"class":61}," convert string to ",[55,40891,2355],{"class":1898},[55,40893,153],{"class":69},[55,40895,324],{"class":247},[55,40897,4009],{"class":251},[55,40899,29844],{"class":247},[20,40901,40902],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[46,40904,40906],{"className":48,"code":40905,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40907,40908],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40909,40910,40912,40914,40916,40918,40920],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40911,121],{"class":120},[55,40913,103],{"class":69},[55,40915,2355],{"class":1898},[55,40917,103],{"class":69},[55,40919,6430],{"class":247},[55,40921,1867],{"class":69},[577,40923,40925],{"id":40924},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40927,40928],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[46,40930,40932],{"className":48,"code":40931,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40933,40934],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40935,40936,40938,40940,40942,40944,40946,40948,40950,40952,40954],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40937,121],{"class":120},[55,40939,103],{"class":69},[55,40941,2355],{"class":1898},[55,40943,3149],{"class":69},[55,40945,74],{"class":73},[55,40947,77],{"class":69},[55,40949,80],{"class":73},[55,40951,77],{"class":69},[55,40953,111],{"class":73},[55,40955,3162],{"class":69},[20,40957,29825],{},[46,40959,40961],{"className":48,"code":40960,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40962,40963],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40964,40965,40967,40969,40971,40973,40976,40979,40982,40984,40986,40988,40990],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40966,3168],{"class":1898},[55,40968,153],{"class":69},[55,40970,40396],{"class":1898},[55,40972,7526],{"class":69},[55,40974,40975],{"class":61}," argument must be a string ",[55,40977,40978],{"class":65},"or",[55,40980,40981],{"class":61}," a real number",[55,40983,77],{"class":69},[55,40985,8260],{"class":65},[55,40987,324],{"class":247},[55,40989,1899],{"class":251},[55,40991,29844],{"class":247},[577,40993,40995],{"id":40994},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40997,40998],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[46,41000,41002],{"className":48,"code":41001,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41003,41004],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41005,41006,41008,41010,41012,41014,41016,41019,41021],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41007,121],{"class":120},[55,41009,103],{"class":69},[55,41011,2355],{"class":1898},[55,41013,103],{"class":69},[55,41015,248],{"class":247},[55,41017,41018],{"class":251},"3,14",[55,41020,248],{"class":247},[55,41022,1867],{"class":69},[20,41024,3165,41025,44],{},[15,41026,40845],{},[20,41028,41029,41030,352,41034,44],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[36,41031,41033],{"href":41032},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[36,41035,41037],{"href":41036},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[142,41039,17569],{"id":17568},[20,41041,41042,41044],{},[15,41043,3047],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41046,41047,41048,41050],{},"It does ",[1966,41049,1968],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41052,230],{},[46,41054,41056],{"className":48,"code":41055,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41057,41058,41071,41085,41089,41099,41109,41123],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41059,41060,41062,41064,41066,41069],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41061,34829],{"class":61},[55,41063,66],{"class":65},[55,41065,258],{"class":247},[55,41067,41068],{"class":251},"6.5",[55,41070,3522],{"class":247},[55,41072,41073,41075,41077,41079,41081,41083],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,41074,2380],{"class":61},[55,41076,66],{"class":65},[55,41078,40396],{"class":1898},[55,41080,103],{"class":69},[55,41082,34850],{"class":99},[55,41084,114],{"class":69},[55,41086,41087],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,41088,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,41090,41091,41093,41095,41097],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,41092,121],{"class":120},[55,41094,103],{"class":69},[55,41096,34850],{"class":99},[55,41098,114],{"class":69},[55,41100,41101,41103,41105,41107],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,41102,121],{"class":120},[55,41104,103],{"class":69},[55,41106,2402],{"class":99},[55,41108,114],{"class":69},[55,41110,41111,41113,41115,41117,41119,41121],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,41112,121],{"class":120},[55,41114,103],{"class":69},[55,41116,1910],{"class":1898},[55,41118,103],{"class":69},[55,41120,34850],{"class":99},[55,41122,1867],{"class":69},[55,41124,41125,41127,41129,41131,41133,41135],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,41126,121],{"class":120},[55,41128,103],{"class":69},[55,41130,1910],{"class":1898},[55,41132,103],{"class":69},[55,41134,2402],{"class":99},[55,41136,1867],{"class":69},[20,41138,302],{},[46,41140,41142],{"className":48,"code":41141,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41143,41144,41149,41153,41167],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41145,41146],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41147,41148],{"class":73},"6.5\n",[55,41150,41151],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,41152,41148],{"class":73},[55,41154,41155,41157,41159,41161,41163,41165],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,41156,3454],{"class":65},[55,41158,3457],{"class":2226},[55,41160,324],{"class":247},[55,41162,3607],{"class":251},[55,41164,315],{"class":247},[55,41166,3466],{"class":65},[55,41168,41169,41171,41173,41175,41177,41179],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,41170,3454],{"class":65},[55,41172,3457],{"class":2226},[55,41174,324],{"class":247},[55,41176,2355],{"class":251},[55,41178,315],{"class":247},[55,41180,3466],{"class":65},[20,41182,41183],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[142,41185,41187],{"id":41186},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[577,41189,41191,41192,41194],{"id":41190},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41193,3121],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41196,568,41197,41201,41202,44],{},[36,41198,41199,2465],{"href":8380},[15,41200,3121],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41203,3047],{},[46,41205,41207],{"className":48,"code":41206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41208,41209,41228,41242,41246],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41210,41211,41213,41215,41217,41219,41221,41224,41226],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41212,8398],{"class":61},[55,41214,66],{"class":65},[55,41216,8403],{"class":120},[55,41218,103],{"class":69},[55,41220,248],{"class":247},[55,41222,41223],{"class":251},"Enter a price: ",[55,41225,248],{"class":247},[55,41227,114],{"class":69},[55,41229,41230,41232,41234,41236,41238,41240],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,41231,40528],{"class":61},[55,41233,66],{"class":65},[55,41235,40396],{"class":1898},[55,41237,103],{"class":69},[55,41239,8427],{"class":99},[55,41241,114],{"class":69},[55,41243,41244],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,41245,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,41247,41248,41250,41252,41254,41256,41258],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,41249,121],{"class":120},[55,41251,103],{"class":69},[55,41253,40528],{"class":99},[55,41255,40013],{"class":65},[55,41257,80],{"class":73},[55,41259,114],{"class":69},[20,41261,41262,41263,41266],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41264,41265],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[46,41268,41270],{"className":48,"code":41269,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"9.0\n",[15,41271,41272],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41273,41274],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41275,41269],{"class":73},[20,41277,41278,41279,44],{},"For more help with this, see ",[36,41280,9142],{"href":9141},[577,41282,41284],{"id":41283},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[46,41286,41288],{"className":48,"code":41287,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41289,41290,41303,41316,41320,41345],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41291,41292,41294,41296,41298,41301],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41293,2715],{"class":61},[55,41295,66],{"class":65},[55,41297,258],{"class":247},[55,41299,41300],{"class":251},"2.5",[55,41302,3522],{"class":247},[55,41304,41305,41307,41309,41311,41314],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,41306,2743],{"class":61},[55,41308,66],{"class":65},[55,41310,258],{"class":247},[55,41312,41313],{"class":251},"1.5",[55,41315,3522],{"class":247},[55,41317,41318],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,41319,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,41321,41322,41325,41327,41329,41331,41333,41335,41337,41339,41341,41343],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,41323,41324],{"class":61},"total ",[55,41326,66],{"class":65},[55,41328,40396],{"class":1898},[55,41330,103],{"class":69},[55,41332,36],{"class":99},[55,41334,3825],{"class":69},[55,41336,2615],{"class":65},[55,41338,40396],{"class":1898},[55,41340,103],{"class":69},[55,41342,285],{"class":99},[55,41344,114],{"class":69},[55,41346,41347,41349,41351,41354],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,41348,121],{"class":120},[55,41350,103],{"class":69},[55,41352,41353],{"class":99},"total",[55,41355,114],{"class":69},[20,41357,302],{},[46,41359,41361],{"className":48,"code":41360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"4.0\n",[15,41362,41363],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41364,41365],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41366,41360],{"class":73},[577,41368,41370],{"id":41369},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41372,41373],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[46,41375,41377],{"className":48,"code":41376,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41378,41379,41389,41404,41408],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41380,41381,41384,41386],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41382,41383],{"class":61},"count ",[55,41385,66],{"class":65},[55,41387,41388],{"class":73}," 7\n",[55,41390,41391,41393,41395,41397,41399,41402],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,41392,1255],{"class":61},[55,41394,66],{"class":65},[55,41396,40396],{"class":1898},[55,41398,103],{"class":69},[55,41400,41401],{"class":99},"count",[55,41403,114],{"class":69},[55,41405,41406],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,41407,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,41409,41410,41412,41414,41416],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,41411,121],{"class":120},[55,41413,103],{"class":69},[55,41415,1288],{"class":99},[55,41417,114],{"class":69},[20,41419,302],{},[46,41421,41423],{"className":48,"code":41422,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"7.0\n",[15,41424,41425],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41426,41427],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41428,41422],{"class":73},[577,41430,41432],{"id":41431},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41434,41435,41436,41438],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41437,3047],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[46,41440,41442],{"className":48,"code":41441,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41443,41444,41458,41474,41478],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41445,41446,41449,41451,41453,41456],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41447,41448],{"class":61},"temperature_text ",[55,41450,66],{"class":65},[55,41452,258],{"class":247},[55,41454,41455],{"class":251},"21.8",[55,41457,3522],{"class":247},[55,41459,41460,41463,41465,41467,41469,41472],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,41461,41462],{"class":61},"temperature ",[55,41464,66],{"class":65},[55,41466,40396],{"class":1898},[55,41468,103],{"class":69},[55,41470,41471],{"class":99},"temperature_text",[55,41473,114],{"class":69},[55,41475,41476],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,41477,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,41479,41480,41482,41484,41487],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,41481,121],{"class":120},[55,41483,103],{"class":69},[55,41485,41486],{"class":99},"temperature",[55,41488,114],{"class":69},[142,41490,41492],{"id":41491},"special-values","Special values",[20,41494,41495,41497],{},[15,41496,3047],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[577,41499,41501],{"id":41500},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[46,41503,41505],{"className":48,"code":41504,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41506,41507],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41508,41509,41511,41513,41515,41517,41519,41522,41524],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41510,121],{"class":120},[55,41512,103],{"class":69},[55,41514,2355],{"class":1898},[55,41516,103],{"class":69},[55,41518,248],{"class":247},[55,41520,41521],{"class":251},"inf",[55,41523,248],{"class":247},[55,41525,1867],{"class":69},[20,41527,302],{},[46,41529,41531],{"className":48,"code":41530,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"inf\n",[15,41532,41533],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41534,41535],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41536,41530],{"class":61},[577,41538,41540],{"id":41539},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[46,41542,41544],{"className":48,"code":41543,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41545,41546],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41547,41548,41550,41552,41554,41556,41558,41561,41563],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41549,121],{"class":120},[55,41551,103],{"class":69},[55,41553,2355],{"class":1898},[55,41555,103],{"class":69},[55,41557,248],{"class":247},[55,41559,41560],{"class":251},"-inf",[55,41562,248],{"class":247},[55,41564,1867],{"class":69},[20,41566,302],{},[46,41568,41570],{"className":48,"code":41569,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"-inf\n",[15,41571,41572],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41573,41574,41576],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41575,903],{"class":65},[55,41577,41530],{"class":61},[577,41579,41581],{"id":41580},"not-a-number","Not a number",[46,41583,41585],{"className":48,"code":41584,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41586,41587],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41588,41589,41591,41593,41595,41597,41599,41602,41604],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41590,121],{"class":120},[55,41592,103],{"class":69},[55,41594,2355],{"class":1898},[55,41596,103],{"class":69},[55,41598,248],{"class":247},[55,41600,41601],{"class":251},"nan",[55,41603,248],{"class":247},[55,41605,1867],{"class":69},[20,41607,302],{},[46,41609,41611],{"className":48,"code":41610,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"nan\n",[15,41612,41613],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41614,41615],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41616,41610],{"class":61},[20,41618,41619],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[155,41621,41622,41627,41632],{},[158,41623,41624,41626],{},[15,41625,41521],{}," means positive infinity",[158,41628,41629,41631],{},[15,41630,41560],{}," means negative infinity",[158,41633,41634,41636],{},[15,41635,41601],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41638,41639,41640,41642],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41641,3047],{}," accepts them.",[142,41644,41646],{"id":41645},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41648,41649,41650,41652],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41651,3047],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[577,41654,40845],{"id":41655},"valueerror",[20,41657,15338,41658,41660],{},[15,41659,40845],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41662,41663],{},"Common causes:",[155,41665,41666,41672,41675,41678],{},[158,41667,41668,41669],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41670,41671],{},"\"abc\"",[158,41673,41674],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[158,41676,41677],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[158,41679,4865,41680],{},[36,41681,41682,41684],{"href":8380},[15,41683,3121],{}," returns a string",[20,41686,230],{},[46,41688,41690],{"className":48,"code":41689,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41691,41692,41705],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41693,41694,41696,41698,41700,41703],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41695,2608],{"class":61},[55,41697,66],{"class":65},[55,41699,258],{"class":247},[55,41701,41702],{"class":251},"abc",[55,41704,3522],{"class":247},[55,41706,41707,41709,41711,41713,41715,41717],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,41708,121],{"class":120},[55,41710,103],{"class":69},[55,41712,2355],{"class":1898},[55,41714,103],{"class":69},[55,41716,2633],{"class":99},[55,41718,1867],{"class":69},[577,41720,3168],{"id":41721},"typeerror",[20,41723,15338,41724,41726],{},[15,41725,3168],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41728,41663],{},[155,41730,41731,41734,41737],{},[158,41732,41733],{},"Passing a list",[158,41735,41736],{},"Passing a dictionary",[158,41738,41739],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41741,230],{},[46,41743,41745],{"className":48,"code":41744,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41746,41747,41772],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41748,41749,41751,41753,41755,41757,41759,41761,41763,41765,41768,41770],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41750,2608],{"class":61},[55,41752,66],{"class":65},[55,41754,10652],{"class":69},[55,41756,248],{"class":247},[55,41758,25294],{"class":251},[55,41760,248],{"class":247},[55,41762,153],{"class":69},[55,41764,258],{"class":247},[55,41766,41767],{"class":251},"9.99",[55,41769,248],{"class":247},[55,41771,9471],{"class":69},[55,41773,41774,41776,41778,41780,41782,41784],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,41775,121],{"class":120},[55,41777,103],{"class":69},[55,41779,2355],{"class":1898},[55,41781,103],{"class":69},[55,41783,2633],{"class":99},[55,41785,1867],{"class":69},[577,41787,41789],{"id":41788},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41791,41792,41793,41796],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41794,41795],{},"strip()"," can help:",[46,41798,41800],{"className":48,"code":41799,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41801,41802,41815,41830,41834],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41803,41804,41806,41808,41810,41813],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41805,2608],{"class":61},[55,41807,66],{"class":65},[55,41809,258],{"class":247},[55,41811,41812],{"class":251},"  7.25  ",[55,41814,3522],{"class":247},[55,41816,41817,41820,41822,41824,41826,41828],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,41818,41819],{"class":61},"clean_value ",[55,41821,66],{"class":65},[55,41823,8594],{"class":61},[55,41825,44],{"class":69},[55,41827,8795],{"class":99},[55,41829,8804],{"class":69},[55,41831,41832],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,41833,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,41835,41836,41838,41840,41842,41844,41847],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,41837,121],{"class":120},[55,41839,103],{"class":69},[55,41841,2355],{"class":1898},[55,41843,103],{"class":69},[55,41845,41846],{"class":99},"clean_value",[55,41848,1867],{"class":69},[20,41850,302],{},[46,41852,41854],{"className":48,"code":41853,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"7.25\n",[15,41855,41856],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41857,41858],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41859,41853],{"class":73},[577,41861,41863],{"id":41862},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41865,41866],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[46,41868,41870],{"className":48,"code":41869,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41871,41872,41885,41889,41899,41913,41928,41932,41946],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41873,41874,41876,41878,41880,41883],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41875,2608],{"class":61},[55,41877,66],{"class":65},[55,41879,258],{"class":247},[55,41881,41882],{"class":251}," 3.5 ",[55,41884,3522],{"class":247},[55,41886,41887],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,41888,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,41890,41891,41893,41895,41897],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,41892,121],{"class":120},[55,41894,103],{"class":69},[55,41896,2633],{"class":99},[55,41898,114],{"class":69},[55,41900,41901,41903,41905,41907,41909,41911],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,41902,121],{"class":120},[55,41904,103],{"class":69},[55,41906,1910],{"class":1898},[55,41908,103],{"class":69},[55,41910,2633],{"class":99},[55,41912,1867],{"class":69},[55,41914,41915,41917,41919,41922,41924,41926],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,41916,121],{"class":120},[55,41918,103],{"class":69},[55,41920,41921],{"class":120},"repr",[55,41923,103],{"class":69},[55,41925,2633],{"class":99},[55,41927,1867],{"class":69},[55,41929,41930],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,41931,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,41933,41934,41936,41938,41940,41942,41944],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,41935,41819],{"class":61},[55,41937,66],{"class":65},[55,41939,8594],{"class":61},[55,41941,44],{"class":69},[55,41943,8795],{"class":99},[55,41945,8804],{"class":69},[55,41947,41948,41950,41952,41954,41956,41958],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,41949,121],{"class":120},[55,41951,103],{"class":69},[55,41953,2355],{"class":1898},[55,41955,103],{"class":69},[55,41957,41846],{"class":99},[55,41959,1867],{"class":69},[20,41961,41962],{},"Why this helps:",[155,41964,41965,41971,41976,41982],{},[158,41966,41967,41970],{},[15,41968,41969],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[158,41972,41973,21514],{},[15,41974,41975],{},"print(type(value))",[158,41977,41978,41981],{},[15,41979,41980],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[158,41983,41984,41986],{},[15,41985,41795],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[577,41988,41990],{"id":41989},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41992,41993],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[46,41995,41997],{"className":48,"code":41996,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41998,41999,42018,42022,42028,42043,42062,42071],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42000,42001,42003,42005,42007,42009,42011,42014,42016],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42002,2608],{"class":61},[55,42004,66],{"class":65},[55,42006,8403],{"class":120},[55,42008,103],{"class":69},[55,42010,248],{"class":247},[55,42012,42013],{"class":251},"Enter a number: ",[55,42015,248],{"class":247},[55,42017,114],{"class":69},[55,42019,42020],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,42021,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,42023,42024,42026],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,42025,29948],{"class":4040},[55,42027,6552],{"class":69},[55,42029,42030,42033,42035,42037,42039,42041],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,42031,42032],{"class":61},"    number ",[55,42034,66],{"class":65},[55,42036,40396],{"class":1898},[55,42038,103],{"class":69},[55,42040,2633],{"class":99},[55,42042,114],{"class":69},[55,42044,42045,42047,42049,42051,42054,42056,42058,42060],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,42046,8230],{"class":120},[55,42048,103],{"class":69},[55,42050,248],{"class":247},[55,42052,42053],{"class":251},"Converted:",[55,42055,248],{"class":247},[55,42057,77],{"class":69},[55,42059,2360],{"class":99},[55,42061,114],{"class":69},[55,42063,42064,42066,42069],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,42065,29979],{"class":4040},[55,42067,42068],{"class":1898}," ValueError",[55,42070,6552],{"class":69},[55,42072,42073,42075,42077,42079,42082,42084],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,42074,8230],{"class":120},[55,42076,103],{"class":69},[55,42078,248],{"class":247},[55,42080,42081],{"class":251},"That is not a valid number.",[55,42083,248],{"class":247},[55,42085,114],{"class":69},[20,42087,42088,42089,44],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[36,42090,41037],{"href":41036},[142,42092,42094],{"id":42093},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42096,10751,42097,352,42099,42101],{},[15,42098,3047],{},[15,42100,3040],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42103,42104,42106],{},[15,42105,3047],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[46,42108,42110],{"className":48,"code":42109,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42111,42112],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42113,42114,42116,42118,42120,42122,42124,42127,42129],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42115,121],{"class":120},[55,42117,103],{"class":69},[55,42119,2355],{"class":1898},[55,42121,103],{"class":69},[55,42123,248],{"class":247},[55,42125,42126],{"class":251},"3.9",[55,42128,248],{"class":247},[55,42130,1867],{"class":69},[20,42132,302],{},[46,42134,42136],{"className":48,"code":42135,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.9\n",[15,42137,42138],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42139,42140],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42141,42135],{"class":73},[20,42143,42144,42146],{},[15,42145,3040],{}," creates whole numbers:",[46,42148,42150],{"className":48,"code":42149,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42151,42152],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42153,42154,42156,42158,42160,42162,42164,42166,42168],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42155,121],{"class":120},[55,42157,103],{"class":69},[55,42159,2351],{"class":1898},[55,42161,103],{"class":69},[55,42163,248],{"class":247},[55,42165,800],{"class":251},[55,42167,248],{"class":247},[55,42169,1867],{"class":69},[20,42171,302],{},[46,42173,42174],{"className":48,"code":2537,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,42175,42176],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42177,42178],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42179,2537],{"class":73},[20,42181,42182,42183,42186],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42184,42185],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[46,42188,42190],{"className":48,"code":42189,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42191,42192],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42193,42194,42196,42198,42200,42202,42204,42206,42208],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42195,121],{"class":120},[55,42197,103],{"class":69},[55,42199,2351],{"class":1898},[55,42201,103],{"class":69},[55,42203,248],{"class":247},[55,42205,42126],{"class":251},[55,42207,248],{"class":247},[55,42209,1867],{"class":69},[20,42211,3165,42212,8762,42214,42217],{},[15,42213,40845],{},[15,42215,42216],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42219,10873],{},[155,42221,42222,42228],{},[158,42223,42224,42227],{},[15,42225,42226],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[158,42229,42230,42232],{},[15,42231,42185],{}," fails",[20,42234,42235,42236,42239,42240,42242],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[36,42237,42238],{"href":3037},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[36,42241,2581],{"href":2580}," helpful.",[142,42244,1986],{"id":1985},[577,42246,42248],{"id":42247},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42250,42251,42252,3041,42254,44],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42253,2652],{},[15,42255,40284],{},[577,42257,42259],{"id":42258},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42261,42262,42263,3041,42266,44],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42264,42265],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42267,42268],{},"\"10\"",[577,42270,42272],{"id":42271},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42274,29206,42275,42277,42278,44],{},[15,42276,41671],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42279,40845],{},[577,42281,42283],{"id":42282},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42285,5309,42286,44],{},[15,42287,3932],{},[577,42289,42291],{"id":42290},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42293,42294,42295,42297,42298,352,42301,42297,42303,44],{},"Yes. ",[15,42296,3769],{}," becomes ",[15,42299,42300],{},"1.0",[15,42302,3838],{},[15,42304,3932],{},[142,42306,2039],{"id":2038},[155,42308,42309,42313,42319,42324,42328,42332],{},[158,42310,42311],{},[36,42312,42238],{"href":3037},[158,42314,42315],{},[36,42316,42318],{"href":42317},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[158,42320,42321],{},[36,42322,42323],{"href":41032},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[158,42325,42326],{},[36,42327,9219],{"href":9141},[158,42329,42330],{},[36,42331,41037],{"href":41036},[158,42333,42334],{},[36,42335,42336],{"href":8380},"Python input() Function Explained",[2080,42338,42339],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":42341},[42342,42343,42344,42345,42352,42357,42358,42365,42370,42377,42378,42385],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":40331,"depth":91,"text":40332},{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":40556,"depth":91,"text":40557,"children":42346},[42347,42348,42349,42350,42351],{"id":40565,"depth":117,"text":40566},{"id":40629,"depth":117,"text":40630},{"id":40693,"depth":117,"text":40694},{"id":40735,"depth":117,"text":40736},{"id":40790,"depth":117,"text":40791},{"id":40829,"depth":91,"text":40830,"children":42353},[42354,42355,42356],{"id":40838,"depth":117,"text":40839},{"id":40924,"depth":117,"text":40925},{"id":40994,"depth":117,"text":40995},{"id":17568,"depth":91,"text":17569},{"id":41186,"depth":91,"text":41187,"children":42359},[42360,42362,42363,42364],{"id":41190,"depth":117,"text":42361},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41283,"depth":117,"text":41284},{"id":41369,"depth":117,"text":41370},{"id":41431,"depth":117,"text":41432},{"id":41491,"depth":91,"text":41492,"children":42366},[42367,42368,42369],{"id":41500,"depth":117,"text":41501},{"id":41539,"depth":117,"text":41540},{"id":41580,"depth":117,"text":41581},{"id":41645,"depth":91,"text":41646,"children":42371},[42372,42373,42374,42375,42376],{"id":41655,"depth":117,"text":40845},{"id":41721,"depth":117,"text":3168},{"id":41788,"depth":117,"text":41789},{"id":41862,"depth":117,"text":41863},{"id":41989,"depth":117,"text":41990},{"id":42093,"depth":91,"text":42094},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":42379},[42380,42381,42382,42383,42384],{"id":42247,"depth":117,"text":42248},{"id":42258,"depth":117,"text":42259},{"id":42271,"depth":117,"text":42272},{"id":42282,"depth":117,"text":42283},{"id":42290,"depth":117,"text":42291},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40232,"description":42386},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42393,"title":42394,"body":42395,"description":43615,"extension":2124,"meta":43616,"navigation":428,"path":35166,"seo":43617,"stem":43618,"__hash__":43619},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42396,"toc":43581},[42397,42400,42405,42408,42410,42449,42463,42467,42472,42475,42492,42495,42505,42520,42523,42525,42528,42544,42547,42550,42570,42574,42585,42588,42592,42596,42610,42645,42649,42660,42695,42698,42700,42708,42741,42757,42759,42769,42790,42801,42803,42808,42811,42825,42827,42846,42849,42862,42865,42869,42873,42887,42890,42908,42911,42926,42930,42935,42949,42955,42957,43014,43016,43048,43051,43067,43071,43078,43082,43087,43090,43101,43105,43110,43125,43134,43139,43158,43161,43173,43175,43180,43190,43193,43222,43227,43236,43240,43245,43248,43252,43257,43259,43289,43292,43299,43304,43309,43313,43316,43324,43327,43405,43408,43430,43432,43436,43439,43443,43449,43512,43516,43524,43528,43531,43533,43558,43578],[10,42398,42394],{"id":42399},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42401,3747,42402,42404],{},[15,42403,35169],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42406,42407],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[142,42409,2165],{"id":2164},[46,42411,42413],{"className":48,"code":42412,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42414,42415,42425,42435],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42416,42417,42419,42421,42423],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42418,1893],{"class":120},[55,42420,103],{"class":69},[55,42422,1860],{"class":120},[55,42424,114],{"class":69},[55,42426,42427,42429,42431,42433],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,42428,1893],{"class":120},[55,42430,103],{"class":69},[55,42432,3607],{"class":1898},[55,42434,114],{"class":69},[55,42436,42437,42439,42441,42443,42445,42447],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,42438,1893],{"class":120},[55,42440,103],{"class":69},[55,42442,315],{"class":247},[55,42444,34800],{"class":251},[55,42446,315],{"class":247},[55,42448,114],{"class":69},[20,42450,31,42451,42453,42454,3041,42456,42458,42459,42462],{},[15,42452,35169],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42455,1860],{},[15,42457,3607],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42460,42461],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[142,42464,42466],{"id":42465},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42468,42469,42471],{},[15,42470,35169],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42473,42474],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[155,42476,42477,42480,42483,42486,42489],{},[158,42478,42479],{},"Functions",[158,42481,42482],{},"Classes",[158,42484,42485],{},"Methods",[158,42487,42488],{},"Modules",[158,42490,42491],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42493,42494],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42496,42497,42498,42504],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[36,42499,42501],{"href":42500},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42502,42503],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[46,42506,42508],{"className":48,"code":42507,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(len)\n",[15,42509,42510],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42511,42512,42514,42516,42518],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42513,1893],{"class":120},[55,42515,103],{"class":69},[55,42517,1860],{"class":120},[55,42519,114],{"class":69},[20,42521,42522],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[142,42524,2319],{"id":2318},[20,42526,42527],{},"The main form is:",[46,42529,42531],{"className":48,"code":42530,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(object)\n",[15,42532,42533],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42534,42535,42537,42539,42542],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42536,1893],{"class":120},[55,42538,103],{"class":69},[55,42540,42541],{"class":1898},"object",[55,42543,114],{"class":69},[20,42545,42546],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42548,42549],{},"Common examples include:",[155,42551,42552,42556,42561,42565],{},[158,42553,42554],{},[15,42555,1860],{},[158,42557,42558],{},[15,42559,42560],{},"list.append",[158,42562,42563],{},[15,42564,3607],{},[158,42566,42567],{},[15,42568,42569],{},"open",[20,42571,7335,42572,7338],{},[15,42573,35169],{},[46,42575,42577],{"className":48,"code":42576,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help()\n",[15,42578,42579],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42580,42581,42583],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42582,1893],{"class":120},[55,42584,8804],{"class":69},[20,42586,42587],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[142,42589,42591],{"id":42590},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[577,42593,42595],{"id":42594},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42597,42598,42599,2352,42601,2352,42603,17222,42606,44],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42600,1860],{},[15,42602,121],{},[15,42604,42605],{},"input",[36,42607,42608],{"href":2461},[15,42609,2464],{},[46,42611,42613],{"className":48,"code":42612,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42614,42615,42625,42635],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42616,42617,42619,42621,42623],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42618,1893],{"class":120},[55,42620,103],{"class":69},[55,42622,121],{"class":120},[55,42624,114],{"class":69},[55,42626,42627,42629,42631,42633],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,42628,1893],{"class":120},[55,42630,103],{"class":69},[55,42632,42605],{"class":120},[55,42634,114],{"class":69},[55,42636,42637,42639,42641,42643],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,42638,1893],{"class":120},[55,42640,103],{"class":69},[55,42642,1910],{"class":1898},[55,42644,114],{"class":69},[577,42646,42648],{"id":42647},"data-types","Data types",[20,42650,42651,42652,2352,42654,2352,42656,17222,42658,44],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42653,3607],{},[15,42655,1899],{},[15,42657,8983],{},[15,42659,6445],{},[46,42661,42663],{"className":48,"code":42662,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42664,42665,42675,42685],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42666,42667,42669,42671,42673],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42668,1893],{"class":120},[55,42670,103],{"class":69},[55,42672,3607],{"class":1898},[55,42674,114],{"class":69},[55,42676,42677,42679,42681,42683],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,42678,1893],{"class":120},[55,42680,103],{"class":69},[55,42682,1899],{"class":1898},[55,42684,114],{"class":69},[55,42686,42687,42689,42691,42693],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,42688,1893],{"class":120},[55,42690,103],{"class":69},[55,42692,8983],{"class":1898},[55,42694,114],{"class":69},[20,42696,42697],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[577,42699,42485],{"id":34647},[20,42701,42702,42703,352,42706,44],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42704,42705],{},"str.split",[15,42707,42560],{},[46,42709,42711],{"className":48,"code":42710,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42712,42713,42727],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42714,42715,42717,42719,42721,42723,42725],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42716,1893],{"class":120},[55,42718,103],{"class":69},[55,42720,3607],{"class":1898},[55,42722,44],{"class":69},[55,42724,34610],{"class":1880},[55,42726,114],{"class":69},[55,42728,42729,42731,42733,42735,42737,42739],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,42730,1893],{"class":120},[55,42732,103],{"class":69},[55,42734,1899],{"class":1898},[55,42736,44],{"class":69},[55,42738,1100],{"class":1880},[55,42740,114],{"class":69},[20,42742,42743,42744,8866,42746,28458,42751,42753,42754,42756],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42745,35169],{},[36,42747,42749],{"href":42748},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42750,34454],{},[15,42752,34454],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42755,35169],{}," explains one of them.",[577,42758,42488],{"id":34800},[20,42760,42761,42762,2352,42764,17222,42766,44],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42763,18564],{},[15,42765,35332],{},[15,42767,42768],{},"os",[46,42770,42772],{"className":48,"code":42771,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42773,42774,42780],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42775,42776,42778],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42777,35233],{"class":4040},[55,42779,35236],{"class":61},[55,42781,42782,42784,42786,42788],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,42783,1893],{"class":120},[55,42785,103],{"class":69},[55,42787,18564],{"class":99},[55,42789,114],{"class":69},[20,42791,42792,42793,42797,42798,44],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[36,42794,42796],{"href":42795},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[36,42799,35299],{"href":42800},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[142,42802,35060],{"id":35059},[20,42804,42805,42807],{},[15,42806,35169],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42809,42810],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[155,42812,42813,42816,42819,42822],{},[158,42814,42815],{},"The function signature",[158,42817,42818],{},"The short description",[158,42820,42821],{},"Parameter names",[158,42823,42824],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42826,5631],{},[46,42828,42830],{"className":48,"code":42829,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42831,42832],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42833,42834,42836,42838,42840,42842,42844],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42835,1893],{"class":120},[55,42837,103],{"class":69},[55,42839,3607],{"class":1898},[55,42841,44],{"class":69},[55,42843,34610],{"class":1880},[55,42845,114],{"class":69},[20,42847,42848],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[155,42850,42851,42854,42857,42859],{},[158,42852,42853],{},"What object this is",[158,42855,42856],{},"What arguments it accepts",[158,42858,22117],{},[158,42860,42861],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42863,42864],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[142,42866,42868],{"id":42867},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42870,42871,30018],{},[15,42872,35169],{},[155,42874,42875,42878,42881,42884],{},[158,42876,42877],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[158,42879,42880],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[158,42882,42883],{},"You are exploring a new module",[158,42885,42886],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42888,42889],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[46,42891,42892],{"className":48,"code":42829,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,42893,42894],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42895,42896,42898,42900,42902,42904,42906],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42897,1893],{"class":120},[55,42899,103],{"class":69},[55,42901,3607],{"class":1898},[55,42903,44],{"class":69},[55,42905,34610],{"class":1880},[55,42907,114],{"class":69},[20,42909,42910],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[46,42912,42914],{"className":48,"code":42913,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(open)\n",[15,42915,42916],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42917,42918,42920,42922,42924],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42919,1893],{"class":120},[55,42921,103],{"class":69},[55,42923,42569],{"class":120},[55,42925,114],{"class":69},[142,42927,42929],{"id":42928},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42931,42932,42934],{},[15,42933,35169],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[155,42936,42937,42940,42943,42946],{},[158,42938,42939],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[158,42941,42942],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[158,42944,42945],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[158,42947,42948],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42950,42951,42952,42954],{},"So, ",[15,42953,35169],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42956,5631],{},[46,42958,42960],{"className":48,"code":42959,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42961,42962,42975,42999,43003],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42963,42964,42966,42968,42970,42973],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42965,34829],{"class":61},[55,42967,66],{"class":65},[55,42969,258],{"class":247},[55,42971,42972],{"class":251},"a,b,c",[55,42974,3522],{"class":247},[55,42976,42977,42980,42982,42985,42987,42989,42991,42993,42995,42997],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,42978,42979],{"class":61},"parts ",[55,42981,66],{"class":65},[55,42983,42984],{"class":61}," text",[55,42986,44],{"class":69},[55,42988,34610],{"class":99},[55,42990,103],{"class":69},[55,42992,248],{"class":247},[55,42994,77],{"class":251},[55,42996,248],{"class":247},[55,42998,114],{"class":69},[55,43000,43001],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,43002,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,43004,43005,43007,43009,43012],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,43006,121],{"class":120},[55,43008,103],{"class":69},[55,43010,43011],{"class":99},"parts",[55,43013,114],{"class":69},[20,43015,5718],{},[46,43017,43018],{"className":48,"code":305,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,43019,43020],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43021,43022,43024,43026,43028,43030,43032,43034,43036,43038,43040,43042,43044,43046],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43023,312],{"class":69},[55,43025,315],{"class":247},[55,43027,36],{"class":251},[55,43029,315],{"class":247},[55,43031,77],{"class":69},[55,43033,324],{"class":247},[55,43035,285],{"class":251},[55,43037,315],{"class":247},[55,43039,77],{"class":69},[55,43041,324],{"class":247},[55,43043,261],{"class":251},[55,43045,315],{"class":247},[55,43047,88],{"class":69},[20,43049,43050],{},"A good workflow is:",[28858,43052,43053,43058,43061,43064],{},[158,43054,31,43055,43057],{},[15,43056,35169],{}," to inspect something",[158,43059,43060],{},"Write a tiny example",[158,43062,43063],{},"Check the result",[158,43065,43066],{},"Repeat",[142,43068,43070],{"id":43069},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43072,43073,352,43075,43077],{},[15,43074,35169],{},[15,43076,34454],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[577,43079,43080],{"id":1893},[15,43081,35169],{},[20,43083,31,43084,43086],{},[15,43085,35169],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43088,43089],{},"It tells you:",[155,43091,43092,43095,43098],{},[158,43093,43094],{},"What something is",[158,43096,43097],{},"How to use it",[158,43099,43100],{},"What parameters it accepts",[577,43102,43103],{"id":34515},[15,43104,34454],{},[20,43106,31,43107,43109],{},[15,43108,34454],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[46,43111,43113],{"className":48,"code":43112,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dir(str)\n",[15,43114,43115],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43116,43117,43119,43121,43123],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43118,34515],{"class":120},[55,43120,103],{"class":69},[55,43122,3607],{"class":1898},[55,43124,114],{"class":69},[20,43126,43127,43128,2352,43130,17222,43132,44],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43129,34610],{},[15,43131,8795],{},[15,43133,8801],{},[20,43135,43136,43137,153],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43138,35169],{},[46,43140,43142],{"className":48,"code":43141,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43143,43144],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43145,43146,43148,43150,43152,43154,43156],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43147,1893],{"class":120},[55,43149,103],{"class":69},[55,43151,3607],{"class":1898},[55,43153,44],{"class":69},[55,43155,8801],{"class":1880},[55,43157,114],{"class":69},[20,43159,43160],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[155,43162,43163,43168],{},[158,43164,31,43165,43167],{},[15,43166,34454],{}," to discover options",[158,43169,31,43170,43172],{},[15,43171,35169],{}," to understand one option",[142,43174,2992],{"id":2991},[20,43176,43177,43178,44],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43179,35169],{},[577,43181,8578,43183,43186,43187],{"id":43182},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43184,43185],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43188,43189],{},"help(len)",[20,43191,43192],{},"These are not always the same.",[46,43194,43196],{"className":48,"code":43195,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43197,43198,43208],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43199,43200,43202,43204,43206],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43201,1893],{"class":120},[55,43203,103],{"class":69},[55,43205,1860],{"class":120},[55,43207,114],{"class":69},[55,43209,43210,43212,43214,43216,43218,43220],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,43211,1893],{"class":120},[55,43213,103],{"class":69},[55,43215,315],{"class":247},[55,43217,1860],{"class":251},[55,43219,315],{"class":247},[55,43221,114],{"class":69},[20,43223,43224,43226],{},[15,43225,43189],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43228,43229,43231,43232,43235],{},[15,43230,43185],{}," treats ",[15,43233,43234],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[577,43237,43239],{"id":43238},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43241,43242,43244],{},[15,43243,35169],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43246,43247],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[577,43249,43251],{"id":43250},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43253,40484,43254,43256],{},[15,43255,35169],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43258,230],{},[46,43260,43262],{"className":48,"code":43261,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43263,43264,43274],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43265,43266,43268,43270,43272],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43267,1893],{"class":120},[55,43269,103],{"class":69},[55,43271,1860],{"class":120},[55,43273,114],{"class":69},[55,43275,43276,43278,43280,43282,43285,43287],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,43277,121],{"class":120},[55,43279,103],{"class":69},[55,43281,248],{"class":247},[55,43283,43284],{"class":251},"Done",[55,43286,248],{"class":247},[55,43288,114],{"class":69},[20,43290,43291],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[577,43293,37343,43295,8866,43297],{"id":43294},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43296,35169],{},[15,43298,34454],{},[20,43300,43301,43302,44],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43303,34454],{},[20,43305,43306,43307,44],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43308,35169],{},[142,43310,43312],{"id":43311},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43314,43315],{},"Open Python:",[46,43317,43318],{"className":48,"code":35684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,43319,43320],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43321,43322],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43323,35684],{"class":61},[20,43325,43326],{},"Then test these commands:",[46,43328,43330],{"className":48,"code":43329,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43331,43332,43342,43356,43370,43380,43395],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43333,43334,43336,43338,43340],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43335,1893],{"class":120},[55,43337,103],{"class":69},[55,43339,1860],{"class":120},[55,43341,114],{"class":69},[55,43343,43344,43346,43348,43350,43352,43354],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,43345,1893],{"class":120},[55,43347,103],{"class":69},[55,43349,3607],{"class":1898},[55,43351,44],{"class":69},[55,43353,34610],{"class":1880},[55,43355,114],{"class":69},[55,43357,43358,43360,43362,43364,43366,43368],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,43359,1893],{"class":120},[55,43361,103],{"class":69},[55,43363,1899],{"class":1898},[55,43365,44],{"class":69},[55,43367,1100],{"class":1880},[55,43369,114],{"class":69},[55,43371,43372,43374,43376,43378],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,43373,1893],{"class":120},[55,43375,103],{"class":69},[55,43377,42569],{"class":120},[55,43379,114],{"class":69},[55,43381,43382,43384,43386,43388,43391,43393],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,43383,1893],{"class":120},[55,43385,103],{"class":69},[55,43387,315],{"class":247},[55,43389,43390],{"class":251},"keywords",[55,43392,315],{"class":247},[55,43394,114],{"class":69},[55,43396,43397,43399,43401,43403],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,43398,34515],{"class":120},[55,43400,103],{"class":69},[55,43402,3607],{"class":1898},[55,43404,114],{"class":69},[20,43406,43407],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[155,43409,43410,43413,43416,43419,43422,43425],{},[158,43411,43412],{},"A built-in function",[158,43414,43415],{},"A string method",[158,43417,43418],{},"A list method",[158,43420,43421],{},"A built-in file function",[158,43423,43424],{},"A special help topic",[158,43426,15338,43427,43429],{},[15,43428,34454],{}," example for comparison",[142,43431,1986],{"id":1985},[577,43433,43435],{"id":43434},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43437,43438],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[577,43440,43442],{"id":43441},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43444,43445,43446,43448],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43447,35169],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[46,43450,43452],{"className":48,"code":43451,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43453,43454,43466,43479,43498,43502],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43455,43456,43458,43460,43462,43464],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43457,34993],{"class":2226},[55,43459,34997],{"class":34996},[55,43461,103],{"class":69},[55,43463,7829],{"class":37802},[55,43465,8502],{"class":69},[55,43467,43468,43472,43476],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,43469,43471],{"class":43470},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[55,43473,43475],{"class":43474},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[55,43477,43478],{"class":43470},"\"\"\"\n",[55,43480,43481,43483,43486,43489,43491,43493,43495],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,43482,35004],{"class":4040},[55,43484,43485],{"class":2226}," f",[55,43487,43488],{"class":251},"\"Hello, ",[55,43490,9440],{"class":73},[55,43492,7829],{"class":61},[55,43494,22450],{"class":73},[55,43496,43497],{"class":251},"!\"\n",[55,43499,43500],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,43501,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,43503,43504,43506,43508,43510],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,43505,1893],{"class":120},[55,43507,103],{"class":69},[55,43509,35039],{"class":99},[55,43511,114],{"class":69},[577,43513,43515],{"id":43514},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43517,43518,43520,43521,43523],{},[15,43519,43189],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43522,43185],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[577,43525,43527],{"id":43526},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43529,43530],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[142,43532,2039],{"id":2038},[155,43534,43535,43540,43544,43549,43554],{},[158,43536,43537],{},[36,43538,43539],{"href":42748},"Python dir() function explained",[158,43541,43542],{},[36,43543,8603],{"href":2461},[158,43545,43546],{},[36,43547,43548],{"href":42500},"Python len() function explained",[158,43550,43551],{},[36,43552,43553],{"href":42795},"How import works in Python",[158,43555,43556],{},[36,43557,35299],{"href":42800},[20,43559,43560,43561,43563,43564,2352,43566,17222,43568,43570,43571,3041,43574,43577],{},"Try ",[15,43562,35169],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43565,1860],{},[15,43567,121],{},[15,43569,42605],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43572,43573],{},"dir(str)",[15,43575,43576],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2080,43579,43580],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":43582},[43583,43584,43585,43586,43592,43593,43594,43595,43599,43607,43608,43614],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":42465,"depth":91,"text":42466},{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":42590,"depth":91,"text":42591,"children":43587},[43588,43589,43590,43591],{"id":42594,"depth":117,"text":42595},{"id":42647,"depth":117,"text":42648},{"id":34647,"depth":117,"text":42485},{"id":34800,"depth":117,"text":42488},{"id":35059,"depth":91,"text":35060},{"id":42867,"depth":91,"text":42868},{"id":42928,"depth":91,"text":42929},{"id":43069,"depth":91,"text":43070,"children":43596},[43597,43598],{"id":1893,"depth":117,"text":35169},{"id":34515,"depth":117,"text":34454},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":43600},[43601,43603,43604,43605],{"id":43182,"depth":117,"text":43602},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43238,"depth":117,"text":43239},{"id":43250,"depth":117,"text":43251},{"id":43294,"depth":117,"text":43606},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43311,"depth":91,"text":43312},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":43609},[43610,43611,43612,43613],{"id":43434,"depth":117,"text":43435},{"id":43441,"depth":117,"text":43442},{"id":43514,"depth":117,"text":43515},{"id":43526,"depth":117,"text":43527},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42394,"description":43615},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43621,"title":43622,"body":43623,"description":44985,"extension":2124,"meta":44986,"navigation":428,"path":44987,"seo":44988,"stem":44989,"__hash__":44990},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43624,"toc":44958},[43625,43631,43636,43642,43652,43711,43721,43732,43737,43743,43745,43763,43771,43773,43775,43790,43793,43804,43806,43897,43900,43904,43909,43930,43932,44043,44045,44072,44083,44087,44090,44173,44175,44183,44189,44195,44199,44202,44312,44314,44327,44330,44344,44352,44359,44364,44378,44384,44497,44499,44560,44563,44569,44575,44578,44600,44603,44673,44676,44708,44715,44717,44720,44738,44741,44753,44759,44761,44766,44792,44795,44867,44869,44875,44878,44884,44887,44893,44903,44909,44912,44919,44922,44924,44955],[10,43626,3740,43628,3744],{"id":43627},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43629,43630],{},"id()",[20,43632,32461,43633,43635],{},[15,43634,43630],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43637,43638,43639,43641],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43640,43630],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43643,31,43644,43646,43647,43649,43650,44],{},[15,43645,43630],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[1966,43648,1968],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43651,4849],{},[46,43653,43655],{"className":48,"code":43654,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43656,43657,43669,43683,43687,43697],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43658,43659,43661,43663,43665,43667],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43660,8037],{"class":61},[55,43662,66],{"class":65},[55,43664,258],{"class":247},[55,43666,7457],{"class":251},[55,43668,3522],{"class":247},[55,43670,43671,43673,43675,43677,43679,43681],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,43672,121],{"class":120},[55,43674,103],{"class":69},[55,43676,12805],{"class":120},[55,43678,103],{"class":69},[55,43680,7829],{"class":99},[55,43682,1867],{"class":69},[55,43684,43685],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,43686,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,43688,43689,43692,43694],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,43690,43691],{"class":61},"other ",[55,43693,66],{"class":65},[55,43695,43696],{"class":61}," name\n",[55,43698,43699,43701,43703,43705,43707,43709],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,43700,121],{"class":120},[55,43702,103],{"class":69},[55,43704,12805],{"class":120},[55,43706,103],{"class":69},[55,43708,30887],{"class":99},[55,43710,1867],{"class":69},[20,43712,43713,43714,43717,43718,43720],{},"In this example, ",[15,43715,43716],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43719,43630],{}," values match.",[43722,43723,43724],"blockquote",{},[20,43725,31,43726,43728,43729,43731],{},[15,43727,43630],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43730,4849],{}," for value comparison.",[142,43733,145,43735,148],{"id":43734},"what-id-does",[15,43736,43630],{},[20,43738,43739,43742],{},[15,43740,43741],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43744,13208],{},[155,43746,43747,43750,43757,43760],{},[158,43748,43749],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[158,43751,43752,43753,43756],{},"It shows ",[1966,43754,43755],{},"object identity",", not object value",[158,43758,43759],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[158,43761,43762],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43764,43765,43766,43770],{},"This is closely related to how ",[36,43767,43769],{"href":43768},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[142,43772,2319],{"id":2318},[20,43774,5593],{},[46,43776,43778],{"className":48,"code":43777,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"id(object)\n",[15,43779,43780],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43781,43782,43784,43786,43788],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43783,12805],{"class":120},[55,43785,103],{"class":69},[55,43787,42541],{"class":1898},[55,43789,114],{"class":69},[20,43791,43792],{},"Important details:",[155,43794,43795,43798,43801],{},[158,43796,43797],{},"It takes one argument",[158,43799,43800],{},"It returns an integer",[158,43802,43803],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43805,230],{},[46,43807,43809],{"className":48,"code":43808,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43810,43811,43823,43831,43851,43855,43869,43883],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43812,43813,43815,43817,43819,43821],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43814,34829],{"class":61},[55,43816,66],{"class":65},[55,43818,258],{"class":247},[55,43820,4009],{"class":251},[55,43822,3522],{"class":247},[55,43824,43825,43827,43829],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,43826,2380],{"class":61},[55,43828,66],{"class":65},[55,43830,2930],{"class":73},[55,43832,43833,43835,43837,43839,43841,43843,43845,43847,43849],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,43834,1026],{"class":61},[55,43836,66],{"class":65},[55,43838,70],{"class":69},[55,43840,74],{"class":73},[55,43842,77],{"class":69},[55,43844,80],{"class":73},[55,43846,77],{"class":69},[55,43848,111],{"class":73},[55,43850,88],{"class":69},[55,43852,43853],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,43854,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,43856,43857,43859,43861,43863,43865,43867],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,43858,121],{"class":120},[55,43860,103],{"class":69},[55,43862,12805],{"class":120},[55,43864,103],{"class":69},[55,43866,34850],{"class":99},[55,43868,1867],{"class":69},[55,43870,43871,43873,43875,43877,43879,43881],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,43872,121],{"class":120},[55,43874,103],{"class":69},[55,43876,12805],{"class":120},[55,43878,103],{"class":69},[55,43880,2402],{"class":99},[55,43882,1867],{"class":69},[55,43884,43885,43887,43889,43891,43893,43895],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,43886,121],{"class":120},[55,43888,103],{"class":69},[55,43890,12805],{"class":120},[55,43892,103],{"class":69},[55,43894,1057],{"class":99},[55,43896,1867],{"class":69},[20,43898,43899],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[142,43901,43903],{"id":43902},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43905,43906,43907,44],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43908,43630],{},[155,43910,43911,43918,43925],{},[158,43912,43913,43915,43916],{},[15,43914,4849],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[1966,43917,2633],{},[158,43919,43920,43922,43923],{},[15,43921,12350],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[1966,43924,42541],{},[158,43926,43927,43929],{},[15,43928,43630],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43931,230],{},[46,43933,43935],{"className":48,"code":43934,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43936,43937,43957,43977,43981,43998,44015,44029],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43938,43939,43941,43943,43945,43947,43949,43951,43953,43955],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43940,2715],{"class":61},[55,43942,66],{"class":65},[55,43944,70],{"class":69},[55,43946,74],{"class":73},[55,43948,77],{"class":69},[55,43950,80],{"class":73},[55,43952,77],{"class":69},[55,43954,111],{"class":73},[55,43956,88],{"class":69},[55,43958,43959,43961,43963,43965,43967,43969,43971,43973,43975],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,43960,2743],{"class":61},[55,43962,66],{"class":65},[55,43964,70],{"class":69},[55,43966,74],{"class":73},[55,43968,77],{"class":69},[55,43970,80],{"class":73},[55,43972,77],{"class":69},[55,43974,111],{"class":73},[55,43976,88],{"class":69},[55,43978,43979],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,43980,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,43982,43983,43985,43987,43989,43991,43993,43995],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,43984,121],{"class":120},[55,43986,103],{"class":69},[55,43988,2715],{"class":99},[55,43990,4849],{"class":65},[55,43992,2720],{"class":99},[55,43994,3825],{"class":69},[55,43996,43997],{"class":133},"   # True\n",[55,43999,44000,44002,44004,44006,44008,44010,44012],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,44001,121],{"class":120},[55,44003,103],{"class":69},[55,44005,2715],{"class":99},[55,44007,12350],{"class":4040},[55,44009,2720],{"class":99},[55,44011,3825],{"class":69},[55,44013,44014],{"class":133},"   # False\n",[55,44016,44017,44019,44021,44023,44025,44027],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,44018,121],{"class":120},[55,44020,103],{"class":69},[55,44022,12805],{"class":120},[55,44024,103],{"class":69},[55,44026,36],{"class":99},[55,44028,1867],{"class":69},[55,44030,44031,44033,44035,44037,44039,44041],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,44032,121],{"class":120},[55,44034,103],{"class":69},[55,44036,12805],{"class":120},[55,44038,103],{"class":69},[55,44040,285],{"class":99},[55,44042,1867],{"class":69},[20,44044,2341],{},[155,44046,44047,44055,44063],{},[158,44048,44049,4944,44052,44054],{},[15,44050,44051],{},"a == b",[15,44053,3769],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[158,44056,44057,4944,44060,44062],{},[15,44058,44059],{},"a is b",[15,44061,3838],{}," because they are different list objects",[158,44064,44065,352,44068,44071],{},[15,44066,44067],{},"id(a)",[15,44069,44070],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44073,44074,44075,352,44079,44],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[36,44076,44078],{"href":44077},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[36,44080,44082],{"href":44081},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[142,44084,44086],{"id":44085},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44088,44089],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[46,44091,44093],{"className":48,"code":44092,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44094,44095,44115,44125,44129,44143,44158],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44096,44097,44099,44101,44103,44105,44107,44109,44111,44113],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44098,62],{"class":61},[55,44100,66],{"class":65},[55,44102,70],{"class":69},[55,44104,800],{"class":73},[55,44106,77],{"class":69},[55,44108,7951],{"class":73},[55,44110,77],{"class":69},[55,44112,7956],{"class":73},[55,44114,88],{"class":69},[55,44116,44117,44120,44122],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,44118,44119],{"class":61},"other_numbers ",[55,44121,66],{"class":65},[55,44123,44124],{"class":61}," numbers\n",[55,44126,44127],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,44128,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,44130,44131,44133,44135,44137,44139,44141],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,44132,121],{"class":120},[55,44134,103],{"class":69},[55,44136,12805],{"class":120},[55,44138,103],{"class":69},[55,44140,94],{"class":99},[55,44142,1867],{"class":69},[55,44144,44145,44147,44149,44151,44153,44156],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,44146,121],{"class":120},[55,44148,103],{"class":69},[55,44150,12805],{"class":120},[55,44152,103],{"class":69},[55,44154,44155],{"class":99},"other_numbers",[55,44157,1867],{"class":69},[55,44159,44160,44162,44164,44166,44168,44171],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,44161,121],{"class":120},[55,44163,103],{"class":69},[55,44165,62],{"class":99},[55,44167,12350],{"class":4040},[55,44169,44170],{"class":99}," other_numbers",[55,44172,114],{"class":69},[20,44174,5718],{},[46,44176,44177],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,44178,44179],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44180,44181],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44182,4143],{"class":1312},[20,44184,44185,44186,44188],{},"The two ",[15,44187,43630],{}," values will also match.",[20,44190,22336,44191,44194],{},[15,44192,44193],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[142,44196,44198],{"id":44197},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44200,44201],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[46,44203,44205],{"className":48,"code":44204,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44206,44207,44228,44249,44253,44268,44282,44297],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44208,44209,44212,44214,44216,44218,44220,44222,44224,44226],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44210,44211],{"class":61},"list_a ",[55,44213,66],{"class":65},[55,44215,70],{"class":69},[55,44217,74],{"class":73},[55,44219,77],{"class":69},[55,44221,80],{"class":73},[55,44223,77],{"class":69},[55,44225,111],{"class":73},[55,44227,88],{"class":69},[55,44229,44230,44233,44235,44237,44239,44241,44243,44245,44247],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,44231,44232],{"class":61},"list_b ",[55,44234,66],{"class":65},[55,44236,70],{"class":69},[55,44238,74],{"class":73},[55,44240,77],{"class":69},[55,44242,80],{"class":73},[55,44244,77],{"class":69},[55,44246,111],{"class":73},[55,44248,88],{"class":69},[55,44250,44251],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,44252,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,44254,44255,44257,44259,44261,44263,44266],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,44256,121],{"class":120},[55,44258,103],{"class":69},[55,44260,44211],{"class":99},[55,44262,4849],{"class":65},[55,44264,44265],{"class":99}," list_b",[55,44267,114],{"class":69},[55,44269,44270,44272,44274,44276,44278,44280],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,44271,121],{"class":120},[55,44273,103],{"class":69},[55,44275,44211],{"class":99},[55,44277,12350],{"class":4040},[55,44279,44265],{"class":99},[55,44281,114],{"class":69},[55,44283,44284,44286,44288,44290,44292,44295],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,44285,121],{"class":120},[55,44287,103],{"class":69},[55,44289,12805],{"class":120},[55,44291,103],{"class":69},[55,44293,44294],{"class":99},"list_a",[55,44296,1867],{"class":69},[55,44298,44299,44301,44303,44305,44307,44310],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,44300,121],{"class":120},[55,44302,103],{"class":69},[55,44304,12805],{"class":120},[55,44306,103],{"class":69},[55,44308,44309],{"class":99},"list_b",[55,44311,1867],{"class":69},[20,44313,5718],{},[46,44315,44317],{"className":48,"code":44316,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44318,44319,44323],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44320,44321],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44322,4143],{"class":1312},[55,44324,44325],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,44326,4204],{"class":1312},[20,44328,44329],{},"What this means:",[155,44331,44332,44335,44338],{},[158,44333,44334],{},"The lists are equal in value",[158,44336,44337],{},"They are not the same object",[158,44339,44340,44341,44343],{},"Their ",[15,44342,43630],{}," values are usually different",[20,44345,44346,44347,44349,44350,44],{},"This is why ",[15,44348,43630],{}," should not replace ",[15,44351,4849],{},[142,44353,44355,44356,44358],{"id":44354},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44357,43630],{}," is useful",[20,44360,44361,44363],{},[15,44362,43630],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[155,44365,44366,44369,44372,44375],{},[158,44367,44368],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[158,44370,44371],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[158,44373,44374],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[158,44376,44377],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44379,44380,44381,44383],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44382,43630],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[46,44385,44387],{"className":48,"code":44386,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44388,44389,44413,44422,44426,44445,44449,44459,44469,44483],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44390,44391,44393,44395,44397,44399,44401,44403,44405,44407,44409,44411],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44392,12242],{"class":61},[55,44394,66],{"class":65},[55,44396,70],{"class":69},[55,44398,248],{"class":247},[55,44400,36],{"class":251},[55,44402,248],{"class":247},[55,44404,77],{"class":69},[55,44406,258],{"class":247},[55,44408,285],{"class":251},[55,44410,248],{"class":247},[55,44412,88],{"class":69},[55,44414,44415,44418,44420],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,44416,44417],{"class":61},"copy_ref ",[55,44419,66],{"class":65},[55,44421,12280],{"class":61},[55,44423,44424],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,44425,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,44427,44428,44431,44433,44435,44437,44439,44441,44443],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,44429,44430],{"class":61},"copy_ref",[55,44432,44],{"class":69},[55,44434,1100],{"class":99},[55,44436,103],{"class":69},[55,44438,248],{"class":247},[55,44440,261],{"class":251},[55,44442,248],{"class":247},[55,44444,114],{"class":69},[55,44446,44447],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,44448,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,44450,44451,44453,44455,44457],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,44452,121],{"class":120},[55,44454,103],{"class":69},[55,44456,12289],{"class":99},[55,44458,114],{"class":69},[55,44460,44461,44463,44465,44467],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,44462,121],{"class":120},[55,44464,103],{"class":69},[55,44466,44430],{"class":99},[55,44468,114],{"class":69},[55,44470,44471,44473,44475,44477,44479,44481],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,44472,121],{"class":120},[55,44474,103],{"class":69},[55,44476,12805],{"class":120},[55,44478,103],{"class":69},[55,44480,12289],{"class":99},[55,44482,1867],{"class":69},[55,44484,44485,44487,44489,44491,44493,44495],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,44486,121],{"class":120},[55,44488,103],{"class":69},[55,44490,12805],{"class":120},[55,44492,103],{"class":69},[55,44494,44430],{"class":99},[55,44496,1867],{"class":69},[20,44498,5718],{},[46,44500,44502],{"className":48,"code":44501,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44503,44504,44532],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44505,44506,44508,44510,44512,44514,44516,44518,44520,44522,44524,44526,44528,44530],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44507,312],{"class":69},[55,44509,315],{"class":247},[55,44511,36],{"class":251},[55,44513,315],{"class":247},[55,44515,77],{"class":69},[55,44517,324],{"class":247},[55,44519,285],{"class":251},[55,44521,315],{"class":247},[55,44523,77],{"class":69},[55,44525,324],{"class":247},[55,44527,261],{"class":251},[55,44529,315],{"class":247},[55,44531,88],{"class":69},[55,44533,44534,44536,44538,44540,44542,44544,44546,44548,44550,44552,44554,44556,44558],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,44535,312],{"class":69},[55,44537,315],{"class":247},[55,44539,36],{"class":251},[55,44541,315],{"class":247},[55,44543,77],{"class":69},[55,44545,324],{"class":247},[55,44547,285],{"class":251},[55,44549,315],{"class":247},[55,44551,77],{"class":69},[55,44553,324],{"class":247},[55,44555,261],{"class":251},[55,44557,315],{"class":247},[55,44559,88],{"class":69},[20,44561,44562],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[142,44564,44566,44567],{"id":44565},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44568,43630],{},[20,44570,44571,44572,44574],{},"Do not use ",[15,44573,43630],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44576,44577],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[155,44579,44580,44586,44592,44595],{},[158,44581,44582,44583,44585],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44584,4849],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[158,44587,44588,44589,44591],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44590,43630],{}," values across program runs",[158,44593,44594],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[158,44596,44597,44598],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44599,43630],{},[20,44601,44602],{},"Bad example:",[46,44604,44606],{"className":48,"code":44605,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44607,44608,44620,44632,44636,44658],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44609,44610,44612,44614,44616,44618],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44611,2715],{"class":61},[55,44613,66],{"class":65},[55,44615,258],{"class":247},[55,44617,37186],{"class":251},[55,44619,3522],{"class":247},[55,44621,44622,44624,44626,44628,44630],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,44623,2743],{"class":61},[55,44625,66],{"class":65},[55,44627,258],{"class":247},[55,44629,37186],{"class":251},[55,44631,3522],{"class":247},[55,44633,44634],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,44635,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,44637,44638,44640,44642,44644,44646,44648,44650,44652,44654,44656],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,44639,7157],{"class":4040},[55,44641,14965],{"class":120},[55,44643,103],{"class":69},[55,44645,36],{"class":99},[55,44647,3825],{"class":69},[55,44649,6567],{"class":65},[55,44651,14965],{"class":120},[55,44653,103],{"class":69},[55,44655,285],{"class":99},[55,44657,8502],{"class":69},[55,44659,44660,44662,44664,44666,44669,44671],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,44661,8230],{"class":120},[55,44663,103],{"class":69},[55,44665,248],{"class":247},[55,44667,44668],{"class":251},"The values are equal",[55,44670,248],{"class":247},[55,44672,114],{"class":69},[20,44674,44675],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[46,44677,44679],{"className":48,"code":44678,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44680,44681,44694],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44682,44683,44685,44688,44690,44692],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44684,7157],{"class":4040},[55,44686,44687],{"class":61}," a ",[55,44689,4849],{"class":65},[55,44691,2720],{"class":61},[55,44693,6552],{"class":69},[55,44695,44696,44698,44700,44702,44704,44706],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,44697,8230],{"class":120},[55,44699,103],{"class":69},[55,44701,248],{"class":247},[55,44703,44668],{"class":251},[55,44705,248],{"class":247},[55,44707,114],{"class":69},[20,44709,31,44710,3041,44712,44714],{},[15,44711,12350],{},[15,44713,43630],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[142,44716,20947],{"id":20946},[20,44718,44719],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[155,44721,44722,44725,44728,44733],{},[158,44723,44724],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[158,44726,44727],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[158,44729,44730,44731],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44732,43630],{},[158,44734,44735,44736],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44737,43630],{},[20,44739,44740],{},"The important rule is:",[155,44742,44743,44748],{},[158,44744,31,44745,44747],{},[15,44746,4849],{}," to check value",[158,44749,31,44750,44752],{},[15,44751,12350],{}," to check identity",[20,44754,44755,44756,44758],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44757,43630],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[142,44760,2992],{"id":2991},[20,44762,44763,44764,153],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44765,43630],{},[155,44767,44768,44776,44779,44782,44787],{},[158,44769,8578,44770,44772,44773,44775],{},[15,44771,43630],{}," when ",[15,44774,4849],{}," should be used",[158,44777,44778],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[158,44780,44781],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[158,44783,44784,44785],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44786,43630],{},[158,44788,8578,44789,44791],{},[15,44790,43630],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44793,44794],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[46,44796,44798],{"className":48,"code":44797,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44799,44800,44815,44829,44843,44857],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44801,44802,44804,44806,44808,44810,44813],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44803,121],{"class":120},[55,44805,103],{"class":69},[55,44807,12805],{"class":120},[55,44809,103],{"class":69},[55,44811,44812],{"class":99},"my_object",[55,44814,1867],{"class":69},[55,44816,44817,44819,44821,44823,44825,44827],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,44818,121],{"class":120},[55,44820,103],{"class":69},[55,44822,2715],{"class":99},[55,44824,4849],{"class":65},[55,44826,2720],{"class":99},[55,44828,114],{"class":69},[55,44830,44831,44833,44835,44837,44839,44841],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,44832,121],{"class":120},[55,44834,103],{"class":69},[55,44836,2715],{"class":99},[55,44838,12350],{"class":4040},[55,44840,2720],{"class":99},[55,44842,114],{"class":69},[55,44844,44845,44847,44849,44851,44853,44855],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,44846,121],{"class":120},[55,44848,103],{"class":69},[55,44850,1910],{"class":1898},[55,44852,103],{"class":69},[55,44854,44812],{"class":99},[55,44856,1867],{"class":69},[55,44858,44859,44861,44863,44865],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,44860,1893],{"class":120},[55,44862,103],{"class":69},[55,44864,12805],{"class":120},[55,44866,114],{"class":69},[142,44868,1986],{"id":1985},[577,44870,44872,44873,12871],{"id":44871},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44874,43630],{},[20,44876,44877],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[577,44879,15052,44881,44883],{"id":44880},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44882,43630],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44885,44886],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[577,44888,21567,44890,44892],{"id":44889},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44891,43630],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44894,30415,44895,44897,44898,3041,44900,44902],{},[15,44896,4849],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44899,43630],{},[15,44901,12350],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[577,44904,44906,44907,2027],{"id":44905},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44908,43630],{},[20,44910,44911],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[577,44913,44915,44916,44918],{"id":44914},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44917,43630],{}," values?",[20,44920,44921],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[142,44923,2039],{"id":2038},[155,44925,44926,44931,44936,44941,44949],{},[158,44927,44928],{},[36,44929,44930],{"href":43768},"Python variables explained for beginners",[158,44932,44933],{},[36,44934,44935],{"href":44077},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[158,44937,44938],{},[36,44939,44940],{"href":44081},"Python data types overview",[158,44942,44943],{},[36,44944,3740,44946,3673],{"href":44945},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44947,44948],{},"isinstance()",[158,44950,44951],{},[36,44952,44954],{"href":44953},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2080,44956,44957],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":44959},[44960,44962,44963,44964,44965,44966,44968,44970,44971,44972,44984],{"id":43734,"depth":91,"text":44961},"What id() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":43902,"depth":91,"text":43903},{"id":44085,"depth":91,"text":44086},{"id":44197,"depth":91,"text":44198},{"id":44354,"depth":91,"text":44967},"When id() is useful",{"id":44565,"depth":91,"text":44969},"When not to use id()",{"id":20946,"depth":91,"text":20947},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":44973},[44974,44976,44978,44980,44982],{"id":44871,"depth":117,"text":44975},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44880,"depth":117,"text":44977},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44889,"depth":117,"text":44979},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44905,"depth":117,"text":44981},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44914,"depth":117,"text":44983},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43622,"description":44985},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44992,"title":42336,"body":44993,"description":46633,"extension":2124,"meta":46634,"navigation":428,"path":46635,"seo":46636,"stem":46637,"__hash__":46638},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44994,"toc":46599},[44995,45000,45005,45008,45010,45053,45058,45061,45066,45071,45074,45090,45092,45136,45138,45165,45167,45182,45184,45186,45188,45204,45206,45218,45221,45255,45258,45283,45288,45290,45295,45299,45302,45304,45352,45354,45387,45393,45404,45406,45458,45460,45491,45493,45497,45501,45544,45550,45556,45608,45616,45621,45625,45716,45718,45751,45754,45756,45816,45818,45844,45854,45856,45860,45865,45870,45872,45909,45911,45930,45933,45937,45940,45996,46008,46017,46019,46046,46054,46061,46065,46068,46105,46108,46114,46151,46153,46157,46163,46181,46186,46234,46238,46327,46330,46337,46339,46341,46346,46364,46366,46409,46415,46432,46434,46496,46498,46500,46506,46514,46520,46526,46535,46545,46549,46557,46559,46561,46596],[10,44996,3740,44998,3744],{"id":44997},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44999,3121],{},[20,45001,568,45002,45004],{},[15,45003,3121],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45006,45007],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[142,45009,2165],{"id":2164},[46,45011,45013],{"className":48,"code":45012,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45014,45015,45034],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45016,45017,45019,45021,45023,45025,45027,45030,45032],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45018,8037],{"class":61},[55,45020,66],{"class":65},[55,45022,8403],{"class":120},[55,45024,103],{"class":69},[55,45026,248],{"class":247},[55,45028,45029],{"class":251},"Enter your name: ",[55,45031,248],{"class":247},[55,45033,114],{"class":69},[55,45035,45036,45038,45040,45042,45045,45047,45049,45051],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,45037,121],{"class":120},[55,45039,103],{"class":69},[55,45041,248],{"class":247},[55,45043,45044],{"class":251},"Hello, ",[55,45046,248],{"class":247},[55,45048,2615],{"class":65},[55,45050,36132],{"class":99},[55,45052,114],{"class":69},[20,45054,31,45055,45057],{},[15,45056,3121],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45059,45060],"hr",{},[142,45062,145,45064,148],{"id":45063},"what-input-does",[15,45065,3121],{},[20,45067,45068,45070],{},[15,45069,3121],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45072,45073],{},"Here is what happens:",[155,45075,45076,45081,45084,45087],{},[158,45077,45078,45080],{},[15,45079,3121],{}," waits for the user to type",[158,45082,45083],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[158,45085,45086],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[158,45088,45089],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45091,230],{},[46,45093,45095],{"className":48,"code":45094,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45096,45097,45117],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45098,45099,45102,45104,45106,45108,45110,45113,45115],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45100,45101],{"class":61},"color ",[55,45103,66],{"class":65},[55,45105,8403],{"class":120},[55,45107,103],{"class":69},[55,45109,248],{"class":247},[55,45111,45112],{"class":251},"What is your favorite color? ",[55,45114,248],{"class":247},[55,45116,114],{"class":69},[55,45118,45119,45121,45123,45125,45128,45130,45132,45134],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,45120,121],{"class":120},[55,45122,103],{"class":69},[55,45124,248],{"class":247},[55,45126,45127],{"class":251},"Your favorite color is",[55,45129,248],{"class":247},[55,45131,77],{"class":69},[55,45133,35991],{"class":99},[55,45135,114],{"class":69},[20,45137,30174],{},[46,45139,45141],{"className":48,"code":45140,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45142,45143,45156],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45144,45145,45147,45149,45152,45154],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45146,145],{"class":61},[55,45148,12350],{"class":65},[55,45150,45151],{"class":61}," your favorite color",[55,45153,2027],{"class":37506},[55,45155,36021],{"class":61},[55,45157,45158,45161,45163],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,45159,45160],{"class":61},"Your favorite color ",[55,45162,12350],{"class":65},[55,45164,36021],{"class":61},[20,45166,20104],{},[155,45168,45169,45174,45179],{},[158,45170,45171,45172],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45173,45112],{},[158,45175,45176,45177],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45178,33035],{},[158,45180,45181],{},"That value is then printed",[45059,45183],{},[142,45185,2319],{"id":2318},[20,45187,7378],{},[46,45189,45191],{"className":48,"code":45190,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45192,45193],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45194,45195,45197,45199,45202],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45196,42605],{"class":120},[55,45198,103],{"class":69},[55,45200,45201],{"class":99},"prompt",[55,45203,114],{"class":69},[20,45205,11617],{},[155,45207,45208,45212,45215],{},[158,45209,568,45210,20186],{},[15,45211,45201],{},[158,45213,45214],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[158,45216,45217],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45219,45220],{},"Example with a prompt:",[46,45222,45224],{"className":48,"code":45223,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45225,45226,45245],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45227,45228,45230,45232,45234,45236,45238,45241,45243],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45229,8122],{"class":61},[55,45231,66],{"class":65},[55,45233,8403],{"class":120},[55,45235,103],{"class":69},[55,45237,248],{"class":247},[55,45239,45240],{"class":251},"Enter your username: ",[55,45242,248],{"class":247},[55,45244,114],{"class":69},[55,45246,45247,45249,45251,45253],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,45248,121],{"class":120},[55,45250,103],{"class":69},[55,45252,8146],{"class":99},[55,45254,114],{"class":69},[20,45256,45257],{},"Example without a prompt:",[46,45259,45261],{"className":48,"code":45260,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45262,45263,45273],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45264,45265,45267,45269,45271],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45266,2608],{"class":61},[55,45268,66],{"class":65},[55,45270,8403],{"class":120},[55,45272,8804],{"class":69},[55,45274,45275,45277,45279,45281],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,45276,121],{"class":120},[55,45278,103],{"class":69},[55,45280,2633],{"class":99},[55,45282,114],{"class":69},[20,45284,7924,45285,45287],{},[15,45286,3121],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45059,45289],{},[142,45291,145,45293,11862],{"id":45292},"what-input-returns",[15,45294,3121],{},[20,45296,45297,8386],{},[15,45298,3121],{},[20,45300,45301],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45303,230],{},[46,45305,45307],{"className":48,"code":45306,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45308,45309,45328,45338],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45310,45311,45313,45315,45317,45319,45321,45324,45326],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45312,21775],{"class":61},[55,45314,66],{"class":65},[55,45316,8403],{"class":120},[55,45318,103],{"class":69},[55,45320,248],{"class":247},[55,45322,45323],{"class":251},"Enter your age: ",[55,45325,248],{"class":247},[55,45327,114],{"class":69},[55,45329,45330,45332,45334,45336],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,45331,121],{"class":120},[55,45333,103],{"class":69},[55,45335,9461],{"class":99},[55,45337,114],{"class":69},[55,45339,45340,45342,45344,45346,45348,45350],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,45341,121],{"class":120},[55,45343,103],{"class":69},[55,45345,1910],{"class":1898},[55,45347,103],{"class":69},[55,45349,9461],{"class":99},[55,45351,1867],{"class":69},[20,45353,30174],{},[46,45355,45357],{"className":48,"code":45356,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45358,45359,45369,45373],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45360,45361,45364,45366],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45362,45363],{"class":61},"Enter your age",[55,45365,153],{"class":69},[55,45367,45368],{"class":73}," 25\n",[55,45370,45371],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,45372,2870],{"class":73},[55,45374,45375,45377,45379,45381,45383,45385],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,45376,3454],{"class":65},[55,45378,3457],{"class":2226},[55,45380,324],{"class":247},[55,45382,3607],{"class":251},[55,45384,315],{"class":247},[55,45386,3466],{"class":65},[20,45388,45389,45390,45392],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45391,9355],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45394,45395,45396,3041,45400,44],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[36,45397,45398],{"href":3037},[15,45399,3040],{},[36,45401,45402],{"href":3044},[15,45403,3047],{},[20,45405,230],{},[46,45407,45409],{"className":48,"code":45408,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45410,45411,45434,45444],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45412,45413,45415,45417,45420,45422,45424,45426,45428,45430,45432],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45414,21775],{"class":61},[55,45416,66],{"class":65},[55,45418,45419],{"class":1898}," int",[55,45421,103],{"class":69},[55,45423,42605],{"class":120},[55,45425,103],{"class":69},[55,45427,248],{"class":247},[55,45429,45323],{"class":251},[55,45431,248],{"class":247},[55,45433,1867],{"class":69},[55,45435,45436,45438,45440,45442],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,45437,121],{"class":120},[55,45439,103],{"class":69},[55,45441,9461],{"class":99},[55,45443,114],{"class":69},[55,45445,45446,45448,45450,45452,45454,45456],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,45447,121],{"class":120},[55,45449,103],{"class":69},[55,45451,1910],{"class":1898},[55,45453,103],{"class":69},[55,45455,9461],{"class":99},[55,45457,1867],{"class":69},[20,45459,30174],{},[46,45461,45463],{"className":48,"code":45462,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45464,45465,45473,45477],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45466,45467,45469,45471],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45468,45363],{"class":61},[55,45470,153],{"class":69},[55,45472,45368],{"class":73},[55,45474,45475],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,45476,2870],{"class":73},[55,45478,45479,45481,45483,45485,45487,45489],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,45480,3454],{"class":65},[55,45482,3457],{"class":2226},[55,45484,324],{"class":247},[55,45486,2351],{"class":251},[55,45488,315],{"class":247},[55,45490,3466],{"class":65},[45059,45492],{},[142,45494,45496],{"id":45495},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[577,45498,45500],{"id":45499},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[46,45502,45504],{"className":48,"code":45503,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45505,45506,45525],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45507,45508,45510,45512,45514,45516,45518,45521,45523],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45509,8037],{"class":61},[55,45511,66],{"class":65},[55,45513,8403],{"class":120},[55,45515,103],{"class":69},[55,45517,248],{"class":247},[55,45519,45520],{"class":251},"What is your name? ",[55,45522,248],{"class":247},[55,45524,114],{"class":69},[55,45526,45527,45529,45531,45533,45536,45538,45540,45542],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,45528,121],{"class":120},[55,45530,103],{"class":69},[55,45532,248],{"class":247},[55,45534,45535],{"class":251},"Hello,",[55,45537,248],{"class":247},[55,45539,77],{"class":69},[55,45541,36132],{"class":99},[55,45543,114],{"class":69},[20,45545,45546,45547,45549],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45548,7829],{}," and prints it.",[577,45551,45553,45554],{"id":45552},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45555,3040],{},[46,45557,45559],{"className":48,"code":45558,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45560,45561,45584],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45562,45563,45565,45567,45569,45571,45573,45575,45577,45580,45582],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45564,21775],{"class":61},[55,45566,66],{"class":65},[55,45568,45419],{"class":1898},[55,45570,103],{"class":69},[55,45572,42605],{"class":120},[55,45574,103],{"class":69},[55,45576,248],{"class":247},[55,45578,45579],{"class":251},"How old are you? ",[55,45581,248],{"class":247},[55,45583,1867],{"class":69},[55,45585,45586,45588,45590,45592,45595,45597,45599,45602,45604,45606],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,45587,121],{"class":120},[55,45589,103],{"class":69},[55,45591,248],{"class":247},[55,45593,45594],{"class":251},"Next year you will be",[55,45596,248],{"class":247},[55,45598,77],{"class":69},[55,45600,45601],{"class":99}," age ",[55,45603,2220],{"class":65},[55,45605,630],{"class":73},[55,45607,114],{"class":69},[20,45609,6218,45610,45612,45613,45615],{},[15,45611,3040],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45614,3121],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45617,45618,45619,44],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[36,45620,9142],{"href":9141},[577,45622,45624],{"id":45623},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[46,45626,45628],{"className":48,"code":45627,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45629,45630,45654,45678,45692,45696],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45631,45632,45635,45637,45639,45641,45643,45645,45647,45650,45652],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45633,45634],{"class":61},"num1 ",[55,45636,66],{"class":65},[55,45638,45419],{"class":1898},[55,45640,103],{"class":69},[55,45642,42605],{"class":120},[55,45644,103],{"class":69},[55,45646,248],{"class":247},[55,45648,45649],{"class":251},"Enter the first number: ",[55,45651,248],{"class":247},[55,45653,1867],{"class":69},[55,45655,45656,45659,45661,45663,45665,45667,45669,45671,45674,45676],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,45657,45658],{"class":61},"num2 ",[55,45660,66],{"class":65},[55,45662,45419],{"class":1898},[55,45664,103],{"class":69},[55,45666,42605],{"class":120},[55,45668,103],{"class":69},[55,45670,248],{"class":247},[55,45672,45673],{"class":251},"Enter the second number: ",[55,45675,248],{"class":247},[55,45677,1867],{"class":69},[55,45679,45680,45682,45684,45687,45689],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,45681,41324],{"class":61},[55,45683,66],{"class":65},[55,45685,45686],{"class":61}," num1 ",[55,45688,2220],{"class":65},[55,45690,45691],{"class":61}," num2\n",[55,45693,45694],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,45695,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,45697,45698,45700,45702,45704,45707,45709,45711,45714],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,45699,121],{"class":120},[55,45701,103],{"class":69},[55,45703,248],{"class":247},[55,45705,45706],{"class":251},"Total:",[55,45708,248],{"class":247},[55,45710,77],{"class":69},[55,45712,45713],{"class":99}," total",[55,45715,114],{"class":69},[20,45717,30174],{},[46,45719,45721],{"className":48,"code":45720,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45722,45723,45733,45742],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45724,45725,45728,45730],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45726,45727],{"class":61},"Enter the first number",[55,45729,153],{"class":69},[55,45731,45732],{"class":73}," 2\n",[55,45734,45735,45738,45740],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,45736,45737],{"class":61},"Enter the second number",[55,45739,153],{"class":69},[55,45741,2738],{"class":73},[55,45743,45744,45747,45749],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,45745,45746],{"class":61},"Total",[55,45748,153],{"class":69},[55,45750,34984],{"class":73},[20,45752,45753],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45755,230],{},[46,45757,45759],{"className":48,"code":45758,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45760,45761,45779,45797,45801],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45762,45763,45765,45767,45769,45771,45773,45775,45777],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45764,45634],{"class":61},[55,45766,66],{"class":65},[55,45768,8403],{"class":120},[55,45770,103],{"class":69},[55,45772,248],{"class":247},[55,45774,45649],{"class":251},[55,45776,248],{"class":247},[55,45778,114],{"class":69},[55,45780,45781,45783,45785,45787,45789,45791,45793,45795],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,45782,45658],{"class":61},[55,45784,66],{"class":65},[55,45786,8403],{"class":120},[55,45788,103],{"class":69},[55,45790,248],{"class":247},[55,45792,45673],{"class":251},[55,45794,248],{"class":247},[55,45796,114],{"class":69},[55,45798,45799],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,45800,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,45802,45803,45805,45807,45809,45811,45814],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,45804,121],{"class":120},[55,45806,103],{"class":69},[55,45808,45634],{"class":99},[55,45810,2220],{"class":65},[55,45812,45813],{"class":99}," num2",[55,45815,114],{"class":69},[20,45817,30174],{},[46,45819,45821],{"className":48,"code":45820,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45822,45823,45831,45839],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45824,45825,45827,45829],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45826,45727],{"class":61},[55,45828,153],{"class":69},[55,45830,45732],{"class":73},[55,45832,45833,45835,45837],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,45834,45737],{"class":61},[55,45836,153],{"class":69},[55,45838,2738],{"class":73},[55,45840,45841],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,45842,45843],{"class":73},"23\n",[20,45845,45846,45847,45850,45851,44],{},"That happens because ",[15,45848,45849],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45852,45853],{},"\"23\"",[45059,45855],{},[142,45857,45859],{"id":45858},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45861,45862,45863,44],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45864,3121],{},[577,45866,4865,45868,41684],{"id":45867},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45869,3121],{},[20,45871,39339],{},[46,45873,45875],{"className":48,"code":45874,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45876,45877,45895],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45878,45879,45881,45883,45885,45887,45889,45891,45893],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45880,2608],{"class":61},[55,45882,66],{"class":65},[55,45884,8403],{"class":120},[55,45886,103],{"class":69},[55,45888,248],{"class":247},[55,45890,42013],{"class":251},[55,45892,248],{"class":247},[55,45894,114],{"class":69},[55,45896,45897,45899,45901,45903,45905,45907],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,45898,121],{"class":120},[55,45900,103],{"class":69},[55,45902,1910],{"class":1898},[55,45904,103],{"class":69},[55,45906,2633],{"class":99},[55,45908,1867],{"class":69},[20,45910,302],{},[46,45912,45914],{"className":48,"code":45913,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45915,45916],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45917,45918,45920,45922,45924,45926,45928],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45919,3454],{"class":65},[55,45921,3457],{"class":2226},[55,45923,324],{"class":247},[55,45925,3607],{"class":251},[55,45927,315],{"class":247},[55,45929,3466],{"class":65},[20,45931,45932],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[577,45934,45936],{"id":45935},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45938,45939],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[46,45941,45943],{"className":48,"code":45942,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45944,45945,45963,45982],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45946,45947,45949,45951,45953,45955,45957,45959,45961],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45948,2715],{"class":61},[55,45950,66],{"class":65},[55,45952,8403],{"class":120},[55,45954,103],{"class":69},[55,45956,248],{"class":247},[55,45958,42013],{"class":251},[55,45960,248],{"class":247},[55,45962,114],{"class":69},[55,45964,45965,45967,45969,45971,45973,45975,45978,45980],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,45966,2743],{"class":61},[55,45968,66],{"class":65},[55,45970,8403],{"class":120},[55,45972,103],{"class":69},[55,45974,248],{"class":247},[55,45976,45977],{"class":251},"Enter another number: ",[55,45979,248],{"class":247},[55,45981,114],{"class":69},[55,45983,45984,45986,45988,45990,45992,45994],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,45985,121],{"class":120},[55,45987,103],{"class":69},[55,45989,2715],{"class":99},[55,45991,2220],{"class":65},[55,45993,2720],{"class":99},[55,45995,114],{"class":69},[20,45997,41262,45998,352,46000,46002,46003,19110,46006,44],{},[15,45999,2665],{},[15,46001,2297],{},", the result is ",[15,46004,46005],{},"45",[15,46007,2305],{},[577,46009,46011,46012,46014,46015],{"id":46010},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46013,40845],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46016,3040],{},[20,46018,230],{},[46,46020,46022],{"className":48,"code":46021,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46023,46024],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46025,46026,46028,46030,46032,46034,46036,46038,46040,46042,46044],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46027,21775],{"class":61},[55,46029,66],{"class":65},[55,46031,45419],{"class":1898},[55,46033,103],{"class":69},[55,46035,42605],{"class":120},[55,46037,103],{"class":69},[55,46039,248],{"class":247},[55,46041,45323],{"class":251},[55,46043,248],{"class":247},[55,46045,1867],{"class":69},[20,46047,8432,46048,46051,46052,44],{},[15,46049,46050],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46053,40845],{},[20,46055,46056,46057,44],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[36,46058,46060],{"href":46059},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[577,46062,46064],{"id":46063},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46066,46067],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[46,46069,46071],{"className":48,"code":46070,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46072,46073,46091],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46074,46075,46077,46079,46081,46083,46085,46087,46089],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46076,8037],{"class":61},[55,46078,66],{"class":65},[55,46080,8403],{"class":120},[55,46082,103],{"class":69},[55,46084,248],{"class":247},[55,46086,45029],{"class":251},[55,46088,248],{"class":247},[55,46090,114],{"class":69},[55,46092,46093,46095,46097,46099,46101,46103],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,46094,121],{"class":120},[55,46096,103],{"class":69},[55,46098,41921],{"class":120},[55,46100,103],{"class":69},[55,46102,7829],{"class":99},[55,46104,1867],{"class":69},[20,46106,46107],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46109,46110,46111,153],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46112,46113],{},".strip()",[46,46115,46117],{"className":48,"code":46116,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46118,46119,46141],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46120,46121,46123,46125,46127,46129,46131,46133,46135,46137,46139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46122,8037],{"class":61},[55,46124,66],{"class":65},[55,46126,8403],{"class":120},[55,46128,103],{"class":69},[55,46130,248],{"class":247},[55,46132,45029],{"class":251},[55,46134,248],{"class":247},[55,46136,8792],{"class":69},[55,46138,8795],{"class":99},[55,46140,8804],{"class":69},[55,46142,46143,46145,46147,46149],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,46144,121],{"class":120},[55,46146,103],{"class":69},[55,46148,7829],{"class":99},[55,46150,114],{"class":69},[45059,46152],{},[142,46154,46156],{"id":46155},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46158,46159,46160,46162],{},"These habits make ",[15,46161,3121],{}," easier and safer to use.",[155,46164,46165,46168,46173,46176],{},[158,46166,46167],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[158,46169,31,46170,46172],{},[15,46171,46113],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[158,46174,46175],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[158,46177,31,46178,46180],{},[15,46179,29926],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46182,46183,46184,153],{},"Example with ",[15,46185,46113],{},[46,46187,46189],{"className":48,"code":46188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46190,46191,46215],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46192,46193,46196,46198,46200,46202,46204,46207,46209,46211,46213],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46194,46195],{"class":61},"city ",[55,46197,66],{"class":65},[55,46199,8403],{"class":120},[55,46201,103],{"class":69},[55,46203,248],{"class":247},[55,46205,46206],{"class":251},"Enter your city: ",[55,46208,248],{"class":247},[55,46210,8792],{"class":69},[55,46212,8795],{"class":99},[55,46214,8804],{"class":69},[55,46216,46217,46219,46221,46223,46226,46228,46230,46232],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,46218,121],{"class":120},[55,46220,103],{"class":69},[55,46222,248],{"class":247},[55,46224,46225],{"class":251},"City:",[55,46227,248],{"class":247},[55,46229,77],{"class":69},[55,46231,31529],{"class":99},[55,46233,114],{"class":69},[20,46235,46183,46236,153],{},[15,46237,29926],{},[46,46239,46241],{"className":48,"code":46240,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46242,46243,46249,46272,46304,46312],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46244,46245,46247],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46246,29948],{"class":4040},[55,46248,6552],{"class":69},[55,46250,46251,46254,46256,46258,46260,46262,46264,46266,46268,46270],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,46252,46253],{"class":61},"    age ",[55,46255,66],{"class":65},[55,46257,45419],{"class":1898},[55,46259,103],{"class":69},[55,46261,42605],{"class":120},[55,46263,103],{"class":69},[55,46265,248],{"class":247},[55,46267,45323],{"class":251},[55,46269,248],{"class":247},[55,46271,1867],{"class":69},[55,46273,46274,46276,46278,46280,46283,46285,46287,46289,46291,46293,46295,46297,46300,46302],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,46275,8230],{"class":120},[55,46277,103],{"class":69},[55,46279,248],{"class":247},[55,46281,46282],{"class":251},"You will be",[55,46284,248],{"class":247},[55,46286,77],{"class":69},[55,46288,45601],{"class":99},[55,46290,2220],{"class":65},[55,46292,630],{"class":73},[55,46294,77],{"class":69},[55,46296,258],{"class":247},[55,46298,46299],{"class":251},"next year",[55,46301,248],{"class":247},[55,46303,114],{"class":69},[55,46305,46306,46308,46310],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,46307,29979],{"class":4040},[55,46309,42068],{"class":1898},[55,46311,6552],{"class":69},[55,46313,46314,46316,46318,46320,46323,46325],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,46315,8230],{"class":120},[55,46317,103],{"class":69},[55,46319,248],{"class":247},[55,46321,46322],{"class":251},"Please enter a whole number.",[55,46324,248],{"class":247},[55,46326,114],{"class":69},[20,46328,46329],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46331,46332,46333,44],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[36,46334,46336],{"href":46335},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45059,46338],{},[142,46340,2992],{"id":2991},[20,46342,46343,46344,153],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46345,3121],{},[155,46347,46348,46355,46358,46361],{},[158,46349,46350,46351,3041,46353],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46352,3040],{},[15,46354,3047],{},[158,46356,46357],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[158,46359,46360],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[158,46362,46363],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46365,32227],{},[46,46367,46369],{"className":48,"code":46368,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46370,46371,46381,46395],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46372,46373,46375,46377,46379],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46374,121],{"class":120},[55,46376,103],{"class":69},[55,46378,2633],{"class":99},[55,46380,114],{"class":69},[55,46382,46383,46385,46387,46389,46391,46393],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,46384,121],{"class":120},[55,46386,103],{"class":69},[55,46388,1910],{"class":1898},[55,46390,103],{"class":69},[55,46392,2633],{"class":99},[55,46394,1867],{"class":69},[55,46396,46397,46399,46401,46403,46405,46407],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,46398,121],{"class":120},[55,46400,103],{"class":69},[55,46402,41921],{"class":120},[55,46404,103],{"class":69},[55,46406,2633],{"class":99},[55,46408,1867],{"class":69},[20,46410,46411,46412,46414],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46413,3121],{}," actually returned:",[155,46416,46417,46422,46427],{},[158,46418,46419,46421],{},[15,46420,41969],{}," shows the value",[158,46423,46424,46426],{},[15,46425,41975],{}," shows the data type",[158,46428,46429,46431],{},[15,46430,41980],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46433,230],{},[46,46435,46437],{"className":48,"code":46436,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46438,46439,46458,46468,46482],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46440,46441,46443,46445,46447,46449,46451,46454,46456],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46442,2608],{"class":61},[55,46444,66],{"class":65},[55,46446,8403],{"class":120},[55,46448,103],{"class":69},[55,46450,248],{"class":247},[55,46452,46453],{"class":251},"Enter something: ",[55,46455,248],{"class":247},[55,46457,114],{"class":69},[55,46459,46460,46462,46464,46466],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,46461,121],{"class":120},[55,46463,103],{"class":69},[55,46465,2633],{"class":99},[55,46467,114],{"class":69},[55,46469,46470,46472,46474,46476,46478,46480],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,46471,121],{"class":120},[55,46473,103],{"class":69},[55,46475,1910],{"class":1898},[55,46477,103],{"class":69},[55,46479,2633],{"class":99},[55,46481,1867],{"class":69},[55,46483,46484,46486,46488,46490,46492,46494],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,46485,121],{"class":120},[55,46487,103],{"class":69},[55,46489,41921],{"class":120},[55,46491,103],{"class":69},[55,46493,2633],{"class":99},[55,46495,1867],{"class":69},[45059,46497],{},[142,46499,1986],{"id":1985},[577,46501,1990,46503,46505],{"id":46502},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46504,3121],{}," return an integer?",[20,46507,46508,46509,46511,46512,40070],{},"No. ",[15,46510,3121],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46513,3040],{},[577,46515,46517,46518,2027],{"id":46516},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46519,3121],{},[20,46521,46522,46523,46525],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46524,3121],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[577,46527,5319,46529,46532,46533,2027],{"id":46528},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46530,46531],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46534,3121],{},[20,46536,29206,46537,46539,46540,42297,46542,46544],{},[15,46538,3121],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46541,45849],{},[15,46543,45853],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[577,46546,46548],{"id":46547},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46550,31,46551,46553,46554,44],{},[15,46552,46113],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46555,46556],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45059,46558],{},[142,46560,2039],{"id":2038},[155,46562,46563,46568,46572,46578,46584,46588],{},[158,46564,46565],{},[36,46566,46567],{"href":46335},"How to get user input in Python",[158,46569,46570],{},[36,46571,9219],{"href":9141},[158,46573,46574],{},[36,46575,3740,46576,3673],{"href":3037},[15,46577,3040],{},[158,46579,46580],{},[36,46581,3740,46582,3673],{"href":3044},[15,46583,3047],{},[158,46585,46586],{},[36,46587,46060],{"href":46059},[158,46589,46590],{},[36,46591,3740,46593,3673],{"href":46592},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46594,46595],{},"print()",[2080,46597,46598],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":46600},[46601,46602,46604,46605,46607,46613,46621,46622,46623,46632],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":45063,"depth":91,"text":46603},"What input() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":45292,"depth":91,"text":46606},"What input() returns",{"id":45495,"depth":91,"text":45496,"children":46608},[46609,46610,46612],{"id":45499,"depth":117,"text":45500},{"id":45552,"depth":117,"text":46611},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45623,"depth":117,"text":45624},{"id":45858,"depth":91,"text":45859,"children":46614},[46615,46617,46618,46620],{"id":45867,"depth":117,"text":46616},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45935,"depth":117,"text":45936},{"id":46010,"depth":117,"text":46619},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46063,"depth":117,"text":46064},{"id":46155,"depth":91,"text":46156},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":46624},[46625,46627,46629,46631],{"id":46502,"depth":117,"text":46626},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46516,"depth":117,"text":46628},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46528,"depth":117,"text":46630},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46547,"depth":117,"text":46548},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42336,"description":46633},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46640,"title":42238,"body":46641,"description":48954,"extension":2124,"meta":48955,"navigation":428,"path":48956,"seo":48957,"stem":48958,"__hash__":48959},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46642,"toc":48906},[46643,46648,46653,46658,46679,46682,46684,46744,46746,46765,46770,46775,46780,46782,46795,46797,46880,46882,46923,46929,46931,46961,46967,46970,46987,46989,47041,47043,47061,47067,47073,47076,47094,47096,47169,47171,47190,47197,47203,47208,47211,47271,47273,47292,47295,47298,47313,47319,47323,47384,47386,47407,47411,47540,47542,47672,47682,47688,47694,47702,47768,47770,47795,47798,47815,47828,47834,47837,47870,47872,47885,47888,47931,47933,47941,47948,47952,47959,47963,47990,47992,48000,48006,48023,48028,48032,48059,48061,48069,48073,48078,48081,48107,48110,48119,48127,48131,48141,48145,48148,48150,48201,48203,48233,48243,48270,48272,48280,48290,48294,48297,48299,48347,48349,48393,48399,48450,48452,48471,48476,48481,48484,48503,48506,48558,48560,48569,48571,48575,48579,48582,48591,48598,48600,48627,48631,48633,48642,48645,48652,48658,48718,48722,48724,48732,48735,48761,48767,48770,48790,48792,48801,48809,48811,48817,48822,48829,48839,48845,48853,48857,48860,48862,48903],[10,46644,3740,46646,3744],{"id":46645},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46647,3040],{},[20,46649,32461,46650,46652],{},[15,46651,3040],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46654,35547,46655,46657],{},[15,46656,3040],{}," when they want to:",[155,46659,46660,46670,46673,46676],{},[158,46661,46662,46663,46666,46667],{},"turn text like ",[15,46664,46665],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46668,46669],{},"42",[158,46671,46672],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[158,46674,46675],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[158,46677,46678],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46680,46681],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[142,46683,2165],{"id":2164},[46,46685,46687],{"className":48,"code":46686,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46688,46689,46707,46721],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46690,46691,46693,46695,46697,46699,46701,46703,46705],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46692,121],{"class":120},[55,46694,103],{"class":69},[55,46696,2351],{"class":1898},[55,46698,103],{"class":69},[55,46700,248],{"class":247},[55,46702,46669],{"class":251},[55,46704,248],{"class":247},[55,46706,1867],{"class":69},[55,46708,46709,46711,46713,46715,46717,46719],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,46710,121],{"class":120},[55,46712,103],{"class":69},[55,46714,2351],{"class":1898},[55,46716,103],{"class":69},[55,46718,42126],{"class":73},[55,46720,1867],{"class":69},[55,46722,46723,46725,46727,46729,46731,46733,46736,46738,46740,46742],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,46724,121],{"class":120},[55,46726,103],{"class":69},[55,46728,2351],{"class":1898},[55,46730,103],{"class":69},[55,46732,248],{"class":247},[55,46734,46735],{"class":251},"101",[55,46737,248],{"class":247},[55,46739,77],{"class":69},[55,46741,80],{"class":73},[55,46743,1867],{"class":69},[20,46745,302],{},[46,46747,46749],{"className":48,"code":46748,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46750,46751,46756,46761],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46752,46753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46754,46755],{"class":73},"42\n",[55,46757,46758],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,46759,46760],{"class":73},"3\n",[55,46762,46763],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,46764,3110],{"class":73},[20,46766,31,46767,46769],{},[15,46768,3040],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[142,46771,145,46773,148],{"id":46772},"what-int-does",[15,46774,3040],{},[20,46776,46777,46779],{},[15,46778,3040],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46781,13208],{},[155,46783,46784,46789,46792],{},[158,46785,46786,46787,7500],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46788,2351],{},[158,46790,46791],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[158,46793,46794],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46796,230],{},[46,46798,46800],{"className":48,"code":46799,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46801,46802,46814,46828,46832,46842,46852,46866],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46803,46804,46806,46808,46810,46812],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46805,34829],{"class":61},[55,46807,66],{"class":65},[55,46809,258],{"class":247},[55,46811,9355],{"class":251},[55,46813,3522],{"class":247},[55,46815,46816,46818,46820,46822,46824,46826],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,46817,2380],{"class":61},[55,46819,66],{"class":65},[55,46821,45419],{"class":1898},[55,46823,103],{"class":69},[55,46825,34850],{"class":99},[55,46827,114],{"class":69},[55,46829,46830],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,46831,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,46833,46834,46836,46838,46840],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,46835,121],{"class":120},[55,46837,103],{"class":69},[55,46839,34850],{"class":99},[55,46841,114],{"class":69},[55,46843,46844,46846,46848,46850],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,46845,121],{"class":120},[55,46847,103],{"class":69},[55,46849,2402],{"class":99},[55,46851,114],{"class":69},[55,46853,46854,46856,46858,46860,46862,46864],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,46855,121],{"class":120},[55,46857,103],{"class":69},[55,46859,1910],{"class":1898},[55,46861,103],{"class":69},[55,46863,34850],{"class":99},[55,46865,1867],{"class":69},[55,46867,46868,46870,46872,46874,46876,46878],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,46869,121],{"class":120},[55,46871,103],{"class":69},[55,46873,1910],{"class":1898},[55,46875,103],{"class":69},[55,46877,2402],{"class":99},[55,46879,1867],{"class":69},[20,46881,302],{},[46,46883,46885],{"className":48,"code":46884,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46886,46887,46891,46895,46909],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46888,46889],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46890,2870],{"class":73},[55,46892,46893],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,46894,2870],{"class":73},[55,46896,46897,46899,46901,46903,46905,46907],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,46898,3454],{"class":65},[55,46900,3457],{"class":2226},[55,46902,324],{"class":247},[55,46904,3607],{"class":251},[55,46906,315],{"class":247},[55,46908,3466],{"class":65},[55,46910,46911,46913,46915,46917,46919,46921],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,46912,3454],{"class":65},[55,46914,3457],{"class":2226},[55,46916,324],{"class":247},[55,46918,2351],{"class":251},[55,46920,315],{"class":247},[55,46922,3466],{"class":65},[20,46924,46925,46926,46928],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46927,3040],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[142,46930,2319],{"id":2318},[46,46932,46934],{"className":48,"code":46933,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46935,46936,46946],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46937,46938,46940,46942,46944],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46939,2351],{"class":1898},[55,46941,103],{"class":69},[55,46943,2336],{"class":99},[55,46945,114],{"class":69},[55,46947,46948,46950,46952,46954,46956,46959],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,46949,2351],{"class":1898},[55,46951,103],{"class":69},[55,46953,2336],{"class":99},[55,46955,77],{"class":69},[55,46957,46958],{"class":99}," base",[55,46960,114],{"class":69},[577,46962,46964],{"id":46963},"intx",[15,46965,46966],{},"int(x)",[20,46968,46969],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[155,46971,46972,46977,46982],{},[158,46973,46974,46975],{},"a string such as ",[15,46976,42268],{},[158,46978,46979,46980],{},"a float such as ",[15,46981,42126],{},[158,46983,46984,46985],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46986,3769],{},[20,46988,230],{},[46,46990,46992],{"className":48,"code":46991,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46993,46994,47012,47027],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46995,46996,46998,47000,47002,47004,47006,47008,47010],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46997,121],{"class":120},[55,46999,103],{"class":69},[55,47001,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47003,103],{"class":69},[55,47005,248],{"class":247},[55,47007,800],{"class":251},[55,47009,248],{"class":247},[55,47011,1867],{"class":69},[55,47013,47014,47016,47018,47020,47022,47025],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,47015,121],{"class":120},[55,47017,103],{"class":69},[55,47019,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47021,103],{"class":69},[55,47023,47024],{"class":73},"8.7",[55,47026,1867],{"class":69},[55,47028,47029,47031,47033,47035,47037,47039],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,47030,121],{"class":120},[55,47032,103],{"class":69},[55,47034,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47036,103],{"class":69},[55,47038,3769],{"class":1312},[55,47040,1867],{"class":69},[20,47042,302],{},[46,47044,47046],{"className":48,"code":47045,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47047,47048,47052,47056],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47049,47050],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47051,2537],{"class":73},[55,47053,47054],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,47055,2542],{"class":73},[55,47057,47058],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,47059,47060],{"class":73},"1\n",[577,47062,47064],{"id":47063},"intx-base",[15,47065,47066],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47068,47069,47070,47072],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47071,2336],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47074,47075],{},"Common bases:",[155,47077,47078,47083,47088],{},[158,47079,47080,47082],{},[15,47081,106],{}," for binary",[158,47084,47085,47087],{},[15,47086,2506],{}," for octal",[158,47089,47090,47093],{},[15,47091,47092],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47095,230],{},[46,47097,47099],{"className":48,"code":47098,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47100,47101,47123,47146],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47102,47103,47105,47107,47109,47111,47113,47115,47117,47119,47121],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47104,121],{"class":120},[55,47106,103],{"class":69},[55,47108,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47110,103],{"class":69},[55,47112,248],{"class":247},[55,47114,46735],{"class":251},[55,47116,248],{"class":247},[55,47118,77],{"class":69},[55,47120,80],{"class":73},[55,47122,1867],{"class":69},[55,47124,47125,47127,47129,47131,47133,47135,47138,47140,47142,47144],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,47126,121],{"class":120},[55,47128,103],{"class":69},[55,47130,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47132,103],{"class":69},[55,47134,248],{"class":247},[55,47136,47137],{"class":251},"17",[55,47139,248],{"class":247},[55,47141,77],{"class":69},[55,47143,6518],{"class":73},[55,47145,1867],{"class":69},[55,47147,47148,47150,47152,47154,47156,47158,47161,47163,47165,47167],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,47149,121],{"class":120},[55,47151,103],{"class":69},[55,47153,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47155,103],{"class":69},[55,47157,248],{"class":247},[55,47159,47160],{"class":251},"1A",[55,47162,248],{"class":247},[55,47164,77],{"class":69},[55,47166,14138],{"class":73},[55,47168,1867],{"class":69},[20,47170,302],{},[46,47172,47174],{"className":48,"code":47173,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47175,47176,47180,47185],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47177,47178],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47179,3110],{"class":73},[55,47181,47182],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,47183,47184],{"class":73},"15\n",[55,47186,47187],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,47188,47189],{"class":73},"26\n",[20,47191,47192,47193,44],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[36,47194,47195,2465],{"href":3044},[15,47196,3047],{},[142,47198,8578,47200,47202],{"id":47199},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47201,3040],{}," with strings",[20,47204,47205,47207],{},[15,47206,3040],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47209,47210],{},"Examples that work:",[46,47212,47214],{"className":48,"code":47213,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47215,47216,47234,47252],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47217,47218,47220,47222,47224,47226,47228,47230,47232],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47219,121],{"class":120},[55,47221,103],{"class":69},[55,47223,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47225,103],{"class":69},[55,47227,248],{"class":247},[55,47229,2297],{"class":251},[55,47231,248],{"class":247},[55,47233,1867],{"class":69},[55,47235,47236,47238,47240,47242,47244,47246,47248,47250],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,47237,121],{"class":120},[55,47239,103],{"class":69},[55,47241,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47243,103],{"class":69},[55,47245,248],{"class":247},[55,47247,2454],{"class":251},[55,47249,248],{"class":247},[55,47251,1867],{"class":69},[55,47253,47254,47256,47258,47260,47262,47264,47267,47269],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,47255,121],{"class":120},[55,47257,103],{"class":69},[55,47259,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47261,103],{"class":69},[55,47263,248],{"class":247},[55,47265,47266],{"class":251},"  42  ",[55,47268,248],{"class":247},[55,47270,1867],{"class":69},[20,47272,302],{},[46,47274,47276],{"className":48,"code":47275,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47277,47278,47282,47288],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47279,47280],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47281,3110],{"class":73},[55,47283,47284,47286],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,47285,903],{"class":65},[55,47287,2388],{"class":73},[55,47289,47290],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,47291,46755],{"class":73},[20,47293,47294],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47296,47297],{},"Examples that fail:",[46,47299,47301],{"className":48,"code":47300,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47302,47303,47308],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47304,47305],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47306,47307],{"class":133},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[55,47309,47310],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,47311,47312],{"class":133},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47314,47315,47316,47318],{},"These raise ",[15,47317,40845],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[577,47320,47322],{"id":47321},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[46,47324,47326],{"className":48,"code":47325,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47327,47328,47346,47365],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47329,47330,47332,47334,47336,47338,47340,47342,47344],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47331,121],{"class":120},[55,47333,103],{"class":69},[55,47335,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47337,103],{"class":69},[55,47339,248],{"class":247},[55,47341,227],{"class":251},[55,47343,248],{"class":247},[55,47345,1867],{"class":69},[55,47347,47348,47350,47352,47354,47356,47358,47361,47363],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,47349,121],{"class":120},[55,47351,103],{"class":69},[55,47353,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47355,103],{"class":69},[55,47357,248],{"class":247},[55,47359,47360],{"class":251},"+7",[55,47362,248],{"class":247},[55,47364,1867],{"class":69},[55,47366,47367,47369,47371,47373,47375,47377,47380,47382],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,47368,121],{"class":120},[55,47370,103],{"class":69},[55,47372,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47374,103],{"class":69},[55,47376,248],{"class":247},[55,47378,47379],{"class":251},"-100",[55,47381,248],{"class":247},[55,47383,1867],{"class":69},[20,47385,302],{},[46,47387,47389],{"className":48,"code":47388,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47390,47391,47396,47400],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47392,47393],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47394,47395],{"class":73},"0\n",[55,47397,47398],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,47399,2241],{"class":73},[55,47401,47402,47404],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,47403,903],{"class":65},[55,47405,47406],{"class":73},"100\n",[577,47408,47410],{"id":47409},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[46,47412,47414],{"className":48,"code":47413,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47415,47416,47454,47458,47470,47477,47492,47507],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47417,47418,47420,47422,47424,47426,47428,47430,47432,47434,47437,47439,47441,47443,47445,47447,47450,47452],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47419,3986],{"class":61},[55,47421,66],{"class":65},[55,47423,70],{"class":69},[55,47425,248],{"class":247},[55,47427,40284],{"class":251},[55,47429,248],{"class":247},[55,47431,77],{"class":69},[55,47433,258],{"class":247},[55,47435,47436],{"class":251},"12abc",[55,47438,248],{"class":247},[55,47440,77],{"class":69},[55,47442,6284],{"class":247},[55,47444,77],{"class":69},[55,47446,258],{"class":247},[55,47448,47449],{"class":251},"seven",[55,47451,248],{"class":247},[55,47453,88],{"class":69},[55,47455,47456],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,47457,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,47459,47460,47462,47464,47466,47468],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,47461,6115],{"class":4040},[55,47463,21731],{"class":61},[55,47465,4047],{"class":4040},[55,47467,4050],{"class":61},[55,47469,6552],{"class":69},[55,47471,47472,47475],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,47473,47474],{"class":4040},"    try",[55,47476,6552],{"class":69},[55,47478,47479,47482,47484,47486,47488,47490],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,47480,47481],{"class":120},"        print",[55,47483,103],{"class":69},[55,47485,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47487,103],{"class":69},[55,47489,2633],{"class":99},[55,47491,1867],{"class":69},[55,47493,47494,47497,47499,47502,47505],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,47495,47496],{"class":4040},"    except",[55,47498,42068],{"class":1898},[55,47500,47501],{"class":4040}," as",[55,47503,47504],{"class":61}," error",[55,47506,6552],{"class":69},[55,47508,47509,47511,47513,47515,47517,47519,47521,47524,47526,47529,47531,47534,47536,47538],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,47510,47481],{"class":120},[55,47512,103],{"class":69},[55,47514,22441],{"class":2226},[55,47516,248],{"class":251},[55,47518,9440],{"class":73},[55,47520,2633],{"class":99},[55,47522,47523],{"class":2226},"!r",[55,47525,22450],{"class":73},[55,47527,47528],{"class":251}," -> ",[55,47530,9440],{"class":73},[55,47532,47533],{"class":99},"error",[55,47535,22450],{"class":73},[55,47537,248],{"class":251},[55,47539,114],{"class":69},[20,47541,302],{},[46,47543,47545],{"className":48,"code":47544,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47546,47547,47583,47615,47640],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47548,47549,47551,47553,47555,47558,47561,47563,47565,47567,47570,47573,47575,47577,47579,47581],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47550,315],{"class":43470},[55,47552,40284],{"class":43474},[55,47554,315],{"class":43470},[55,47556,47557],{"class":37506}," ->",[55,47559,47560],{"class":61}," invalid literal ",[55,47562,6115],{"class":4040},[55,47564,45419],{"class":1898},[55,47566,7526],{"class":69},[55,47568,47569],{"class":4040}," with",[55,47571,47572],{"class":61}," base ",[55,47574,800],{"class":73},[55,47576,153],{"class":69},[55,47578,324],{"class":247},[55,47580,40284],{"class":251},[55,47582,29844],{"class":247},[55,47584,47585,47587,47589,47591,47593,47595,47597,47599,47601,47603,47605,47607,47609,47611,47613],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,47586,315],{"class":247},[55,47588,47436],{"class":251},[55,47590,315],{"class":247},[55,47592,47557],{"class":37506},[55,47594,47560],{"class":61},[55,47596,6115],{"class":4040},[55,47598,45419],{"class":1898},[55,47600,7526],{"class":69},[55,47602,47569],{"class":4040},[55,47604,47572],{"class":61},[55,47606,800],{"class":73},[55,47608,153],{"class":69},[55,47610,324],{"class":247},[55,47612,47436],{"class":251},[55,47614,29844],{"class":247},[55,47616,47617,47619,47621,47623,47625,47627,47629,47631,47633,47635,47637],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,47618,3937],{"class":247},[55,47620,47557],{"class":37506},[55,47622,47560],{"class":61},[55,47624,6115],{"class":4040},[55,47626,45419],{"class":1898},[55,47628,7526],{"class":69},[55,47630,47569],{"class":4040},[55,47632,47572],{"class":61},[55,47634,800],{"class":73},[55,47636,153],{"class":69},[55,47638,47639],{"class":247}," ''\n",[55,47641,47642,47644,47646,47648,47650,47652,47654,47656,47658,47660,47662,47664,47666,47668,47670],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,47643,315],{"class":247},[55,47645,47449],{"class":251},[55,47647,315],{"class":247},[55,47649,47557],{"class":37506},[55,47651,47560],{"class":61},[55,47653,6115],{"class":4040},[55,47655,45419],{"class":1898},[55,47657,7526],{"class":69},[55,47659,47569],{"class":4040},[55,47661,47572],{"class":61},[55,47663,800],{"class":73},[55,47665,153],{"class":69},[55,47667,324],{"class":247},[55,47669,47449],{"class":251},[55,47671,29844],{"class":247},[20,47673,47674,47675,47677,47678,44],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[36,47676,9142],{"href":9141}," and the ",[36,47679,47680,2465],{"href":8380},[15,47681,3121],{},[142,47683,8578,47685,47687],{"id":47684},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47686,3040],{}," with floats",[20,47689,47690,47691,47693],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47692,3040],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47695,47696,47697,14204,47699,47701],{},"Important: ",[15,47698,3040],{},[1966,47700,1968],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[46,47703,47705],{"className":48,"code":47704,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47706,47707,47721,47736,47752],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47708,47709,47711,47713,47715,47717,47719],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47710,121],{"class":120},[55,47712,103],{"class":69},[55,47714,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47716,103],{"class":69},[55,47718,42126],{"class":73},[55,47720,1867],{"class":69},[55,47722,47723,47725,47727,47729,47731,47734],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,47724,121],{"class":120},[55,47726,103],{"class":69},[55,47728,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47730,103],{"class":69},[55,47732,47733],{"class":73},"3.1",[55,47735,1867],{"class":69},[55,47737,47738,47740,47742,47744,47746,47748,47750],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,47739,121],{"class":120},[55,47741,103],{"class":69},[55,47743,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47745,103],{"class":69},[55,47747,903],{"class":65},[55,47749,42126],{"class":73},[55,47751,1867],{"class":69},[55,47753,47754,47756,47758,47760,47762,47764,47766],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,47755,121],{"class":120},[55,47757,103],{"class":69},[55,47759,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47761,103],{"class":69},[55,47763,903],{"class":65},[55,47765,47733],{"class":73},[55,47767,1867],{"class":69},[20,47769,302],{},[46,47771,47773],{"className":48,"code":47772,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47774,47775,47779,47783,47789],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47776,47777],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47778,46760],{"class":73},[55,47780,47781],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,47782,46760],{"class":73},[55,47784,47785,47787],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,47786,903],{"class":65},[55,47788,46760],{"class":73},[55,47790,47791,47793],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,47792,903],{"class":65},[55,47794,46760],{"class":73},[20,47796,47797],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[155,47799,47800,47807],{},[158,47801,47802,42297,47805],{},[15,47803,47804],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47806,2223],{},[158,47808,47809,42297,47812],{},[15,47810,47811],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47813,47814],{},"-3",[20,47816,47817,47818,47822,47823,44],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[36,47819,47820],{"href":3044},[15,47821,3047],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[36,47824,47825],{"href":42317},[15,47826,47827],{},"str()",[142,47829,8578,47831,47833],{"id":47830},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47832,3040],{}," with booleans",[20,47835,47836],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[46,47838,47840],{"className":48,"code":47839,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47841,47842,47856],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47843,47844,47846,47848,47850,47852,47854],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47845,121],{"class":120},[55,47847,103],{"class":69},[55,47849,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47851,103],{"class":69},[55,47853,3769],{"class":1312},[55,47855,1867],{"class":69},[55,47857,47858,47860,47862,47864,47866,47868],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,47859,121],{"class":120},[55,47861,103],{"class":69},[55,47863,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47865,103],{"class":69},[55,47867,3838],{"class":1312},[55,47869,1867],{"class":69},[20,47871,302],{},[46,47873,47875],{"className":48,"code":47874,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1\n0\n",[15,47876,47877,47881],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47878,47879],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47880,47060],{"class":73},[55,47882,47883],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,47884,47395],{"class":73},[20,47886,47887],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[46,47889,47891],{"className":48,"code":47890,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47892,47893,47902,47917,47921],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47894,47895,47898,47900],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47896,47897],{"class":61},"passed ",[55,47899,66],{"class":65},[55,47901,6581],{"class":1312},[55,47903,47904,47906,47908,47910,47912,47915],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,47905,41324],{"class":61},[55,47907,66],{"class":65},[55,47909,45419],{"class":1898},[55,47911,103],{"class":69},[55,47913,47914],{"class":99},"passed",[55,47916,114],{"class":69},[55,47918,47919],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,47920,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,47922,47923,47925,47927,47929],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,47924,121],{"class":120},[55,47926,103],{"class":69},[55,47928,41353],{"class":99},[55,47930,114],{"class":69},[20,47932,302],{},[46,47934,47935],{"className":48,"code":47060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,47936,47937],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47938,47939],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47940,47060],{"class":73},[20,47942,47943,47944,44],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[36,47945,47946,2465],{"href":5939},[15,47947,3976],{},[142,47949,47951],{"id":47950},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47953,47954,47955,47958],{},"Use the ",[15,47956,47957],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[577,47960,47962],{"id":47961},"binary-example","Binary example",[46,47964,47966],{"className":48,"code":47965,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47967,47968],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47969,47970,47972,47974,47976,47978,47980,47982,47984,47986,47988],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47971,121],{"class":120},[55,47973,103],{"class":69},[55,47975,2351],{"class":1898},[55,47977,103],{"class":69},[55,47979,248],{"class":247},[55,47981,46735],{"class":251},[55,47983,248],{"class":247},[55,47985,77],{"class":69},[55,47987,80],{"class":73},[55,47989,1867],{"class":69},[20,47991,302],{},[46,47993,47994],{"className":48,"code":3110,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,47995,47996],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47997,47998],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47999,3110],{"class":73},[20,48001,48002,48005],{},[15,48003,48004],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[155,48007,48008,48013,48018],{},[158,48009,48010],{},[15,48011,48012],{},"1 × 4",[158,48014,48015],{},[15,48016,48017],{},"0 × 2",[158,48019,48020],{},[15,48021,48022],{},"1 × 1",[20,48024,48025,48026,44],{},"So the result is ",[15,48027,2297],{},[577,48029,48031],{"id":48030},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[46,48033,48035],{"className":48,"code":48034,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48036,48037],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48038,48039,48041,48043,48045,48047,48049,48051,48053,48055,48057],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48040,121],{"class":120},[55,48042,103],{"class":69},[55,48044,2351],{"class":1898},[55,48046,103],{"class":69},[55,48048,248],{"class":247},[55,48050,47160],{"class":251},[55,48052,248],{"class":247},[55,48054,77],{"class":69},[55,48056,14138],{"class":73},[55,48058,1867],{"class":69},[20,48060,302],{},[46,48062,48063],{"className":48,"code":47189,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,48064,48065],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48066,48067],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48068,47189],{"class":73},[577,48070,48072],{"id":48071},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48074,568,48075,48077],{},[15,48076,47957],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48079,48080],{},"Good:",[46,48082,48083],{"className":48,"code":47965,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,48084,48085],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48086,48087,48089,48091,48093,48095,48097,48099,48101,48103,48105],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48088,121],{"class":120},[55,48090,103],{"class":69},[55,48092,2351],{"class":1898},[55,48094,103],{"class":69},[55,48096,248],{"class":247},[55,48098,46735],{"class":251},[55,48100,248],{"class":247},[55,48102,77],{"class":69},[55,48104,80],{"class":73},[55,48106,1867],{"class":69},[20,48108,48109],{},"Not correct:",[46,48111,48113],{"className":48,"code":48112,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48114,48115],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48116,48117],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48118,48112],{"class":133},[20,48120,48121,48122,8762,48124,48126],{},"That causes a ",[15,48123,3168],{},[15,48125,47957],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[142,48128,48130],{"id":48129},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48132,48133,48134,48136,48137,352,48139,44],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48135,3040],{}," are ",[15,48138,40845],{},[15,48140,3168],{},[577,48142,48143],{"id":41655},[15,48144,40845],{},[20,48146,48147],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48149,230],{},[46,48151,48153],{"className":48,"code":48152,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48154,48155,48161,48179,48191],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48156,48157,48159],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48158,29948],{"class":4040},[55,48160,6552],{"class":69},[55,48162,48163,48165,48167,48169,48171,48173,48175,48177],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,48164,8230],{"class":120},[55,48166,103],{"class":69},[55,48168,2351],{"class":1898},[55,48170,103],{"class":69},[55,48172,248],{"class":247},[55,48174,40284],{"class":251},[55,48176,248],{"class":247},[55,48178,1867],{"class":69},[55,48180,48181,48183,48185,48187,48189],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,48182,29979],{"class":4040},[55,48184,42068],{"class":1898},[55,48186,47501],{"class":4040},[55,48188,47504],{"class":61},[55,48190,6552],{"class":69},[55,48192,48193,48195,48197,48199],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,48194,8230],{"class":120},[55,48196,103],{"class":69},[55,48198,47533],{"class":99},[55,48200,114],{"class":69},[20,48202,302],{},[46,48204,48206],{"className":48,"code":48205,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48207,48208],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48209,48210,48213,48215,48217,48219,48221,48223,48225,48227,48229,48231],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48211,48212],{"class":61},"invalid literal ",[55,48214,6115],{"class":4040},[55,48216,45419],{"class":1898},[55,48218,7526],{"class":69},[55,48220,47569],{"class":4040},[55,48222,47572],{"class":61},[55,48224,800],{"class":73},[55,48226,153],{"class":69},[55,48228,324],{"class":247},[55,48230,40284],{"class":251},[55,48232,29844],{"class":247},[20,48234,48235,48236,48239,48240,48242],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48237,48238],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48241,3040],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[46,48244,48246],{"className":48,"code":48245,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48247,48248],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48249,48250,48252,48254,48256,48258,48260,48262,48264,48266,48268],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48251,121],{"class":120},[55,48253,103],{"class":69},[55,48255,2351],{"class":1898},[55,48257,103],{"class":69},[55,48259,2355],{"class":1898},[55,48261,103],{"class":69},[55,48263,248],{"class":247},[55,48265,40284],{"class":251},[55,48267,248],{"class":247},[55,48269,3075],{"class":69},[20,48271,302],{},[46,48273,48274],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,48275,48276],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48277,48278],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48279,46760],{"class":73},[20,48281,48282,48283,352,48286,44],{},"If you see this often, read ",[36,48284,48285],{"href":3125},"how to convert string to int in Python",[36,48287,25824,48288],{"href":46059},[15,48289,46060],{},[577,48291,48292],{"id":41721},[15,48293,3168],{},[20,48295,48296],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48298,230],{},[46,48300,48302],{"className":48,"code":48301,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48303,48304,48310,48324,48337],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48305,48306,48308],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48307,29948],{"class":4040},[55,48309,6552],{"class":69},[55,48311,48312,48314,48316,48318,48320,48322],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,48313,8230],{"class":120},[55,48315,103],{"class":69},[55,48317,2351],{"class":1898},[55,48319,103],{"class":69},[55,48321,172],{"class":1312},[55,48323,1867],{"class":69},[55,48325,48326,48328,48331,48333,48335],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,48327,29979],{"class":4040},[55,48329,48330],{"class":1898}," TypeError",[55,48332,47501],{"class":4040},[55,48334,47504],{"class":61},[55,48336,6552],{"class":69},[55,48338,48339,48341,48343,48345],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,48340,8230],{"class":120},[55,48342,103],{"class":69},[55,48344,47533],{"class":99},[55,48346,114],{"class":69},[20,48348,302],{},[46,48350,48352],{"className":48,"code":48351,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48353,48354],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48355,48356,48358,48360,48363,48365,48367,48370,48372,48375,48377,48380,48382,48384,48386,48388,48391],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48357,2351],{"class":1898},[55,48359,7526],{"class":69},[55,48361,48362],{"class":61}," argument must be a string",[55,48364,77],{"class":69},[55,48366,44687],{"class":61},[55,48368,48369],{"class":1898},"bytes",[55,48371,903],{"class":65},[55,48373,48374],{"class":61},"like ",[55,48376,42541],{"class":1898},[55,48378,48379],{"class":65}," or",[55,48381,40981],{"class":61},[55,48383,77],{"class":69},[55,48385,8260],{"class":65},[55,48387,324],{"class":247},[55,48389,48390],{"class":251},"NoneType",[55,48392,29844],{"class":247},[20,48394,48395,48396,48398],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48397,47957],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[46,48400,48402],{"className":48,"code":48401,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48403,48404,48410,48428,48440],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48405,48406,48408],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48407,29948],{"class":4040},[55,48409,6552],{"class":69},[55,48411,48412,48414,48416,48418,48420,48422,48424,48426],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,48413,8230],{"class":120},[55,48415,103],{"class":69},[55,48417,2351],{"class":1898},[55,48419,103],{"class":69},[55,48421,46735],{"class":73},[55,48423,77],{"class":69},[55,48425,80],{"class":73},[55,48427,1867],{"class":69},[55,48429,48430,48432,48434,48436,48438],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,48431,29979],{"class":4040},[55,48433,48330],{"class":1898},[55,48435,47501],{"class":4040},[55,48437,47504],{"class":61},[55,48439,6552],{"class":69},[55,48441,48442,48444,48446,48448],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,48443,8230],{"class":120},[55,48445,103],{"class":69},[55,48447,47533],{"class":99},[55,48449,114],{"class":69},[20,48451,302],{},[46,48453,48455],{"className":48,"code":48454,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48456,48457],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48458,48459,48461,48463,48466,48468],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48460,2351],{"class":1898},[55,48462,7526],{"class":69},[55,48464,48465],{"class":61}," can",[55,48467,315],{"class":247},[55,48469,48470],{"class":251},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[142,48472,1937,48474],{"id":48473},"when-to-use-int",[15,48475,3040],{},[20,48477,31,48478,48480],{},[15,48479,3040],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48482,48483],{},"Common uses:",[155,48485,48486,48492,48495,48498],{},[158,48487,48488,48489,48491],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48490,3121],{}," into integers",[158,48493,48494],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[158,48496,48497],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[158,48499,48500,48501,36754],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48502,47957],{},[20,48504,48505],{},"Example with user input:",[46,48507,48509],{"className":48,"code":48508,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48510,48511,48525,48540,48544],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48512,48513,48516,48518,48520,48523],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48514,48515],{"class":61},"age_text ",[55,48517,66],{"class":65},[55,48519,258],{"class":247},[55,48521,48522],{"class":251},"18",[55,48524,3522],{"class":247},[55,48526,48527,48529,48531,48533,48535,48538],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,48528,21775],{"class":61},[55,48530,66],{"class":65},[55,48532,45419],{"class":1898},[55,48534,103],{"class":69},[55,48536,48537],{"class":99},"age_text",[55,48539,114],{"class":69},[55,48541,48542],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,48543,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,48545,48546,48548,48550,48552,48554,48556],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,48547,121],{"class":120},[55,48549,103],{"class":69},[55,48551,21775],{"class":99},[55,48553,2220],{"class":65},[55,48555,630],{"class":73},[55,48557,114],{"class":69},[20,48559,302],{},[46,48561,48563],{"className":48,"code":48562,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"19\n",[15,48564,48565],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48566,48567],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48568,48562],{"class":73},[142,48570,2992],{"id":2991},[20,48572,1214,48573,44],{},[15,48574,3040],{},[577,48576,48578],{"id":48577},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48580,48581],{},"This fails:",[46,48583,48585],{"className":48,"code":48584,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48586,48587],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48588,48589],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48590,48584],{"class":133},[20,48592,48593,48594,48597],{},"Why: ",[15,48595,48596],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48599,18987],{},[46,48601,48603],{"className":48,"code":48602,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48604,48605],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48606,48607,48609,48611,48613,48615,48617,48619,48621,48623,48625],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48608,121],{"class":120},[55,48610,103],{"class":69},[55,48612,2351],{"class":1898},[55,48614,103],{"class":69},[55,48616,2355],{"class":1898},[55,48618,103],{"class":69},[55,48620,248],{"class":247},[55,48622,41265],{"class":251},[55,48624,248],{"class":247},[55,48626,3075],{"class":69},[577,48628,48630],{"id":48629},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48632,48581],{},[46,48634,48636],{"className":48,"code":48635,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48637,48638],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48639,48640],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48641,48635],{"class":133},[20,48643,48644],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[577,48646,48648,48649],{"id":48647},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48650,48651],{},"int(None)",[20,48653,48654,48655,48657],{},"This fails because ",[15,48656,172],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[46,48659,48661],{"className":48,"code":48660,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48662,48663,48672,48676,48682,48696,48708],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48664,48665,48667,48669],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48666,2608],{"class":61},[55,48668,66],{"class":65},[55,48670,48671],{"class":1312}," None\n",[55,48673,48674],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,48675,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,48677,48678,48680],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,48679,29948],{"class":4040},[55,48681,6552],{"class":69},[55,48683,48684,48686,48688,48690,48692,48694],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,48685,8230],{"class":120},[55,48687,103],{"class":69},[55,48689,2351],{"class":1898},[55,48691,103],{"class":69},[55,48693,2633],{"class":99},[55,48695,1867],{"class":69},[55,48697,48698,48700,48702,48704,48706],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,48699,29979],{"class":4040},[55,48701,48330],{"class":1898},[55,48703,47501],{"class":4040},[55,48705,47504],{"class":61},[55,48707,6552],{"class":69},[55,48709,48710,48712,48714,48716],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,48711,8230],{"class":120},[55,48713,103],{"class":69},[55,48715,47533],{"class":99},[55,48717,114],{"class":69},[577,48719,48721],{"id":48720},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48723,48581],{},[46,48725,48726],{"className":48,"code":48112,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,48727,48728],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48729,48730],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48731,48112],{"class":133},[20,48733,48734],{},"Use a string instead:",[46,48736,48737],{"className":48,"code":47965,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,48738,48739],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48740,48741,48743,48745,48747,48749,48751,48753,48755,48757,48759],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48742,121],{"class":120},[55,48744,103],{"class":69},[55,48746,2351],{"class":1898},[55,48748,103],{"class":69},[55,48750,248],{"class":247},[55,48752,46735],{"class":251},[55,48754,248],{"class":247},[55,48756,77],{"class":69},[55,48758,80],{"class":73},[55,48760,1867],{"class":69},[577,48762,1553,48764,48766],{"id":48763},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48765,3040],{}," to round",[20,48768,48769],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[46,48771,48773],{"className":48,"code":48772,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48774,48775],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48776,48777,48779,48781,48783,48785,48788],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48778,121],{"class":120},[55,48780,103],{"class":69},[55,48782,2351],{"class":1898},[55,48784,103],{"class":69},[55,48786,48787],{"class":73},"4.9",[55,48789,1867],{"class":69},[20,48791,302],{},[46,48793,48795],{"className":48,"code":48794,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"4\n",[15,48796,48797],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48798,48799],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48800,48794],{"class":73},[20,48802,3333,48803,48805,48806,48808],{},[15,48804,2297],{},", remember that ",[15,48807,3040],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[142,48810,1986],{"id":1985},[577,48812,1990,48814,48816],{"id":48813},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48815,3040],{}," round numbers?",[20,48818,46508,48819,48821],{},[15,48820,3040],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[577,48823,5319,48825,48828],{"id":48824},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48826,48827],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48830,29206,48831,48833,48834,48836,48837,40070],{},[15,48832,48238],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48835,3047],{}," first, then use ",[15,48838,3040],{},[577,48840,5303,48842,12871],{"id":48841},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48843,48844],{},"int(True)",[20,48846,5309,48847,28458,48849,42297,48851,44],{},[15,48848,74],{},[15,48850,3838],{},[15,48852,227],{},[577,48854,48856],{"id":48855},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48858,48859],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[142,48861,2039],{"id":2038},[155,48863,48864,48870,48876,48882,48887,48891,48897],{},[158,48865,48866],{},[36,48867,48868,3673],{"href":3044},[15,48869,3047],{},[158,48871,48872],{},[36,48873,48874,3673],{"href":42317},[15,48875,47827],{},[158,48877,48878],{},[36,48879,48880,3673],{"href":5939},[15,48881,3976],{},[158,48883,48884],{},[36,48885,48886],{"href":3125},"How to convert string to int in Python",[158,48888,48889],{},[36,48890,9219],{"href":9141},[158,48892,48893],{},[36,48894,48895,3673],{"href":8380},[15,48896,3121],{},[158,48898,48899],{},[36,48900,2074,48901],{"href":46059},[15,48902,46060],{},[2080,48904,48905],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":48907},[48908,48909,48911,48915,48920,48922,48924,48929,48933,48935,48944,48953],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":46772,"depth":91,"text":48910},"What int() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319,"children":48912},[48913,48914],{"id":46963,"depth":117,"text":46966},{"id":47063,"depth":117,"text":47066},{"id":47199,"depth":91,"text":48916,"children":48917},"Using int() with strings",[48918,48919],{"id":47321,"depth":117,"text":47322},{"id":47409,"depth":117,"text":47410},{"id":47684,"depth":91,"text":48921},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47830,"depth":91,"text":48923},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47950,"depth":91,"text":47951,"children":48925},[48926,48927,48928],{"id":47961,"depth":117,"text":47962},{"id":48030,"depth":117,"text":48031},{"id":48071,"depth":117,"text":48072},{"id":48129,"depth":91,"text":48130,"children":48930},[48931,48932],{"id":41655,"depth":117,"text":40845},{"id":41721,"depth":117,"text":3168},{"id":48473,"depth":91,"text":48934},"When to use int()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":48936},[48937,48938,48939,48941,48942],{"id":48577,"depth":117,"text":48578},{"id":48629,"depth":117,"text":48630},{"id":48647,"depth":117,"text":48940},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48720,"depth":117,"text":48721},{"id":48763,"depth":117,"text":48943},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":48945},[48946,48948,48950,48952],{"id":48813,"depth":117,"text":48947},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48824,"depth":117,"text":48949},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48841,"depth":117,"text":48951},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48855,"depth":117,"text":48856},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42238,"description":48954},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48961,"title":48962,"body":48963,"description":50799,"extension":2124,"meta":50800,"navigation":428,"path":44945,"seo":50801,"stem":50802,"__hash__":50803},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48964,"toc":50755},[48965,48970,48975,48983,48992,48994,49053,49059,49064,49069,49072,49100,49103,49106,49117,49127,49129,49131,49151,49155,49183,49185,49224,49226,49234,49236,49239,49243,49296,49298,49310,49314,49371,49373,49385,49391,49397,49401,49404,49407,49473,49475,49487,49493,49495,49547,49550,49591,49594,49601,49610,49616,49619,49652,49658,49661,49692,49698,49701,49713,49717,49722,49726,49884,49886,49901,49904,49908,50012,50014,50031,50035,50096,50098,50106,50109,50113,50180,50182,50191,50197,50199,50208,50210,50245,50250,50252,50282,50286,50288,50325,50328,50330,50367,50373,50375,50425,50427,50435,50445,50451,50455,50460,50509,50511,50524,50527,50529,50532,50607,50610,50629,50632,50662,50672,50674,50679,50686,50692,50698,50705,50713,50719,50722,50724,50752],[10,48966,3740,48968,3744],{"id":48967},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48969,44948],{},[20,48971,48972,48974],{},[15,48973,44948],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48976,48977,48978,3041,48980,48982],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48979,3769],{},[15,48981,3838],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48984,48985,48986,48988,48989,48991],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48987,44948],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48990,2464],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[142,48993,3774],{"id":3773},[46,48995,48997],{"className":48,"code":48996,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48998,48999,49007,49011,49032],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49000,49001,49003,49005],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49002,2608],{"class":61},[55,49004,66],{"class":65},[55,49006,2748],{"class":73},[55,49008,49009],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,49010,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,49012,49013,49015,49017,49020,49022,49024,49026,49028,49030],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,49014,121],{"class":120},[55,49016,103],{"class":69},[55,49018,49019],{"class":120},"isinstance",[55,49021,103],{"class":69},[55,49023,2633],{"class":99},[55,49025,77],{"class":69},[55,49027,45419],{"class":1898},[55,49029,5522],{"class":69},[55,49031,43997],{"class":133},[55,49033,49034,49036,49038,49040,49042,49044,49046,49049,49051],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,49035,121],{"class":120},[55,49037,103],{"class":69},[55,49039,49019],{"class":120},[55,49041,103],{"class":69},[55,49043,2633],{"class":99},[55,49045,77],{"class":69},[55,49047,49048],{"class":1898}," str",[55,49050,5522],{"class":69},[55,49052,44014],{"class":133},[20,49054,31,49055,49058],{},[15,49056,49057],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[142,49060,145,49062,148],{"id":49061},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49063,44948],{},[20,49065,49066,49068],{},[15,49067,44948],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49070,49071],{},"It:",[155,49073,49074,49077,49083,49086],{},[158,49075,49076],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[158,49078,169,49079,3041,49081],{},[15,49080,3769],{},[15,49082,3838],{},[158,49084,49085],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[158,49087,49088,49089,2352,49091,2352,49093,2352,49095,17222,49098],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49090,3607],{},[15,49092,2351],{},[15,49094,1899],{},[15,49096,49097],{},"tuple",[15,49099,8983],{},[20,49101,49102],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49104,49105],{},"For example, you might want to:",[155,49107,49108,49111,49114],{},[158,49109,49110],{},"loop through a list",[158,49112,49113],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[158,49115,49116],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49118,49119,49120,3041,49123,44],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[36,49121,44940],{"href":49122},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[36,49124,49126],{"href":49125},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[142,49128,2319],{"id":2318},[20,49130,2322],{},[46,49132,49134],{"className":48,"code":49133,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49135,49136],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49137,49138,49140,49142,49144,49146,49149],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49139,49019],{"class":120},[55,49141,103],{"class":69},[55,49143,42541],{"class":1898},[55,49145,77],{"class":69},[55,49147,49148],{"class":99}," classinfo",[55,49150,114],{"class":69},[577,49152,49154],{"id":49153},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[155,49156,49157,49162,49176],{},[158,49158,49159,49161],{},[15,49160,42541],{}," is the value you want to test",[158,49163,49164,49167,49168,2352,49170,2352,49172,2356,49174],{},[15,49165,49166],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49169,2351],{},[15,49171,3607],{},[15,49173,1899],{},[15,49175,8983],{},[158,49177,49178,49179,3041,49181],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49180,3769],{},[15,49182,3838],{},[20,49184,230],{},[46,49186,49188],{"className":48,"code":49187,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49189,49190,49202,49206],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49191,49192,49194,49196,49198,49200],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49193,8037],{"class":61},[55,49195,66],{"class":65},[55,49197,258],{"class":247},[55,49199,11668],{"class":251},[55,49201,3522],{"class":247},[55,49203,49204],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,49205,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,49207,49208,49210,49212,49214,49216,49218,49220,49222],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,49209,121],{"class":120},[55,49211,103],{"class":69},[55,49213,49019],{"class":120},[55,49215,103],{"class":69},[55,49217,7829],{"class":99},[55,49219,77],{"class":69},[55,49221,49048],{"class":1898},[55,49223,1867],{"class":69},[20,49225,302],{},[46,49227,49228],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,49229,49230],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49231,49232],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49233,4143],{"class":1312},[142,49235,11634],{"id":11633},[20,49237,49238],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[577,49240,49242],{"id":49241},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[46,49244,49246],{"className":48,"code":49245,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49247,49248,49256,49260,49278],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49249,49250,49252,49254],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49251,2608],{"class":61},[55,49253,66],{"class":65},[55,49255,45368],{"class":73},[55,49257,49258],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,49259,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,49261,49262,49264,49266,49268,49270,49272,49274,49276],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,49263,121],{"class":120},[55,49265,103],{"class":69},[55,49267,49019],{"class":120},[55,49269,103],{"class":69},[55,49271,2633],{"class":99},[55,49273,77],{"class":69},[55,49275,45419],{"class":1898},[55,49277,1867],{"class":69},[55,49279,49280,49282,49284,49286,49288,49290,49292,49294],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,49281,121],{"class":120},[55,49283,103],{"class":69},[55,49285,49019],{"class":120},[55,49287,103],{"class":69},[55,49289,2633],{"class":99},[55,49291,77],{"class":69},[55,49293,49048],{"class":1898},[55,49295,1867],{"class":69},[20,49297,302],{},[46,49299,49300],{"className":48,"code":44316,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,49301,49302,49306],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49303,49304],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49305,4143],{"class":1312},[55,49307,49308],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,49309,4204],{"class":1312},[577,49311,49313],{"id":49312},"check-text","Check text",[46,49315,49317],{"className":48,"code":49316,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49318,49319,49331,49335,49353],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49320,49321,49323,49325,49327,49329],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49322,34829],{"class":61},[55,49324,66],{"class":65},[55,49326,258],{"class":247},[55,49328,4009],{"class":251},[55,49330,3522],{"class":247},[55,49332,49333],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,49334,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,49336,49337,49339,49341,49343,49345,49347,49349,49351],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,49338,121],{"class":120},[55,49340,103],{"class":69},[55,49342,49019],{"class":120},[55,49344,103],{"class":69},[55,49346,34850],{"class":99},[55,49348,77],{"class":69},[55,49350,49048],{"class":1898},[55,49352,1867],{"class":69},[55,49354,49355,49357,49359,49361,49363,49365,49367,49369],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,49356,121],{"class":120},[55,49358,103],{"class":69},[55,49360,49019],{"class":120},[55,49362,103],{"class":69},[55,49364,34850],{"class":99},[55,49366,77],{"class":69},[55,49368,45419],{"class":1898},[55,49370,1867],{"class":69},[20,49372,302],{},[46,49374,49375],{"className":48,"code":44316,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,49376,49377,49381],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49378,49379],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49380,4143],{"class":1312},[55,49382,49383],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,49384,4204],{"class":1312},[20,49386,49387,49388,49390],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49389,44948],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49392,49393,49394,44],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[36,49395,49396],{"href":3125},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[142,49398,49400],{"id":49399},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49402,49403],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49405,49406],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[46,49408,49410],{"className":48,"code":49409,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49411,49412,49421,49425,49449],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49413,49414,49416,49418],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49415,2608],{"class":61},[55,49417,66],{"class":65},[55,49419,49420],{"class":73}," 3.5\n",[55,49422,49423],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,49424,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,49426,49427,49429,49431,49433,49435,49437,49439,49441,49443,49445,49447],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,49428,121],{"class":120},[55,49430,103],{"class":69},[55,49432,49019],{"class":120},[55,49434,103],{"class":69},[55,49436,2633],{"class":99},[55,49438,77],{"class":69},[55,49440,9398],{"class":69},[55,49442,2351],{"class":1898},[55,49444,77],{"class":69},[55,49446,40396],{"class":1898},[55,49448,3075],{"class":69},[55,49450,49451,49453,49455,49457,49459,49461,49463,49465,49467,49469,49471],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,49452,121],{"class":120},[55,49454,103],{"class":69},[55,49456,49019],{"class":120},[55,49458,103],{"class":69},[55,49460,2633],{"class":99},[55,49462,77],{"class":69},[55,49464,9398],{"class":69},[55,49466,3607],{"class":1898},[55,49468,77],{"class":69},[55,49470,22705],{"class":1898},[55,49472,3075],{"class":69},[20,49474,302],{},[46,49476,49477],{"className":48,"code":44316,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,49478,49479,49483],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49480,49481],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49482,4143],{"class":1312},[55,49484,49485],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,49486,4204],{"class":1312},[20,49488,49489,49490,49492],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49491,40978],{}," conditions.",[20,49494,8459],{},[46,49496,49498],{"className":48,"code":49497,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49499,49500,49508,49512],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49501,49502,49504,49506],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49503,2608],{"class":61},[55,49505,66],{"class":65},[55,49507,49420],{"class":73},[55,49509,49510],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,49511,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,49513,49514,49516,49518,49520,49522,49524,49526,49528,49530,49532,49535,49537,49539,49541,49543,49545],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,49515,121],{"class":120},[55,49517,103],{"class":69},[55,49519,1910],{"class":1898},[55,49521,103],{"class":69},[55,49523,2633],{"class":99},[55,49525,3825],{"class":69},[55,49527,6567],{"class":65},[55,49529,45419],{"class":1898},[55,49531,48379],{"class":4040},[55,49533,49534],{"class":1898}," type",[55,49536,103],{"class":69},[55,49538,2633],{"class":99},[55,49540,3825],{"class":69},[55,49542,6567],{"class":65},[55,49544,40396],{"class":1898},[55,49546,114],{"class":69},[20,49548,49549],{},"you can write this:",[46,49551,49553],{"className":48,"code":49552,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49554,49555,49563,49567],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49556,49557,49559,49561],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49558,2608],{"class":61},[55,49560,66],{"class":65},[55,49562,49420],{"class":73},[55,49564,49565],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,49566,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,49568,49569,49571,49573,49575,49577,49579,49581,49583,49585,49587,49589],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,49570,121],{"class":120},[55,49572,103],{"class":69},[55,49574,49019],{"class":120},[55,49576,103],{"class":69},[55,49578,2633],{"class":99},[55,49580,77],{"class":69},[55,49582,9398],{"class":69},[55,49584,2351],{"class":1898},[55,49586,77],{"class":69},[55,49588,40396],{"class":1898},[55,49590,3075],{"class":69},[20,49592,49593],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[142,49595,49597,982,49599],{"id":49596},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49598,44948],{},[15,49600,2464],{},[20,49602,10751,49603,352,49605,49609],{},[15,49604,44948],{},[36,49606,49607],{"href":2461},[15,49608,2464],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[577,49611,49613],{"id":49612},"typevalue-int",[15,49614,49615],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49617,49618],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[46,49620,49622],{"className":48,"code":49621,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49623,49624,49632],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49625,49626,49628,49630],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49627,2608],{"class":61},[55,49629,66],{"class":65},[55,49631,2748],{"class":73},[55,49633,49634,49636,49638,49640,49642,49644,49646,49648,49650],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,49635,121],{"class":120},[55,49637,103],{"class":69},[55,49639,1910],{"class":1898},[55,49641,103],{"class":69},[55,49643,2633],{"class":99},[55,49645,3825],{"class":69},[55,49647,6567],{"class":65},[55,49649,45419],{"class":1898},[55,49651,114],{"class":69},[577,49653,49655],{"id":49654},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49656,49657],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49659,49660],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[46,49662,49664],{"className":48,"code":49663,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49665,49666,49674],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49667,49668,49670,49672],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49669,2608],{"class":61},[55,49671,66],{"class":65},[55,49673,2748],{"class":73},[55,49675,49676,49678,49680,49682,49684,49686,49688,49690],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,49677,121],{"class":120},[55,49679,103],{"class":69},[55,49681,49019],{"class":120},[55,49683,103],{"class":69},[55,49685,2633],{"class":99},[55,49687,77],{"class":69},[55,49689,45419],{"class":1898},[55,49691,1867],{"class":69},[20,49693,49694,49695,49697],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49696,44948],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49699,49700],{},"In everyday code:",[155,49702,49703,49708],{},[158,49704,40131,49705,49707],{},[15,49706,2464],{}," when you need the exact type",[158,49709,40131,49710,49712],{},[15,49711,44948],{}," when you want a practical type check",[142,49714,49716],{"id":49715},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49718,49719,49720,44],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49721,44948],{},[577,49723,49725],{"id":49724},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[46,49727,49729],{"className":48,"code":49728,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49730,49731,49749,49768,49780,49785,49803,49814,49818,49830,49834,49858],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49732,49733,49735,49738,49740,49742,49744,49747],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49734,34993],{"class":2226},[55,49736,49737],{"class":34996}," repeat_text",[55,49739,103],{"class":69},[55,49741,34850],{"class":37802},[55,49743,77],{"class":69},[55,49745,49746],{"class":37802}," count",[55,49748,8502],{"class":69},[55,49750,49751,49753,49755,49758,49760,49762,49764,49766],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,49752,6557],{"class":4040},[55,49754,8260],{"class":65},[55,49756,49757],{"class":120}," isinstance",[55,49759,103],{"class":69},[55,49761,34850],{"class":99},[55,49763,77],{"class":69},[55,49765,49048],{"class":1898},[55,49767,8502],{"class":69},[55,49769,49770,49773,49775,49778],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,49771,49772],{"class":4040},"        return",[55,49774,258],{"class":247},[55,49776,49777],{"class":251},"text must be a string",[55,49779,3522],{"class":247},[55,49781,49782],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,49783,49784],{"class":61},"    \n",[55,49786,49787,49789,49791,49793,49795,49797,49799,49801],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,49788,6557],{"class":4040},[55,49790,8260],{"class":65},[55,49792,49757],{"class":120},[55,49794,103],{"class":69},[55,49796,41401],{"class":99},[55,49798,77],{"class":69},[55,49800,45419],{"class":1898},[55,49802,8502],{"class":69},[55,49804,49805,49807,49809,49812],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,49806,49772],{"class":4040},[55,49808,258],{"class":247},[55,49810,49811],{"class":251},"count must be an integer",[55,49813,3522],{"class":247},[55,49815,49816],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,49817,49784],{"class":61},[55,49819,49820,49822,49825,49827],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,49821,35004],{"class":4040},[55,49823,49824],{"class":61}," text ",[55,49826,40013],{"class":65},[55,49828,49829],{"class":61}," count\n",[55,49831,49832],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,49833,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,49835,49836,49838,49840,49843,49845,49847,49850,49852,49854,49856],{"class":57,"line":6595},[55,49837,121],{"class":120},[55,49839,103],{"class":69},[55,49841,49842],{"class":99},"repeat_text",[55,49844,103],{"class":69},[55,49846,248],{"class":247},[55,49848,49849],{"class":251},"Hi ",[55,49851,248],{"class":247},[55,49853,77],{"class":69},[55,49855,111],{"class":73},[55,49857,1867],{"class":69},[55,49859,49860,49862,49864,49866,49868,49870,49872,49874,49876,49878,49880,49882],{"class":57,"line":11753},[55,49861,121],{"class":120},[55,49863,103],{"class":69},[55,49865,49842],{"class":99},[55,49867,103],{"class":69},[55,49869,248],{"class":247},[55,49871,49849],{"class":251},[55,49873,248],{"class":247},[55,49875,77],{"class":69},[55,49877,258],{"class":247},[55,49879,2223],{"class":251},[55,49881,248],{"class":247},[55,49883,1867],{"class":69},[20,49885,302],{},[46,49887,49889],{"className":48,"code":49888,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49890,49891,49896],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49892,49893],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49894,49895],{"class":61},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[55,49897,49898],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,49899,49900],{"class":61},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49902,49903],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[577,49905,49907],{"id":49906},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[46,49909,49911],{"className":48,"code":49910,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49912,49913,49945,49949,49965,49980,49997],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49914,49915,49917,49919,49921,49923,49925,49927,49929,49931,49933,49935,49937,49939,49941,49943],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49916,2608],{"class":61},[55,49918,66],{"class":65},[55,49920,70],{"class":69},[55,49922,248],{"class":247},[55,49924,36],{"class":251},[55,49926,248],{"class":247},[55,49928,77],{"class":69},[55,49930,258],{"class":247},[55,49932,285],{"class":251},[55,49934,248],{"class":247},[55,49936,77],{"class":69},[55,49938,258],{"class":247},[55,49940,261],{"class":251},[55,49942,248],{"class":247},[55,49944,88],{"class":69},[55,49946,49947],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,49948,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,49950,49951,49953,49955,49957,49959,49961,49963],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,49952,7157],{"class":4040},[55,49954,49757],{"class":120},[55,49956,103],{"class":69},[55,49958,2633],{"class":99},[55,49960,77],{"class":69},[55,49962,49048],{"class":1898},[55,49964,8502],{"class":69},[55,49966,49967,49969,49971,49973,49976,49978],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,49968,8230],{"class":120},[55,49970,103],{"class":69},[55,49972,248],{"class":247},[55,49974,49975],{"class":251},"This is text",[55,49977,248],{"class":247},[55,49979,114],{"class":69},[55,49981,49982,49985,49987,49989,49991,49993,49995],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,49983,49984],{"class":4040},"elif",[55,49986,49757],{"class":120},[55,49988,103],{"class":69},[55,49990,2633],{"class":99},[55,49992,77],{"class":69},[55,49994,22705],{"class":1898},[55,49996,8502],{"class":69},[55,49998,49999,50001,50003,50005,50008,50010],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,50000,8230],{"class":120},[55,50002,103],{"class":69},[55,50004,248],{"class":247},[55,50006,50007],{"class":251},"This is a list",[55,50009,248],{"class":247},[55,50011,114],{"class":69},[20,50013,302],{},[46,50015,50017],{"className":48,"code":50016,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"This is a list\n",[15,50018,50019],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50020,50021,50024,50026,50028],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50022,50023],{"class":61},"This ",[55,50025,12350],{"class":65},[55,50027,44687],{"class":61},[55,50029,50030],{"class":1898},"list\n",[577,50032,50034],{"id":50033},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[46,50036,50038],{"className":48,"code":50037,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50039,50040,50052,50056,50072,50086],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50041,50042,50044,50046,50048,50050],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50043,2608],{"class":61},[55,50045,66],{"class":65},[55,50047,258],{"class":247},[55,50049,46669],{"class":251},[55,50051,3522],{"class":247},[55,50053,50054],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,50055,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,50057,50058,50060,50062,50064,50066,50068,50070],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,50059,7157],{"class":4040},[55,50061,49757],{"class":120},[55,50063,103],{"class":69},[55,50065,2633],{"class":99},[55,50067,77],{"class":69},[55,50069,49048],{"class":1898},[55,50071,8502],{"class":69},[55,50073,50074,50076,50078,50080,50082,50084],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,50075,42032],{"class":61},[55,50077,66],{"class":65},[55,50079,45419],{"class":1898},[55,50081,103],{"class":69},[55,50083,2633],{"class":99},[55,50085,114],{"class":69},[55,50087,50088,50090,50092,50094],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,50089,8230],{"class":120},[55,50091,103],{"class":69},[55,50093,2402],{"class":99},[55,50095,114],{"class":69},[20,50097,302],{},[46,50099,50100],{"className":48,"code":46755,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,50101,50102],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50103,50104],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50105,46755],{"class":73},[20,50107,50108],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[577,50110,50112],{"id":50111},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[46,50114,50116],{"className":48,"code":50115,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50117,50118,50142,50146,50162],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50119,50120,50122,50124,50126,50128,50130,50132,50134,50136,50138,50140],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50121,2608],{"class":61},[55,50123,66],{"class":65},[55,50125,10652],{"class":69},[55,50127,248],{"class":247},[55,50129,7829],{"class":251},[55,50131,248],{"class":247},[55,50133,153],{"class":69},[55,50135,258],{"class":247},[55,50137,13036],{"class":251},[55,50139,248],{"class":247},[55,50141,9471],{"class":69},[55,50143,50144],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,50145,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,50147,50148,50150,50152,50154,50156,50158,50160],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,50149,7157],{"class":4040},[55,50151,49757],{"class":120},[55,50153,103],{"class":69},[55,50155,2633],{"class":99},[55,50157,77],{"class":69},[55,50159,9332],{"class":1898},[55,50161,8502],{"class":69},[55,50163,50164,50166,50168,50170,50172,50174,50176,50178],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,50165,8230],{"class":120},[55,50167,103],{"class":69},[55,50169,2633],{"class":99},[55,50171,312],{"class":69},[55,50173,248],{"class":247},[55,50175,7829],{"class":251},[55,50177,248],{"class":247},[55,50179,1777],{"class":69},[20,50181,302],{},[46,50183,50185],{"className":48,"code":50184,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana\n",[15,50186,50187],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50188,50189],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50190,50184],{"class":61},[20,50192,50193,50194,50196],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50195,3168],{}," messages later.",[142,50198,1211],{"id":1210},[577,50200,50202,50203,11252,50206],{"id":50201},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50204,50205],{},"\"int\"",[15,50207,2351],{},[20,50209,1343],{},[46,50211,50213],{"className":48,"code":50212,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50214,50215,50223],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50216,50217,50219,50221],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50218,2608],{"class":61},[55,50220,66],{"class":65},[55,50222,2748],{"class":73},[55,50224,50225,50227,50229,50231,50233,50235,50237,50239,50241,50243],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,50226,121],{"class":120},[55,50228,103],{"class":69},[55,50230,49019],{"class":120},[55,50232,103],{"class":69},[55,50234,2633],{"class":99},[55,50236,77],{"class":69},[55,50238,258],{"class":247},[55,50240,2351],{"class":251},[55,50242,248],{"class":247},[55,50244,1867],{"class":69},[20,50246,50247,50249],{},[15,50248,50205],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50251,16805],{},[46,50253,50254],{"className":48,"code":49663,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,50255,50256,50264],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50257,50258,50260,50262],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50259,2608],{"class":61},[55,50261,66],{"class":65},[55,50263,2748],{"class":73},[55,50265,50266,50268,50270,50272,50274,50276,50278,50280],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,50267,121],{"class":120},[55,50269,103],{"class":69},[55,50271,49019],{"class":120},[55,50273,103],{"class":69},[55,50275,2633],{"class":99},[55,50277,77],{"class":69},[55,50279,45419],{"class":1898},[55,50281,1867],{"class":69},[577,50283,50285],{"id":50284},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50287,1343],{},[46,50289,50291],{"className":48,"code":50290,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50292,50293,50301],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50294,50295,50297,50299],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50296,2608],{"class":61},[55,50298,66],{"class":65},[55,50300,34984],{"class":73},[55,50302,50303,50305,50307,50309,50311,50313,50315,50317,50319,50321,50323],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,50304,121],{"class":120},[55,50306,103],{"class":69},[55,50308,49019],{"class":120},[55,50310,103],{"class":69},[55,50312,2633],{"class":99},[55,50314,77],{"class":69},[55,50316,70],{"class":69},[55,50318,2351],{"class":1898},[55,50320,77],{"class":69},[55,50322,40396],{"class":1898},[55,50324,3162],{"class":69},[20,50326,50327],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50329,16805],{},[46,50331,50333],{"className":48,"code":50332,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50334,50335,50343],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50336,50337,50339,50341],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50338,2608],{"class":61},[55,50340,66],{"class":65},[55,50342,34984],{"class":73},[55,50344,50345,50347,50349,50351,50353,50355,50357,50359,50361,50363,50365],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,50346,121],{"class":120},[55,50348,103],{"class":69},[55,50350,49019],{"class":120},[55,50352,103],{"class":69},[55,50354,2633],{"class":99},[55,50356,77],{"class":69},[55,50358,9398],{"class":69},[55,50360,2351],{"class":1898},[55,50362,77],{"class":69},[55,50364,40396],{"class":1898},[55,50366,3075],{"class":69},[577,50368,25918,50370,50372],{"id":50369},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50371,44948],{}," converts a value",[20,50374,19060],{},[46,50376,50378],{"className":48,"code":50377,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50379,50380,50393,50411,50415],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50381,50382,50384,50386,50388,50391],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50383,2608],{"class":61},[55,50385,66],{"class":65},[55,50387,258],{"class":247},[55,50389,50390],{"class":251},"123",[55,50392,3522],{"class":247},[55,50394,50395,50397,50399,50401,50403,50405,50407,50409],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,50396,1255],{"class":61},[55,50398,66],{"class":65},[55,50400,49757],{"class":120},[55,50402,103],{"class":69},[55,50404,2633],{"class":99},[55,50406,77],{"class":69},[55,50408,45419],{"class":1898},[55,50410,114],{"class":69},[55,50412,50413],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,50414,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,50416,50417,50419,50421,50423],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,50418,121],{"class":120},[55,50420,103],{"class":69},[55,50422,1288],{"class":99},[55,50424,114],{"class":69},[20,50426,302],{},[46,50428,50429],{"className":48,"code":4204,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,50430,50431],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50432,50433],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50434,4204],{"class":1312},[20,50436,50437,50438,50441,50442,50444],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50439,50440],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50443,50390],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50446,50447,50448,6790],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50449,50450],{},"int(value)",[577,50452,50454],{"id":50453},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50456,50457,50459],{},[15,50458,44948],{}," does not modify anything.",[46,50461,50463],{"className":48,"code":50462,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50464,50465,50477,50481,50499],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50466,50467,50469,50471,50473,50475],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50468,2608],{"class":61},[55,50470,66],{"class":65},[55,50472,258],{"class":247},[55,50474,13708],{"class":251},[55,50476,3522],{"class":247},[55,50478,50479],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,50480,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,50482,50483,50485,50487,50489,50491,50493,50495,50497],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,50484,121],{"class":120},[55,50486,103],{"class":69},[55,50488,49019],{"class":120},[55,50490,103],{"class":69},[55,50492,2633],{"class":99},[55,50494,77],{"class":69},[55,50496,49048],{"class":1898},[55,50498,1867],{"class":69},[55,50500,50501,50503,50505,50507],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,50502,121],{"class":120},[55,50504,103],{"class":69},[55,50506,2633],{"class":99},[55,50508,114],{"class":69},[20,50510,302],{},[46,50512,50514],{"className":48,"code":50513,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\n100\n",[15,50515,50516,50520],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50517,50518],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50519,4143],{"class":1312},[55,50521,50522],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,50523,47406],{"class":73},[20,50525,50526],{},"The value stays the same.",[142,50528,26086],{"id":26085},[20,50530,50531],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[46,50533,50535],{"className":48,"code":50534,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50536,50537,50551,50569,50593],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50538,50539,50541,50543,50545,50547,50549],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50540,121],{"class":120},[55,50542,103],{"class":69},[55,50544,1910],{"class":1898},[55,50546,103],{"class":69},[55,50548,2633],{"class":99},[55,50550,1867],{"class":69},[55,50552,50553,50555,50557,50559,50561,50563,50565,50567],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,50554,121],{"class":120},[55,50556,103],{"class":69},[55,50558,49019],{"class":120},[55,50560,103],{"class":69},[55,50562,2633],{"class":99},[55,50564,77],{"class":69},[55,50566,45419],{"class":1898},[55,50568,1867],{"class":69},[55,50570,50571,50573,50575,50577,50579,50581,50583,50585,50587,50589,50591],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,50572,121],{"class":120},[55,50574,103],{"class":69},[55,50576,49019],{"class":120},[55,50578,103],{"class":69},[55,50580,2633],{"class":99},[55,50582,77],{"class":69},[55,50584,9398],{"class":69},[55,50586,2351],{"class":1898},[55,50588,77],{"class":69},[55,50590,40396],{"class":1898},[55,50592,3075],{"class":69},[55,50594,50595,50597,50599,50601,50603,50605],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,50596,121],{"class":120},[55,50598,103],{"class":69},[55,50600,41921],{"class":120},[55,50602,103],{"class":69},[55,50604,2633],{"class":99},[55,50606,1867],{"class":69},[20,50608,50609],{},"These can help when:",[155,50611,50612,50615,50620,50623],{},[158,50613,50614],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[158,50616,50617,50618],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50619,3168],{},[158,50621,50622],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[158,50624,50625,50626,50628],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50627,44948],{}," is invalid",[20,50630,50631],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[155,50633,50634,50648,50654,50659],{},[158,50635,50636,50637,3041,50640,50643,50644,3041,50646],{},"using ",[15,50638,50639],{},"'int'",[15,50641,50642],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50645,2351],{},[15,50647,3607],{},[158,50649,50650,50651,50653],{},"expecting ",[15,50652,44948],{}," to convert a value",[158,50655,50636,50656,50658],{},[15,50657,2464],{}," when inherited types should also match",[158,50660,50661],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50663,50664,50665,44],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[36,50666,50668,50669],{"href":50667},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50670,50671],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[142,50673,1986],{"id":1985},[577,50675,5303,50677,5306],{"id":50676},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50678,44948],{},[20,50680,5309,50681,50683,50684,44],{},[15,50682,3769],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50685,3838],{},[577,50687,2009,50689,50691],{"id":50688},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50690,44948],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50693,50694,50695,44],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50696,50697],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[577,50699,2022,50701,352,50703,2027],{"id":50700},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50702,44948],{},[15,50704,2464],{},[20,50706,50707,50709,50710,50712],{},[15,50708,2464],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50711,44948],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[577,50714,1990,50716,50718],{"id":50715},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50717,44948],{}," convert a value?",[20,50720,50721],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[142,50723,2039],{"id":2038},[155,50725,50726,50732,50736,50741,50746],{},[158,50727,50728],{},[36,50729,3740,50730,3673],{"href":2461},[15,50731,2464],{},[158,50733,50734],{},[36,50735,44940],{"href":49122},[158,50737,50738],{},[36,50739,50740],{"href":3125},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[158,50742,50743],{},[36,50744,50745],{"href":49125},"What is a data type in Python?",[158,50747,50748],{},[36,50749,50668,50750],{"href":50667},[15,50751,50671],{},[2080,50753,50754],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":50756},[50757,50758,50760,50763,50767,50768,50773,50779,50787,50788,50798],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":49061,"depth":91,"text":50759},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319,"children":50761},[50762],{"id":49153,"depth":117,"text":49154},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634,"children":50764},[50765,50766],{"id":49241,"depth":117,"text":49242},{"id":49312,"depth":117,"text":49313},{"id":49399,"depth":91,"text":49400},{"id":49596,"depth":91,"text":50769,"children":50770},"isinstance() vs type()",[50771,50772],{"id":49612,"depth":117,"text":49615},{"id":49654,"depth":117,"text":49657},{"id":49715,"depth":91,"text":49716,"children":50774},[50775,50776,50777,50778],{"id":49724,"depth":117,"text":49725},{"id":49906,"depth":117,"text":49907},{"id":50033,"depth":117,"text":50034},{"id":50111,"depth":117,"text":50112},{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":50780},[50781,50783,50784,50786],{"id":50201,"depth":117,"text":50782},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50284,"depth":117,"text":50285},{"id":50369,"depth":117,"text":50785},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50453,"depth":117,"text":50454},{"id":26085,"depth":91,"text":26086},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":50789},[50790,50792,50794,50796],{"id":50676,"depth":117,"text":50791},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50688,"depth":117,"text":50793},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50700,"depth":117,"text":50795},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50715,"depth":117,"text":50797},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48962,"description":50799},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50805,"title":50806,"body":50807,"description":52779,"extension":2124,"meta":52780,"navigation":428,"path":52781,"seo":52782,"stem":52783,"__hash__":52784},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50808,"toc":52754},[50809,50812,50817,50822,50836,50839,50841,50916,50921,50925,50930,50933,50947,50949,51115,51127,51129,51131,51146,51149,51152,51165,51167,51265,51269,51275,51278,51287,51289,51324,51329,51350,51355,51360,51392,51395,51452,51456,51462,51465,51518,51520,51560,51563,51631,51634,51685,51692,51696,51702,51787,51793,51799,51848,51851,51854,51904,51906,51911,51915,51965,51969,52016,52020,52097,52101,52166,52169,52173,52178,52183,52195,52197,52216,52222,52225,52244,52249,52276,52283,52287,52293,52296,52391,52394,52397,52446,52451,52453,52457,52492,52495,52552,52562,52565,52599,52602,52604,52608,52611,52615,52618,52622,52625,52629,52642,52646,52651,52653,52703,52715,52717,52751],[10,50810,50806],{"id":50811},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50813,9284,50814,50816],{},[15,50815,42503],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50818,35547,50819,50821],{},[15,50820,42503],{}," to count:",[155,50823,50824,50827,50830,50833],{},[158,50825,50826],{},"characters in a string",[158,50828,50829],{},"items in a list or tuple",[158,50831,50832],{},"keys in a dictionary",[158,50834,50835],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50837,50838],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[142,50840,2165],{"id":2164},[46,50842,50844],{"className":48,"code":50843,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50845,50846,50858,50878,50882,50899],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50847,50848,50850,50852,50854,50856],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50849,34829],{"class":61},[55,50851,66],{"class":65},[55,50853,258],{"class":247},[55,50855,4009],{"class":251},[55,50857,3522],{"class":247},[55,50859,50860,50862,50864,50866,50868,50870,50872,50874,50876],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,50861,1026],{"class":61},[55,50863,66],{"class":65},[55,50865,70],{"class":69},[55,50867,800],{"class":73},[55,50869,77],{"class":69},[55,50871,7951],{"class":73},[55,50873,77],{"class":69},[55,50875,7956],{"class":73},[55,50877,88],{"class":69},[55,50879,50880],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,50881,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,50883,50884,50886,50888,50890,50892,50894,50896],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,50885,121],{"class":120},[55,50887,103],{"class":69},[55,50889,1860],{"class":120},[55,50891,103],{"class":69},[55,50893,34850],{"class":99},[55,50895,5522],{"class":69},[55,50897,50898],{"class":133},"   # 5\n",[55,50900,50901,50903,50905,50907,50909,50911,50913],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,50902,121],{"class":120},[55,50904,103],{"class":69},[55,50906,1860],{"class":120},[55,50908,103],{"class":69},[55,50910,1057],{"class":99},[55,50912,5522],{"class":69},[55,50914,50915],{"class":133},"  # 3\n",[20,50917,31,50918,50920],{},[15,50919,42503],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[142,50922,50924],{"id":50923},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50926,50927,50929],{},[15,50928,42503],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50931,50932],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[155,50934,50935,50938,50941,50944],{},[158,50936,50937],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[158,50939,50940],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[158,50942,50943],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[158,50945,50946],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50948,230],{},[46,50950,50952],{"className":48,"code":50951,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50953,50954,50966,50991,51023,51043,51047,51064,51081,51098],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50955,50956,50958,50960,50962,50964],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50957,8037],{"class":61},[55,50959,66],{"class":65},[55,50961,258],{"class":247},[55,50963,7838],{"class":251},[55,50965,3522],{"class":247},[55,50967,50968,50970,50972,50974,50976,50978,50980,50982,50984,50986,50989],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,50969,62],{"class":61},[55,50971,66],{"class":65},[55,50973,70],{"class":69},[55,50975,800],{"class":73},[55,50977,77],{"class":69},[55,50979,7951],{"class":73},[55,50981,77],{"class":69},[55,50983,7956],{"class":73},[55,50985,77],{"class":69},[55,50987,50988],{"class":73}," 40",[55,50990,88],{"class":69},[55,50992,50993,50995,50997,50999,51001,51003,51005,51007,51009,51011,51013,51015,51017,51019,51021],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,50994,9327],{"class":61},[55,50996,66],{"class":65},[55,50998,10652],{"class":69},[55,51000,248],{"class":247},[55,51002,36],{"class":251},[55,51004,248],{"class":247},[55,51006,153],{"class":69},[55,51008,630],{"class":73},[55,51010,77],{"class":69},[55,51012,258],{"class":247},[55,51014,285],{"class":251},[55,51016,248],{"class":247},[55,51018,153],{"class":69},[55,51020,80],{"class":73},[55,51022,9471],{"class":69},[55,51024,51025,51027,51029,51031,51033,51035,51037,51039,51041],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,51026,3986],{"class":61},[55,51028,66],{"class":65},[55,51030,10652],{"class":69},[55,51032,2297],{"class":73},[55,51034,77],{"class":69},[55,51036,37783],{"class":73},[55,51038,77],{"class":69},[55,51040,6151],{"class":73},[55,51042,9471],{"class":69},[55,51044,51045],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,51046,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,51048,51049,51051,51053,51055,51057,51059,51061],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,51050,121],{"class":120},[55,51052,103],{"class":69},[55,51054,1860],{"class":120},[55,51056,103],{"class":69},[55,51058,7829],{"class":99},[55,51060,5522],{"class":69},[55,51062,51063],{"class":133},"     # 3\n",[55,51065,51066,51068,51070,51072,51074,51076,51078],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,51067,121],{"class":120},[55,51069,103],{"class":69},[55,51071,1860],{"class":120},[55,51073,103],{"class":69},[55,51075,94],{"class":99},[55,51077,5522],{"class":69},[55,51079,51080],{"class":133},"  # 4\n",[55,51082,51083,51085,51087,51089,51091,51093,51095],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,51084,121],{"class":120},[55,51086,103],{"class":69},[55,51088,1860],{"class":120},[55,51090,103],{"class":69},[55,51092,9366],{"class":99},[55,51094,5522],{"class":69},[55,51096,51097],{"class":133},"     # 2\n",[55,51099,51100,51102,51104,51106,51108,51110,51112],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,51101,121],{"class":120},[55,51103,103],{"class":69},[55,51105,1860],{"class":120},[55,51107,103],{"class":69},[55,51109,5519],{"class":99},[55,51111,5522],{"class":69},[55,51113,51114],{"class":133},"   # 3\n",[20,51116,51117,51118,2352,51122,17222,51125,44],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[36,51119,51121],{"href":51120},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[36,51123,51124],{"href":974},"Python lists explained",[36,51126,9317],{"href":9316},[142,51128,2319],{"id":2318},[20,51130,2322],{},[46,51132,51134],{"className":48,"code":51133,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"len(object)\n",[15,51135,51136],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51137,51138,51140,51142,51144],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51139,1860],{"class":120},[55,51141,103],{"class":69},[55,51143,42541],{"class":1898},[55,51145,114],{"class":69},[20,51147,51148],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51150,51151],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[155,51153,51154,51156,51158,51160,51162],{},[158,51155,38047],{},[158,51157,38041],{},[158,51159,38044],{},[158,51161,38050],{},[158,51163,51164],{},"a dictionary",[20,51166,230],{},[46,51168,51170],{"className":48,"code":51169,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51171,51172,51193,51217,51239],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51173,51174,51176,51178,51180,51182,51184,51186,51188,51190],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51175,121],{"class":120},[55,51177,103],{"class":69},[55,51179,1860],{"class":120},[55,51181,103],{"class":69},[55,51183,248],{"class":247},[55,51185,50],{"class":251},[55,51187,248],{"class":247},[55,51189,5522],{"class":69},[55,51191,51192],{"class":133},"      # 6\n",[55,51194,51195,51197,51199,51201,51203,51205,51207,51209,51211,51213,51215],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,51196,121],{"class":120},[55,51198,103],{"class":69},[55,51200,1860],{"class":120},[55,51202,3149],{"class":69},[55,51204,74],{"class":73},[55,51206,77],{"class":69},[55,51208,80],{"class":73},[55,51210,77],{"class":69},[55,51212,111],{"class":73},[55,51214,4896],{"class":69},[55,51216,51063],{"class":133},[55,51218,51219,51221,51223,51225,51227,51229,51231,51233,51236],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,51220,121],{"class":120},[55,51222,103],{"class":69},[55,51224,1860],{"class":120},[55,51226,5669],{"class":69},[55,51228,800],{"class":73},[55,51230,77],{"class":69},[55,51232,7951],{"class":73},[55,51234,51235],{"class":69},")))",[55,51237,51238],{"class":133},"      # 2\n",[55,51240,51241,51243,51245,51247,51249,51251,51253,51255,51257,51259,51262],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,51242,121],{"class":120},[55,51244,103],{"class":69},[55,51246,1860],{"class":120},[55,51248,5688],{"class":69},[55,51250,248],{"class":247},[55,51252,2336],{"class":251},[55,51254,248],{"class":247},[55,51256,153],{"class":69},[55,51258,630],{"class":73},[55,51260,51261],{"class":69},"}))",[55,51263,51264],{"class":133},"      # 1\n",[142,51266,51268],{"id":51267},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51270,51271,51272,51274],{},"When you use ",[15,51273,42503],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51276,51277],{},"That includes:",[155,51279,51280,51282,51284],{},[158,51281,270],{},[158,51283,10613],{},[158,51285,51286],{},"punctuation",[20,51288,230],{},[46,51290,51292],{"className":48,"code":51291,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51293,51294,51307],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51295,51296,51298,51300,51302,51305],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51297,34829],{"class":61},[55,51299,66],{"class":65},[55,51301,258],{"class":247},[55,51303,51304],{"class":251},"Hi there!",[55,51306,3522],{"class":247},[55,51308,51309,51311,51313,51315,51317,51319,51321],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,51310,121],{"class":120},[55,51312,103],{"class":69},[55,51314,1860],{"class":120},[55,51316,103],{"class":69},[55,51318,34850],{"class":99},[55,51320,5522],{"class":69},[55,51322,51323],{"class":133},"  # 9\n",[20,51325,51326,51327,2027],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51328,2305],{},[155,51330,51331,51337,51341,51344],{},[158,51332,51333,51336],{},[15,51334,51335],{},"H"," = 1",[158,51338,51339,51336],{},[15,51340,36293],{},[158,51342,51343],{},"space = 1",[158,51345,51346,51349],{},[15,51347,51348],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51351,51352,51353],{},"Total: ",[15,51354,2305],{},[20,51356,51357,51358,153],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51359,227],{},[46,51361,51363],{"className":48,"code":51362,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51364,51365,51374],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51366,51367,51370,51372],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51368,51369],{"class":61},"empty_text ",[55,51371,66],{"class":65},[55,51373,8042],{"class":247},[55,51375,51376,51378,51380,51382,51384,51387,51389],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,51377,121],{"class":120},[55,51379,103],{"class":69},[55,51381,1860],{"class":120},[55,51383,103],{"class":69},[55,51385,51386],{"class":99},"empty_text",[55,51388,5522],{"class":69},[55,51390,51391],{"class":133},"  # 0\n",[20,51393,51394],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[46,51396,51398],{"className":48,"code":51397,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51399,51400,51413,51417,51437],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51401,51402,51405,51407,51409,51411],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51403,51404],{"class":61},"user_name ",[55,51406,66],{"class":65},[55,51408,258],{"class":247},[55,51410,5164],{"class":251},[55,51412,3522],{"class":247},[55,51414,51415],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,51416,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,51418,51419,51421,51423,51425,51428,51430,51433,51435],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,51420,7157],{"class":4040},[55,51422,38526],{"class":120},[55,51424,103],{"class":69},[55,51426,51427],{"class":99},"user_name",[55,51429,3825],{"class":69},[55,51431,51432],{"class":65}," >=",[55,51434,111],{"class":73},[55,51436,6552],{"class":69},[55,51438,51439,51441,51443,51445,51448,51450],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,51440,8230],{"class":120},[55,51442,103],{"class":69},[55,51444,248],{"class":247},[55,51446,51447],{"class":251},"Name is long enough",[55,51449,248],{"class":247},[55,51451,114],{"class":69},[142,51453,51455],{"id":51454},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51457,51458,51459,51461],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51460,42503],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51463,51464],{},"Example with a list:",[46,51466,51468],{"className":48,"code":51467,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51469,51470,51502],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51471,51472,51474,51476,51478,51480,51482,51484,51486,51488,51490,51492,51494,51496,51498,51500],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51473,372],{"class":61},[55,51475,66],{"class":65},[55,51477,70],{"class":69},[55,51479,248],{"class":247},[55,51481,381],{"class":251},[55,51483,248],{"class":247},[55,51485,77],{"class":69},[55,51487,258],{"class":247},[55,51489,399],{"class":251},[55,51491,248],{"class":247},[55,51493,77],{"class":69},[55,51495,258],{"class":247},[55,51497,390],{"class":251},[55,51499,248],{"class":247},[55,51501,88],{"class":69},[55,51503,51504,51506,51508,51510,51512,51514,51516],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,51505,121],{"class":120},[55,51507,103],{"class":69},[55,51509,1860],{"class":120},[55,51511,103],{"class":69},[55,51513,434],{"class":99},[55,51515,5522],{"class":69},[55,51517,50915],{"class":133},[20,51519,38056],{},[46,51521,51523],{"className":48,"code":51522,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51524,51525,51542],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51526,51527,51530,51532,51534,51536,51538,51540],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51528,51529],{"class":61},"point ",[55,51531,66],{"class":65},[55,51533,9398],{"class":69},[55,51535,800],{"class":73},[55,51537,77],{"class":69},[55,51539,7951],{"class":73},[55,51541,114],{"class":69},[55,51543,51544,51546,51548,51550,51552,51555,51557],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,51545,121],{"class":120},[55,51547,103],{"class":69},[55,51549,1860],{"class":120},[55,51551,103],{"class":69},[55,51553,51554],{"class":99},"point",[55,51556,5522],{"class":69},[55,51558,51559],{"class":133},"  # 2\n",[20,51561,51562],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[46,51564,51566],{"className":48,"code":51565,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51567,51568,51592,51596,51614],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51569,51570,51572,51574,51576,51578,51580,51582,51584,51586,51588,51590],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51571,1026],{"class":61},[55,51573,66],{"class":65},[55,51575,70],{"class":69},[55,51577,248],{"class":247},[55,51579,1035],{"class":251},[55,51581,248],{"class":247},[55,51583,77],{"class":69},[55,51585,258],{"class":247},[55,51587,1072],{"class":251},[55,51589,248],{"class":247},[55,51591,88],{"class":69},[55,51593,51594],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,51595,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,51597,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606,51608,51610,51612],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,51599,7157],{"class":4040},[55,51601,38526],{"class":120},[55,51603,103],{"class":69},[55,51605,1057],{"class":99},[55,51607,3825],{"class":69},[55,51609,38536],{"class":65},[55,51611,630],{"class":73},[55,51613,6552],{"class":69},[55,51615,51616,51618,51620,51622,51624,51626,51628],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,51617,8230],{"class":120},[55,51619,103],{"class":69},[55,51621,1057],{"class":99},[55,51623,312],{"class":69},[55,51625,74],{"class":73},[55,51627,20593],{"class":69},[55,51629,51630],{"class":133},"  # banana\n",[20,51632,51633],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[46,51635,51637],{"className":48,"code":51636,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51638,51639,51662],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51640,51641,51643,51645,51647,51650,51652,51655,51657,51660],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51642,5224],{"class":61},[55,51644,66],{"class":65},[55,51646,70],{"class":69},[55,51648,51649],{"class":73},"88",[55,51651,77],{"class":69},[55,51653,51654],{"class":73}," 91",[55,51656,77],{"class":69},[55,51658,51659],{"class":73}," 75",[55,51661,88],{"class":69},[55,51663,51664,51666,51668,51670,51673,51675,51677,51679,51681,51683],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,51665,121],{"class":120},[55,51667,103],{"class":69},[55,51669,248],{"class":247},[55,51671,51672],{"class":251},"Number of scores:",[55,51674,248],{"class":247},[55,51676,77],{"class":69},[55,51678,38526],{"class":120},[55,51680,103],{"class":69},[55,51682,16539],{"class":99},[55,51684,1867],{"class":69},[20,51686,51687,51688,44],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[36,51689,51691],{"href":51690},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[142,51693,51695],{"id":51694},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51697,51698,51699,51701],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51700,42503],{}," counts keys.",[46,51703,51705],{"className":48,"code":51704,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51706,51707,51715,51733,51747,51763,51767,51771],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51708,51709,51711,51713],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51710,13019],{"class":61},[55,51712,66],{"class":65},[55,51714,11652],{"class":69},[55,51716,51717,51719,51721,51723,51725,51727,51729,51731],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,51718,11657],{"class":247},[55,51720,7829],{"class":251},[55,51722,248],{"class":247},[55,51724,153],{"class":69},[55,51726,258],{"class":247},[55,51728,8082],{"class":251},[55,51730,248],{"class":247},[55,51732,11673],{"class":69},[55,51734,51735,51737,51739,51741,51743,51745],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,51736,11657],{"class":247},[55,51738,9461],{"class":251},[55,51740,248],{"class":247},[55,51742,153],{"class":69},[55,51744,31087],{"class":73},[55,51746,11673],{"class":69},[55,51748,51749,51751,51753,51755,51757,51759,51761],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,51750,11657],{"class":247},[55,51752,20038],{"class":251},[55,51754,248],{"class":247},[55,51756,153],{"class":69},[55,51758,258],{"class":247},[55,51760,22392],{"class":251},[55,51762,3522],{"class":247},[55,51764,51765],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,51766,9471],{"class":69},[55,51768,51769],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,51770,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,51772,51773,51775,51777,51779,51781,51783,51785],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,51774,121],{"class":120},[55,51776,103],{"class":69},[55,51778,1860],{"class":120},[55,51780,103],{"class":69},[55,51782,13776],{"class":99},[55,51784,5522],{"class":69},[55,51786,50915],{"class":133},[20,51788,51789,51790,51792],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51791,42503],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51794,51795,51796,51798],{},"For sets, ",[15,51797,42503],{}," counts unique items:",[46,51800,51802],{"className":48,"code":51801,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51803,51804,51832],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51805,51806,51808,51810,51812,51814,51816,51818,51820,51822,51824,51826,51828,51830],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51807,62],{"class":61},[55,51809,66],{"class":65},[55,51811,10652],{"class":69},[55,51813,74],{"class":73},[55,51815,77],{"class":69},[55,51817,80],{"class":73},[55,51819,77],{"class":69},[55,51821,111],{"class":73},[55,51823,77],{"class":69},[55,51825,111],{"class":73},[55,51827,77],{"class":69},[55,51829,80],{"class":73},[55,51831,9471],{"class":69},[55,51833,51834,51836,51838,51840,51842,51844,51846],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,51835,121],{"class":120},[55,51837,103],{"class":69},[55,51839,1860],{"class":120},[55,51841,103],{"class":69},[55,51843,94],{"class":99},[55,51845,5522],{"class":69},[55,51847,50915],{"class":133},[20,51849,51850],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51852,51853],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[46,51855,51857],{"className":48,"code":51856,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51858,51859,51867,51871,51889],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51860,51861,51863,51865],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51862,9327],{"class":61},[55,51864,66],{"class":65},[55,51866,10000],{"class":69},[55,51868,51869],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,51870,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,51872,51873,51875,51877,51879,51881,51883,51885,51887],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,51874,7157],{"class":4040},[55,51876,38526],{"class":120},[55,51878,103],{"class":69},[55,51880,9366],{"class":99},[55,51882,3825],{"class":69},[55,51884,6567],{"class":65},[55,51886,3997],{"class":73},[55,51888,6552],{"class":69},[55,51890,51891,51893,51895,51897,51900,51902],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,51892,8230],{"class":120},[55,51894,103],{"class":69},[55,51896,248],{"class":247},[55,51898,51899],{"class":251},"The dictionary is empty",[55,51901,248],{"class":247},[55,51903,114],{"class":69},[142,51905,41187],{"id":41186},[20,51907,51908,51909,44],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51910,42503],{},[577,51912,51914],{"id":51913},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[46,51916,51918],{"className":48,"code":51917,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51919,51920,51928,51932,51950],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51921,51922,51924,51926],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51923,1026],{"class":61},[55,51925,66],{"class":65},[55,51927,7999],{"class":69},[55,51929,51930],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,51931,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,51933,51934,51936,51938,51940,51942,51944,51946,51948],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,51935,7157],{"class":4040},[55,51937,38526],{"class":120},[55,51939,103],{"class":69},[55,51941,1057],{"class":99},[55,51943,3825],{"class":69},[55,51945,6567],{"class":65},[55,51947,3997],{"class":73},[55,51949,6552],{"class":69},[55,51951,51952,51954,51956,51958,51961,51963],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,51953,8230],{"class":120},[55,51955,103],{"class":69},[55,51957,248],{"class":247},[55,51959,51960],{"class":251},"The list is empty",[55,51962,248],{"class":247},[55,51964,114],{"class":69},[577,51966,51968],{"id":51967},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[46,51970,51972],{"className":48,"code":51971,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51973,51974,51993],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51975,51976,51978,51980,51982,51984,51986,51989,51991],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51977,6312],{"class":61},[55,51979,66],{"class":65},[55,51981,8403],{"class":120},[55,51983,103],{"class":69},[55,51985,248],{"class":247},[55,51987,51988],{"class":251},"Enter a word: ",[55,51990,248],{"class":247},[55,51992,114],{"class":69},[55,51994,51995,51997,51999,52001,52004,52006,52008,52010,52012,52014],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,51996,121],{"class":120},[55,51998,103],{"class":69},[55,52000,248],{"class":247},[55,52002,52003],{"class":251},"Number of characters:",[55,52005,248],{"class":247},[55,52007,77],{"class":69},[55,52009,38526],{"class":120},[55,52011,103],{"class":69},[55,52013,38531],{"class":99},[55,52015,1867],{"class":69},[577,52017,52019],{"id":52018},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[46,52021,52023],{"className":48,"code":52022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52024,52025,52039,52043,52061,52076,52082],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52026,52027,52030,52032,52034,52037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52028,52029],{"class":61},"password ",[55,52031,66],{"class":65},[55,52033,258],{"class":247},[55,52035,52036],{"class":251},"secret123",[55,52038,3522],{"class":247},[55,52040,52041],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,52042,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,52044,52045,52047,52049,52051,52053,52055,52057,52059],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,52046,7157],{"class":4040},[55,52048,38526],{"class":120},[55,52050,103],{"class":69},[55,52052,17770],{"class":99},[55,52054,3825],{"class":69},[55,52056,51432],{"class":65},[55,52058,6518],{"class":73},[55,52060,6552],{"class":69},[55,52062,52063,52065,52067,52069,52072,52074],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,52064,8230],{"class":120},[55,52066,103],{"class":69},[55,52068,248],{"class":247},[55,52070,52071],{"class":251},"Password length is valid",[55,52073,248],{"class":247},[55,52075,114],{"class":69},[55,52077,52078,52080],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,52079,27578],{"class":4040},[55,52081,6552],{"class":69},[55,52083,52084,52086,52088,52090,52093,52095],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,52085,8230],{"class":120},[55,52087,103],{"class":69},[55,52089,248],{"class":247},[55,52091,52092],{"class":251},"Password is too short",[55,52094,248],{"class":247},[55,52096,114],{"class":69},[577,52098,52100],{"id":52099},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[46,52102,52104],{"className":48,"code":52103,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52105,52106,52142],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52107,52108,52111,52113,52115,52117,52120,52122,52124,52126,52129,52131,52133,52135,52138,52140],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52109,52110],{"class":61},"results ",[55,52112,66],{"class":65},[55,52114,70],{"class":69},[55,52116,248],{"class":247},[55,52118,52119],{"class":251},"item1",[55,52121,248],{"class":247},[55,52123,77],{"class":69},[55,52125,258],{"class":247},[55,52127,52128],{"class":251},"item2",[55,52130,248],{"class":247},[55,52132,77],{"class":69},[55,52134,258],{"class":247},[55,52136,52137],{"class":251},"item3",[55,52139,248],{"class":247},[55,52141,88],{"class":69},[55,52143,52144,52146,52148,52150,52153,52155,52157,52159,52161,52164],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,52145,121],{"class":120},[55,52147,103],{"class":69},[55,52149,248],{"class":247},[55,52151,52152],{"class":251},"Items found:",[55,52154,248],{"class":247},[55,52156,77],{"class":69},[55,52158,38526],{"class":120},[55,52160,103],{"class":69},[55,52162,52163],{"class":99},"results",[55,52165,1867],{"class":69},[20,52167,52168],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[142,52170,52172],{"id":52171},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52174,52175,52177],{},[15,52176,42503],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52179,52180,52181,153],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52182,3168],{},[155,52184,52185,52188,52191],{},[158,52186,52187],{},"plain integers",[158,52189,52190],{},"floats",[158,52192,52193],{},[15,52194,172],{},[20,52196,230],{},[46,52198,52200],{"className":48,"code":52199,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52201,52202],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52203,52204,52206,52208,52210,52212,52214],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52205,121],{"class":120},[55,52207,103],{"class":69},[55,52209,1860],{"class":120},[55,52211,103],{"class":69},[55,52213,2297],{"class":73},[55,52215,1867],{"class":69},[20,52217,52218,52219,52221],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52220,2297],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52223,52224],{},"Another example:",[46,52226,52228],{"className":48,"code":52227,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52229,52230],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52231,52232,52234,52236,52238,52240,52242],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52233,121],{"class":120},[55,52235,103],{"class":69},[55,52237,1860],{"class":120},[55,52239,103],{"class":69},[55,52241,40284],{"class":73},[55,52243,1867],{"class":69},[20,52245,52246,52247,153],{},"And with ",[15,52248,172],{},[46,52250,52252],{"className":48,"code":52251,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52253,52254,52262],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52255,52256,52258,52260],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52257,2608],{"class":61},[55,52259,66],{"class":65},[55,52261,48671],{"class":1312},[55,52263,52264,52266,52268,52270,52272,52274],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,52265,121],{"class":120},[55,52267,103],{"class":69},[55,52269,1860],{"class":120},[55,52271,103],{"class":69},[55,52273,2633],{"class":99},[55,52275,1867],{"class":69},[20,52277,52278,52279,44],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[36,52280,52282],{"href":52281},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[142,52284,52286],{"id":52285},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52288,52289,52290,52292],{},"Before using ",[15,52291,42503],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52294,52295],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[46,52297,52299],{"className":48,"code":52298,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52300,52301,52309,52313,52323,52337,52355,52373],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52302,52303,52305,52307],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52304,2608],{"class":61},[55,52306,66],{"class":65},[55,52308,48671],{"class":1312},[55,52310,52311],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,52312,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,52314,52315,52317,52319,52321],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,52316,121],{"class":120},[55,52318,103],{"class":69},[55,52320,2633],{"class":99},[55,52322,114],{"class":69},[55,52324,52325,52327,52329,52331,52333,52335],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,52326,121],{"class":120},[55,52328,103],{"class":69},[55,52330,1910],{"class":1898},[55,52332,103],{"class":69},[55,52334,2633],{"class":99},[55,52336,1867],{"class":69},[55,52338,52339,52341,52343,52345,52347,52349,52351,52353],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,52340,121],{"class":120},[55,52342,103],{"class":69},[55,52344,49019],{"class":120},[55,52346,103],{"class":69},[55,52348,2633],{"class":99},[55,52350,77],{"class":69},[55,52352,49048],{"class":1898},[55,52354,1867],{"class":69},[55,52356,52357,52359,52361,52363,52365,52367,52369,52371],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,52358,121],{"class":120},[55,52360,103],{"class":69},[55,52362,49019],{"class":120},[55,52364,103],{"class":69},[55,52366,2633],{"class":99},[55,52368,77],{"class":69},[55,52370,22705],{"class":1898},[55,52372,1867],{"class":69},[55,52374,52375,52377,52379,52381,52383,52385,52387,52389],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,52376,121],{"class":120},[55,52378,103],{"class":69},[55,52380,49019],{"class":120},[55,52382,103],{"class":69},[55,52384,2633],{"class":99},[55,52386,77],{"class":69},[55,52388,9332],{"class":1898},[55,52390,1867],{"class":69},[20,52392,52393],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52395,52396],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[46,52398,52400],{"className":48,"code":52399,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52401,52402,52414,52418,52432],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52403,52404,52406,52408,52410,52412],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52405,2608],{"class":61},[55,52407,66],{"class":65},[55,52409,258],{"class":247},[55,52411,4009],{"class":251},[55,52413,3522],{"class":247},[55,52415,52416],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,52417,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,52419,52420,52422,52424,52426,52428,52430],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,52421,7157],{"class":4040},[55,52423,21731],{"class":61},[55,52425,12350],{"class":65},[55,52427,8260],{"class":65},[55,52429,4016],{"class":1312},[55,52431,6552],{"class":69},[55,52433,52434,52436,52438,52440,52442,52444],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,52435,8230],{"class":120},[55,52437,103],{"class":69},[55,52439,1860],{"class":120},[55,52441,103],{"class":69},[55,52443,2633],{"class":99},[55,52445,1867],{"class":69},[20,52447,52448,52449,44],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[36,52450,8603],{"href":2461},[142,52452,2992],{"id":2991},[20,52454,23240,52455,153],{},[15,52456,42503],{},[155,52458,52459,52467,52475,52483,52489],{},[158,52460,8578,52461,52463,52464],{},[15,52462,42503],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52465,52466],{},"len(5)",[158,52468,8578,52469,52471,52472],{},[15,52470,42503],{}," on a float like ",[15,52473,52474],{},"len(3.14)",[158,52476,8578,52477,52479,52480,52482],{},[15,52478,42503],{}," on ",[15,52481,172],{}," after a function returns nothing",[158,52484,4740,52485,52488],{},[15,52486,52487],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[158,52490,52491],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52493,52494],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[46,52496,52498],{"className":48,"code":52497,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52499,52500,52536],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52501,52502,52504,52506,52508,52510,52512,52514,52516,52518,52520,52522,52524,52526,52528,52530,52532,52534],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52503,13357],{"class":61},[55,52505,66],{"class":65},[55,52507,10652],{"class":69},[55,52509,248],{"class":247},[55,52511,7829],{"class":251},[55,52513,248],{"class":247},[55,52515,153],{"class":69},[55,52517,258],{"class":247},[55,52519,13036],{"class":251},[55,52521,248],{"class":247},[55,52523,77],{"class":69},[55,52525,258],{"class":247},[55,52527,9461],{"class":251},[55,52529,248],{"class":247},[55,52531,153],{"class":69},[55,52533,7951],{"class":73},[55,52535,9471],{"class":69},[55,52537,52538,52540,52542,52544,52546,52548,52550],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,52539,121],{"class":120},[55,52541,103],{"class":69},[55,52543,1860],{"class":120},[55,52545,103],{"class":69},[55,52547,17457],{"class":99},[55,52549,5522],{"class":69},[55,52551,51559],{"class":133},[20,52553,37734,52554,52556,52557,352,52559,44],{},[15,52555,106],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52558,15389],{},[15,52560,52561],{},"\"age\"",[20,52563,52564],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[46,52566,52568],{"className":48,"code":52567,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52569,52570,52583],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52571,52572,52574,52576,52578,52581],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52573,34829],{"class":61},[55,52575,66],{"class":65},[55,52577,258],{"class":247},[55,52579,52580],{"class":251},"a b",[55,52582,3522],{"class":247},[55,52584,52585,52587,52589,52591,52593,52595,52597],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,52586,121],{"class":120},[55,52588,103],{"class":69},[55,52590,1860],{"class":120},[55,52592,103],{"class":69},[55,52594,34850],{"class":99},[55,52596,5522],{"class":69},[55,52598,50915],{"class":133},[20,52600,52601],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[142,52603,1986],{"id":1985},[577,52605,52607],{"id":52606},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52609,52610],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[577,52612,52614],{"id":52613},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52616,52617],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[577,52619,52621],{"id":52620},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52623,52624],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[577,52626,52628],{"id":52627},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52630,52631,52632,52634,52635,3041,52637,52639,52640,44],{},"No. Using ",[15,52633,42503],{}," on an ",[15,52636,2351],{},[15,52638,2355],{}," raises a ",[15,52641,3168],{},[577,52643,52645],{"id":52644},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52647,7924,52648,44],{},[15,52649,52650],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52652,230],{},[46,52654,52656],{"className":48,"code":52655,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52657,52658,52666,52670,52688],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52659,52660,52662,52664],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52661,8469],{"class":61},[55,52663,66],{"class":65},[55,52665,7999],{"class":69},[55,52667,52668],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,52669,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,52671,52672,52674,52676,52678,52680,52682,52684,52686],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,52673,7157],{"class":4040},[55,52675,38526],{"class":120},[55,52677,103],{"class":69},[55,52679,192],{"class":99},[55,52681,3825],{"class":69},[55,52683,6567],{"class":65},[55,52685,3997],{"class":73},[55,52687,6552],{"class":69},[55,52689,52690,52692,52694,52696,52699,52701],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,52691,8230],{"class":120},[55,52693,103],{"class":69},[55,52695,248],{"class":247},[55,52697,52698],{"class":251},"Empty list",[55,52700,248],{"class":247},[55,52702,114],{"class":69},[20,52704,52705,52706,52708,52709,52711,52712,52714],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52707,3838],{}," in an ",[15,52710,7157],{}," statement, but ",[15,52713,42503],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[142,52716,2039],{"id":2038},[155,52718,52719,52723,52727,52731,52736,52740,52746],{},[158,52720,52721],{},[36,52722,51121],{"href":51120},[158,52724,52725],{},[36,52726,51124],{"href":974},[158,52728,52729],{},[36,52730,9317],{"href":9316},[158,52732,52733],{},[36,52734,52735],{"href":51690},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[158,52737,52738],{},[36,52739,8603],{"href":2461},[158,52741,52742],{},[36,52743,52745],{"href":52744},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[158,52747,52748],{},[36,52749,52750],{"href":52281},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2080,52752,52753],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":52755},[52756,52757,52758,52759,52760,52761,52762,52768,52769,52770,52771,52778],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":50923,"depth":91,"text":50924},{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":51267,"depth":91,"text":51268},{"id":51454,"depth":91,"text":51455},{"id":51694,"depth":91,"text":51695},{"id":41186,"depth":91,"text":41187,"children":52763},[52764,52765,52766,52767],{"id":51913,"depth":117,"text":51914},{"id":51967,"depth":117,"text":51968},{"id":52018,"depth":117,"text":52019},{"id":52099,"depth":117,"text":52100},{"id":52171,"depth":91,"text":52172},{"id":52285,"depth":91,"text":52286},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":52772},[52773,52774,52775,52776,52777],{"id":52606,"depth":117,"text":52607},{"id":52613,"depth":117,"text":52614},{"id":52620,"depth":117,"text":52621},{"id":52627,"depth":117,"text":52628},{"id":52644,"depth":117,"text":52645},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50806,"description":52779},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52786,"title":52787,"body":52788,"description":54459,"extension":2124,"meta":54460,"navigation":428,"path":54461,"seo":54462,"stem":54463,"__hash__":54464},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52789,"toc":54432},[52790,52793,52806,52812,52814,52867,52872,52876,52892,52895,52909,52914,52916,52919,52938,52954,52956,53032,53034,53071,53082,53084,53087,53148,53150,53183,53186,53190,53194,53197,53322,53324,53383,53391,53444,53446,53473,53479,53488,53492,53495,53500,53552,53554,53580,53585,53639,53641,53665,53668,53692,53698,53700,53704,53706,53763,53765,53773,53775,53797,53799,53852,53854,53878,53882,53884,53923,53925,53933,53939,53943,53995,53997,54023,54031,54035,54040,54048,54050,54115,54117,54149,54153,54158,54160,54174,54177,54250,54252,54278,54280,54284,54290,54294,54301,54305,54308,54310,54363,54365,54391,54395,54403,54405,54429],[10,52791,52787],{"id":52792},"python-list-append-method",[20,52794,568,52795,52797,52798,52801,52802,52805],{},[15,52796,42],{}," method adds ",[1966,52799,52800],{},"one item"," to the ",[1966,52803,52804],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52807,52808,52809,52811],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[1966,52810,1968],{}," create a new list.",[142,52813,3774],{"id":3773},[46,52815,52817],{"className":48,"code":52816,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52818,52819,52839,52853,52863],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52820,52821,52823,52825,52827,52829,52831,52833,52835,52837],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52822,62],{"class":61},[55,52824,66],{"class":65},[55,52826,70],{"class":69},[55,52828,74],{"class":73},[55,52830,77],{"class":69},[55,52832,80],{"class":73},[55,52834,77],{"class":69},[55,52836,111],{"class":73},[55,52838,88],{"class":69},[55,52840,52841,52843,52845,52847,52849,52851],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,52842,94],{"class":61},[55,52844,44],{"class":69},[55,52846,1100],{"class":99},[55,52848,103],{"class":69},[55,52850,2665],{"class":73},[55,52852,114],{"class":69},[55,52854,52855,52857,52859,52861],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,52856,121],{"class":120},[55,52858,103],{"class":69},[55,52860,94],{"class":99},[55,52862,114],{"class":69},[55,52864,52865],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,52866,134],{"class":133},[20,52868,31,52869,52871],{},[15,52870,42],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[142,52873,52875],{"id":52874},"what-append-does","What append() does",[155,52877,52878,52883,52886,52889],{},[158,52879,52880,52882],{},[15,52881,42],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[158,52884,52885],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[158,52887,52888],{},"It does not create a new list",[158,52890,52891],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52893,52894],{},"This means you can append:",[155,52896,52897,52899,52901,52903,52905,52907],{},[158,52898,94],{},[158,52900,5469],{},[158,52902,40735],{},[158,52904,5460],{},[158,52906,7411],{},[158,52908,34803],{},[20,52910,52911,52912,44],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[36,52913,2063],{"href":974},[142,52915,182],{"id":181},[20,52917,52918],{},"Basic form:",[46,52920,52922],{"className":48,"code":52921,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52923,52924],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52925,52926,52928,52930,52932,52934,52936],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52927,192],{"class":61},[55,52929,44],{"class":69},[55,52931,1100],{"class":99},[55,52933,103],{"class":69},[55,52935,220],{"class":99},[55,52937,114],{"class":69},[155,52939,52940,52945,52950],{},[158,52941,52942,52944],{},[15,52943,192],{}," is the list you want to change",[158,52946,52947,52949],{},[15,52948,220],{}," is the value or object to add",[158,52951,12067,52952],{},[15,52953,172],{},[20,52955,230],{},[46,52957,52959],{"className":48,"code":52958,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52960,52961,52985,53008,53012,53022],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52962,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971,52973,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52964,36378],{"class":61},[55,52966,66],{"class":65},[55,52968,70],{"class":69},[55,52970,248],{"class":247},[55,52972,1035],{"class":251},[55,52974,248],{"class":247},[55,52976,77],{"class":69},[55,52978,258],{"class":247},[55,52980,1072],{"class":251},[55,52982,248],{"class":247},[55,52984,88],{"class":69},[55,52986,52987,52989,52991,52994,52996,52998,53000,53002,53004,53006],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,52988,1255],{"class":61},[55,52990,66],{"class":65},[55,52992,52993],{"class":61}," fruits",[55,52995,44],{"class":69},[55,52997,1100],{"class":99},[55,52999,103],{"class":69},[55,53001,248],{"class":247},[55,53003,1044],{"class":251},[55,53005,248],{"class":247},[55,53007,114],{"class":69},[55,53009,53010],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,53011,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,53013,53014,53016,53018,53020],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,53015,121],{"class":120},[55,53017,103],{"class":69},[55,53019,36430],{"class":99},[55,53021,114],{"class":69},[55,53023,53024,53026,53028,53030],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,53025,121],{"class":120},[55,53027,103],{"class":69},[55,53029,1288],{"class":99},[55,53031,114],{"class":69},[20,53033,302],{},[46,53035,53037],{"className":48,"code":53036,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53038,53039,53067],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53040,53041,53043,53045,53047,53049,53051,53053,53055,53057,53059,53061,53063,53065],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53042,312],{"class":69},[55,53044,315],{"class":247},[55,53046,1035],{"class":251},[55,53048,315],{"class":247},[55,53050,77],{"class":69},[55,53052,324],{"class":247},[55,53054,1072],{"class":251},[55,53056,315],{"class":247},[55,53058,77],{"class":69},[55,53060,324],{"class":247},[55,53062,1044],{"class":251},[55,53064,315],{"class":247},[55,53066,88],{"class":69},[55,53068,53069],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,53070,1313],{"class":1312},[20,53072,53073,53074,53076,53077,53079,53080,44],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53075,42],{}," updates ",[15,53078,36430],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53081,172],{},[142,53083,11634],{"id":11633},[20,53085,53086],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[46,53088,53090],{"className":48,"code":53089,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53091,53092,53116,53134,53138],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53093,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102,53104,53106,53108,53110,53112,53114],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53095,372],{"class":61},[55,53097,66],{"class":65},[55,53099,70],{"class":69},[55,53101,248],{"class":247},[55,53103,381],{"class":251},[55,53105,248],{"class":247},[55,53107,77],{"class":69},[55,53109,258],{"class":247},[55,53111,390],{"class":251},[55,53113,248],{"class":247},[55,53115,88],{"class":69},[55,53117,53118,53120,53122,53124,53126,53128,53130,53132],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,53119,434],{"class":61},[55,53121,44],{"class":69},[55,53123,1100],{"class":99},[55,53125,103],{"class":69},[55,53127,248],{"class":247},[55,53129,399],{"class":251},[55,53131,248],{"class":247},[55,53133,114],{"class":69},[55,53135,53136],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,53137,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,53139,53140,53142,53144,53146],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,53141,121],{"class":120},[55,53143,103],{"class":69},[55,53145,434],{"class":99},[55,53147,114],{"class":69},[20,53149,302],{},[46,53151,53153],{"className":48,"code":53152,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53154,53155],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53156,53157,53159,53161,53163,53165,53167,53169,53171,53173,53175,53177,53179,53181],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53158,312],{"class":69},[55,53160,315],{"class":247},[55,53162,381],{"class":251},[55,53164,315],{"class":247},[55,53166,77],{"class":69},[55,53168,324],{"class":247},[55,53170,390],{"class":251},[55,53172,315],{"class":247},[55,53174,77],{"class":69},[55,53176,324],{"class":247},[55,53178,399],{"class":251},[55,53180,315],{"class":247},[55,53182,88],{"class":69},[20,53184,53185],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53187,31227,53188,44],{},[36,53189,1207],{"href":1206},[142,53191,53193],{"id":53192},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53195,53196],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[46,53198,53200],{"className":48,"code":53199,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53201,53202,53210,53214,53228,53246,53260,53286,53308,53312],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53203,53204,53206,53208],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53205,1026],{"class":61},[55,53207,66],{"class":65},[55,53209,7999],{"class":69},[55,53211,53212],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,53213,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,53215,53216,53218,53220,53222,53224,53226],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,53217,1057],{"class":61},[55,53219,44],{"class":69},[55,53221,1100],{"class":99},[55,53223,103],{"class":69},[55,53225,800],{"class":73},[55,53227,114],{"class":69},[55,53229,53230,53232,53234,53236,53238,53240,53242,53244],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,53231,1057],{"class":61},[55,53233,44],{"class":69},[55,53235,1100],{"class":99},[55,53237,103],{"class":69},[55,53239,248],{"class":247},[55,53241,4009],{"class":251},[55,53243,248],{"class":247},[55,53245,114],{"class":69},[55,53247,53248,53250,53252,53254,53256,53258],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,53249,1057],{"class":61},[55,53251,44],{"class":69},[55,53253,1100],{"class":99},[55,53255,103],{"class":69},[55,53257,3769],{"class":1312},[55,53259,114],{"class":69},[55,53261,53262,53264,53266,53268,53270,53272,53274,53276,53278,53280,53282,53284],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,53263,1057],{"class":61},[55,53265,44],{"class":69},[55,53267,1100],{"class":99},[55,53269,5688],{"class":69},[55,53271,248],{"class":247},[55,53273,7829],{"class":251},[55,53275,248],{"class":247},[55,53277,153],{"class":69},[55,53279,258],{"class":247},[55,53281,7838],{"class":251},[55,53283,248],{"class":247},[55,53285,30640],{"class":69},[55,53287,53288,53290,53292,53294,53296,53298,53300,53302,53304,53306],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,53289,1057],{"class":61},[55,53291,44],{"class":69},[55,53293,1100],{"class":99},[55,53295,3149],{"class":69},[55,53297,74],{"class":73},[55,53299,77],{"class":69},[55,53301,80],{"class":73},[55,53303,77],{"class":69},[55,53305,111],{"class":73},[55,53307,1777],{"class":69},[55,53309,53310],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,53311,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,53313,53314,53316,53318,53320],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,53315,121],{"class":120},[55,53317,103],{"class":69},[55,53319,1057],{"class":99},[55,53321,114],{"class":69},[20,53323,302],{},[46,53325,53327],{"className":48,"code":53326,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53328,53329],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53330,53331,53333,53335,53337,53339,53341,53343,53345,53347,53349,53351,53353,53355,53357,53359,53361,53363,53365,53368,53370,53372,53374,53376,53378,53380],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53332,312],{"class":69},[55,53334,800],{"class":73},[55,53336,77],{"class":69},[55,53338,324],{"class":247},[55,53340,4009],{"class":251},[55,53342,315],{"class":247},[55,53344,77],{"class":69},[55,53346,4079],{"class":1312},[55,53348,77],{"class":69},[55,53350,10652],{"class":69},[55,53352,315],{"class":247},[55,53354,7829],{"class":251},[55,53356,315],{"class":247},[55,53358,153],{"class":69},[55,53360,324],{"class":247},[55,53362,7838],{"class":251},[55,53364,315],{"class":247},[55,53366,53367],{"class":69},"},",[55,53369,70],{"class":69},[55,53371,74],{"class":73},[55,53373,77],{"class":69},[55,53375,80],{"class":73},[55,53377,77],{"class":69},[55,53379,111],{"class":73},[55,53381,53382],{"class":69},"]]\n",[20,53384,53385,53386,42297,53388,44],{},"A list added with ",[15,53387,42],{},[1966,53389,53390],{},"one single item",[46,53392,53394],{"className":48,"code":53393,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53395,53396,53412,53430,53434],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53397,53398,53400,53402,53404,53406,53408,53410],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53399,62],{"class":61},[55,53401,66],{"class":65},[55,53403,70],{"class":69},[55,53405,74],{"class":73},[55,53407,77],{"class":69},[55,53409,80],{"class":73},[55,53411,88],{"class":69},[55,53413,53414,53416,53418,53420,53422,53424,53426,53428],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,53415,94],{"class":61},[55,53417,44],{"class":69},[55,53419,1100],{"class":99},[55,53421,3149],{"class":69},[55,53423,2223],{"class":73},[55,53425,77],{"class":69},[55,53427,85],{"class":73},[55,53429,1777],{"class":69},[55,53431,53432],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,53433,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,53435,53436,53438,53440,53442],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,53437,121],{"class":120},[55,53439,103],{"class":69},[55,53441,94],{"class":99},[55,53443,114],{"class":69},[20,53445,302],{},[46,53447,53449],{"className":48,"code":53448,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53450,53451],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53452,53453,53455,53457,53459,53461,53463,53465,53467,53469,53471],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53454,312],{"class":69},[55,53456,74],{"class":73},[55,53458,77],{"class":69},[55,53460,80],{"class":73},[55,53462,77],{"class":69},[55,53464,70],{"class":69},[55,53466,2223],{"class":73},[55,53468,77],{"class":69},[55,53470,85],{"class":73},[55,53472,53382],{"class":69},[20,53474,2448,53475,53478],{},[15,53476,53477],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53480,53481,53482,53487],{},"This is different from ",[36,53483,53484],{"href":1823},[15,53485,53486],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[142,53489,53491],{"id":53490},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53493,53494],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[577,53496,8578,53498],{"id":53497},"using-append",[15,53499,42],{},[46,53501,53502],{"className":48,"code":53393,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,53503,53504,53520,53538,53542],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53505,53506,53508,53510,53512,53514,53516,53518],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53507,62],{"class":61},[55,53509,66],{"class":65},[55,53511,70],{"class":69},[55,53513,74],{"class":73},[55,53515,77],{"class":69},[55,53517,80],{"class":73},[55,53519,88],{"class":69},[55,53521,53522,53524,53526,53528,53530,53532,53534,53536],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,53523,94],{"class":61},[55,53525,44],{"class":69},[55,53527,1100],{"class":99},[55,53529,3149],{"class":69},[55,53531,2223],{"class":73},[55,53533,77],{"class":69},[55,53535,85],{"class":73},[55,53537,1777],{"class":69},[55,53539,53540],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,53541,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,53543,53544,53546,53548,53550],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,53545,121],{"class":120},[55,53547,103],{"class":69},[55,53549,94],{"class":99},[55,53551,114],{"class":69},[20,53553,302],{},[46,53555,53556],{"className":48,"code":53448,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,53557,53558],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53559,53560,53562,53564,53566,53568,53570,53572,53574,53576,53578],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53561,312],{"class":69},[55,53563,74],{"class":73},[55,53565,77],{"class":69},[55,53567,80],{"class":73},[55,53569,77],{"class":69},[55,53571,70],{"class":69},[55,53573,2223],{"class":73},[55,53575,77],{"class":69},[55,53577,85],{"class":73},[55,53579,53382],{"class":69},[577,53581,8578,53583],{"id":53582},"using-extend",[15,53584,1826],{},[46,53586,53588],{"className":48,"code":53587,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53589,53590,53606,53625,53629],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53591,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600,53602,53604],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53593,62],{"class":61},[55,53595,66],{"class":65},[55,53597,70],{"class":69},[55,53599,74],{"class":73},[55,53601,77],{"class":69},[55,53603,80],{"class":73},[55,53605,88],{"class":69},[55,53607,53608,53610,53612,53615,53617,53619,53621,53623],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,53609,94],{"class":61},[55,53611,44],{"class":69},[55,53613,53614],{"class":99},"extend",[55,53616,3149],{"class":69},[55,53618,2223],{"class":73},[55,53620,77],{"class":69},[55,53622,85],{"class":73},[55,53624,1777],{"class":69},[55,53626,53627],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,53628,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,53630,53631,53633,53635,53637],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,53632,121],{"class":120},[55,53634,103],{"class":69},[55,53636,94],{"class":99},[55,53638,114],{"class":69},[20,53640,302],{},[46,53642,53643],{"className":48,"code":647,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,53644,53645],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53646,53647,53649,53651,53653,53655,53657,53659,53661,53663],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53648,312],{"class":69},[55,53650,74],{"class":73},[55,53652,77],{"class":69},[55,53654,80],{"class":73},[55,53656,77],{"class":69},[55,53658,111],{"class":73},[55,53660,77],{"class":69},[55,53662,85],{"class":73},[55,53664,88],{"class":69},[20,53666,53667],{},"The difference:",[155,53669,53670,53676,53682,53687],{},[158,53671,53672,53675],{},[15,53673,53674],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[158,53677,53678,53681],{},[15,53679,53680],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[158,53683,31,53684,53686],{},[15,53685,42],{}," for one item",[158,53688,31,53689,53691],{},[15,53690,1826],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53693,53694,53695,44],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[36,53696,53697],{"href":1823},"Python list extend() method",[142,53699,1211],{"id":1210},[577,53701,53703],{"id":53702},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53705,1225],{},[46,53707,53709],{"className":48,"code":53708,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53710,53711,53731,53749,53753],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53712,53713,53715,53717,53719,53721,53723,53725,53727,53729],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53714,1026],{"class":61},[55,53716,66],{"class":65},[55,53718,70],{"class":69},[55,53720,74],{"class":73},[55,53722,77],{"class":69},[55,53724,80],{"class":73},[55,53726,77],{"class":69},[55,53728,111],{"class":73},[55,53730,88],{"class":69},[55,53732,53733,53735,53737,53739,53741,53743,53745,53747],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,53734,1026],{"class":61},[55,53736,66],{"class":65},[55,53738,6123],{"class":61},[55,53740,44],{"class":69},[55,53742,1100],{"class":99},[55,53744,103],{"class":69},[55,53746,2665],{"class":73},[55,53748,114],{"class":69},[55,53750,53751],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,53752,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,53754,53755,53757,53759,53761],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,53756,121],{"class":120},[55,53758,103],{"class":69},[55,53760,1057],{"class":99},[55,53762,114],{"class":69},[20,53764,302],{},[46,53766,53767],{"className":48,"code":1313,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,53768,53769],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53770,53771],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53772,1313],{"class":1312},[20,53774,12056],{},[155,53776,53777,53782,53788],{},[158,53778,53779,53781],{},[15,53780,42],{}," changes the list in place",[158,53783,53784,2558,53786],{},[15,53785,42],{},[15,53787,172],{},[158,53789,53790,53791,53794,53795],{},"So ",[15,53792,53793],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53796,172],{},[20,53798,10967],{},[46,53800,53802],{"className":48,"code":53801,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53803,53804,53824,53838,53842],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53805,53806,53808,53810,53812,53814,53816,53818,53820,53822],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53807,1026],{"class":61},[55,53809,66],{"class":65},[55,53811,70],{"class":69},[55,53813,74],{"class":73},[55,53815,77],{"class":69},[55,53817,80],{"class":73},[55,53819,77],{"class":69},[55,53821,111],{"class":73},[55,53823,88],{"class":69},[55,53825,53826,53828,53830,53832,53834,53836],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,53827,1057],{"class":61},[55,53829,44],{"class":69},[55,53831,1100],{"class":99},[55,53833,103],{"class":69},[55,53835,2665],{"class":73},[55,53837,114],{"class":69},[55,53839,53840],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,53841,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,53843,53844,53846,53848,53850],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,53845,121],{"class":120},[55,53847,103],{"class":69},[55,53849,1057],{"class":99},[55,53851,114],{"class":69},[20,53853,302],{},[46,53855,53856],{"className":48,"code":647,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,53857,53858],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53859,53860,53862,53864,53866,53868,53870,53872,53874,53876],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53861,312],{"class":69},[55,53863,74],{"class":73},[55,53865,77],{"class":69},[55,53867,80],{"class":73},[55,53869,77],{"class":69},[55,53871,111],{"class":73},[55,53873,77],{"class":69},[55,53875,85],{"class":73},[55,53877,88],{"class":69},[577,53879,53881],{"id":53880},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53883,19060],{},[46,53885,53887],{"className":48,"code":53886,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53888,53889,53913],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53890,53891,53893,53895,53897,53899,53901,53903,53905,53907,53909,53911],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53892,32027],{"class":61},[55,53894,66],{"class":65},[55,53896,70],{"class":69},[55,53898,74],{"class":73},[55,53900,77],{"class":69},[55,53902,80],{"class":73},[55,53904,13701],{"class":69},[55,53906,1100],{"class":99},[55,53908,103],{"class":69},[55,53910,2223],{"class":73},[55,53912,114],{"class":69},[55,53914,53915,53917,53919,53921],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,53916,121],{"class":120},[55,53918,103],{"class":69},[55,53920,32046],{"class":99},[55,53922,114],{"class":69},[20,53924,302],{},[46,53926,53927],{"className":48,"code":1313,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,53928,53929],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53930,53931],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53932,1313],{"class":1312},[20,53934,53935,53936,53938],{},"Remember: ",[15,53937,42],{}," updates the list you already have.",[577,53940,53942],{"id":53941},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[46,53944,53945],{"className":48,"code":53393,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,53946,53947,53963,53981,53985],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53948,53949,53951,53953,53955,53957,53959,53961],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53950,62],{"class":61},[55,53952,66],{"class":65},[55,53954,70],{"class":69},[55,53956,74],{"class":73},[55,53958,77],{"class":69},[55,53960,80],{"class":73},[55,53962,88],{"class":69},[55,53964,53965,53967,53969,53971,53973,53975,53977,53979],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,53966,94],{"class":61},[55,53968,44],{"class":69},[55,53970,1100],{"class":99},[55,53972,3149],{"class":69},[55,53974,2223],{"class":73},[55,53976,77],{"class":69},[55,53978,85],{"class":73},[55,53980,1777],{"class":69},[55,53982,53983],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,53984,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,53986,53987,53989,53991,53993],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,53988,121],{"class":120},[55,53990,103],{"class":69},[55,53992,94],{"class":99},[55,53994,114],{"class":69},[20,53996,302],{},[46,53998,53999],{"className":48,"code":53448,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,54000,54001],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54002,54003,54005,54007,54009,54011,54013,54015,54017,54019,54021],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54004,312],{"class":69},[55,54006,74],{"class":73},[55,54008,77],{"class":69},[55,54010,80],{"class":73},[55,54012,77],{"class":69},[55,54014,70],{"class":69},[55,54016,2223],{"class":73},[55,54018,77],{"class":69},[55,54020,85],{"class":73},[55,54022,53382],{"class":69},[20,54024,3333,54025,54028,54029,6790],{},[15,54026,54027],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54030,1826],{},[577,54032,54034],{"id":54033},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54036,54037,54039],{},[15,54038,42],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54041,54042,54043,44],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[36,54044,54046],{"href":54045},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54047,24],{},[20,54049,230],{},[46,54051,54053],{"className":48,"code":54052,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54054,54055,54079,54101,54105],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54056,54057,54059,54061,54063,54065,54067,54069,54071,54073,54075,54077],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54058,240],{"class":61},[55,54060,66],{"class":65},[55,54062,70],{"class":69},[55,54064,248],{"class":247},[55,54066,36],{"class":251},[55,54068,248],{"class":247},[55,54070,77],{"class":69},[55,54072,258],{"class":247},[55,54074,261],{"class":251},[55,54076,248],{"class":247},[55,54078,88],{"class":69},[55,54080,54081,54083,54085,54087,54089,54091,54093,54095,54097,54099],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,54082,270],{"class":61},[55,54084,44],{"class":69},[55,54086,100],{"class":99},[55,54088,103],{"class":69},[55,54090,74],{"class":73},[55,54092,77],{"class":69},[55,54094,258],{"class":247},[55,54096,285],{"class":251},[55,54098,248],{"class":247},[55,54100,114],{"class":69},[55,54102,54103],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,54104,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,54106,54107,54109,54111,54113],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,54108,121],{"class":120},[55,54110,103],{"class":69},[55,54112,270],{"class":99},[55,54114,114],{"class":69},[20,54116,302],{},[46,54118,54119],{"className":48,"code":305,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,54120,54121],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54122,54123,54125,54127,54129,54131,54133,54135,54137,54139,54141,54143,54145,54147],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54124,312],{"class":69},[55,54126,315],{"class":247},[55,54128,36],{"class":251},[55,54130,315],{"class":247},[55,54132,77],{"class":69},[55,54134,324],{"class":247},[55,54136,285],{"class":251},[55,54138,315],{"class":247},[55,54140,77],{"class":69},[55,54142,324],{"class":247},[55,54144,261],{"class":251},[55,54146,315],{"class":247},[55,54148,88],{"class":69},[142,54150,54152],{"id":54151},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54154,54155,54157],{},[15,54156,42],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54159,1947],{},[155,54161,54162,54165,54168,54171],{},[158,54163,54164],{},"building a list in a loop",[158,54166,54167],{},"collecting user input",[158,54169,54170],{},"storing results step by step",[158,54172,54173],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54175,54176],{},"Example with a loop:",[46,54178,54180],{"className":48,"code":54179,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54181,54182,54191,54195,54216,54235,54239],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54183,54184,54187,54189],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54185,54186],{"class":61},"squares ",[55,54188,66],{"class":65},[55,54190,7999],{"class":69},[55,54192,54193],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,54194,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,54196,54197,54199,54201,54203,54206,54208,54210,54212,54214],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,54198,6115],{"class":4040},[55,54200,6545],{"class":61},[55,54202,4047],{"class":4040},[55,54204,54205],{"class":120}," range",[55,54207,103],{"class":69},[55,54209,74],{"class":73},[55,54211,77],{"class":69},[55,54213,4766],{"class":73},[55,54215,8502],{"class":69},[55,54217,54218,54221,54223,54225,54227,54229,54231,54233],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,54219,54220],{"class":61},"    squares",[55,54222,44],{"class":69},[55,54224,1100],{"class":99},[55,54226,103],{"class":69},[55,54228,2380],{"class":99},[55,54230,40013],{"class":65},[55,54232,2360],{"class":99},[55,54234,114],{"class":69},[55,54236,54237],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,54238,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,54240,54241,54243,54245,54248],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,54242,121],{"class":120},[55,54244,103],{"class":69},[55,54246,54247],{"class":99},"squares",[55,54249,114],{"class":69},[20,54251,302],{},[46,54253,54255],{"className":48,"code":54254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54256,54257],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54258,54259,54261,54263,54265,54267,54269,54272,54274,54276],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54260,312],{"class":69},[55,54262,74],{"class":73},[55,54264,77],{"class":69},[55,54266,85],{"class":73},[55,54268,77],{"class":69},[55,54270,54271],{"class":73}," 9",[55,54273,77],{"class":69},[55,54275,14138],{"class":73},[55,54277,88],{"class":69},[142,54279,1986],{"id":1985},[577,54281,54283],{"id":54282},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54285,46508,54286,1338,54288,44],{},[15,54287,42],{},[15,54289,172],{},[577,54291,54293],{"id":54292},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54295,54296,54297,44],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[36,54298,54299],{"href":1823},[15,54300,1826],{},[577,54302,54304],{"id":54303},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54306,54307],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54309,230],{},[46,54311,54313],{"className":48,"code":54312,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54314,54315,54331,54349,54353],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54316,54317,54319,54321,54323,54325,54327,54329],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54318,9327],{"class":61},[55,54320,66],{"class":65},[55,54322,70],{"class":69},[55,54324,74],{"class":73},[55,54326,77],{"class":69},[55,54328,80],{"class":73},[55,54330,88],{"class":69},[55,54332,54333,54335,54337,54339,54341,54343,54345,54347],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,54334,9366],{"class":61},[55,54336,44],{"class":69},[55,54338,1100],{"class":99},[55,54340,3149],{"class":69},[55,54342,2223],{"class":73},[55,54344,77],{"class":69},[55,54346,85],{"class":73},[55,54348,1777],{"class":69},[55,54350,54351],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,54352,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,54354,54355,54357,54359,54361],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,54356,121],{"class":120},[55,54358,103],{"class":69},[55,54360,9366],{"class":99},[55,54362,114],{"class":69},[20,54364,302],{},[46,54366,54367],{"className":48,"code":53448,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,54368,54369],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54370,54371,54373,54375,54377,54379,54381,54383,54385,54387,54389],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54372,312],{"class":69},[55,54374,74],{"class":73},[55,54376,77],{"class":69},[55,54378,80],{"class":73},[55,54380,77],{"class":69},[55,54382,70],{"class":69},[55,54384,2223],{"class":73},[55,54386,77],{"class":69},[55,54388,85],{"class":73},[55,54390,53382],{"class":69},[577,54392,54394],{"id":54393},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54396,54397,54399,54400,54402],{},[15,54398,42],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54401,17],{}," adds at a specific position.",[142,54404,2039],{"id":2038},[155,54406,54407,54411,54415,54420,54424],{},[158,54408,54409],{},[36,54410,2058],{"href":1206},[158,54412,54413],{},[36,54414,53697],{"href":1823},[158,54416,54417],{},[36,54418,54419],{"href":54045},"Python list insert() method",[158,54421,54422],{},[36,54423,2063],{"href":974},[158,54425,54426],{},[36,54427,54428],{"href":2073},"Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2080,54430,54431],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":54433},[54434,54435,54436,54437,54438,54439,54445,54451,54452,54458],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":52874,"depth":91,"text":52875},{"id":181,"depth":91,"text":182},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":53192,"depth":91,"text":53193},{"id":53490,"depth":91,"text":53491,"children":54440},[54441,54443],{"id":53497,"depth":117,"text":54442},"Using append()",{"id":53582,"depth":117,"text":54444},"Using extend()",{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":54446},[54447,54448,54449,54450],{"id":53702,"depth":117,"text":53703},{"id":53880,"depth":117,"text":53881},{"id":53941,"depth":117,"text":53942},{"id":54033,"depth":117,"text":54034},{"id":54151,"depth":91,"text":54152},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":54453},[54454,54455,54456,54457],{"id":54282,"depth":117,"text":54283},{"id":54292,"depth":117,"text":54293},{"id":54303,"depth":117,"text":54304},{"id":54393,"depth":117,"text":54394},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52787,"description":54459},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54466,"title":54467,"body":54468,"description":55708,"extension":2124,"meta":55709,"navigation":428,"path":55710,"seo":55711,"stem":55712,"__hash__":55713},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54469,"toc":55673},[54470,54475,54481,54487,54489,54537,54542,54547,54551,54566,54572,54574,54577,54592,54594,54605,54607,54609,54666,54668,54676,54678,54694,54700,54702,54708,54712,54796,54799,54848,54855,54863,54866,54880,54893,54899,54974,54981,54988,55062,55070,55073,55084,55093,55097,55101,55112,55114,55191,55212,55214,55224,55227,55275,55277,55298,55301,55303,55354,55360,55367,55434,55440,55446,55449,55476,55481,55487,55490,55562,55565,55576,55582,55584,55590,55593,55598,55604,55611,55619,55625,55631,55633,55670],[10,54471,13,54473,18],{"id":54472},"python-list-clear-method",[15,54474,11481],{},[20,54476,54477,54480],{},[15,54478,54479],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54482,54483,54484,54486],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[1966,54485,11493],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[142,54488,3774],{"id":3773},[46,54490,54492],{"className":48,"code":54491,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54493,54494,54514,54524],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54495,54496,54498,54500,54502,54504,54506,54508,54510,54512],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54497,1026],{"class":61},[55,54499,66],{"class":65},[55,54501,70],{"class":69},[55,54503,74],{"class":73},[55,54505,77],{"class":69},[55,54507,80],{"class":73},[55,54509,77],{"class":69},[55,54511,111],{"class":73},[55,54513,88],{"class":69},[55,54515,54516,54518,54520,54522],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,54517,1057],{"class":61},[55,54519,44],{"class":69},[55,54521,11542],{"class":99},[55,54523,8804],{"class":69},[55,54525,54526,54528,54530,54532,54534],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,54527,121],{"class":120},[55,54529,103],{"class":69},[55,54531,1057],{"class":99},[55,54533,3825],{"class":69},[55,54535,54536],{"class":133},"  # []\n",[20,54538,31,54539,54541],{},[15,54540,11481],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[142,54543,145,54545,148],{"id":54544},"what-listclear-does",[15,54546,54479],{},[20,54548,54549,153],{},[15,54550,54479],{},[155,54552,54553,54556,54558,54563],{},[158,54554,54555],{},"Removes every item from a list",[158,54557,166],{},[158,54559,54560,54561],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54562,3950],{},[158,54564,54565],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54567,54568,54569,54571],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54570,11481],{},", but it contains no values.",[142,54573,2319],{"id":2318},[20,54575,54576],{},"Syntax:",[46,54578,54580],{"className":48,"code":54579,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54581,54582],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54583,54584,54586,54588,54590],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54585,192],{"class":61},[55,54587,44],{"class":69},[55,54589,11542],{"class":99},[55,54591,8804],{"class":69},[20,54593,11617],{},[155,54595,54596,54599,54602],{},[158,54597,54598],{},"Call it on a list object",[158,54600,54601],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[158,54603,54604],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[142,54606,11634],{"id":11633},[20,54608,11637],{},[46,54610,54612],{"className":48,"code":54611,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54613,54614,54638,54642,54652,54656],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54615,54616,54618,54620,54622,54624,54626,54628,54630,54632,54634,54636],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54617,62],{"class":61},[55,54619,66],{"class":65},[55,54621,70],{"class":69},[55,54623,800],{"class":73},[55,54625,77],{"class":69},[55,54627,7951],{"class":73},[55,54629,77],{"class":69},[55,54631,7956],{"class":73},[55,54633,77],{"class":69},[55,54635,50988],{"class":73},[55,54637,88],{"class":69},[55,54639,54640],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,54641,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,54643,54644,54646,54648,54650],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,54645,94],{"class":61},[55,54647,44],{"class":69},[55,54649,11542],{"class":99},[55,54651,8804],{"class":69},[55,54653,54654],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,54655,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,54657,54658,54660,54662,54664],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,54659,121],{"class":120},[55,54661,103],{"class":69},[55,54663,94],{"class":99},[55,54665,114],{"class":69},[20,54667,302],{},[46,54669,54670],{"className":48,"code":38437,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,54671,54672],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54673,54674],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54675,38437],{"class":69},[20,54677,11840],{},[155,54679,54680,54685,54691],{},[158,54681,54682,54684],{},[15,54683,94],{}," starts with four items",[158,54686,54687,54690],{},[15,54688,54689],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[158,54692,54693],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54695,54696,54697,44],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[36,54698,2063],{"href":54699},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[142,54701,17569],{"id":17568},[20,54703,54704,2558,54706,44],{},[15,54705,11481],{},[15,54707,172],{},[20,54709,41047,54710,52811],{},[1966,54711,1968],{},[46,54713,54715],{"className":48,"code":54714,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54716,54717,54749,54753,54767,54771,54784],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54718,54719,54721,54723,54725,54727,54729,54731,54733,54735,54737,54739,54741,54743,54745,54747],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54720,1026],{"class":61},[55,54722,66],{"class":65},[55,54724,70],{"class":69},[55,54726,248],{"class":247},[55,54728,36],{"class":251},[55,54730,248],{"class":247},[55,54732,77],{"class":69},[55,54734,258],{"class":247},[55,54736,285],{"class":251},[55,54738,248],{"class":247},[55,54740,77],{"class":69},[55,54742,258],{"class":247},[55,54744,261],{"class":251},[55,54746,248],{"class":247},[55,54748,88],{"class":69},[55,54750,54751],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,54752,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,54754,54755,54757,54759,54761,54763,54765],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,54756,1255],{"class":61},[55,54758,66],{"class":65},[55,54760,6123],{"class":61},[55,54762,44],{"class":69},[55,54764,11542],{"class":99},[55,54766,8804],{"class":69},[55,54768,54769],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,54770,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,54772,54773,54775,54777,54779,54781],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,54774,121],{"class":120},[55,54776,103],{"class":69},[55,54778,1057],{"class":99},[55,54780,3825],{"class":69},[55,54782,54783],{"class":133},"   # []\n",[55,54785,54786,54788,54790,54792,54794],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,54787,121],{"class":120},[55,54789,103],{"class":69},[55,54791,1288],{"class":99},[55,54793,3825],{"class":69},[55,54795,21022],{"class":133},[20,54797,54798],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[46,54800,54802],{"className":48,"code":54801,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54803,54804,54824,54838],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54805,54806,54808,54810,54812,54814,54816,54818,54820,54822],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54807,1026],{"class":61},[55,54809,66],{"class":65},[55,54811,70],{"class":69},[55,54813,74],{"class":73},[55,54815,77],{"class":69},[55,54817,80],{"class":73},[55,54819,77],{"class":69},[55,54821,111],{"class":73},[55,54823,88],{"class":69},[55,54825,54826,54828,54830,54832,54834,54836],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,54827,1026],{"class":61},[55,54829,66],{"class":65},[55,54831,6123],{"class":61},[55,54833,44],{"class":69},[55,54835,11542],{"class":99},[55,54837,8804],{"class":69},[55,54839,54840,54842,54844,54846],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,54841,121],{"class":120},[55,54843,103],{"class":69},[55,54845,1057],{"class":99},[55,54847,114],{"class":69},[20,54849,12072,54850,42297,54852,54854],{},[15,54851,1057],{},[15,54853,172],{},", not an empty list.",[142,54856,54858,54860,54861],{"id":54857},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54859,11481],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54862,3950],{},[20,54864,54865],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[46,54867,54868],{"className":48,"code":54579,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,54869,54870],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54871,54872,54874,54876,54878],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54873,192],{"class":61},[55,54875,44],{"class":69},[55,54877,11542],{"class":99},[55,54879,8804],{"class":69},[46,54881,54883],{"className":48,"code":54882,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = []\n",[15,54884,54885],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54886,54887,54889,54891],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54888,8469],{"class":61},[55,54890,66],{"class":65},[55,54892,7999],{"class":69},[577,54894,54896,54898],{"id":54895},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54897,11481],{}," empties the same list object",[46,54900,54902],{"className":48,"code":54901,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54903,54904,54924,54932,54936,54946,54950,54962],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54905,54906,54908,54910,54912,54914,54916,54918,54920,54922],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54907,2715],{"class":61},[55,54909,66],{"class":65},[55,54911,70],{"class":69},[55,54913,74],{"class":73},[55,54915,77],{"class":69},[55,54917,80],{"class":73},[55,54919,77],{"class":69},[55,54921,111],{"class":73},[55,54923,88],{"class":69},[55,54925,54926,54928,54930],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,54927,2743],{"class":61},[55,54929,66],{"class":65},[55,54931,36314],{"class":61},[55,54933,54934],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,54935,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,54937,54938,54940,54942,54944],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,54939,36],{"class":61},[55,54941,44],{"class":69},[55,54943,11542],{"class":99},[55,54945,8804],{"class":69},[55,54947,54948],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,54949,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,54951,54952,54954,54956,54958,54960],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,54953,121],{"class":120},[55,54955,103],{"class":69},[55,54957,36],{"class":99},[55,54959,3825],{"class":69},[55,54961,54536],{"class":133},[55,54963,54964,54966,54968,54970,54972],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,54965,121],{"class":120},[55,54967,103],{"class":69},[55,54969,285],{"class":99},[55,54971,3825],{"class":69},[55,54973,54536],{"class":133},[20,54975,10751,54976,352,54978,54980],{},[15,54977,36],{},[15,54979,285],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[577,54982,54984,54987],{"id":54983},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54985,54986],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[46,54989,54991],{"className":48,"code":54990,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54992,54993,55013,55021,55025,55033,55037,55049],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54994,54995,54997,54999,55001,55003,55005,55007,55009,55011],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54996,2715],{"class":61},[55,54998,66],{"class":65},[55,55000,70],{"class":69},[55,55002,74],{"class":73},[55,55004,77],{"class":69},[55,55006,80],{"class":73},[55,55008,77],{"class":69},[55,55010,111],{"class":73},[55,55012,88],{"class":69},[55,55014,55015,55017,55019],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,55016,2743],{"class":61},[55,55018,66],{"class":65},[55,55020,36314],{"class":61},[55,55022,55023],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,55024,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,55026,55027,55029,55031],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,55028,2715],{"class":61},[55,55030,66],{"class":65},[55,55032,7999],{"class":69},[55,55034,55035],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,55036,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,55038,55039,55041,55043,55045,55047],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,55040,121],{"class":120},[55,55042,103],{"class":69},[55,55044,36],{"class":99},[55,55046,3825],{"class":69},[55,55048,54536],{"class":133},[55,55050,55051,55053,55055,55057,55059],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,55052,121],{"class":120},[55,55054,103],{"class":69},[55,55056,285],{"class":99},[55,55058,3825],{"class":69},[55,55060,55061],{"class":133},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55063,341,55064,55066,55067,55069],{},[15,55065,36],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55068,285],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55071,55072],{},"This difference matters when:",[155,55074,55075,55078,55081],{},[158,55076,55077],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[158,55079,55080],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[158,55082,55083],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55085,55086,55087,44],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[36,55088,55090,55091,43],{"href":55089},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55092,12932],{},[142,55094,1937,55095],{"id":12594},[15,55096,11481],{},[20,55098,31,55099,6476],{},[15,55100,11481],{},[155,55102,55103,55106,55109],{},[158,55104,55105],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[158,55107,55108],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[158,55110,55111],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55113,230],{},[46,55115,55117],{"className":48,"code":55116,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55118,55119,55155,55159,55164,55175,55179],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55120,55121,55124,55126,55128,55130,55133,55135,55137,55139,55142,55144,55146,55148,55151,55153],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55122,55123],{"class":61},"shopping_cart ",[55,55125,66],{"class":65},[55,55127,70],{"class":69},[55,55129,248],{"class":247},[55,55131,55132],{"class":251},"milk",[55,55134,248],{"class":247},[55,55136,77],{"class":69},[55,55138,258],{"class":247},[55,55140,55141],{"class":251},"bread",[55,55143,248],{"class":247},[55,55145,77],{"class":69},[55,55147,258],{"class":247},[55,55149,55150],{"class":251},"eggs",[55,55152,248],{"class":247},[55,55154,88],{"class":69},[55,55156,55157],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,55158,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,55160,55161],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,55162,55163],{"class":133},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[55,55165,55166,55169,55171,55173],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,55167,55168],{"class":61},"shopping_cart",[55,55170,44],{"class":69},[55,55172,11542],{"class":99},[55,55174,8804],{"class":69},[55,55176,55177],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,55178,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,55180,55181,55183,55185,55187,55189],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,55182,121],{"class":120},[55,55184,103],{"class":69},[55,55186,55168],{"class":99},[55,55188,3825],{"class":69},[55,55190,54536],{"class":133},[20,55192,55193,55194,55198,55199,55205,55206,44],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[36,55195,55197],{"href":55196},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[36,55200,55202,43],{"href":55201},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55203,55204],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[36,55207,55209,43],{"href":55208},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55210,55211],{},"list.pop()",[142,55213,1211],{"id":1210},[577,55215,55217,55218,11252,55221],{"id":55216},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55219,55220],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55222,55223],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55225,55226],{},"This does not call the method.",[46,55228,55230],{"className":48,"code":55229,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55231,55232,55252,55256,55265],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55233,55234,55236,55238,55240,55242,55244,55246,55248,55250],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55235,1026],{"class":61},[55,55237,66],{"class":65},[55,55239,70],{"class":69},[55,55241,74],{"class":73},[55,55243,77],{"class":69},[55,55245,80],{"class":73},[55,55247,77],{"class":69},[55,55249,111],{"class":73},[55,55251,88],{"class":69},[55,55253,55254],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,55255,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,55257,55258,55260,55262],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,55259,1057],{"class":61},[55,55261,44],{"class":69},[55,55263,55264],{"class":1880},"clear\n",[55,55266,55267,55269,55271,55273],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,55268,121],{"class":120},[55,55270,103],{"class":69},[55,55272,1057],{"class":99},[55,55274,114],{"class":69},[20,55276,302],{},[46,55278,55280],{"className":48,"code":55279,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55281,55282],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55283,55284,55286,55288,55290,55292,55294,55296],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55285,312],{"class":69},[55,55287,74],{"class":73},[55,55289,77],{"class":69},[55,55291,80],{"class":73},[55,55293,77],{"class":69},[55,55295,111],{"class":73},[55,55297,88],{"class":69},[20,55299,55300],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55302,10967],{},[46,55304,55306],{"className":48,"code":55305,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55307,55308,55328,55332,55342],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55309,55310,55312,55314,55316,55318,55320,55322,55324,55326],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55311,1026],{"class":61},[55,55313,66],{"class":65},[55,55315,70],{"class":69},[55,55317,74],{"class":73},[55,55319,77],{"class":69},[55,55321,80],{"class":73},[55,55323,77],{"class":69},[55,55325,111],{"class":73},[55,55327,88],{"class":69},[55,55329,55330],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,55331,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,55333,55334,55336,55338,55340],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,55335,1057],{"class":61},[55,55337,44],{"class":69},[55,55339,11542],{"class":99},[55,55341,8804],{"class":69},[55,55343,55344,55346,55348,55350,55352],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,55345,121],{"class":120},[55,55347,103],{"class":69},[55,55349,1057],{"class":99},[55,55351,3825],{"class":69},[55,55353,54536],{"class":133},[577,55355,1553,55357,55359],{"id":55356},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55358,11481],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55361,55362,2558,55364,55366],{},[15,55363,11481],{},[15,55365,172],{},", not the list.",[46,55368,55370],{"className":48,"code":55369,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55371,55372,55392,55406,55410,55422],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55373,55374,55376,55378,55380,55382,55384,55386,55388,55390],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55375,1026],{"class":61},[55,55377,66],{"class":65},[55,55379,70],{"class":69},[55,55381,74],{"class":73},[55,55383,77],{"class":69},[55,55385,80],{"class":73},[55,55387,77],{"class":69},[55,55389,111],{"class":73},[55,55391,88],{"class":69},[55,55393,55394,55396,55398,55400,55402,55404],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,55395,1255],{"class":61},[55,55397,66],{"class":65},[55,55399,6123],{"class":61},[55,55401,44],{"class":69},[55,55403,11542],{"class":99},[55,55405,8804],{"class":69},[55,55407,55408],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,55409,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,55411,55412,55414,55416,55418,55420],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,55413,121],{"class":120},[55,55415,103],{"class":69},[55,55417,1288],{"class":99},[55,55419,3825],{"class":69},[55,55421,21022],{"class":133},[55,55423,55424,55426,55428,55430,55432],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,55425,121],{"class":120},[55,55427,103],{"class":69},[55,55429,1057],{"class":99},[55,55431,3825],{"class":69},[55,55433,54783],{"class":133},[577,55435,8578,55437,55439],{"id":55436},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55438,11481],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55441,55442,55443,55445],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55444,11481],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55447,55448],{},"This will fail:",[46,55450,55452],{"className":48,"code":55451,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55453,55454,55466],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55455,55456,55458,55460,55462,55464],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55457,34829],{"class":61},[55,55459,66],{"class":65},[55,55461,258],{"class":247},[55,55463,4009],{"class":251},[55,55465,3522],{"class":247},[55,55467,55468,55470,55472,55474],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,55469,34850],{"class":61},[55,55471,44],{"class":69},[55,55473,11542],{"class":99},[55,55475,8804],{"class":69},[20,55477,55478,55479,33744],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55480,11481],{},[20,55482,55483,55484,55486],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55485,172],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55488,55489],{},"Useful checks:",[46,55491,55493],{"className":48,"code":55492,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55494,55495,55505,55519,55533,55542,55552],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55496,55497,55499,55501,55503],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55498,121],{"class":120},[55,55500,103],{"class":69},[55,55502,192],{"class":99},[55,55504,114],{"class":69},[55,55506,55507,55509,55511,55513,55515,55517],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,55508,121],{"class":120},[55,55510,103],{"class":69},[55,55512,1910],{"class":1898},[55,55514,103],{"class":69},[55,55516,192],{"class":99},[55,55518,1867],{"class":69},[55,55520,55521,55523,55525,55527,55529,55531],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,55522,121],{"class":120},[55,55524,103],{"class":69},[55,55526,12805],{"class":120},[55,55528,103],{"class":69},[55,55530,192],{"class":99},[55,55532,1867],{"class":69},[55,55534,55535,55537,55539],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,55536,43691],{"class":61},[55,55538,66],{"class":65},[55,55540,55541],{"class":61}," my_list\n",[55,55543,55544,55546,55548,55550],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,55545,192],{"class":61},[55,55547,44],{"class":69},[55,55549,11542],{"class":99},[55,55551,8804],{"class":69},[55,55553,55554,55556,55558,55560],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,55555,121],{"class":120},[55,55557,103],{"class":69},[55,55559,30887],{"class":99},[55,55561,114],{"class":69},[20,55563,55564],{},"These can help you see:",[155,55566,55567,55570,55573],{},[158,55568,55569],{},"What the variable currently contains",[158,55571,55572],{},"Whether it is really a list",[158,55574,55575],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55577,55578,55579,44],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[36,55580,55581],{"href":2073},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[142,55583,1986],{"id":1985},[577,55585,1990,55587,55589],{"id":55586},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55588,54479],{}," delete the list?",[20,55591,55592],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[577,55594,1990,55596,1993],{"id":55595},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55597,54479],{},[20,55599,55600,55601,55603],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55602,172],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[577,55605,2022,55607,352,55609,2027],{"id":55606},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55608,11481],{},[15,55610,54986],{},[20,55612,55613,55615,55616,55618],{},[15,55614,11481],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55617,54986],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[577,55620,28473,55622,55624],{"id":55621},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55623,11481],{}," on other types?",[20,55626,55627,55628,55630],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55629,11481],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[142,55632,2039],{"id":2038},[155,55634,55635,55639,55644,55650,55657,55663],{},[158,55636,55637],{},[36,55638,2063],{"href":54699},[158,55640,55641],{},[36,55642,55643],{"href":55196},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[158,55645,55646],{},[36,55647,39,55648,43],{"href":55208},[15,55649,12918],{},[158,55651,55652],{},[36,55653,39,55654,43],{"href":55201},[15,55655,55656],{},"remove()",[158,55658,55659],{},[36,55660,39,55661,43],{"href":55089},[15,55662,12932],{},[158,55664,55665],{},[36,55666,2074,55667,2078],{"href":2073},[15,55668,55669],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2080,55671,55672],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":55674},[55675,55676,55678,55679,55680,55681,55688,55689,55697,55707],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":54544,"depth":91,"text":55677},"What list.clear() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":17568,"depth":91,"text":17569},{"id":54857,"depth":91,"text":55682,"children":55683},"clear() vs assigning []",[55684,55686],{"id":54895,"depth":117,"text":55685},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54983,"depth":117,"text":55687},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12594,"depth":91,"text":12964},{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":55690},[55691,55693,55695],{"id":55216,"depth":117,"text":55692},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55356,"depth":117,"text":55694},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55436,"depth":117,"text":55696},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":55698},[55699,55701,55703,55705],{"id":55586,"depth":117,"text":55700},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55595,"depth":117,"text":55702},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55606,"depth":117,"text":55704},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55621,"depth":117,"text":55706},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54467,"description":55708},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55715,"title":55716,"body":55717,"description":57397,"extension":2124,"meta":57398,"navigation":428,"path":57399,"seo":57400,"stem":57401,"__hash__":57402},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55718,"toc":57365},[55719,55724,55730,55738,55740,55829,55836,55841,55845,55859,55861,55938,55940,56001,56004,56006,56008,56028,56031,56045,56048,56093,56095,56103,56106,56112,56118,56121,56198,56200,56245,56248,56253,56336,56338,56379,56384,56388,56394,56396,56404,56407,56500,56502,56560,56563,56579,56584,56594,56599,56601,56606,56611,56614,56616,56673,56676,56729,56735,56740,56744,56761,56763,56847,56849,56890,56897,56899,56904,56910,56912,56975,56980,57050,57054,57089,57092,57094,57133,57137,57213,57219,57225,57230,57252,57255,57274,57280,57282,57288,57291,57298,57306,57311,57314,57318,57324,57332,57335,57337,57362],[10,55720,13,55722,18],{"id":55721},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55723,12932],{},[20,55725,55726,55729],{},[15,55727,55728],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55731,55732,55733,14204,55735,55737],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55734,66],{},[1966,55736,1968],{}," make a real copy.",[142,55739,2165],{"id":2164},[46,55741,55743],{"className":48,"code":55742,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55744,55745,55765,55780,55784,55799,55803,55816],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55746,55747,55749,55751,55753,55755,55757,55759,55761,55763],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55748,62],{"class":61},[55,55750,66],{"class":65},[55,55752,70],{"class":69},[55,55754,74],{"class":73},[55,55756,77],{"class":69},[55,55758,80],{"class":73},[55,55760,77],{"class":69},[55,55762,111],{"class":73},[55,55764,88],{"class":69},[55,55766,55767,55770,55772,55774,55776,55778],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,55768,55769],{"class":61},"new_numbers ",[55,55771,66],{"class":65},[55,55773,1260],{"class":61},[55,55775,44],{"class":69},[55,55777,13067],{"class":99},[55,55779,8804],{"class":69},[55,55781,55782],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,55783,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,55785,55786,55789,55791,55793,55795,55797],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,55787,55788],{"class":61},"new_numbers",[55,55790,44],{"class":69},[55,55792,1100],{"class":99},[55,55794,103],{"class":69},[55,55796,2665],{"class":73},[55,55798,114],{"class":69},[55,55800,55801],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,55802,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,55804,55805,55807,55809,55811,55813],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,55806,121],{"class":120},[55,55808,103],{"class":69},[55,55810,94],{"class":99},[55,55812,3825],{"class":69},[55,55814,55815],{"class":133},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[55,55817,55818,55820,55822,55824,55826],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,55819,121],{"class":120},[55,55821,103],{"class":69},[55,55823,55788],{"class":99},[55,55825,3825],{"class":69},[55,55827,55828],{"class":133},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55830,31,55831,55833,55834,44],{},[15,55832,55728],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[1966,55835,13006],{},[142,55837,145,55839,148],{"id":55838},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55840,55728],{},[20,55842,55843,153],{},[15,55844,55728],{},[155,55846,55847,55850,55853,55856],{},[158,55848,55849],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[158,55851,55852],{},"Returns that new list",[158,55854,55855],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[158,55857,55858],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55860,230],{},[46,55862,55864],{"className":48,"code":55863,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55865,55866,55898,55913,55917,55927],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55867,55868,55870,55872,55874,55876,55878,55880,55882,55884,55886,55888,55890,55892,55894,55896],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55869,36378],{"class":61},[55,55871,66],{"class":65},[55,55873,70],{"class":69},[55,55875,248],{"class":247},[55,55877,1035],{"class":251},[55,55879,248],{"class":247},[55,55881,77],{"class":69},[55,55883,258],{"class":247},[55,55885,1072],{"class":251},[55,55887,248],{"class":247},[55,55889,77],{"class":69},[55,55891,258],{"class":247},[55,55893,1044],{"class":251},[55,55895,248],{"class":247},[55,55897,88],{"class":69},[55,55899,55900,55903,55905,55907,55909,55911],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,55901,55902],{"class":61},"copied_fruits ",[55,55904,66],{"class":65},[55,55906,52993],{"class":61},[55,55908,44],{"class":69},[55,55910,13067],{"class":99},[55,55912,8804],{"class":69},[55,55914,55915],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,55916,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,55918,55919,55921,55923,55925],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,55920,121],{"class":120},[55,55922,103],{"class":69},[55,55924,36430],{"class":99},[55,55926,114],{"class":69},[55,55928,55929,55931,55933,55936],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,55930,121],{"class":120},[55,55932,103],{"class":69},[55,55934,55935],{"class":99},"copied_fruits",[55,55937,114],{"class":69},[20,55939,302],{},[46,55941,55943],{"className":48,"code":55942,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55944,55945,55973],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55946,55947,55949,55951,55953,55955,55957,55959,55961,55963,55965,55967,55969,55971],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55948,312],{"class":69},[55,55950,315],{"class":247},[55,55952,1035],{"class":251},[55,55954,315],{"class":247},[55,55956,77],{"class":69},[55,55958,324],{"class":247},[55,55960,1072],{"class":251},[55,55962,315],{"class":247},[55,55964,77],{"class":69},[55,55966,324],{"class":247},[55,55968,1044],{"class":251},[55,55970,315],{"class":247},[55,55972,88],{"class":69},[55,55974,55975,55977,55979,55981,55983,55985,55987,55989,55991,55993,55995,55997,55999],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,55976,312],{"class":69},[55,55978,315],{"class":247},[55,55980,1035],{"class":251},[55,55982,315],{"class":247},[55,55984,77],{"class":69},[55,55986,324],{"class":247},[55,55988,1072],{"class":251},[55,55990,315],{"class":247},[55,55992,77],{"class":69},[55,55994,324],{"class":247},[55,55996,1044],{"class":251},[55,55998,315],{"class":247},[55,56000,88],{"class":69},[20,56002,56003],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[142,56005,2319],{"id":2318},[20,56007,2322],{},[46,56009,56011],{"className":48,"code":56010,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56012,56013],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56014,56015,56017,56019,56022,56024,56026],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56016,1353],{"class":61},[55,56018,66],{"class":65},[55,56020,56021],{"class":61}," old_list",[55,56023,44],{"class":69},[55,56025,13067],{"class":99},[55,56027,8804],{"class":69},[20,56029,56030],{},"How it works:",[155,56032,56033,56039,56042],{},[158,56034,56035,56036,56038],{},"Call ",[15,56037,12932],{}," on an existing list",[158,56040,56041],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[158,56043,56044],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56046,56047],{},"Example with an empty list:",[46,56049,56051],{"className":48,"code":56050,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56052,56053,56062,56078,56082],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56054,56055,56058,56060],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56056,56057],{"class":61},"empty_list ",[55,56059,66],{"class":65},[55,56061,7999],{"class":69},[55,56063,56064,56067,56069,56072,56074,56076],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,56065,56066],{"class":61},"new_empty_list ",[55,56068,66],{"class":65},[55,56070,56071],{"class":61}," empty_list",[55,56073,44],{"class":69},[55,56075,13067],{"class":99},[55,56077,8804],{"class":69},[55,56079,56080],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,56081,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,56083,56084,56086,56088,56091],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,56085,121],{"class":120},[55,56087,103],{"class":69},[55,56089,56090],{"class":99},"new_empty_list",[55,56092,114],{"class":69},[20,56094,302],{},[46,56096,56097],{"className":48,"code":38437,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,56098,56099],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56100,56101],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56102,38437],{"class":69},[20,56104,56105],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[142,56107,56109,56110],{"id":56108},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56111,66],{},[20,56113,8578,56114,14204,56116,52811],{},[15,56115,66],{},[1966,56117,1968],{},[20,56119,56120],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[46,56122,56124],{"className":48,"code":56123,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56125,56126,56146,56155,56159,56174,56178,56188],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56127,56128,56130,56132,56134,56136,56138,56140,56142,56144],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56129,62],{"class":61},[55,56131,66],{"class":65},[55,56133,70],{"class":69},[55,56135,74],{"class":73},[55,56137,77],{"class":69},[55,56139,80],{"class":73},[55,56141,77],{"class":69},[55,56143,111],{"class":73},[55,56145,88],{"class":69},[55,56147,56148,56151,56153],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,56149,56150],{"class":61},"same_list ",[55,56152,66],{"class":65},[55,56154,44124],{"class":61},[55,56156,56157],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,56158,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,56160,56161,56164,56166,56168,56170,56172],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,56162,56163],{"class":61},"same_list",[55,56165,44],{"class":69},[55,56167,1100],{"class":99},[55,56169,103],{"class":69},[55,56171,2665],{"class":73},[55,56173,114],{"class":69},[55,56175,56176],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,56177,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,56179,56180,56182,56184,56186],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,56181,121],{"class":120},[55,56183,103],{"class":69},[55,56185,94],{"class":99},[55,56187,114],{"class":69},[55,56189,56190,56192,56194,56196],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,56191,121],{"class":120},[55,56193,103],{"class":69},[55,56195,56163],{"class":99},[55,56197,114],{"class":69},[20,56199,302],{},[46,56201,56203],{"className":48,"code":56202,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56204,56205,56225],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56206,56207,56209,56211,56213,56215,56217,56219,56221,56223],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56208,312],{"class":69},[55,56210,74],{"class":73},[55,56212,77],{"class":69},[55,56214,80],{"class":73},[55,56216,77],{"class":69},[55,56218,111],{"class":73},[55,56220,77],{"class":69},[55,56222,85],{"class":73},[55,56224,88],{"class":69},[55,56226,56227,56229,56231,56233,56235,56237,56239,56241,56243],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,56228,312],{"class":69},[55,56230,74],{"class":73},[55,56232,77],{"class":69},[55,56234,80],{"class":73},[55,56236,77],{"class":69},[55,56238,111],{"class":73},[55,56240,77],{"class":69},[55,56242,85],{"class":73},[55,56244,88],{"class":69},[20,56246,56247],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56249,56250,56251,153],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56252,12932],{},[46,56254,56256],{"className":48,"code":56255,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56257,56258,56278,56293,56297,56312,56316,56326],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56259,56260,56262,56264,56266,56268,56270,56272,56274,56276],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56261,62],{"class":61},[55,56263,66],{"class":65},[55,56265,70],{"class":69},[55,56267,74],{"class":73},[55,56269,77],{"class":69},[55,56271,80],{"class":73},[55,56273,77],{"class":69},[55,56275,111],{"class":73},[55,56277,88],{"class":69},[55,56279,56280,56283,56285,56287,56289,56291],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,56281,56282],{"class":61},"copied_numbers ",[55,56284,66],{"class":65},[55,56286,1260],{"class":61},[55,56288,44],{"class":69},[55,56290,13067],{"class":99},[55,56292,8804],{"class":69},[55,56294,56295],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,56296,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,56298,56299,56302,56304,56306,56308,56310],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,56300,56301],{"class":61},"copied_numbers",[55,56303,44],{"class":69},[55,56305,1100],{"class":99},[55,56307,103],{"class":69},[55,56309,2665],{"class":73},[55,56311,114],{"class":69},[55,56313,56314],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,56315,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,56317,56318,56320,56322,56324],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,56319,121],{"class":120},[55,56321,103],{"class":69},[55,56323,94],{"class":99},[55,56325,114],{"class":69},[55,56327,56328,56330,56332,56334],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,56329,121],{"class":120},[55,56331,103],{"class":69},[55,56333,56301],{"class":99},[55,56335,114],{"class":69},[20,56337,302],{},[46,56339,56341],{"className":48,"code":56340,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56342,56343,56359],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56344,56345,56347,56349,56351,56353,56355,56357],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56346,312],{"class":69},[55,56348,74],{"class":73},[55,56350,77],{"class":69},[55,56352,80],{"class":73},[55,56354,77],{"class":69},[55,56356,111],{"class":73},[55,56358,88],{"class":69},[55,56360,56361,56363,56365,56367,56369,56371,56373,56375,56377],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,56362,312],{"class":69},[55,56364,74],{"class":73},[55,56366,77],{"class":69},[55,56368,80],{"class":73},[55,56370,77],{"class":69},[55,56372,111],{"class":73},[55,56374,77],{"class":69},[55,56376,85],{"class":73},[55,56378,88],{"class":69},[20,56380,56381,56382,44],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[36,56383,2063],{"href":974},[142,56385,56387],{"id":56386},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56389,56390,13003,56392,44],{},[15,56391,55728],{},[1966,56393,13006],{},[20,56395,2268],{},[155,56397,56398,56401],{},[158,56399,56400],{},"The outer list is new",[158,56402,56403],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56405,56406],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[46,56408,56410],{"className":48,"code":56409,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56411,56412,56439,56453,56457,56476,56480,56490],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56413,56414,56416,56418,56421,56423,56425,56427,56429,56431,56433,56435,56437],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56415,12242],{"class":61},[55,56417,66],{"class":65},[55,56419,56420],{"class":69}," [[",[55,56422,74],{"class":73},[55,56424,77],{"class":69},[55,56426,80],{"class":73},[55,56428,1813],{"class":69},[55,56430,70],{"class":69},[55,56432,2223],{"class":73},[55,56434,77],{"class":69},[55,56436,85],{"class":73},[55,56438,53382],{"class":69},[55,56440,56441,56443,56445,56447,56449,56451],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,56442,14461],{"class":61},[55,56444,66],{"class":65},[55,56446,12317],{"class":61},[55,56448,44],{"class":69},[55,56450,13067],{"class":99},[55,56452,8804],{"class":69},[55,56454,56455],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,56456,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,56458,56459,56461,56463,56465,56467,56469,56471,56474],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,56460,14480],{"class":61},[55,56462,312],{"class":69},[55,56464,227],{"class":73},[55,56466,13701],{"class":69},[55,56468,1100],{"class":99},[55,56470,103],{"class":69},[55,56472,56473],{"class":73},"99",[55,56475,114],{"class":69},[55,56477,56478],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,56479,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,56481,56482,56484,56486,56488],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,56483,121],{"class":120},[55,56485,103],{"class":69},[55,56487,12289],{"class":99},[55,56489,114],{"class":69},[55,56491,56492,56494,56496,56498],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,56493,121],{"class":120},[55,56495,103],{"class":69},[55,56497,14480],{"class":99},[55,56499,114],{"class":69},[20,56501,302],{},[46,56503,56505],{"className":48,"code":56504,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56506,56507,56534],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56508,56509,56512,56514,56516,56518,56520,56522,56524,56526,56528,56530,56532],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56510,56511],{"class":69},"[[",[55,56513,74],{"class":73},[55,56515,77],{"class":69},[55,56517,80],{"class":73},[55,56519,77],{"class":69},[55,56521,1273],{"class":73},[55,56523,1813],{"class":69},[55,56525,70],{"class":69},[55,56527,2223],{"class":73},[55,56529,77],{"class":69},[55,56531,85],{"class":73},[55,56533,53382],{"class":69},[55,56535,56536,56538,56540,56542,56544,56546,56548,56550,56552,56554,56556,56558],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,56537,56511],{"class":69},[55,56539,74],{"class":73},[55,56541,77],{"class":69},[55,56543,80],{"class":73},[55,56545,77],{"class":69},[55,56547,1273],{"class":73},[55,56549,1813],{"class":69},[55,56551,70],{"class":69},[55,56553,2223],{"class":73},[55,56555,77],{"class":69},[55,56557,85],{"class":73},[55,56559,53382],{"class":69},[20,56561,56562],{},"Why did both change?",[155,56564,56565,56572],{},[158,56566,56567,352,56569,56571],{},[15,56568,12289],{},[15,56570,14480],{}," are different outer lists",[158,56573,56574,56575,56578],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56576,56577],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56580,53790,56581,56583],{},[15,56582,12932],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[155,56585,56586,56589,56592],{},[158,56587,56588],{},"Numbers",[158,56590,56591],{},"Strings",[158,56593,40736],{},[20,56595,56596,56597,44],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[36,56598,13941],{"href":13940},[142,56600,17569],{"id":17568},[20,56602,56603,56605],{},[15,56604,55728],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56607,41047,56608,56610],{},[1966,56609,1968],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56612,56613],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56615,16805],{},[46,56617,56619],{"className":48,"code":56618,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56620,56621,56645,56659,56663],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56622,56623,56625,56627,56629,56631,56633,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56624,372],{"class":61},[55,56626,66],{"class":65},[55,56628,70],{"class":69},[55,56630,248],{"class":247},[55,56632,381],{"class":251},[55,56634,248],{"class":247},[55,56636,77],{"class":69},[55,56638,258],{"class":247},[55,56640,390],{"class":251},[55,56642,248],{"class":247},[55,56644,88],{"class":69},[55,56646,56647,56649,56651,56653,56655,56657],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,56648,13272],{"class":61},[55,56650,66],{"class":65},[55,56652,421],{"class":61},[55,56654,44],{"class":69},[55,56656,13067],{"class":99},[55,56658,8804],{"class":69},[55,56660,56661],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,56662,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,56664,56665,56667,56669,56671],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,56666,121],{"class":120},[55,56668,103],{"class":69},[55,56670,13295],{"class":99},[55,56672,114],{"class":69},[20,56674,56675],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[46,56677,56679],{"className":48,"code":56678,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56680,56681,56705,56715,56719],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56682,56683,56685,56687,56689,56691,56693,56695,56697,56699,56701,56703],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56684,372],{"class":61},[55,56686,66],{"class":65},[55,56688,70],{"class":69},[55,56690,248],{"class":247},[55,56692,381],{"class":251},[55,56694,248],{"class":247},[55,56696,77],{"class":69},[55,56698,258],{"class":247},[55,56700,390],{"class":251},[55,56702,248],{"class":247},[55,56704,88],{"class":69},[55,56706,56707,56709,56711,56713],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,56708,434],{"class":61},[55,56710,44],{"class":69},[55,56712,13067],{"class":99},[55,56714,8804],{"class":69},[55,56716,56717],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,56718,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,56720,56721,56723,56725,56727],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,56722,121],{"class":120},[55,56724,103],{"class":69},[55,56726,434],{"class":99},[55,56728,114],{"class":69},[20,56730,56731,56732,56734],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56733,12932],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[142,56736,1937,56738],{"id":56737},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56739,55728],{},[20,56741,31,56742,993],{},[15,56743,55728],{},[155,56745,56746,56749,56752,56755],{},[158,56747,56748],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[158,56750,56751],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[158,56753,56754],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[158,56756,56757,56758],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56759,56760],{},"[:]",[20,56762,230],{},[46,56764,56766],{"className":48,"code":56765,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56767,56768,56788,56803,56807,56822,56826,56836],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56769,56770,56772,56774,56776,56778,56780,56782,56784,56786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56771,5224],{"class":61},[55,56773,66],{"class":65},[55,56775,70],{"class":69},[55,56777,800],{"class":73},[55,56779,77],{"class":69},[55,56781,7951],{"class":73},[55,56783,77],{"class":69},[55,56785,7956],{"class":73},[55,56787,88],{"class":69},[55,56789,56790,56793,56795,56797,56799,56801],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,56791,56792],{"class":61},"backup_scores ",[55,56794,66],{"class":65},[55,56796,5271],{"class":61},[55,56798,44],{"class":69},[55,56800,13067],{"class":99},[55,56802,8804],{"class":69},[55,56804,56805],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,56806,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,56808,56809,56811,56813,56815,56817,56820],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,56810,16539],{"class":61},[55,56812,44],{"class":69},[55,56814,1100],{"class":99},[55,56816,103],{"class":69},[55,56818,56819],{"class":73},"40",[55,56821,114],{"class":69},[55,56823,56824],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,56825,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,56827,56828,56830,56832,56834],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,56829,121],{"class":120},[55,56831,103],{"class":69},[55,56833,16539],{"class":99},[55,56835,114],{"class":69},[55,56837,56838,56840,56842,56845],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,56839,121],{"class":120},[55,56841,103],{"class":69},[55,56843,56844],{"class":99},"backup_scores",[55,56846,114],{"class":69},[20,56848,302],{},[46,56850,56852],{"className":48,"code":56851,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56853,56854,56874],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56855,56856,56858,56860,56862,56864,56866,56868,56870,56872],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56857,312],{"class":69},[55,56859,800],{"class":73},[55,56861,77],{"class":69},[55,56863,7951],{"class":73},[55,56865,77],{"class":69},[55,56867,7956],{"class":73},[55,56869,77],{"class":69},[55,56871,50988],{"class":73},[55,56873,88],{"class":69},[55,56875,56876,56878,56880,56882,56884,56886,56888],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,56877,312],{"class":69},[55,56879,800],{"class":73},[55,56881,77],{"class":69},[55,56883,7951],{"class":73},[55,56885,77],{"class":69},[55,56887,7956],{"class":73},[55,56889,88],{"class":69},[20,56891,56892,56893,44],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[36,56894,39,56895,43],{"href":38},[15,56896,42],{},[142,56898,1211],{"id":1210},[20,56900,56901,56902,44],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56903,55728],{},[577,56905,8578,56907,56909],{"id":56906},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56908,66],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56911,39339],{},[46,56913,56915],{"className":48,"code":56914,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56916,56917,56937,56945,56959,56963],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56918,56919,56921,56923,56925,56927,56929,56931,56933,56935],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56920,2715],{"class":61},[55,56922,66],{"class":65},[55,56924,70],{"class":69},[55,56926,74],{"class":73},[55,56928,77],{"class":69},[55,56930,80],{"class":73},[55,56932,77],{"class":69},[55,56934,111],{"class":73},[55,56936,88],{"class":69},[55,56938,56939,56941,56943],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,56940,2743],{"class":61},[55,56942,66],{"class":65},[55,56944,36314],{"class":61},[55,56946,56947,56949,56951,56953,56955,56957],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,56948,285],{"class":61},[55,56950,44],{"class":69},[55,56952,1100],{"class":99},[55,56954,103],{"class":69},[55,56956,2665],{"class":73},[55,56958,114],{"class":69},[55,56960,56961],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,56962,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,56964,56965,56967,56969,56971,56973],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,56966,121],{"class":120},[55,56968,103],{"class":69},[55,56970,36],{"class":99},[55,56972,3825],{"class":69},[55,56974,55828],{"class":133},[20,56976,56977,56978,6790],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56979,12932],{},[46,56981,56983],{"className":48,"code":56982,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56984,56985,57005,57020,57034,57038],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56986,56987,56989,56991,56993,56995,56997,56999,57001,57003],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56988,2715],{"class":61},[55,56990,66],{"class":65},[55,56992,70],{"class":69},[55,56994,74],{"class":73},[55,56996,77],{"class":69},[55,56998,80],{"class":73},[55,57000,77],{"class":69},[55,57002,111],{"class":73},[55,57004,88],{"class":69},[55,57006,57007,57009,57011,57014,57016,57018],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,57008,2743],{"class":61},[55,57010,66],{"class":65},[55,57012,57013],{"class":61}," a",[55,57015,44],{"class":69},[55,57017,13067],{"class":99},[55,57019,8804],{"class":69},[55,57021,57022,57024,57026,57028,57030,57032],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,57023,285],{"class":61},[55,57025,44],{"class":69},[55,57027,1100],{"class":99},[55,57029,103],{"class":69},[55,57031,2665],{"class":73},[55,57033,114],{"class":69},[55,57035,57036],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,57037,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,57039,57040,57042,57044,57046,57048],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,57041,121],{"class":120},[55,57043,103],{"class":69},[55,57045,36],{"class":99},[55,57047,3825],{"class":69},[55,57049,55061],{"class":133},[577,57051,57053],{"id":57052},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[46,57055,57057],{"className":48,"code":57056,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57058,57059,57079],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57060,57061,57063,57065,57067,57069,57071,57073,57075,57077],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57062,62],{"class":61},[55,57064,66],{"class":65},[55,57066,70],{"class":69},[55,57068,74],{"class":73},[55,57070,77],{"class":69},[55,57072,80],{"class":73},[55,57074,77],{"class":69},[55,57076,111],{"class":73},[55,57078,88],{"class":69},[55,57080,57081,57083,57085,57087],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,57082,94],{"class":61},[55,57084,44],{"class":69},[55,57086,13067],{"class":99},[55,57088,8804],{"class":69},[20,57090,57091],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57093,39402],{},[46,57095,57097],{"className":48,"code":57096,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57098,57099,57119],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57100,57101,57103,57105,57107,57109,57111,57113,57115,57117],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57102,62],{"class":61},[55,57104,66],{"class":65},[55,57106,70],{"class":69},[55,57108,74],{"class":73},[55,57110,77],{"class":69},[55,57112,80],{"class":73},[55,57114,77],{"class":69},[55,57116,111],{"class":73},[55,57118,88],{"class":69},[55,57120,57121,57123,57125,57127,57129,57131],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,57122,56282],{"class":61},[55,57124,66],{"class":65},[55,57126,1260],{"class":61},[55,57128,44],{"class":69},[55,57130,13067],{"class":99},[55,57132,8804],{"class":69},[577,57134,57136],{"id":57135},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[46,57138,57140],{"className":48,"code":57139,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57141,57142,57160,57174,57178,57196,57200],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57143,57144,57146,57148,57150,57152,57154,57156,57158],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57145,2715],{"class":61},[55,57147,66],{"class":65},[55,57149,56420],{"class":69},[55,57151,74],{"class":73},[55,57153,1813],{"class":69},[55,57155,70],{"class":69},[55,57157,106],{"class":73},[55,57159,53382],{"class":69},[55,57161,57162,57164,57166,57168,57170,57172],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,57163,2743],{"class":61},[55,57165,66],{"class":65},[55,57167,57013],{"class":61},[55,57169,44],{"class":69},[55,57171,13067],{"class":99},[55,57173,8804],{"class":69},[55,57175,57176],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,57177,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,57179,57180,57182,57184,57186,57188,57190,57192,57194],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,57181,285],{"class":61},[55,57183,312],{"class":69},[55,57185,227],{"class":73},[55,57187,13701],{"class":69},[55,57189,1100],{"class":99},[55,57191,103],{"class":69},[55,57193,56473],{"class":73},[55,57195,114],{"class":69},[55,57197,57198],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,57199,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,57201,57202,57204,57206,57208,57210],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,57203,121],{"class":120},[55,57205,103],{"class":69},[55,57207,36],{"class":99},[55,57209,3825],{"class":69},[55,57211,57212],{"class":133},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57214,57215,57216,57218],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57217,55728],{}," is shallow.",[577,57220,25761,57222,57224],{"id":57221},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57223,12932],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57226,57227,57229],{},[15,57228,12932],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[46,57231,57233],{"className":48,"code":57232,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57234,57235,57247],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57236,57237,57239,57241,57243,57245],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57238,8037],{"class":61},[55,57240,66],{"class":65},[55,57242,258],{"class":247},[55,57244,5164],{"class":251},[55,57246,3522],{"class":247},[55,57248,57249],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,57250,57251],{"class":133},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57253,57254],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[46,57256,57258],{"className":48,"code":57257,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57259,57260],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57261,57262,57264,57266,57268,57270,57272],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57263,121],{"class":120},[55,57265,103],{"class":69},[55,57267,1910],{"class":1898},[55,57269,103],{"class":69},[55,57271,7829],{"class":99},[55,57273,1867],{"class":69},[20,57275,57276,57277,57279],{},"You can also review ",[36,57278,1982],{"href":1981}," if you need a quick refresher.",[142,57281,1986],{"id":1985},[577,57283,1990,57285,57287],{"id":57284},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57286,55728],{}," change the original list?",[20,57289,57290],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[577,57292,2022,57294,352,57296,2027],{"id":57293},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57295,55728],{},[15,57297,66],{},[20,57299,57300,57302,57303,57305],{},[15,57301,12932],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57304,66],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[577,57307,15052,57309,15055],{"id":57308},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57310,55728],{},[20,57312,57313],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[577,57315,57317],{"id":57316},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57319,42294,57320,57323],{},[15,57321,57322],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[577,57325,15052,57327,57329,57330,2027],{"id":57326},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57328,55728],{}," the same as ",[15,57331,56760],{},[20,57333,57334],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[142,57336,2039],{"id":2038},[155,57338,57339,57344,57348,57352,57358],{},[158,57340,57341],{},[36,57342,15114],{"href":57343},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[158,57345,57346],{},[36,57347,2063],{"href":974},[158,57349,57350],{},[36,57351,2068],{"href":1981},[158,57353,57354],{},[36,57355,39,57356,43],{"href":38},[15,57357,42],{},[158,57359,57360],{},[36,57361,13941],{"href":13940},[2080,57363,57364],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":57366},[57367,57368,57370,57371,57373,57374,57375,57377,57385,57396],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":55838,"depth":91,"text":57369},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":56108,"depth":91,"text":57372},"Why not use =",{"id":56386,"depth":91,"text":56387},{"id":17568,"depth":91,"text":17569},{"id":56737,"depth":91,"text":57376},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":57378},[57379,57381,57382,57383],{"id":56906,"depth":117,"text":57380},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57052,"depth":117,"text":57053},{"id":57135,"depth":117,"text":57136},{"id":57221,"depth":117,"text":57384},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":57386},[57387,57389,57391,57393,57394],{"id":57284,"depth":117,"text":57388},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57293,"depth":117,"text":57390},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57308,"depth":117,"text":57392},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57316,"depth":117,"text":57317},{"id":57326,"depth":117,"text":57395},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55716,"description":57397},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57404,"title":57405,"body":57406,"description":59148,"extension":2124,"meta":59149,"navigation":428,"path":59150,"seo":59151,"stem":59152,"__hash__":59153},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57407,"toc":59107},[57408,57414,57420,57423,57434,57437,57439,57502,57508,57513,57517,57531,57534,57539,57544,57546,57548,57567,57579,57581,57648,57650,57658,57663,57665,57673,57676,57693,57695,57819,57830,57834,57839,57842,57844,57862,57866,57952,57961,57969,58038,58040,58043,58055,58060,58064,58135,58138,58142,58146,58211,58213,58221,58225,58308,58310,58318,58322,58383,58385,58393,58397,58484,58486,58494,58499,58504,58507,58518,58520,58605,58610,58619,58621,58625,58629,58634,58696,58700,58708,58714,58723,58728,58777,58780,58801,58805,58867,58874,58879,58882,58969,58972,58983,58986,59006,59008,59014,59017,59021,59025,59031,59034,59040,59047,59055,59066,59068,59104],[10,57409,13,57411,18],{"id":57410},"python-list-count-method",[15,57412,57413],{},"count()",[20,57415,57416,57419],{},[15,57417,57418],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57421,57422],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[155,57424,57425,57428,57431],{},[158,57426,57427],{},"count one specific item",[158,57429,57430],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[158,57432,57433],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57435,57436],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[142,57438,3774],{"id":3773},[46,57440,57442],{"className":48,"code":57441,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57443,57444,57472,57490],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57445,57446,57448,57450,57452,57454,57456,57458,57460,57462,57464,57466,57468,57470],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57447,62],{"class":61},[55,57449,66],{"class":65},[55,57451,70],{"class":69},[55,57453,74],{"class":73},[55,57455,77],{"class":69},[55,57457,80],{"class":73},[55,57459,77],{"class":69},[55,57461,80],{"class":73},[55,57463,77],{"class":69},[55,57465,111],{"class":73},[55,57467,77],{"class":69},[55,57469,80],{"class":73},[55,57471,88],{"class":69},[55,57473,57474,57476,57478,57480,57482,57484,57486,57488],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,57475,1255],{"class":61},[55,57477,66],{"class":65},[55,57479,1260],{"class":61},[55,57481,44],{"class":69},[55,57483,41401],{"class":99},[55,57485,103],{"class":69},[55,57487,106],{"class":73},[55,57489,114],{"class":69},[55,57491,57492,57494,57496,57498,57500],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,57493,121],{"class":120},[55,57495,103],{"class":69},[55,57497,1288],{"class":99},[55,57499,3825],{"class":69},[55,57501,50915],{"class":133},[20,57503,31,57504,57507],{},[15,57505,57506],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[142,57509,145,57511,148],{"id":57510},"what-listcount-does",[15,57512,57418],{},[20,57514,57515,153],{},[15,57516,57418],{},[155,57518,57519,57522,57525,57528],{},[158,57520,57521],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[158,57523,57524],{},"returns an integer",[158,57526,57527],{},"does not change the original list",[158,57529,57530],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57532,57533],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57535,57536,57537,44],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57538,2223],{},[20,57540,57541,57542,44],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57543,227],{},[142,57545,2319],{"id":2318},[20,57547,2322],{},[46,57549,57551],{"className":48,"code":57550,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57552,57553],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57554,57555,57557,57559,57561,57563,57565],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57556,192],{"class":61},[55,57558,44],{"class":69},[55,57560,41401],{"class":99},[55,57562,103],{"class":69},[55,57564,2633],{"class":99},[55,57566,114],{"class":69},[155,57568,57569,57574],{},[158,57570,57571,57573],{},[15,57572,192],{}," is the list you want to search",[158,57575,57576,57578],{},[15,57577,2633],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57580,230],{},[46,57582,57584],{"className":48,"code":57583,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57585,57586,57626],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57587,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57589,240],{"class":61},[55,57591,66],{"class":65},[55,57593,70],{"class":69},[55,57595,248],{"class":247},[55,57597,36],{"class":251},[55,57599,248],{"class":247},[55,57601,77],{"class":69},[55,57603,258],{"class":247},[55,57605,285],{"class":251},[55,57607,248],{"class":247},[55,57609,77],{"class":69},[55,57611,258],{"class":247},[55,57613,36],{"class":251},[55,57615,248],{"class":247},[55,57617,77],{"class":69},[55,57619,258],{"class":247},[55,57621,261],{"class":251},[55,57623,248],{"class":247},[55,57625,88],{"class":69},[55,57627,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,57629,121],{"class":120},[55,57631,103],{"class":69},[55,57633,270],{"class":99},[55,57635,44],{"class":69},[55,57637,41401],{"class":99},[55,57639,103],{"class":69},[55,57641,248],{"class":247},[55,57643,36],{"class":251},[55,57645,248],{"class":247},[55,57647,1867],{"class":69},[20,57649,302],{},[46,57651,57652],{"className":48,"code":17206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,57653,57654],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57655,57656],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57657,17206],{"class":73},[20,57659,57660,57661,44],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57662,227],{},[142,57664,38160],{"id":38159},[20,57666,57667,57668,57670,57671,44],{},"The return value from ",[15,57669,57413],{}," is always an ",[15,57672,2351],{},[20,57674,57675],{},"Possible results:",[155,57677,57678,57683,57688],{},[158,57679,57680,57682],{},[15,57681,227],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[158,57684,57685,57687],{},[15,57686,74],{}," if it appears once",[158,57689,57690,57692],{},[15,57691,106],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57694,230],{},[46,57696,57698],{"className":48,"code":57697,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57699,57700,57740,57744,57769,57794],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57701,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710,57712,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724,57726,57728,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57703,372],{"class":61},[55,57705,66],{"class":65},[55,57707,70],{"class":69},[55,57709,248],{"class":247},[55,57711,381],{"class":251},[55,57713,248],{"class":247},[55,57715,77],{"class":69},[55,57717,258],{"class":247},[55,57719,390],{"class":251},[55,57721,248],{"class":247},[55,57723,77],{"class":69},[55,57725,258],{"class":247},[55,57727,399],{"class":251},[55,57729,248],{"class":247},[55,57731,77],{"class":69},[55,57733,258],{"class":247},[55,57735,390],{"class":251},[55,57737,248],{"class":247},[55,57739,88],{"class":69},[55,57741,57742],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,57743,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,57745,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,57747,121],{"class":120},[55,57749,103],{"class":69},[55,57751,434],{"class":99},[55,57753,44],{"class":69},[55,57755,41401],{"class":99},[55,57757,103],{"class":69},[55,57759,248],{"class":247},[55,57761,390],{"class":251},[55,57763,248],{"class":247},[55,57765,5522],{"class":69},[55,57767,57768],{"class":133},"   # 2\n",[55,57770,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779,57781,57783,57785,57787,57789,57791],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,57772,121],{"class":120},[55,57774,103],{"class":69},[55,57776,434],{"class":99},[55,57778,44],{"class":69},[55,57780,41401],{"class":99},[55,57782,103],{"class":69},[55,57784,248],{"class":247},[55,57786,381],{"class":251},[55,57788,248],{"class":247},[55,57790,5522],{"class":69},[55,57792,57793],{"class":133},"    # 1\n",[55,57795,57796,57798,57800,57802,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812,57814,57816],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,57797,121],{"class":120},[55,57799,103],{"class":69},[55,57801,434],{"class":99},[55,57803,44],{"class":69},[55,57805,41401],{"class":99},[55,57807,103],{"class":69},[55,57809,248],{"class":247},[55,57811,449],{"class":251},[55,57813,248],{"class":247},[55,57815,5522],{"class":69},[55,57817,57818],{"class":133}," # 0\n",[20,57820,57821,57822,57824,57825,57827,57828,44],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57823,57413],{}," works, but using ",[15,57826,4047],{}," is often simpler. See ",[36,57829,6356],{"href":6355},[142,57831,57833],{"id":57832},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57835,57836,57838],{},[15,57837,57418],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57840,57841],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57843,43792],{},[155,57845,57846,57849,57852,57859],{},[158,57847,57848],{},"matches are based on equality",[158,57850,57851],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[158,57853,57854,352,57856,57858],{},[15,57855,74],{},[15,57857,3769],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[158,57860,57861],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[577,57863,57865],{"id":57864},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[46,57867,57869],{"className":48,"code":57868,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57870,57871,57904,57928],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57872,57873,57875,57877,57879,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889,57892,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57874,4234],{"class":61},[55,57876,66],{"class":65},[55,57878,70],{"class":69},[55,57880,248],{"class":247},[55,57882,1035],{"class":251},[55,57884,248],{"class":247},[55,57886,77],{"class":69},[55,57888,258],{"class":247},[55,57890,57891],{"class":251},"Apple",[55,57893,248],{"class":247},[55,57895,77],{"class":69},[55,57897,258],{"class":247},[55,57899,1035],{"class":251},[55,57901,248],{"class":247},[55,57903,88],{"class":69},[55,57905,57906,57908,57910,57912,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,57907,121],{"class":120},[55,57909,103],{"class":69},[55,57911,4276],{"class":99},[55,57913,44],{"class":69},[55,57915,41401],{"class":99},[55,57917,103],{"class":69},[55,57919,248],{"class":247},[55,57921,1035],{"class":251},[55,57923,248],{"class":247},[55,57925,5522],{"class":69},[55,57927,51559],{"class":133},[55,57929,57930,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942,57944,57946,57948,57950],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,57931,121],{"class":120},[55,57933,103],{"class":69},[55,57935,4276],{"class":99},[55,57937,44],{"class":69},[55,57939,41401],{"class":99},[55,57941,103],{"class":69},[55,57943,248],{"class":247},[55,57945,57891],{"class":251},[55,57947,248],{"class":247},[55,57949,5522],{"class":69},[55,57951,27924],{"class":133},[20,57953,57954,352,57957,57960],{},[15,57955,57956],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57958,57959],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[577,57962,57964,352,57966,57968],{"id":57963},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57965,74],{},[15,57967,3769],{}," can match",[46,57970,57972],{"className":48,"code":57971,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57973,57974,57998,58018],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57975,57976,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986,57988,57990,57992,57994,57996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57977,3986],{"class":61},[55,57979,66],{"class":65},[55,57981,70],{"class":69},[55,57983,74],{"class":73},[55,57985,77],{"class":69},[55,57987,4079],{"class":1312},[55,57989,77],{"class":69},[55,57991,80],{"class":73},[55,57993,77],{"class":69},[55,57995,630],{"class":73},[55,57997,88],{"class":69},[55,57999,58000,58002,58004,58006,58008,58010,58012,58014,58016],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,58001,121],{"class":120},[55,58003,103],{"class":69},[55,58005,5519],{"class":99},[55,58007,44],{"class":69},[55,58009,41401],{"class":99},[55,58011,103],{"class":69},[55,58013,74],{"class":73},[55,58015,5522],{"class":69},[55,58017,51063],{"class":133},[55,58019,58020,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,58021,121],{"class":120},[55,58023,103],{"class":69},[55,58025,5519],{"class":99},[55,58027,44],{"class":69},[55,58029,41401],{"class":99},[55,58031,103],{"class":69},[55,58033,3769],{"class":1312},[55,58035,5522],{"class":69},[55,58037,50915],{"class":133},[20,58039,4572],{},[20,58041,58042],{},"In Python:",[155,58044,58045,58050],{},[158,58046,58047],{},[15,58048,58049],{},"True == 1",[158,58051,58052],{},[15,58053,58054],{},"False == 0",[20,58056,53790,58057,58059],{},[15,58058,57413],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[577,58061,58063],{"id":58062},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[46,58065,58067],{"className":48,"code":58066,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58068,58069,58111],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58070,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58072,1026],{"class":61},[55,58074,66],{"class":65},[55,58076,56420],{"class":69},[55,58078,74],{"class":73},[55,58080,77],{"class":69},[55,58082,80],{"class":73},[55,58084,1813],{"class":69},[55,58086,70],{"class":69},[55,58088,2223],{"class":73},[55,58090,77],{"class":69},[55,58092,85],{"class":73},[55,58094,1813],{"class":69},[55,58096,70],{"class":69},[55,58098,74],{"class":73},[55,58100,77],{"class":69},[55,58102,80],{"class":73},[55,58104,1813],{"class":69},[55,58106,70],{"class":69},[55,58108,74],{"class":73},[55,58110,53382],{"class":69},[55,58112,58113,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,58114,121],{"class":120},[55,58116,103],{"class":69},[55,58118,1057],{"class":99},[55,58120,44],{"class":69},[55,58122,41401],{"class":99},[55,58124,3149],{"class":69},[55,58126,74],{"class":73},[55,58128,77],{"class":69},[55,58130,80],{"class":73},[55,58132,4896],{"class":69},[55,58134,51559],{"class":133},[20,58136,58137],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[142,58139,58141],{"id":58140},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[577,58143,58145],{"id":58144},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[46,58147,58149],{"className":48,"code":58148,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58150,58151,58179,58197,58201],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58152,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169,58171,58173,58175,58177],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58154,62],{"class":61},[55,58156,66],{"class":65},[55,58158,70],{"class":69},[55,58160,800],{"class":73},[55,58162,77],{"class":69},[55,58164,7951],{"class":73},[55,58166,77],{"class":69},[55,58168,6162],{"class":73},[55,58170,77],{"class":69},[55,58172,7956],{"class":73},[55,58174,77],{"class":69},[55,58176,6162],{"class":73},[55,58178,88],{"class":69},[55,58180,58181,58183,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193,58195],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,58182,1255],{"class":61},[55,58184,66],{"class":65},[55,58186,1260],{"class":61},[55,58188,44],{"class":69},[55,58190,41401],{"class":99},[55,58192,103],{"class":69},[55,58194,800],{"class":73},[55,58196,114],{"class":69},[55,58198,58199],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,58200,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,58202,58203,58205,58207,58209],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,58204,121],{"class":120},[55,58206,103],{"class":69},[55,58208,1288],{"class":99},[55,58210,114],{"class":69},[20,58212,302],{},[46,58214,58215],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,58216,58217],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58218,58219],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58220,46760],{"class":73},[577,58222,58224],{"id":58223},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[46,58226,58228],{"className":48,"code":58227,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58229,58230,58272,58294,58298],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58231,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248,58251,58253,58255,58257,58259,58261,58263,58265,58268,58270],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58233,4234],{"class":61},[55,58235,66],{"class":65},[55,58237,70],{"class":69},[55,58239,248],{"class":247},[55,58241,37186],{"class":251},[55,58243,248],{"class":247},[55,58245,77],{"class":69},[55,58247,258],{"class":247},[55,58249,58250],{"class":251},"dog",[55,58252,248],{"class":247},[55,58254,77],{"class":69},[55,58256,258],{"class":247},[55,58258,37186],{"class":251},[55,58260,248],{"class":247},[55,58262,77],{"class":69},[55,58264,258],{"class":247},[55,58266,58267],{"class":251},"bird",[55,58269,248],{"class":247},[55,58271,88],{"class":69},[55,58273,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,58275,1255],{"class":61},[55,58277,66],{"class":65},[55,58279,6326],{"class":61},[55,58281,44],{"class":69},[55,58283,41401],{"class":99},[55,58285,103],{"class":69},[55,58287,248],{"class":247},[55,58289,37186],{"class":251},[55,58291,248],{"class":247},[55,58293,114],{"class":69},[55,58295,58296],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,58297,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,58299,58300,58302,58304,58306],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,58301,121],{"class":120},[55,58303,103],{"class":69},[55,58305,1288],{"class":99},[55,58307,114],{"class":69},[20,58309,302],{},[46,58311,58312],{"className":48,"code":17206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,58313,58314],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58315,58316],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58317,17206],{"class":73},[577,58319,58321],{"id":58320},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[46,58323,58325],{"className":48,"code":58324,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58326,58327,58351,58369,58373],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58328,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58330,62],{"class":61},[55,58332,66],{"class":65},[55,58334,70],{"class":69},[55,58336,74],{"class":73},[55,58338,77],{"class":69},[55,58340,80],{"class":73},[55,58342,77],{"class":69},[55,58344,111],{"class":73},[55,58346,77],{"class":69},[55,58348,85],{"class":73},[55,58350,88],{"class":69},[55,58352,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365,58367],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,58354,1255],{"class":61},[55,58356,66],{"class":65},[55,58358,1260],{"class":61},[55,58360,44],{"class":69},[55,58362,41401],{"class":99},[55,58364,103],{"class":69},[55,58366,2297],{"class":73},[55,58368,114],{"class":69},[55,58370,58371],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,58372,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,58374,58375,58377,58379,58381],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,58376,121],{"class":120},[55,58378,103],{"class":69},[55,58380,1288],{"class":99},[55,58382,114],{"class":69},[20,58384,302],{},[46,58386,58387],{"className":48,"code":47395,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,58388,58389],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58390,58391],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58392,47395],{"class":73},[577,58394,58396],{"id":58395},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[46,58398,58400],{"className":48,"code":58399,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58401,58402,58448,58470,58474],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58403,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426,58428,58430,58432,58434,58436,58438,58440,58442,58444,58446],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58405,9327],{"class":61},[55,58407,66],{"class":65},[55,58409,56420],{"class":69},[55,58411,74],{"class":73},[55,58413,77],{"class":69},[55,58415,80],{"class":73},[55,58417,1813],{"class":69},[55,58419,70],{"class":69},[55,58421,74],{"class":73},[55,58423,77],{"class":69},[55,58425,80],{"class":73},[55,58427,1813],{"class":69},[55,58429,70],{"class":69},[55,58431,106],{"class":73},[55,58433,77],{"class":69},[55,58435,111],{"class":73},[55,58437,1813],{"class":69},[55,58439,70],{"class":69},[55,58441,74],{"class":73},[55,58443,77],{"class":69},[55,58445,80],{"class":73},[55,58447,53382],{"class":69},[55,58449,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466,58468],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,58451,1255],{"class":61},[55,58453,66],{"class":65},[55,58455,14716],{"class":61},[55,58457,44],{"class":69},[55,58459,41401],{"class":99},[55,58461,3149],{"class":69},[55,58463,74],{"class":73},[55,58465,77],{"class":69},[55,58467,80],{"class":73},[55,58469,1777],{"class":69},[55,58471,58472],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,58473,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,58475,58476,58478,58480,58482],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,58477,121],{"class":120},[55,58479,103],{"class":69},[55,58481,1288],{"class":99},[55,58483,114],{"class":69},[20,58485,302],{},[46,58487,58488],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,58489,58490],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58491,58492],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58493,46760],{"class":73},[142,58495,1937,58497],{"id":58496},"when-to-use-count",[15,58498,57413],{},[20,58500,31,58501,58503],{},[15,58502,57413],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58505,58506],{},"Good use cases:",[155,58508,58509,58512,58515],{},[158,58510,58511],{},"counting one specific item",[158,58513,58514],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[158,58516,58517],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58519,230],{},[46,58521,58523],{"className":48,"code":58522,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58524,58525,58566,58590,58594],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58526,58527,58530,58532,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542,58544,58546,58548,58550,58552,58554,58556,58558,58560,58562,58564],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58528,58529],{"class":61},"votes ",[55,58531,66],{"class":65},[55,58533,70],{"class":69},[55,58535,248],{"class":247},[55,58537,8819],{"class":251},[55,58539,248],{"class":247},[55,58541,77],{"class":69},[55,58543,258],{"class":247},[55,58545,8758],{"class":251},[55,58547,248],{"class":247},[55,58549,77],{"class":69},[55,58551,258],{"class":247},[55,58553,8819],{"class":251},[55,58555,248],{"class":247},[55,58557,77],{"class":69},[55,58559,258],{"class":247},[55,58561,8819],{"class":251},[55,58563,248],{"class":247},[55,58565,88],{"class":69},[55,58567,58568,58571,58573,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584,58586,58588],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,58569,58570],{"class":61},"yes_votes ",[55,58572,66],{"class":65},[55,58574,58575],{"class":61}," votes",[55,58577,44],{"class":69},[55,58579,41401],{"class":99},[55,58581,103],{"class":69},[55,58583,248],{"class":247},[55,58585,8819],{"class":251},[55,58587,248],{"class":247},[55,58589,114],{"class":69},[55,58591,58592],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,58593,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,58595,58596,58598,58600,58603],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,58597,121],{"class":120},[55,58599,103],{"class":69},[55,58601,58602],{"class":99},"yes_votes",[55,58604,114],{"class":69},[20,58606,58607,58609],{},[15,58608,57413],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58611,58612,58613,352,58615,44],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[36,58614,2063],{"href":974},[36,58616,58618],{"href":58617},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[142,58620,2992],{"id":2991},[20,58622,8608,58623,44],{},[15,58624,57418],{},[577,58626,58628],{"id":58627},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58630,58631,58633],{},[15,58632,57418],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[46,58635,58637],{"className":48,"code":58636,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58638,58639,58672],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58640,58641,58643,58645,58647,58649,58652,58654,58656,58658,58660,58662,58664,58666,58668,58670],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58642,4234],{"class":61},[55,58644,66],{"class":65},[55,58646,70],{"class":69},[55,58648,248],{"class":247},[55,58650,58651],{"class":251},"apple pie",[55,58653,248],{"class":247},[55,58655,77],{"class":69},[55,58657,258],{"class":247},[55,58659,1072],{"class":251},[55,58661,248],{"class":247},[55,58663,77],{"class":69},[55,58665,258],{"class":247},[55,58667,58651],{"class":251},[55,58669,248],{"class":247},[55,58671,88],{"class":69},[55,58673,58674,58676,58678,58680,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690,58692,58694],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,58675,121],{"class":120},[55,58677,103],{"class":69},[55,58679,4276],{"class":99},[55,58681,44],{"class":69},[55,58683,41401],{"class":99},[55,58685,103],{"class":69},[55,58687,248],{"class":247},[55,58689,1035],{"class":251},[55,58691,248],{"class":247},[55,58693,5522],{"class":69},[55,58695,51391],{"class":133},[20,58697,2649,58698,2027],{},[15,58699,227],{},[20,58701,29206,58702,58704,58705,44],{},[15,58703,57956],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58706,58707],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58709,58710,58711,44],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58712,58713],{},"str.count()",[577,58715,1553,58717,8616,58719,3041,58721],{"id":58716},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58718,57413],{},[15,58720,3769],{},[15,58722,3838],{},[20,58724,58725,58727],{},[15,58726,57413],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[46,58729,58731],{"className":48,"code":58730,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58732,58733,58757],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58734,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747,58749,58751,58753,58755],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58736,62],{"class":61},[55,58738,66],{"class":65},[55,58740,70],{"class":69},[55,58742,74],{"class":73},[55,58744,77],{"class":69},[55,58746,80],{"class":73},[55,58748,77],{"class":69},[55,58750,80],{"class":73},[55,58752,77],{"class":69},[55,58754,111],{"class":73},[55,58756,88],{"class":69},[55,58758,58759,58761,58763,58765,58767,58769,58771,58773,58775],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,58760,121],{"class":120},[55,58762,103],{"class":69},[55,58764,94],{"class":99},[55,58766,44],{"class":69},[55,58768,41401],{"class":99},[55,58770,103],{"class":69},[55,58772,106],{"class":73},[55,58774,5522],{"class":69},[55,58776,51559],{"class":133},[20,58778,58779],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[46,58781,58783],{"className":48,"code":58782,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58784,58785],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58786,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795,58797,58799],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58788,121],{"class":120},[55,58790,103],{"class":69},[55,58792,106],{"class":73},[55,58794,21320],{"class":4040},[55,58796,1260],{"class":99},[55,58798,3825],{"class":69},[55,58800,3828],{"class":133},[577,58802,58804],{"id":58803},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[46,58806,58808],{"className":48,"code":58807,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58809,58810,58843],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58811,58812,58814,58816,58818,58820,58822,58824,58826,58828,58830,58832,58834,58836,58839,58841],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58813,5155],{"class":61},[55,58815,66],{"class":65},[55,58817,70],{"class":69},[55,58819,248],{"class":247},[55,58821,7838],{"class":251},[55,58823,248],{"class":247},[55,58825,77],{"class":69},[55,58827,258],{"class":247},[55,58829,20365],{"class":251},[55,58831,248],{"class":247},[55,58833,77],{"class":69},[55,58835,258],{"class":247},[55,58837,58838],{"class":251},"SAM",[55,58840,248],{"class":247},[55,58842,88],{"class":69},[55,58844,58845,58847,58849,58851,58853,58855,58857,58859,58861,58863,58865],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,58846,121],{"class":120},[55,58848,103],{"class":69},[55,58850,5199],{"class":99},[55,58852,44],{"class":69},[55,58854,41401],{"class":99},[55,58856,103],{"class":69},[55,58858,248],{"class":247},[55,58860,20365],{"class":251},[55,58862,248],{"class":247},[55,58864,5522],{"class":69},[55,58866,27924],{"class":133},[20,58868,58869,58870,58873],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58871,58872],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[577,58875,29794,58877,33692],{"id":58876},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58878,57413],{},[20,58880,58881],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[46,58883,58885],{"className":48,"code":58884,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58886,58887,58897,58911,58929,58943,58955],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58888,58889,58891,58893,58895],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58890,121],{"class":120},[55,58892,103],{"class":69},[55,58894,192],{"class":99},[55,58896,114],{"class":69},[55,58898,58899,58901,58903,58905,58907,58909],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,58900,121],{"class":120},[55,58902,103],{"class":69},[55,58904,1910],{"class":1898},[55,58906,103],{"class":69},[55,58908,192],{"class":99},[55,58910,1867],{"class":69},[55,58912,58913,58915,58917,58919,58921,58923,58925,58927],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,58914,121],{"class":120},[55,58916,103],{"class":69},[55,58918,192],{"class":99},[55,58920,44],{"class":69},[55,58922,41401],{"class":99},[55,58924,103],{"class":69},[55,58926,2633],{"class":99},[55,58928,1867],{"class":69},[55,58930,58931,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,58932,121],{"class":120},[55,58934,103],{"class":69},[55,58936,2608],{"class":99},[55,58938,4047],{"class":4040},[55,58940,8556],{"class":99},[55,58942,114],{"class":69},[55,58944,58945,58947,58949,58951,58953],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,58946,6115],{"class":4040},[55,58948,6118],{"class":61},[55,58950,4047],{"class":4040},[55,58952,8556],{"class":61},[55,58954,6552],{"class":69},[55,58956,58957,58959,58961,58963,58965,58967],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,58958,8230],{"class":120},[55,58960,103],{"class":69},[55,58962,41921],{"class":120},[55,58964,103],{"class":69},[55,58966,220],{"class":99},[55,58968,1867],{"class":69},[20,58970,58971],{},"These checks can help you see:",[155,58973,58974,58977,58980],{},[158,58975,58976],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[158,58978,58979],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[158,58981,58982],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58984,58985],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[155,58987,58988,58993,58996,59003],{},[158,58989,50636,58990,58992],{},[15,58991,57413],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[158,58994,58995],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[158,58997,11267,58998,59000,59001],{},[15,58999,57418],{}," with string ",[15,59002,57413],{},[158,59004,59005],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[142,59007,1986],{"id":1985},[577,59009,1990,59011,59013],{"id":59010},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59012,57418],{}," change the list?",[20,59015,59016],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[577,59018,59020],{"id":59019},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59022,12067,59023,44],{},[15,59024,227],{},[577,59026,2009,59028,59030],{"id":59027},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59029,57418],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59032,59033],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[577,59035,15052,59037,59039],{"id":59036},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59038,57418],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59041,42294,59042,352,59044,59046],{},[15,59043,57959],{},[15,59045,57956],{}," are different values.",[577,59048,5319,59050,59052,59053,2027],{"id":59049},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59051,3769],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59054,74],{},[20,59056,8947,59057,59059,59060,352,59062,59059,59064,44],{},[15,59058,3769],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59061,74],{},[15,59063,3838],{},[15,59065,227],{},[142,59067,2039],{"id":2038},[155,59069,59070,59074,59080,59084,59092,59099],{},[158,59071,59072],{},[36,59073,2063],{"href":974},[158,59075,59076],{},[36,59077,59079],{"href":59078},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[158,59081,59082],{},[36,59083,7095],{"href":6355},[158,59085,59086],{},[36,59087,39,59089,43],{"href":59088},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59090,59091],{},"index()",[158,59093,59094],{},[36,59095,3740,59097],{"href":59096},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59098,42503],{},[158,59100,59101],{},[36,59102,59103],{"href":58617},"What is a list in Python",[2080,59105,59106],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":59108},[59109,59110,59112,59113,59114,59120,59126,59128,59136,59147],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":57510,"depth":91,"text":59111},"What list.count() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":38159,"depth":91,"text":38160},{"id":57832,"depth":91,"text":57833,"children":59115},[59116,59117,59119],{"id":57864,"depth":117,"text":57865},{"id":57963,"depth":117,"text":59118},"1 and True can match",{"id":58062,"depth":117,"text":58063},{"id":58140,"depth":91,"text":58141,"children":59121},[59122,59123,59124,59125],{"id":58144,"depth":117,"text":58145},{"id":58223,"depth":117,"text":58224},{"id":58320,"depth":117,"text":58321},{"id":58395,"depth":117,"text":58396},{"id":58496,"depth":91,"text":59127},"When to use count()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":59129},[59130,59131,59133,59134],{"id":58627,"depth":117,"text":58628},{"id":58716,"depth":117,"text":59132},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58803,"depth":117,"text":58804},{"id":58876,"depth":117,"text":59135},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":59137},[59138,59140,59141,59143,59145],{"id":59010,"depth":117,"text":59139},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59019,"depth":117,"text":59020},{"id":59027,"depth":117,"text":59142},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59036,"depth":117,"text":59144},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59049,"depth":117,"text":59146},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57405,"description":59148},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59155,"title":59156,"body":59157,"description":61120,"extension":2124,"meta":61121,"navigation":428,"path":61122,"seo":61123,"stem":61124,"__hash__":61125},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59158,"toc":61083},[59159,59162,59165,59167,59295,59299,59380,59391,59393,59412,59416,59419,59422,59440,59442,59485,59489,59514,59523,59527,59532,59535,59652,59656,59725,59729,59741,59745,59748,59789,59793,59806,59809,59894,59898,59931,59938,59944,59949,59951,59963,59967,60000,60004,60036,60040,60077,60081,60101,60105,60139,60143,60172,60183,60187,60190,60193,60206,60263,60267,60306,60312,60315,60317,60320,60324,60327,60352,60354,60379,60386,60389,60434,60438,60457,60460,60499,60506,60511,60545,60549,60650,60657,60690,60694,60720,60724,60727,60765,60768,60805,60809,60812,60831,60835,60896,60898,60916,60920,60923,60926,60955,60957,60961,60964,60972,60976,60979,60999,61005,61011,61015,61018,61025,61033,61035,61074,61080],[10,59160,59156],{"id":59161},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59163,59164],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[142,59166,3774],{"id":3773},[46,59168,59170],{"className":48,"code":59169,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59171,59172,59192,59224,59232,59250,59254,59264,59274,59285],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59173,59174,59176,59178,59180,59182,59184,59186,59188,59190],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59175,62],{"class":61},[55,59177,66],{"class":65},[55,59179,70],{"class":69},[55,59181,74],{"class":73},[55,59183,77],{"class":69},[55,59185,80],{"class":73},[55,59187,77],{"class":69},[55,59189,111],{"class":73},[55,59191,88],{"class":69},[55,59193,59194,59196,59198,59200,59202,59204,59206,59208,59210,59212,59214,59216,59218,59220,59222],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,59195,5155],{"class":61},[55,59197,66],{"class":65},[55,59199,70],{"class":69},[55,59201,248],{"class":247},[55,59203,13036],{"class":251},[55,59205,248],{"class":247},[55,59207,77],{"class":69},[55,59209,258],{"class":247},[55,59211,36081],{"class":251},[55,59213,248],{"class":247},[55,59215,77],{"class":69},[55,59217,258],{"class":247},[55,59219,36090],{"class":251},[55,59221,248],{"class":247},[55,59223,88],{"class":69},[55,59225,59226,59228,59230],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,59227,56057],{"class":61},[55,59229,66],{"class":65},[55,59231,7999],{"class":69},[55,59233,59234,59236,59238,59240,59242,59244,59246,59248],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,59235,240],{"class":61},[55,59237,66],{"class":65},[55,59239,22705],{"class":1898},[55,59241,103],{"class":69},[55,59243,248],{"class":247},[55,59245,41702],{"class":251},[55,59247,248],{"class":247},[55,59249,114],{"class":69},[55,59251,59252],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,59253,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,59255,59256,59258,59260,59262],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,59257,121],{"class":120},[55,59259,103],{"class":69},[55,59261,94],{"class":99},[55,59263,114],{"class":69},[55,59265,59266,59268,59270,59272],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,59267,121],{"class":120},[55,59269,103],{"class":69},[55,59271,5199],{"class":99},[55,59273,114],{"class":69},[55,59275,59276,59278,59280,59283],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,59277,121],{"class":120},[55,59279,103],{"class":69},[55,59281,59282],{"class":99},"empty_list",[55,59284,114],{"class":69},[55,59286,59287,59289,59291,59293],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,59288,121],{"class":120},[55,59290,103],{"class":69},[55,59292,270],{"class":99},[55,59294,114],{"class":69},[20,59296,59297],{},[1966,59298,302],{},[46,59300,59302],{"className":48,"code":59301,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59303,59304,59320,59348,59352],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59305,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59307,312],{"class":69},[55,59309,74],{"class":73},[55,59311,77],{"class":69},[55,59313,80],{"class":73},[55,59315,77],{"class":69},[55,59317,111],{"class":73},[55,59319,88],{"class":69},[55,59321,59322,59324,59326,59328,59330,59332,59334,59336,59338,59340,59342,59344,59346],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,59323,312],{"class":69},[55,59325,315],{"class":247},[55,59327,13036],{"class":251},[55,59329,315],{"class":247},[55,59331,77],{"class":69},[55,59333,324],{"class":247},[55,59335,36081],{"class":251},[55,59337,315],{"class":247},[55,59339,77],{"class":69},[55,59341,324],{"class":247},[55,59343,36090],{"class":251},[55,59345,315],{"class":247},[55,59347,88],{"class":69},[55,59349,59350],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,59351,38437],{"class":69},[55,59353,59354,59356,59358,59360,59362,59364,59366,59368,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,59355,312],{"class":69},[55,59357,315],{"class":247},[55,59359,36],{"class":251},[55,59361,315],{"class":247},[55,59363,77],{"class":69},[55,59365,324],{"class":247},[55,59367,285],{"class":251},[55,59369,315],{"class":247},[55,59371,77],{"class":69},[55,59373,324],{"class":247},[55,59375,261],{"class":251},[55,59377,315],{"class":247},[55,59379,88],{"class":69},[20,59381,59382,59383,59385,59386,59388,59389,44],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59384,3950],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59387,24925],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59390,36337],{},[142,59392,15312],{"id":15311},[155,59394,59395,59398,59401,59404,59409],{},[158,59396,59397],{},"What a list is in Python",[158,59399,59400],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[158,59402,59403],{},"How to create an empty list",[158,59405,59406,59407,2465],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59408,24925],{},[158,59410,59411],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[142,59413,59415],{"id":59414},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59417,59418],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59420,59421],{},"This means:",[155,59423,59424,59427,59430,59433],{},[158,59425,59426],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[158,59428,59429],{},"The order of items is kept",[158,59431,59432],{},"A list can hold different data types",[158,59434,59435,59436,59439],{},"A list is ",[1966,59437,59438],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59441,230],{},[46,59443,59445],{"className":48,"code":59444,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59446,59447,59471,59475],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59448,59449,59451,59453,59455,59457,59459,59461,59463,59465,59467,59469],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59450,1026],{"class":61},[55,59452,66],{"class":65},[55,59454,70],{"class":69},[55,59456,248],{"class":247},[55,59458,1035],{"class":251},[55,59460,248],{"class":247},[55,59462,77],{"class":69},[55,59464,6162],{"class":73},[55,59466,77],{"class":69},[55,59468,4079],{"class":1312},[55,59470,88],{"class":69},[55,59472,59473],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,59474,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,59476,59477,59479,59481,59483],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,59478,121],{"class":120},[55,59480,103],{"class":69},[55,59482,1057],{"class":99},[55,59484,114],{"class":69},[20,59486,59487],{},[1966,59488,302],{},[46,59490,59492],{"className":48,"code":59491,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59493,59494],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59495,59496,59498,59500,59502,59504,59506,59508,59510,59512],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59497,312],{"class":69},[55,59499,315],{"class":247},[55,59501,1035],{"class":251},[55,59503,315],{"class":247},[55,59505,77],{"class":69},[55,59507,6162],{"class":73},[55,59509,77],{"class":69},[55,59511,4079],{"class":1312},[55,59513,88],{"class":69},[20,59515,59516,59517,3041,59520,44],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[36,59518,59519],{"href":974},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[36,59521,59522],{"href":58617},"What is a List in Python?",[142,59524,59526],{"id":59525},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59528,59382,59529,59531],{},[15,59530,3950],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59533,59534],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[46,59536,59538],{"className":48,"code":59537,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59539,59540,59560,59592,59617,59621,59631,59641],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59541,59542,59544,59546,59548,59550,59552,59554,59556,59558],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59543,62],{"class":61},[55,59545,66],{"class":65},[55,59547,70],{"class":69},[55,59549,74],{"class":73},[55,59551,77],{"class":69},[55,59553,80],{"class":73},[55,59555,77],{"class":69},[55,59557,111],{"class":73},[55,59559,88],{"class":69},[55,59561,59562,59564,59566,59568,59570,59572,59574,59576,59578,59580,59582,59584,59586,59588,59590],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,59563,5155],{"class":61},[55,59565,66],{"class":65},[55,59567,70],{"class":69},[55,59569,248],{"class":247},[55,59571,13036],{"class":251},[55,59573,248],{"class":247},[55,59575,77],{"class":69},[55,59577,258],{"class":247},[55,59579,36081],{"class":251},[55,59581,248],{"class":247},[55,59583,77],{"class":69},[55,59585,258],{"class":247},[55,59587,36090],{"class":251},[55,59589,248],{"class":247},[55,59591,88],{"class":69},[55,59593,59594,59597,59599,59601,59603,59605,59607,59609,59611,59613,59615],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,59595,59596],{"class":61},"mixed ",[55,59598,66],{"class":65},[55,59600,70],{"class":69},[55,59602,800],{"class":73},[55,59604,77],{"class":69},[55,59606,258],{"class":247},[55,59608,4009],{"class":251},[55,59610,248],{"class":247},[55,59612,77],{"class":69},[55,59614,4070],{"class":1312},[55,59616,88],{"class":69},[55,59618,59619],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,59620,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,59622,59623,59625,59627,59629],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,59624,121],{"class":120},[55,59626,103],{"class":69},[55,59628,94],{"class":99},[55,59630,114],{"class":69},[55,59632,59633,59635,59637,59639],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,59634,121],{"class":120},[55,59636,103],{"class":69},[55,59638,5199],{"class":99},[55,59640,114],{"class":69},[55,59642,59643,59645,59647,59650],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,59644,121],{"class":120},[55,59646,103],{"class":69},[55,59648,59649],{"class":99},"mixed",[55,59651,114],{"class":69},[20,59653,59654],{},[1966,59655,302],{},[46,59657,59659],{"className":48,"code":59658,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59660,59661,59677,59705],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59662,59663,59665,59667,59669,59671,59673,59675],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59664,312],{"class":69},[55,59666,74],{"class":73},[55,59668,77],{"class":69},[55,59670,80],{"class":73},[55,59672,77],{"class":69},[55,59674,111],{"class":73},[55,59676,88],{"class":69},[55,59678,59679,59681,59683,59685,59687,59689,59691,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701,59703],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,59680,312],{"class":69},[55,59682,315],{"class":247},[55,59684,13036],{"class":251},[55,59686,315],{"class":247},[55,59688,77],{"class":69},[55,59690,324],{"class":247},[55,59692,36081],{"class":251},[55,59694,315],{"class":247},[55,59696,77],{"class":69},[55,59698,324],{"class":247},[55,59700,36090],{"class":251},[55,59702,315],{"class":247},[55,59704,88],{"class":69},[55,59706,59707,59709,59711,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,59708,312],{"class":69},[55,59710,800],{"class":73},[55,59712,77],{"class":69},[55,59714,324],{"class":247},[55,59716,4009],{"class":251},[55,59718,315],{"class":247},[55,59720,77],{"class":69},[55,59722,4070],{"class":1312},[55,59724,88],{"class":69},[577,59726,59728],{"id":59727},"key-points","Key points",[155,59730,59731,59736,59738],{},[158,59732,31,59733,59735],{},[15,59734,3950],{}," to make a new list",[158,59737,15582],{},[158,59739,59740],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[142,59742,59744],{"id":59743},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59746,59747],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[46,59749,59751],{"className":48,"code":59750,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59752,59753,59761,59765,59775],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59754,59755,59757,59759],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59756,8469],{"class":61},[55,59758,66],{"class":65},[55,59760,7999],{"class":69},[55,59762,59763],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,59764,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,59766,59767,59769,59771,59773],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,59768,121],{"class":120},[55,59770,103],{"class":69},[55,59772,192],{"class":99},[55,59774,114],{"class":69},[55,59776,59777,59779,59781,59783,59785,59787],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,59778,121],{"class":120},[55,59780,103],{"class":69},[55,59782,1860],{"class":120},[55,59784,103],{"class":69},[55,59786,192],{"class":99},[55,59788,1867],{"class":69},[20,59790,59791],{},[1966,59792,302],{},[46,59794,59796],{"className":48,"code":59795,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[]\n0\n",[15,59797,59798,59802],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59799,59800],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59801,38437],{"class":69},[55,59803,59804],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,59805,47395],{"class":73},[20,59807,59808],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[46,59810,59812],{"className":48,"code":59811,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59813,59814,59822,59826,59844,59862,59880,59884],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59815,59816,59818,59820],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59817,5155],{"class":61},[55,59819,66],{"class":65},[55,59821,7999],{"class":69},[55,59823,59824],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,59825,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,59827,59828,59830,59832,59834,59836,59838,59840,59842],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,59829,5199],{"class":61},[55,59831,44],{"class":69},[55,59833,1100],{"class":99},[55,59835,103],{"class":69},[55,59837,248],{"class":247},[55,59839,13036],{"class":251},[55,59841,248],{"class":247},[55,59843,114],{"class":69},[55,59845,59846,59848,59850,59852,59854,59856,59858,59860],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,59847,5199],{"class":61},[55,59849,44],{"class":69},[55,59851,1100],{"class":99},[55,59853,103],{"class":69},[55,59855,248],{"class":247},[55,59857,36081],{"class":251},[55,59859,248],{"class":247},[55,59861,114],{"class":69},[55,59863,59864,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,59865,5199],{"class":61},[55,59867,44],{"class":69},[55,59869,1100],{"class":99},[55,59871,103],{"class":69},[55,59873,248],{"class":247},[55,59875,36090],{"class":251},[55,59877,248],{"class":247},[55,59879,114],{"class":69},[55,59881,59882],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,59883,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,59885,59886,59888,59890,59892],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,59887,121],{"class":120},[55,59889,103],{"class":69},[55,59891,5199],{"class":99},[55,59893,114],{"class":69},[20,59895,59896],{},[1966,59897,302],{},[46,59899,59901],{"className":48,"code":59900,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59902,59903],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59904,59905,59907,59909,59911,59913,59915,59917,59919,59921,59923,59925,59927,59929],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59906,312],{"class":69},[55,59908,315],{"class":247},[55,59910,13036],{"class":251},[55,59912,315],{"class":247},[55,59914,77],{"class":69},[55,59916,324],{"class":247},[55,59918,36081],{"class":251},[55,59920,315],{"class":247},[55,59922,77],{"class":69},[55,59924,324],{"class":247},[55,59926,36090],{"class":251},[55,59928,315],{"class":247},[55,59930,88],{"class":69},[20,59932,59933,59934,44],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[36,59935,59936,43],{"href":38},[15,59937,42],{},[142,59939,59941,59942],{"id":59940},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59943,24925],{},[20,59945,31,59946,59948],{},[15,59947,24925],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59950,5616],{},[155,59952,59953,59955,59957,59959],{},[158,59954,5469],{},[158,59956,5463],{},[158,59958,5466],{},[158,59960,59961],{},[15,59962,36337],{},[577,59964,59966],{"id":59965},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[46,59968,59970],{"className":48,"code":59969,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59971,59972,59990],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59973,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59975,240],{"class":61},[55,59977,66],{"class":65},[55,59979,22705],{"class":1898},[55,59981,103],{"class":69},[55,59983,248],{"class":247},[55,59985,41702],{"class":251},[55,59987,248],{"class":247},[55,59989,114],{"class":69},[55,59991,59992,59994,59996,59998],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,59993,121],{"class":120},[55,59995,103],{"class":69},[55,59997,270],{"class":99},[55,59999,114],{"class":69},[20,60001,60002],{},[1966,60003,302],{},[46,60005,60006],{"className":48,"code":305,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,60007,60008],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60009,60010,60012,60014,60016,60018,60020,60022,60024,60026,60028,60030,60032,60034],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60011,312],{"class":69},[55,60013,315],{"class":247},[55,60015,36],{"class":251},[55,60017,315],{"class":247},[55,60019,77],{"class":69},[55,60021,324],{"class":247},[55,60023,285],{"class":251},[55,60025,315],{"class":247},[55,60027,77],{"class":69},[55,60029,324],{"class":247},[55,60031,261],{"class":251},[55,60033,315],{"class":247},[55,60035,88],{"class":69},[577,60037,60039],{"id":60038},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[46,60041,60043],{"className":48,"code":60042,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60044,60045,60067],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60046,60047,60049,60051,60053,60055,60057,60059,60061,60063,60065],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60048,62],{"class":61},[55,60050,66],{"class":65},[55,60052,22705],{"class":1898},[55,60054,5669],{"class":69},[55,60056,74],{"class":73},[55,60058,77],{"class":69},[55,60060,80],{"class":73},[55,60062,77],{"class":69},[55,60064,111],{"class":73},[55,60066,1867],{"class":69},[55,60068,60069,60071,60073,60075],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,60070,121],{"class":120},[55,60072,103],{"class":69},[55,60074,94],{"class":99},[55,60076,114],{"class":69},[20,60078,60079],{},[1966,60080,302],{},[46,60082,60083],{"className":48,"code":55279,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,60084,60085],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60086,60087,60089,60091,60093,60095,60097,60099],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60088,312],{"class":69},[55,60090,74],{"class":73},[55,60092,77],{"class":69},[55,60094,80],{"class":73},[55,60096,77],{"class":69},[55,60098,111],{"class":73},[55,60100,88],{"class":69},[577,60102,60104],{"id":60103},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[46,60106,60108],{"className":48,"code":60107,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60109,60110,60129],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60111,60112,60114,60116,60118,60120,60123,60125,60127],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60113,3986],{"class":61},[55,60115,66],{"class":65},[55,60117,22705],{"class":1898},[55,60119,103],{"class":69},[55,60121,60122],{"class":120},"range",[55,60124,103],{"class":69},[55,60126,2297],{"class":73},[55,60128,1867],{"class":69},[55,60130,60131,60133,60135,60137],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,60132,121],{"class":120},[55,60134,103],{"class":69},[55,60136,5519],{"class":99},[55,60138,114],{"class":69},[20,60140,60141],{},[1966,60142,302],{},[46,60144,60146],{"className":48,"code":60145,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60147,60148],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60149,60150,60152,60154,60156,60158,60160,60162,60164,60166,60168,60170],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60151,312],{"class":69},[55,60153,227],{"class":73},[55,60155,77],{"class":69},[55,60157,630],{"class":73},[55,60159,77],{"class":69},[55,60161,80],{"class":73},[55,60163,77],{"class":69},[55,60165,111],{"class":73},[55,60167,77],{"class":69},[55,60169,85],{"class":73},[55,60171,88],{"class":69},[20,60173,60174,60176,60177,44],{},[15,60175,24925],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[36,60178,60180,60182],{"href":60179},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60181,24925],{},": Function Explained",[142,60184,60186],{"id":60185},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60188,60189],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60191,60192],{},"Examples include:",[155,60194,60195,60197,60199,60201,60203],{},[158,60196,5469],{},[158,60198,40565],{},[158,60200,52190],{},[158,60202,40735],{},[158,60204,60205],{},"other lists",[46,60207,60209],{"className":48,"code":60208,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60210,60211,60249,60253],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60212,60213,60215,60217,60219,60221,60223,60225,60227,60229,60231,60233,60235,60237,60239,60241,60243,60245,60247],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60214,9327],{"class":61},[55,60216,66],{"class":65},[55,60218,70],{"class":69},[55,60220,248],{"class":247},[55,60222,13036],{"class":251},[55,60224,248],{"class":247},[55,60226,77],{"class":69},[55,60228,9468],{"class":73},[55,60230,77],{"class":69},[55,60232,4079],{"class":1312},[55,60234,77],{"class":69},[55,60236,70],{"class":69},[55,60238,74],{"class":73},[55,60240,77],{"class":69},[55,60242,80],{"class":73},[55,60244,77],{"class":69},[55,60246,111],{"class":73},[55,60248,53382],{"class":69},[55,60250,60251],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,60252,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,60254,60255,60257,60259,60261],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,60256,121],{"class":120},[55,60258,103],{"class":69},[55,60260,9366],{"class":99},[55,60262,114],{"class":69},[20,60264,60265],{},[1966,60266,302],{},[46,60268,60270],{"className":48,"code":60269,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60271,60272],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60273,60274,60276,60278,60280,60282,60284,60286,60288,60290,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60275,312],{"class":69},[55,60277,315],{"class":247},[55,60279,13036],{"class":251},[55,60281,315],{"class":247},[55,60283,77],{"class":69},[55,60285,9468],{"class":73},[55,60287,77],{"class":69},[55,60289,4079],{"class":1312},[55,60291,77],{"class":69},[55,60293,70],{"class":69},[55,60295,74],{"class":73},[55,60297,77],{"class":69},[55,60299,80],{"class":73},[55,60301,77],{"class":69},[55,60303,111],{"class":73},[55,60305,53382],{"class":69},[20,60307,60308,60309,44],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[1966,60310,60311],{},"nested list",[20,60313,60314],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[142,60316,1211],{"id":1210},[20,60318,60319],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[577,60321,60323],{"id":60322},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60325,60326],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[46,60328,60330],{"className":48,"code":60329,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60331,60332,60336],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60333,60334],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60335,4696],{"class":133},[55,60337,60338,60340,60342,60344,60346,60348,60350],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,60339,62],{"class":61},[55,60341,66],{"class":65},[55,60343,70],{"class":69},[55,60345,74],{"class":73},[55,60347,80],{"class":73},[55,60349,111],{"class":73},[55,60351,88],{"class":69},[20,60353,10967],{},[46,60355,60357],{"className":48,"code":60356,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60358,60359],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60360,60361,60363,60365,60367,60369,60371,60373,60375,60377],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60362,62],{"class":61},[55,60364,66],{"class":65},[55,60366,70],{"class":69},[55,60368,74],{"class":73},[55,60370,77],{"class":69},[55,60372,80],{"class":73},[55,60374,77],{"class":69},[55,60376,111],{"class":73},[55,60378,88],{"class":69},[577,60380,8578,60382,11252,60384],{"id":60381},"using-instead-of",[15,60383,7526],{},[15,60385,3950],{},[20,60387,60388],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[46,60390,60392],{"className":48,"code":60391,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60393,60394,60415,60419],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60395,60396,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411,60413],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60397,60398],{"class":61},"my_values ",[55,60400,66],{"class":65},[55,60402,9398],{"class":69},[55,60404,74],{"class":73},[55,60406,77],{"class":69},[55,60408,80],{"class":73},[55,60410,77],{"class":69},[55,60412,111],{"class":73},[55,60414,114],{"class":69},[55,60416,60417],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,60418,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,60420,60421,60423,60425,60427,60429,60432],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,60422,121],{"class":120},[55,60424,103],{"class":69},[55,60426,1910],{"class":1898},[55,60428,103],{"class":69},[55,60430,60431],{"class":99},"my_values",[55,60433,1867],{"class":69},[20,60435,60436],{},[1966,60437,302],{},[46,60439,60441],{"className":48,"code":60440,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60442,60443],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60444,60445,60447,60449,60451,60453,60455],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60446,3454],{"class":65},[55,60448,3457],{"class":2226},[55,60450,324],{"class":247},[55,60452,49097],{"class":251},[55,60454,315],{"class":247},[55,60456,3466],{"class":65},[20,60458,60459],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[46,60461,60463],{"className":48,"code":60462,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60464,60465,60485],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60466,60467,60469,60471,60473,60475,60477,60479,60481,60483],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60468,60398],{"class":61},[55,60470,66],{"class":65},[55,60472,70],{"class":69},[55,60474,74],{"class":73},[55,60476,77],{"class":69},[55,60478,80],{"class":73},[55,60480,77],{"class":69},[55,60482,111],{"class":73},[55,60484,88],{"class":69},[55,60486,60487,60489,60491,60493,60495,60497],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,60488,121],{"class":120},[55,60490,103],{"class":69},[55,60492,1910],{"class":1898},[55,60494,103],{"class":69},[55,60496,60431],{"class":99},[55,60498,1867],{"class":69},[577,60500,1553,60502,60505],{"id":60501},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60503,60504],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60507,60508,60510],{},[15,60509,24925],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[46,60512,60514],{"className":48,"code":60513,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60515,60516,60535],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60517,60518,60520,60522,60524,60526,60528,60531,60533],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60519,1255],{"class":61},[55,60521,66],{"class":65},[55,60523,22705],{"class":1898},[55,60525,103],{"class":69},[55,60527,248],{"class":247},[55,60529,60530],{"class":251},"hello world",[55,60532,248],{"class":247},[55,60534,114],{"class":69},[55,60536,60537,60539,60541,60543],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,60538,121],{"class":120},[55,60540,103],{"class":69},[55,60542,1288],{"class":99},[55,60544,114],{"class":69},[20,60546,60547],{},[1966,60548,302],{},[46,60550,60552],{"className":48,"code":60551,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60553,60554],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60555,60556,60558,60560,60563,60565,60567,60569,60572,60574,60576,60578,60581,60583,60585,60587,60589,60591,60593,60595,60598,60600,60602,60604,60606,60608,60610,60613,60615,60617,60619,60621,60623,60625,60627,60630,60632,60634,60636,60638,60640,60642,60644,60646,60648],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60557,312],{"class":69},[55,60559,315],{"class":247},[55,60561,60562],{"class":251},"h",[55,60564,315],{"class":247},[55,60566,77],{"class":69},[55,60568,324],{"class":247},[55,60570,60571],{"class":251},"e",[55,60573,315],{"class":247},[55,60575,77],{"class":69},[55,60577,324],{"class":247},[55,60579,60580],{"class":251},"l",[55,60582,315],{"class":247},[55,60584,77],{"class":69},[55,60586,324],{"class":247},[55,60588,60580],{"class":251},[55,60590,315],{"class":247},[55,60592,77],{"class":69},[55,60594,324],{"class":247},[55,60596,60597],{"class":251},"o",[55,60599,315],{"class":247},[55,60601,77],{"class":69},[55,60603,324],{"class":247},[55,60605,324],{"class":247},[55,60607,77],{"class":69},[55,60609,324],{"class":247},[55,60611,60612],{"class":251},"w",[55,60614,315],{"class":247},[55,60616,77],{"class":69},[55,60618,324],{"class":247},[55,60620,60597],{"class":251},[55,60622,315],{"class":247},[55,60624,77],{"class":69},[55,60626,324],{"class":247},[55,60628,60629],{"class":251},"r",[55,60631,315],{"class":247},[55,60633,77],{"class":69},[55,60635,324],{"class":247},[55,60637,60580],{"class":251},[55,60639,315],{"class":247},[55,60641,77],{"class":69},[55,60643,324],{"class":247},[55,60645,886],{"class":251},[55,60647,315],{"class":247},[55,60649,88],{"class":69},[20,60651,60652,60653,60656],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60654,60655],{},"split()"," instead:",[46,60658,60660],{"className":48,"code":60659,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60661,60662,60680],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60663,60664,60666,60668,60670,60672,60674,60676,60678],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60665,4234],{"class":61},[55,60667,66],{"class":65},[55,60669,258],{"class":247},[55,60671,60530],{"class":251},[55,60673,248],{"class":247},[55,60675,44],{"class":69},[55,60677,34610],{"class":99},[55,60679,8804],{"class":69},[55,60681,60682,60684,60686,60688],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,60683,121],{"class":120},[55,60685,103],{"class":69},[55,60687,4276],{"class":99},[55,60689,114],{"class":69},[20,60691,60692],{},[1966,60693,302],{},[46,60695,60697],{"className":48,"code":60696,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60698,60699],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60700,60701,60703,60705,60707,60709,60711,60713,60716,60718],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60702,312],{"class":69},[55,60704,315],{"class":247},[55,60706,4009],{"class":251},[55,60708,315],{"class":247},[55,60710,77],{"class":69},[55,60712,324],{"class":247},[55,60714,60715],{"class":251},"world",[55,60717,315],{"class":247},[55,60719,88],{"class":69},[577,60721,60723],{"id":60722},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60725,60726],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[46,60728,60730],{"className":48,"code":60729,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60731,60732,60736],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60733,60734],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60735,4696],{"class":133},[55,60737,60738,60740,60742,60744,60746,60748,60750,60752,60754,60757,60759,60761,60763],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,60739,5155],{"class":61},[55,60741,66],{"class":65},[55,60743,70],{"class":69},[55,60745,248],{"class":247},[55,60747,13036],{"class":251},[55,60749,248],{"class":247},[55,60751,77],{"class":69},[55,60753,258],{"class":247},[55,60755,60756],{"class":251},"Ben', ",[55,60758,248],{"class":247},[55,60760,36090],{"class":61},[55,60762,248],{"class":247},[55,60764,88],{"class":251},[20,60766,60767],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[46,60769,60771],{"className":48,"code":60770,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60772,60773],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60774,60775,60777,60779,60781,60783,60785,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795,60797,60799,60801,60803],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60776,5155],{"class":61},[55,60778,66],{"class":65},[55,60780,70],{"class":69},[55,60782,248],{"class":247},[55,60784,13036],{"class":251},[55,60786,248],{"class":247},[55,60788,77],{"class":69},[55,60790,258],{"class":247},[55,60792,36081],{"class":251},[55,60794,248],{"class":247},[55,60796,77],{"class":69},[55,60798,258],{"class":247},[55,60800,36090],{"class":251},[55,60802,248],{"class":247},[55,60804,88],{"class":69},[577,60806,60808],{"id":60807},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60810,60811],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[155,60813,60814,60817,60820,60825],{},[158,60815,60816],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[158,60818,60819],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[158,60821,60822,60823],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60824,24925],{},[158,60826,1553,60827,60830],{},[15,60828,60829],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[577,60832,60834],{"id":60833},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[46,60836,60838],{"className":48,"code":60837,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60839,60840,60850,60864,60878],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60841,60842,60844,60846,60848],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60843,121],{"class":120},[55,60845,103],{"class":69},[55,60847,192],{"class":99},[55,60849,114],{"class":69},[55,60851,60852,60854,60856,60858,60860,60862],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,60853,121],{"class":120},[55,60855,103],{"class":69},[55,60857,1910],{"class":1898},[55,60859,103],{"class":69},[55,60861,192],{"class":99},[55,60863,1867],{"class":69},[55,60865,60866,60868,60870,60872,60874,60876],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,60867,121],{"class":120},[55,60869,103],{"class":69},[55,60871,1860],{"class":120},[55,60873,103],{"class":69},[55,60875,192],{"class":99},[55,60877,1867],{"class":69},[55,60879,60880,60882,60884,60886,60888,60890,60892,60894],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,60881,121],{"class":120},[55,60883,103],{"class":69},[55,60885,1899],{"class":1898},[55,60887,103],{"class":69},[55,60889,60122],{"class":120},[55,60891,103],{"class":69},[55,60893,2297],{"class":73},[55,60895,3075],{"class":69},[20,60897,26152],{},[155,60899,60900,60903,60906,60909],{},[158,60901,60902],{},"what the list contains",[158,60904,60905],{},"whether the value is really a list",[158,60907,60908],{},"how many items it has",[158,60910,26163,60911,60913,60914],{},[15,60912,24925],{}," does with ",[15,60915,36337],{},[142,60917,60919],{"id":60918},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60921,60922],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60924,60925],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[155,60927,60928,60943,60948],{},[158,60929,31,60930,2352,60934,17222,60938,60942],{},[36,60931,60932],{"href":38},[15,60933,42],{},[36,60935,60936],{"href":1823},[15,60937,1826],{},[36,60939,60940],{"href":54045},[15,60941,17],{}," to add items later",[158,60944,31,60945,60947],{},[36,60946,59519],{"href":974}," for a broader introduction",[158,60949,31,60950,60954],{},[36,60951,60952,60182],{"href":60179},[15,60953,24925],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[142,60956,1986],{"id":1985},[577,60958,60960],{"id":60959},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60962,60963],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[46,60965,60966],{"className":48,"code":38437,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,60967,60968],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60969,60970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60971,38437],{"class":69},[577,60973,60975],{"id":60974},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60977,60978],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[46,60980,60981],{"className":48,"code":55279,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,60982,60983],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60984,60985,60987,60989,60991,60993,60995,60997],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60986,312],{"class":69},[55,60988,74],{"class":73},[55,60990,77],{"class":69},[55,60992,80],{"class":73},[55,60994,77],{"class":69},[55,60996,111],{"class":73},[55,60998,88],{"class":69},[577,61000,5303,61002,61004],{"id":61001},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61003,24925],{}," do in Python?",[20,61006,61007,61008,61010],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61009,36337],{},", into a list.",[577,61012,61014],{"id":61013},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61016,61017],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[577,61019,2022,61021,352,61023,2027],{"id":61020},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61022,3950],{},[15,61024,7526],{},[20,61026,61027,61029,61030,61032],{},[15,61028,3950],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61031,7526],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[142,61034,2039],{"id":2038},[155,61036,61037,61041,61047,61053,61059,61065,61069],{},[158,61038,61039],{},[36,61040,59519],{"href":974},[158,61042,61043],{},[36,61044,39,61045,18],{"href":38},[15,61046,42],{},[158,61048,61049],{},[36,61050,39,61051,18],{"href":1823},[15,61052,1826],{},[158,61054,61055],{},[36,61056,39,61057,18],{"href":54045},[15,61058,17],{},[158,61060,61061],{},[36,61062,3740,61063,3744],{"href":60179},[15,61064,24925],{},[158,61066,61067],{},[36,61068,59522],{"href":58617},[158,61070,61071],{},[36,61072,61073],{"href":12221},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61075,61076,61077,61079],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61078,42],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2080,61081,61082],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":61084},[61085,61086,61087,61088,61091,61092,61098,61099,61109,61110,61119],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":15311,"depth":91,"text":15312},{"id":59414,"depth":91,"text":59415},{"id":59525,"depth":91,"text":59526,"children":61089},[61090],{"id":59727,"depth":117,"text":59728},{"id":59743,"depth":91,"text":59744},{"id":59940,"depth":91,"text":61093,"children":61094},"Create a list with list()",[61095,61096,61097],{"id":59965,"depth":117,"text":59966},{"id":60038,"depth":117,"text":60039},{"id":60103,"depth":117,"text":60104},{"id":60185,"depth":91,"text":60186},{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":61100},[61101,61102,61104,61106,61107,61108],{"id":60322,"depth":117,"text":60323},{"id":60381,"depth":117,"text":61103},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60501,"depth":117,"text":61105},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60722,"depth":117,"text":60723},{"id":60807,"depth":117,"text":60808},{"id":60833,"depth":117,"text":60834},{"id":60918,"depth":91,"text":60919},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":61111},[61112,61113,61114,61116,61117],{"id":60959,"depth":117,"text":60960},{"id":60974,"depth":117,"text":60975},{"id":61001,"depth":117,"text":61115},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61013,"depth":117,"text":61014},{"id":61020,"depth":117,"text":61118},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59156,"description":61120},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61127,"title":61128,"body":61129,"description":62870,"extension":2124,"meta":62871,"navigation":428,"path":62872,"seo":62873,"stem":62874,"__hash__":62875},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61130,"toc":62825},[61131,61136,61141,61144,61146,61217,61222,61227,61231,61245,61250,61252,61272,61277,61280,61303,61307,61312,61404,61406,61428,61434,61440,61447,61454,61460,61517,61523,61581,61583,61595,61603,61609,61614,61618,61675,61678,61682,61741,61744,61748,61806,61818,61822,61875,61878,61882,61888,61894,61956,61959,62020,62023,62079,62084,62086,62090,62097,62158,62163,62172,62228,62235,62239,62297,62306,62364,62368,62403,62407,62417,62420,62475,62489,62492,62607,62612,62616,62627,62629,62708,62718,62720,62725,62730,62737,62745,62751,62754,62760,62763,62769,62775,62777,62813,62822],[10,61132,13,61134,18],{"id":61133},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61135,1826],{},[20,61137,61138,61140],{},[15,61139,53486],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61142,61143],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[142,61145,2165],{"id":2164},[46,61147,61149],{"className":48,"code":61148,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61150,61151,61167,61184,61188,61203,61213],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61152,61153,61155,61157,61159,61161,61163,61165],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61154,62],{"class":61},[55,61156,66],{"class":65},[55,61158,70],{"class":69},[55,61160,74],{"class":73},[55,61162,77],{"class":69},[55,61164,80],{"class":73},[55,61166,88],{"class":69},[55,61168,61169,61172,61174,61176,61178,61180,61182],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,61170,61171],{"class":61},"more_numbers ",[55,61173,66],{"class":65},[55,61175,70],{"class":69},[55,61177,2223],{"class":73},[55,61179,77],{"class":69},[55,61181,85],{"class":73},[55,61183,88],{"class":69},[55,61185,61186],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,61187,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,61189,61190,61192,61194,61196,61198,61201],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,61191,94],{"class":61},[55,61193,44],{"class":69},[55,61195,53614],{"class":99},[55,61197,103],{"class":69},[55,61199,61200],{"class":99},"more_numbers",[55,61202,114],{"class":69},[55,61204,61205,61207,61209,61211],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,61206,121],{"class":120},[55,61208,103],{"class":69},[55,61210,94],{"class":99},[55,61212,114],{"class":69},[55,61214,61215],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,61216,134],{"class":133},[20,61218,31,61219,61221],{},[15,61220,1826],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[142,61223,145,61225,148],{"id":61224},"what-listextend-does",[15,61226,53486],{},[20,61228,61229,153],{},[15,61230,1826],{},[155,61232,61233,61236,61238,61241],{},[158,61234,61235],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[158,61237,166],{},[158,61239,61240],{},"Does not create a new list",[158,61242,169,61243],{},[15,61244,172],{},[20,61246,61247,61248,53938],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61249,1826],{},[142,61251,2319],{"id":2318},[46,61253,61255],{"className":48,"code":61254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61256,61257],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61258,61259,61262,61264,61266,61268,61270],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61260,61261],{"class":61},"list_name",[55,61263,44],{"class":69},[55,61265,53614],{"class":99},[55,61267,103],{"class":69},[55,61269,3884],{"class":99},[55,61271,114],{"class":69},[20,61273,5611,61274,61276],{},[1966,61275,3884],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61278,61279],{},"Common iterables include:",[155,61281,61282,61286,61290,61294,61299],{},[158,61283,61284],{},[15,61285,1899],{},[158,61287,61288],{},[15,61289,49097],{},[158,61291,61292],{},[15,61293,6445],{},[158,61295,61296],{},[15,61297,61298],{},"string",[158,61300,61301],{},[15,61302,60122],{},[142,61304,61306],{"id":61305},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61308,61309,61310,153],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61311,1826],{},[46,61313,61315],{"className":48,"code":61314,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61316,61317,61341,61366,61370,61385,61389,61399],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61318,61319,61321,61323,61325,61327,61329,61331,61333,61335,61337,61339],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61320,36378],{"class":61},[55,61322,66],{"class":65},[55,61324,70],{"class":69},[55,61326,248],{"class":247},[55,61328,1035],{"class":251},[55,61330,248],{"class":247},[55,61332,77],{"class":69},[55,61334,258],{"class":247},[55,61336,1072],{"class":251},[55,61338,248],{"class":247},[55,61340,88],{"class":69},[55,61342,61343,61346,61348,61350,61352,61354,61356,61358,61360,61362,61364],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,61344,61345],{"class":61},"more_fruits ",[55,61347,66],{"class":65},[55,61349,70],{"class":69},[55,61351,248],{"class":247},[55,61353,1044],{"class":251},[55,61355,248],{"class":247},[55,61357,77],{"class":69},[55,61359,258],{"class":247},[55,61361,1107],{"class":251},[55,61363,248],{"class":247},[55,61365,88],{"class":69},[55,61367,61368],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,61369,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,61371,61372,61374,61376,61378,61380,61383],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,61373,36430],{"class":61},[55,61375,44],{"class":69},[55,61377,53614],{"class":99},[55,61379,103],{"class":69},[55,61381,61382],{"class":99},"more_fruits",[55,61384,114],{"class":69},[55,61386,61387],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,61388,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,61390,61391,61393,61395,61397],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,61392,121],{"class":120},[55,61394,103],{"class":69},[55,61396,36430],{"class":99},[55,61398,114],{"class":69},[55,61400,61401],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,61402,61403],{"class":133},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61405,11840],{},[155,61407,61408,61413,61418],{},[158,61409,61410,61412],{},[15,61411,36430],{}," starts with two items",[158,61414,61415,61417],{},[15,61416,61382],{}," has two more items",[158,61419,61420,61422,61423,61425,61426],{},[15,61421,1826],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61424,61382],{}," to ",[15,61427,36430],{},[20,61429,61430,61431,61433],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61432,36430],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61435,54696,61436,352,61438,44],{},[36,61437,2063],{"href":974},[36,61439,1982],{"href":1981},[142,61441,61443,982,61445],{"id":61442},"extend-vs-append",[15,61444,1826],{},[15,61446,42],{},[20,61448,61449,352,61451,61453],{},[15,61450,1826],{},[15,61452,42],{}," are often confused.",[577,61455,61457,61459],{"id":61456},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61458,1826],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[46,61461,61463],{"className":48,"code":61462,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61464,61465,61481,61499,61503,61513],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61466,61467,61469,61471,61473,61475,61477,61479],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61468,62],{"class":61},[55,61470,66],{"class":65},[55,61472,70],{"class":69},[55,61474,74],{"class":73},[55,61476,77],{"class":69},[55,61478,80],{"class":73},[55,61480,88],{"class":69},[55,61482,61483,61485,61487,61489,61491,61493,61495,61497],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,61484,94],{"class":61},[55,61486,44],{"class":69},[55,61488,53614],{"class":99},[55,61490,3149],{"class":69},[55,61492,2223],{"class":73},[55,61494,77],{"class":69},[55,61496,85],{"class":73},[55,61498,1777],{"class":69},[55,61500,61501],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,61502,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,61504,61505,61507,61509,61511],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,61506,121],{"class":120},[55,61508,103],{"class":69},[55,61510,94],{"class":99},[55,61512,114],{"class":69},[55,61514,61515],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,61516,134],{"class":133},[577,61518,61520,61522],{"id":61519},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61521,42],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[46,61524,61526],{"className":48,"code":61525,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61527,61528,61544,61562,61566,61576],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61529,61530,61532,61534,61536,61538,61540,61542],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61531,62],{"class":61},[55,61533,66],{"class":65},[55,61535,70],{"class":69},[55,61537,74],{"class":73},[55,61539,77],{"class":69},[55,61541,80],{"class":73},[55,61543,88],{"class":69},[55,61545,61546,61548,61550,61552,61554,61556,61558,61560],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,61547,94],{"class":61},[55,61549,44],{"class":69},[55,61551,1100],{"class":99},[55,61553,3149],{"class":69},[55,61555,2223],{"class":73},[55,61557,77],{"class":69},[55,61559,85],{"class":73},[55,61561,1777],{"class":69},[55,61563,61564],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,61565,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,61567,61568,61570,61572,61574],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,61569,121],{"class":120},[55,61571,103],{"class":69},[55,61573,94],{"class":99},[55,61575,114],{"class":69},[55,61577,61578],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,61579,61580],{"class":133},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61582,18842],{},[155,61584,61585,61590],{},[158,61586,61587,61589],{},[15,61588,1826],{}," to combine values",[158,61591,61592,61594],{},[15,61593,42],{}," to add one item",[20,61596,42235,61597,352,61601,44],{},[36,61598,39,61599,43],{"href":38},[15,61600,42],{},[36,61602,1207],{"href":1206},[142,61604,8578,61606,61608],{"id":61605},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61607,1826],{}," with different iterables",[20,61610,61611,61613],{},[15,61612,1826],{}," works with more than just lists.",[577,61615,61617],{"id":61616},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[46,61619,61621],{"className":48,"code":61620,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61622,61623,61639,61657,61661,61671],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61624,61625,61627,61629,61631,61633,61635,61637],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61626,3986],{"class":61},[55,61628,66],{"class":65},[55,61630,70],{"class":69},[55,61632,74],{"class":73},[55,61634,77],{"class":69},[55,61636,80],{"class":73},[55,61638,88],{"class":69},[55,61640,61641,61643,61645,61647,61649,61651,61653,61655],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,61642,5519],{"class":61},[55,61644,44],{"class":69},[55,61646,53614],{"class":99},[55,61648,5669],{"class":69},[55,61650,2223],{"class":73},[55,61652,77],{"class":69},[55,61654,85],{"class":73},[55,61656,1867],{"class":69},[55,61658,61659],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,61660,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,61662,61663,61665,61667,61669],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,61664,121],{"class":120},[55,61666,103],{"class":69},[55,61668,5519],{"class":99},[55,61670,114],{"class":69},[55,61672,61673],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,61674,134],{"class":133},[20,61676,61677],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[577,61679,61681],{"id":61680},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[46,61683,61685],{"className":48,"code":61684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61686,61687,61703,61722,61726,61736],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61688,61689,61691,61693,61695,61697,61699,61701],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61690,240],{"class":61},[55,61692,66],{"class":65},[55,61694,70],{"class":69},[55,61696,248],{"class":247},[55,61698,36],{"class":251},[55,61700,248],{"class":247},[55,61702,88],{"class":69},[55,61704,61705,61707,61709,61711,61713,61715,61718,61720],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,61706,270],{"class":61},[55,61708,44],{"class":69},[55,61710,53614],{"class":99},[55,61712,103],{"class":69},[55,61714,248],{"class":247},[55,61716,61717],{"class":251},"bc",[55,61719,248],{"class":247},[55,61721,114],{"class":69},[55,61723,61724],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,61725,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,61727,61728,61730,61732,61734],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,61729,121],{"class":120},[55,61731,103],{"class":69},[55,61733,270],{"class":99},[55,61735,114],{"class":69},[55,61737,61738],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,61739,61740],{"class":133},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61742,61743],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[577,61745,61747],{"id":61746},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[46,61749,61751],{"className":48,"code":61750,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61752,61753,61765,61787,61791,61801],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61754,61755,61757,61759,61761,61763],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61756,62],{"class":61},[55,61758,66],{"class":65},[55,61760,70],{"class":69},[55,61762,227],{"class":73},[55,61764,88],{"class":69},[55,61766,61767,61769,61771,61773,61775,61777,61779,61781,61783,61785],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,61768,94],{"class":61},[55,61770,44],{"class":69},[55,61772,53614],{"class":99},[55,61774,103],{"class":69},[55,61776,60122],{"class":120},[55,61778,103],{"class":69},[55,61780,74],{"class":73},[55,61782,77],{"class":69},[55,61784,85],{"class":73},[55,61786,1867],{"class":69},[55,61788,61789],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,61790,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,61792,61793,61795,61797,61799],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,61794,121],{"class":120},[55,61796,103],{"class":69},[55,61798,94],{"class":99},[55,61800,114],{"class":69},[55,61802,61803],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,61804,61805],{"class":133},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61807,61808,61811,61812,2352,61814,17222,61816,44],{},[15,61809,61810],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61813,74],{},[15,61815,106],{},[15,61817,2223],{},[577,61819,61821],{"id":61820},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[46,61823,61825],{"className":48,"code":61824,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61826,61827,61843,61861,61865],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61828,61829,61831,61833,61835,61837,61839,61841],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61830,1026],{"class":61},[55,61832,66],{"class":65},[55,61834,70],{"class":69},[55,61836,74],{"class":73},[55,61838,77],{"class":69},[55,61840,80],{"class":73},[55,61842,88],{"class":69},[55,61844,61845,61847,61849,61851,61853,61855,61857,61859],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,61846,1057],{"class":61},[55,61848,44],{"class":69},[55,61850,53614],{"class":99},[55,61852,5688],{"class":69},[55,61854,2223],{"class":73},[55,61856,77],{"class":69},[55,61858,85],{"class":73},[55,61860,30640],{"class":69},[55,61862,61863],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,61864,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,61866,61867,61869,61871,61873],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,61868,121],{"class":120},[55,61870,103],{"class":69},[55,61872,1057],{"class":99},[55,61874,114],{"class":69},[20,61876,61877],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[142,61879,61881],{"id":61880},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61883,61884,2558,61886,44],{},[15,61885,1826],{},[15,61887,172],{},[20,61889,61890,61891,153],{},"That means this is ",[1966,61892,61893],{},"wrong",[46,61895,61897],{"className":48,"code":61896,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61898,61899,61915,61937,61941,61951],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61900,61901,61903,61905,61907,61909,61911,61913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61902,62],{"class":61},[55,61904,66],{"class":65},[55,61906,70],{"class":69},[55,61908,74],{"class":73},[55,61910,77],{"class":69},[55,61912,80],{"class":73},[55,61914,88],{"class":69},[55,61916,61917,61919,61921,61923,61925,61927,61929,61931,61933,61935],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,61918,1255],{"class":61},[55,61920,66],{"class":65},[55,61922,1260],{"class":61},[55,61924,44],{"class":69},[55,61926,53614],{"class":99},[55,61928,3149],{"class":69},[55,61930,2223],{"class":73},[55,61932,77],{"class":69},[55,61934,85],{"class":73},[55,61936,1777],{"class":69},[55,61938,61939],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,61940,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,61942,61943,61945,61947,61949],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,61944,121],{"class":120},[55,61946,103],{"class":69},[55,61948,1288],{"class":99},[55,61950,114],{"class":69},[55,61952,61953],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,61954,61955],{"class":133},"# None\n",[20,61957,61958],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[46,61960,61962],{"className":48,"code":61961,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61963,61964,61980,62002,62006,62016],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61965,61966,61968,61970,61972,61974,61976,61978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61967,62],{"class":61},[55,61969,66],{"class":65},[55,61971,70],{"class":69},[55,61973,74],{"class":73},[55,61975,77],{"class":69},[55,61977,80],{"class":73},[55,61979,88],{"class":69},[55,61981,61982,61984,61986,61988,61990,61992,61994,61996,61998,62000],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,61983,62],{"class":61},[55,61985,66],{"class":65},[55,61987,1260],{"class":61},[55,61989,44],{"class":69},[55,61991,53614],{"class":99},[55,61993,3149],{"class":69},[55,61995,2223],{"class":73},[55,61997,77],{"class":69},[55,61999,85],{"class":73},[55,62001,1777],{"class":69},[55,62003,62004],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,62005,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,62007,62008,62010,62012,62014],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,62009,121],{"class":120},[55,62011,103],{"class":69},[55,62013,94],{"class":99},[55,62015,114],{"class":69},[55,62017,62018],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,62019,61955],{"class":133},[20,62021,62022],{},"The correct way is:",[46,62024,62025],{"className":48,"code":61462,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,62026,62027,62043,62061,62065,62075],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62028,62029,62031,62033,62035,62037,62039,62041],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62030,62],{"class":61},[55,62032,66],{"class":65},[55,62034,70],{"class":69},[55,62036,74],{"class":73},[55,62038,77],{"class":69},[55,62040,80],{"class":73},[55,62042,88],{"class":69},[55,62044,62045,62047,62049,62051,62053,62055,62057,62059],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,62046,94],{"class":61},[55,62048,44],{"class":69},[55,62050,53614],{"class":99},[55,62052,3149],{"class":69},[55,62054,2223],{"class":73},[55,62056,77],{"class":69},[55,62058,85],{"class":73},[55,62060,1777],{"class":69},[55,62062,62063],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,62064,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,62066,62067,62069,62071,62073],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,62068,121],{"class":120},[55,62070,103],{"class":69},[55,62072,94],{"class":99},[55,62074,114],{"class":69},[55,62076,62077],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,62078,134],{"class":133},[20,62080,56035,62081,62083],{},[15,62082,1826],{}," first, then use the original list.",[142,62085,1211],{"id":1210},[20,62087,1214,62088,44],{},[15,62089,1826],{},[577,62091,62093,62094,62096],{"id":62092},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62095,1826],{}," to return a new list",[46,62098,62100],{"className":48,"code":62099,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62101,62102,62118,62140,62144,62154],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62103,62104,62106,62108,62110,62112,62114,62116],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62105,62],{"class":61},[55,62107,66],{"class":65},[55,62109,70],{"class":69},[55,62111,74],{"class":73},[55,62113,77],{"class":69},[55,62115,80],{"class":73},[55,62117,88],{"class":69},[55,62119,62120,62122,62124,62126,62128,62130,62132,62134,62136,62138],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,62121,55769],{"class":61},[55,62123,66],{"class":65},[55,62125,1260],{"class":61},[55,62127,44],{"class":69},[55,62129,53614],{"class":99},[55,62131,3149],{"class":69},[55,62133,2223],{"class":73},[55,62135,77],{"class":69},[55,62137,85],{"class":73},[55,62139,1777],{"class":69},[55,62141,62142],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,62143,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,62145,62146,62148,62150,62152],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,62147,121],{"class":120},[55,62149,103],{"class":69},[55,62151,55788],{"class":99},[55,62153,114],{"class":69},[55,62155,62156],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,62157,61955],{"class":133},[20,62159,62160,62161,44],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62162,1826],{},[577,62164,62166,62167,44772,62169,62171],{"id":62165},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62168,42],{},[15,62170,1826],{}," is needed",[46,62173,62174],{"className":48,"code":61525,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,62175,62176,62192,62210,62214,62224],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62177,62178,62180,62182,62184,62186,62188,62190],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62179,62],{"class":61},[55,62181,66],{"class":65},[55,62183,70],{"class":69},[55,62185,74],{"class":73},[55,62187,77],{"class":69},[55,62189,80],{"class":73},[55,62191,88],{"class":69},[55,62193,62194,62196,62198,62200,62202,62204,62206,62208],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,62195,94],{"class":61},[55,62197,44],{"class":69},[55,62199,1100],{"class":99},[55,62201,3149],{"class":69},[55,62203,2223],{"class":73},[55,62205,77],{"class":69},[55,62207,85],{"class":73},[55,62209,1777],{"class":69},[55,62211,62212],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,62213,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,62215,62216,62218,62220,62222],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,62217,121],{"class":120},[55,62219,103],{"class":69},[55,62221,94],{"class":99},[55,62223,114],{"class":69},[55,62225,62226],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,62227,61580],{"class":133},[20,62229,62230,62231,54028,62233,6790],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62232,54027],{},[15,62234,1826],{},[577,62236,62238],{"id":62237},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[46,62240,62242],{"className":48,"code":62241,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62243,62244,62260,62278,62282,62292],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62245,62246,62248,62250,62252,62254,62256,62258],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62247,4234],{"class":61},[55,62249,66],{"class":65},[55,62251,70],{"class":69},[55,62253,248],{"class":247},[55,62255,4009],{"class":251},[55,62257,248],{"class":247},[55,62259,88],{"class":69},[55,62261,62262,62264,62266,62268,62270,62272,62274,62276],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,62263,4276],{"class":61},[55,62265,44],{"class":69},[55,62267,53614],{"class":99},[55,62269,103],{"class":69},[55,62271,248],{"class":247},[55,62273,60715],{"class":251},[55,62275,248],{"class":247},[55,62277,114],{"class":69},[55,62279,62280],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,62281,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,62283,62284,62286,62288,62290],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,62285,121],{"class":120},[55,62287,103],{"class":69},[55,62289,4276],{"class":99},[55,62291,114],{"class":69},[55,62293,62294],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,62295,62296],{"class":133},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62298,62299,62300,62303,62304,153],{},"If you want ",[15,62301,62302],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62305,42],{},[46,62307,62309],{"className":48,"code":62308,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62310,62311,62327,62345,62349,62359],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62312,62313,62315,62317,62319,62321,62323,62325],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62314,4234],{"class":61},[55,62316,66],{"class":65},[55,62318,70],{"class":69},[55,62320,248],{"class":247},[55,62322,4009],{"class":251},[55,62324,248],{"class":247},[55,62326,88],{"class":69},[55,62328,62329,62331,62333,62335,62337,62339,62341,62343],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,62330,4276],{"class":61},[55,62332,44],{"class":69},[55,62334,1100],{"class":99},[55,62336,103],{"class":69},[55,62338,248],{"class":247},[55,62340,60715],{"class":251},[55,62342,248],{"class":247},[55,62344,114],{"class":69},[55,62346,62347],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,62348,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,62350,62351,62353,62355,62357],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,62352,121],{"class":120},[55,62354,103],{"class":69},[55,62356,4276],{"class":99},[55,62358,114],{"class":69},[55,62360,62361],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,62362,62363],{"class":133},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[577,62365,62367],{"id":62366},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[46,62369,62371],{"className":48,"code":62370,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62372,62373,62389],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62374,62375,62377,62379,62381,62383,62385,62387],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62376,62],{"class":61},[55,62378,66],{"class":65},[55,62380,70],{"class":69},[55,62382,74],{"class":73},[55,62384,77],{"class":69},[55,62386,80],{"class":73},[55,62388,88],{"class":69},[55,62390,62391,62393,62395,62397,62399,62401],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,62392,94],{"class":61},[55,62394,44],{"class":69},[55,62396,53614],{"class":99},[55,62398,103],{"class":69},[55,62400,2297],{"class":73},[55,62402,114],{"class":69},[20,62404,39794,62405,6710],{},[15,62406,2297],{},[20,62408,62409,62410,62412,62413,62416],{},"You will get a ",[15,62411,3168],{},". See ",[36,62414,62415],{"href":52744},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62418,62419],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[46,62421,62423],{"className":48,"code":62422,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62424,62425,62435,62449,62461],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62426,62427,62429,62431,62433],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62428,121],{"class":120},[55,62430,103],{"class":69},[55,62432,192],{"class":99},[55,62434,114],{"class":69},[55,62436,62437,62439,62441,62443,62445,62447],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,62438,121],{"class":120},[55,62440,103],{"class":69},[55,62442,1910],{"class":1898},[55,62444,103],{"class":69},[55,62446,5519],{"class":99},[55,62448,1867],{"class":69},[55,62450,62451,62453,62455,62457,62459],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,62452,121],{"class":120},[55,62454,103],{"class":69},[55,62456,1288],{"class":99},[55,62458,3825],{"class":69},[55,62460,114],{"class":61},[55,62462,62463,62465,62467,62469,62471,62473],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,62464,1893],{"class":120},[55,62466,103],{"class":69},[55,62468,1899],{"class":1898},[55,62470,44],{"class":69},[55,62472,53614],{"class":1880},[55,62474,114],{"class":69},[43722,62476,62477],{},[20,62478,62479,62480,62483,62484,62486,62487,44],{},"Note: ",[15,62481,62482],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62485,3825],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62488,33171],{},[20,62490,62491],{},"Correct debugging example:",[46,62493,62495],{"className":48,"code":62494,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62496,62497,62513,62529,62533,62547,62551,62559,62569,62583,62593],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62498,62499,62501,62503,62505,62507,62509,62511],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62500,8469],{"class":61},[55,62502,66],{"class":65},[55,62504,70],{"class":69},[55,62506,74],{"class":73},[55,62508,77],{"class":69},[55,62510,80],{"class":73},[55,62512,88],{"class":69},[55,62514,62515,62517,62519,62521,62523,62525,62527],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,62516,3986],{"class":61},[55,62518,66],{"class":65},[55,62520,70],{"class":69},[55,62522,2223],{"class":73},[55,62524,77],{"class":69},[55,62526,85],{"class":73},[55,62528,88],{"class":69},[55,62530,62531],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,62532,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,62534,62535,62537,62539,62541,62543,62545],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,62536,192],{"class":61},[55,62538,44],{"class":69},[55,62540,53614],{"class":99},[55,62542,103],{"class":69},[55,62544,5519],{"class":99},[55,62546,114],{"class":69},[55,62548,62549],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,62550,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,62552,62553,62555,62557],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,62554,1255],{"class":61},[55,62556,66],{"class":65},[55,62558,48671],{"class":1312},[55,62560,62561,62563,62565,62567],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,62562,121],{"class":120},[55,62564,103],{"class":69},[55,62566,192],{"class":99},[55,62568,114],{"class":69},[55,62570,62571,62573,62575,62577,62579,62581],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,62572,121],{"class":120},[55,62574,103],{"class":69},[55,62576,1910],{"class":1898},[55,62578,103],{"class":69},[55,62580,5519],{"class":99},[55,62582,1867],{"class":69},[55,62584,62585,62587,62589,62591],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,62586,121],{"class":120},[55,62588,103],{"class":69},[55,62590,1288],{"class":99},[55,62592,114],{"class":69},[55,62594,62595,62597,62599,62601,62603,62605],{"class":57,"line":6595},[55,62596,1893],{"class":120},[55,62598,103],{"class":69},[55,62600,1899],{"class":1898},[55,62602,44],{"class":69},[55,62604,53614],{"class":1880},[55,62606,114],{"class":69},[142,62608,1937,62610],{"id":62609},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62611,1826],{},[20,62613,31,62614,6476],{},[15,62615,1826],{},[155,62617,62618,62621,62624],{},[158,62619,62620],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[158,62622,62623],{},"Add multiple values at once",[158,62625,62626],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62628,5631],{},[46,62630,62632],{"className":48,"code":62631,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62633,62634,62651,62669,62673,62689,62693,62703],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62635,62636,62639,62641,62643,62645,62647,62649],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62637,62638],{"class":61},"all_scores ",[55,62640,66],{"class":65},[55,62642,70],{"class":69},[55,62644,13653],{"class":73},[55,62646,77],{"class":69},[55,62648,13658],{"class":73},[55,62650,88],{"class":69},[55,62652,62653,62656,62658,62660,62662,62664,62667],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,62654,62655],{"class":61},"new_scores ",[55,62657,66],{"class":65},[55,62659,70],{"class":69},[55,62661,51649],{"class":73},[55,62663,77],{"class":69},[55,62665,62666],{"class":73}," 92",[55,62668,88],{"class":69},[55,62670,62671],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,62672,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,62674,62675,62678,62680,62682,62684,62687],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,62676,62677],{"class":61},"all_scores",[55,62679,44],{"class":69},[55,62681,53614],{"class":99},[55,62683,103],{"class":69},[55,62685,62686],{"class":99},"new_scores",[55,62688,114],{"class":69},[55,62690,62691],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,62692,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,62694,62695,62697,62699,62701],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,62696,121],{"class":120},[55,62698,103],{"class":69},[55,62700,62677],{"class":99},[55,62702,114],{"class":69},[55,62704,62705],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,62706,62707],{"class":133},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62709,62710,62711,62713,62714,44],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62712,42],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[36,62715,39,62716,43],{"href":54045},[15,62717,17],{},[142,62719,1986],{"id":1985},[577,62721,1990,62723,1993],{"id":62722},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62724,53486],{},[20,62726,62727,62728,44],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62729,172],{},[577,62731,2022,62733,352,62735,2027],{"id":62732},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62734,1826],{},[15,62736,42],{},[20,62738,62739,62741,62742,62744],{},[15,62740,1826],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62743,42],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[577,62746,28473,62748,62750],{"id":62747},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62749,1826],{}," with a string?",[20,62752,62753],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[577,62755,28473,62757,62759],{"id":62756},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62758,1826],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62761,62762],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[577,62764,62766,62767,2027],{"id":62765},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62768,1826],{},[20,62770,62771,62772,62774],{},"You get a ",[15,62773,3168],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[142,62776,2039],{"id":2038},[155,62778,62779,62785,62789,62793,62797,62803,62807],{},[158,62780,62781],{},[36,62782,39,62783,43],{"href":38},[15,62784,42],{},[158,62786,62787],{},[36,62788,2058],{"href":1206},[158,62790,62791],{},[36,62792,2068],{"href":1981},[158,62794,62795],{},[36,62796,2063],{"href":974},[158,62798,62799],{},[36,62800,39,62801,43],{"href":54045},[15,62802,17],{},[158,62804,62805],{},[36,62806,62415],{"href":52744},[158,62808,62809],{},[36,62810,39,62811,43],{"href":55089},[15,62812,12932],{},[20,62814,62815,62816,62818,62819,62821],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62817,42],{},", when to use ",[15,62820,17],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2080,62823,62824],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":62826},[62827,62828,62830,62831,62832,62839,62846,62847,62855,62857,62869],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":61224,"depth":91,"text":62829},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":61305,"depth":91,"text":61306},{"id":61442,"depth":91,"text":62833,"children":62834},"extend() vs append()",[62835,62837],{"id":61456,"depth":117,"text":62836},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61519,"depth":117,"text":62838},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61605,"depth":91,"text":62840,"children":62841},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62842,62843,62844,62845],{"id":61616,"depth":117,"text":61617},{"id":61680,"depth":117,"text":61681},{"id":61746,"depth":117,"text":61747},{"id":61820,"depth":117,"text":61821},{"id":61880,"depth":91,"text":61881},{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":62848},[62849,62851,62853,62854],{"id":62092,"depth":117,"text":62850},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62165,"depth":117,"text":62852},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62237,"depth":117,"text":62238},{"id":62366,"depth":117,"text":62367},{"id":62609,"depth":91,"text":62856},"When to use extend()",{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":62858},[62859,62861,62863,62865,62867],{"id":62722,"depth":117,"text":62860},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62732,"depth":117,"text":62862},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62747,"depth":117,"text":62864},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62756,"depth":117,"text":62866},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62765,"depth":117,"text":62868},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61128,"description":62870},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62877,"title":62878,"body":62879,"description":64970,"extension":2124,"meta":64971,"navigation":428,"path":64972,"seo":64973,"stem":64974,"__hash__":64975},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62880,"toc":64933},[62881,62884,62889,62895,62906,62912,62914,62983,62985,63034,63042,63046,63051,63054,63065,63070,63072,63074,63095,63108,63111,63124,63126,63131,63156,63158,63166,63169,63238,63240,63264,63270,63274,63278,63314,63316,63336,63343,63347,63380,63382,63416,63421,63425,63458,63460,63488,63496,63500,63537,63539,63560,63563,63567,63636,63638,63662,63668,63675,63679,63682,63684,63698,63701,63725,63727,63752,63755,63774,63776,63802,63811,63815,63822,63899,63901,63942,63948,63954,64045,64047,64103,64106,64111,64115,64120,64124,64183,64185,64210,64214,64277,64279,64304,64308,64371,64373,64416,64419,64423,64427,64449,64453,64535,64537,64572,64580,64582,64586,64590,64592,64619,64624,64626,64653,64660,64663,64686,64688,64737,64740,64743,64762,64766,64769,64820,64823,64829,64833,64838,64841,64843,64849,64858,64862,64868,64872,64875,64879,64882,64886,64892,64894,64930],[10,62882,62878],{"id":62883},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62885,9284,62886,62888],{},[15,62887,24925],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62890,62891,62892,62894],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62893,24925],{}," for two main reasons:",[155,62896,62897,62900],{},[158,62898,62899],{},"to make an empty list",[158,62901,62902,62903,62905],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62904,60122],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62907,62908,62909,62911],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62910,24925],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[142,62913,2165],{"id":2164},[46,62915,62917],{"className":48,"code":62916,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62918,62919,62941,62959,62963,62973],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62920,62921,62923,62925,62927,62929,62931,62933,62935,62937,62939],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62922,62],{"class":61},[55,62924,66],{"class":65},[55,62926,22705],{"class":1898},[55,62928,5669],{"class":69},[55,62930,74],{"class":73},[55,62932,77],{"class":69},[55,62934,80],{"class":73},[55,62936,77],{"class":69},[55,62938,111],{"class":73},[55,62940,1867],{"class":69},[55,62942,62943,62945,62947,62949,62951,62953,62955,62957],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,62944,240],{"class":61},[55,62946,66],{"class":65},[55,62948,22705],{"class":1898},[55,62950,103],{"class":69},[55,62952,248],{"class":247},[55,62954,41702],{"class":251},[55,62956,248],{"class":247},[55,62958,114],{"class":69},[55,62960,62961],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,62962,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,62964,62965,62967,62969,62971],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,62966,121],{"class":120},[55,62968,103],{"class":69},[55,62970,94],{"class":99},[55,62972,114],{"class":69},[55,62974,62975,62977,62979,62981],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,62976,121],{"class":120},[55,62978,103],{"class":69},[55,62980,270],{"class":99},[55,62982,114],{"class":69},[20,62984,302],{},[46,62986,62988],{"className":48,"code":62987,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62989,62990,63006],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62991,62992,62994,62996,62998,63000,63002,63004],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62993,312],{"class":69},[55,62995,74],{"class":73},[55,62997,77],{"class":69},[55,62999,80],{"class":73},[55,63001,77],{"class":69},[55,63003,111],{"class":73},[55,63005,88],{"class":69},[55,63007,63008,63010,63012,63014,63016,63018,63020,63022,63024,63026,63028,63030,63032],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,63009,312],{"class":69},[55,63011,315],{"class":247},[55,63013,36],{"class":251},[55,63015,315],{"class":247},[55,63017,77],{"class":69},[55,63019,324],{"class":247},[55,63021,285],{"class":251},[55,63023,315],{"class":247},[55,63025,77],{"class":69},[55,63027,324],{"class":247},[55,63029,261],{"class":251},[55,63031,315],{"class":247},[55,63033,88],{"class":69},[20,63035,31,63036,63038,63039,63041],{},[15,63037,24925],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63040,60122],{},", set, or dictionary.",[142,63043,63045],{"id":63044},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63047,63048,63050],{},[15,63049,24925],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63052,63053],{},"It can:",[155,63055,63056,63059,63062],{},[158,63057,63058],{},"create a new list object",[158,63060,63061],{},"make an empty list",[158,63063,63064],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63066,63067,63068,44],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[36,63069,2063],{"href":974},[142,63071,2319],{"id":2318},[20,63073,26631],{},[46,63075,63077],{"className":48,"code":63076,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63078,63079,63085],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63080,63081,63083],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63082,1899],{"class":1898},[55,63084,8804],{"class":69},[55,63086,63087,63089,63091,63093],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,63088,1899],{"class":1898},[55,63090,103],{"class":69},[55,63092,3884],{"class":99},[55,63094,114],{"class":69},[155,63096,63097,63102],{},[158,63098,63099,63101],{},[15,63100,24925],{}," makes an empty list",[158,63103,63104,63107],{},[15,63105,63106],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63109,63110],{},"Common iterable values include:",[155,63112,63113,63115,63117,63119,63122],{},[158,63114,5469],{},[158,63116,5463],{},[158,63118,5466],{},[158,63120,63121],{},"ranges",[158,63123,7411],{},[142,63125,59744],{"id":59743},[20,63127,31,63128,63130],{},[15,63129,24925],{}," with no arguments:",[46,63132,63134],{"className":48,"code":63133,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63135,63136,63146],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63137,63138,63140,63142,63144],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63139,1026],{"class":61},[55,63141,66],{"class":65},[55,63143,22705],{"class":1898},[55,63145,8804],{"class":69},[55,63147,63148,63150,63152,63154],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,63149,121],{"class":120},[55,63151,103],{"class":69},[55,63153,1057],{"class":99},[55,63155,114],{"class":69},[20,63157,302],{},[46,63159,63160],{"className":48,"code":38437,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,63161,63162],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63163,63164],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63165,38437],{"class":69},[20,63167,63168],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[46,63170,63172],{"className":48,"code":63171,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63173,63174,63184,63188,63206,63224,63228],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63175,63176,63178,63180,63182],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63177,1026],{"class":61},[55,63179,66],{"class":65},[55,63181,22705],{"class":1898},[55,63183,8804],{"class":69},[55,63185,63186],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,63187,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,63189,63190,63192,63194,63196,63198,63200,63202,63204],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,63191,1057],{"class":61},[55,63193,44],{"class":69},[55,63195,1100],{"class":99},[55,63197,103],{"class":69},[55,63199,248],{"class":247},[55,63201,1035],{"class":251},[55,63203,248],{"class":247},[55,63205,114],{"class":69},[55,63207,63208,63210,63212,63214,63216,63218,63220,63222],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,63209,1057],{"class":61},[55,63211,44],{"class":69},[55,63213,1100],{"class":99},[55,63215,103],{"class":69},[55,63217,248],{"class":247},[55,63219,1072],{"class":251},[55,63221,248],{"class":247},[55,63223,114],{"class":69},[55,63225,63226],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,63227,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,63229,63230,63232,63234,63236],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,63231,121],{"class":120},[55,63233,103],{"class":69},[55,63235,1057],{"class":99},[55,63237,114],{"class":69},[20,63239,302],{},[46,63241,63242],{"className":48,"code":38563,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,63243,63244],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63245,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254,63256,63258,63260,63262],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63247,312],{"class":69},[55,63249,315],{"class":247},[55,63251,1035],{"class":251},[55,63253,315],{"class":247},[55,63255,77],{"class":69},[55,63257,324],{"class":247},[55,63259,1072],{"class":251},[55,63261,315],{"class":247},[55,63263,88],{"class":69},[20,63265,63266,63267,63269],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63268,3950],{},". Both are valid.",[142,63271,63273],{"id":63272},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[577,63275,63277],{"id":63276},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[46,63279,63280],{"className":48,"code":60042,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,63281,63282,63304],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63283,63284,63286,63288,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298,63300,63302],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63285,62],{"class":61},[55,63287,66],{"class":65},[55,63289,22705],{"class":1898},[55,63291,5669],{"class":69},[55,63293,74],{"class":73},[55,63295,77],{"class":69},[55,63297,80],{"class":73},[55,63299,77],{"class":69},[55,63301,111],{"class":73},[55,63303,1867],{"class":69},[55,63305,63306,63308,63310,63312],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,63307,121],{"class":120},[55,63309,103],{"class":69},[55,63311,94],{"class":99},[55,63313,114],{"class":69},[20,63315,302],{},[46,63317,63318],{"className":48,"code":55279,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,63319,63320],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63321,63322,63324,63326,63328,63330,63332,63334],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63323,312],{"class":69},[55,63325,74],{"class":73},[55,63327,77],{"class":69},[55,63329,80],{"class":73},[55,63331,77],{"class":69},[55,63333,111],{"class":73},[55,63335,88],{"class":69},[20,63337,63338,63339,44],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[36,63340,63342],{"href":63341},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[577,63344,63346],{"id":63345},"string-to-list","String to list",[46,63348,63350],{"className":48,"code":63349,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63351,63352,63370],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63353,63354,63356,63358,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63355,240],{"class":61},[55,63357,66],{"class":65},[55,63359,22705],{"class":1898},[55,63361,103],{"class":69},[55,63363,248],{"class":247},[55,63365,37186],{"class":251},[55,63367,248],{"class":247},[55,63369,114],{"class":69},[55,63371,63372,63374,63376,63378],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,63373,121],{"class":120},[55,63375,103],{"class":69},[55,63377,270],{"class":99},[55,63379,114],{"class":69},[20,63381,302],{},[46,63383,63385],{"className":48,"code":63384,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63386,63387],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63388,63389,63391,63393,63395,63397,63399,63401,63403,63405,63407,63409,63412,63414],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63390,312],{"class":69},[55,63392,315],{"class":247},[55,63394,261],{"class":251},[55,63396,315],{"class":247},[55,63398,77],{"class":69},[55,63400,324],{"class":247},[55,63402,36],{"class":251},[55,63404,315],{"class":247},[55,63406,77],{"class":69},[55,63408,324],{"class":247},[55,63410,63411],{"class":251},"t",[55,63413,315],{"class":247},[55,63415,88],{"class":69},[20,63417,63418,63420],{},[15,63419,24925],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[577,63422,63424],{"id":63423},"range-to-list","Range to list",[46,63426,63428],{"className":48,"code":63427,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63429,63430,63448],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63431,63432,63434,63436,63438,63440,63442,63444,63446],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63433,62],{"class":61},[55,63435,66],{"class":65},[55,63437,22705],{"class":1898},[55,63439,103],{"class":69},[55,63441,60122],{"class":120},[55,63443,103],{"class":69},[55,63445,2297],{"class":73},[55,63447,1867],{"class":69},[55,63449,63450,63452,63454,63456],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,63451,121],{"class":120},[55,63453,103],{"class":69},[55,63455,94],{"class":99},[55,63457,114],{"class":69},[20,63459,302],{},[46,63461,63462],{"className":48,"code":60145,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,63463,63464],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63465,63466,63468,63470,63472,63474,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63467,312],{"class":69},[55,63469,227],{"class":73},[55,63471,77],{"class":69},[55,63473,630],{"class":73},[55,63475,77],{"class":69},[55,63477,80],{"class":73},[55,63479,77],{"class":69},[55,63481,111],{"class":73},[55,63483,77],{"class":69},[55,63485,85],{"class":73},[55,63487,88],{"class":69},[20,63489,63490,63491,63495],{},"This is common when working with ",[36,63492,63493],{"href":36334},[15,63494,36337],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[577,63497,63499],{"id":63498},"set-to-list","Set to list",[46,63501,63503],{"className":48,"code":63502,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63504,63505,63527],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63506,63507,63509,63511,63513,63515,63517,63519,63521,63523,63525],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63508,3986],{"class":61},[55,63510,66],{"class":65},[55,63512,22705],{"class":1898},[55,63514,5688],{"class":69},[55,63516,800],{"class":73},[55,63518,77],{"class":69},[55,63520,7951],{"class":73},[55,63522,77],{"class":69},[55,63524,7956],{"class":73},[55,63526,30640],{"class":69},[55,63528,63529,63531,63533,63535],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,63530,121],{"class":120},[55,63532,103],{"class":69},[55,63534,5519],{"class":99},[55,63536,114],{"class":69},[20,63538,17108],{},[46,63540,63542],{"className":48,"code":63541,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63543,63544],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63545,63546,63548,63550,63552,63554,63556,63558],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63547,312],{"class":69},[55,63549,800],{"class":73},[55,63551,77],{"class":69},[55,63553,7951],{"class":73},[55,63555,77],{"class":69},[55,63557,7956],{"class":73},[55,63559,88],{"class":69},[20,63561,63562],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[577,63564,63566],{"id":63565},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[46,63568,63570],{"className":48,"code":63569,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63571,63572,63608,63622,63626],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63573,63574,63576,63578,63580,63582,63584,63586,63588,63590,63592,63594,63596,63598,63600,63602,63604,63606],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63575,13357],{"class":61},[55,63577,66],{"class":65},[55,63579,10652],{"class":69},[55,63581,248],{"class":247},[55,63583,7829],{"class":251},[55,63585,248],{"class":247},[55,63587,153],{"class":69},[55,63589,258],{"class":247},[55,63591,13036],{"class":251},[55,63593,248],{"class":247},[55,63595,77],{"class":69},[55,63597,258],{"class":247},[55,63599,9461],{"class":251},[55,63601,248],{"class":247},[55,63603,153],{"class":69},[55,63605,9468],{"class":73},[55,63607,9471],{"class":69},[55,63609,63610,63612,63614,63616,63618,63620],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,63611,1255],{"class":61},[55,63613,66],{"class":65},[55,63615,22705],{"class":1898},[55,63617,103],{"class":69},[55,63619,17457],{"class":99},[55,63621,114],{"class":69},[55,63623,63624],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,63625,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,63627,63628,63630,63632,63634],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,63629,121],{"class":120},[55,63631,103],{"class":69},[55,63633,1288],{"class":99},[55,63635,114],{"class":69},[20,63637,302],{},[46,63639,63640],{"className":48,"code":25625,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,63641,63642],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63643,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652,63654,63656,63658,63660],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63645,312],{"class":69},[55,63647,315],{"class":247},[55,63649,7829],{"class":251},[55,63651,315],{"class":247},[55,63653,77],{"class":69},[55,63655,324],{"class":247},[55,63657,9461],{"class":251},[55,63659,315],{"class":247},[55,63661,88],{"class":69},[20,63663,63664,63665,63667],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63666,24925],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63669,63670,63671,44],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[36,63672,63674],{"href":63673},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[142,63676,63678],{"id":63677},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63680,63681],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63683,61279],{},[155,63685,63686,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696],{},[158,63687,5460],{},[158,63689,5463],{},[158,63691,5469],{},[158,63693,5466],{},[158,63695,63121],{},[158,63697,7411],{},[20,63699,63700],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[46,63702,63704],{"className":48,"code":63703,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63705,63706],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63707,63708,63710,63712,63714,63716,63718,63721,63723],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63709,121],{"class":120},[55,63711,103],{"class":69},[55,63713,1899],{"class":1898},[55,63715,103],{"class":69},[55,63717,248],{"class":247},[55,63719,63720],{"class":251},"hi",[55,63722,248],{"class":247},[55,63724,1867],{"class":69},[20,63726,302],{},[46,63728,63730],{"className":48,"code":63729,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63731,63732],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63733,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63735,312],{"class":69},[55,63737,315],{"class":247},[55,63739,60562],{"class":251},[55,63741,315],{"class":247},[55,63743,77],{"class":69},[55,63745,324],{"class":247},[55,63747,36293],{"class":251},[55,63749,315],{"class":247},[55,63751,88],{"class":69},[20,63753,63754],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[46,63756,63758],{"className":48,"code":63757,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63759,63760],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63761,63762,63764,63766,63768,63770,63772],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63763,121],{"class":120},[55,63765,103],{"class":69},[55,63767,1899],{"class":1898},[55,63769,103],{"class":69},[55,63771,2297],{"class":73},[55,63773,1867],{"class":69},[20,63775,302],{},[46,63777,63779],{"className":48,"code":63778,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63780,63781],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63782,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793,63795,63797,63799],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63784,3168],{"class":1898},[55,63786,153],{"class":69},[55,63788,324],{"class":247},[55,63790,2351],{"class":251},[55,63792,315],{"class":247},[55,63794,24762],{"class":1898},[55,63796,8257],{"class":65},[55,63798,8260],{"class":65},[55,63800,63801],{"class":61}," iterable\n",[20,63803,63804,63805,63807,63808,44],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[36,63806,5297],{"href":5745},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[36,63809,63810],{"href":52744},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[142,63812,63814],{"id":63813},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63816,63817,63818,63821],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63819,63820],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[46,63823,63825],{"className":48,"code":63824,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63826,63827,63847,63861,63865,63875,63885],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63828,63829,63831,63833,63835,63837,63839,63841,63843,63845],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63830,12242],{"class":61},[55,63832,66],{"class":65},[55,63834,70],{"class":69},[55,63836,74],{"class":73},[55,63838,77],{"class":69},[55,63840,80],{"class":73},[55,63842,77],{"class":69},[55,63844,111],{"class":73},[55,63846,88],{"class":69},[55,63848,63849,63851,63853,63855,63857,63859],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,63850,14461],{"class":61},[55,63852,66],{"class":65},[55,63854,22705],{"class":1898},[55,63856,103],{"class":69},[55,63858,12289],{"class":99},[55,63860,114],{"class":69},[55,63862,63863],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,63864,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,63866,63867,63869,63871,63873],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,63868,121],{"class":120},[55,63870,103],{"class":69},[55,63872,12289],{"class":99},[55,63874,114],{"class":69},[55,63876,63877,63879,63881,63883],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,63878,121],{"class":120},[55,63880,103],{"class":69},[55,63882,14480],{"class":99},[55,63884,114],{"class":69},[55,63886,63887,63889,63891,63893,63895,63897],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,63888,121],{"class":120},[55,63890,103],{"class":69},[55,63892,12242],{"class":99},[55,63894,12350],{"class":4040},[55,63896,14534],{"class":99},[55,63898,114],{"class":69},[20,63900,302],{},[46,63902,63904],{"className":48,"code":63903,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63905,63906,63922,63938],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63907,63908,63910,63912,63914,63916,63918,63920],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63909,312],{"class":69},[55,63911,74],{"class":73},[55,63913,77],{"class":69},[55,63915,80],{"class":73},[55,63917,77],{"class":69},[55,63919,111],{"class":73},[55,63921,88],{"class":69},[55,63923,63924,63926,63928,63930,63932,63934,63936],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,63925,312],{"class":69},[55,63927,74],{"class":73},[55,63929,77],{"class":69},[55,63931,80],{"class":73},[55,63933,77],{"class":69},[55,63935,111],{"class":73},[55,63937,88],{"class":69},[55,63939,63940],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,63941,4204],{"class":1312},[20,63943,63944,63945,63947],{},"This means ",[15,63946,14480],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63949,63950,63951,63953],{},"However, this is only a ",[1966,63952,13006],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[46,63955,63957],{"className":48,"code":63956,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63958,63959,63985,63999,64003,64021,64025,64035],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63960,63961,63963,63965,63967,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979,63981,63983],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63962,12242],{"class":61},[55,63964,66],{"class":65},[55,63966,56420],{"class":69},[55,63968,74],{"class":73},[55,63970,77],{"class":69},[55,63972,80],{"class":73},[55,63974,1813],{"class":69},[55,63976,70],{"class":69},[55,63978,2223],{"class":73},[55,63980,77],{"class":69},[55,63982,85],{"class":73},[55,63984,53382],{"class":69},[55,63986,63987,63989,63991,63993,63995,63997],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,63988,14461],{"class":61},[55,63990,66],{"class":65},[55,63992,22705],{"class":1898},[55,63994,103],{"class":69},[55,63996,12289],{"class":99},[55,63998,114],{"class":69},[55,64000,64001],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,64002,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,64004,64005,64007,64009,64011,64013,64015,64017,64019],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,64006,14480],{"class":61},[55,64008,312],{"class":69},[55,64010,227],{"class":73},[55,64012,13701],{"class":69},[55,64014,1100],{"class":99},[55,64016,103],{"class":69},[55,64018,56473],{"class":73},[55,64020,114],{"class":69},[55,64022,64023],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,64024,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,64026,64027,64029,64031,64033],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,64028,121],{"class":120},[55,64030,103],{"class":69},[55,64032,12289],{"class":99},[55,64034,114],{"class":69},[55,64036,64037,64039,64041,64043],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,64038,121],{"class":120},[55,64040,103],{"class":69},[55,64042,14480],{"class":99},[55,64044,114],{"class":69},[20,64046,302],{},[46,64048,64049],{"className":48,"code":56504,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,64050,64051,64077],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64052,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061,64063,64065,64067,64069,64071,64073,64075],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64054,56511],{"class":69},[55,64056,74],{"class":73},[55,64058,77],{"class":69},[55,64060,80],{"class":73},[55,64062,77],{"class":69},[55,64064,1273],{"class":73},[55,64066,1813],{"class":69},[55,64068,70],{"class":69},[55,64070,2223],{"class":73},[55,64072,77],{"class":69},[55,64074,85],{"class":73},[55,64076,53382],{"class":69},[55,64078,64079,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,64080,56511],{"class":69},[55,64082,74],{"class":73},[55,64084,77],{"class":69},[55,64086,80],{"class":73},[55,64088,77],{"class":69},[55,64090,1273],{"class":73},[55,64092,1813],{"class":69},[55,64094,70],{"class":69},[55,64096,2223],{"class":73},[55,64098,77],{"class":69},[55,64100,85],{"class":73},[55,64102,53382],{"class":69},[20,64104,64105],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64107,64108,64109,44],{},"For more on this, see ",[36,64110,13941],{"href":13940},[142,64112,64114],{"id":64113},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64116,64117,64118,44],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64119,24925],{},[577,64121,64123],{"id":64122},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[46,64125,64127],{"className":48,"code":64126,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64128,64129,64169],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64130,64131,64133,64135,64137,64139,64141,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155,64157,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64132,13019],{"class":61},[55,64134,66],{"class":65},[55,64136,10652],{"class":69},[55,64138,248],{"class":247},[55,64140,7829],{"class":251},[55,64142,248],{"class":247},[55,64144,153],{"class":69},[55,64146,258],{"class":247},[55,64148,8082],{"class":251},[55,64150,248],{"class":247},[55,64152,77],{"class":69},[55,64154,258],{"class":247},[55,64156,20038],{"class":251},[55,64158,248],{"class":247},[55,64160,153],{"class":69},[55,64162,258],{"class":247},[55,64164,22392],{"class":251},[55,64166,248],{"class":247},[55,64168,9471],{"class":69},[55,64170,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,64172,121],{"class":120},[55,64174,103],{"class":69},[55,64176,1899],{"class":1898},[55,64178,103],{"class":69},[55,64180,13776],{"class":99},[55,64182,1867],{"class":69},[20,64184,302],{},[46,64186,64188],{"className":48,"code":64187,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64189,64190],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64191,64192,64194,64196,64198,64200,64202,64204,64206,64208],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64193,312],{"class":69},[55,64195,315],{"class":247},[55,64197,7829],{"class":251},[55,64199,315],{"class":247},[55,64201,77],{"class":69},[55,64203,324],{"class":247},[55,64205,20038],{"class":251},[55,64207,315],{"class":247},[55,64209,88],{"class":69},[577,64211,64213],{"id":64212},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[46,64215,64217],{"className":48,"code":64216,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64218,64219,64259],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64220,64221,64223,64225,64227,64229,64231,64233,64235,64237,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64222,13019],{"class":61},[55,64224,66],{"class":65},[55,64226,10652],{"class":69},[55,64228,248],{"class":247},[55,64230,7829],{"class":251},[55,64232,248],{"class":247},[55,64234,153],{"class":69},[55,64236,258],{"class":247},[55,64238,8082],{"class":251},[55,64240,248],{"class":247},[55,64242,77],{"class":69},[55,64244,258],{"class":247},[55,64246,20038],{"class":251},[55,64248,248],{"class":247},[55,64250,153],{"class":69},[55,64252,258],{"class":247},[55,64254,22392],{"class":251},[55,64256,248],{"class":247},[55,64258,9471],{"class":69},[55,64260,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,64262,121],{"class":120},[55,64264,103],{"class":69},[55,64266,1899],{"class":1898},[55,64268,103],{"class":69},[55,64270,13776],{"class":99},[55,64272,44],{"class":69},[55,64274,5519],{"class":99},[55,64276,6448],{"class":69},[20,64278,302],{},[46,64280,64282],{"className":48,"code":64281,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64283,64284],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64285,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298,64300,64302],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64287,312],{"class":69},[55,64289,315],{"class":247},[55,64291,8082],{"class":251},[55,64293,315],{"class":247},[55,64295,77],{"class":69},[55,64297,324],{"class":247},[55,64299,22392],{"class":251},[55,64301,315],{"class":247},[55,64303,88],{"class":69},[577,64305,64307],{"id":64306},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[46,64309,64311],{"className":48,"code":64310,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64312,64313,64353],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64314,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325,64327,64329,64331,64333,64335,64337,64339,64341,64343,64345,64347,64349,64351],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64316,13019],{"class":61},[55,64318,66],{"class":65},[55,64320,10652],{"class":69},[55,64322,248],{"class":247},[55,64324,7829],{"class":251},[55,64326,248],{"class":247},[55,64328,153],{"class":69},[55,64330,258],{"class":247},[55,64332,8082],{"class":251},[55,64334,248],{"class":247},[55,64336,77],{"class":69},[55,64338,258],{"class":247},[55,64340,20038],{"class":251},[55,64342,248],{"class":247},[55,64344,153],{"class":69},[55,64346,258],{"class":247},[55,64348,22392],{"class":251},[55,64350,248],{"class":247},[55,64352,9471],{"class":69},[55,64354,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365,64367,64369],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,64356,121],{"class":120},[55,64358,103],{"class":69},[55,64360,1899],{"class":1898},[55,64362,103],{"class":69},[55,64364,13776],{"class":99},[55,64366,44],{"class":69},[55,64368,1057],{"class":99},[55,64370,6448],{"class":69},[20,64372,302],{},[46,64374,64376],{"className":48,"code":64375,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64377,64378],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64379,64380,64382,64384,64386,64388,64390,64392,64394,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64381,21887],{"class":69},[55,64383,315],{"class":247},[55,64385,7829],{"class":251},[55,64387,315],{"class":247},[55,64389,77],{"class":69},[55,64391,324],{"class":247},[55,64393,8082],{"class":251},[55,64395,315],{"class":247},[55,64397,9395],{"class":69},[55,64399,9398],{"class":69},[55,64401,315],{"class":247},[55,64403,20038],{"class":251},[55,64405,315],{"class":247},[55,64407,77],{"class":69},[55,64409,324],{"class":247},[55,64411,22392],{"class":251},[55,64413,315],{"class":247},[55,64415,9411],{"class":69},[20,64417,64418],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[142,64420,64422],{"id":64421},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64424,31,64425,993],{},[15,64426,24925],{},[155,64428,64429,64437,64446],{},[158,64430,64431,64432,3041,64434],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64433,42],{},[15,64435,64436],{},"sort()",[158,64438,64439,64440,3041,64442,64445],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64441,36337],{},[15,64443,64444],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[158,64447,64448],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64450,46183,64451,153],{},[15,64452,64444],{},[46,64454,64456],{"className":48,"code":64455,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64457,64458,64482,64498,64502,64525],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64459,64460,64462,64464,64466,64468,64470,64472,64474,64476,64478,64480],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64461,5155],{"class":61},[55,64463,66],{"class":65},[55,64465,70],{"class":69},[55,64467,248],{"class":247},[55,64469,13036],{"class":251},[55,64471,248],{"class":247},[55,64473,77],{"class":69},[55,64475,258],{"class":247},[55,64477,36081],{"class":251},[55,64479,248],{"class":247},[55,64481,88],{"class":69},[55,64483,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,64485,5224],{"class":61},[55,64487,66],{"class":65},[55,64489,70],{"class":69},[55,64491,13653],{"class":73},[55,64493,77],{"class":69},[55,64495,13658],{"class":73},[55,64497,88],{"class":69},[55,64499,64500],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,64501,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,64503,64504,64506,64508,64510,64512,64515,64517,64519,64521,64523],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,64505,9377],{"class":61},[55,64507,66],{"class":65},[55,64509,22705],{"class":1898},[55,64511,103],{"class":69},[55,64513,64514],{"class":120},"zip",[55,64516,103],{"class":69},[55,64518,5199],{"class":99},[55,64520,77],{"class":69},[55,64522,5271],{"class":99},[55,64524,1867],{"class":69},[55,64526,64527,64529,64531,64533],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,64528,121],{"class":120},[55,64530,103],{"class":69},[55,64532,9424],{"class":99},[55,64534,114],{"class":69},[20,64536,302],{},[46,64538,64540],{"className":48,"code":64539,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64541,64542],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64543,64544,64546,64548,64550,64552,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566,64568,64570],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64545,21887],{"class":69},[55,64547,315],{"class":247},[55,64549,13036],{"class":251},[55,64551,315],{"class":247},[55,64553,77],{"class":69},[55,64555,20045],{"class":73},[55,64557,9395],{"class":69},[55,64559,9398],{"class":69},[55,64561,315],{"class":247},[55,64563,36081],{"class":251},[55,64565,315],{"class":247},[55,64567,77],{"class":69},[55,64569,13658],{"class":73},[55,64571,9411],{"class":69},[20,64573,64574,64575,64577,64578,44],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64576,42],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[36,64579,1207],{"href":1206},[142,64581,1211],{"id":1210},[20,64583,56901,64584,44],{},[15,64585,24925],{},[577,64587,64589],{"id":64588},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64591,4686],{},[46,64593,64595],{"className":48,"code":64594,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64596,64597,64601],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64598,64599],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64600,4696],{"class":133},[55,64602,64603,64605,64607,64609,64611,64613,64615,64617],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,64604,1899],{"class":1898},[55,64606,103],{"class":69},[55,64608,74],{"class":73},[55,64610,77],{"class":69},[55,64612,80],{"class":73},[55,64614,77],{"class":69},[55,64616,111],{"class":73},[55,64618,114],{"class":69},[20,64620,64621,64623],{},[15,64622,24925],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64625,18842],{},[46,64627,64629],{"className":48,"code":64628,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64630,64631],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64632,64633,64635,64637,64639,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649,64651],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64634,121],{"class":120},[55,64636,103],{"class":69},[55,64638,1899],{"class":1898},[55,64640,5669],{"class":69},[55,64642,74],{"class":73},[55,64644,77],{"class":69},[55,64646,80],{"class":73},[55,64648,77],{"class":69},[55,64650,111],{"class":73},[55,64652,3075],{"class":69},[577,64654,64656,64657],{"id":64655},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[55,64658,64659],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64661,64662],{},"This is a common surprise:",[46,64664,64666],{"className":48,"code":64665,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64667,64668],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64669,64670,64672,64674,64676,64678,64680,64682,64684],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64671,121],{"class":120},[55,64673,103],{"class":69},[55,64675,1899],{"class":1898},[55,64677,103],{"class":69},[55,64679,248],{"class":247},[55,64681,4009],{"class":251},[55,64683,248],{"class":247},[55,64685,1867],{"class":69},[20,64687,302],{},[46,64689,64691],{"className":48,"code":64690,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64692,64693],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64694,64695,64697,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709,64711,64713,64715,64717,64719,64721,64723,64725,64727,64729,64731,64733,64735],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64696,312],{"class":69},[55,64698,315],{"class":247},[55,64700,60562],{"class":251},[55,64702,315],{"class":247},[55,64704,77],{"class":69},[55,64706,324],{"class":247},[55,64708,60571],{"class":251},[55,64710,315],{"class":247},[55,64712,77],{"class":69},[55,64714,324],{"class":247},[55,64716,60580],{"class":251},[55,64718,315],{"class":247},[55,64720,77],{"class":69},[55,64722,324],{"class":247},[55,64724,60580],{"class":251},[55,64726,315],{"class":247},[55,64728,77],{"class":69},[55,64730,324],{"class":247},[55,64732,60597],{"class":251},[55,64734,315],{"class":247},[55,64736,88],{"class":69},[20,64738,64739],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64741,64742],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[46,64744,64746],{"className":48,"code":64745,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64747,64748],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64749,64750,64752,64754,64756,64758,64760],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64751,121],{"class":120},[55,64753,3149],{"class":69},[55,64755,248],{"class":247},[55,64757,4009],{"class":251},[55,64759,248],{"class":247},[55,64761,1777],{"class":69},[577,64763,64765],{"id":64764},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64767,64768],{},"This:",[46,64770,64772],{"className":48,"code":64771,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64773,64774,64806],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64775,64776,64778,64780,64782,64784,64786,64788,64790,64792,64794,64796,64798,64800,64802,64804],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64777,9327],{"class":61},[55,64779,66],{"class":65},[55,64781,10652],{"class":69},[55,64783,248],{"class":247},[55,64785,36],{"class":251},[55,64787,248],{"class":247},[55,64789,153],{"class":69},[55,64791,630],{"class":73},[55,64793,77],{"class":69},[55,64795,258],{"class":247},[55,64797,285],{"class":251},[55,64799,248],{"class":247},[55,64801,153],{"class":69},[55,64803,80],{"class":73},[55,64805,9471],{"class":69},[55,64807,64808,64810,64812,64814,64816,64818],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,64809,121],{"class":120},[55,64811,103],{"class":69},[55,64813,1899],{"class":1898},[55,64815,103],{"class":69},[55,64817,9366],{"class":99},[55,64819,1867],{"class":69},[20,64821,64822],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64824,31,64825,64828],{},[15,64826,64827],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[577,64830,64832],{"id":64831},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64834,64835,64837],{},[15,64836,24925],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64839,64840],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[142,64842,1986],{"id":1985},[577,64844,2022,64846,64848],{"id":64845},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[55,64847],{}," and list()?",[20,64850,64851,64852,64854,64855,64857],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64853,3950],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64856,24925],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[577,64859,64861],{"id":64860},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64863,64864,64865,64867],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64866,24925],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[577,64869,64871],{"id":64870},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64873,64874],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[577,64876,64878],{"id":64877},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64880,64881],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[577,64883,64885],{"id":64884},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64887,64888,64889,64891],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64890,24925],{}," cannot loop through it.",[142,64893,2039],{"id":2038},[155,64895,64896,64900,64905,64909,64913,64917,64921,64926],{},[158,64897,64898],{},[36,64899,2063],{"href":974},[158,64901,64902],{},[36,64903,64904],{"href":36334},"Python range() function explained",[158,64906,64907],{},[36,64908,63342],{"href":63341},[158,64910,64911],{},[36,64912,63674],{"href":63673},[158,64914,64915],{},[36,64916,5376],{"href":5745},[158,64918,64919],{},[36,64920,13941],{"href":13940},[158,64922,64923],{},[36,64924,64925],{"href":52744},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[158,64927,64928],{},[36,64929,2058],{"href":1206},[2080,64931,64932],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":64934},[64935,64936,64937,64938,64939,64946,64947,64948,64953,64954,64961,64969],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":63044,"depth":91,"text":63045},{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":59743,"depth":91,"text":59744},{"id":63272,"depth":91,"text":63273,"children":64940},[64941,64942,64943,64944,64945],{"id":63276,"depth":117,"text":63277},{"id":63345,"depth":117,"text":63346},{"id":63423,"depth":117,"text":63424},{"id":63498,"depth":117,"text":63499},{"id":63565,"depth":117,"text":63566},{"id":63677,"depth":91,"text":63678},{"id":63813,"depth":91,"text":63814},{"id":64113,"depth":91,"text":64114,"children":64949},[64950,64951,64952],{"id":64122,"depth":117,"text":64123},{"id":64212,"depth":117,"text":64213},{"id":64306,"depth":117,"text":64307},{"id":64421,"depth":91,"text":64422},{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":64955},[64956,64957,64959,64960],{"id":64588,"depth":117,"text":64589},{"id":64655,"depth":117,"text":64958},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64764,"depth":117,"text":64765},{"id":64831,"depth":117,"text":64832},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":64962},[64963,64965,64966,64967,64968],{"id":64845,"depth":117,"text":64964},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64860,"depth":117,"text":64861},{"id":64870,"depth":117,"text":64871},{"id":64877,"depth":117,"text":64878},{"id":64884,"depth":117,"text":64885},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62878,"description":64970},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64977,"title":64978,"body":64979,"description":66329,"extension":2124,"meta":66330,"navigation":428,"path":66331,"seo":66332,"stem":66333,"__hash__":66334},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64980,"toc":66303},[64981,64986,64992,65001,65003,65076,65085,65090,65094,65110,65114,65116,65118,65137,65140,65168,65171,65196,65204,65206,65211,65218,65220,65277,65279,65287,65293,65297,65300,65373,65375,65383,65386,65409,65416,65422,65426,65432,65503,65505,65513,65522,65529,65536,65544,65688,65690,65707,65710,65748,65751,65755,65760,65762,65821,65827,65830,65937,65939,65954,65957,65964,65966,65970,66118,66121,66182,66185,66188,66209,66214,66218,66229,66232,66234,66239,66242,66250,66255,66261,66264,66270,66278,66280,66300],[10,64982,13,64984,18],{"id":64983},"python-list-index-method",[15,64985,59091],{},[20,64987,64988,64991],{},[15,64989,64990],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64993,64994,64995,64998,64999,44],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[1966,64996,64997],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65000,40845],{},[142,65002,3774],{"id":3773},[46,65004,65006],{"className":48,"code":65005,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65007,65008,65040,65063],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65009,65010,65012,65014,65016,65018,65020,65022,65024,65026,65028,65030,65032,65034,65036,65038],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65011,1026],{"class":61},[55,65013,66],{"class":65},[55,65015,70],{"class":69},[55,65017,248],{"class":247},[55,65019,1035],{"class":251},[55,65021,248],{"class":247},[55,65023,77],{"class":69},[55,65025,258],{"class":247},[55,65027,1072],{"class":251},[55,65029,248],{"class":247},[55,65031,77],{"class":69},[55,65033,258],{"class":247},[55,65035,4259],{"class":251},[55,65037,248],{"class":247},[55,65039,88],{"class":69},[55,65041,65042,65045,65047,65049,65051,65053,65055,65057,65059,65061],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,65043,65044],{"class":61},"position ",[55,65046,66],{"class":65},[55,65048,6123],{"class":61},[55,65050,44],{"class":69},[55,65052,201],{"class":99},[55,65054,103],{"class":69},[55,65056,248],{"class":247},[55,65058,1072],{"class":251},[55,65060,248],{"class":247},[55,65062,114],{"class":69},[55,65064,65065,65067,65069,65072,65074],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,65066,121],{"class":120},[55,65068,103],{"class":69},[55,65070,65071],{"class":99},"position",[55,65073,3825],{"class":69},[55,65075,27924],{"class":133},[20,65077,31,65078,65081,65082,65084],{},[15,65079,65080],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65083,40845],{}," if the item is not found.",[142,65086,145,65088,148],{"id":65087},"what-listindex-does",[15,65089,64990],{},[20,65091,65092,153],{},[15,65093,64990],{},[155,65095,65096,65099,65102,65107],{},[158,65097,65098],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[158,65100,65101],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[158,65103,65104,65105],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65106,227],{},[158,65108,65109],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65111,54696,65112,44],{},[36,65113,2063],{"href":54699},[142,65115,2319],{"id":2318},[20,65117,30869],{},[46,65119,65121],{"className":48,"code":65120,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65122,65123],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65124,65125,65127,65129,65131,65133,65135],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65126,192],{"class":61},[55,65128,44],{"class":69},[55,65130,201],{"class":99},[55,65132,103],{"class":69},[55,65134,2633],{"class":99},[55,65136,114],{"class":69},[20,65138,65139],{},"You can also limit the search:",[46,65141,65143],{"className":48,"code":65142,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65144,65145],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65146,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155,65157,65159,65161,65163,65166],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65148,192],{"class":61},[55,65150,44],{"class":69},[55,65152,201],{"class":99},[55,65154,103],{"class":69},[55,65156,2633],{"class":99},[55,65158,77],{"class":69},[55,65160,36192],{"class":99},[55,65162,77],{"class":69},[55,65164,65165],{"class":99}," end",[55,65167,114],{"class":69},[20,65169,65170],{},"Here is what each part means:",[155,65172,65173,65178,65183,65188],{},[158,65174,65175,65177],{},[15,65176,2633],{},": the item to search for",[158,65179,65180,65182],{},[15,65181,36213],{},": where the search begins",[158,65184,65185,65187],{},[15,65186,52804],{},": where the search stops",[158,65189,65190,4944,65192,65195],{},[15,65191,52804],{},[1966,65193,65194],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65197,65198,65199,65201,65202,44],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65200,36213],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65203,52804],{},[142,65205,38160],{"id":38159},[20,65207,65208,65210],{},[15,65209,64990],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65212,65213,65214,65217],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[1966,65215,65216],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65219,230],{},[46,65221,65223],{"className":48,"code":65222,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65224,65225,65245,65263,65267],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65226,65227,65229,65231,65233,65235,65237,65239,65241,65243],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65228,62],{"class":61},[55,65230,66],{"class":65},[55,65232,70],{"class":69},[55,65234,800],{"class":73},[55,65236,77],{"class":69},[55,65238,7951],{"class":73},[55,65240,77],{"class":69},[55,65242,7956],{"class":73},[55,65244,88],{"class":69},[55,65246,65247,65249,65251,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,65248,1255],{"class":61},[55,65250,66],{"class":65},[55,65252,1260],{"class":61},[55,65254,44],{"class":69},[55,65256,201],{"class":99},[55,65258,103],{"class":69},[55,65260,15904],{"class":73},[55,65262,114],{"class":69},[55,65264,65265],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,65266,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,65268,65269,65271,65273,65275],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,65270,121],{"class":120},[55,65272,103],{"class":69},[55,65274,1288],{"class":99},[55,65276,114],{"class":69},[20,65278,302],{},[46,65280,65281],{"className":48,"code":47060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,65282,65283],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65284,65285],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65286,47060],{"class":73},[20,65288,65289,65290,65292],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65291,59091],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[142,65294,65296],{"id":65295},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65298,65299],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[46,65301,65303],{"className":48,"code":65302,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65304,65305,65337,65359,65363],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65306,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315,65317,65319,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329,65331,65333,65335],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65308,36378],{"class":61},[55,65310,66],{"class":65},[55,65312,70],{"class":69},[55,65314,248],{"class":247},[55,65316,1035],{"class":251},[55,65318,248],{"class":247},[55,65320,77],{"class":69},[55,65322,258],{"class":247},[55,65324,1072],{"class":251},[55,65326,248],{"class":247},[55,65328,77],{"class":69},[55,65330,258],{"class":247},[55,65332,4259],{"class":251},[55,65334,248],{"class":247},[55,65336,88],{"class":69},[55,65338,65339,65341,65343,65345,65347,65349,65351,65353,65355,65357],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,65340,65044],{"class":61},[55,65342,66],{"class":65},[55,65344,52993],{"class":61},[55,65346,44],{"class":69},[55,65348,201],{"class":99},[55,65350,103],{"class":69},[55,65352,248],{"class":247},[55,65354,4259],{"class":251},[55,65356,248],{"class":247},[55,65358,114],{"class":69},[55,65360,65361],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,65362,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,65364,65365,65367,65369,65371],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,65366,121],{"class":120},[55,65368,103],{"class":69},[55,65370,65071],{"class":99},[55,65372,114],{"class":69},[20,65374,302],{},[46,65376,65377],{"className":48,"code":17206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,65378,65379],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65380,65381],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65382,17206],{"class":73},[20,65384,65385],{},"In this list:",[155,65387,65388,65395,65402],{},[158,65389,65390,65392,65393],{},[15,65391,57956],{}," is at index ",[15,65394,227],{},[158,65396,65397,65392,65400],{},[15,65398,65399],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65401,74],{},[158,65403,65404,65392,65407],{},[15,65405,65406],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65408,106],{},[20,65410,53790,65411,2558,65414,44],{},[15,65412,65413],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65415,106],{},[20,65417,51687,65418,44],{},[36,65419,65421],{"href":65420},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[142,65423,65425],{"id":65424},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65427,65428,65429,65431],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65430,59091],{}," returns the first match only.",[46,65433,65435],{"className":48,"code":65434,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65436,65437,65477,65481],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65438,65439,65441,65443,65445,65447,65449,65451,65453,65455,65457,65459,65461,65463,65465,65467,65469,65471,65473,65475],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65440,372],{"class":61},[55,65442,66],{"class":65},[55,65444,70],{"class":69},[55,65446,248],{"class":247},[55,65448,381],{"class":251},[55,65450,248],{"class":247},[55,65452,77],{"class":69},[55,65454,258],{"class":247},[55,65456,390],{"class":251},[55,65458,248],{"class":247},[55,65460,77],{"class":69},[55,65462,258],{"class":247},[55,65464,381],{"class":251},[55,65466,248],{"class":247},[55,65468,77],{"class":69},[55,65470,258],{"class":247},[55,65472,399],{"class":251},[55,65474,248],{"class":247},[55,65476,88],{"class":69},[55,65478,65479],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,65480,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,65482,65483,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497,65499,65501],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,65484,121],{"class":120},[55,65486,103],{"class":69},[55,65488,434],{"class":99},[55,65490,44],{"class":69},[55,65492,201],{"class":99},[55,65494,103],{"class":69},[55,65496,248],{"class":247},[55,65498,381],{"class":251},[55,65500,248],{"class":247},[55,65502,1867],{"class":69},[20,65504,302],{},[46,65506,65507],{"className":48,"code":47395,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,65508,65509],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65510,65511],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65512,47395],{"class":73},[20,65514,21124,65515,65518,65519,65521],{},[15,65516,65517],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65520,227],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65523,65524,65525,44],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[36,65526,39,65527,43],{"href":59150},[15,65528,57413],{},[142,65530,8578,65532,352,65534],{"id":65531},"using-start-and-end",[15,65533,36213],{},[15,65535,52804],{},[20,65537,65538,65539,352,65541,65543],{},"The optional ",[15,65540,36213],{},[15,65542,52804],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[46,65545,65547],{"className":48,"code":65546,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65548,65549,65597,65601,65626,65655],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65550,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561,65563,65565,65567,65569,65571,65573,65575,65577,65579,65581,65583,65585,65587,65589,65591,65593,65595],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65552,240],{"class":61},[55,65554,66],{"class":65},[55,65556,70],{"class":69},[55,65558,248],{"class":247},[55,65560,36],{"class":251},[55,65562,248],{"class":247},[55,65564,77],{"class":69},[55,65566,258],{"class":247},[55,65568,285],{"class":251},[55,65570,248],{"class":247},[55,65572,77],{"class":69},[55,65574,258],{"class":247},[55,65576,261],{"class":251},[55,65578,248],{"class":247},[55,65580,77],{"class":69},[55,65582,258],{"class":247},[55,65584,285],{"class":251},[55,65586,248],{"class":247},[55,65588,77],{"class":69},[55,65590,258],{"class":247},[55,65592,886],{"class":251},[55,65594,248],{"class":247},[55,65596,88],{"class":69},[55,65598,65599],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,65600,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,65602,65603,65605,65607,65609,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619,65621,65623],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,65604,121],{"class":120},[55,65606,103],{"class":69},[55,65608,270],{"class":99},[55,65610,44],{"class":69},[55,65612,201],{"class":99},[55,65614,103],{"class":69},[55,65616,248],{"class":247},[55,65618,285],{"class":251},[55,65620,248],{"class":247},[55,65622,5522],{"class":69},[55,65624,65625],{"class":133},"        # first match\n",[55,65627,65628,65630,65632,65634,65636,65638,65640,65642,65644,65646,65648,65650,65652],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,65629,121],{"class":120},[55,65631,103],{"class":69},[55,65633,270],{"class":99},[55,65635,44],{"class":69},[55,65637,201],{"class":99},[55,65639,103],{"class":69},[55,65641,248],{"class":247},[55,65643,285],{"class":251},[55,65645,248],{"class":247},[55,65647,77],{"class":69},[55,65649,80],{"class":73},[55,65651,5522],{"class":69},[55,65653,65654],{"class":133},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[55,65656,65657,65659,65661,65663,65665,65667,65669,65671,65673,65675,65677,65679,65681,65683,65685],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,65658,121],{"class":120},[55,65660,103],{"class":69},[55,65662,270],{"class":99},[55,65664,44],{"class":69},[55,65666,201],{"class":99},[55,65668,103],{"class":69},[55,65670,248],{"class":247},[55,65672,285],{"class":251},[55,65674,248],{"class":247},[55,65676,77],{"class":69},[55,65678,630],{"class":73},[55,65680,77],{"class":69},[55,65682,85],{"class":73},[55,65684,5522],{"class":69},[55,65686,65687],{"class":133},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65689,302],{},[46,65691,65693],{"className":48,"code":65692,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65694,65695,65699,65703],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65696,65697],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65698,47060],{"class":73},[55,65700,65701],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,65702,46760],{"class":73},[55,65704,65705],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,65706,47060],{"class":73},[20,65708,65709],{},"How this works:",[155,65711,65712,65723,65736],{},[158,65713,65714,65717,65718,65720,65721],{},[15,65715,65716],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65719,344],{}," at index ",[15,65722,74],{},[158,65724,65725,65728,65729,65731,65732,65720,65734],{},[15,65726,65727],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65730,106],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65733,344],{},[15,65735,2223],{},[158,65737,65738,65741,65742,2352,65744,17222,65746],{},[15,65739,65740],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65743,74],{},[15,65745,106],{},[15,65747,2223],{},[20,65749,65750],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[142,65752,65754],{"id":65753},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65756,65757,65758,44],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65759,40845],{},[20,65761,230],{},[46,65763,65765],{"className":48,"code":65764,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65766,65767,65799],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65768,65769,65771,65773,65775,65777,65779,65781,65783,65785,65787,65789,65791,65793,65795,65797],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65770,1026],{"class":61},[55,65772,66],{"class":65},[55,65774,70],{"class":69},[55,65776,248],{"class":247},[55,65778,1035],{"class":251},[55,65780,248],{"class":247},[55,65782,77],{"class":69},[55,65784,258],{"class":247},[55,65786,1072],{"class":251},[55,65788,248],{"class":247},[55,65790,77],{"class":69},[55,65792,258],{"class":247},[55,65794,4259],{"class":251},[55,65796,248],{"class":247},[55,65798,88],{"class":69},[55,65800,65801,65803,65805,65807,65809,65811,65813,65815,65817,65819],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,65802,121],{"class":120},[55,65804,103],{"class":69},[55,65806,1057],{"class":99},[55,65808,44],{"class":69},[55,65810,201],{"class":99},[55,65812,103],{"class":69},[55,65814,248],{"class":247},[55,65816,1044],{"class":251},[55,65818,248],{"class":247},[55,65820,1867],{"class":69},[20,65822,39794,65823,65826],{},[15,65824,65825],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65828,65829],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[46,65831,65833],{"className":48,"code":65832,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65834,65835,65867,65880,65884,65897,65916,65922],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65836,65837,65839,65841,65843,65845,65847,65849,65851,65853,65855,65857,65859,65861,65863,65865],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65838,1026],{"class":61},[55,65840,66],{"class":65},[55,65842,70],{"class":69},[55,65844,248],{"class":247},[55,65846,1035],{"class":251},[55,65848,248],{"class":247},[55,65850,77],{"class":69},[55,65852,258],{"class":247},[55,65854,1072],{"class":251},[55,65856,248],{"class":247},[55,65858,77],{"class":69},[55,65860,258],{"class":247},[55,65862,4259],{"class":251},[55,65864,248],{"class":247},[55,65866,88],{"class":69},[55,65868,65869,65872,65874,65876,65878],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,65870,65871],{"class":61},"search_value ",[55,65873,66],{"class":65},[55,65875,258],{"class":247},[55,65877,1044],{"class":251},[55,65879,3522],{"class":247},[55,65881,65882],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,65883,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,65885,65886,65888,65891,65893,65895],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,65887,7157],{"class":4040},[55,65889,65890],{"class":61}," search_value ",[55,65892,4047],{"class":65},[55,65894,6123],{"class":61},[55,65896,6552],{"class":69},[55,65898,65899,65901,65903,65905,65907,65909,65911,65914],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,65900,8230],{"class":120},[55,65902,103],{"class":69},[55,65904,1057],{"class":99},[55,65906,44],{"class":69},[55,65908,201],{"class":99},[55,65910,103],{"class":69},[55,65912,65913],{"class":99},"search_value",[55,65915,1867],{"class":69},[55,65917,65918,65920],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,65919,27578],{"class":4040},[55,65921,6552],{"class":69},[55,65923,65924,65926,65928,65930,65933,65935],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,65925,8230],{"class":120},[55,65927,103],{"class":69},[55,65929,248],{"class":247},[55,65931,65932],{"class":251},"Item not found",[55,65934,248],{"class":247},[55,65936,114],{"class":69},[20,65938,302],{},[46,65940,65942],{"className":48,"code":65941,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Item not found\n",[15,65943,65944],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65945,65946,65949,65951],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65947,65948],{"class":61},"Item ",[55,65950,1968],{"class":65},[55,65952,65953],{"class":61}," found\n",[20,65955,65956],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65958,65959,65960,44],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[36,65961,65963],{"href":65962},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[142,65965,1211],{"id":1210},[20,65967,21358,65968,153],{},[15,65969,64990],{},[155,65971,65972,65990,66002,66062],{},[158,65973,25918,65974,2558,65976,65979,65980,65982,65983,5322,65985,65987,65988,44],{},[15,65975,59091],{},[15,65977,65978],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10008,65981],{},"\nPython does ",[1966,65984,1968],{},[15,65986,65978],{},". It raises ",[15,65989,40845],{},[158,65991,65992,65993,65995,65998,65999,66001],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10008,65994],{},[15,65996,65997],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66000,65399],{},", not the value itself.",[158,66003,8578,66004,11252,66007,66009,66011,66012,16805,66014,66037,1343,66039],{},[15,66005,66006],{},"index[]",[15,66008,59091],{},[10008,66010],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10008,66013],{},[46,66015,66017],{"className":48,"code":66016,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66018,66019],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66020,66021,66023,66025,66027,66029,66031,66033,66035],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66022,1057],{"class":61},[55,66024,44],{"class":69},[55,66026,201],{"class":99},[55,66028,103],{"class":69},[55,66030,248],{"class":247},[55,66032,1072],{"class":251},[55,66034,248],{"class":247},[55,66036,114],{"class":69},[10008,66038],{},[46,66040,66042],{"className":48,"code":66041,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66043,66044],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66045,66046,66048,66050,66052,66054,66056,66058,66060],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66047,1057],{"class":61},[55,66049,44],{"class":69},[55,66051,201],{"class":1880},[55,66053,312],{"class":69},[55,66055,248],{"class":247},[55,66057,1072],{"class":251},[55,66059,248],{"class":247},[55,66061,88],{"class":69},[158,66063,66064,66065,66067,352,66070,66072,66073],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10008,66066],{},[15,66068,66069],{},"\"3\"",[15,66071,2223],{}," are different values in Python.",[46,66074,66076],{"className":48,"code":66075,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66077,66078,66098],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66079,66080,66082,66084,66086,66088,66090,66092,66094,66096],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66081,62],{"class":61},[55,66083,66],{"class":65},[55,66085,70],{"class":69},[55,66087,74],{"class":73},[55,66089,77],{"class":69},[55,66091,80],{"class":73},[55,66093,77],{"class":69},[55,66095,111],{"class":73},[55,66097,88],{"class":69},[55,66099,66100,66102,66104,66106,66108,66110,66112,66114,66116],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,66101,121],{"class":120},[55,66103,103],{"class":69},[55,66105,248],{"class":247},[55,66107,2223],{"class":251},[55,66109,248],{"class":247},[55,66111,21320],{"class":4040},[55,66113,1260],{"class":99},[55,66115,3825],{"class":69},[55,66117,4932],{"class":133},[20,66119,66120],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[46,66122,66124],{"className":48,"code":66123,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66125,66126,66136,66150,66164],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66127,66128,66130,66132,66134],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66129,121],{"class":120},[55,66131,103],{"class":69},[55,66133,192],{"class":99},[55,66135,114],{"class":69},[55,66137,66138,66140,66142,66144,66146,66148],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,66139,121],{"class":120},[55,66141,103],{"class":69},[55,66143,1910],{"class":1898},[55,66145,103],{"class":69},[55,66147,65913],{"class":99},[55,66149,1867],{"class":69},[55,66151,66152,66154,66156,66158,66160,66162],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,66153,121],{"class":120},[55,66155,103],{"class":69},[55,66157,65871],{"class":99},[55,66159,4047],{"class":4040},[55,66161,8556],{"class":99},[55,66163,114],{"class":69},[55,66165,66166,66168,66170,66172,66174,66176,66178,66180],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,66167,121],{"class":120},[55,66169,103],{"class":69},[55,66171,192],{"class":99},[55,66173,44],{"class":69},[55,66175,201],{"class":99},[55,66177,103],{"class":69},[55,66179,65913],{"class":99},[55,66181,1867],{"class":69},[20,66183,66184],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66186,66187],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[155,66189,66190,66193,66200,66206],{},[158,66191,66192],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[158,66194,66195,66196,11252,66198],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66197,66069],{},[15,66199,2223],{},[158,66201,66202,66203,66205],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66204,59091],{}," returns only the first one",[158,66207,66208],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[142,66210,1937,66212],{"id":66211},"when-to-use-index",[15,66213,59091],{},[20,66215,31,66216,993],{},[15,66217,59091],{},[155,66219,66220,66223,66226],{},[158,66221,66222],{},"You need the position of a known value",[158,66224,66225],{},"You are working with a small list",[158,66227,66228],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66230,66231],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[142,66233,1986],{"id":1985},[577,66235,5303,66237,5306],{"id":66236},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66238,64990],{},[20,66240,66241],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[577,66243,1990,66245,5322,66247,66249],{"id":66244},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66246,64990],{},[15,66248,65978],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66251,66252,66253,6790],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66254,40845],{},[577,66256,2009,66258,66260],{"id":66257},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66259,64990],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66262,66263],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[577,66265,66267,66268,2027],{"id":66266},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66269,59091],{},[20,66271,66272,66273,352,66275,66277],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66274,36213],{},[15,66276,52804],{}," arguments.",[142,66279,2039],{"id":2038},[155,66281,66282,66286,66290,66294],{},[158,66283,66284],{},[36,66285,59079],{"href":65420},[158,66287,66288],{},[36,66289,2063],{"href":54699},[158,66291,66292],{},[36,66293,65963],{"href":65962},[158,66295,66296],{},[36,66297,39,66298,43],{"href":59150},[15,66299,57413],{},[2080,66301,66302],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":66304},[66305,66306,66308,66309,66310,66311,66312,66314,66315,66316,66318,66328],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":65087,"depth":91,"text":66307},"What list.index() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":38159,"depth":91,"text":38160},{"id":65295,"depth":91,"text":65296},{"id":65424,"depth":91,"text":65425},{"id":65531,"depth":91,"text":66313},"Using start and end",{"id":65753,"depth":91,"text":65754},{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211},{"id":66211,"depth":91,"text":66317},"When to use index()",{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":66319},[66320,66322,66324,66326],{"id":66236,"depth":117,"text":66321},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66244,"depth":117,"text":66323},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66257,"depth":117,"text":66325},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66266,"depth":117,"text":66327},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68148,"toc":69675},[68149,68155,68164,68213,68215,68223,68229,68231,68249,68255,68260,68263,68266,68281,68283,68335,68337,68345,68353,68360,68362,68368,68433,68435,68443,68445,68464,68467,68518,68522,68527,68554,68556,68564,68567,68636,68638,68653,68659,68663,68672,68675,68730,68732,68740,68743,68745,68790,68792,68800,68806,68808,68816,68819,68821,68860,68862,68901,68906,68908,68910,68945,68948,68950,68988,68992,68998,69000,69051,69053,69061,69068,69071,69092,69095,69150,69161,69163,69224,69226,69235,69242,69248,69251,69254,69311,69314,69327,69334,69340,69346,69348,69361,69364,69461,69463,69480,69483,69565,69567,69589,69596,69602,69604,69608,69614,69620,69625,69629,69632,69638,69645,69647,69672],[10,68150,68152,68153,3825],{"id":68151},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68154,1860],{},[20,68156,68157,68158,68160,68161,68163],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68159,42503],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68162,42503],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[46,68165,68167],{"className":48,"code":68166,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68168,68169,68189,68203],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68170,68171,68173,68175,68177,68179,68181,68183,68185,68187],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68172,62],{"class":61},[55,68174,66],{"class":65},[55,68176,70],{"class":69},[55,68178,800],{"class":73},[55,68180,77],{"class":69},[55,68182,7951],{"class":73},[55,68184,77],{"class":69},[55,68186,7956],{"class":73},[55,68188,88],{"class":69},[55,68190,68191,68193,68195,68197,68199,68201],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,68192,41383],{"class":61},[55,68194,66],{"class":65},[55,68196,38526],{"class":120},[55,68198,103],{"class":69},[55,68200,94],{"class":99},[55,68202,114],{"class":69},[55,68204,68205,68207,68209,68211],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,68206,121],{"class":120},[55,68208,103],{"class":69},[55,68210,41401],{"class":99},[55,68212,114],{"class":69},[20,68214,302],{},[46,68216,68217],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,68218,68219],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68220,68221],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68222,46760],{"class":73},[20,68224,31,68225,68228],{},[15,68226,68227],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[142,68230,15312],{"id":15311},[155,68232,68233,68238,68243,68246],{},[158,68234,4361,68235,68237],{},[15,68236,42503],{}," works with Python lists",[158,68239,68240,68241,11862],{},"What value ",[15,68242,42503],{},[158,68244,68245],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[158,68247,68248],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[142,68250,145,68252,68254],{"id":68251},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68253,42503],{}," returns for a list",[20,68256,68257,65210],{},[15,68258,68259],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68261,68262],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68264,68265],{},"A few important points:",[155,68267,68268,68271,68276],{},[158,68269,68270],{},"It counts list items",[158,68272,41047,68273,68275],{},[1966,68274,1968],{}," count characters inside a string item",[158,68277,68278,68279],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68280,227],{},[20,68282,230],{},[46,68284,68286],{"className":48,"code":68285,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68287,68288,68321],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68289,68290,68292,68294,68296,68298,68300,68302,68304,68306,68309,68311,68313,68315,68317,68319],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68291,4234],{"class":61},[55,68293,66],{"class":65},[55,68295,70],{"class":69},[55,68297,248],{"class":247},[55,68299,37186],{"class":251},[55,68301,248],{"class":247},[55,68303,77],{"class":69},[55,68305,258],{"class":247},[55,68307,68308],{"class":251},"elephant",[55,68310,248],{"class":247},[55,68312,77],{"class":69},[55,68314,258],{"class":247},[55,68316,58250],{"class":251},[55,68318,248],{"class":247},[55,68320,88],{"class":69},[55,68322,68323,68325,68327,68329,68331,68333],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,68324,121],{"class":120},[55,68326,103],{"class":69},[55,68328,1860],{"class":120},[55,68330,103],{"class":69},[55,68332,4276],{"class":99},[55,68334,1867],{"class":69},[20,68336,302],{},[46,68338,68339],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,68340,68341],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68342,68343],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68344,46760],{"class":73},[20,68346,21124,68347,68350,68351,65217],{},[15,68348,68349],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[1966,68352,52800],{},[20,68354,68355,68356,44],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[36,68357,3740,68358,3673],{"href":42500},[15,68359,42503],{},[142,68361,359],{"id":358},[20,68363,68364,68365,68367],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68366,42503],{},", and print the result.",[46,68369,68371],{"className":48,"code":68370,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68372,68373,68405,68419,68423],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68374,68375,68377,68379,68381,68383,68385,68387,68389,68391,68393,68395,68397,68399,68401,68403],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68376,372],{"class":61},[55,68378,66],{"class":65},[55,68380,70],{"class":69},[55,68382,248],{"class":247},[55,68384,381],{"class":251},[55,68386,248],{"class":247},[55,68388,77],{"class":69},[55,68390,258],{"class":247},[55,68392,399],{"class":251},[55,68394,248],{"class":247},[55,68396,77],{"class":69},[55,68398,258],{"class":247},[55,68400,390],{"class":251},[55,68402,248],{"class":247},[55,68404,88],{"class":69},[55,68406,68407,68409,68411,68413,68415,68417],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,68408,41383],{"class":61},[55,68410,66],{"class":65},[55,68412,38526],{"class":120},[55,68414,103],{"class":69},[55,68416,434],{"class":99},[55,68418,114],{"class":69},[55,68420,68421],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,68422,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,68424,68425,68427,68429,68431],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,68426,121],{"class":120},[55,68428,103],{"class":69},[55,68430,41401],{"class":99},[55,68432,114],{"class":69},[20,68434,302],{},[46,68436,68437],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,68438,68439],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68440,68441],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68442,46760],{"class":73},[20,68444,11840],{},[155,68446,68447,68452,68459],{},[158,68448,68449,68451],{},[15,68450,434],{}," is a list with 3 items",[158,68453,68454,2558,68457],{},[15,68455,68456],{},"len(colors)",[15,68458,2223],{},[158,68460,68461,68462],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68463,41401],{},[20,68465,68466],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[46,68468,68470],{"className":48,"code":68469,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68471,68472,68504],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68473,68474,68476,68478,68480,68482,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496,68498,68500,68502],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68475,372],{"class":61},[55,68477,66],{"class":65},[55,68479,70],{"class":69},[55,68481,248],{"class":247},[55,68483,381],{"class":251},[55,68485,248],{"class":247},[55,68487,77],{"class":69},[55,68489,258],{"class":247},[55,68491,399],{"class":251},[55,68493,248],{"class":247},[55,68495,77],{"class":69},[55,68497,258],{"class":247},[55,68499,390],{"class":251},[55,68501,248],{"class":247},[55,68503,88],{"class":69},[55,68505,68506,68508,68510,68512,68514,68516],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,68507,121],{"class":120},[55,68509,103],{"class":69},[55,68511,1860],{"class":120},[55,68513,103],{"class":69},[55,68515,434],{"class":99},[55,68517,1867],{"class":69},[142,68519,68521],{"id":68520},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68523,68524,68525,44],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68526,227],{},[46,68528,68530],{"className":48,"code":68529,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68531,68532,68540],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68533,68534,68536,68538],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68535,1026],{"class":61},[55,68537,66],{"class":65},[55,68539,7999],{"class":69},[55,68541,68542,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,68543,121],{"class":120},[55,68545,103],{"class":69},[55,68547,1860],{"class":120},[55,68549,103],{"class":69},[55,68551,1057],{"class":99},[55,68553,1867],{"class":69},[20,68555,302],{},[46,68557,68558],{"className":48,"code":47395,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,68559,68560],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68561,68562],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68563,47395],{"class":73},[20,68565,68566],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[46,68568,68570],{"className":48,"code":68569,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68571,68572,68580,68584,68602,68616,68622],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68573,68574,68576,68578],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68575,1026],{"class":61},[55,68577,66],{"class":65},[55,68579,7999],{"class":69},[55,68581,68582],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,68583,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,68585,68586,68588,68590,68592,68594,68596,68598,68600],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,68587,7157],{"class":4040},[55,68589,38526],{"class":120},[55,68591,103],{"class":69},[55,68593,1057],{"class":99},[55,68595,3825],{"class":69},[55,68597,38536],{"class":65},[55,68599,3997],{"class":73},[55,68601,6552],{"class":69},[55,68603,68604,68606,68608,68610,68612,68614],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,68605,8230],{"class":120},[55,68607,103],{"class":69},[55,68609,1057],{"class":99},[55,68611,312],{"class":69},[55,68613,227],{"class":73},[55,68615,1777],{"class":69},[55,68617,68618,68620],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,68619,27578],{"class":4040},[55,68621,6552],{"class":69},[55,68623,68624,68626,68628,68630,68632,68634],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,68625,8230],{"class":120},[55,68627,103],{"class":69},[55,68629,248],{"class":247},[55,68631,51960],{"class":251},[55,68633,248],{"class":247},[55,68635,114],{"class":69},[20,68637,302],{},[46,68639,68641],{"className":48,"code":68640,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The list is empty\n",[15,68642,68643],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68644,68645,68647,68649,68651],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68646,568],{"class":61},[55,68648,1899],{"class":1898},[55,68650,8257],{"class":65},[55,68652,8263],{"class":61},[20,68654,68655,68656,68658],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[36,68657,2063],{"href":974}," is a good next step.",[142,68660,68662],{"id":68661},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68664,68665,68667,68668,68671],{},[15,68666,42503],{}," counts only the ",[1966,68669,68670],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68673,68674],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[46,68676,68678],{"className":48,"code":68677,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68679,68680,68716],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68681,68682,68684,68686,68688,68690,68692,68694,68696,68698,68700,68702,68704,68706,68708,68710,68712,68714],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68683,9327],{"class":61},[55,68685,66],{"class":65},[55,68687,56420],{"class":69},[55,68689,74],{"class":73},[55,68691,77],{"class":69},[55,68693,80],{"class":73},[55,68695,1813],{"class":69},[55,68697,70],{"class":69},[55,68699,2223],{"class":73},[55,68701,77],{"class":69},[55,68703,85],{"class":73},[55,68705,1813],{"class":69},[55,68707,70],{"class":69},[55,68709,2297],{"class":73},[55,68711,77],{"class":69},[55,68713,37783],{"class":73},[55,68715,53382],{"class":69},[55,68717,68718,68720,68722,68724,68726,68728],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,68719,121],{"class":120},[55,68721,103],{"class":69},[55,68723,1860],{"class":120},[55,68725,103],{"class":69},[55,68727,9366],{"class":99},[55,68729,1867],{"class":69},[20,68731,302],{},[46,68733,68734],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,68735,68736],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68737,68738],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68739,46760],{"class":73},[20,68741,68742],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68744,52224],{},[46,68746,68748],{"className":48,"code":68747,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68749,68750,68776],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68751,68752,68754,68756,68758,68760,68762,68764,68766,68768,68770,68772,68774],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68753,59596],{"class":61},[55,68755,66],{"class":65},[55,68757,70],{"class":69},[55,68759,74],{"class":73},[55,68761,77],{"class":69},[55,68763,70],{"class":69},[55,68765,106],{"class":73},[55,68767,77],{"class":69},[55,68769,111],{"class":73},[55,68771,1813],{"class":69},[55,68773,85],{"class":73},[55,68775,88],{"class":69},[55,68777,68778,68780,68782,68784,68786,68788],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,68779,121],{"class":120},[55,68781,103],{"class":69},[55,68783,1860],{"class":120},[55,68785,103],{"class":69},[55,68787,59649],{"class":99},[55,68789,1867],{"class":69},[20,68791,302],{},[46,68793,68794],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,68795,68796],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68797,68798],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68799,46760],{"class":73},[20,68801,21124,68802,68805],{},[15,68803,68804],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[142,68807,1211],{"id":1210},[577,68809,8578,68811,11252,68814],{"id":68810},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68812,68813],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68815,68259],{},[20,68817,68818],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68820,1343],{},[46,68822,68824],{"className":48,"code":68823,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68825,68826,68846],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68827,68828,68830,68832,68834,68836,68838,68840,68842,68844],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68829,62],{"class":61},[55,68831,66],{"class":65},[55,68833,70],{"class":69},[55,68835,800],{"class":73},[55,68837,77],{"class":69},[55,68839,7951],{"class":73},[55,68841,77],{"class":69},[55,68843,7956],{"class":73},[55,68845,88],{"class":69},[55,68847,68848,68850,68852,68854,68856,68858],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,68849,121],{"class":120},[55,68851,103],{"class":69},[55,68853,94],{"class":99},[55,68855,44],{"class":69},[55,68857,1860],{"class":99},[55,68859,7354],{"class":69},[20,68861,16805],{},[46,68863,68865],{"className":48,"code":68864,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68866,68867,68887],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68868,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881,68883,68885],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68870,62],{"class":61},[55,68872,66],{"class":65},[55,68874,70],{"class":69},[55,68876,800],{"class":73},[55,68878,77],{"class":69},[55,68880,7951],{"class":73},[55,68882,77],{"class":69},[55,68884,7956],{"class":73},[55,68886,88],{"class":69},[55,68888,68889,68891,68893,68895,68897,68899],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,68890,121],{"class":120},[55,68892,103],{"class":69},[55,68894,1860],{"class":120},[55,68896,103],{"class":69},[55,68898,94],{"class":99},[55,68900,1867],{"class":69},[20,68902,68903,68905],{},[15,68904,42503],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[577,68907,25832],{"id":25831},[20,68909,1343],{},[46,68911,68913],{"className":48,"code":68912,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68914,68915,68935],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68916,68917,68919,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68918,62],{"class":61},[55,68920,66],{"class":65},[55,68922,70],{"class":69},[55,68924,800],{"class":73},[55,68926,77],{"class":69},[55,68928,7951],{"class":73},[55,68930,77],{"class":69},[55,68932,7956],{"class":73},[55,68934,88],{"class":69},[55,68936,68937,68939,68941,68943],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,68938,121],{"class":120},[55,68940,103],{"class":69},[55,68942,1860],{"class":120},[55,68944,114],{"class":69},[20,68946,68947],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68949,16805],{},[46,68951,68952],{"className":48,"code":68864,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,68953,68954,68974],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68955,68956,68958,68960,68962,68964,68966,68968,68970,68972],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68957,62],{"class":61},[55,68959,66],{"class":65},[55,68961,70],{"class":69},[55,68963,800],{"class":73},[55,68965,77],{"class":69},[55,68967,7951],{"class":73},[55,68969,77],{"class":69},[55,68971,7956],{"class":73},[55,68973,88],{"class":69},[55,68975,68976,68978,68980,68982,68984,68986],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,68977,121],{"class":120},[55,68979,103],{"class":69},[55,68981,1860],{"class":120},[55,68983,103],{"class":69},[55,68985,94],{"class":99},[55,68987,1867],{"class":69},[577,68989,68991],{"id":68990},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68993,68994,68995,68997],{},"The length of a list is ",[1966,68996,1968],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68999,230],{},[46,69001,69003],{"className":48,"code":69002,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69004,69005,69037],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69006,69007,69009,69011,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021,69023,69025,69027,69029,69031,69033,69035],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69008,240],{"class":61},[55,69010,66],{"class":65},[55,69012,70],{"class":69},[55,69014,248],{"class":247},[55,69016,36],{"class":251},[55,69018,248],{"class":247},[55,69020,77],{"class":69},[55,69022,258],{"class":247},[55,69024,285],{"class":251},[55,69026,248],{"class":247},[55,69028,77],{"class":69},[55,69030,258],{"class":247},[55,69032,261],{"class":251},[55,69034,248],{"class":247},[55,69036,88],{"class":69},[55,69038,69039,69041,69043,69045,69047,69049],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,69040,121],{"class":120},[55,69042,103],{"class":69},[55,69044,1860],{"class":120},[55,69046,103],{"class":69},[55,69048,270],{"class":99},[55,69050,1867],{"class":69},[20,69052,302],{},[46,69054,69055],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,69056,69057],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69058,69059],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69060,46760],{"class":73},[20,69062,69063,69064,19110,69066,44],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69065,106],{},[15,69067,2223],{},[20,69069,69070],{},"Indexes are:",[155,69072,69073,69080,69086],{},[158,69074,69075,69077,69078],{},[15,69076,227],{}," for ",[15,69079,351],{},[158,69081,69082,69077,69084],{},[15,69083,74],{},[15,69085,344],{},[158,69087,69088,69077,69090],{},[15,69089,106],{},[15,69091,355],{},[20,69093,69094],{},"So this causes an error:",[46,69096,69098],{"className":48,"code":69097,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69099,69100,69132],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69101,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128,69130],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69103,240],{"class":61},[55,69105,66],{"class":65},[55,69107,70],{"class":69},[55,69109,248],{"class":247},[55,69111,36],{"class":251},[55,69113,248],{"class":247},[55,69115,77],{"class":69},[55,69117,258],{"class":247},[55,69119,285],{"class":251},[55,69121,248],{"class":247},[55,69123,77],{"class":69},[55,69125,258],{"class":247},[55,69127,261],{"class":251},[55,69129,248],{"class":247},[55,69131,88],{"class":69},[55,69133,69134,69136,69138,69140,69142,69144,69146,69148],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,69135,121],{"class":120},[55,69137,103],{"class":69},[55,69139,270],{"class":99},[55,69141,312],{"class":69},[55,69143,1860],{"class":120},[55,69145,103],{"class":69},[55,69147,270],{"class":99},[55,69149,10839],{"class":69},[20,69151,8656,69152,4944,69155,69157,69158,69160],{},[15,69153,69154],{},"len(letters)",[15,69156,2223],{},", and index ",[15,69159,2223],{}," does not exist.",[20,69162,18987],{},[46,69164,69166],{"className":48,"code":69165,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69167,69168,69200],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69169,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178,69180,69182,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192,69194,69196,69198],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69171,240],{"class":61},[55,69173,66],{"class":65},[55,69175,70],{"class":69},[55,69177,248],{"class":247},[55,69179,36],{"class":251},[55,69181,248],{"class":247},[55,69183,77],{"class":69},[55,69185,258],{"class":247},[55,69187,285],{"class":251},[55,69189,248],{"class":247},[55,69191,77],{"class":69},[55,69193,258],{"class":247},[55,69195,261],{"class":251},[55,69197,248],{"class":247},[55,69199,88],{"class":69},[55,69201,69202,69204,69206,69208,69210,69212,69214,69216,69218,69220,69222],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,69203,121],{"class":120},[55,69205,103],{"class":69},[55,69207,270],{"class":99},[55,69209,312],{"class":69},[55,69211,1860],{"class":120},[55,69213,103],{"class":69},[55,69215,270],{"class":99},[55,69217,3825],{"class":69},[55,69219,2385],{"class":65},[55,69221,630],{"class":73},[55,69223,1777],{"class":69},[20,69225,302],{},[46,69227,69229],{"className":48,"code":69228,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"c\n",[15,69230,69231],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69232,69233],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69234,69228],{"class":61},[20,69236,69237,69238,44],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[36,69239,69241],{"href":69240},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[577,69243,8578,69245,69247],{"id":69244},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69246,42503],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69249,69250],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69252,69253],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[46,69255,69257],{"className":48,"code":69256,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69258,69259,69269,69283,69297],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69260,69261,69263,69265,69267],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69262,121],{"class":120},[55,69264,103],{"class":69},[55,69266,192],{"class":99},[55,69268,114],{"class":69},[55,69270,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279,69281],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,69272,121],{"class":120},[55,69274,103],{"class":69},[55,69276,1860],{"class":120},[55,69278,103],{"class":69},[55,69280,192],{"class":99},[55,69282,1867],{"class":69},[55,69284,69285,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,69286,121],{"class":120},[55,69288,103],{"class":69},[55,69290,1910],{"class":1898},[55,69292,103],{"class":69},[55,69294,192],{"class":99},[55,69296,1867],{"class":69},[55,69298,69299,69301,69303,69305,69307,69309],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,69300,121],{"class":120},[55,69302,103],{"class":69},[55,69304,192],{"class":99},[55,69306,312],{"class":69},[55,69308,227],{"class":73},[55,69310,1777],{"class":69},[20,69312,69313],{},"These help you verify:",[155,69315,69316,69319,69321,69324],{},[158,69317,69318],{},"what the variable contains",[158,69320,60908],{},[158,69322,69323],{},"whether it is really a list",[158,69325,69326],{},"what the first item is",[20,69328,69329,69330,69333],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69331,69332],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[142,69335,1937,69337,69339],{"id":69336},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69338,42503],{}," with lists",[20,69341,69342,69343,69345],{},"You will often use ",[15,69344,42503],{}," in real programs.",[20,69347,9536],{},[155,69349,69350,69352,69355,69358],{},[158,69351,51914],{},[158,69353,69354],{},"Control loops",[158,69356,69357],{},"Validate input or results",[158,69359,69360],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69362,69363],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[46,69365,69367],{"className":48,"code":69366,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69368,69369,69389,69405,69409,69423,69437],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69370,69371,69373,69375,69377,69379,69381,69383,69385,69387],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69372,2715],{"class":61},[55,69374,66],{"class":65},[55,69376,70],{"class":69},[55,69378,74],{"class":73},[55,69380,77],{"class":69},[55,69382,80],{"class":73},[55,69384,77],{"class":69},[55,69386,111],{"class":73},[55,69388,88],{"class":69},[55,69390,69391,69393,69395,69397,69399,69401,69403],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,69392,2743],{"class":61},[55,69394,66],{"class":65},[55,69396,70],{"class":69},[55,69398,800],{"class":73},[55,69400,77],{"class":69},[55,69402,7951],{"class":73},[55,69404,88],{"class":69},[55,69406,69407],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,69408,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,69410,69411,69413,69415,69417,69419,69421],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,69412,121],{"class":120},[55,69414,103],{"class":69},[55,69416,1860],{"class":120},[55,69418,103],{"class":69},[55,69420,36],{"class":99},[55,69422,1867],{"class":69},[55,69424,69425,69427,69429,69431,69433,69435],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,69426,121],{"class":120},[55,69428,103],{"class":69},[55,69430,1860],{"class":120},[55,69432,103],{"class":69},[55,69434,285],{"class":99},[55,69436,1867],{"class":69},[55,69438,69439,69441,69443,69445,69447,69449,69451,69453,69455,69457,69459],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,69440,121],{"class":120},[55,69442,103],{"class":69},[55,69444,1860],{"class":120},[55,69446,103],{"class":69},[55,69448,36],{"class":99},[55,69450,3825],{"class":69},[55,69452,38536],{"class":65},[55,69454,38526],{"class":120},[55,69456,103],{"class":69},[55,69458,285],{"class":99},[55,69460,1867],{"class":69},[20,69462,302],{},[46,69464,69466],{"className":48,"code":69465,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69467,69468,69472,69476],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69469,69470],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69471,46760],{"class":73},[55,69473,69474],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,69475,17206],{"class":73},[55,69477,69478],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,69479,4143],{"class":1312},[20,69481,69482],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[46,69484,69486],{"className":48,"code":69485,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69487,69488,69520,69524,69546],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69489,69490,69492,69494,69496,69498,69500,69502,69504,69506,69508,69510,69512,69514,69516,69518],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69491,5155],{"class":61},[55,69493,66],{"class":65},[55,69495,70],{"class":69},[55,69497,248],{"class":247},[55,69499,13036],{"class":251},[55,69501,248],{"class":247},[55,69503,77],{"class":69},[55,69505,258],{"class":247},[55,69507,36081],{"class":251},[55,69509,248],{"class":247},[55,69511,77],{"class":69},[55,69513,258],{"class":247},[55,69515,36090],{"class":251},[55,69517,248],{"class":247},[55,69519,88],{"class":69},[55,69521,69522],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,69523,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,69525,69526,69528,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541,69543],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,69527,6115],{"class":4040},[55,69529,69530],{"class":61}," i ",[55,69532,4047],{"class":4040},[55,69534,54205],{"class":120},[55,69536,103],{"class":69},[55,69538,1860],{"class":120},[55,69540,103],{"class":69},[55,69542,5199],{"class":99},[55,69544,69545],{"class":69},")):\n",[55,69547,69548,69550,69552,69554,69556,69559,69561,69563],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,69549,8230],{"class":120},[55,69551,103],{"class":69},[55,69553,36293],{"class":99},[55,69555,77],{"class":69},[55,69557,69558],{"class":99}," names",[55,69560,312],{"class":69},[55,69562,36293],{"class":99},[55,69564,1777],{"class":69},[20,69566,302],{},[46,69568,69569],{"className":48,"code":36139,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,69570,69571,69577,69583],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69572,69573,69575],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69574,227],{"class":73},[55,69576,36148],{"class":61},[55,69578,69579,69581],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,69580,74],{"class":73},[55,69582,36155],{"class":61},[55,69584,69585,69587],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,69586,106],{"class":73},[55,69588,36162],{"class":61},[20,69590,69591,69592,44],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[36,69593,69595],{"href":69594},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69597,69598,69599,69601],{},"You can also read ",[36,69600,51691],{"href":51690}," for a task-focused guide.",[142,69603,1986],{"id":1985},[577,69605,69607],{"id":69606},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69609,31,69610,69613],{},[15,69611,69612],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[577,69615,5303,69617,12871],{"id":69616},"what-does-len-return",[15,69618,69619],{},"len([])",[20,69621,5309,69622,69624],{},[15,69623,227],{}," because the list is empty.",[577,69626,69628],{"id":69627},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69630,69631],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[577,69633,28473,69635,69637],{"id":69634},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69636,68813],{}," in Python?",[20,69639,30415,69640,8383,69642,69644],{},[15,69641,68259],{},[15,69643,42503],{}," is a built-in function.",[142,69646,2039],{"id":2038},[155,69648,69649,69655,69659,69663,69667],{},[158,69650,69651],{},[36,69652,3740,69653,3673],{"href":42500},[15,69654,42503],{},[158,69656,69657],{},[36,69658,52735],{"href":51690},[158,69660,69661],{},[36,69662,2063],{"href":974},[158,69664,69665],{},[36,69666,69241],{"href":69240},[158,69668,69669],{},[36,69670,69671],{"href":69594},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2080,69673,69674],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":69676},[69677,69678,69680,69681,69682,69683,69691,69693,69701],{"id":15311,"depth":91,"text":15312},{"id":68251,"depth":91,"text":69679},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":358,"depth":91,"text":359},{"id":68520,"depth":91,"text":68521},{"id":68661,"depth":91,"text":68662},{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":69684},[69685,69687,69688,69689],{"id":68810,"depth":117,"text":69686},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25831,"depth":117,"text":25832},{"id":68990,"depth":117,"text":68991},{"id":69244,"depth":117,"text":69690},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69336,"depth":91,"text":69692},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":69694},[69695,69696,69698,69699],{"id":69606,"depth":117,"text":69607},{"id":69616,"depth":117,"text":69697},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69627,"depth":117,"text":69628},{"id":69634,"depth":117,"text":69700},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68146,"description":69702},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69708,"title":69709,"body":69710,"description":71692,"extension":2124,"meta":71693,"navigation":428,"path":71694,"seo":71695,"stem":71696,"__hash__":71697},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69711,"toc":71665},[69712,69715,69720,69723,69731,69744,69746,69811,69813,69835,69840,69844,69849,69857,69859,69869,69871,69952,69954,69984,69986,70005,70010,70027,70029,70113,70115,70145,70150,70154,70160,70244,70246,70276,70279,70283,70286,70377,70379,70417,70420,70505,70507,70537,70543,70550,70554,70559,70568,70570,70655,70657,70686,70689,70697,70701,70705,70714,70737,70739,70761,70763,70777,70779,70839,70843,70848,70887,70889,70906,70908,70918,71017,71022,71026,71031,71074,71076,71104,71106,71120,71195,71197,71219,71223,71226,71231,71242,71247,71255,71258,71329,71331,71356,71413,71415,71436,71445,71453,71458,71460,71465,71486,71489,71564,71567,71581,71588,71590,71594,71600,71604,71614,71618,71625,71629,71635,71637,71662],[10,69713,69709],{"id":69714},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69716,69717,69719],{},[15,69718,55211],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69721,69722],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[155,69724,69725,69728],{},[158,69726,69727],{},"delete an item from a list",[158,69729,69730],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69732,69733,69734,69736,69737,8866,69739,69743],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69735,12918],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69738,12918],{},[36,69740,69741],{"href":55201},[15,69742,55656],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[142,69745,2165],{"id":2164},[46,69747,69749],{"className":48,"code":69748,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69750,69751,69771,69786,69790,69801],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69752,69753,69755,69757,69759,69761,69763,69765,69767,69769],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69754,62],{"class":61},[55,69756,66],{"class":65},[55,69758,70],{"class":69},[55,69760,800],{"class":73},[55,69762,77],{"class":69},[55,69764,7951],{"class":73},[55,69766,77],{"class":69},[55,69768,7956],{"class":73},[55,69770,88],{"class":69},[55,69772,69773,69776,69778,69780,69782,69784],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,69774,69775],{"class":61},"last_item ",[55,69777,66],{"class":65},[55,69779,1260],{"class":61},[55,69781,44],{"class":69},[55,69783,26385],{"class":99},[55,69785,8804],{"class":69},[55,69787,69788],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,69789,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,69791,69792,69794,69796,69799],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,69793,121],{"class":120},[55,69795,103],{"class":69},[55,69797,69798],{"class":99},"last_item",[55,69800,114],{"class":69},[55,69802,69803,69805,69807,69809],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,69804,121],{"class":120},[55,69806,103],{"class":69},[55,69808,94],{"class":99},[55,69810,114],{"class":69},[20,69812,302],{},[46,69814,69816],{"className":48,"code":69815,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69817,69818,69823],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69819,69820],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69821,69822],{"class":73},"30\n",[55,69824,69825,69827,69829,69831,69833],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,69826,312],{"class":69},[55,69828,800],{"class":73},[55,69830,77],{"class":69},[55,69832,7951],{"class":73},[55,69834,88],{"class":69},[20,69836,31,69837,69839],{},[15,69838,12918],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[142,69841,69843],{"id":69842},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69845,69846,69848],{},[15,69847,12918],{}," has two main jobs:",[155,69850,69851,69854],{},[158,69852,69853],{},"It removes one item from a list",[158,69855,69856],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69858,43792],{},[155,69860,69861,69864,69867],{},[158,69862,69863],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[158,69865,69866],{},"It changes the original list",[158,69868,52888],{},[20,69870,230],{},[46,69872,69874],{"className":48,"code":69873,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69875,69876,69908,69912,69927,69931,69942],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69877,69878,69880,69882,69884,69886,69888,69890,69892,69894,69896,69898,69900,69902,69904,69906],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69879,372],{"class":61},[55,69881,66],{"class":65},[55,69883,70],{"class":69},[55,69885,248],{"class":247},[55,69887,381],{"class":251},[55,69889,248],{"class":247},[55,69891,77],{"class":69},[55,69893,258],{"class":247},[55,69895,399],{"class":251},[55,69897,248],{"class":247},[55,69899,77],{"class":69},[55,69901,258],{"class":247},[55,69903,390],{"class":251},[55,69905,248],{"class":247},[55,69907,88],{"class":69},[55,69909,69910],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,69911,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,69913,69914,69917,69919,69921,69923,69925],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,69915,69916],{"class":61},"removed ",[55,69918,66],{"class":65},[55,69920,421],{"class":61},[55,69922,44],{"class":69},[55,69924,26385],{"class":99},[55,69926,8804],{"class":69},[55,69928,69929],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,69930,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,69932,69933,69935,69937,69940],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,69934,121],{"class":120},[55,69936,103],{"class":69},[55,69938,69939],{"class":99},"removed",[55,69941,114],{"class":69},[55,69943,69944,69946,69948,69950],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,69945,121],{"class":120},[55,69947,103],{"class":69},[55,69949,434],{"class":99},[55,69951,114],{"class":69},[20,69953,302],{},[46,69955,69957],{"className":48,"code":69956,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69958,69959,69964],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69960,69961],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69962,69963],{"class":61},"blue\n",[55,69965,69966,69968,69970,69972,69974,69976,69978,69980,69982],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,69967,312],{"class":69},[55,69969,315],{"class":247},[55,69971,381],{"class":251},[55,69973,315],{"class":247},[55,69975,77],{"class":69},[55,69977,324],{"class":247},[55,69979,399],{"class":251},[55,69981,315],{"class":247},[55,69983,88],{"class":69},[142,69985,2319],{"id":2318},[46,69987,69989],{"className":48,"code":69988,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69990,69991],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69992,69993,69995,69997,69999,70001,70003],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69994,1899],{"class":1898},[55,69996,44],{"class":69},[55,69998,26385],{"class":99},[55,70000,3149],{"class":69},[55,70002,201],{"class":99},[55,70004,1777],{"class":69},[20,70006,568,70007,70009],{},[15,70008,201],{}," is optional.",[155,70011,70012,70018,70024],{},[158,70013,70014,70015,70017],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70016,12918],{}," removes the last item",[158,70019,70020,70021,70023],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70022,12918],{}," removes the item at that position",[158,70025,70026],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70028,230],{},[46,70030,70032],{"className":48,"code":70031,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70033,70034,70066,70070,70089,70093,70103],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70035,70036,70038,70040,70042,70044,70046,70048,70050,70052,70054,70056,70058,70060,70062,70064],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70037,240],{"class":61},[55,70039,66],{"class":65},[55,70041,70],{"class":69},[55,70043,248],{"class":247},[55,70045,36],{"class":251},[55,70047,248],{"class":247},[55,70049,77],{"class":69},[55,70051,258],{"class":247},[55,70053,285],{"class":251},[55,70055,248],{"class":247},[55,70057,77],{"class":69},[55,70059,258],{"class":247},[55,70061,261],{"class":251},[55,70063,248],{"class":247},[55,70065,88],{"class":69},[55,70067,70068],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,70069,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,70071,70072,70074,70076,70079,70081,70083,70085,70087],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,70073,28683],{"class":61},[55,70075,66],{"class":65},[55,70077,70078],{"class":61}," letters",[55,70080,44],{"class":69},[55,70082,26385],{"class":99},[55,70084,103],{"class":69},[55,70086,74],{"class":73},[55,70088,114],{"class":69},[55,70090,70091],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,70092,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,70094,70095,70097,70099,70101],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,70096,121],{"class":120},[55,70098,103],{"class":69},[55,70100,220],{"class":99},[55,70102,114],{"class":69},[55,70104,70105,70107,70109,70111],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,70106,121],{"class":120},[55,70108,103],{"class":69},[55,70110,270],{"class":99},[55,70112,114],{"class":69},[20,70114,302],{},[46,70116,70118],{"className":48,"code":70117,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70119,70120,70125],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70121,70122],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70123,70124],{"class":61},"b\n",[55,70126,70127,70129,70131,70133,70135,70137,70139,70141,70143],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,70128,312],{"class":69},[55,70130,315],{"class":247},[55,70132,36],{"class":251},[55,70134,315],{"class":247},[55,70136,77],{"class":69},[55,70138,324],{"class":247},[55,70140,261],{"class":251},[55,70142,315],{"class":247},[55,70144,88],{"class":69},[20,70146,70147,70148,44],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[36,70149,2063],{"href":974},[142,70151,70153],{"id":70152},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70155,70156,70157,70159],{},"When you call ",[15,70158,12918],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[46,70161,70163],{"className":48,"code":70162,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70164,70165,70200,70204,70219,70223,70234],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70166,70167,70169,70171,70173,70175,70178,70180,70182,70184,70187,70189,70191,70193,70196,70198],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70168,30042],{"class":61},[55,70170,66],{"class":65},[55,70172,70],{"class":69},[55,70174,248],{"class":247},[55,70176,70177],{"class":251},"write",[55,70179,248],{"class":247},[55,70181,77],{"class":69},[55,70183,258],{"class":247},[55,70185,70186],{"class":251},"test",[55,70188,248],{"class":247},[55,70190,77],{"class":69},[55,70192,258],{"class":247},[55,70194,70195],{"class":251},"submit",[55,70197,248],{"class":247},[55,70199,88],{"class":69},[55,70201,70202],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,70203,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,70205,70206,70209,70211,70213,70215,70217],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,70207,70208],{"class":61},"last_task ",[55,70210,66],{"class":65},[55,70212,30120],{"class":61},[55,70214,44],{"class":69},[55,70216,26385],{"class":99},[55,70218,8804],{"class":69},[55,70220,70221],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,70222,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,70224,70225,70227,70229,70232],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,70226,121],{"class":120},[55,70228,103],{"class":69},[55,70230,70231],{"class":99},"last_task",[55,70233,114],{"class":69},[55,70235,70236,70238,70240,70242],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,70237,121],{"class":120},[55,70239,103],{"class":69},[55,70241,36644],{"class":99},[55,70243,114],{"class":69},[20,70245,302],{},[46,70247,70249],{"className":48,"code":70248,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70250,70251,70256],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70252,70253],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70254,70255],{"class":61},"submit\n",[55,70257,70258,70260,70262,70264,70266,70268,70270,70272,70274],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,70259,312],{"class":69},[55,70261,315],{"class":247},[55,70263,70177],{"class":251},[55,70265,315],{"class":247},[55,70267,77],{"class":69},[55,70269,324],{"class":247},[55,70271,70186],{"class":251},[55,70273,315],{"class":247},[55,70275,88],{"class":69},[20,70277,70278],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[142,70280,70282],{"id":70281},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70284,70285],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[46,70287,70289],{"className":48,"code":70288,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70290,70291,70331,70335,70353,70357,70367],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70292,70293,70295,70297,70299,70301,70303,70305,70307,70309,70311,70313,70315,70317,70319,70321,70323,70325,70327,70329],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70294,36378],{"class":61},[55,70296,66],{"class":65},[55,70298,70],{"class":69},[55,70300,248],{"class":247},[55,70302,1035],{"class":251},[55,70304,248],{"class":247},[55,70306,77],{"class":69},[55,70308,258],{"class":247},[55,70310,1072],{"class":251},[55,70312,248],{"class":247},[55,70314,77],{"class":69},[55,70316,258],{"class":247},[55,70318,4259],{"class":251},[55,70320,248],{"class":247},[55,70322,77],{"class":69},[55,70324,258],{"class":247},[55,70326,1044],{"class":251},[55,70328,248],{"class":247},[55,70330,88],{"class":69},[55,70332,70333],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,70334,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,70336,70337,70339,70341,70343,70345,70347,70349,70351],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,70338,69916],{"class":61},[55,70340,66],{"class":65},[55,70342,52993],{"class":61},[55,70344,44],{"class":69},[55,70346,26385],{"class":99},[55,70348,103],{"class":69},[55,70350,74],{"class":73},[55,70352,114],{"class":69},[55,70354,70355],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,70356,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,70358,70359,70361,70363,70365],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,70360,121],{"class":120},[55,70362,103],{"class":69},[55,70364,69939],{"class":99},[55,70366,114],{"class":69},[55,70368,70369,70371,70373,70375],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,70370,121],{"class":120},[55,70372,103],{"class":69},[55,70374,36430],{"class":99},[55,70376,114],{"class":69},[20,70378,302],{},[46,70380,70382],{"className":48,"code":70381,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70383,70384,70389],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70385,70386],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70387,70388],{"class":61},"banana\n",[55,70390,70391,70393,70395,70397,70399,70401,70403,70405,70407,70409,70411,70413,70415],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,70392,312],{"class":69},[55,70394,315],{"class":247},[55,70396,1035],{"class":251},[55,70398,315],{"class":247},[55,70400,77],{"class":69},[55,70402,324],{"class":247},[55,70404,4259],{"class":251},[55,70406,315],{"class":247},[55,70408,77],{"class":69},[55,70410,324],{"class":247},[55,70412,1044],{"class":251},[55,70414,315],{"class":247},[55,70416,88],{"class":69},[20,70418,70419],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[46,70421,70423],{"className":48,"code":70422,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70424,70425,70457,70461,70481,70485,70495],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70426,70427,70429,70431,70433,70435,70437,70439,70441,70443,70445,70447,70449,70451,70453,70455],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70428,36378],{"class":61},[55,70430,66],{"class":65},[55,70432,70],{"class":69},[55,70434,248],{"class":247},[55,70436,1035],{"class":251},[55,70438,248],{"class":247},[55,70440,77],{"class":69},[55,70442,258],{"class":247},[55,70444,1072],{"class":251},[55,70446,248],{"class":247},[55,70448,77],{"class":69},[55,70450,258],{"class":247},[55,70452,4259],{"class":251},[55,70454,248],{"class":247},[55,70456,88],{"class":69},[55,70458,70459],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,70460,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,70462,70463,70465,70467,70469,70471,70473,70475,70477,70479],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,70464,69916],{"class":61},[55,70466,66],{"class":65},[55,70468,52993],{"class":61},[55,70470,44],{"class":69},[55,70472,26385],{"class":99},[55,70474,103],{"class":69},[55,70476,903],{"class":65},[55,70478,74],{"class":73},[55,70480,114],{"class":69},[55,70482,70483],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,70484,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,70486,70487,70489,70491,70493],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,70488,121],{"class":120},[55,70490,103],{"class":69},[55,70492,69939],{"class":99},[55,70494,114],{"class":69},[55,70496,70497,70499,70501,70503],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,70498,121],{"class":120},[55,70500,103],{"class":69},[55,70502,36430],{"class":99},[55,70504,114],{"class":69},[20,70506,302],{},[46,70508,70510],{"className":48,"code":70509,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70511,70512,70517],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70513,70514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70515,70516],{"class":61},"cherry\n",[55,70518,70519,70521,70523,70525,70527,70529,70531,70533,70535],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,70520,312],{"class":69},[55,70522,315],{"class":247},[55,70524,1035],{"class":251},[55,70526,315],{"class":247},[55,70528,77],{"class":69},[55,70530,324],{"class":247},[55,70532,1072],{"class":251},[55,70534,315],{"class":247},[55,70536,88],{"class":69},[20,70538,70539,70540,70542],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70541,65978],{}," means the last item.",[20,70544,70545,70546,44],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[36,70547,70548,43],{"href":59088},[15,70549,64990],{},[142,70551,70553],{"id":70552},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70555,70556,70558],{},[15,70557,12918],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70560,70561,70562,352,70564,44],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70563,12918],{},[36,70565,70566],{"href":55201},[15,70567,55656],{},[20,70569,230],{},[46,70571,70573],{"className":48,"code":70572,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70574,70575,70607,70611,70630,70634,70645],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70576,70577,70579,70581,70583,70585,70587,70589,70591,70593,70595,70597,70599,70601,70603,70605],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70578,5155],{"class":61},[55,70580,66],{"class":65},[55,70582,70],{"class":69},[55,70584,248],{"class":247},[55,70586,13036],{"class":251},[55,70588,248],{"class":247},[55,70590,77],{"class":69},[55,70592,258],{"class":247},[55,70594,36081],{"class":251},[55,70596,248],{"class":247},[55,70598,77],{"class":69},[55,70600,258],{"class":247},[55,70602,36090],{"class":251},[55,70604,248],{"class":247},[55,70606,88],{"class":69},[55,70608,70609],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,70610,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,70612,70613,70616,70618,70620,70622,70624,70626,70628],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,70614,70615],{"class":61},"removed_name ",[55,70617,66],{"class":65},[55,70619,69558],{"class":61},[55,70621,44],{"class":69},[55,70623,26385],{"class":99},[55,70625,103],{"class":69},[55,70627,227],{"class":73},[55,70629,114],{"class":69},[55,70631,70632],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,70633,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,70635,70636,70638,70640,70643],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,70637,121],{"class":120},[55,70639,103],{"class":69},[55,70641,70642],{"class":99},"removed_name",[55,70644,114],{"class":69},[55,70646,70647,70649,70651,70653],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,70648,121],{"class":120},[55,70650,103],{"class":69},[55,70652,5199],{"class":99},[55,70654,114],{"class":69},[20,70656,302],{},[46,70658,70660],{"className":48,"code":70659,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70661,70662,70666],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70663,70664],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70665,50184],{"class":61},[55,70667,70668,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682,70684],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,70669,312],{"class":69},[55,70671,315],{"class":247},[55,70673,36081],{"class":251},[55,70675,315],{"class":247},[55,70677,77],{"class":69},[55,70679,324],{"class":247},[55,70681,36090],{"class":251},[55,70683,315],{"class":247},[55,70685,88],{"class":69},[20,70687,70688],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70690,70691,70692,70694,70695,44],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70693,55656],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70696,172],{},[142,70698,70700],{"id":70699},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[577,70702,70704],{"id":70703},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70706,70707,70708,70710,70711,44],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70709,12918],{}," raises an ",[15,70712,70713],{},"IndexError",[46,70715,70717],{"className":48,"code":70716,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70718,70719,70727],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70720,70721,70723,70725],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70722,1026],{"class":61},[55,70724,66],{"class":65},[55,70726,7999],{"class":69},[55,70728,70729,70731,70733,70735],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,70730,1057],{"class":61},[55,70732,44],{"class":69},[55,70734,26385],{"class":99},[55,70736,8804],{"class":69},[20,70738,302],{},[46,70740,70742],{"className":48,"code":70741,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70743,70744],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70745,70746,70748,70750,70753,70756,70759],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70747,70713],{"class":1898},[55,70749,153],{"class":69},[55,70751,70752],{"class":61}," pop ",[55,70754,70755],{"class":4040},"from",[55,70757,70758],{"class":61}," empty ",[55,70760,50030],{"class":1898},[20,70762,39402],{},[155,70764,70765,70770],{},[158,70766,70767,70768],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70769,12918],{},[158,70771,70772,70773,352,70775],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70774,29948],{},[15,70776,29979],{},[20,70778,230],{},[46,70780,70782],{"className":48,"code":70781,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70783,70784,70792,70796,70804,70818,70824],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70785,70786,70788,70790],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70787,1026],{"class":61},[55,70789,66],{"class":65},[55,70791,7999],{"class":69},[55,70793,70794],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,70795,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,70797,70798,70800,70802],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,70799,7157],{"class":4040},[55,70801,6123],{"class":61},[55,70803,6552],{"class":69},[55,70805,70806,70808,70810,70812,70814,70816],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,70807,8230],{"class":120},[55,70809,103],{"class":69},[55,70811,1057],{"class":99},[55,70813,44],{"class":69},[55,70815,26385],{"class":99},[55,70817,7354],{"class":69},[55,70819,70820,70822],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,70821,27578],{"class":4040},[55,70823,6552],{"class":69},[55,70825,70826,70828,70830,70832,70835,70837],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,70827,8230],{"class":120},[55,70829,103],{"class":69},[55,70831,248],{"class":247},[55,70833,70834],{"class":251},"The list is empty.",[55,70836,248],{"class":247},[55,70838,114],{"class":69},[577,70840,70842],{"id":70841},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70844,70845,70846,44],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70847,70713],{},[46,70849,70851],{"className":48,"code":70850,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70852,70853,70873],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70854,70855,70857,70859,70861,70863,70865,70867,70869,70871],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70856,62],{"class":61},[55,70858,66],{"class":65},[55,70860,70],{"class":69},[55,70862,800],{"class":73},[55,70864,77],{"class":69},[55,70866,7951],{"class":73},[55,70868,77],{"class":69},[55,70870,7956],{"class":73},[55,70872,88],{"class":69},[55,70874,70875,70877,70879,70881,70883,70885],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,70876,94],{"class":61},[55,70878,44],{"class":69},[55,70880,26385],{"class":99},[55,70882,103],{"class":69},[55,70884,2297],{"class":73},[55,70886,114],{"class":69},[20,70888,302],{},[46,70890,70892],{"className":48,"code":70891,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70893,70894],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70895,70896,70898,70900,70903],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70897,70713],{"class":1898},[55,70899,153],{"class":69},[55,70901,70902],{"class":61}," pop index out of ",[55,70904,70905],{"class":120},"range\n",[20,70907,39402],{},[155,70909,70910,70915],{},[158,70911,70912,70913],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70914,42503],{},[158,70916,70917],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[46,70919,70921],{"className":48,"code":70920,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70922,70923,70943,70952,70956,70978,70996,71002],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70924,70925,70927,70929,70931,70933,70935,70937,70939,70941],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70926,62],{"class":61},[55,70928,66],{"class":65},[55,70930,70],{"class":69},[55,70932,800],{"class":73},[55,70934,77],{"class":69},[55,70936,7951],{"class":73},[55,70938,77],{"class":69},[55,70940,7956],{"class":73},[55,70942,88],{"class":69},[55,70944,70945,70948,70950],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,70946,70947],{"class":61},"index ",[55,70949,66],{"class":65},[55,70951,45732],{"class":73},[55,70953,70954],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,70955,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,70957,70958,70960,70962,70965,70968,70970,70972,70974,70976],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,70959,7157],{"class":4040},[55,70961,3997],{"class":73},[55,70963,70964],{"class":65}," \u003C=",[55,70966,70967],{"class":61}," index ",[55,70969,3454],{"class":65},[55,70971,38526],{"class":120},[55,70973,103],{"class":69},[55,70975,94],{"class":99},[55,70977,8502],{"class":69},[55,70979,70980,70982,70984,70986,70988,70990,70992,70994],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,70981,8230],{"class":120},[55,70983,103],{"class":69},[55,70985,94],{"class":99},[55,70987,44],{"class":69},[55,70989,26385],{"class":99},[55,70991,103],{"class":69},[55,70993,201],{"class":99},[55,70995,1867],{"class":69},[55,70997,70998,71000],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,70999,27578],{"class":4040},[55,71001,6552],{"class":69},[55,71003,71004,71006,71008,71010,71013,71015],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,71005,8230],{"class":120},[55,71007,103],{"class":69},[55,71009,248],{"class":247},[55,71011,71012],{"class":251},"Index is out of range.",[55,71014,248],{"class":247},[55,71016,114],{"class":69},[20,71018,71019,71020,44],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[36,71021,69241],{"href":69240},[577,71023,71025],{"id":71024},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71027,71028,71030],{},[15,71029,12918],{}," expects an integer index.",[46,71032,71034],{"className":48,"code":71033,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71035,71036,71056],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71037,71038,71040,71042,71044,71046,71048,71050,71052,71054],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71039,62],{"class":61},[55,71041,66],{"class":65},[55,71043,70],{"class":69},[55,71045,800],{"class":73},[55,71047,77],{"class":69},[55,71049,7951],{"class":73},[55,71051,77],{"class":69},[55,71053,7956],{"class":73},[55,71055,88],{"class":69},[55,71057,71058,71060,71062,71064,71066,71068,71070,71072],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,71059,94],{"class":61},[55,71061,44],{"class":69},[55,71063,26385],{"class":99},[55,71065,103],{"class":69},[55,71067,248],{"class":247},[55,71069,74],{"class":251},[55,71071,248],{"class":247},[55,71073,114],{"class":69},[20,71075,302],{},[46,71077,71079],{"className":48,"code":71078,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71080,71081],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71082,71083,71085,71087,71089,71091,71093,71095,71098,71101],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71084,3168],{"class":1898},[55,71086,153],{"class":69},[55,71088,324],{"class":247},[55,71090,3607],{"class":251},[55,71092,315],{"class":247},[55,71094,24762],{"class":1898},[55,71096,71097],{"class":61}," cannot be interpreted ",[55,71099,71100],{"class":4040},"as",[55,71102,71103],{"class":61}," an integer\n",[20,71105,39402],{},[155,71107,71108,71117],{},[158,71109,71110,71111,2352,71113,2356,71115],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71112,227],{},[15,71114,74],{},[15,71116,65978],{},[158,71118,71119],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[46,71121,71123],{"className":48,"code":71122,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71124,71125,71145,71163,71167,71185],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71126,71127,71129,71131,71133,71135,71137,71139,71141,71143],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71128,62],{"class":61},[55,71130,66],{"class":65},[55,71132,70],{"class":69},[55,71134,800],{"class":73},[55,71136,77],{"class":69},[55,71138,7951],{"class":73},[55,71140,77],{"class":69},[55,71142,7956],{"class":73},[55,71144,88],{"class":69},[55,71146,71147,71149,71151,71153,71155,71157,71159,71161],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,71148,70947],{"class":61},[55,71150,66],{"class":65},[55,71152,45419],{"class":1898},[55,71154,103],{"class":69},[55,71156,248],{"class":247},[55,71158,74],{"class":251},[55,71160,248],{"class":247},[55,71162,114],{"class":69},[55,71164,71165],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,71166,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,71168,71169,71171,71173,71175,71177,71179,71181,71183],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,71170,121],{"class":120},[55,71172,103],{"class":69},[55,71174,94],{"class":99},[55,71176,44],{"class":69},[55,71178,26385],{"class":99},[55,71180,103],{"class":69},[55,71182,201],{"class":99},[55,71184,1867],{"class":69},[55,71186,71187,71189,71191,71193],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,71188,121],{"class":120},[55,71190,103],{"class":69},[55,71192,94],{"class":99},[55,71194,114],{"class":69},[20,71196,302],{},[46,71198,71200],{"className":48,"code":71199,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71201,71202,71207],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71203,71204],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71205,71206],{"class":73},"20\n",[55,71208,71209,71211,71213,71215,71217],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,71210,312],{"class":69},[55,71212,800],{"class":73},[55,71214,77],{"class":69},[55,71216,7956],{"class":73},[55,71218,88],{"class":69},[142,71220,71222],{"id":71221},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71224,71225],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[577,71227,31,71229,993],{"id":71228},"use-pop-when",[15,71230,12918],{},[155,71232,71233,71236,71239],{},[158,71234,71235],{},"you want to remove by index",[158,71237,71238],{},"you want the removed item returned",[158,71240,71241],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[577,71243,31,71245,993],{"id":71244},"use-remove-when",[15,71246,55656],{},[155,71248,71249,71252],{},[158,71250,71251],{},"you want to remove by value",[158,71253,71254],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71256,71257],{},"Compare these examples:",[46,71259,71261],{"className":48,"code":71260,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71262,71263,71287,71291,71309,71319],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71264,71265,71267,71269,71271,71273,71275,71277,71279,71281,71283,71285],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71266,62],{"class":61},[55,71268,66],{"class":65},[55,71270,70],{"class":69},[55,71272,800],{"class":73},[55,71274,77],{"class":69},[55,71276,7951],{"class":73},[55,71278,77],{"class":69},[55,71280,7956],{"class":73},[55,71282,77],{"class":69},[55,71284,7951],{"class":73},[55,71286,88],{"class":69},[55,71288,71289],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,71290,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,71292,71293,71295,71297,71299,71301,71303,71305,71307],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,71294,69916],{"class":61},[55,71296,66],{"class":65},[55,71298,1260],{"class":61},[55,71300,44],{"class":69},[55,71302,26385],{"class":99},[55,71304,103],{"class":69},[55,71306,74],{"class":73},[55,71308,114],{"class":69},[55,71310,71311,71313,71315,71317],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,71312,121],{"class":120},[55,71314,103],{"class":69},[55,71316,69939],{"class":99},[55,71318,114],{"class":69},[55,71320,71321,71323,71325,71327],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,71322,121],{"class":120},[55,71324,103],{"class":69},[55,71326,94],{"class":99},[55,71328,114],{"class":69},[20,71330,302],{},[46,71332,71334],{"className":48,"code":71333,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71335,71336,71340],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71337,71338],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71339,71206],{"class":73},[55,71341,71342,71344,71346,71348,71350,71352,71354],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,71343,312],{"class":69},[55,71345,800],{"class":73},[55,71347,77],{"class":69},[55,71349,7956],{"class":73},[55,71351,77],{"class":69},[55,71353,7951],{"class":73},[55,71355,88],{"class":69},[46,71357,71359],{"className":48,"code":71358,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71360,71361,71385,71389,71403],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71362,71363,71365,71367,71369,71371,71373,71375,71377,71379,71381,71383],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71364,62],{"class":61},[55,71366,66],{"class":65},[55,71368,70],{"class":69},[55,71370,800],{"class":73},[55,71372,77],{"class":69},[55,71374,7951],{"class":73},[55,71376,77],{"class":69},[55,71378,7956],{"class":73},[55,71380,77],{"class":69},[55,71382,7951],{"class":73},[55,71384,88],{"class":69},[55,71386,71387],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,71388,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,71390,71391,71393,71395,71397,71399,71401],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,71392,94],{"class":61},[55,71394,44],{"class":69},[55,71396,34936],{"class":99},[55,71398,103],{"class":69},[55,71400,15904],{"class":73},[55,71402,114],{"class":69},[55,71404,71405,71407,71409,71411],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,71406,121],{"class":120},[55,71408,103],{"class":69},[55,71410,94],{"class":99},[55,71412,114],{"class":69},[20,71414,302],{},[46,71416,71418],{"className":48,"code":71417,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71419,71420],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71421,71422,71424,71426,71428,71430,71432,71434],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71423,312],{"class":69},[55,71425,800],{"class":73},[55,71427,77],{"class":69},[55,71429,7956],{"class":73},[55,71431,77],{"class":69},[55,71433,7951],{"class":73},[55,71435,88],{"class":69},[20,71437,71438,71439,71442,71443,44],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71440,71441],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71444,74],{},[20,71446,56731,71447,71450,71451,44],{},[15,71448,71449],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71452,15904],{},[20,71454,71455,71456,44],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[36,71457,55197],{"href":55196},[142,71459,2992],{"id":2991},[20,71461,71462,71463,153],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71464,12918],{},[155,71466,71467,71470,71473,71479,71483],{},[158,71468,71469],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[158,71471,71472],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[158,71474,37343,71475,8866,71477],{},[15,71476,12918],{},[15,71478,55656],{},[158,71480,1553,71481,62096],{},[15,71482,12918],{},[158,71484,71485],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71487,71488],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[46,71490,71492],{"className":48,"code":71491,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71493,71494,71504,71518,71532,71550],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71495,71496,71498,71500,71502],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71497,121],{"class":120},[55,71499,103],{"class":69},[55,71501,192],{"class":99},[55,71503,114],{"class":69},[55,71505,71506,71508,71510,71512,71514,71516],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,71507,121],{"class":120},[55,71509,103],{"class":69},[55,71511,1860],{"class":120},[55,71513,103],{"class":69},[55,71515,192],{"class":99},[55,71517,1867],{"class":69},[55,71519,71520,71522,71524,71526,71528,71530],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,71521,121],{"class":120},[55,71523,103],{"class":69},[55,71525,192],{"class":99},[55,71527,44],{"class":69},[55,71529,26385],{"class":99},[55,71531,7354],{"class":69},[55,71533,71534,71536,71538,71540,71542,71544,71546,71548],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,71535,121],{"class":120},[55,71537,103],{"class":69},[55,71539,192],{"class":99},[55,71541,44],{"class":69},[55,71543,26385],{"class":99},[55,71545,103],{"class":69},[55,71547,227],{"class":73},[55,71549,1867],{"class":69},[55,71551,71552,71554,71556,71558,71560,71562],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,71553,121],{"class":120},[55,71555,103],{"class":69},[55,71557,1910],{"class":1898},[55,71559,103],{"class":69},[55,71561,201],{"class":99},[55,71563,1867],{"class":69},[20,71565,71566],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[155,71568,71569,71575],{},[158,71570,71571,71574],{},[15,71572,71573],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[158,71576,71577,71580],{},[15,71578,71579],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71582,71583,71584,71587],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71585,71586],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[142,71589,1986],{"id":1985},[577,71591,71593],{"id":71592},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71595,71596,71597,71599],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71598,12918],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[577,71601,71603],{"id":71602},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71605,71606,71608,71609,71611,71612,44],{},[15,71607,12918],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71610,55656],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71613,172],{},[577,71615,71617],{"id":71616},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71619,71620,71621,71624],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71622,71623],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[577,71626,71628],{"id":71627},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71630,71631,71632,71634],{},"Python raises ",[15,71633,70713],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[142,71636,2039],{"id":2038},[155,71638,71639,71643,71648,71653,71658],{},[158,71640,71641],{},[36,71642,55643],{"href":55196},[158,71644,71645],{},[36,71646,71647],{"href":55201},"Python list remove() method",[158,71649,71650],{},[36,71651,71652],{"href":59088},"Python list index() method",[158,71654,71655],{},[36,71656,71657],{"href":974},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[158,71659,71660],{},[36,71661,69241],{"href":69240},[2080,71663,71664],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":71666},[71667,71668,71669,71670,71671,71672,71673,71678,71684,71685,71691],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":69842,"depth":91,"text":69843},{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":70152,"depth":91,"text":70153},{"id":70281,"depth":91,"text":70282},{"id":70552,"depth":91,"text":70553},{"id":70699,"depth":91,"text":70700,"children":71674},[71675,71676,71677],{"id":70703,"depth":117,"text":70704},{"id":70841,"depth":117,"text":70842},{"id":71024,"depth":117,"text":71025},{"id":71221,"depth":91,"text":71222,"children":71679},[71680,71682],{"id":71228,"depth":117,"text":71681},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71244,"depth":117,"text":71683},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":71686},[71687,71688,71689,71690],{"id":71592,"depth":117,"text":71593},{"id":71602,"depth":117,"text":71603},{"id":71616,"depth":117,"text":71617},{"id":71627,"depth":117,"text":71628},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69709,"description":71692},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71699,"title":71700,"body":71701,"description":73487,"extension":2124,"meta":73488,"navigation":428,"path":73489,"seo":73490,"stem":73491,"__hash__":73492},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71702,"toc":73469},[71703,71706,71711,71717,71719,71789,71795,71799,71804,71825,71828,71895,71897,71918,71926,71928,71947,71963,71965,72030,72032,72057,72059,72061,72126,72128,72153,72155,72169,72172,72225,72227,72248,72252,72260,72333,72335,72368,72374,72380,72471,72473,72498,72504,72593,72595,72619,72621,72625,72680,72682,72714,72717,72720,72814,72816,72849,72855,72861,72865,72872,72898,72902,72967,72969,72994,72998,73079,73081,73110,73115,73120,73126,73130,73137,73159,73163,73222,73224,73248,73257,73262,73264,73268,73297,73299,73374,73377,73391,73397,73399,73403,73406,73410,73415,73419,73428,73432,73440,73442,73466],[10,71704,71700],{"id":71705},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71707,568,71708,71710],{},[15,71709,55204],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71712,71713,71714,71716],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[1966,71715,2633],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[142,71718,2165],{"id":2164},[46,71720,71722],{"className":48,"code":71721,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71723,71724,71756,71774,71784],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71725,71726,71728,71730,71732,71734,71736,71738,71740,71742,71744,71746,71748,71750,71752,71754],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71727,1026],{"class":61},[55,71729,66],{"class":65},[55,71731,70],{"class":69},[55,71733,248],{"class":247},[55,71735,1035],{"class":251},[55,71737,248],{"class":247},[55,71739,77],{"class":69},[55,71741,258],{"class":247},[55,71743,1072],{"class":251},[55,71745,248],{"class":247},[55,71747,77],{"class":69},[55,71749,258],{"class":247},[55,71751,1044],{"class":251},[55,71753,248],{"class":247},[55,71755,88],{"class":69},[55,71757,71758,71760,71762,71764,71766,71768,71770,71772],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,71759,1057],{"class":61},[55,71761,44],{"class":69},[55,71763,34936],{"class":99},[55,71765,103],{"class":69},[55,71767,248],{"class":247},[55,71769,1072],{"class":251},[55,71771,248],{"class":247},[55,71773,114],{"class":69},[55,71775,71776,71778,71780,71782],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,71777,121],{"class":120},[55,71779,103],{"class":69},[55,71781,1057],{"class":99},[55,71783,114],{"class":69},[55,71785,71786],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,71787,71788],{"class":133},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71790,31,71791,71794],{},[15,71792,71793],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[142,71796,71798],{"id":71797},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71800,71801,71803],{},[15,71802,55656],{}," is a list method that:",[155,71805,71806,71812,71817,71822],{},[158,71807,71808,71809,71811],{},"Deletes the ",[1966,71810,30053],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[158,71813,71814,71815],{},"Changes the original list ",[1966,71816,11493],{},[158,71818,1990,71819,71821],{},[1966,71820,1968],{}," return a new list",[158,71823,71824],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71826,71827],{},"This is important for beginners:",[46,71829,71831],{"className":48,"code":71830,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71832,71833,71853,71871,71875,71885],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71834,71835,71837,71839,71841,71843,71845,71847,71849,71851],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71836,62],{"class":61},[55,71838,66],{"class":65},[55,71840,70],{"class":69},[55,71842,74],{"class":73},[55,71844,77],{"class":69},[55,71846,80],{"class":73},[55,71848,77],{"class":69},[55,71850,111],{"class":73},[55,71852,88],{"class":69},[55,71854,71855,71857,71859,71861,71863,71865,71867,71869],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,71856,1255],{"class":61},[55,71858,66],{"class":65},[55,71860,1260],{"class":61},[55,71862,44],{"class":69},[55,71864,34936],{"class":99},[55,71866,103],{"class":69},[55,71868,106],{"class":73},[55,71870,114],{"class":69},[55,71872,71873],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,71874,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,71876,71877,71879,71881,71883],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,71878,121],{"class":120},[55,71880,103],{"class":69},[55,71882,94],{"class":99},[55,71884,114],{"class":69},[55,71886,71887,71889,71891,71893],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,71888,121],{"class":120},[55,71890,103],{"class":69},[55,71892,1288],{"class":99},[55,71894,114],{"class":69},[20,71896,302],{},[46,71898,71900],{"className":48,"code":71899,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71901,71902,71914],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71903,71904,71906,71908,71910,71912],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71905,312],{"class":69},[55,71907,74],{"class":73},[55,71909,77],{"class":69},[55,71911,111],{"class":73},[55,71913,88],{"class":69},[55,71915,71916],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,71917,1313],{"class":1312},[20,71919,71920,71921,71923,71924,44],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71922,55656],{}," itself returned ",[15,71925,172],{},[142,71927,182],{"id":181},[46,71929,71931],{"className":48,"code":71930,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71932,71933],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71934,71935,71937,71939,71941,71943,71945],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71936,1899],{"class":1898},[55,71938,44],{"class":69},[55,71940,34936],{"class":99},[55,71942,103],{"class":69},[55,71944,2633],{"class":99},[55,71946,114],{"class":69},[155,71948,71949,71954,71957],{},[158,71950,71951,71953],{},[15,71952,2633],{}," is the item you want to delete",[158,71955,71956],{},"Python searches from left to right",[158,71958,71959,71960,71962],{},"Only the ",[1966,71961,30053],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71964,230],{},[46,71966,71968],{"className":48,"code":71967,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71969,71970,72002,72020],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71971,71972,71974,71976,71978,71980,71982,71984,71986,71988,71990,71992,71994,71996,71998,72000],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71973,240],{"class":61},[55,71975,66],{"class":65},[55,71977,70],{"class":69},[55,71979,248],{"class":247},[55,71981,36],{"class":251},[55,71983,248],{"class":247},[55,71985,77],{"class":69},[55,71987,258],{"class":247},[55,71989,285],{"class":251},[55,71991,248],{"class":247},[55,71993,77],{"class":69},[55,71995,258],{"class":247},[55,71997,261],{"class":251},[55,71999,248],{"class":247},[55,72001,88],{"class":69},[55,72003,72004,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014,72016,72018],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,72005,270],{"class":61},[55,72007,44],{"class":69},[55,72009,34936],{"class":99},[55,72011,103],{"class":69},[55,72013,248],{"class":247},[55,72015,285],{"class":251},[55,72017,248],{"class":247},[55,72019,114],{"class":69},[55,72021,72022,72024,72026,72028],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,72023,121],{"class":120},[55,72025,103],{"class":69},[55,72027,270],{"class":99},[55,72029,114],{"class":69},[20,72031,302],{},[46,72033,72035],{"className":48,"code":72034,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72036,72037],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72038,72039,72041,72043,72045,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72040,312],{"class":69},[55,72042,315],{"class":247},[55,72044,36],{"class":251},[55,72046,315],{"class":247},[55,72048,77],{"class":69},[55,72050,324],{"class":247},[55,72052,261],{"class":251},[55,72054,315],{"class":247},[55,72056,88],{"class":69},[142,72058,359],{"id":358},[20,72060,65299],{},[46,72062,72064],{"className":48,"code":72063,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72065,72066,72098,72116],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72067,72068,72070,72072,72074,72076,72078,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092,72094,72096],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72069,372],{"class":61},[55,72071,66],{"class":65},[55,72073,70],{"class":69},[55,72075,248],{"class":247},[55,72077,381],{"class":251},[55,72079,248],{"class":247},[55,72081,77],{"class":69},[55,72083,258],{"class":247},[55,72085,390],{"class":251},[55,72087,248],{"class":247},[55,72089,77],{"class":69},[55,72091,258],{"class":247},[55,72093,399],{"class":251},[55,72095,248],{"class":247},[55,72097,88],{"class":69},[55,72099,72100,72102,72104,72106,72108,72110,72112,72114],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,72101,434],{"class":61},[55,72103,44],{"class":69},[55,72105,34936],{"class":99},[55,72107,103],{"class":69},[55,72109,248],{"class":247},[55,72111,390],{"class":251},[55,72113,248],{"class":247},[55,72115,114],{"class":69},[55,72117,72118,72120,72122,72124],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,72119,121],{"class":120},[55,72121,103],{"class":69},[55,72123,434],{"class":99},[55,72125,114],{"class":69},[20,72127,302],{},[46,72129,72131],{"className":48,"code":72130,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72132,72133],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72134,72135,72137,72139,72141,72143,72145,72147,72149,72151],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72136,312],{"class":69},[55,72138,315],{"class":247},[55,72140,381],{"class":251},[55,72142,315],{"class":247},[55,72144,77],{"class":69},[55,72146,324],{"class":247},[55,72148,399],{"class":251},[55,72150,315],{"class":247},[55,72152,88],{"class":69},[20,72154,11840],{},[155,72156,72157,72160,72166],{},[158,72158,72159],{},"A list is created with three values",[158,72161,72162,72165],{},[15,72163,72164],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[158,72167,72168],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72170,72171],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[46,72173,72175],{"className":48,"code":72174,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72176,72177,72201,72215],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72178,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72180,5224],{"class":61},[55,72182,66],{"class":65},[55,72184,70],{"class":69},[55,72186,800],{"class":73},[55,72188,77],{"class":69},[55,72190,7951],{"class":73},[55,72192,77],{"class":69},[55,72194,7956],{"class":73},[55,72196,77],{"class":69},[55,72198,50988],{"class":73},[55,72200,88],{"class":69},[55,72202,72203,72205,72207,72209,72211,72213],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,72204,16539],{"class":61},[55,72206,44],{"class":69},[55,72208,34936],{"class":99},[55,72210,103],{"class":69},[55,72212,36980],{"class":73},[55,72214,114],{"class":69},[55,72216,72217,72219,72221,72223],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,72218,121],{"class":120},[55,72220,103],{"class":69},[55,72222,16539],{"class":99},[55,72224,114],{"class":69},[20,72226,302],{},[46,72228,72230],{"className":48,"code":72229,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72231,72232],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72233,72234,72236,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72235,312],{"class":69},[55,72237,800],{"class":73},[55,72239,77],{"class":69},[55,72241,7951],{"class":73},[55,72243,77],{"class":69},[55,72245,50988],{"class":73},[55,72247,88],{"class":69},[142,72249,72251],{"id":72250},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72253,65289,72254,72256,72257,72259],{},[15,72255,55656],{}," deletes only the ",[1966,72258,30053],{}," one.",[46,72261,72263],{"className":48,"code":72262,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72264,72265,72305,72323],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72266,72267,72269,72271,72273,72275,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285,72287,72289,72291,72293,72295,72297,72299,72301,72303],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72268,1026],{"class":61},[55,72270,66],{"class":65},[55,72272,70],{"class":69},[55,72274,248],{"class":247},[55,72276,1035],{"class":251},[55,72278,248],{"class":247},[55,72280,77],{"class":69},[55,72282,258],{"class":247},[55,72284,1072],{"class":251},[55,72286,248],{"class":247},[55,72288,77],{"class":69},[55,72290,258],{"class":247},[55,72292,1035],{"class":251},[55,72294,248],{"class":247},[55,72296,77],{"class":69},[55,72298,258],{"class":247},[55,72300,1044],{"class":251},[55,72302,248],{"class":247},[55,72304,88],{"class":69},[55,72306,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,72308,1057],{"class":61},[55,72310,44],{"class":69},[55,72312,34936],{"class":99},[55,72314,103],{"class":69},[55,72316,248],{"class":247},[55,72318,1035],{"class":251},[55,72320,248],{"class":247},[55,72322,114],{"class":69},[55,72324,72325,72327,72329,72331],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,72326,121],{"class":120},[55,72328,103],{"class":69},[55,72330,1057],{"class":99},[55,72332,114],{"class":69},[20,72334,302],{},[46,72336,72338],{"className":48,"code":72337,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72339,72340],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72341,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72343,312],{"class":69},[55,72345,315],{"class":247},[55,72347,1072],{"class":251},[55,72349,315],{"class":247},[55,72351,77],{"class":69},[55,72353,324],{"class":247},[55,72355,1035],{"class":251},[55,72357,315],{"class":247},[55,72359,77],{"class":69},[55,72361,324],{"class":247},[55,72363,1044],{"class":251},[55,72365,315],{"class":247},[55,72367,88],{"class":69},[20,72369,72370,72371,72373],{},"Only the first ",[15,72372,57956],{}," was removed.",[20,72375,72376,72377,72379],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72378,55656],{}," again:",[46,72381,72383],{"className":48,"code":72382,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72384,72385,72425,72443,72461],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72386,72387,72389,72391,72393,72395,72397,72399,72401,72403,72405,72407,72409,72411,72413,72415,72417,72419,72421,72423],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72388,1026],{"class":61},[55,72390,66],{"class":65},[55,72392,70],{"class":69},[55,72394,248],{"class":247},[55,72396,1035],{"class":251},[55,72398,248],{"class":247},[55,72400,77],{"class":69},[55,72402,258],{"class":247},[55,72404,1072],{"class":251},[55,72406,248],{"class":247},[55,72408,77],{"class":69},[55,72410,258],{"class":247},[55,72412,1035],{"class":251},[55,72414,248],{"class":247},[55,72416,77],{"class":69},[55,72418,258],{"class":247},[55,72420,1044],{"class":251},[55,72422,248],{"class":247},[55,72424,88],{"class":69},[55,72426,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,72428,1057],{"class":61},[55,72430,44],{"class":69},[55,72432,34936],{"class":99},[55,72434,103],{"class":69},[55,72436,248],{"class":247},[55,72438,1035],{"class":251},[55,72440,248],{"class":247},[55,72442,114],{"class":69},[55,72444,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457,72459],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,72446,1057],{"class":61},[55,72448,44],{"class":69},[55,72450,34936],{"class":99},[55,72452,103],{"class":69},[55,72454,248],{"class":247},[55,72456,1035],{"class":251},[55,72458,248],{"class":247},[55,72460,114],{"class":69},[55,72462,72463,72465,72467,72469],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,72464,121],{"class":120},[55,72466,103],{"class":69},[55,72468,1057],{"class":99},[55,72470,114],{"class":69},[20,72472,302],{},[46,72474,72476],{"className":48,"code":72475,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72477,72478],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72479,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72481,312],{"class":69},[55,72483,315],{"class":247},[55,72485,1072],{"class":251},[55,72487,315],{"class":247},[55,72489,77],{"class":69},[55,72491,324],{"class":247},[55,72493,1044],{"class":251},[55,72495,315],{"class":247},[55,72497,88],{"class":69},[20,72499,72500,72501,72503],{},"If you need to remove ",[1966,72502,3879],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[46,72505,72507],{"className":48,"code":72506,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72508,72509,72549,72583],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72510,72511,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539,72541,72543,72545,72547],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72512,1026],{"class":61},[55,72514,66],{"class":65},[55,72516,70],{"class":69},[55,72518,248],{"class":247},[55,72520,1035],{"class":251},[55,72522,248],{"class":247},[55,72524,77],{"class":69},[55,72526,258],{"class":247},[55,72528,1072],{"class":251},[55,72530,248],{"class":247},[55,72532,77],{"class":69},[55,72534,258],{"class":247},[55,72536,1035],{"class":251},[55,72538,248],{"class":247},[55,72540,77],{"class":69},[55,72542,258],{"class":247},[55,72544,1044],{"class":251},[55,72546,248],{"class":247},[55,72548,88],{"class":69},[55,72550,72551,72553,72555,72557,72559,72561,72563,72565,72568,72570,72572,72575,72577,72579,72581],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,72552,1026],{"class":61},[55,72554,66],{"class":65},[55,72556,70],{"class":69},[55,72558,28683],{"class":61},[55,72560,6115],{"class":4040},[55,72562,6118],{"class":61},[55,72564,4047],{"class":4040},[55,72566,72567],{"class":61}," items ",[55,72569,7157],{"class":4040},[55,72571,6118],{"class":61},[55,72573,72574],{"class":65},"!=",[55,72576,258],{"class":247},[55,72578,1035],{"class":251},[55,72580,248],{"class":247},[55,72582,88],{"class":69},[55,72584,72585,72587,72589,72591],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,72586,121],{"class":120},[55,72588,103],{"class":69},[55,72590,1057],{"class":99},[55,72592,114],{"class":69},[20,72594,302],{},[46,72596,72597],{"className":48,"code":72475,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,72598,72599],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72600,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72602,312],{"class":69},[55,72604,315],{"class":247},[55,72606,1072],{"class":251},[55,72608,315],{"class":247},[55,72610,77],{"class":69},[55,72612,324],{"class":247},[55,72614,1044],{"class":251},[55,72616,315],{"class":247},[55,72618,88],{"class":69},[142,72620,65754],{"id":65753},[20,72622,65757,72623,44],{},[15,72624,40845],{},[46,72626,72628],{"className":48,"code":72627,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72629,72630,72662],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72631,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652,72654,72656,72658,72660],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72633,1026],{"class":61},[55,72635,66],{"class":65},[55,72637,70],{"class":69},[55,72639,248],{"class":247},[55,72641,1035],{"class":251},[55,72643,248],{"class":247},[55,72645,77],{"class":69},[55,72647,258],{"class":247},[55,72649,1072],{"class":251},[55,72651,248],{"class":247},[55,72653,77],{"class":69},[55,72655,258],{"class":247},[55,72657,1044],{"class":251},[55,72659,248],{"class":247},[55,72661,88],{"class":69},[55,72663,72664,72666,72668,72670,72672,72674,72676,72678],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,72665,1057],{"class":61},[55,72667,44],{"class":69},[55,72669,34936],{"class":99},[55,72671,103],{"class":69},[55,72673,248],{"class":247},[55,72675,1107],{"class":251},[55,72677,248],{"class":247},[55,72679,114],{"class":69},[20,72681,302],{},[46,72683,72685],{"className":48,"code":72684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72686,72687],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72688,72689,72691,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703,72705,72707,72709,72711],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72690,40845],{"class":1898},[55,72692,153],{"class":69},[55,72694,22705],{"class":1898},[55,72696,44],{"class":69},[55,72698,34936],{"class":99},[55,72700,103],{"class":69},[55,72702,2336],{"class":99},[55,72704,16602],{"class":69},[55,72706,4044],{"class":61},[55,72708,1968],{"class":65},[55,72710,21320],{"class":65},[55,72712,72713],{"class":1898}," list\n",[20,72715,72716],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72718,72719],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[46,72721,72723],{"className":48,"code":72722,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72724,72725,72757,72769,72773,72785,72800,72804],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72726,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737,72739,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751,72753,72755],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72728,1026],{"class":61},[55,72730,66],{"class":65},[55,72732,70],{"class":69},[55,72734,248],{"class":247},[55,72736,1035],{"class":251},[55,72738,248],{"class":247},[55,72740,77],{"class":69},[55,72742,258],{"class":247},[55,72744,1072],{"class":251},[55,72746,248],{"class":247},[55,72748,77],{"class":69},[55,72750,258],{"class":247},[55,72752,1044],{"class":251},[55,72754,248],{"class":247},[55,72756,88],{"class":69},[55,72758,72759,72761,72763,72765,72767],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,72760,2608],{"class":61},[55,72762,66],{"class":65},[55,72764,258],{"class":247},[55,72766,1107],{"class":251},[55,72768,3522],{"class":247},[55,72770,72771],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,72772,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,72774,72775,72777,72779,72781,72783],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,72776,7157],{"class":4040},[55,72778,21731],{"class":61},[55,72780,4047],{"class":65},[55,72782,6123],{"class":61},[55,72784,6552],{"class":69},[55,72786,72787,72790,72792,72794,72796,72798],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,72788,72789],{"class":61},"    items",[55,72791,44],{"class":69},[55,72793,34936],{"class":99},[55,72795,103],{"class":69},[55,72797,2633],{"class":99},[55,72799,114],{"class":69},[55,72801,72802],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,72803,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,72805,72806,72808,72810,72812],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,72807,121],{"class":120},[55,72809,103],{"class":69},[55,72811,1057],{"class":99},[55,72813,114],{"class":69},[20,72815,302],{},[46,72817,72819],{"className":48,"code":72818,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72820,72821],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72822,72823,72825,72827,72829,72831,72833,72835,72837,72839,72841,72843,72845,72847],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72824,312],{"class":69},[55,72826,315],{"class":247},[55,72828,1035],{"class":251},[55,72830,315],{"class":247},[55,72832,77],{"class":69},[55,72834,324],{"class":247},[55,72836,1072],{"class":251},[55,72838,315],{"class":247},[55,72840,77],{"class":69},[55,72842,324],{"class":247},[55,72844,1044],{"class":251},[55,72846,315],{"class":247},[55,72848,88],{"class":69},[20,72850,72851,72852,72854],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72853,55656],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72856,72857,72858,44],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[36,72859,65963],{"href":72860},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[142,72862,72864],{"id":72863},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72866,72867,352,72869,72871],{},[15,72868,55656],{},[15,72870,12918],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[155,72873,72874,72881,72887,72893],{},[158,72875,72876,72878,72879],{},[15,72877,55656],{}," deletes by ",[1966,72880,2633],{},[158,72882,72883,72878,72885],{},[15,72884,12918],{},[1966,72886,201],{},[158,72888,72889,2558,72891],{},[15,72890,55656],{},[15,72892,172],{},[158,72894,72895,72897],{},[15,72896,12918],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72899,46183,72900,153],{},[15,72901,55656],{},[46,72903,72905],{"className":48,"code":72904,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72906,72907,72939,72957],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72908,72909,72911,72913,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935,72937],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72910,1026],{"class":61},[55,72912,66],{"class":65},[55,72914,70],{"class":69},[55,72916,248],{"class":247},[55,72918,1035],{"class":251},[55,72920,248],{"class":247},[55,72922,77],{"class":69},[55,72924,258],{"class":247},[55,72926,1072],{"class":251},[55,72928,248],{"class":247},[55,72930,77],{"class":69},[55,72932,258],{"class":247},[55,72934,1044],{"class":251},[55,72936,248],{"class":247},[55,72938,88],{"class":69},[55,72940,72941,72943,72945,72947,72949,72951,72953,72955],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,72942,1057],{"class":61},[55,72944,44],{"class":69},[55,72946,34936],{"class":99},[55,72948,103],{"class":69},[55,72950,248],{"class":247},[55,72952,1072],{"class":251},[55,72954,248],{"class":247},[55,72956,114],{"class":69},[55,72958,72959,72961,72963,72965],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,72960,121],{"class":120},[55,72962,103],{"class":69},[55,72964,1057],{"class":99},[55,72966,114],{"class":69},[20,72968,302],{},[46,72970,72972],{"className":48,"code":72971,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72973,72974],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72975,72976,72978,72980,72982,72984,72986,72988,72990,72992],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72977,312],{"class":69},[55,72979,315],{"class":247},[55,72981,1035],{"class":251},[55,72983,315],{"class":247},[55,72985,77],{"class":69},[55,72987,324],{"class":247},[55,72989,1044],{"class":251},[55,72991,315],{"class":247},[55,72993,88],{"class":69},[20,72995,46183,72996,153],{},[15,72997,12918],{},[46,72999,73001],{"className":48,"code":73000,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73002,73003,73035,73054,73058,73068],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73004,73005,73007,73009,73011,73013,73015,73017,73019,73021,73023,73025,73027,73029,73031,73033],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73006,1026],{"class":61},[55,73008,66],{"class":65},[55,73010,70],{"class":69},[55,73012,248],{"class":247},[55,73014,1035],{"class":251},[55,73016,248],{"class":247},[55,73018,77],{"class":69},[55,73020,258],{"class":247},[55,73022,1072],{"class":251},[55,73024,248],{"class":247},[55,73026,77],{"class":69},[55,73028,258],{"class":247},[55,73030,1044],{"class":251},[55,73032,248],{"class":247},[55,73034,88],{"class":69},[55,73036,73037,73040,73042,73044,73046,73048,73050,73052],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,73038,73039],{"class":61},"removed_item ",[55,73041,66],{"class":65},[55,73043,6123],{"class":61},[55,73045,44],{"class":69},[55,73047,26385],{"class":99},[55,73049,103],{"class":69},[55,73051,74],{"class":73},[55,73053,114],{"class":69},[55,73055,73056],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,73057,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,73059,73060,73062,73064,73066],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,73061,121],{"class":120},[55,73063,103],{"class":69},[55,73065,1057],{"class":99},[55,73067,114],{"class":69},[55,73069,73070,73072,73074,73077],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,73071,121],{"class":120},[55,73073,103],{"class":69},[55,73075,73076],{"class":99},"removed_item",[55,73078,114],{"class":69},[20,73080,302],{},[46,73082,73084],{"className":48,"code":73083,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73085,73086,73106],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73087,73088,73090,73092,73094,73096,73098,73100,73102,73104],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73089,312],{"class":69},[55,73091,315],{"class":247},[55,73093,1035],{"class":251},[55,73095,315],{"class":247},[55,73097,77],{"class":69},[55,73099,324],{"class":247},[55,73101,1044],{"class":251},[55,73103,315],{"class":247},[55,73105,88],{"class":69},[55,73107,73108],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,73109,70388],{"class":61},[20,73111,31,73112,73114],{},[15,73113,55656],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73116,31,73117,73119],{},[15,73118,12918],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73121,73122,73123,44],{},"For more detail, see the ",[36,73124,73125],{"href":55208},"Python list pop() method",[142,73127,73129],{"id":73128},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73131,73132,352,73134,73136],{},[15,73133,55656],{},[15,73135,27169],{}," are also different.",[155,73138,73139,73144,73149,73154],{},[158,73140,73141,73143],{},[15,73142,55656],{}," deletes by matching value",[158,73145,73146,73148],{},[15,73147,27169],{}," deletes by index or slice",[158,73150,31,73151,73153],{},[15,73152,27169],{}," when you know the position",[158,73155,31,73156,73158],{},[15,73157,55656],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73160,46183,73161,153],{},[15,73162,27169],{},[46,73164,73166],{"className":48,"code":73165,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73167,73168,73200,73212],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73169,73170,73172,73174,73176,73178,73180,73182,73184,73186,73188,73190,73192,73194,73196,73198],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73171,1026],{"class":61},[55,73173,66],{"class":65},[55,73175,70],{"class":69},[55,73177,248],{"class":247},[55,73179,1035],{"class":251},[55,73181,248],{"class":247},[55,73183,77],{"class":69},[55,73185,258],{"class":247},[55,73187,1072],{"class":251},[55,73189,248],{"class":247},[55,73191,77],{"class":69},[55,73193,258],{"class":247},[55,73195,1044],{"class":251},[55,73197,248],{"class":247},[55,73199,88],{"class":69},[55,73201,73202,73204,73206,73208,73210],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,73203,27169],{"class":4040},[55,73205,6123],{"class":61},[55,73207,312],{"class":69},[55,73209,74],{"class":73},[55,73211,88],{"class":69},[55,73213,73214,73216,73218,73220],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,73215,121],{"class":120},[55,73217,103],{"class":69},[55,73219,1057],{"class":99},[55,73221,114],{"class":69},[20,73223,302],{},[46,73225,73226],{"className":48,"code":72971,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,73227,73228],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73229,73230,73232,73234,73236,73238,73240,73242,73244,73246],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73231,312],{"class":69},[55,73233,315],{"class":247},[55,73235,1035],{"class":251},[55,73237,315],{"class":247},[55,73239,77],{"class":69},[55,73241,324],{"class":247},[55,73243,1044],{"class":251},[55,73245,315],{"class":247},[55,73247,88],{"class":69},[20,73249,73250,73251,73253,73254,73256],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73252,74],{},", not the value ",[15,73255,65399],{}," directly.",[20,73258,73259,73260,44],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[36,73261,55197],{"href":55196},[142,73263,2992],{"id":2991},[20,73265,21358,73266,153],{},[15,73267,55656],{},[155,73269,73270,73273,73278,73285,73294],{},[158,73271,73272],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[158,73274,1553,73275,73277],{},[15,73276,55656],{}," to delete all matching values",[158,73279,1220,73280,73282,73283],{},[15,73281,55656],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73284,172],{},[158,73286,8578,73287,44772,73289,3041,73291,73293],{},[15,73288,55656],{},[15,73290,12918],{},[15,73292,27169],{}," would be a better fit",[158,73295,73296],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73298,71488],{},[46,73300,73302],{"className":48,"code":73301,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73303,73304,73314,73328,73346,73360],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73305,73306,73308,73310,73312],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73307,121],{"class":120},[55,73309,103],{"class":69},[55,73311,192],{"class":99},[55,73313,114],{"class":69},[55,73315,73316,73318,73320,73322,73324,73326],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,73317,121],{"class":120},[55,73319,103],{"class":69},[55,73321,2608],{"class":99},[55,73323,4047],{"class":4040},[55,73325,8556],{"class":99},[55,73327,114],{"class":69},[55,73329,73330,73332,73334,73336,73338,73340,73342,73344],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,73331,121],{"class":120},[55,73333,103],{"class":69},[55,73335,192],{"class":99},[55,73337,44],{"class":69},[55,73339,41401],{"class":99},[55,73341,103],{"class":69},[55,73343,2633],{"class":99},[55,73345,1867],{"class":69},[55,73347,73348,73350,73352,73354,73356,73358],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,73349,121],{"class":120},[55,73351,103],{"class":69},[55,73353,1910],{"class":1898},[55,73355,103],{"class":69},[55,73357,192],{"class":99},[55,73359,1867],{"class":69},[55,73361,73362,73364,73366,73368,73370,73372],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,73363,1893],{"class":120},[55,73365,103],{"class":69},[55,73367,1899],{"class":1898},[55,73369,44],{"class":69},[55,73371,34936],{"class":1880},[55,73373,114],{"class":69},[20,73375,73376],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[155,73378,73379,73382,73385,73388],{},[158,73380,73381],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[158,73383,73384],{},"How many times does it appear?",[158,73386,73387],{},"Am I working with a list?",[158,73389,73390],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73392,73393,73394,73396],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[36,73395,71652],{"href":59088}," may also help.",[142,73398,1986],{"id":1985},[577,73400,73402],{"id":73401},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73404,73405],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[577,73407,73409],{"id":73408},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73411,5309,73412,73414],{},[15,73413,172],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[577,73416,73418],{"id":73417},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73420,73421,73422,73425,73426,44],{},"Check with ",[15,73423,73424],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73427,55656],{},[577,73429,73431],{"id":73430},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73433,31,73434,73436,73437,73439],{},[15,73435,55656],{}," for a value and ",[15,73438,12918],{}," for an index.",[142,73441,2039],{"id":2038},[155,73443,73444,73448,73452,73456,73460],{},[158,73445,73446],{},[36,73447,55643],{"href":55196},[158,73449,73450],{},[36,73451,73125],{"href":55208},[158,73453,73454],{},[36,73455,71652],{"href":59088},[158,73457,73458],{},[36,73459,65963],{"href":72860},[158,73461,73462],{},[36,73463,73465],{"href":73464},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2080,73467,73468],{},"html pre.shiki code 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":73470},[73471,73472,73473,73474,73475,73476,73477,73478,73479,73480,73486],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":71797,"depth":91,"text":71798},{"id":181,"depth":91,"text":182},{"id":358,"depth":91,"text":359},{"id":72250,"depth":91,"text":72251},{"id":65753,"depth":91,"text":65754},{"id":72863,"depth":91,"text":72864},{"id":73128,"depth":91,"text":73129},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":73481},[73482,73483,73484,73485],{"id":73401,"depth":117,"text":73402},{"id":73408,"depth":117,"text":73409},{"id":73417,"depth":117,"text":73418},{"id":73430,"depth":117,"text":73431},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71700,"description":73487},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73494,"title":73495,"body":73496,"description":75387,"extension":2124,"meta":75388,"navigation":428,"path":75389,"seo":75390,"stem":75391,"__hash__":75392},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73497,"toc":75357},[73498,73504,73510,73513,73524,73526,73575,73580,73585,73589,73604,73606,73671,73673,73714,73716,73718,73733,73735,73746,73748,73805,73807,73840,73842,73845,73894,73896,73921,73923,73939,73945,73952,74013,74015,74048,74053,74056,74136,74138,74199,74205,74209,74212,74276,74278,74303,74305,74325,74327,74376,74378,74399,74408,74411,74415,74420,74465,74467,74488,74494,74499,74507,74571,74573,74610,74616,74620,74627,74692,74694,74731,74735,74752,74762,74767,74772,74783,74790,74792,74798,74821,74824,74851,74856,74859,74960,74962,75017,75020,75127,75129,75200,75203,75229,75231,75236,75240,75248,75253,75258,75264,75269,75273,75276,75293,75296,75316,75324,75326,75354],[10,73499,13,73501,18],{"id":73500},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73502,73503],{},"reverse()",[20,73505,73506,73509],{},[15,73507,73508],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73511,73512],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73514,73515,73516,73518,73519,73523],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73517,73503],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[36,73520,73522],{"href":73521},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[142,73525,3774],{"id":3773},[46,73527,73529],{"className":48,"code":73528,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73530,73531,73551,73562],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73532,73533,73535,73537,73539,73541,73543,73545,73547,73549],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73534,62],{"class":61},[55,73536,66],{"class":65},[55,73538,70],{"class":69},[55,73540,74],{"class":73},[55,73542,77],{"class":69},[55,73544,80],{"class":73},[55,73546,77],{"class":69},[55,73548,111],{"class":73},[55,73550,88],{"class":69},[55,73552,73553,73555,73557,73560],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,73554,94],{"class":61},[55,73556,44],{"class":69},[55,73558,73559],{"class":99},"reverse",[55,73561,8804],{"class":69},[55,73563,73564,73566,73568,73570,73572],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,73565,121],{"class":120},[55,73567,103],{"class":69},[55,73569,94],{"class":99},[55,73571,3825],{"class":69},[55,73573,73574],{"class":133},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73576,73577,73579],{},[15,73578,73503],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[142,73581,145,73583,148],{"id":73582},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73584,73508],{},[20,73586,73587,153],{},[15,73588,73508],{},[155,73590,73591,73594,73597,73601],{},[158,73592,73593],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[158,73595,73596],{},"Changes the original list directly",[158,73598,169,73599],{},[15,73600,172],{},[158,73602,73603],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73605,230],{},[46,73607,73609],{"className":48,"code":73608,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73610,73611,73651,73661],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73612,73613,73615,73617,73619,73621,73623,73625,73627,73629,73631,73633,73635,73637,73639,73641,73643,73645,73647,73649],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73614,240],{"class":61},[55,73616,66],{"class":65},[55,73618,70],{"class":69},[55,73620,248],{"class":247},[55,73622,36],{"class":251},[55,73624,248],{"class":247},[55,73626,77],{"class":69},[55,73628,258],{"class":247},[55,73630,285],{"class":251},[55,73632,248],{"class":247},[55,73634,77],{"class":69},[55,73636,258],{"class":247},[55,73638,261],{"class":251},[55,73640,248],{"class":247},[55,73642,77],{"class":69},[55,73644,258],{"class":247},[55,73646,886],{"class":251},[55,73648,248],{"class":247},[55,73650,88],{"class":69},[55,73652,73653,73655,73657,73659],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,73654,270],{"class":61},[55,73656,44],{"class":69},[55,73658,73559],{"class":99},[55,73660,8804],{"class":69},[55,73662,73663,73665,73667,73669],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,73664,121],{"class":120},[55,73666,103],{"class":69},[55,73668,270],{"class":99},[55,73670,114],{"class":69},[20,73672,302],{},[46,73674,73676],{"className":48,"code":73675,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73677,73678],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73679,73680,73682,73684,73686,73688,73690,73692,73694,73696,73698,73700,73702,73704,73706,73708,73710,73712],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73681,312],{"class":69},[55,73683,315],{"class":247},[55,73685,886],{"class":251},[55,73687,315],{"class":247},[55,73689,77],{"class":69},[55,73691,324],{"class":247},[55,73693,261],{"class":251},[55,73695,315],{"class":247},[55,73697,77],{"class":69},[55,73699,324],{"class":247},[55,73701,285],{"class":251},[55,73703,315],{"class":247},[55,73705,77],{"class":69},[55,73707,324],{"class":247},[55,73709,36],{"class":251},[55,73711,315],{"class":247},[55,73713,88],{"class":69},[142,73715,2319],{"id":2318},[20,73717,2322],{},[46,73719,73721],{"className":48,"code":73720,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73722,73723],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73724,73725,73727,73729,73731],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73726,192],{"class":61},[55,73728,44],{"class":69},[55,73730,73559],{"class":99},[55,73732,8804],{"class":69},[20,73734,13208],{},[155,73736,73737,73740,73743],{},[158,73738,73739],{},"No arguments are needed",[158,73741,73742],{},"You call it on an existing list",[158,73744,73745],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73747,230],{},[46,73749,73751],{"className":48,"code":73750,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73752,73753,73785,73795],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73754,73755,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769,73771,73773,73775,73777,73779,73781,73783],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73756,372],{"class":61},[55,73758,66],{"class":65},[55,73760,70],{"class":69},[55,73762,248],{"class":247},[55,73764,381],{"class":251},[55,73766,248],{"class":247},[55,73768,77],{"class":69},[55,73770,258],{"class":247},[55,73772,399],{"class":251},[55,73774,248],{"class":247},[55,73776,77],{"class":69},[55,73778,258],{"class":247},[55,73780,390],{"class":251},[55,73782,248],{"class":247},[55,73784,88],{"class":69},[55,73786,73787,73789,73791,73793],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,73788,434],{"class":61},[55,73790,44],{"class":69},[55,73792,73559],{"class":99},[55,73794,8804],{"class":69},[55,73796,73797,73799,73801,73803],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,73798,121],{"class":120},[55,73800,103],{"class":69},[55,73802,434],{"class":99},[55,73804,114],{"class":69},[20,73806,302],{},[46,73808,73810],{"className":48,"code":73809,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73811,73812],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73813,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824,73826,73828,73830,73832,73834,73836,73838],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73815,312],{"class":69},[55,73817,315],{"class":247},[55,73819,390],{"class":251},[55,73821,315],{"class":247},[55,73823,77],{"class":69},[55,73825,324],{"class":247},[55,73827,399],{"class":251},[55,73829,315],{"class":247},[55,73831,77],{"class":69},[55,73833,324],{"class":247},[55,73835,381],{"class":251},[55,73837,315],{"class":247},[55,73839,88],{"class":69},[142,73841,11634],{"id":11633},[20,73843,73844],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[46,73846,73848],{"className":48,"code":73847,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73849,73850,73874,73884],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73851,73852,73854,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73853,62],{"class":61},[55,73855,66],{"class":65},[55,73857,70],{"class":69},[55,73859,800],{"class":73},[55,73861,77],{"class":69},[55,73863,7951],{"class":73},[55,73865,77],{"class":69},[55,73867,7956],{"class":73},[55,73869,77],{"class":69},[55,73871,50988],{"class":73},[55,73873,88],{"class":69},[55,73875,73876,73878,73880,73882],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,73877,94],{"class":61},[55,73879,44],{"class":69},[55,73881,73559],{"class":99},[55,73883,8804],{"class":69},[55,73885,73886,73888,73890,73892],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,73887,121],{"class":120},[55,73889,103],{"class":69},[55,73891,94],{"class":99},[55,73893,114],{"class":69},[20,73895,302],{},[46,73897,73899],{"className":48,"code":73898,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73900,73901],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73902,73903,73905,73907,73909,73911,73913,73915,73917,73919],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73904,312],{"class":69},[55,73906,56819],{"class":73},[55,73908,77],{"class":69},[55,73910,7956],{"class":73},[55,73912,77],{"class":69},[55,73914,7951],{"class":73},[55,73916,77],{"class":69},[55,73918,6162],{"class":73},[55,73920,88],{"class":69},[20,73922,11840],{},[155,73924,73925,73931,73936],{},[158,73926,73927,73928],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73929,73930],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[158,73932,73933,73935],{},[15,73934,73503],{}," flips the order",[158,73937,73938],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[142,73940,73942,73944],{"id":73941},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73943,73503],{}," changes the original list",[20,73946,73947,73948,73951],{},"This method is ",[1966,73949,73950],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[46,73953,73955],{"className":48,"code":73954,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73956,73957,73989,73999,74003],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73958,73959,73961,73963,73965,73967,73969,73971,73973,73975,73977,73979,73981,73983,73985,73987],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73960,36378],{"class":61},[55,73962,66],{"class":65},[55,73964,70],{"class":69},[55,73966,248],{"class":247},[55,73968,1035],{"class":251},[55,73970,248],{"class":247},[55,73972,77],{"class":69},[55,73974,258],{"class":247},[55,73976,1072],{"class":251},[55,73978,248],{"class":247},[55,73980,77],{"class":69},[55,73982,258],{"class":247},[55,73984,4259],{"class":251},[55,73986,248],{"class":247},[55,73988,88],{"class":69},[55,73990,73991,73993,73995,73997],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,73992,36430],{"class":61},[55,73994,44],{"class":69},[55,73996,73559],{"class":99},[55,73998,8804],{"class":69},[55,74000,74001],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,74002,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,74004,74005,74007,74009,74011],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,74006,121],{"class":120},[55,74008,103],{"class":69},[55,74010,36430],{"class":99},[55,74012,114],{"class":69},[20,74014,302],{},[46,74016,74018],{"className":48,"code":74017,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74019,74020],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74021,74022,74024,74026,74028,74030,74032,74034,74036,74038,74040,74042,74044,74046],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74023,312],{"class":69},[55,74025,315],{"class":247},[55,74027,4259],{"class":251},[55,74029,315],{"class":247},[55,74031,77],{"class":69},[55,74033,324],{"class":247},[55,74035,1072],{"class":251},[55,74037,315],{"class":247},[55,74039,77],{"class":69},[55,74041,324],{"class":247},[55,74043,1035],{"class":251},[55,74045,315],{"class":247},[55,74047,88],{"class":69},[20,74049,31,74050,74052],{},[15,74051,73503],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74054,74055],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[46,74057,74059],{"className":48,"code":74058,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74060,74061,74093,74111,74115,74125],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74062,74063,74065,74067,74069,74071,74073,74075,74077,74079,74081,74083,74085,74087,74089,74091],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74064,36378],{"class":61},[55,74066,66],{"class":65},[55,74068,70],{"class":69},[55,74070,248],{"class":247},[55,74072,1035],{"class":251},[55,74074,248],{"class":247},[55,74076,77],{"class":69},[55,74078,258],{"class":247},[55,74080,1072],{"class":251},[55,74082,248],{"class":247},[55,74084,77],{"class":69},[55,74086,258],{"class":247},[55,74088,4259],{"class":251},[55,74090,248],{"class":247},[55,74092,88],{"class":69},[55,74094,74095,74098,74100,74102,74105,74107,74109],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,74096,74097],{"class":61},"reversed_fruits ",[55,74099,66],{"class":65},[55,74101,52993],{"class":61},[55,74103,74104],{"class":69},"[::",[55,74106,903],{"class":65},[55,74108,74],{"class":73},[55,74110,88],{"class":69},[55,74112,74113],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,74114,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,74116,74117,74119,74121,74123],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,74118,121],{"class":120},[55,74120,103],{"class":69},[55,74122,36430],{"class":99},[55,74124,114],{"class":69},[55,74126,74127,74129,74131,74134],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,74128,121],{"class":120},[55,74130,103],{"class":69},[55,74132,74133],{"class":99},"reversed_fruits",[55,74135,114],{"class":69},[20,74137,302],{},[46,74139,74141],{"className":48,"code":74140,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74142,74143,74171],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74144,74145,74147,74149,74151,74153,74155,74157,74159,74161,74163,74165,74167,74169],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74146,312],{"class":69},[55,74148,315],{"class":247},[55,74150,1035],{"class":251},[55,74152,315],{"class":247},[55,74154,77],{"class":69},[55,74156,324],{"class":247},[55,74158,1072],{"class":251},[55,74160,315],{"class":247},[55,74162,77],{"class":69},[55,74164,324],{"class":247},[55,74166,4259],{"class":251},[55,74168,315],{"class":247},[55,74170,88],{"class":69},[55,74172,74173,74175,74177,74179,74181,74183,74185,74187,74189,74191,74193,74195,74197],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,74174,312],{"class":69},[55,74176,315],{"class":247},[55,74178,4259],{"class":251},[55,74180,315],{"class":247},[55,74182,77],{"class":69},[55,74184,324],{"class":247},[55,74186,1072],{"class":251},[55,74188,315],{"class":247},[55,74190,77],{"class":69},[55,74192,324],{"class":247},[55,74194,1035],{"class":251},[55,74196,315],{"class":247},[55,74198,88],{"class":69},[20,74200,74201,74202,44],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[36,74203,74204],{"href":73521},"Python list slicing explained",[142,74206,74208],{"id":74207},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74210,74211],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[46,74213,74215],{"className":48,"code":74214,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74216,74217,74237,74251,74255,74266],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74218,74219,74221,74223,74225,74227,74229,74231,74233,74235],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74220,62],{"class":61},[55,74222,66],{"class":65},[55,74224,70],{"class":69},[55,74226,74],{"class":73},[55,74228,77],{"class":69},[55,74230,80],{"class":73},[55,74232,77],{"class":69},[55,74234,111],{"class":73},[55,74236,88],{"class":69},[55,74238,74239,74241,74243,74245,74247,74249],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,74240,1353],{"class":61},[55,74242,66],{"class":65},[55,74244,1260],{"class":61},[55,74246,44],{"class":69},[55,74248,73559],{"class":99},[55,74250,8804],{"class":69},[55,74252,74253],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,74254,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,74256,74257,74259,74261,74264],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,74258,121],{"class":120},[55,74260,103],{"class":69},[55,74262,74263],{"class":99},"new_list",[55,74265,114],{"class":69},[55,74267,74268,74270,74272,74274],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,74269,121],{"class":120},[55,74271,103],{"class":69},[55,74273,94],{"class":99},[55,74275,114],{"class":69},[20,74277,302],{},[46,74279,74281],{"className":48,"code":74280,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74282,74283,74287],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74284,74285],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74286,1313],{"class":1312},[55,74288,74289,74291,74293,74295,74297,74299,74301],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,74290,312],{"class":69},[55,74292,2223],{"class":73},[55,74294,77],{"class":69},[55,74296,80],{"class":73},[55,74298,77],{"class":69},[55,74300,630],{"class":73},[55,74302,88],{"class":69},[20,74304,12056],{},[155,74306,74307,74315,74319],{},[158,74308,74309,74311,74312,74314],{},[15,74310,73503],{}," changes ",[15,74313,94],{}," directly",[158,74316,41047,74317,71821],{},[1966,74318,1968],{},[158,74320,53790,74321,42297,74323],{},[15,74322,74263],{},[15,74324,172],{},[20,74326,62022],{},[46,74328,74330],{"className":48,"code":74329,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74331,74332,74352,74362,74366],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74333,74334,74336,74338,74340,74342,74344,74346,74348,74350],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74335,62],{"class":61},[55,74337,66],{"class":65},[55,74339,70],{"class":69},[55,74341,74],{"class":73},[55,74343,77],{"class":69},[55,74345,80],{"class":73},[55,74347,77],{"class":69},[55,74349,111],{"class":73},[55,74351,88],{"class":69},[55,74353,74354,74356,74358,74360],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,74355,94],{"class":61},[55,74357,44],{"class":69},[55,74359,73559],{"class":99},[55,74361,8804],{"class":69},[55,74363,74364],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,74365,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,74367,74368,74370,74372,74374],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,74369,121],{"class":120},[55,74371,103],{"class":69},[55,74373,94],{"class":99},[55,74375,114],{"class":69},[20,74377,302],{},[46,74379,74381],{"className":48,"code":74380,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74382,74383],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74384,74385,74387,74389,74391,74393,74395,74397],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74386,312],{"class":69},[55,74388,2223],{"class":73},[55,74390,77],{"class":69},[55,74392,80],{"class":73},[55,74394,77],{"class":69},[55,74396,630],{"class":73},[55,74398,88],{"class":69},[142,74400,74402,982,74404,74407],{"id":74401},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74403,73503],{},[15,74405,74406],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74409,74410],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[577,74412,74413],{"id":73559},[15,74414,73503],{},[20,74416,74417,74419],{},[15,74418,73503],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[46,74421,74423],{"className":48,"code":74422,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74424,74425,74445,74455],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74426,74427,74429,74431,74433,74435,74437,74439,74441,74443],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74428,62],{"class":61},[55,74430,66],{"class":65},[55,74432,70],{"class":69},[55,74434,2223],{"class":73},[55,74436,77],{"class":69},[55,74438,630],{"class":73},[55,74440,77],{"class":69},[55,74442,80],{"class":73},[55,74444,88],{"class":69},[55,74446,74447,74449,74451,74453],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,74448,94],{"class":61},[55,74450,44],{"class":69},[55,74452,73559],{"class":99},[55,74454,8804],{"class":69},[55,74456,74457,74459,74461,74463],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,74458,121],{"class":120},[55,74460,103],{"class":69},[55,74462,94],{"class":99},[55,74464,114],{"class":69},[20,74466,302],{},[46,74468,74470],{"className":48,"code":74469,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74471,74472],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74473,74474,74476,74478,74480,74482,74484,74486],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74475,312],{"class":69},[55,74477,106],{"class":73},[55,74479,77],{"class":69},[55,74481,630],{"class":73},[55,74483,77],{"class":69},[55,74485,111],{"class":73},[55,74487,88],{"class":69},[20,74489,74490,74491,74493],{},"Notice that this is ",[1966,74492,1968],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[577,74495,74497],{"id":74496},"sorted",[15,74498,74406],{},[20,74500,74501,74506],{},[36,74502,74504],{"href":74503},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74505,74406],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[46,74508,74510],{"className":48,"code":74509,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74511,74512,74532,74547,74551,74561],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74513,74514,74516,74518,74520,74522,74524,74526,74528,74530],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74515,62],{"class":61},[55,74517,66],{"class":65},[55,74519,70],{"class":69},[55,74521,2223],{"class":73},[55,74523,77],{"class":69},[55,74525,630],{"class":73},[55,74527,77],{"class":69},[55,74529,80],{"class":73},[55,74531,88],{"class":69},[55,74533,74534,74536,74538,74541,74543,74545],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,74535,1255],{"class":61},[55,74537,66],{"class":65},[55,74539,74540],{"class":120}," sorted",[55,74542,103],{"class":69},[55,74544,94],{"class":99},[55,74546,114],{"class":69},[55,74548,74549],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,74550,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,74552,74553,74555,74557,74559],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,74554,121],{"class":120},[55,74556,103],{"class":69},[55,74558,94],{"class":99},[55,74560,114],{"class":69},[55,74562,74563,74565,74567,74569],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,74564,121],{"class":120},[55,74566,103],{"class":69},[55,74568,1288],{"class":99},[55,74570,114],{"class":69},[20,74572,302],{},[46,74574,74576],{"className":48,"code":74575,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74577,74578,74594],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74579,74580,74582,74584,74586,74588,74590,74592],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74581,312],{"class":69},[55,74583,2223],{"class":73},[55,74585,77],{"class":69},[55,74587,630],{"class":73},[55,74589,77],{"class":69},[55,74591,80],{"class":73},[55,74593,88],{"class":69},[55,74595,74596,74598,74600,74602,74604,74606,74608],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,74597,312],{"class":69},[55,74599,74],{"class":73},[55,74601,77],{"class":69},[55,74603,80],{"class":73},[55,74605,77],{"class":69},[55,74607,111],{"class":73},[55,74609,88],{"class":69},[20,74611,74612,74613,44],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74614,74615],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[577,74617,74619],{"id":74618},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74621,74622,74623,74626],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74624,74625],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[46,74628,74630],{"className":48,"code":74629,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74631,74632,74652,74668,74672,74682],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74633,74634,74636,74638,74640,74642,74644,74646,74648,74650],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74635,62],{"class":61},[55,74637,66],{"class":65},[55,74639,70],{"class":69},[55,74641,2223],{"class":73},[55,74643,77],{"class":69},[55,74645,630],{"class":73},[55,74647,77],{"class":69},[55,74649,80],{"class":73},[55,74651,88],{"class":69},[55,74653,74654,74656,74658,74660,74662,74664,74666],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,74655,1255],{"class":61},[55,74657,66],{"class":65},[55,74659,1260],{"class":61},[55,74661,74104],{"class":69},[55,74663,903],{"class":65},[55,74665,74],{"class":73},[55,74667,88],{"class":69},[55,74669,74670],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,74671,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,74673,74674,74676,74678,74680],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,74675,121],{"class":120},[55,74677,103],{"class":69},[55,74679,94],{"class":99},[55,74681,114],{"class":69},[55,74683,74684,74686,74688,74690],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,74685,121],{"class":120},[55,74687,103],{"class":69},[55,74689,1288],{"class":99},[55,74691,114],{"class":69},[20,74693,302],{},[46,74695,74697],{"className":48,"code":74696,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74698,74699,74715],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74700,74701,74703,74705,74707,74709,74711,74713],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74702,312],{"class":69},[55,74704,2223],{"class":73},[55,74706,77],{"class":69},[55,74708,630],{"class":73},[55,74710,77],{"class":69},[55,74712,80],{"class":73},[55,74714,88],{"class":69},[55,74716,74717,74719,74721,74723,74725,74727,74729],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,74718,312],{"class":69},[55,74720,106],{"class":73},[55,74722,77],{"class":69},[55,74724,630],{"class":73},[55,74726,77],{"class":69},[55,74728,111],{"class":73},[55,74730,88],{"class":69},[577,74732,74734],{"id":74733},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[155,74736,74737,74742,74747],{},[158,74738,31,74739,74741],{},[15,74740,73503],{}," when you want to change the original list",[158,74743,31,74744,74746],{},[15,74745,74625],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[158,74748,31,74749,74751],{},[15,74750,74406],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74753,74754,74755,74761],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[36,74756,74758,74759,43],{"href":74757},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74760,64436],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[142,74763,1937,74765],{"id":74764},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74766,73503],{},[20,74768,74769,74771],{},[15,74770,73503],{}," is a good choice:",[155,74773,74774,74777,74780],{},[158,74775,74776],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[158,74778,74779],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[158,74781,74782],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74784,74785,74786,44],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[36,74787,74789],{"href":74788},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[142,74791,2992],{"id":2991},[20,74793,74794,74795,74797],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74796,73503],{}," for these reasons:",[155,74799,74800,74804,74809,74814],{},[158,74801,1220,74802,12753],{},[15,74803,73503],{},[158,74805,1553,74806,74808],{},[15,74807,73503],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[158,74810,8578,74811,74813],{},[15,74812,73503],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[158,74815,37343,74816,8866,74818],{},[15,74817,73503],{},[15,74819,74820],{},"reversed()",[20,74822,74823],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[46,74825,74827],{"className":48,"code":74826,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74828,74829,74841],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74830,74831,74833,74835,74837,74839],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74832,34829],{"class":61},[55,74834,66],{"class":65},[55,74836,258],{"class":247},[55,74838,4009],{"class":251},[55,74840,3522],{"class":247},[55,74842,74843,74845,74847,74849],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,74844,34850],{"class":61},[55,74846,44],{"class":69},[55,74848,73559],{"class":99},[55,74850,8804],{"class":69},[20,74852,74853,74854,33744],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74855,73503],{},[20,74857,74858],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[46,74860,74862],{"className":48,"code":74861,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74863,74864,74884,74888,74898,74912,74916,74930,74940,74944],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74865,74866,74868,74870,74872,74874,74876,74878,74880,74882],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74867,8469],{"class":61},[55,74869,66],{"class":65},[55,74871,70],{"class":69},[55,74873,74],{"class":73},[55,74875,77],{"class":69},[55,74877,80],{"class":73},[55,74879,77],{"class":69},[55,74881,111],{"class":73},[55,74883,88],{"class":69},[55,74885,74886],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,74887,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,74889,74890,74892,74894,74896],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,74891,121],{"class":120},[55,74893,103],{"class":69},[55,74895,192],{"class":99},[55,74897,114],{"class":69},[55,74899,74900,74902,74904,74906,74908,74910],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,74901,121],{"class":120},[55,74903,103],{"class":69},[55,74905,1910],{"class":1898},[55,74907,103],{"class":69},[55,74909,192],{"class":99},[55,74911,1867],{"class":69},[55,74913,74914],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,74915,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,74917,74918,74920,74922,74924,74926,74928],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,74919,1255],{"class":61},[55,74921,66],{"class":65},[55,74923,8556],{"class":61},[55,74925,44],{"class":69},[55,74927,73559],{"class":99},[55,74929,8804],{"class":69},[55,74931,74932,74934,74936,74938],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,74933,121],{"class":120},[55,74935,103],{"class":69},[55,74937,1288],{"class":99},[55,74939,114],{"class":69},[55,74941,74942],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,74943,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,74945,74946,74948,74950,74952,74954,74956,74958],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,74947,121],{"class":120},[55,74949,103],{"class":69},[55,74951,192],{"class":99},[55,74953,74104],{"class":69},[55,74955,903],{"class":65},[55,74957,74],{"class":73},[55,74959,1777],{"class":69},[20,74961,302],{},[46,74963,74965],{"className":48,"code":74964,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74966,74967,74983,74997,75001],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74968,74969,74971,74973,74975,74977,74979,74981],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74970,312],{"class":69},[55,74972,74],{"class":73},[55,74974,77],{"class":69},[55,74976,80],{"class":73},[55,74978,77],{"class":69},[55,74980,111],{"class":73},[55,74982,88],{"class":69},[55,74984,74985,74987,74989,74991,74993,74995],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,74986,3454],{"class":65},[55,74988,3457],{"class":2226},[55,74990,324],{"class":247},[55,74992,1899],{"class":251},[55,74994,315],{"class":247},[55,74996,3466],{"class":65},[55,74998,74999],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,75000,1313],{"class":1312},[55,75002,75003,75005,75007,75009,75011,75013,75015],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,75004,312],{"class":69},[55,75006,74],{"class":73},[55,75008,77],{"class":69},[55,75010,80],{"class":73},[55,75012,77],{"class":69},[55,75014,630],{"class":73},[55,75016,88],{"class":69},[20,75018,75019],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[46,75021,75023],{"className":48,"code":75022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75024,75025,75045,75049,75059,75073,75077,75091,75101,75111],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75026,75027,75029,75031,75033,75035,75037,75039,75041,75043],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75028,8469],{"class":61},[55,75030,66],{"class":65},[55,75032,70],{"class":69},[55,75034,74],{"class":73},[55,75036,77],{"class":69},[55,75038,80],{"class":73},[55,75040,77],{"class":69},[55,75042,111],{"class":73},[55,75044,88],{"class":69},[55,75046,75047],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,75048,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,75050,75051,75053,75055,75057],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,75052,121],{"class":120},[55,75054,103],{"class":69},[55,75056,192],{"class":99},[55,75058,114],{"class":69},[55,75060,75061,75063,75065,75067,75069,75071],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,75062,121],{"class":120},[55,75064,103],{"class":69},[55,75066,1910],{"class":1898},[55,75068,103],{"class":69},[55,75070,192],{"class":99},[55,75072,1867],{"class":69},[55,75074,75075],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,75076,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,75078,75079,75081,75083,75085,75087,75089],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,75080,1255],{"class":61},[55,75082,66],{"class":65},[55,75084,8556],{"class":61},[55,75086,44],{"class":69},[55,75088,73559],{"class":99},[55,75090,8804],{"class":69},[55,75092,75093,75095,75097,75099],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,75094,121],{"class":120},[55,75096,103],{"class":69},[55,75098,1288],{"class":99},[55,75100,114],{"class":69},[55,75102,75103,75105,75107,75109],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,75104,121],{"class":120},[55,75106,103],{"class":69},[55,75108,192],{"class":99},[55,75110,114],{"class":69},[55,75112,75113,75115,75117,75119,75121,75123,75125],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,75114,121],{"class":120},[55,75116,103],{"class":69},[55,75118,192],{"class":99},[55,75120,74104],{"class":69},[55,75122,903],{"class":65},[55,75124,74],{"class":73},[55,75126,1777],{"class":69},[20,75128,302],{},[46,75130,75132],{"className":48,"code":75131,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75133,75134,75150,75164,75168,75184],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75135,75136,75138,75140,75142,75144,75146,75148],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75137,312],{"class":69},[55,75139,74],{"class":73},[55,75141,77],{"class":69},[55,75143,80],{"class":73},[55,75145,77],{"class":69},[55,75147,111],{"class":73},[55,75149,88],{"class":69},[55,75151,75152,75154,75156,75158,75160,75162],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,75153,3454],{"class":65},[55,75155,3457],{"class":2226},[55,75157,324],{"class":247},[55,75159,1899],{"class":251},[55,75161,315],{"class":247},[55,75163,3466],{"class":65},[55,75165,75166],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,75167,1313],{"class":1312},[55,75169,75170,75172,75174,75176,75178,75180,75182],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,75171,312],{"class":69},[55,75173,2223],{"class":73},[55,75175,77],{"class":69},[55,75177,80],{"class":73},[55,75179,77],{"class":69},[55,75181,630],{"class":73},[55,75183,88],{"class":69},[55,75185,75186,75188,75190,75192,75194,75196,75198],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,75187,312],{"class":69},[55,75189,74],{"class":73},[55,75191,77],{"class":69},[55,75193,80],{"class":73},[55,75195,77],{"class":69},[55,75197,111],{"class":73},[55,75199,88],{"class":69},[20,75201,75202],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[155,75204,75205,75214,75223],{},[158,75206,27940,75207,75210,75211],{},[15,75208,75209],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75212,75213],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[158,75215,12072,75216,75219,75220,22705],{},[15,75217,75218],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[1966,75221,75222],{},"current",[158,75224,75225,75226],{},"So it prints ",[15,75227,75228],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[142,75230,1986],{"id":1985},[577,75232,1990,75234,1993],{"id":75233},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75235,73508],{},[20,75237,62727,75238,44],{},[15,75239,172],{},[577,75241,34348,75243,34351,75245,2027],{"id":75242},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75244,73503],{},[15,75246,75247],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75249,75250,75252],{},[15,75251,73503],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75254,75255,75257],{},[15,75256,75247],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[577,75259,28473,75261,75263],{"id":75260},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75262,73503],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75265,46508,75266,75268],{},[15,75267,73503],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[577,75270,75272],{"id":75271},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75274,75275],{},"Use slicing:",[46,75277,75279],{"className":48,"code":75278,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75280,75281],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75282,75283,75285,75287,75289,75291],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75284,192],{"class":61},[55,75286,74104],{"class":69},[55,75288,903],{"class":65},[55,75290,74],{"class":73},[55,75292,88],{"class":69},[20,75294,75295],{},"Or use:",[46,75297,75299],{"className":48,"code":75298,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75300,75301],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75302,75303,75305,75307,75310,75312,75314],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75304,1899],{"class":1898},[55,75306,103],{"class":69},[55,75308,75309],{"class":120},"reversed",[55,75311,103],{"class":69},[55,75313,192],{"class":99},[55,75315,1867],{"class":69},[20,75317,75318,75319,75323],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[36,75320,39,75321],{"href":55089},[15,75322,12932],{}," can also help.",[142,75325,2039],{"id":2038},[155,75327,75328,75334,75340,75344,75348],{},[158,75329,75330],{},[36,75331,39,75332,43],{"href":74757},[15,75333,64436],{},[158,75335,75336],{},[36,75337,3740,75338,3673],{"href":74503},[15,75339,74406],{},[158,75341,75342],{},[36,75343,74789],{"href":74788},[158,75345,75346],{},[36,75347,74204],{"href":73521},[158,75349,75350],{},[36,75351,39,75352,43],{"href":55089},[15,75353,12932],{},[2080,75355,75356],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":75358},[75359,75360,75362,75363,75364,75366,75367,75374,75376,75377,75386],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":73582,"depth":91,"text":75361},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":73941,"depth":91,"text":75365},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74207,"depth":91,"text":74208},{"id":74401,"depth":91,"text":75368,"children":75369},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75370,75371,75372,75373],{"id":73559,"depth":117,"text":73503},{"id":74496,"depth":117,"text":74406},{"id":74618,"depth":117,"text":74619},{"id":74733,"depth":117,"text":74734},{"id":74764,"depth":91,"text":75375},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":75378},[75379,75381,75383,75385],{"id":75233,"depth":117,"text":75380},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75242,"depth":117,"text":75382},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75260,"depth":117,"text":75384},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75271,"depth":117,"text":75272},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73495,"description":75387},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75394,"title":75395,"body":75396,"description":77829,"extension":2124,"meta":77830,"navigation":428,"path":77831,"seo":77832,"stem":77833,"__hash__":77834},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75397,"toc":77797},[75398,75401,75413,75416,75439,75447,75449,75561,75570,75574,75577,75580,75667,75669,75702,75704,75727,75733,75737,75740,75762,75764,75781,75784,75804,75806,75916,75918,75995,75999,76002,76045,76047,76180,76182,76284,76289,76293,76296,76298,76312,76315,76429,76431,76505,76507,76535,76539,76544,76574,76577,76703,76705,76787,76793,76797,76799,76838,76847,76851,76854,76858,76905,76907,76915,76919,76970,76972,76985,76987,77001,77004,77012,77014,77061,77063,77071,77074,77117,77122,77125,77128,77151,77155,77206,77209,77230,77240,77244,77246,77276,77279,77302,77306,77309,77376,77378,77415,77418,77426,77493,77495,77532,77538,77545,77549,77552,77582,77587,77591,77594,77618,77621,77715,77725,77727,77731,77734,77738,77741,77746,77749,77755,77758,77760,77788,77794],[10,75399,75395],{"id":75400},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75402,75403,75404,2352,75406,17222,75409,75412],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75405,36213],{},[15,75407,75408],{},"stop",[15,75410,75411],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75414,75415],{},"The basic slice form is:",[46,75417,75419],{"className":48,"code":75418,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75420,75421],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75422,75423,75425,75427,75429,75431,75433,75435,75437],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75424,192],{"class":61},[55,75426,312],{"class":69},[55,75428,36213],{"class":61},[55,75430,153],{"class":69},[55,75432,75408],{"class":61},[55,75434,153],{"class":69},[55,75436,75411],{"class":61},[55,75438,88],{"class":69},[20,75440,75441,75442,75444,75445,44],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75443,75408],{}," position is ",[1966,75446,65194],{},[142,75448,2165],{"id":2164},[46,75450,75452],{"className":48,"code":75451,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75453,75454,75482,75486,75507,75525,75542],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75455,75456,75458,75460,75462,75464,75466,75468,75470,75472,75474,75476,75478,75480],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75457,62],{"class":61},[55,75459,66],{"class":65},[55,75461,70],{"class":69},[55,75463,800],{"class":73},[55,75465,77],{"class":69},[55,75467,7951],{"class":73},[55,75469,77],{"class":69},[55,75471,7956],{"class":73},[55,75473,77],{"class":69},[55,75475,50988],{"class":73},[55,75477,77],{"class":69},[55,75479,5241],{"class":73},[55,75481,88],{"class":69},[55,75483,75484],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,75485,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,75487,75488,75490,75492,75494,75496,75498,75500,75502,75504],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,75489,121],{"class":120},[55,75491,103],{"class":69},[55,75493,94],{"class":99},[55,75495,312],{"class":69},[55,75497,74],{"class":73},[55,75499,153],{"class":69},[55,75501,2665],{"class":73},[55,75503,20593],{"class":69},[55,75505,75506],{"class":133},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[55,75508,75509,75511,75513,75515,75518,75520,75522],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,75510,121],{"class":120},[55,75512,103],{"class":69},[55,75514,94],{"class":99},[55,75516,75517],{"class":69},"[:",[55,75519,2223],{"class":73},[55,75521,20593],{"class":69},[55,75523,75524],{"class":133},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[55,75526,75527,75529,75531,75533,75535,75537,75539],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,75528,121],{"class":120},[55,75530,103],{"class":69},[55,75532,94],{"class":99},[55,75534,74104],{"class":69},[55,75536,106],{"class":73},[55,75538,20593],{"class":69},[55,75540,75541],{"class":133},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[55,75543,75544,75546,75548,75550,75552,75554,75556,75558],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,75545,121],{"class":120},[55,75547,103],{"class":69},[55,75549,94],{"class":99},[55,75551,74104],{"class":69},[55,75553,903],{"class":65},[55,75555,74],{"class":73},[55,75557,20593],{"class":69},[55,75559,75560],{"class":133},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75562,31,75563,75566,75567,75569],{},[15,75564,75565],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75568,75408],{}," value is not included.",[142,75571,75573],{"id":75572},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75575,75576],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75578,75579],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[46,75581,75583],{"className":48,"code":75582,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75584,75585,75633,75637,75656],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75586,75587,75589,75591,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601,75603,75605,75607,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617,75619,75621,75623,75625,75627,75629,75631],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75588,240],{"class":61},[55,75590,66],{"class":65},[55,75592,70],{"class":69},[55,75594,248],{"class":247},[55,75596,36],{"class":251},[55,75598,248],{"class":247},[55,75600,77],{"class":69},[55,75602,258],{"class":247},[55,75604,285],{"class":251},[55,75606,248],{"class":247},[55,75608,77],{"class":69},[55,75610,258],{"class":247},[55,75612,261],{"class":251},[55,75614,248],{"class":247},[55,75616,77],{"class":69},[55,75618,258],{"class":247},[55,75620,886],{"class":251},[55,75622,248],{"class":247},[55,75624,77],{"class":69},[55,75626,258],{"class":247},[55,75628,60571],{"class":251},[55,75630,248],{"class":247},[55,75632,88],{"class":69},[55,75634,75635],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,75636,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,75638,75639,75642,75644,75646,75648,75650,75652,75654],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,75640,75641],{"class":61},"part ",[55,75643,66],{"class":65},[55,75645,70078],{"class":61},[55,75647,312],{"class":69},[55,75649,74],{"class":73},[55,75651,153],{"class":69},[55,75653,2665],{"class":73},[55,75655,88],{"class":69},[55,75657,75658,75660,75662,75665],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,75659,121],{"class":120},[55,75661,103],{"class":69},[55,75663,75664],{"class":99},"part",[55,75666,114],{"class":69},[20,75668,302],{},[46,75670,75672],{"className":48,"code":75671,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75673,75674],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75675,75676,75678,75680,75682,75684,75686,75688,75690,75692,75694,75696,75698,75700],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75677,312],{"class":69},[55,75679,315],{"class":247},[55,75681,285],{"class":251},[55,75683,315],{"class":247},[55,75685,77],{"class":69},[55,75687,324],{"class":247},[55,75689,261],{"class":251},[55,75691,315],{"class":247},[55,75693,77],{"class":69},[55,75695,324],{"class":247},[55,75697,886],{"class":251},[55,75699,315],{"class":247},[55,75701,88],{"class":69},[20,75703,13208],{},[155,75705,75706,75709,75712,75718,75724],{},[158,75707,75708],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[158,75710,75711],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[158,75713,75714,75715],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75716,75717],{},"list[start:stop]",[158,75719,75720,75721,75723],{},"The item at ",[15,75722,75408],{}," is not included",[158,75725,75726],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75728,75729,75730,44],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[36,75731,75732],{"href":974},"beginner guide to Python lists",[142,75734,75736],{"id":75735},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75738,75739],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[46,75741,75742],{"className":48,"code":75418,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,75743,75744],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75745,75746,75748,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758,75760],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75747,192],{"class":61},[55,75749,312],{"class":69},[55,75751,36213],{"class":61},[55,75753,153],{"class":69},[55,75755,75408],{"class":61},[55,75757,153],{"class":69},[55,75759,75411],{"class":61},[55,75761,88],{"class":69},[20,75763,65170],{},[155,75765,75766,75771,75776],{},[158,75767,75768,75770],{},[15,75769,36213],{}," is where slicing begins",[158,75772,75773,75775],{},[15,75774,75408],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[158,75777,75778,75780],{},[15,75779,75411],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75782,75783],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[155,75785,75786,75792,75797],{},[158,75787,75788,75789,75791],{},"Missing ",[15,75790,36213],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[158,75793,75788,75794,75796],{},[15,75795,75408],{}," means go to the end of the list",[158,75798,75788,75799,75801,75802],{},[15,75800,75411],{}," means use ",[15,75803,74],{},[20,75805,230],{},[46,75807,75809],{"className":48,"code":75808,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75810,75811,75839,75843,75864,75881,75899],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75812,75813,75815,75817,75819,75821,75823,75825,75827,75829,75831,75833,75835,75837],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75814,62],{"class":61},[55,75816,66],{"class":65},[55,75818,70],{"class":69},[55,75820,800],{"class":73},[55,75822,77],{"class":69},[55,75824,7951],{"class":73},[55,75826,77],{"class":69},[55,75828,7956],{"class":73},[55,75830,77],{"class":69},[55,75832,50988],{"class":73},[55,75834,77],{"class":69},[55,75836,5241],{"class":73},[55,75838,88],{"class":69},[55,75840,75841],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,75842,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,75844,75845,75847,75849,75851,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,75846,121],{"class":120},[55,75848,103],{"class":69},[55,75850,94],{"class":99},[55,75852,312],{"class":69},[55,75854,74],{"class":73},[55,75856,153],{"class":69},[55,75858,2665],{"class":73},[55,75860,20593],{"class":69},[55,75862,75863],{"class":133},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[55,75865,75866,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,75867,121],{"class":120},[55,75869,103],{"class":69},[55,75871,94],{"class":99},[55,75873,75517],{"class":69},[55,75875,2223],{"class":73},[55,75877,20593],{"class":69},[55,75879,75880],{"class":133},"    # start from the beginning\n",[55,75882,75883,75885,75887,75889,75891,75893,75896],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,75884,121],{"class":120},[55,75886,103],{"class":69},[55,75888,94],{"class":99},[55,75890,312],{"class":69},[55,75892,106],{"class":73},[55,75894,75895],{"class":69},":])",[55,75897,75898],{"class":133},"    # go to the end\n",[55,75900,75901,75903,75905,75907,75909,75911,75913],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,75902,121],{"class":120},[55,75904,103],{"class":69},[55,75906,94],{"class":99},[55,75908,74104],{"class":69},[55,75910,74],{"class":73},[55,75912,20593],{"class":69},[55,75914,75915],{"class":133},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75917,302],{},[46,75919,75921],{"className":48,"code":75920,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75922,75923,75939,75955,75971],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75924,75925,75927,75929,75931,75933,75935,75937],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75926,312],{"class":69},[55,75928,15904],{"class":73},[55,75930,77],{"class":69},[55,75932,7956],{"class":73},[55,75934,77],{"class":69},[55,75936,50988],{"class":73},[55,75938,88],{"class":69},[55,75940,75941,75943,75945,75947,75949,75951,75953],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,75942,312],{"class":69},[55,75944,800],{"class":73},[55,75946,77],{"class":69},[55,75948,7951],{"class":73},[55,75950,77],{"class":69},[55,75952,7956],{"class":73},[55,75954,88],{"class":69},[55,75956,75957,75959,75961,75963,75965,75967,75969],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,75958,312],{"class":69},[55,75960,36980],{"class":73},[55,75962,77],{"class":69},[55,75964,50988],{"class":73},[55,75966,77],{"class":69},[55,75968,5241],{"class":73},[55,75970,88],{"class":69},[55,75972,75973,75975,75977,75979,75981,75983,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,75974,312],{"class":69},[55,75976,800],{"class":73},[55,75978,77],{"class":69},[55,75980,7951],{"class":73},[55,75982,77],{"class":69},[55,75984,7956],{"class":73},[55,75986,77],{"class":69},[55,75988,50988],{"class":73},[55,75990,77],{"class":69},[55,75992,5241],{"class":73},[55,75994,88],{"class":69},[142,75996,75998],{"id":75997},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76000,76001],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[155,76003,76004,76013,76022,76033,76039],{},[158,76005,76006,76009,76010,6123],{},[15,76007,76008],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76011,76012],{},"n",[158,76014,76015,76018,76019,76021],{},[15,76016,76017],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76020,76012],{}," to the end",[158,76023,76024,76027,76028,76030,76031],{},[15,76025,76026],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76029,36],{}," up to ",[15,76032,285],{},[158,76034,76035,76038],{},[15,76036,76037],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[158,76040,76041,76044],{},[15,76042,76043],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76046,230],{},[46,76048,76050],{"className":48,"code":76049,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76051,76052,76085,76089,76106,76123,76144,76161],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76053,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072,76074,76076,76078,76080,76083],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76055,62],{"class":61},[55,76057,66],{"class":65},[55,76059,70],{"class":69},[55,76061,800],{"class":73},[55,76063,77],{"class":69},[55,76065,7951],{"class":73},[55,76067,77],{"class":69},[55,76069,7956],{"class":73},[55,76071,77],{"class":69},[55,76073,50988],{"class":73},[55,76075,77],{"class":69},[55,76077,5241],{"class":73},[55,76079,77],{"class":69},[55,76081,76082],{"class":73}," 60",[55,76084,88],{"class":69},[55,76086,76087],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,76088,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,76090,76091,76093,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,76092,121],{"class":120},[55,76094,103],{"class":69},[55,76096,94],{"class":99},[55,76098,75517],{"class":69},[55,76100,2223],{"class":73},[55,76102,20593],{"class":69},[55,76104,76105],{"class":133},"    # first 3 items\n",[55,76107,76108,76110,76112,76114,76116,76118,76120],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,76109,121],{"class":120},[55,76111,103],{"class":69},[55,76113,94],{"class":99},[55,76115,312],{"class":69},[55,76117,2223],{"class":73},[55,76119,75895],{"class":69},[55,76121,76122],{"class":133},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[55,76124,76125,76127,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,76126,121],{"class":120},[55,76128,103],{"class":69},[55,76130,94],{"class":99},[55,76132,312],{"class":69},[55,76134,74],{"class":73},[55,76136,153],{"class":69},[55,76138,2297],{"class":73},[55,76140,20593],{"class":69},[55,76142,76143],{"class":133},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[55,76145,76146,76148,76150,76152,76154,76156,76158],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,76147,121],{"class":120},[55,76149,103],{"class":69},[55,76151,94],{"class":99},[55,76153,74104],{"class":69},[55,76155,106],{"class":73},[55,76157,20593],{"class":69},[55,76159,76160],{"class":133},"   # every second item\n",[55,76162,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171,76173,76175,76177],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,76164,121],{"class":120},[55,76166,103],{"class":69},[55,76168,94],{"class":99},[55,76170,74104],{"class":69},[55,76172,903],{"class":65},[55,76174,74],{"class":73},[55,76176,20593],{"class":69},[55,76178,76179],{"class":133},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76181,302],{},[46,76183,76185],{"className":48,"code":76184,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76186,76187,76203,76219,76239,76255],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76188,76189,76191,76193,76195,76197,76199,76201],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76190,312],{"class":69},[55,76192,800],{"class":73},[55,76194,77],{"class":69},[55,76196,7951],{"class":73},[55,76198,77],{"class":69},[55,76200,7956],{"class":73},[55,76202,88],{"class":69},[55,76204,76205,76207,76209,76211,76213,76215,76217],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,76206,312],{"class":69},[55,76208,56819],{"class":73},[55,76210,77],{"class":69},[55,76212,5241],{"class":73},[55,76214,77],{"class":69},[55,76216,76082],{"class":73},[55,76218,88],{"class":69},[55,76220,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,76222,312],{"class":69},[55,76224,15904],{"class":73},[55,76226,77],{"class":69},[55,76228,7956],{"class":73},[55,76230,77],{"class":69},[55,76232,50988],{"class":73},[55,76234,77],{"class":69},[55,76236,5241],{"class":73},[55,76238,88],{"class":69},[55,76240,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249,76251,76253],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,76242,312],{"class":69},[55,76244,800],{"class":73},[55,76246,77],{"class":69},[55,76248,7956],{"class":73},[55,76250,77],{"class":69},[55,76252,5241],{"class":73},[55,76254,88],{"class":69},[55,76256,76257,76259,76262,76264,76266,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278,76280,76282],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,76258,312],{"class":69},[55,76260,76261],{"class":73},"60",[55,76263,77],{"class":69},[55,76265,5241],{"class":73},[55,76267,77],{"class":69},[55,76269,50988],{"class":73},[55,76271,77],{"class":69},[55,76273,7956],{"class":73},[55,76275,77],{"class":69},[55,76277,7951],{"class":73},[55,76279,77],{"class":69},[55,76281,6162],{"class":73},[55,76283,88],{"class":69},[20,76285,76286,76287,44],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[36,76288,15037],{"href":57343},[142,76290,76292],{"id":76291},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76294,76295],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76297,5631],{},[155,76299,76300,76306],{},[158,76301,76302,76305],{},[15,76303,76304],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[158,76307,76308,76311],{},[15,76309,76310],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76313,76314],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[46,76316,76318],{"className":48,"code":76317,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76319,76320,76368,76372,76391,76410],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76321,76322,76324,76326,76328,76330,76332,76334,76336,76338,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348,76350,76352,76354,76356,76358,76360,76362,76364,76366],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76323,240],{"class":61},[55,76325,66],{"class":65},[55,76327,70],{"class":69},[55,76329,248],{"class":247},[55,76331,36],{"class":251},[55,76333,248],{"class":247},[55,76335,77],{"class":69},[55,76337,258],{"class":247},[55,76339,285],{"class":251},[55,76341,248],{"class":247},[55,76343,77],{"class":69},[55,76345,258],{"class":247},[55,76347,261],{"class":251},[55,76349,248],{"class":247},[55,76351,77],{"class":69},[55,76353,258],{"class":247},[55,76355,886],{"class":251},[55,76357,248],{"class":247},[55,76359,77],{"class":69},[55,76361,258],{"class":247},[55,76363,60571],{"class":251},[55,76365,248],{"class":247},[55,76367,88],{"class":69},[55,76369,76370],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,76371,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,76373,76374,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,76375,121],{"class":120},[55,76377,103],{"class":69},[55,76379,270],{"class":99},[55,76381,312],{"class":69},[55,76383,903],{"class":65},[55,76385,74],{"class":73},[55,76387,20593],{"class":69},[55,76389,76390],{"class":133},"    # last item\n",[55,76392,76393,76395,76397,76399,76401,76403,76405,76407],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,76394,121],{"class":120},[55,76396,103],{"class":69},[55,76398,270],{"class":99},[55,76400,312],{"class":69},[55,76402,903],{"class":65},[55,76404,2223],{"class":73},[55,76406,75895],{"class":69},[55,76408,76409],{"class":133},"   # last 3 items\n",[55,76411,76412,76414,76416,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,76413,121],{"class":120},[55,76415,103],{"class":69},[55,76417,270],{"class":99},[55,76419,75517],{"class":69},[55,76421,903],{"class":65},[55,76423,74],{"class":73},[55,76425,20593],{"class":69},[55,76427,76428],{"class":133},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76430,302],{},[46,76432,76434],{"className":48,"code":76433,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76435,76436,76441,76469],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76437,76438],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76439,76440],{"class":61},"e\n",[55,76442,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457,76459,76461,76463,76465,76467],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,76444,312],{"class":69},[55,76446,315],{"class":247},[55,76448,261],{"class":251},[55,76450,315],{"class":247},[55,76452,77],{"class":69},[55,76454,324],{"class":247},[55,76456,886],{"class":251},[55,76458,315],{"class":247},[55,76460,77],{"class":69},[55,76462,324],{"class":247},[55,76464,60571],{"class":251},[55,76466,315],{"class":247},[55,76468,88],{"class":69},[55,76470,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,76472,312],{"class":69},[55,76474,315],{"class":247},[55,76476,36],{"class":251},[55,76478,315],{"class":247},[55,76480,77],{"class":69},[55,76482,324],{"class":247},[55,76484,285],{"class":251},[55,76486,315],{"class":247},[55,76488,77],{"class":69},[55,76490,324],{"class":247},[55,76492,261],{"class":251},[55,76494,315],{"class":247},[55,76496,77],{"class":69},[55,76498,324],{"class":247},[55,76500,886],{"class":251},[55,76502,315],{"class":247},[55,76504,88],{"class":69},[20,76506,13208],{},[155,76508,76509,76512,76516,76522,76528],{},[158,76510,76511],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[158,76513,76514,76305],{},[15,76515,76304],{},[158,76517,76518,76521],{},[15,76519,76520],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[158,76523,76524,76527],{},[15,76525,76526],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[158,76529,76530,76531,352,76533],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76532,36213],{},[15,76534,75408],{},[142,76536,76538],{"id":76537},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76540,568,76541,76543],{},[15,76542,75411],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[155,76545,76546,76549,76552,76557,76567],{},[158,76547,76548],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[158,76550,76551],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[158,76553,76554,76556],{},[15,76555,76043],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[158,76558,1833,76559,76561,76562,76564,76565],{},[15,76560,75411],{}," is negative, ",[15,76563,36213],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76566,75408],{},[158,76568,76569,76571,76572],{},[15,76570,75411],{}," cannot be ",[15,76573,227],{},[20,76575,76576],{},"Example with different step values:",[46,76578,76580],{"className":48,"code":76579,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76581,76582,76614,76618,76635,76657,76676],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76583,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76585,62],{"class":61},[55,76587,66],{"class":65},[55,76589,70],{"class":69},[55,76591,800],{"class":73},[55,76593,77],{"class":69},[55,76595,7951],{"class":73},[55,76597,77],{"class":69},[55,76599,7956],{"class":73},[55,76601,77],{"class":69},[55,76603,50988],{"class":73},[55,76605,77],{"class":69},[55,76607,5241],{"class":73},[55,76609,77],{"class":69},[55,76611,76082],{"class":73},[55,76613,88],{"class":69},[55,76615,76616],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,76617,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,76619,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628,76630,76632],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,76621,121],{"class":120},[55,76623,103],{"class":69},[55,76625,94],{"class":99},[55,76627,74104],{"class":69},[55,76629,106],{"class":73},[55,76631,20593],{"class":69},[55,76633,76634],{"class":133},"     # every second item\n",[55,76636,76637,76639,76641,76643,76645,76647,76650,76652,76654],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,76638,121],{"class":120},[55,76640,103],{"class":69},[55,76642,94],{"class":99},[55,76644,312],{"class":69},[55,76646,74],{"class":73},[55,76648,76649],{"class":69},"::",[55,76651,106],{"class":73},[55,76653,20593],{"class":69},[55,76655,76656],{"class":133},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[55,76658,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667,76669,76671,76673],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,76660,121],{"class":120},[55,76662,103],{"class":69},[55,76664,94],{"class":99},[55,76666,74104],{"class":69},[55,76668,903],{"class":65},[55,76670,74],{"class":73},[55,76672,20593],{"class":69},[55,76674,76675],{"class":133},"    # reverse the list\n",[55,76677,76678,76680,76682,76684,76686,76688,76690,76692,76694,76696,76698,76700],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,76679,121],{"class":120},[55,76681,103],{"class":69},[55,76683,94],{"class":99},[55,76685,312],{"class":69},[55,76687,2665],{"class":73},[55,76689,153],{"class":69},[55,76691,74],{"class":73},[55,76693,153],{"class":69},[55,76695,903],{"class":65},[55,76697,74],{"class":73},[55,76699,20593],{"class":69},[55,76701,76702],{"class":133},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76704,302],{},[46,76706,76708],{"className":48,"code":76707,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76709,76710,76726,76742,76770],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76711,76712,76714,76716,76718,76720,76722,76724],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76713,312],{"class":69},[55,76715,800],{"class":73},[55,76717,77],{"class":69},[55,76719,7956],{"class":73},[55,76721,77],{"class":69},[55,76723,5241],{"class":73},[55,76725,88],{"class":69},[55,76727,76728,76730,76732,76734,76736,76738,76740],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,76729,312],{"class":69},[55,76731,15904],{"class":73},[55,76733,77],{"class":69},[55,76735,50988],{"class":73},[55,76737,77],{"class":69},[55,76739,76082],{"class":73},[55,76741,88],{"class":69},[55,76743,76744,76746,76748,76750,76752,76754,76756,76758,76760,76762,76764,76766,76768],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,76745,312],{"class":69},[55,76747,76261],{"class":73},[55,76749,77],{"class":69},[55,76751,5241],{"class":73},[55,76753,77],{"class":69},[55,76755,50988],{"class":73},[55,76757,77],{"class":69},[55,76759,7956],{"class":73},[55,76761,77],{"class":69},[55,76763,7951],{"class":73},[55,76765,77],{"class":69},[55,76767,6162],{"class":73},[55,76769,88],{"class":69},[55,76771,76772,76774,76777,76779,76781,76783,76785],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,76773,312],{"class":69},[55,76775,76776],{"class":73},"50",[55,76778,77],{"class":69},[55,76780,50988],{"class":73},[55,76782,77],{"class":69},[55,76784,7956],{"class":73},[55,76786,88],{"class":69},[20,76788,76789,76790,44],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[36,76791,76792],{"href":74788},"how to reverse a list in Python",[577,76794,76796],{"id":76795},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76798,2999],{},[46,76800,76802],{"className":48,"code":76801,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76803,76804,76824],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76805,76806,76808,76810,76812,76814,76816,76818,76820,76822],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76807,62],{"class":61},[55,76809,66],{"class":65},[55,76811,70],{"class":69},[55,76813,74],{"class":73},[55,76815,77],{"class":69},[55,76817,80],{"class":73},[55,76819,77],{"class":69},[55,76821,111],{"class":73},[55,76823,88],{"class":69},[55,76825,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834,76836],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,76827,121],{"class":120},[55,76829,103],{"class":69},[55,76831,94],{"class":99},[55,76833,74104],{"class":69},[55,76835,227],{"class":73},[55,76837,1777],{"class":69},[20,76839,76840,76841,76843,76844,76846],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76842,40845],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76845,227],{}," does not make sense.",[142,76848,76850],{"id":76849},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76852,76853],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[577,76855,76857],{"id":76856},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[46,76859,76861],{"className":48,"code":76860,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76862,76863,76887,76891],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76864,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76875,76877,76879,76881,76883,76885],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76866,62],{"class":61},[55,76868,66],{"class":65},[55,76870,70],{"class":69},[55,76872,800],{"class":73},[55,76874,77],{"class":69},[55,76876,7951],{"class":73},[55,76878,77],{"class":69},[55,76880,7956],{"class":73},[55,76882,77],{"class":69},[55,76884,50988],{"class":73},[55,76886,88],{"class":69},[55,76888,76889],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,76890,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,76892,76893,76895,76897,76899,76901,76903],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,76894,121],{"class":120},[55,76896,103],{"class":69},[55,76898,94],{"class":99},[55,76900,312],{"class":69},[55,76902,106],{"class":73},[55,76904,1777],{"class":69},[20,76906,302],{},[46,76908,76909],{"className":48,"code":69822,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,76910,76911],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76912,76913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76914,69822],{"class":73},[577,76916,76918],{"id":76917},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[46,76920,76922],{"className":48,"code":76921,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76923,76924,76948,76952],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76925,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934,76936,76938,76940,76942,76944,76946],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76927,62],{"class":61},[55,76929,66],{"class":65},[55,76931,70],{"class":69},[55,76933,800],{"class":73},[55,76935,77],{"class":69},[55,76937,7951],{"class":73},[55,76939,77],{"class":69},[55,76941,7956],{"class":73},[55,76943,77],{"class":69},[55,76945,50988],{"class":73},[55,76947,88],{"class":69},[55,76949,76950],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,76951,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,76953,76954,76956,76958,76960,76962,76964,76966,76968],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,76955,121],{"class":120},[55,76957,103],{"class":69},[55,76959,94],{"class":99},[55,76961,312],{"class":69},[55,76963,106],{"class":73},[55,76965,153],{"class":69},[55,76967,2223],{"class":73},[55,76969,1777],{"class":69},[20,76971,302],{},[46,76973,76975],{"className":48,"code":76974,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[30]\n",[15,76976,76977],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76978,76979,76981,76983],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76980,312],{"class":69},[55,76982,36980],{"class":73},[55,76984,88],{"class":69},[20,76986,13913],{},[155,76988,76989,76995],{},[158,76990,76991,76994],{},[15,76992,76993],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[158,76996,76997,77000],{},[15,76998,76999],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77002,77003],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[155,77005,77006,77009],{},[158,77007,77008],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[158,77010,77011],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77013,230],{},[46,77015,77017],{"className":48,"code":77016,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77018,77019,77039,77043],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77020,77021,77023,77025,77027,77029,77031,77033,77035,77037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77022,62],{"class":61},[55,77024,66],{"class":65},[55,77026,70],{"class":69},[55,77028,800],{"class":73},[55,77030,77],{"class":69},[55,77032,7951],{"class":73},[55,77034,77],{"class":69},[55,77036,7956],{"class":73},[55,77038,88],{"class":69},[55,77040,77041],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,77042,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,77044,77045,77047,77049,77051,77053,77055,77057,77059],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,77046,121],{"class":120},[55,77048,103],{"class":69},[55,77050,94],{"class":99},[55,77052,312],{"class":69},[55,77054,2297],{"class":73},[55,77056,153],{"class":69},[55,77058,800],{"class":73},[55,77060,1777],{"class":69},[20,77062,302],{},[46,77064,77065],{"className":48,"code":38437,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,77066,77067],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77068,77069],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77070,38437],{"class":69},[20,77072,77073],{},"But this would raise an error:",[46,77075,77077],{"className":48,"code":77076,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77078,77079,77099,77103],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77080,77081,77083,77085,77087,77089,77091,77093,77095,77097],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77082,62],{"class":61},[55,77084,66],{"class":65},[55,77086,70],{"class":69},[55,77088,800],{"class":73},[55,77090,77],{"class":69},[55,77092,7951],{"class":73},[55,77094,77],{"class":69},[55,77096,7956],{"class":73},[55,77098,88],{"class":69},[55,77100,77101],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,77102,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,77104,77105,77107,77109,77111,77113,77115],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,77106,121],{"class":120},[55,77108,103],{"class":69},[55,77110,94],{"class":99},[55,77112,312],{"class":69},[55,77114,2297],{"class":73},[55,77116,1777],{"class":69},[20,77118,77119,77120,44],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[36,77121,69241],{"href":69240},[142,77123,15326],{"id":77124},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77126,77127],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[155,77129,77130,77134,77136,77139,77145],{},[158,77131,4865,77132,75723],{},[15,77133,75408],{},[158,77135,60816],{},[158,77137,77138],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[158,77140,37343,77141,8866,77143],{},[15,77142,76043],{},[15,77144,73508],{},[158,77146,77147,77148,77150],{},"Using step ",[15,77149,227],{},", which causes an error",[577,77152,77154],{"id":77153},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[46,77156,77158],{"className":48,"code":77157,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77159,77160,77188],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77161,77162,77164,77166,77168,77170,77172,77174,77176,77178,77180,77182,77184,77186],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77163,62],{"class":61},[55,77165,66],{"class":65},[55,77167,70],{"class":69},[55,77169,800],{"class":73},[55,77171,77],{"class":69},[55,77173,7951],{"class":73},[55,77175,77],{"class":69},[55,77177,7956],{"class":73},[55,77179,77],{"class":69},[55,77181,50988],{"class":73},[55,77183,77],{"class":69},[55,77185,5241],{"class":73},[55,77187,88],{"class":69},[55,77189,77190,77192,77194,77196,77198,77200,77202,77204],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,77191,121],{"class":120},[55,77193,103],{"class":69},[55,77195,94],{"class":99},[55,77197,312],{"class":69},[55,77199,74],{"class":73},[55,77201,153],{"class":69},[55,77203,2665],{"class":73},[55,77205,1777],{"class":69},[20,77207,77208],{},"This returns:",[46,77210,77212],{"className":48,"code":77211,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77213,77214],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77215,77216,77218,77220,77222,77224,77226,77228],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77217,312],{"class":69},[55,77219,15904],{"class":73},[55,77221,77],{"class":69},[55,77223,7956],{"class":73},[55,77225,77],{"class":69},[55,77227,50988],{"class":73},[55,77229,88],{"class":69},[20,77231,41047,77232,77234,77235,77237,77238,44],{},[1966,77233,1968],{}," include ",[15,77236,76776],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77239,2665],{},[577,77241,77243],{"id":77242},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77245,1343],{},[46,77247,77249],{"className":48,"code":77248,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77250,77251,77271],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77252,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263,77265,77267,77269],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77254,62],{"class":61},[55,77256,66],{"class":65},[55,77258,70],{"class":69},[55,77260,800],{"class":73},[55,77262,77],{"class":69},[55,77264,7951],{"class":73},[55,77266,77],{"class":69},[55,77268,7956],{"class":73},[55,77270,88],{"class":69},[55,77272,77273],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,77274,77275],{"class":133},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77277,77278],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[46,77280,77282],{"className":48,"code":77281,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77283,77284],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77285,77286,77288,77290,77292,77294,77296,77298,77300],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77287,121],{"class":120},[55,77289,103],{"class":69},[55,77291,94],{"class":99},[55,77293,312],{"class":69},[55,77295,74],{"class":73},[55,77297,153],{"class":69},[55,77299,2223],{"class":73},[55,77301,1777],{"class":69},[577,77303,77305],{"id":77304},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77307,77308],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[46,77310,77312],{"className":48,"code":77311,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77313,77314,77338,77352,77356,77366],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77315,77316,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326,77328,77330,77332,77334,77336],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77317,62],{"class":61},[55,77319,66],{"class":65},[55,77321,70],{"class":69},[55,77323,800],{"class":73},[55,77325,77],{"class":69},[55,77327,7951],{"class":73},[55,77329,77],{"class":69},[55,77331,7956],{"class":73},[55,77333,77],{"class":69},[55,77335,50988],{"class":73},[55,77337,88],{"class":69},[55,77339,77340,77342,77344,77346,77348,77350],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,77341,75641],{"class":61},[55,77343,66],{"class":65},[55,77345,1260],{"class":61},[55,77347,75517],{"class":69},[55,77349,106],{"class":73},[55,77351,88],{"class":69},[55,77353,77354],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,77355,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,77357,77358,77360,77362,77364],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,77359,121],{"class":120},[55,77361,103],{"class":69},[55,77363,75664],{"class":99},[55,77365,114],{"class":69},[55,77367,77368,77370,77372,77374],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,77369,121],{"class":120},[55,77371,103],{"class":69},[55,77373,94],{"class":99},[55,77375,114],{"class":69},[20,77377,302],{},[46,77379,77381],{"className":48,"code":77380,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77382,77383,77395],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77384,77385,77387,77389,77391,77393],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77386,312],{"class":69},[55,77388,800],{"class":73},[55,77390,77],{"class":69},[55,77392,7951],{"class":73},[55,77394,88],{"class":69},[55,77396,77397,77399,77401,77403,77405,77407,77409,77411,77413],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,77398,312],{"class":69},[55,77400,800],{"class":73},[55,77402,77],{"class":69},[55,77404,7951],{"class":73},[55,77406,77],{"class":69},[55,77408,7956],{"class":73},[55,77410,77],{"class":69},[55,77412,50988],{"class":73},[55,77414,88],{"class":69},[20,77416,77417],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[577,77419,77421,77422,8866,77424],{"id":77420},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77423,76043],{},[15,77425,73508],{},[46,77427,77429],{"className":48,"code":77428,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77430,77431,77451,77455,77472,77483],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77432,77433,77435,77437,77439,77441,77443,77445,77447,77449],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77434,62],{"class":61},[55,77436,66],{"class":65},[55,77438,70],{"class":69},[55,77440,800],{"class":73},[55,77442,77],{"class":69},[55,77444,7951],{"class":73},[55,77446,77],{"class":69},[55,77448,7956],{"class":73},[55,77450,88],{"class":69},[55,77452,77453],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,77454,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,77456,77457,77460,77462,77464,77466,77468,77470],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,77458,77459],{"class":61},"reversed_copy ",[55,77461,66],{"class":65},[55,77463,1260],{"class":61},[55,77465,74104],{"class":69},[55,77467,903],{"class":65},[55,77469,74],{"class":73},[55,77471,88],{"class":69},[55,77473,77474,77476,77478,77481],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,77475,121],{"class":120},[55,77477,103],{"class":69},[55,77479,77480],{"class":99},"reversed_copy",[55,77482,114],{"class":69},[55,77484,77485,77487,77489,77491],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,77486,121],{"class":120},[55,77488,103],{"class":69},[55,77490,94],{"class":99},[55,77492,114],{"class":69},[20,77494,302],{},[46,77496,77498],{"className":48,"code":77497,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77499,77500,77516],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77501,77502,77504,77506,77508,77510,77512,77514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77503,312],{"class":69},[55,77505,36980],{"class":73},[55,77507,77],{"class":69},[55,77509,7951],{"class":73},[55,77511,77],{"class":69},[55,77513,6162],{"class":73},[55,77515,88],{"class":69},[55,77517,77518,77520,77522,77524,77526,77528,77530],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,77519,312],{"class":69},[55,77521,800],{"class":73},[55,77523,77],{"class":69},[55,77525,7951],{"class":73},[55,77527,77],{"class":69},[55,77529,7956],{"class":73},[55,77531,88],{"class":69},[20,77533,77534,77537],{},[15,77535,77536],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77539,77540,77541,77544],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77542,77543],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[577,77546,77548],{"id":77547},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77550,77551],{},"This is not allowed:",[46,77553,77555],{"className":48,"code":77554,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77556,77557,77577],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77558,77559,77561,77563,77565,77567,77569,77571,77573,77575],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77560,62],{"class":61},[55,77562,66],{"class":65},[55,77564,70],{"class":69},[55,77566,800],{"class":73},[55,77568,77],{"class":69},[55,77570,7951],{"class":73},[55,77572,77],{"class":69},[55,77574,7956],{"class":73},[55,77576,88],{"class":69},[55,77578,77579],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,77580,77581],{"class":133},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77583,77584,77585,44],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77586,40845],{},[142,77588,77590],{"id":77589},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77592,77593],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[155,77595,77596,77603,77609,77612,77615],{},[158,77597,37343,77598,352,77600,77602],{},[15,77599,36213],{},[15,77601,75408],{}," positions",[158,77604,77605,77606,77608],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77607,75408],{}," index is included",[158,77610,77611],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[158,77613,77614],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[158,77616,77617],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77619,77620],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[46,77622,77624],{"className":48,"code":77623,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77625,77626,77636,77650,77668,77682,77699],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77627,77628,77630,77632,77634],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77629,121],{"class":120},[55,77631,103],{"class":69},[55,77633,192],{"class":99},[55,77635,114],{"class":69},[55,77637,77638,77640,77642,77644,77646,77648],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,77639,121],{"class":120},[55,77641,103],{"class":69},[55,77643,1860],{"class":120},[55,77645,103],{"class":69},[55,77647,192],{"class":99},[55,77649,1867],{"class":69},[55,77651,77652,77654,77656,77658,77660,77662,77664,77666],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,77653,121],{"class":120},[55,77655,103],{"class":69},[55,77657,192],{"class":99},[55,77659,312],{"class":69},[55,77661,74],{"class":73},[55,77663,153],{"class":69},[55,77665,2665],{"class":73},[55,77667,1777],{"class":69},[55,77669,77670,77672,77674,77676,77678,77680],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,77671,121],{"class":120},[55,77673,103],{"class":69},[55,77675,192],{"class":99},[55,77677,75517],{"class":69},[55,77679,2223],{"class":73},[55,77681,1777],{"class":69},[55,77683,77684,77686,77688,77690,77692,77694,77696],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,77685,121],{"class":120},[55,77687,103],{"class":69},[55,77689,192],{"class":99},[55,77691,312],{"class":69},[55,77693,903],{"class":65},[55,77695,2223],{"class":73},[55,77697,77698],{"class":69},":])\n",[55,77700,77701,77703,77705,77707,77709,77711,77713],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,77702,121],{"class":120},[55,77704,103],{"class":69},[55,77706,192],{"class":99},[55,77708,74104],{"class":69},[55,77710,903],{"class":65},[55,77712,74],{"class":73},[55,77714,1777],{"class":69},[20,77716,8578,77717,77719,77720,77724],{},[15,77718,42503],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[36,77721,77723],{"href":77722},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[142,77726,1986],{"id":1985},[577,77728,77730],{"id":77729},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77732,77733],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[577,77735,77737],{"id":77736},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77739,77740],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[577,77742,5303,77744,40101],{"id":77743},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77745,76043],{},[20,77747,77748],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[577,77750,77752,77753,2027],{"id":77751},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77754,70713],{},[20,77756,77757],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[142,77759,2039],{"id":2038},[155,77761,77762,77767,77772,77776,77780,77784],{},[158,77763,77764],{},[36,77765,77766],{"href":974},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[158,77768,77769],{},[36,77770,77771],{"href":1981},"How to create a list in Python",[158,77773,77774],{},[36,77775,15114],{"href":57343},[158,77777,77778],{},[36,77779,74789],{"href":74788},[158,77781,77782],{},[36,77783,77723],{"href":77722},[158,77785,77786],{},[36,77787,69241],{"href":69240},[20,77789,77790,77791,77793],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77792,42503],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2080,77795,77796],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":77798},[77799,77800,77801,77802,77803,77804,77807,77811,77819,77820,77828],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":75572,"depth":91,"text":75573},{"id":75735,"depth":91,"text":75736},{"id":75997,"depth":91,"text":75998},{"id":76291,"depth":91,"text":76292},{"id":76537,"depth":91,"text":76538,"children":77805},[77806],{"id":76795,"depth":117,"text":76796},{"id":76849,"depth":91,"text":76850,"children":77808},[77809,77810],{"id":76856,"depth":117,"text":76857},{"id":76917,"depth":117,"text":76918},{"id":77124,"depth":91,"text":15326,"children":77812},[77813,77814,77815,77816,77818],{"id":77153,"depth":117,"text":77154},{"id":77242,"depth":117,"text":77243},{"id":77304,"depth":117,"text":77305},{"id":77420,"depth":117,"text":77817},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77547,"depth":117,"text":77548},{"id":77589,"depth":91,"text":77590},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":77821},[77822,77823,77824,77826],{"id":77729,"depth":117,"text":77730},{"id":77736,"depth":117,"text":77737},{"id":77743,"depth":117,"text":77825},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77751,"depth":117,"text":77827},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75395,"description":77829},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77836,"title":77837,"body":77838,"description":79907,"extension":2124,"meta":79908,"navigation":428,"path":79909,"seo":79910,"stem":79911,"__hash__":79912},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77839,"toc":79873},[77840,77845,77851,77857,77859,77906,77913,77918,77922,77937,77940,77993,77995,78020,78025,78027,78059,78062,78078,78080,78141,78143,78168,78172,78177,78230,78232,78257,78262,78323,78325,78350,78353,78360,78364,78367,78428,78430,78463,78466,78527,78529,78562,78568,78641,78643,78675,78682,78687,78692,78694,78706,78709,78787,78789,78830,78833,78907,78909,78942,78947,78954,78961,78965,78974,78978,78986,78988,79055,79057,79093,79098,79109,79111,79116,79121,79123,79186,79188,79213,79220,79225,79229,79232,79272,79277,79283,79288,79290,79317,79322,79325,79372,79374,79431,79438,79443,79449,79518,79522,79525,79588,79590,79623,79628,79630,79633,79714,79716,79740,79746,79748,79753,79757,79764,79772,79776,79778,79801,79805,79807,79834,79837,79844,79847,79849,79870],[10,77841,13,77843,18],{"id":77842},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77844,64436],{},[20,77846,77847,77850],{},[15,77848,77849],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77852,77853,77854,77856],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77855,64436],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[142,77858,2165],{"id":2164},[46,77860,77862],{"className":48,"code":77861,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77863,77864,77884,77894],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77865,77866,77868,77870,77872,77874,77876,77878,77880,77882],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77867,62],{"class":61},[55,77869,66],{"class":65},[55,77871,70],{"class":69},[55,77873,2223],{"class":73},[55,77875,77],{"class":69},[55,77877,630],{"class":73},[55,77879,77],{"class":69},[55,77881,80],{"class":73},[55,77883,88],{"class":69},[55,77885,77886,77888,77890,77892],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,77887,94],{"class":61},[55,77889,44],{"class":69},[55,77891,34941],{"class":99},[55,77893,8804],{"class":69},[55,77895,77896,77898,77900,77902,77904],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,77897,121],{"class":120},[55,77899,103],{"class":69},[55,77901,94],{"class":99},[55,77903,3825],{"class":69},[55,77905,55061],{"class":133},[20,77907,31,77908,77910,77911,44],{},[15,77909,77849],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77912,172],{},[142,77914,145,77916,148],{"id":77915},"what-listsort-does",[15,77917,77849],{},[20,77919,77920,153],{},[15,77921,77849],{},[155,77923,77924,77927,77930,77934],{},[158,77925,77926],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[158,77928,77929],{},"Changes the original list",[158,77931,169,77932],{},[15,77933,172],{},[158,77935,77936],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77938,77939],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[46,77941,77943],{"className":48,"code":77942,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77944,77945,77969,77979,77983],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77946,77947,77949,77951,77953,77955,77957,77959,77961,77963,77965,77967],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77948,62],{"class":61},[55,77950,66],{"class":65},[55,77952,70],{"class":69},[55,77954,2297],{"class":73},[55,77956,77],{"class":69},[55,77958,80],{"class":73},[55,77960,77],{"class":69},[55,77962,54271],{"class":73},[55,77964,77],{"class":69},[55,77966,630],{"class":73},[55,77968,88],{"class":69},[55,77970,77971,77973,77975,77977],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,77972,94],{"class":61},[55,77974,44],{"class":69},[55,77976,34941],{"class":99},[55,77978,8804],{"class":69},[55,77980,77981],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,77982,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,77984,77985,77987,77989,77991],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,77986,121],{"class":120},[55,77988,103],{"class":69},[55,77990,94],{"class":99},[55,77992,114],{"class":69},[20,77994,302],{},[46,77996,77998],{"className":48,"code":77997,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77999,78000],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78001,78002,78004,78006,78008,78010,78012,78014,78016,78018],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78003,312],{"class":69},[55,78005,74],{"class":73},[55,78007,77],{"class":69},[55,78009,80],{"class":73},[55,78011,77],{"class":69},[55,78013,4766],{"class":73},[55,78015,77],{"class":69},[55,78017,54271],{"class":73},[55,78019,88],{"class":69},[20,78021,78022,78023,44],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[36,78024,975],{"href":974},[142,78026,2319],{"id":2318},[46,78028,78030],{"className":48,"code":78029,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78031,78032],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78033,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048,78050,78053,78055,78057],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78035,192],{"class":61},[55,78037,44],{"class":69},[55,78039,34941],{"class":99},[55,78041,103],{"class":69},[55,78043,14990],{"class":9337},[55,78045,66],{"class":65},[55,78047,172],{"class":1312},[55,78049,77],{"class":69},[55,78051,78052],{"class":9337}," reverse",[55,78054,66],{"class":65},[55,78056,3838],{"class":1312},[55,78058,114],{"class":69},[20,78060,78061],{},"Main arguments:",[155,78063,78064,78069,78075],{},[158,78065,78066,78068],{},[15,78067,14990],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[158,78070,78071,78074],{},[15,78072,78073],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[158,78076,78077],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78079,230],{},[46,78081,78083],{"className":48,"code":78082,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78084,78085,78109,78127,78131],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78086,78087,78089,78091,78093,78095,78097,78099,78101,78103,78105,78107],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78088,62],{"class":61},[55,78090,66],{"class":65},[55,78092,70],{"class":69},[55,78094,2665],{"class":73},[55,78096,77],{"class":69},[55,78098,630],{"class":73},[55,78100,77],{"class":69},[55,78102,6151],{"class":73},[55,78104,77],{"class":69},[55,78106,80],{"class":73},[55,78108,88],{"class":69},[55,78110,78111,78113,78115,78117,78119,78121,78123,78125],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,78112,94],{"class":61},[55,78114,44],{"class":69},[55,78116,34941],{"class":99},[55,78118,103],{"class":69},[55,78120,73559],{"class":9337},[55,78122,66],{"class":65},[55,78124,3769],{"class":1312},[55,78126,114],{"class":69},[55,78128,78129],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,78130,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,78132,78133,78135,78137,78139],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,78134,121],{"class":120},[55,78136,103],{"class":69},[55,78138,94],{"class":99},[55,78140,114],{"class":69},[20,78142,302],{},[46,78144,78146],{"className":48,"code":78145,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78147,78148],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78149,78150,78152,78154,78156,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78151,312],{"class":69},[55,78153,2186],{"class":73},[55,78155,77],{"class":69},[55,78157,85],{"class":73},[55,78159,77],{"class":69},[55,78161,80],{"class":73},[55,78163,77],{"class":69},[55,78165,630],{"class":73},[55,78167,88],{"class":69},[142,78169,78171],{"id":78170},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78173,31,78174,78176],{},[15,78175,64436],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[46,78178,78180],{"className":48,"code":78179,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78181,78182,78206,78216,78220],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78183,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200,78202,78204],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78185,62],{"class":61},[55,78187,66],{"class":65},[55,78189,70],{"class":69},[55,78191,800],{"class":73},[55,78193,77],{"class":69},[55,78195,111],{"class":73},[55,78197,77],{"class":69},[55,78199,6518],{"class":73},[55,78201,77],{"class":69},[55,78203,630],{"class":73},[55,78205,88],{"class":69},[55,78207,78208,78210,78212,78214],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,78209,94],{"class":61},[55,78211,44],{"class":69},[55,78213,34941],{"class":99},[55,78215,8804],{"class":69},[55,78217,78218],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,78219,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,78221,78222,78224,78226,78228],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,78223,121],{"class":120},[55,78225,103],{"class":69},[55,78227,94],{"class":99},[55,78229,114],{"class":69},[20,78231,302],{},[46,78233,78235],{"className":48,"code":78234,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78236,78237],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78238,78239,78241,78243,78245,78247,78249,78251,78253,78255],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78240,312],{"class":69},[55,78242,74],{"class":73},[55,78244,77],{"class":69},[55,78246,111],{"class":73},[55,78248,77],{"class":69},[55,78250,6518],{"class":73},[55,78252,77],{"class":69},[55,78254,6162],{"class":73},[55,78256,88],{"class":69},[20,78258,31,78259,78261],{},[15,78260,78073],{}," for descending order:",[46,78263,78265],{"className":48,"code":78264,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78266,78267,78291,78309,78313],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78268,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287,78289],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78270,62],{"class":61},[55,78272,66],{"class":65},[55,78274,70],{"class":69},[55,78276,800],{"class":73},[55,78278,77],{"class":69},[55,78280,111],{"class":73},[55,78282,77],{"class":69},[55,78284,6518],{"class":73},[55,78286,77],{"class":69},[55,78288,630],{"class":73},[55,78290,88],{"class":69},[55,78292,78293,78295,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,78294,94],{"class":61},[55,78296,44],{"class":69},[55,78298,34941],{"class":99},[55,78300,103],{"class":69},[55,78302,73559],{"class":9337},[55,78304,66],{"class":65},[55,78306,3769],{"class":1312},[55,78308,114],{"class":69},[55,78310,78311],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,78312,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,78314,78315,78317,78319,78321],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,78316,121],{"class":120},[55,78318,103],{"class":69},[55,78320,94],{"class":99},[55,78322,114],{"class":69},[20,78324,302],{},[46,78326,78328],{"className":48,"code":78327,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78329,78330],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78331,78332,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342,78344,78346,78348],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78333,312],{"class":69},[55,78335,800],{"class":73},[55,78337,77],{"class":69},[55,78339,6518],{"class":73},[55,78341,77],{"class":69},[55,78343,111],{"class":73},[55,78345,77],{"class":69},[55,78347,630],{"class":73},[55,78349,88],{"class":69},[20,78351,78352],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78354,78355,78356,44],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[36,78357,78359],{"href":78358},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[142,78361,78363],{"id":78362},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78365,78366],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[46,78368,78370],{"className":48,"code":78369,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78371,78372,78404,78414,78418],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78373,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78375,4234],{"class":61},[55,78377,66],{"class":65},[55,78379,70],{"class":69},[55,78381,248],{"class":247},[55,78383,1072],{"class":251},[55,78385,248],{"class":247},[55,78387,77],{"class":69},[55,78389,258],{"class":247},[55,78391,1035],{"class":251},[55,78393,248],{"class":247},[55,78395,77],{"class":69},[55,78397,258],{"class":247},[55,78399,4259],{"class":251},[55,78401,248],{"class":247},[55,78403,88],{"class":69},[55,78405,78406,78408,78410,78412],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,78407,4276],{"class":61},[55,78409,44],{"class":69},[55,78411,34941],{"class":99},[55,78413,8804],{"class":69},[55,78415,78416],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,78417,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,78419,78420,78422,78424,78426],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,78421,121],{"class":120},[55,78423,103],{"class":69},[55,78425,4276],{"class":99},[55,78427,114],{"class":69},[20,78429,302],{},[46,78431,78433],{"className":48,"code":78432,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78434,78435],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78436,78437,78439,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455,78457,78459,78461],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78438,312],{"class":69},[55,78440,315],{"class":247},[55,78442,1035],{"class":251},[55,78444,315],{"class":247},[55,78446,77],{"class":69},[55,78448,324],{"class":247},[55,78450,1072],{"class":251},[55,78452,315],{"class":247},[55,78454,77],{"class":69},[55,78456,324],{"class":247},[55,78458,4259],{"class":251},[55,78460,315],{"class":247},[55,78462,88],{"class":69},[20,78464,78465],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[46,78467,78469],{"className":48,"code":78468,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78470,78471,78503,78513,78517],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78472,78473,78475,78477,78479,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493,78495,78497,78499,78501],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78474,4234],{"class":61},[55,78476,66],{"class":65},[55,78478,70],{"class":69},[55,78480,248],{"class":247},[55,78482,1072],{"class":251},[55,78484,248],{"class":247},[55,78486,77],{"class":69},[55,78488,258],{"class":247},[55,78490,57891],{"class":251},[55,78492,248],{"class":247},[55,78494,77],{"class":69},[55,78496,258],{"class":247},[55,78498,4259],{"class":251},[55,78500,248],{"class":247},[55,78502,88],{"class":69},[55,78504,78505,78507,78509,78511],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,78506,4276],{"class":61},[55,78508,44],{"class":69},[55,78510,34941],{"class":99},[55,78512,8804],{"class":69},[55,78514,78515],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,78516,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,78518,78519,78521,78523,78525],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,78520,121],{"class":120},[55,78522,103],{"class":69},[55,78524,4276],{"class":99},[55,78526,114],{"class":69},[20,78528,302],{},[46,78530,78532],{"className":48,"code":78531,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78533,78534],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78535,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78537,312],{"class":69},[55,78539,315],{"class":247},[55,78541,57891],{"class":251},[55,78543,315],{"class":247},[55,78545,77],{"class":69},[55,78547,324],{"class":247},[55,78549,1072],{"class":251},[55,78551,315],{"class":247},[55,78553,77],{"class":69},[55,78555,324],{"class":247},[55,78557,4259],{"class":251},[55,78559,315],{"class":247},[55,78561,88],{"class":69},[20,78563,78564,78565,153],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78566,78567],{},"key=str.lower",[46,78569,78571],{"className":48,"code":78570,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78572,78573,78605,78627,78631],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78574,78575,78577,78579,78581,78583,78585,78587,78589,78591,78593,78595,78597,78599,78601,78603],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78576,4234],{"class":61},[55,78578,66],{"class":65},[55,78580,70],{"class":69},[55,78582,248],{"class":247},[55,78584,1072],{"class":251},[55,78586,248],{"class":247},[55,78588,77],{"class":69},[55,78590,258],{"class":247},[55,78592,57891],{"class":251},[55,78594,248],{"class":247},[55,78596,77],{"class":69},[55,78598,258],{"class":247},[55,78600,4259],{"class":251},[55,78602,248],{"class":247},[55,78604,88],{"class":69},[55,78606,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619,78621,78623,78625],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,78608,4276],{"class":61},[55,78610,44],{"class":69},[55,78612,34941],{"class":99},[55,78614,103],{"class":69},[55,78616,14990],{"class":9337},[55,78618,66],{"class":65},[55,78620,3607],{"class":1898},[55,78622,44],{"class":69},[55,78624,8801],{"class":1880},[55,78626,114],{"class":69},[55,78628,78629],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,78630,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,78632,78633,78635,78637,78639],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,78634,121],{"class":120},[55,78636,103],{"class":69},[55,78638,4276],{"class":99},[55,78640,114],{"class":69},[20,78642,302],{},[46,78644,78645],{"className":48,"code":78531,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,78646,78647],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78648,78649,78651,78653,78655,78657,78659,78661,78663,78665,78667,78669,78671,78673],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78650,312],{"class":69},[55,78652,315],{"class":247},[55,78654,57891],{"class":251},[55,78656,315],{"class":247},[55,78658,77],{"class":69},[55,78660,324],{"class":247},[55,78662,1072],{"class":251},[55,78664,315],{"class":247},[55,78666,77],{"class":69},[55,78668,324],{"class":247},[55,78670,4259],{"class":251},[55,78672,315],{"class":247},[55,78674,88],{"class":69},[20,78676,78677,78678,78681],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78679,78680],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[142,78683,36751,78685,36754],{"id":78684},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78686,14990],{},[20,78688,568,78689,78691],{},[15,78690,14990],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78693,7503],{},[155,78695,78696,78701],{},[158,78697,78698,78700],{},[15,78699,1860],{}," to sort by length",[158,78702,78703,78705],{},[15,78704,78680],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78707,78708],{},"Sort words by length:",[46,78710,78712],{"className":48,"code":78711,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78713,78714,78755,78773,78777],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78715,78716,78718,78720,78722,78724,78727,78729,78731,78733,78735,78737,78739,78741,78743,78745,78747,78749,78751,78753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78717,4234],{"class":61},[55,78719,66],{"class":65},[55,78721,70],{"class":69},[55,78723,248],{"class":247},[55,78725,78726],{"class":251},"pear",[55,78728,248],{"class":247},[55,78730,77],{"class":69},[55,78732,258],{"class":247},[55,78734,1072],{"class":251},[55,78736,248],{"class":247},[55,78738,77],{"class":69},[55,78740,258],{"class":247},[55,78742,38498],{"class":251},[55,78744,248],{"class":247},[55,78746,77],{"class":69},[55,78748,258],{"class":247},[55,78750,1035],{"class":251},[55,78752,248],{"class":247},[55,78754,88],{"class":69},[55,78756,78757,78759,78761,78763,78765,78767,78769,78771],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,78758,4276],{"class":61},[55,78760,44],{"class":69},[55,78762,34941],{"class":99},[55,78764,103],{"class":69},[55,78766,14990],{"class":9337},[55,78768,66],{"class":65},[55,78770,1860],{"class":120},[55,78772,114],{"class":69},[55,78774,78775],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,78776,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,78778,78779,78781,78783,78785],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,78780,121],{"class":120},[55,78782,103],{"class":69},[55,78784,4276],{"class":99},[55,78786,114],{"class":69},[20,78788,302],{},[46,78790,78792],{"className":48,"code":78791,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78793,78794],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78795,78796,78798,78800,78802,78804,78806,78808,78810,78812,78814,78816,78818,78820,78822,78824,78826,78828],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78797,312],{"class":69},[55,78799,315],{"class":247},[55,78801,38498],{"class":251},[55,78803,315],{"class":247},[55,78805,77],{"class":69},[55,78807,324],{"class":247},[55,78809,78726],{"class":251},[55,78811,315],{"class":247},[55,78813,77],{"class":69},[55,78815,324],{"class":247},[55,78817,1035],{"class":251},[55,78819,315],{"class":247},[55,78821,77],{"class":69},[55,78823,324],{"class":247},[55,78825,1072],{"class":251},[55,78827,315],{"class":247},[55,78829,88],{"class":69},[20,78831,78832],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[46,78834,78836],{"className":48,"code":78835,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78837,78838,78871,78893,78897],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78839,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850,78852,78854,78856,78858,78860,78862,78864,78867,78869],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78841,4234],{"class":61},[55,78843,66],{"class":65},[55,78845,70],{"class":69},[55,78847,248],{"class":247},[55,78849,5173],{"class":251},[55,78851,248],{"class":247},[55,78853,77],{"class":69},[55,78855,258],{"class":247},[55,78857,17952],{"class":251},[55,78859,248],{"class":247},[55,78861,77],{"class":69},[55,78863,258],{"class":247},[55,78865,78866],{"class":251},"Carol",[55,78868,248],{"class":247},[55,78870,88],{"class":69},[55,78872,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885,78887,78889,78891],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,78874,4276],{"class":61},[55,78876,44],{"class":69},[55,78878,34941],{"class":99},[55,78880,103],{"class":69},[55,78882,14990],{"class":9337},[55,78884,66],{"class":65},[55,78886,3607],{"class":1898},[55,78888,44],{"class":69},[55,78890,8801],{"class":1880},[55,78892,114],{"class":69},[55,78894,78895],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,78896,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,78898,78899,78901,78903,78905],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,78900,121],{"class":120},[55,78902,103],{"class":69},[55,78904,4276],{"class":99},[55,78906,114],{"class":69},[20,78908,302],{},[46,78910,78912],{"className":48,"code":78911,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78913,78914],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78915,78916,78918,78920,78922,78924,78926,78928,78930,78932,78934,78936,78938,78940],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78917,312],{"class":69},[55,78919,315],{"class":247},[55,78921,17952],{"class":251},[55,78923,315],{"class":247},[55,78925,77],{"class":69},[55,78927,324],{"class":247},[55,78929,5173],{"class":251},[55,78931,315],{"class":247},[55,78933,77],{"class":69},[55,78935,324],{"class":247},[55,78937,78866],{"class":251},[55,78939,315],{"class":247},[55,78941,88],{"class":69},[20,78943,568,78944,78946],{},[15,78945,14990],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[142,78948,78950,982,78952],{"id":78949},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78951,77849],{},[15,78953,74406],{},[20,78955,78956,352,78958,78960],{},[15,78957,77849],{},[15,78959,74406],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78962,78963,153],{},[15,78964,77849],{},[155,78966,78967,78970],{},[158,78968,78969],{},"Changes the existing list",[158,78971,169,78972],{},[15,78973,172],{},[20,78975,78976,153],{},[15,78977,74406],{},[155,78979,78980,78983],{},[158,78981,78982],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[158,78984,78985],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78987,230],{},[46,78989,78991],{"className":48,"code":78990,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78992,78993,79013,79017,79031,79035,79045],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78994,78995,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005,79007,79009,79011],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78996,62],{"class":61},[55,78998,66],{"class":65},[55,79000,70],{"class":69},[55,79002,2223],{"class":73},[55,79004,77],{"class":69},[55,79006,630],{"class":73},[55,79008,77],{"class":69},[55,79010,80],{"class":73},[55,79012,88],{"class":69},[55,79014,79015],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,79016,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,79018,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,79020,1353],{"class":61},[55,79022,66],{"class":65},[55,79024,74540],{"class":120},[55,79026,103],{"class":69},[55,79028,94],{"class":99},[55,79030,114],{"class":69},[55,79032,79033],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,79034,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,79036,79037,79039,79041,79043],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,79038,121],{"class":120},[55,79040,103],{"class":69},[55,79042,94],{"class":99},[55,79044,114],{"class":69},[55,79046,79047,79049,79051,79053],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,79048,121],{"class":120},[55,79050,103],{"class":69},[55,79052,74263],{"class":99},[55,79054,114],{"class":69},[20,79056,302],{},[46,79058,79059],{"className":48,"code":74575,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,79060,79061,79077],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79062,79063,79065,79067,79069,79071,79073,79075],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79064,312],{"class":69},[55,79066,2223],{"class":73},[55,79068,77],{"class":69},[55,79070,630],{"class":73},[55,79072,77],{"class":69},[55,79074,80],{"class":73},[55,79076,88],{"class":69},[55,79078,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,79080,312],{"class":69},[55,79082,74],{"class":73},[55,79084,77],{"class":69},[55,79086,80],{"class":73},[55,79088,77],{"class":69},[55,79090,111],{"class":73},[55,79092,88],{"class":69},[20,79094,31,79095,79097],{},[15,79096,74406],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79099,79100,79101,352,79105,44],{},"You can learn more in ",[36,79102,3740,79103,5942],{"href":74503},[15,79104,74406],{},[36,79106,79108],{"href":79107},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[142,79110,2992],{"id":2991},[20,79112,79113,79114,44],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79115,77849],{},[577,79117,1220,79119],{"id":79118},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79120,64436],{},[20,79122,1225],{},[46,79124,79126],{"className":48,"code":79125,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79127,79128,79148,79162,79166,79176],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79129,79130,79132,79134,79136,79138,79140,79142,79144,79146],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79131,62],{"class":61},[55,79133,66],{"class":65},[55,79135,70],{"class":69},[55,79137,2223],{"class":73},[55,79139,77],{"class":69},[55,79141,630],{"class":73},[55,79143,77],{"class":69},[55,79145,80],{"class":73},[55,79147,88],{"class":69},[55,79149,79150,79152,79154,79156,79158,79160],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,79151,1255],{"class":61},[55,79153,66],{"class":65},[55,79155,1260],{"class":61},[55,79157,44],{"class":69},[55,79159,34941],{"class":99},[55,79161,8804],{"class":69},[55,79163,79164],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,79165,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,79167,79168,79170,79172,79174],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,79169,121],{"class":120},[55,79171,103],{"class":69},[55,79173,1288],{"class":99},[55,79175,114],{"class":69},[55,79177,79178,79180,79182,79184],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,79179,121],{"class":120},[55,79181,103],{"class":69},[55,79183,94],{"class":99},[55,79185,114],{"class":69},[20,79187,302],{},[46,79189,79191],{"className":48,"code":79190,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79192,79193,79197],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79194,79195],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79196,1313],{"class":1312},[55,79198,79199,79201,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,79200,312],{"class":69},[55,79202,74],{"class":73},[55,79204,77],{"class":69},[55,79206,80],{"class":73},[55,79208,77],{"class":69},[55,79210,111],{"class":73},[55,79212,88],{"class":69},[20,79214,79215,79217,79218,44],{},[15,79216,64436],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79219,172],{},[20,79221,79222,79223,6790],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79224,74406],{},[577,79226,79228],{"id":79227},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79230,79231],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[46,79233,79235],{"className":48,"code":79234,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79236,79237,79262],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79238,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247,79249,79251,79254,79256,79258,79260],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79240,1026],{"class":61},[55,79242,66],{"class":65},[55,79244,70],{"class":69},[55,79246,74],{"class":73},[55,79248,77],{"class":69},[55,79250,258],{"class":247},[55,79252,79253],{"class":251},"two",[55,79255,248],{"class":247},[55,79257,77],{"class":69},[55,79259,111],{"class":73},[55,79261,88],{"class":69},[55,79263,79264,79266,79268,79270],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,79265,1057],{"class":61},[55,79267,44],{"class":69},[55,79269,34941],{"class":99},[55,79271,8804],{"class":69},[20,79273,3165,79274,79276],{},[15,79275,3168],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[577,79278,4865,79280,79282],{"id":79279},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79281,64436],{}," only works on lists",[20,79284,79285,79287],{},[15,79286,64436],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79289,1343],{},[46,79291,79293],{"className":48,"code":79292,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79294,79295,79307],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79296,79297,79299,79301,79303,79305],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79298,34829],{"class":61},[55,79300,66],{"class":65},[55,79302,258],{"class":247},[55,79304,50],{"class":251},[55,79306,3522],{"class":247},[55,79308,79309,79311,79313,79315],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,79310,34850],{"class":61},[55,79312,44],{"class":69},[55,79314,34941],{"class":99},[55,79316,8804],{"class":69},[20,79318,79319,79320,33744],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79321,64436],{},[20,79323,79324],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[46,79326,79328],{"className":48,"code":79327,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79329,79330,79348,79358,79362],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79331,79332,79334,79336,79338,79340,79342,79344,79346],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79333,240],{"class":61},[55,79335,66],{"class":65},[55,79337,22705],{"class":1898},[55,79339,103],{"class":69},[55,79341,248],{"class":247},[55,79343,50],{"class":251},[55,79345,248],{"class":247},[55,79347,114],{"class":69},[55,79349,79350,79352,79354,79356],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,79351,270],{"class":61},[55,79353,44],{"class":69},[55,79355,34941],{"class":99},[55,79357,8804],{"class":69},[55,79359,79360],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,79361,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,79363,79364,79366,79368,79370],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,79365,121],{"class":120},[55,79367,103],{"class":69},[55,79369,270],{"class":99},[55,79371,114],{"class":69},[20,79373,302],{},[46,79375,79377],{"className":48,"code":79376,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79378,79379],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79380,79381,79383,79385,79387,79389,79391,79393,79395,79397,79399,79401,79403,79405,79407,79409,79411,79413,79415,79417,79419,79421,79423,79425,79427,79429],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79382,312],{"class":69},[55,79384,315],{"class":247},[55,79386,60562],{"class":251},[55,79388,315],{"class":247},[55,79390,77],{"class":69},[55,79392,324],{"class":247},[55,79394,76012],{"class":251},[55,79396,315],{"class":247},[55,79398,77],{"class":69},[55,79400,324],{"class":247},[55,79402,60597],{"class":251},[55,79404,315],{"class":247},[55,79406,77],{"class":69},[55,79408,324],{"class":247},[55,79410,20],{"class":251},[55,79412,315],{"class":247},[55,79414,77],{"class":69},[55,79416,324],{"class":247},[55,79418,63411],{"class":251},[55,79420,315],{"class":247},[55,79422,77],{"class":69},[55,79424,324],{"class":247},[55,79426,11902],{"class":251},[55,79428,315],{"class":247},[55,79430,88],{"class":69},[577,79432,79434,79435,79437],{"id":79433},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79436,14990],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79439,79440,79441,44],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79442,14990],{},[20,79444,79445,79446,79448],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79447,64436],{}," will not do that:",[46,79450,79452],{"className":48,"code":79451,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79453,79454,79486,79504,79508],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79455,79456,79458,79460,79462,79464,79466,79468,79470,79472,79474,79476,79478,79480,79482,79484],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79457,4234],{"class":61},[55,79459,66],{"class":65},[55,79461,70],{"class":69},[55,79463,248],{"class":247},[55,79465,1072],{"class":251},[55,79467,248],{"class":247},[55,79469,77],{"class":69},[55,79471,258],{"class":247},[55,79473,38498],{"class":251},[55,79475,248],{"class":247},[55,79477,77],{"class":69},[55,79479,258],{"class":247},[55,79481,1035],{"class":251},[55,79483,248],{"class":247},[55,79485,88],{"class":69},[55,79487,79488,79490,79492,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,79489,4276],{"class":61},[55,79491,44],{"class":69},[55,79493,34941],{"class":99},[55,79495,103],{"class":69},[55,79497,14990],{"class":9337},[55,79499,66],{"class":65},[55,79501,1860],{"class":120},[55,79503,114],{"class":69},[55,79505,79506],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,79507,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,79509,79510,79512,79514,79516],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,79511,121],{"class":120},[55,79513,103],{"class":69},[55,79515,4276],{"class":99},[55,79517,114],{"class":69},[577,79519,79521],{"id":79520},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79523,79524],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[46,79526,79528],{"className":48,"code":79527,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79529,79530,79564,79574,79578],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79531,79532,79534,79536,79538,79540,79543,79545,79547,79549,79551,79553,79555,79557,79560,79562],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79533,4234],{"class":61},[55,79535,66],{"class":65},[55,79537,70],{"class":69},[55,79539,248],{"class":247},[55,79541,79542],{"class":251},"zebra",[55,79544,248],{"class":247},[55,79546,77],{"class":69},[55,79548,258],{"class":247},[55,79550,57891],{"class":251},[55,79552,248],{"class":247},[55,79554,77],{"class":69},[55,79556,258],{"class":247},[55,79558,79559],{"class":251},"monkey",[55,79561,248],{"class":247},[55,79563,88],{"class":69},[55,79565,79566,79568,79570,79572],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,79567,4276],{"class":61},[55,79569,44],{"class":69},[55,79571,34941],{"class":99},[55,79573,8804],{"class":69},[55,79575,79576],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,79577,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,79579,79580,79582,79584,79586],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,79581,121],{"class":120},[55,79583,103],{"class":69},[55,79585,4276],{"class":99},[55,79587,114],{"class":69},[20,79589,302],{},[46,79591,79593],{"className":48,"code":79592,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79594,79595],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79596,79597,79599,79601,79603,79605,79607,79609,79611,79613,79615,79617,79619,79621],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79598,312],{"class":69},[55,79600,315],{"class":247},[55,79602,57891],{"class":251},[55,79604,315],{"class":247},[55,79606,77],{"class":69},[55,79608,324],{"class":247},[55,79610,79559],{"class":251},[55,79612,315],{"class":247},[55,79614,77],{"class":69},[55,79616,324],{"class":247},[55,79618,79542],{"class":251},[55,79620,315],{"class":247},[55,79622,88],{"class":69},[20,79624,31,79625,79627],{},[15,79626,78567],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[577,79629,60834],{"id":60833},[20,79631,79632],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[46,79634,79636],{"className":48,"code":79635,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79637,79638,79648,79662,79676,79690],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79639,79640,79642,79644,79646],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79641,121],{"class":120},[55,79643,103],{"class":69},[55,79645,192],{"class":99},[55,79647,114],{"class":69},[55,79649,79650,79652,79654,79656,79658,79660],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,79651,121],{"class":120},[55,79653,103],{"class":69},[55,79655,1910],{"class":1898},[55,79657,103],{"class":69},[55,79659,192],{"class":99},[55,79661,1867],{"class":69},[55,79663,79664,79666,79668,79670,79672,79674],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,79665,121],{"class":120},[55,79667,103],{"class":69},[55,79669,192],{"class":99},[55,79671,44],{"class":69},[55,79673,34941],{"class":99},[55,79675,7354],{"class":69},[55,79677,79678,79680,79682,79684,79686,79688],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,79679,121],{"class":120},[55,79681,103],{"class":69},[55,79683,74496],{"class":120},[55,79685,103],{"class":69},[55,79687,192],{"class":99},[55,79689,1867],{"class":69},[55,79691,79692,79694,79696,79698,79700,79702,79704,79706,79708,79710,79712],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,79693,121],{"class":120},[55,79695,3149],{"class":69},[55,79697,1910],{"class":1898},[55,79699,103],{"class":69},[55,79701,220],{"class":99},[55,79703,3825],{"class":69},[55,79705,4041],{"class":4040},[55,79707,6118],{"class":99},[55,79709,4047],{"class":4040},[55,79711,8556],{"class":99},[55,79713,1777],{"class":69},[20,79715,11330],{},[155,79717,79718,79721,79724,79731,79737],{},[158,79719,79720],{},"What values are in the list",[158,79722,79723],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[158,79725,79726,79727,2558,79729],{},"That ",[15,79728,64436],{},[15,79730,172],{},[158,79732,79733,79734,79736],{},"Whether ",[15,79735,74406],{}," works better for your case",[158,79738,79739],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79741,79742,79743,79745],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79744,3168],{}," problems.",[142,79747,1986],{"id":1985},[577,79749,1990,79751,1993],{"id":79750},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79752,77849],{},[20,79754,62727,79755,44],{},[15,79756,172],{},[577,79758,2022,79760,352,79762,2027],{"id":79759},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79761,64436],{},[15,79763,74406],{},[20,79765,79766,79768,79769,79771],{},[15,79767,64436],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79770,74406],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[577,79773,79775],{"id":79774},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79777,18842],{},[46,79779,79781],{"className":48,"code":79780,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79782,79783],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79784,79785,79787,79789,79791,79793,79795,79797,79799],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79786,192],{"class":61},[55,79788,44],{"class":69},[55,79790,34941],{"class":99},[55,79792,103],{"class":69},[55,79794,73559],{"class":9337},[55,79796,66],{"class":65},[55,79798,3769],{"class":1312},[55,79800,114],{"class":69},[577,79802,79804],{"id":79803},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79806,18842],{},[46,79808,79810],{"className":48,"code":79809,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79811,79812],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79813,79814,79816,79818,79820,79822,79824,79826,79828,79830,79832],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79815,192],{"class":61},[55,79817,44],{"class":69},[55,79819,34941],{"class":99},[55,79821,103],{"class":69},[55,79823,14990],{"class":9337},[55,79825,66],{"class":65},[55,79827,3607],{"class":1898},[55,79829,44],{"class":69},[55,79831,8801],{"class":1880},[55,79833,114],{"class":69},[20,79835,79836],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[577,79838,79840,79841,79843],{"id":79839},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79842,3168],{}," when sorting?",[20,79845,79846],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[142,79848,2039],{"id":2038},[155,79850,79851,79856,79862,79866],{},[158,79852,79853],{},[36,79854,79855],{"href":78358},"How to sort a list in Python",[158,79857,79858],{},[36,79859,3740,79860,5942],{"href":74503},[15,79861,74406],{},[158,79863,79864],{},[36,79865,975],{"href":974},[158,79867,79868],{},[36,79869,79108],{"href":79107},[2080,79871,79872],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":79874},[79875,79876,79878,79879,79880,79881,79883,79885,79896,79906],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":77915,"depth":91,"text":79877},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":78170,"depth":91,"text":78171},{"id":78362,"depth":91,"text":78363},{"id":78684,"depth":91,"text":79882},"Using the key argument",{"id":78949,"depth":91,"text":79884},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":79886},[79887,79889,79890,79892,79894,79895],{"id":79118,"depth":117,"text":79888},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79227,"depth":117,"text":79228},{"id":79279,"depth":117,"text":79891},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79433,"depth":117,"text":79893},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79520,"depth":117,"text":79521},{"id":60833,"depth":117,"text":60834},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":79897},[79898,79900,79902,79903,79904],{"id":79750,"depth":117,"text":79899},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79759,"depth":117,"text":79901},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79774,"depth":117,"text":79775},{"id":79803,"depth":117,"text":79804},{"id":79839,"depth":117,"text":79905},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77837,"description":79907},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79914,"title":79915,"body":79916,"description":82547,"extension":2124,"meta":82548,"navigation":428,"path":82549,"seo":82550,"stem":82551,"__hash__":82552},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79917,"toc":82506},[79918,79923,79928,79931,79942,79945,79965,79967,80029,80031,80072,80081,80086,80091,80097,80108,80110,80129,80132,80137,80142,80144,80149,80163,80165,80183,80186,80203,80206,80212,80235,80240,80242,80245,80306,80308,80341,80343,80382,80390,80400,80406,80411,80504,80506,80530,80532,80550,80553,80584,80590,80595,80598,80600,80725,80727,80751,80753,80772,80778,80784,80903,80905,80922,80929,80935,80940,80947,80953,80955,81012,81015,81036,81039,81042,81103,81105,81138,81142,81212,81214,81231,81235,81238,81313,81315,81352,81355,81358,81429,81431,81492,81497,81502,81505,81519,81521,81594,81596,81616,81619,81622,81679,81741,81744,81776,81779,81794,81799,81801,81807,81810,81866,81869,81871,81890,81894,81896,81940,81949,81951,82011,82015,82018,82020,82113,82115,82230,82234,82236,82310,82313,82316,82318,82323,82388,82390,82414,82424,82426,82432,82441,82450,82459,82465,82468,82472,82475,82477,82503],[10,79919,3740,79921,3744],{"id":79920},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79922,39857],{},[20,79924,3747,79925,79927],{},[15,79926,39857],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79929,79930],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[155,79932,79933,79936,79939],{},[158,79934,79935],{},"converting numbers to strings",[158,79937,79938],{},"changing strings to integers",[158,79940,79941],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79943,79944],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[155,79946,79947,79954,79960],{},[158,79948,79949,14204,79951,79953],{},[15,79950,39857],{},[1966,79952,1968],{}," return a list in Python 3",[158,79955,79956,79957],{},"it returns a ",[1966,79958,79959],{},"map object",[158,79961,79962,79963],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79964,24925],{},[142,79966,2165],{"id":2164},[46,79968,79970],{"className":48,"code":79969,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79971,79972,79996,80015],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79973,79974,79976,79978,79980,79982,79984,79986,79988,79990,79992,79994],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79975,62],{"class":61},[55,79977,66],{"class":65},[55,79979,70],{"class":69},[55,79981,74],{"class":73},[55,79983,77],{"class":69},[55,79985,80],{"class":73},[55,79987,77],{"class":69},[55,79989,111],{"class":73},[55,79991,77],{"class":69},[55,79993,85],{"class":73},[55,79995,88],{"class":69},[55,79997,79998,80000,80002,80005,80007,80009,80011,80013],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,79999,1255],{"class":61},[55,80001,66],{"class":65},[55,80003,80004],{"class":120}," map",[55,80006,103],{"class":69},[55,80008,3607],{"class":1898},[55,80010,77],{"class":69},[55,80012,1260],{"class":99},[55,80014,114],{"class":69},[55,80016,80017,80019,80021,80023,80025,80027],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,80018,121],{"class":120},[55,80020,103],{"class":69},[55,80022,1899],{"class":1898},[55,80024,103],{"class":69},[55,80026,1288],{"class":99},[55,80028,1867],{"class":69},[20,80030,302],{},[46,80032,80034],{"className":48,"code":80033,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80035,80036],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80037,80038,80040,80042,80044,80046,80048,80050,80052,80054,80056,80058,80060,80062,80064,80066,80068,80070],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80039,312],{"class":69},[55,80041,315],{"class":247},[55,80043,74],{"class":251},[55,80045,315],{"class":247},[55,80047,77],{"class":69},[55,80049,324],{"class":247},[55,80051,106],{"class":251},[55,80053,315],{"class":247},[55,80055,77],{"class":69},[55,80057,324],{"class":247},[55,80059,2223],{"class":251},[55,80061,315],{"class":247},[55,80063,77],{"class":69},[55,80065,324],{"class":247},[55,80067,2665],{"class":251},[55,80069,315],{"class":247},[55,80071,88],{"class":69},[20,80073,31,80074,80077,80078,80080],{},[15,80075,80076],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80079,24925],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[142,80082,145,80084,148],{"id":80083},"what-map-does",[15,80085,39857],{},[20,80087,80088,80090],{},[15,80089,39857],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80092,80093,80094,80096],{},"An ",[1966,80095,3884],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[155,80098,80099,80101,80103,80105],{},[158,80100,38041],{},[158,80102,38044],{},[158,80104,38047],{},[158,80106,80107],{},"a range object",[20,80109,30869],{},[46,80111,80113],{"className":48,"code":80112,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80114,80115],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80116,80117,80119,80121,80123,80125,80127],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80118,40000],{"class":120},[55,80120,103],{"class":69},[55,80122,38000],{"class":99},[55,80124,77],{"class":69},[55,80126,38005],{"class":99},[55,80128,114],{"class":69},[20,80130,80131],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80133,80134,80135,33884],{},"Important: the result is a ",[1966,80136,79959],{},[20,80138,80139,80140,44],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[36,80141,5297],{"href":5296},[142,80143,2319],{"id":2318},[20,80145,80146,80148],{},[15,80147,39857],{}," needs at least two parts:",[155,80150,80151,80157],{},[158,80152,80153,80156],{},[1966,80154,80155],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[158,80158,80159,80162],{},[1966,80160,80161],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80164,3869],{},[46,80166,80167],{"className":48,"code":80112,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,80168,80169],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80170,80171,80173,80175,80177,80179,80181],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80172,40000],{"class":120},[55,80174,103],{"class":69},[55,80176,38000],{"class":99},[55,80178,77],{"class":69},[55,80180,38005],{"class":99},[55,80182,114],{"class":69},[20,80184,80185],{},"You can pass:",[155,80187,80188,80197,80200],{},[158,80189,80190,80191,2352,80193,2356,80195],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80192,3607],{},[15,80194,2351],{},[15,80196,2179],{},[158,80198,80199],{},"your own custom function",[158,80201,80202],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80204,80205],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80207,80208,80209,80211],{},"You will often see ",[15,80210,39857],{}," used like this:",[46,80213,80215],{"className":48,"code":80214,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80216,80217],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80218,80219,80221,80223,80225,80227,80229,80231,80233],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80220,1899],{"class":1898},[55,80222,103],{"class":69},[55,80224,40000],{"class":120},[55,80226,103],{"class":69},[55,80228,38000],{"class":99},[55,80230,77],{"class":69},[55,80232,4050],{"class":99},[55,80234,1867],{"class":69},[20,80236,6836,80237,80239],{},[15,80238,24925],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[142,80241,11634],{"id":11633},[20,80243,80244],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[46,80246,80248],{"className":48,"code":80247,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80249,80250,80270,80288,80292],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80251,80252,80254,80256,80258,80260,80262,80264,80266,80268],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80253,62],{"class":61},[55,80255,66],{"class":65},[55,80257,70],{"class":69},[55,80259,800],{"class":73},[55,80261,77],{"class":69},[55,80263,7951],{"class":73},[55,80265,77],{"class":69},[55,80267,7956],{"class":73},[55,80269,88],{"class":69},[55,80271,80272,80274,80276,80278,80280,80282,80284,80286],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,80273,1255],{"class":61},[55,80275,66],{"class":65},[55,80277,80004],{"class":120},[55,80279,103],{"class":69},[55,80281,3607],{"class":1898},[55,80283,77],{"class":69},[55,80285,1260],{"class":99},[55,80287,114],{"class":69},[55,80289,80290],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,80291,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,80293,80294,80296,80298,80300,80302,80304],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,80295,121],{"class":120},[55,80297,103],{"class":69},[55,80299,1899],{"class":1898},[55,80301,103],{"class":69},[55,80303,1288],{"class":99},[55,80305,1867],{"class":69},[20,80307,302],{},[46,80309,80311],{"className":48,"code":80310,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80312,80313],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80314,80315,80317,80319,80321,80323,80325,80327,80329,80331,80333,80335,80337,80339],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80316,312],{"class":69},[55,80318,315],{"class":247},[55,80320,800],{"class":251},[55,80322,315],{"class":247},[55,80324,77],{"class":69},[55,80326,324],{"class":247},[55,80328,15904],{"class":251},[55,80330,315],{"class":247},[55,80332,77],{"class":69},[55,80334,324],{"class":247},[55,80336,36980],{"class":251},[55,80338,315],{"class":247},[55,80340,88],{"class":69},[20,80342,11840],{},[155,80344,80345,80350,80358,80366,80374],{},[158,80346,80347,80349],{},[15,80348,94],{}," contains integers",[158,80351,80352,80355,80356],{},[15,80353,80354],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80357,47827],{},[158,80359,80360,42297,80363],{},[15,80361,80362],{},"str(10)",[15,80364,80365],{},"'10'",[158,80367,80368,42297,80371],{},[15,80369,80370],{},"str(20)",[15,80372,80373],{},"'20'",[158,80375,80376,42297,80379],{},[15,80377,80378],{},"str(30)",[15,80380,80381],{},"'30'",[20,80383,53790,80384,80386,80387,80389],{},[15,80385,39857],{}," applies ",[15,80388,47827],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80391,80392,80393,80395,80396,44],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80394,24925],{}," better, see ",[36,80397,3740,80398,3673],{"href":64972},[15,80399,24925],{},[142,80401,8578,80403,80405],{"id":80402},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80404,39857],{}," with your own function",[20,80407,15864,80408,80410],{},[15,80409,39857],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[46,80412,80414],{"className":48,"code":80413,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80415,80416,80429,80439,80443,80467,80486,80490],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80417,80418,80420,80423,80425,80427],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80419,34993],{"class":2226},[55,80421,80422],{"class":34996}," double",[55,80424,103],{"class":69},[55,80426,2336],{"class":37802},[55,80428,8502],{"class":69},[55,80430,80431,80433,80435,80437],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,80432,35004],{"class":4040},[55,80434,4044],{"class":61},[55,80436,40013],{"class":65},[55,80438,45732],{"class":73},[55,80440,80441],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,80442,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,80444,80445,80447,80449,80451,80453,80455,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,80446,62],{"class":61},[55,80448,66],{"class":65},[55,80450,70],{"class":69},[55,80452,74],{"class":73},[55,80454,77],{"class":69},[55,80456,80],{"class":73},[55,80458,77],{"class":69},[55,80460,111],{"class":73},[55,80462,77],{"class":69},[55,80464,85],{"class":73},[55,80466,88],{"class":69},[55,80468,80469,80471,80473,80475,80477,80480,80482,80484],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,80470,1255],{"class":61},[55,80472,66],{"class":65},[55,80474,80004],{"class":120},[55,80476,103],{"class":69},[55,80478,80479],{"class":99},"double",[55,80481,77],{"class":69},[55,80483,1260],{"class":99},[55,80485,114],{"class":69},[55,80487,80488],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,80489,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,80491,80492,80494,80496,80498,80500,80502],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,80493,121],{"class":120},[55,80495,103],{"class":69},[55,80497,1899],{"class":1898},[55,80499,103],{"class":69},[55,80501,1288],{"class":99},[55,80503,1867],{"class":69},[20,80505,302],{},[46,80507,80508],{"className":48,"code":40026,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,80509,80510],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80511,80512,80514,80516,80518,80520,80522,80524,80526,80528],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80513,312],{"class":69},[55,80515,106],{"class":73},[55,80517,77],{"class":69},[55,80519,85],{"class":73},[55,80521,77],{"class":69},[55,80523,37783],{"class":73},[55,80525,77],{"class":69},[55,80527,6518],{"class":73},[55,80529,88],{"class":69},[20,80531,65709],{},[155,80533,80534,80541,80547],{},[158,80535,80536,80538,80539],{},[15,80537,39857],{}," takes the function ",[15,80540,80479],{},[158,80542,80543,80544,80546],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80545,94],{}," into that function",[158,80548,80549],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80551,80552],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[155,80554,80555,80562,80569,80577],{},[158,80556,80557,6230,80560],{},[15,80558,80559],{},"double(1)",[15,80561,106],{},[158,80563,80564,6230,80567],{},[15,80565,80566],{},"double(2)",[15,80568,2665],{},[158,80570,80571,6230,80574],{},[15,80572,80573],{},"double(3)",[15,80575,80576],{},"6",[158,80578,80579,6230,80582],{},[15,80580,80581],{},"double(4)",[15,80583,2506],{},[142,80585,8578,80587,80589],{"id":80586},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80588,39857],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80591,80592,80594],{},[15,80593,39857],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80596,80597],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80599,230],{},[46,80601,80603],{"className":48,"code":80602,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80604,80605,80622,80632,80636,80657,80678,80682,80707,80711],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80606,80607,80609,80612,80614,80616,80618,80620],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80608,34993],{"class":2226},[55,80610,80611],{"class":34996}," add_numbers",[55,80613,103],{"class":69},[55,80615,36],{"class":37802},[55,80617,77],{"class":69},[55,80619,2720],{"class":37802},[55,80621,8502],{"class":69},[55,80623,80624,80626,80628,80630],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,80625,35004],{"class":4040},[55,80627,44687],{"class":61},[55,80629,2220],{"class":65},[55,80631,36321],{"class":61},[55,80633,80634],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,80635,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,80637,80638,80641,80643,80645,80647,80649,80651,80653,80655],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,80639,80640],{"class":61},"list1 ",[55,80642,66],{"class":65},[55,80644,70],{"class":69},[55,80646,74],{"class":73},[55,80648,77],{"class":69},[55,80650,80],{"class":73},[55,80652,77],{"class":69},[55,80654,111],{"class":73},[55,80656,88],{"class":69},[55,80658,80659,80662,80664,80666,80668,80670,80672,80674,80676],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,80660,80661],{"class":61},"list2 ",[55,80663,66],{"class":65},[55,80665,70],{"class":69},[55,80667,800],{"class":73},[55,80669,77],{"class":69},[55,80671,7951],{"class":73},[55,80673,77],{"class":69},[55,80675,7956],{"class":73},[55,80677,88],{"class":69},[55,80679,80680],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,80681,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,80683,80684,80686,80688,80690,80692,80695,80697,80700,80702,80705],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,80685,1255],{"class":61},[55,80687,66],{"class":65},[55,80689,80004],{"class":120},[55,80691,103],{"class":69},[55,80693,80694],{"class":99},"add_numbers",[55,80696,77],{"class":69},[55,80698,80699],{"class":99}," list1",[55,80701,77],{"class":69},[55,80703,80704],{"class":99}," list2",[55,80706,114],{"class":69},[55,80708,80709],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,80710,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,80712,80713,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,80714,121],{"class":120},[55,80716,103],{"class":69},[55,80718,1899],{"class":1898},[55,80720,103],{"class":69},[55,80722,1288],{"class":99},[55,80724,1867],{"class":69},[20,80726,302],{},[46,80728,80730],{"className":48,"code":80729,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80731,80732],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80733,80734,80736,80739,80741,80744,80746,80749],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80735,312],{"class":69},[55,80737,80738],{"class":73},"11",[55,80740,77],{"class":69},[55,80742,80743],{"class":73}," 22",[55,80745,77],{"class":69},[55,80747,80748],{"class":73}," 33",[55,80750,88],{"class":69},[20,80752,2341],{},[155,80754,80755,80761,80767],{},[158,80756,80757,80758],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80759,80760],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[158,80762,80763,80764],{},"then ",[15,80765,80766],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[158,80768,80763,80769],{},[15,80770,80771],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[577,80773,80775,80777],{"id":80774},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80776,39857],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80779,80780,80781,80783],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80782,39857],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[46,80785,80787],{"className":48,"code":80786,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80788,80789,80805,80815,80819,80843,80859,80863,80885,80889],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80790,80791,80793,80795,80797,80799,80801,80803],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80792,34993],{"class":2226},[55,80794,80611],{"class":34996},[55,80796,103],{"class":69},[55,80798,36],{"class":37802},[55,80800,77],{"class":69},[55,80802,2720],{"class":37802},[55,80804,8502],{"class":69},[55,80806,80807,80809,80811,80813],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,80808,35004],{"class":4040},[55,80810,44687],{"class":61},[55,80812,2220],{"class":65},[55,80814,36321],{"class":61},[55,80816,80817],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,80818,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,80820,80821,80823,80825,80827,80829,80831,80833,80835,80837,80839,80841],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,80822,80640],{"class":61},[55,80824,66],{"class":65},[55,80826,70],{"class":69},[55,80828,74],{"class":73},[55,80830,77],{"class":69},[55,80832,80],{"class":73},[55,80834,77],{"class":69},[55,80836,111],{"class":73},[55,80838,77],{"class":69},[55,80840,85],{"class":73},[55,80842,88],{"class":69},[55,80844,80845,80847,80849,80851,80853,80855,80857],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,80846,80661],{"class":61},[55,80848,66],{"class":65},[55,80850,70],{"class":69},[55,80852,800],{"class":73},[55,80854,77],{"class":69},[55,80856,7951],{"class":73},[55,80858,88],{"class":69},[55,80860,80861],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,80862,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,80864,80865,80867,80869,80871,80873,80875,80877,80879,80881,80883],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,80866,1255],{"class":61},[55,80868,66],{"class":65},[55,80870,80004],{"class":120},[55,80872,103],{"class":69},[55,80874,80694],{"class":99},[55,80876,77],{"class":69},[55,80878,80699],{"class":99},[55,80880,77],{"class":69},[55,80882,80704],{"class":99},[55,80884,114],{"class":69},[55,80886,80887],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,80888,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,80890,80891,80893,80895,80897,80899,80901],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,80892,121],{"class":120},[55,80894,103],{"class":69},[55,80896,1899],{"class":1898},[55,80898,103],{"class":69},[55,80900,1288],{"class":99},[55,80902,1867],{"class":69},[20,80904,302],{},[46,80906,80908],{"className":48,"code":80907,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80909,80910],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80911,80912,80914,80916,80918,80920],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80913,312],{"class":69},[55,80915,80738],{"class":73},[55,80917,77],{"class":69},[55,80919,80743],{"class":73},[55,80921,88],{"class":69},[20,80923,80924,80925,80928],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80926,80927],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[142,80930,80932,80934],{"id":80931},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80933,39857],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80936,38163,80937,80939],{},[15,80938,39857],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80941,80942,80943,80946],{},"This object is ",[1966,80944,80945],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[577,80948,2649,80950,80952],{"id":80949},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80951,33171],{}," looks strange",[20,80954,33785],{},[46,80956,80958],{"className":48,"code":80957,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80959,80960,80980,80998,81002],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80961,80962,80964,80966,80968,80970,80972,80974,80976,80978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80963,62],{"class":61},[55,80965,66],{"class":65},[55,80967,70],{"class":69},[55,80969,74],{"class":73},[55,80971,77],{"class":69},[55,80973,80],{"class":73},[55,80975,77],{"class":69},[55,80977,111],{"class":73},[55,80979,88],{"class":69},[55,80981,80982,80984,80986,80988,80990,80992,80994,80996],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,80983,1255],{"class":61},[55,80985,66],{"class":65},[55,80987,80004],{"class":120},[55,80989,103],{"class":69},[55,80991,3607],{"class":1898},[55,80993,77],{"class":69},[55,80995,1260],{"class":99},[55,80997,114],{"class":69},[55,80999,81000],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,81001,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,81003,81004,81006,81008,81010],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,81005,121],{"class":120},[55,81007,103],{"class":69},[55,81009,1288],{"class":99},[55,81011,114],{"class":69},[20,81013,81014],{},"Output will look something like this:",[46,81016,81018],{"className":48,"code":81017,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81019,81020],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81021,81022,81024,81026,81028,81030,81032,81034],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81023,3454],{"class":65},[55,81025,40000],{"class":120},[55,81027,24762],{"class":1898},[55,81029,37503],{"class":61},[55,81031,37507],{"class":37506},[55,81033,37510],{"class":1885},[55,81035,3466],{"class":65},[20,81037,81038],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81040,81041],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[46,81043,81045],{"className":48,"code":81044,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81046,81047,81067,81085,81089],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81048,81049,81051,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061,81063,81065],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81050,62],{"class":61},[55,81052,66],{"class":65},[55,81054,70],{"class":69},[55,81056,74],{"class":73},[55,81058,77],{"class":69},[55,81060,80],{"class":73},[55,81062,77],{"class":69},[55,81064,111],{"class":73},[55,81066,88],{"class":69},[55,81068,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079,81081,81083],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,81070,1255],{"class":61},[55,81072,66],{"class":65},[55,81074,80004],{"class":120},[55,81076,103],{"class":69},[55,81078,3607],{"class":1898},[55,81080,77],{"class":69},[55,81082,1260],{"class":99},[55,81084,114],{"class":69},[55,81086,81087],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,81088,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,81090,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,81092,121],{"class":120},[55,81094,103],{"class":69},[55,81096,1899],{"class":1898},[55,81098,103],{"class":69},[55,81100,1288],{"class":99},[55,81102,1867],{"class":69},[20,81104,302],{},[46,81106,81108],{"className":48,"code":81107,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81109,81110],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81111,81112,81114,81116,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126,81128,81130,81132,81134,81136],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81113,312],{"class":69},[55,81115,315],{"class":247},[55,81117,74],{"class":251},[55,81119,315],{"class":247},[55,81121,77],{"class":69},[55,81123,324],{"class":247},[55,81125,106],{"class":251},[55,81127,315],{"class":247},[55,81129,77],{"class":69},[55,81131,324],{"class":247},[55,81133,2223],{"class":251},[55,81135,315],{"class":247},[55,81137,88],{"class":69},[577,81139,81141],{"id":81140},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[46,81143,81145],{"className":48,"code":81144,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81146,81147,81167,81185,81189,81202],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81148,81149,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159,81161,81163,81165],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81150,62],{"class":61},[55,81152,66],{"class":65},[55,81154,70],{"class":69},[55,81156,74],{"class":73},[55,81158,77],{"class":69},[55,81160,80],{"class":73},[55,81162,77],{"class":69},[55,81164,111],{"class":73},[55,81166,88],{"class":69},[55,81168,81169,81171,81173,81175,81177,81179,81181,81183],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,81170,1255],{"class":61},[55,81172,66],{"class":65},[55,81174,80004],{"class":120},[55,81176,103],{"class":69},[55,81178,3607],{"class":1898},[55,81180,77],{"class":69},[55,81182,1260],{"class":99},[55,81184,114],{"class":69},[55,81186,81187],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,81188,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,81190,81191,81193,81195,81197,81200],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,81192,6115],{"class":4040},[55,81194,6118],{"class":61},[55,81196,4047],{"class":4040},[55,81198,81199],{"class":61}," result",[55,81201,6552],{"class":69},[55,81203,81204,81206,81208,81210],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,81205,8230],{"class":120},[55,81207,103],{"class":69},[55,81209,220],{"class":99},[55,81211,114],{"class":69},[20,81213,302],{},[46,81215,81217],{"className":48,"code":81216,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81218,81219,81223,81227],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81220,81221],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81222,47060],{"class":73},[55,81224,81225],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,81226,17206],{"class":73},[55,81228,81229],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,81230,46760],{"class":73},[577,81232,81234],{"id":81233},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81236,81237],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[46,81239,81241],{"className":48,"code":81240,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81242,81243,81263,81281,81285,81299],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81244,81245,81247,81249,81251,81253,81255,81257,81259,81261],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81246,62],{"class":61},[55,81248,66],{"class":65},[55,81250,70],{"class":69},[55,81252,74],{"class":73},[55,81254,77],{"class":69},[55,81256,80],{"class":73},[55,81258,77],{"class":69},[55,81260,111],{"class":73},[55,81262,88],{"class":69},[55,81264,81265,81267,81269,81271,81273,81275,81277,81279],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,81266,1255],{"class":61},[55,81268,66],{"class":65},[55,81270,80004],{"class":120},[55,81272,103],{"class":69},[55,81274,3607],{"class":1898},[55,81276,77],{"class":69},[55,81278,1260],{"class":99},[55,81280,114],{"class":69},[55,81282,81283],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,81284,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,81286,81287,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,81288,121],{"class":120},[55,81290,103],{"class":69},[55,81292,1899],{"class":1898},[55,81294,103],{"class":69},[55,81296,1288],{"class":99},[55,81298,1867],{"class":69},[55,81300,81301,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,81302,121],{"class":120},[55,81304,103],{"class":69},[55,81306,1899],{"class":1898},[55,81308,103],{"class":69},[55,81310,1288],{"class":99},[55,81312,1867],{"class":69},[20,81314,302],{},[46,81316,81318],{"className":48,"code":81317,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81319,81320,81348],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81321,81322,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81323,312],{"class":69},[55,81325,315],{"class":247},[55,81327,74],{"class":251},[55,81329,315],{"class":247},[55,81331,77],{"class":69},[55,81333,324],{"class":247},[55,81335,106],{"class":251},[55,81337,315],{"class":247},[55,81339,77],{"class":69},[55,81341,324],{"class":247},[55,81343,2223],{"class":251},[55,81345,315],{"class":247},[55,81347,88],{"class":69},[55,81349,81350],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,81351,38437],{"class":69},[20,81353,81354],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81356,81357],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[46,81359,81361],{"className":48,"code":81360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81362,81363,81383,81405,81409,81419],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81364,81365,81367,81369,81371,81373,81375,81377,81379,81381],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81366,62],{"class":61},[55,81368,66],{"class":65},[55,81370,70],{"class":69},[55,81372,74],{"class":73},[55,81374,77],{"class":69},[55,81376,80],{"class":73},[55,81378,77],{"class":69},[55,81380,111],{"class":73},[55,81382,88],{"class":69},[55,81384,81385,81387,81389,81391,81393,81395,81397,81399,81401,81403],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,81386,1255],{"class":61},[55,81388,66],{"class":65},[55,81390,22705],{"class":1898},[55,81392,103],{"class":69},[55,81394,40000],{"class":120},[55,81396,103],{"class":69},[55,81398,3607],{"class":1898},[55,81400,77],{"class":69},[55,81402,1260],{"class":99},[55,81404,1867],{"class":69},[55,81406,81407],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,81408,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,81410,81411,81413,81415,81417],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,81412,121],{"class":120},[55,81414,103],{"class":69},[55,81416,1288],{"class":99},[55,81418,114],{"class":69},[55,81420,81421,81423,81425,81427],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,81422,121],{"class":120},[55,81424,103],{"class":69},[55,81426,1288],{"class":99},[55,81428,114],{"class":69},[20,81430,302],{},[46,81432,81434],{"className":48,"code":81433,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81435,81436,81464],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81437,81438,81440,81442,81444,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456,81458,81460,81462],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81439,312],{"class":69},[55,81441,315],{"class":247},[55,81443,74],{"class":251},[55,81445,315],{"class":247},[55,81447,77],{"class":69},[55,81449,324],{"class":247},[55,81451,106],{"class":251},[55,81453,315],{"class":247},[55,81455,77],{"class":69},[55,81457,324],{"class":247},[55,81459,2223],{"class":251},[55,81461,315],{"class":247},[55,81463,88],{"class":69},[55,81465,81466,81468,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486,81488,81490],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,81467,312],{"class":69},[55,81469,315],{"class":247},[55,81471,74],{"class":251},[55,81473,315],{"class":247},[55,81475,77],{"class":69},[55,81477,324],{"class":247},[55,81479,106],{"class":251},[55,81481,315],{"class":247},[55,81483,77],{"class":69},[55,81485,324],{"class":247},[55,81487,2223],{"class":251},[55,81489,315],{"class":247},[55,81491,88],{"class":69},[142,81493,1937,81495],{"id":81494},"when-to-use-map",[15,81496,39857],{},[20,81498,81499,81501],{},[15,81500,39857],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81503,81504],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[155,81506,81507,81511,81515],{},[158,81508,81509],{},[15,81510,3607],{},[158,81512,81513],{},[15,81514,2351],{},[158,81516,81517],{},[15,81518,2179],{},[20,81520,230],{},[46,81522,81524],{"className":48,"code":81523,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81525,81526,81558,81580,81584],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81527,81528,81530,81532,81534,81536,81538,81540,81542,81544,81546,81548,81550,81552,81554,81556],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81529,3986],{"class":61},[55,81531,66],{"class":65},[55,81533,70],{"class":69},[55,81535,315],{"class":247},[55,81537,74],{"class":251},[55,81539,315],{"class":247},[55,81541,77],{"class":69},[55,81543,324],{"class":247},[55,81545,106],{"class":251},[55,81547,315],{"class":247},[55,81549,77],{"class":69},[55,81551,324],{"class":247},[55,81553,2223],{"class":251},[55,81555,315],{"class":247},[55,81557,88],{"class":69},[55,81559,81560,81562,81564,81566,81568,81570,81572,81574,81576,81578],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,81561,62],{"class":61},[55,81563,66],{"class":65},[55,81565,22705],{"class":1898},[55,81567,103],{"class":69},[55,81569,40000],{"class":120},[55,81571,103],{"class":69},[55,81573,2351],{"class":1898},[55,81575,77],{"class":69},[55,81577,4050],{"class":99},[55,81579,1867],{"class":69},[55,81581,81582],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,81583,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,81585,81586,81588,81590,81592],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,81587,121],{"class":120},[55,81589,103],{"class":69},[55,81591,94],{"class":99},[55,81593,114],{"class":69},[20,81595,302],{},[46,81597,81598],{"className":48,"code":55279,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,81599,81600],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81601,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612,81614],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81603,312],{"class":69},[55,81605,74],{"class":73},[55,81607,77],{"class":69},[55,81609,80],{"class":73},[55,81611,77],{"class":69},[55,81613,111],{"class":73},[55,81615,88],{"class":69},[20,81617,81618],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81620,81621],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[46,81623,81625],{"className":48,"code":81624,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81626,81627,81647,81669],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81628,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639,81641,81643,81645],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81630,62],{"class":61},[55,81632,66],{"class":65},[55,81634,70],{"class":69},[55,81636,74],{"class":73},[55,81638,77],{"class":69},[55,81640,80],{"class":73},[55,81642,77],{"class":69},[55,81644,111],{"class":73},[55,81646,88],{"class":69},[55,81648,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,81650,1255],{"class":61},[55,81652,66],{"class":65},[55,81654,22705],{"class":1898},[55,81656,103],{"class":69},[55,81658,40000],{"class":120},[55,81660,103],{"class":69},[55,81662,3607],{"class":1898},[55,81664,77],{"class":69},[55,81666,1260],{"class":99},[55,81668,1867],{"class":69},[55,81670,81671,81673,81675,81677],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,81672,121],{"class":120},[55,81674,103],{"class":69},[55,81676,1288],{"class":99},[55,81678,114],{"class":69},[46,81680,81682],{"className":48,"code":81681,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81683,81684,81704,81731],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81685,81686,81688,81690,81692,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81687,62],{"class":61},[55,81689,66],{"class":65},[55,81691,70],{"class":69},[55,81693,74],{"class":73},[55,81695,77],{"class":69},[55,81697,80],{"class":73},[55,81699,77],{"class":69},[55,81701,111],{"class":73},[55,81703,88],{"class":69},[55,81705,81706,81708,81710,81712,81714,81716,81718,81720,81722,81725,81727,81729],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,81707,1255],{"class":61},[55,81709,66],{"class":65},[55,81711,70],{"class":69},[55,81713,3607],{"class":1898},[55,81715,103],{"class":69},[55,81717,76012],{"class":99},[55,81719,3825],{"class":69},[55,81721,4041],{"class":4040},[55,81723,81724],{"class":61}," n ",[55,81726,4047],{"class":4040},[55,81728,1260],{"class":61},[55,81730,88],{"class":69},[55,81732,81733,81735,81737,81739],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,81734,121],{"class":120},[55,81736,103],{"class":69},[55,81738,1288],{"class":99},[55,81740,114],{"class":69},[20,81742,81743],{},"Both produce:",[46,81745,81746],{"className":48,"code":81107,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,81747,81748],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81749,81750,81752,81754,81756,81758,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768,81770,81772,81774],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81751,312],{"class":69},[55,81753,315],{"class":247},[55,81755,74],{"class":251},[55,81757,315],{"class":247},[55,81759,77],{"class":69},[55,81761,324],{"class":247},[55,81763,106],{"class":251},[55,81765,315],{"class":247},[55,81767,77],{"class":69},[55,81769,324],{"class":247},[55,81771,2223],{"class":251},[55,81773,315],{"class":247},[55,81775,88],{"class":69},[20,81777,81778],{},"A simple rule:",[155,81780,81781,81786,81791],{},[158,81782,40131,81783,81785],{},[15,81784,39857],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[158,81787,40137,81788,81790],{},[15,81789,6115],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[158,81792,81793],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81795,81796,81797,44],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[36,81798,4555],{"href":4554},[142,81800,1211],{"id":1210},[577,81802,81804,81805],{"id":81803},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81806,24925],{},[20,81808,81809],{},"This is very common:",[46,81811,81812],{"className":48,"code":80957,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,81813,81814,81834,81852,81856],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81815,81816,81818,81820,81822,81824,81826,81828,81830,81832],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81817,62],{"class":61},[55,81819,66],{"class":65},[55,81821,70],{"class":69},[55,81823,74],{"class":73},[55,81825,77],{"class":69},[55,81827,80],{"class":73},[55,81829,77],{"class":69},[55,81831,111],{"class":73},[55,81833,88],{"class":69},[55,81835,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844,81846,81848,81850],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,81837,1255],{"class":61},[55,81839,66],{"class":65},[55,81841,80004],{"class":120},[55,81843,103],{"class":69},[55,81845,3607],{"class":1898},[55,81847,77],{"class":69},[55,81849,1260],{"class":99},[55,81851,114],{"class":69},[55,81853,81854],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,81855,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,81857,81858,81860,81862,81864],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,81859,121],{"class":120},[55,81861,103],{"class":69},[55,81863,1288],{"class":99},[55,81865,114],{"class":69},[20,81867,81868],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81870,39402],{},[46,81872,81874],{"className":48,"code":81873,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81875,81876],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81877,81878,81880,81882,81884,81886,81888],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81879,121],{"class":120},[55,81881,103],{"class":69},[55,81883,1899],{"class":1898},[55,81885,103],{"class":69},[55,81887,1288],{"class":99},[55,81889,1867],{"class":69},[577,81891,81893],{"id":81892},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81895,1343],{},[46,81897,81899],{"className":48,"code":81898,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81900,81901,81921],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81902,81903,81905,81907,81909,81911,81913,81915,81917,81919],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81904,62],{"class":61},[55,81906,66],{"class":65},[55,81908,70],{"class":69},[55,81910,74],{"class":73},[55,81912,77],{"class":69},[55,81914,80],{"class":73},[55,81916,77],{"class":69},[55,81918,111],{"class":73},[55,81920,88],{"class":69},[55,81922,81923,81925,81927,81929,81931,81933,81936,81938],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,81924,1255],{"class":61},[55,81926,66],{"class":65},[55,81928,80004],{"class":120},[55,81930,103],{"class":69},[55,81932,3607],{"class":1898},[55,81934,81935],{"class":69},"(),",[55,81937,1260],{"class":99},[55,81939,114],{"class":69},[20,81941,81942,81943,81945,81946,81948],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81944,47827],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81947,39857],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81950,16805],{},[46,81952,81953],{"className":48,"code":81044,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,81954,81955,81975,81993,81997],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81956,81957,81959,81961,81963,81965,81967,81969,81971,81973],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81958,62],{"class":61},[55,81960,66],{"class":65},[55,81962,70],{"class":69},[55,81964,74],{"class":73},[55,81966,77],{"class":69},[55,81968,80],{"class":73},[55,81970,77],{"class":69},[55,81972,111],{"class":73},[55,81974,88],{"class":69},[55,81976,81977,81979,81981,81983,81985,81987,81989,81991],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,81978,1255],{"class":61},[55,81980,66],{"class":65},[55,81982,80004],{"class":120},[55,81984,103],{"class":69},[55,81986,3607],{"class":1898},[55,81988,77],{"class":69},[55,81990,1260],{"class":99},[55,81992,114],{"class":69},[55,81994,81995],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,81996,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,81998,81999,82001,82003,82005,82007,82009],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,82000,121],{"class":120},[55,82002,103],{"class":69},[55,82004,1899],{"class":1898},[55,82006,103],{"class":69},[55,82008,1288],{"class":99},[55,82010,1867],{"class":69},[577,82012,82014],{"id":82013},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82016,82017],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82019,1343],{},[46,82021,82023],{"className":48,"code":82022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82024,82025,82042,82052,82056,82076,82095,82099],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82026,82027,82029,82032,82034,82036,82038,82040],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82028,34993],{"class":2226},[55,82030,82031],{"class":34996}," add",[55,82033,103],{"class":69},[55,82035,36],{"class":37802},[55,82037,77],{"class":69},[55,82039,2720],{"class":37802},[55,82041,8502],{"class":69},[55,82043,82044,82046,82048,82050],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,82045,35004],{"class":4040},[55,82047,44687],{"class":61},[55,82049,2220],{"class":65},[55,82051,36321],{"class":61},[55,82053,82054],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,82055,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,82057,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072,82074],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,82059,62],{"class":61},[55,82061,66],{"class":65},[55,82063,70],{"class":69},[55,82065,74],{"class":73},[55,82067,77],{"class":69},[55,82069,80],{"class":73},[55,82071,77],{"class":69},[55,82073,111],{"class":73},[55,82075,88],{"class":69},[55,82077,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086,82089,82091,82093],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,82079,1255],{"class":61},[55,82081,66],{"class":65},[55,82083,80004],{"class":120},[55,82085,103],{"class":69},[55,82087,82088],{"class":99},"add",[55,82090,77],{"class":69},[55,82092,1260],{"class":99},[55,82094,114],{"class":69},[55,82096,82097],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,82098,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,82100,82101,82103,82105,82107,82109,82111],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,82102,121],{"class":120},[55,82104,103],{"class":69},[55,82106,1899],{"class":1898},[55,82108,103],{"class":69},[55,82110,1288],{"class":99},[55,82112,1867],{"class":69},[20,82114,16805],{},[46,82116,82118],{"className":48,"code":82117,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82119,82120,82136,82146,82150,82170,82190,82212,82216],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82121,82122,82124,82126,82128,82130,82132,82134],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82123,34993],{"class":2226},[55,82125,82031],{"class":34996},[55,82127,103],{"class":69},[55,82129,36],{"class":37802},[55,82131,77],{"class":69},[55,82133,2720],{"class":37802},[55,82135,8502],{"class":69},[55,82137,82138,82140,82142,82144],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,82139,35004],{"class":4040},[55,82141,44687],{"class":61},[55,82143,2220],{"class":65},[55,82145,36321],{"class":61},[55,82147,82148],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,82149,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,82151,82152,82154,82156,82158,82160,82162,82164,82166,82168],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,82153,80640],{"class":61},[55,82155,66],{"class":65},[55,82157,70],{"class":69},[55,82159,74],{"class":73},[55,82161,77],{"class":69},[55,82163,80],{"class":73},[55,82165,77],{"class":69},[55,82167,111],{"class":73},[55,82169,88],{"class":69},[55,82171,82172,82174,82176,82178,82180,82182,82184,82186,82188],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,82173,80661],{"class":61},[55,82175,66],{"class":65},[55,82177,70],{"class":69},[55,82179,800],{"class":73},[55,82181,77],{"class":69},[55,82183,7951],{"class":73},[55,82185,77],{"class":69},[55,82187,7956],{"class":73},[55,82189,88],{"class":69},[55,82191,82192,82194,82196,82198,82200,82202,82204,82206,82208,82210],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,82193,1255],{"class":61},[55,82195,66],{"class":65},[55,82197,80004],{"class":120},[55,82199,103],{"class":69},[55,82201,82088],{"class":99},[55,82203,77],{"class":69},[55,82205,80699],{"class":99},[55,82207,77],{"class":69},[55,82209,80704],{"class":99},[55,82211,114],{"class":69},[55,82213,82214],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,82215,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,82217,82218,82220,82222,82224,82226,82228],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,82219,121],{"class":120},[55,82221,103],{"class":69},[55,82223,1899],{"class":1898},[55,82225,103],{"class":69},[55,82227,1288],{"class":99},[55,82229,1867],{"class":69},[577,82231,82233],{"id":82232},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82235,1343],{},[46,82237,82238],{"className":48,"code":81240,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,82239,82240,82260,82278,82282,82296],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82241,82242,82244,82246,82248,82250,82252,82254,82256,82258],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82243,62],{"class":61},[55,82245,66],{"class":65},[55,82247,70],{"class":69},[55,82249,74],{"class":73},[55,82251,77],{"class":69},[55,82253,80],{"class":73},[55,82255,77],{"class":69},[55,82257,111],{"class":73},[55,82259,88],{"class":69},[55,82261,82262,82264,82266,82268,82270,82272,82274,82276],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,82263,1255],{"class":61},[55,82265,66],{"class":65},[55,82267,80004],{"class":120},[55,82269,103],{"class":69},[55,82271,3607],{"class":1898},[55,82273,77],{"class":69},[55,82275,1260],{"class":99},[55,82277,114],{"class":69},[55,82279,82280],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,82281,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,82283,82284,82286,82288,82290,82292,82294],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,82285,121],{"class":120},[55,82287,103],{"class":69},[55,82289,1899],{"class":1898},[55,82291,103],{"class":69},[55,82293,1288],{"class":99},[55,82295,1867],{"class":69},[55,82297,82298,82300,82302,82304,82306,82308],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,82299,121],{"class":120},[55,82301,103],{"class":69},[55,82303,1899],{"class":1898},[55,82305,103],{"class":69},[55,82307,1288],{"class":99},[55,82309,1867],{"class":69},[20,82311,82312],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82314,82315],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[142,82317,1830],{"id":1829},[20,82319,1833,82320,82322],{},[15,82321,39857],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[46,82324,82326],{"className":48,"code":82325,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82327,82328,82338,82352,82366,82378],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82329,82330,82332,82334,82336],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82331,121],{"class":120},[55,82333,103],{"class":69},[55,82335,1288],{"class":99},[55,82337,114],{"class":69},[55,82339,82340,82342,82344,82346,82348,82350],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,82341,121],{"class":120},[55,82343,103],{"class":69},[55,82345,1899],{"class":1898},[55,82347,103],{"class":69},[55,82349,1288],{"class":99},[55,82351,1867],{"class":69},[55,82353,82354,82356,82358,82360,82362,82364],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,82355,121],{"class":120},[55,82357,103],{"class":69},[55,82359,1910],{"class":1898},[55,82361,103],{"class":69},[55,82363,1288],{"class":99},[55,82365,1867],{"class":69},[55,82367,82368,82370,82372,82374,82376],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,82369,6115],{"class":4040},[55,82371,6118],{"class":61},[55,82373,4047],{"class":4040},[55,82375,81199],{"class":61},[55,82377,6552],{"class":69},[55,82379,82380,82382,82384,82386],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,82381,8230],{"class":120},[55,82383,103],{"class":69},[55,82385,220],{"class":99},[55,82387,114],{"class":69},[20,82389,12828],{},[155,82391,82392,82397,82402,82408],{},[158,82393,82394,82396],{},[15,82395,33171],{}," shows that you have a map object",[158,82398,82399,82401],{},[15,82400,33179],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[158,82403,82404,82407],{},[15,82405,82406],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[158,82409,82410,82411,82413],{},"looping over ",[15,82412,1288],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82415,82416,82417,82420,82421,82423],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82418,82419],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82422,6115],{}," loop consume the map object.",[142,82425,1986],{"id":1985},[577,82427,1990,82429,82431],{"id":82428},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82430,39857],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82433,82434,82435,82437,82438,24083],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82436,39857],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82439,82440],{},"list(map(...))",[577,82442,15052,82444,82446,82447,82449],{"id":82443},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82445,39857],{}," better than a ",[15,82448,6115],{}," loop?",[20,82451,82452,82453,82455,82456,82458],{},"Not always. ",[15,82454,39857],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82457,6115],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[577,82460,2009,82462,82464],{"id":82461},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82463,39857],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82466,82467],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[577,82469,82471],{"id":82470},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82473,82474],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[142,82476,2039],{"id":2038},[155,82478,82479,82485,82491,82495,82499],{},[158,82480,82481],{},[36,82482,3740,82483,3673],{"href":40226},[15,82484,37715],{},[158,82486,82487],{},[36,82488,3740,82489,3673],{"href":64972},[15,82490,24925],{},[158,82492,82493],{},[36,82494,5381],{"href":5292},[158,82496,82497],{},[36,82498,5386],{"href":4554},[158,82500,82501],{},[36,82502,5376],{"href":5296},[2080,82504,82505],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":82507},[82508,82509,82511,82512,82513,82515,82520,82527,82529,82536,82537,82546],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":80083,"depth":91,"text":82510},"What map() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":80402,"depth":91,"text":82514},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80586,"depth":91,"text":82516,"children":82517},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82518],{"id":80774,"depth":117,"text":82519},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80931,"depth":91,"text":82521,"children":82522},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82523,82525,82526],{"id":80949,"depth":117,"text":82524},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81140,"depth":117,"text":81141},{"id":81233,"depth":117,"text":81234},{"id":81494,"depth":91,"text":82528},"When to use map()",{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":82530},[82531,82533,82534,82535],{"id":81803,"depth":117,"text":82532},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81892,"depth":117,"text":81893},{"id":82013,"depth":117,"text":82014},{"id":82232,"depth":117,"text":82233},{"id":1829,"depth":91,"text":1830},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":82538},[82539,82541,82543,82545],{"id":82428,"depth":117,"text":82540},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82443,"depth":117,"text":82542},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82461,"depth":117,"text":82544},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82470,"depth":117,"text":82471},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79915,"description":82547},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82554,"title":82555,"body":82556,"description":84576,"extension":2124,"meta":84577,"navigation":428,"path":84578,"seo":84579,"stem":84580,"__hash__":84581},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82557,"toc":84534},[82558,82564,82569,82572,82580,82583,82585,82709,82711,82729,82731,82751,82756,82760,82774,82777,82780,82782,82787,82899,82902,82920,82926,82929,82991,82993,83002,83005,83019,83021,83069,83071,83080,83090,83096,83099,83126,83128,83136,83139,83142,83212,83214,83222,83225,83230,83235,83286,83288,83296,83299,83301,83318,83320,83372,83375,83381,83385,83390,83393,83397,83456,83458,83467,83473,83482,83486,83549,83551,83559,83564,83568,83573,83653,83655,83664,83671,83676,83681,83684,83719,83721,83729,83732,83738,83740,83790,83792,83801,83804,83822,83824,83829,83835,83842,83869,83871,83894,83899,83934,83939,83945,83950,83993,83996,83999,84038,84045,84051,84056,84071,84075,84082,84085,84089,84094,84098,84103,84105,84166,84168,84197,84202,84209,84218,84220,84223,84248,84250,84353,84356,84374,84383,84385,84390,84393,84399,84402,84404,84414,84420,84424,84482,84489,84497,84499,84531],[10,82559,3740,82561,3744],{"id":82560},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82562,82563],{},"max()",[20,82565,9284,82566,82568],{},[15,82567,82563],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82570,82571],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[155,82573,82574,82577],{},[158,82575,82576],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[158,82578,82579],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82581,82582],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[142,82584,2165],{"id":2164},[46,82586,82588],{"className":48,"code":82587,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82589,82590,82614,82629,82633,82659,82663,82695],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82591,82592,82594,82596,82598,82600,82602,82604,82606,82608,82610,82612],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82593,62],{"class":61},[55,82595,66],{"class":65},[55,82597,70],{"class":69},[55,82599,2223],{"class":73},[55,82601,77],{"class":69},[55,82603,6518],{"class":73},[55,82605,77],{"class":69},[55,82607,80],{"class":73},[55,82609,77],{"class":69},[55,82611,4766],{"class":73},[55,82613,88],{"class":69},[55,82615,82616,82618,82620,82623,82625,82627],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,82617,121],{"class":120},[55,82619,103],{"class":69},[55,82621,82622],{"class":120},"max",[55,82624,103],{"class":69},[55,82626,94],{"class":99},[55,82628,1867],{"class":69},[55,82630,82631],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,82632,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,82634,82635,82637,82639,82641,82643,82645,82647,82649,82651,82653,82655,82657],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,82636,121],{"class":120},[55,82638,103],{"class":69},[55,82640,82622],{"class":120},[55,82642,103],{"class":69},[55,82644,2223],{"class":73},[55,82646,77],{"class":69},[55,82648,6518],{"class":73},[55,82650,77],{"class":69},[55,82652,80],{"class":73},[55,82654,77],{"class":69},[55,82656,4766],{"class":73},[55,82658,1867],{"class":69},[55,82660,82661],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,82662,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,82664,82665,82667,82669,82671,82673,82675,82677,82679,82681,82683,82685,82687,82689,82691,82693],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,82666,4234],{"class":61},[55,82668,66],{"class":65},[55,82670,70],{"class":69},[55,82672,248],{"class":247},[55,82674,1035],{"class":251},[55,82676,248],{"class":247},[55,82678,77],{"class":69},[55,82680,258],{"class":247},[55,82682,1072],{"class":251},[55,82684,248],{"class":247},[55,82686,77],{"class":69},[55,82688,258],{"class":247},[55,82690,78726],{"class":251},[55,82692,248],{"class":247},[55,82694,88],{"class":69},[55,82696,82697,82699,82701,82703,82705,82707],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,82698,121],{"class":120},[55,82700,103],{"class":69},[55,82702,82622],{"class":120},[55,82704,103],{"class":69},[55,82706,4276],{"class":99},[55,82708,1867],{"class":69},[20,82710,302],{},[46,82712,82714],{"className":48,"code":82713,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82715,82716,82720,82724],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82717,82718],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82719,2542],{"class":73},[55,82721,82722],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,82723,2542],{"class":73},[55,82725,82726],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,82727,82728],{"class":61},"pear\n",[20,82730,20104],{},[155,82732,82733,82739,82745],{},[158,82734,82735,82738],{},[15,82736,82737],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[158,82740,82741,82744],{},[15,82742,82743],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[158,82746,82747,82750],{},[15,82748,82749],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[142,82752,145,82754,148],{"id":82753},"what-max-does",[15,82755,82563],{},[20,82757,82758,153],{},[15,82759,82563],{},[155,82761,82762,82765,82768,82771],{},[158,82763,82764],{},"Returns the largest item",[158,82766,82767],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[158,82769,82770],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[158,82772,82773],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82775,82776],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82778,82779],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[142,82781,2319],{"id":2318},[20,82783,82784,82785,153],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82786,82563],{},[46,82788,82790],{"className":48,"code":82789,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82791,82792,82802,82826,82848,82871],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82793,82794,82796,82798,82800],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82795,82622],{"class":120},[55,82797,103],{"class":69},[55,82799,3884],{"class":99},[55,82801,114],{"class":69},[55,82803,82804,82806,82808,82810,82812,82815,82817,82819,82821,82824],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,82805,82622],{"class":120},[55,82807,103],{"class":69},[55,82809,3884],{"class":99},[55,82811,77],{"class":69},[55,82813,82814],{"class":65}," *",[55,82816,77],{"class":69},[55,82818,21726],{"class":9337},[55,82820,66],{"class":65},[55,82822,82823],{"class":99},"func",[55,82825,114],{"class":69},[55,82827,82828,82830,82832,82834,82836,82838,82840,82842,82844,82846],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,82829,82622],{"class":120},[55,82831,103],{"class":69},[55,82833,3884],{"class":99},[55,82835,77],{"class":69},[55,82837,82814],{"class":65},[55,82839,77],{"class":69},[55,82841,26667],{"class":9337},[55,82843,66],{"class":65},[55,82845,2633],{"class":99},[55,82847,114],{"class":69},[55,82849,82850,82852,82854,82857,82859,82862,82864,82866,82869],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,82851,82622],{"class":120},[55,82853,103],{"class":69},[55,82855,82856],{"class":99},"arg1",[55,82858,77],{"class":69},[55,82860,82861],{"class":99}," arg2",[55,82863,77],{"class":69},[55,82865,82814],{"class":65},[55,82867,82868],{"class":99},"args",[55,82870,114],{"class":69},[55,82872,82873,82875,82877,82879,82881,82883,82885,82887,82889,82891,82893,82895,82897],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,82874,82622],{"class":120},[55,82876,103],{"class":69},[55,82878,82856],{"class":99},[55,82880,77],{"class":69},[55,82882,82861],{"class":99},[55,82884,77],{"class":69},[55,82886,82814],{"class":65},[55,82888,82868],{"class":99},[55,82890,77],{"class":69},[55,82892,21726],{"class":9337},[55,82894,66],{"class":65},[55,82896,82823],{"class":99},[55,82898,114],{"class":69},[20,82900,82901],{},"The most important parts are:",[155,82903,82904,82909,82914],{},[158,82905,82906,82908],{},[15,82907,3884],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[158,82910,82911,82913],{},[15,82912,14990],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[158,82915,82916,82919],{},[15,82917,82918],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[142,82921,8578,82923,82925],{"id":82922},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82924,82563],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82927,82928],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[46,82930,82932],{"className":48,"code":82931,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82933,82934,82960,82976,82980],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82935,82936,82938,82940,82942,82945,82947,82949,82951,82953,82955,82958],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82937,5224],{"class":61},[55,82939,66],{"class":65},[55,82941,70],{"class":69},[55,82943,82944],{"class":73},"72",[55,82946,77],{"class":69},[55,82948,51654],{"class":73},[55,82950,77],{"class":69},[55,82952,13658],{"class":73},[55,82954,77],{"class":69},[55,82956,82957],{"class":73}," 66",[55,82959,88],{"class":69},[55,82961,82962,82965,82967,82970,82972,82974],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,82963,82964],{"class":61},"highest_score ",[55,82966,66],{"class":65},[55,82968,82969],{"class":120}," max",[55,82971,103],{"class":69},[55,82973,16539],{"class":99},[55,82975,114],{"class":69},[55,82977,82978],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,82979,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,82981,82982,82984,82986,82989],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,82983,121],{"class":120},[55,82985,103],{"class":69},[55,82987,82988],{"class":99},"highest_score",[55,82990,114],{"class":69},[20,82992,302],{},[46,82994,82996],{"className":48,"code":82995,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"91\n",[15,82997,82998],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82999,83000],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83001,82995],{"class":73},[20,83003,83004],{},"This works well for:",[155,83006,83007,83010,83013,83016],{},[158,83008,83009],{},"Scores",[158,83011,83012],{},"Prices",[158,83014,83015],{},"Ages",[158,83017,83018],{},"Counts",[20,83020,52224],{},[46,83022,83024],{"className":48,"code":83023,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83025,83026,83054],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83027,83028,83031,83033,83035,83037,83039,83042,83044,83047,83049,83052],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83029,83030],{"class":61},"prices ",[55,83032,66],{"class":65},[55,83034,70],{"class":69},[55,83036,40539],{"class":73},[55,83038,77],{"class":69},[55,83040,83041],{"class":73}," 5.50",[55,83043,77],{"class":69},[55,83045,83046],{"class":73}," 12.75",[55,83048,77],{"class":69},[55,83050,83051],{"class":73}," 29.00",[55,83053,88],{"class":69},[55,83055,83056,83058,83060,83062,83064,83067],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,83057,121],{"class":120},[55,83059,103],{"class":69},[55,83061,82622],{"class":120},[55,83063,103],{"class":69},[55,83065,83066],{"class":99},"prices",[55,83068,1867],{"class":69},[20,83070,302],{},[46,83072,83074],{"className":48,"code":83073,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"29.0\n",[15,83075,83076],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83077,83078],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83079,83073],{"class":73},[20,83081,83082,83083,83085,83086,44],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83084,82563],{}," is simpler than ",[36,83087,83088],{"href":74503},[15,83089,74406],{},[142,83091,8578,83093,83095],{"id":83092},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83094,82563],{}," with separate values",[20,83097,83098],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[46,83100,83102],{"className":48,"code":83101,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83103,83104],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83105,83106,83108,83110,83112,83114,83116,83118,83120,83122,83124],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83107,121],{"class":120},[55,83109,103],{"class":69},[55,83111,82622],{"class":120},[55,83113,103],{"class":69},[55,83115,2665],{"class":73},[55,83117,77],{"class":69},[55,83119,31087],{"class":73},[55,83121,77],{"class":69},[55,83123,6151],{"class":73},[55,83125,1867],{"class":69},[20,83127,302],{},[46,83129,83130],{"className":48,"code":2388,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,83131,83132],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83133,83134],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83135,2388],{"class":73},[20,83137,83138],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83140,83141],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[46,83143,83145],{"className":48,"code":83144,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83146,83147,83156,83164,83174,83178,83201],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83148,83149,83151,83153],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83150,2715],{"class":61},[55,83152,66],{"class":65},[55,83154,83155],{"class":73}," 15\n",[55,83157,83158,83160,83162],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,83159,2743],{"class":61},[55,83161,66],{"class":65},[55,83163,2930],{"class":73},[55,83165,83166,83169,83171],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,83167,83168],{"class":61},"c ",[55,83170,66],{"class":65},[55,83172,83173],{"class":73}," 27\n",[55,83175,83176],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,83177,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,83179,83180,83183,83185,83187,83189,83191,83193,83195,83197,83199],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,83181,83182],{"class":61},"largest ",[55,83184,66],{"class":65},[55,83186,82969],{"class":120},[55,83188,103],{"class":69},[55,83190,36],{"class":99},[55,83192,77],{"class":69},[55,83194,2720],{"class":99},[55,83196,77],{"class":69},[55,83198,9844],{"class":99},[55,83200,114],{"class":69},[55,83202,83203,83205,83207,83210],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,83204,121],{"class":120},[55,83206,103],{"class":69},[55,83208,83209],{"class":99},"largest",[55,83211,114],{"class":69},[20,83213,302],{},[46,83215,83216],{"className":48,"code":46755,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,83217,83218],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83219,83220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83221,46755],{"class":73},[20,83223,83224],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[142,83226,8578,83228,47202],{"id":83227},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83229,82563],{},[20,83231,83232,83234],{},[15,83233,82563],{}," can compare strings too.",[46,83236,83238],{"className":48,"code":83237,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83239,83240,83272],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83241,83242,83244,83246,83248,83250,83252,83254,83256,83258,83260,83262,83264,83266,83268,83270],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83243,4234],{"class":61},[55,83245,66],{"class":65},[55,83247,70],{"class":69},[55,83249,248],{"class":247},[55,83251,1035],{"class":251},[55,83253,248],{"class":247},[55,83255,77],{"class":69},[55,83257,258],{"class":247},[55,83259,1072],{"class":251},[55,83261,248],{"class":247},[55,83263,77],{"class":69},[55,83265,258],{"class":247},[55,83267,78726],{"class":251},[55,83269,248],{"class":247},[55,83271,88],{"class":69},[55,83273,83274,83276,83278,83280,83282,83284],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,83275,121],{"class":120},[55,83277,103],{"class":69},[55,83279,82622],{"class":120},[55,83281,103],{"class":69},[55,83283,4276],{"class":99},[55,83285,1867],{"class":69},[20,83287,302],{},[46,83289,83290],{"className":48,"code":82728,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,83291,83292],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83293,83294],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83295,82728],{"class":61},[20,83297,83298],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83300,68265],{},[155,83302,83303,83312,83315],{},[158,83304,83305,83308,83309,83311],{},[15,83306,83307],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83310,65399],{}," alphabetically",[158,83313,83314],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[158,83316,83317],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83319,230],{},[46,83321,83323],{"className":48,"code":83322,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83324,83325,83358],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83326,83327,83329,83331,83333,83335,83337,83339,83341,83343,83346,83348,83350,83352,83354,83356],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83328,4234],{"class":61},[55,83330,66],{"class":65},[55,83332,70],{"class":69},[55,83334,248],{"class":247},[55,83336,1035],{"class":251},[55,83338,248],{"class":247},[55,83340,77],{"class":69},[55,83342,258],{"class":247},[55,83344,83345],{"class":251},"Banana",[55,83347,248],{"class":247},[55,83349,77],{"class":69},[55,83351,258],{"class":247},[55,83353,78726],{"class":251},[55,83355,248],{"class":247},[55,83357,88],{"class":69},[55,83359,83360,83362,83364,83366,83368,83370],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,83361,121],{"class":120},[55,83363,103],{"class":69},[55,83365,82622],{"class":120},[55,83367,103],{"class":69},[55,83369,4276],{"class":99},[55,83371,1867],{"class":69},[20,83373,83374],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83376,83377,83378,83380],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83379,14990],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[142,83382,36751,83383,36754],{"id":78684},[15,83384,14990],{},[20,83386,568,83387,83389],{},[15,83388,14990],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83391,83392],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[577,83394,83396],{"id":83395},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[46,83398,83400],{"className":48,"code":83399,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83401,83402,83434],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83403,83404,83406,83408,83410,83412,83414,83416,83418,83420,83422,83424,83426,83428,83430,83432],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83405,4234],{"class":61},[55,83407,66],{"class":65},[55,83409,70],{"class":69},[55,83411,248],{"class":247},[55,83413,37186],{"class":251},[55,83415,248],{"class":247},[55,83417,77],{"class":69},[55,83419,258],{"class":247},[55,83421,68308],{"class":251},[55,83423,248],{"class":247},[55,83425,77],{"class":69},[55,83427,258],{"class":247},[55,83429,58250],{"class":251},[55,83431,248],{"class":247},[55,83433,88],{"class":69},[55,83435,83436,83438,83440,83442,83444,83446,83448,83450,83452,83454],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,83437,121],{"class":120},[55,83439,103],{"class":69},[55,83441,82622],{"class":120},[55,83443,103],{"class":69},[55,83445,4276],{"class":99},[55,83447,77],{"class":69},[55,83449,21726],{"class":9337},[55,83451,66],{"class":65},[55,83453,1860],{"class":120},[55,83455,1867],{"class":69},[20,83457,302],{},[46,83459,83461],{"className":48,"code":83460,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"elephant\n",[15,83462,83463],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83464,83465],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83466,83460],{"class":61},[20,83468,341,83469,83472],{},[15,83470,83471],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83474,83475,83476,33772,83478,44],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83477,42503],{},[36,83479,83480,5942],{"href":42500},[15,83481,42503],{},[577,83483,83485],{"id":83484},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[46,83487,83489],{"className":48,"code":83488,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83490,83491,83523],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83492,83493,83495,83497,83499,83501,83503,83505,83507,83509,83511,83513,83515,83517,83519,83521],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83494,4234],{"class":61},[55,83496,66],{"class":65},[55,83498,70],{"class":69},[55,83500,248],{"class":247},[55,83502,1035],{"class":251},[55,83504,248],{"class":247},[55,83506,77],{"class":69},[55,83508,258],{"class":247},[55,83510,83345],{"class":251},[55,83512,248],{"class":247},[55,83514,77],{"class":69},[55,83516,258],{"class":247},[55,83518,78726],{"class":251},[55,83520,248],{"class":247},[55,83522,88],{"class":69},[55,83524,83525,83527,83529,83531,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545,83547],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,83526,121],{"class":120},[55,83528,103],{"class":69},[55,83530,82622],{"class":120},[55,83532,103],{"class":69},[55,83534,4276],{"class":99},[55,83536,77],{"class":69},[55,83538,21726],{"class":9337},[55,83540,66],{"class":65},[55,83542,3607],{"class":1898},[55,83544,44],{"class":69},[55,83546,8801],{"class":1880},[55,83548,1867],{"class":69},[20,83550,302],{},[46,83552,83553],{"className":48,"code":82728,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,83554,83555],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83556,83557],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83558,82728],{"class":61},[20,83560,341,83561,83563],{},[15,83562,78680],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[577,83565,83567],{"id":83566},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83569,83570,83571,153],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83572,37799],{},[46,83574,83576],{"className":48,"code":83575,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83577,83578,83621],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83579,83580,83582,83584,83586,83588,83590,83592,83594,83596,83599,83601,83603,83605,83608,83610,83612,83614,83617,83619],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83581,1026],{"class":61},[55,83583,66],{"class":65},[55,83585,70],{"class":69},[55,83587,248],{"class":247},[55,83589,36],{"class":251},[55,83591,248],{"class":247},[55,83593,77],{"class":69},[55,83595,258],{"class":247},[55,83597,83598],{"class":251},"bb",[55,83600,248],{"class":247},[55,83602,77],{"class":69},[55,83604,258],{"class":247},[55,83606,83607],{"class":251},"cccc",[55,83609,248],{"class":247},[55,83611,77],{"class":69},[55,83613,258],{"class":247},[55,83615,83616],{"class":251},"ddd",[55,83618,248],{"class":247},[55,83620,88],{"class":69},[55,83622,83623,83625,83627,83629,83631,83633,83635,83637,83639,83641,83643,83645,83647,83649,83651],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,83624,121],{"class":120},[55,83626,103],{"class":69},[55,83628,82622],{"class":120},[55,83630,103],{"class":69},[55,83632,1057],{"class":99},[55,83634,77],{"class":69},[55,83636,21726],{"class":9337},[55,83638,66],{"class":65},[55,83640,37799],{"class":2226},[55,83642,42984],{"class":37802},[55,83644,153],{"class":69},[55,83646,38526],{"class":120},[55,83648,103],{"class":69},[55,83650,34850],{"class":99},[55,83652,3075],{"class":69},[20,83654,302],{},[46,83656,83658],{"className":48,"code":83657,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"cccc\n",[15,83659,83660],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83661,83662],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83663,83657],{"class":61},[20,83665,49694,83666,352,83668,83670],{},[15,83667,83471],{},[15,83669,78567],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[142,83672,36751,83674,36754],{"id":83673},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83675,82918],{},[20,83677,568,83678,83680],{},[15,83679,82918],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83682,83683],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[46,83685,83687],{"className":48,"code":83686,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83688,83689,83697],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83690,83691,83693,83695],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83692,62],{"class":61},[55,83694,66],{"class":65},[55,83696,7999],{"class":69},[55,83698,83699,83701,83703,83705,83707,83709,83711,83713,83715,83717],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,83700,121],{"class":120},[55,83702,103],{"class":69},[55,83704,82622],{"class":120},[55,83706,103],{"class":69},[55,83708,94],{"class":99},[55,83710,77],{"class":69},[55,83712,26667],{"class":9337},[55,83714,66],{"class":65},[55,83716,227],{"class":73},[55,83718,1867],{"class":69},[20,83720,302],{},[46,83722,83723],{"className":48,"code":47395,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,83724,83725],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83726,83727],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83728,47395],{"class":73},[20,83730,83731],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83733,83734,83735,83737],{},"Without ",[15,83736,82918],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83739,52224],{},[46,83741,83743],{"className":48,"code":83742,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83744,83745,83753,83780],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83746,83747,83749,83751],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83748,4234],{"class":61},[55,83750,66],{"class":65},[55,83752,7999],{"class":69},[55,83754,83755,83757,83759,83761,83763,83765,83767,83769,83771,83773,83776,83778],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,83756,1255],{"class":61},[55,83758,66],{"class":65},[55,83760,82969],{"class":120},[55,83762,103],{"class":69},[55,83764,4276],{"class":99},[55,83766,77],{"class":69},[55,83768,26667],{"class":9337},[55,83770,66],{"class":65},[55,83772,248],{"class":247},[55,83774,83775],{"class":251},"no words found",[55,83777,248],{"class":247},[55,83779,114],{"class":69},[55,83781,83782,83784,83786,83788],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,83783,121],{"class":120},[55,83785,103],{"class":69},[55,83787,1288],{"class":99},[55,83789,114],{"class":69},[20,83791,302],{},[46,83793,83795],{"className":48,"code":83794,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"no words found\n",[15,83796,83797],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83798,83799],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83800,83794],{"class":61},[20,83802,83803],{},"Important:",[155,83805,83806,83814],{},[158,83807,83808,83810,83811],{},[15,83809,82918],{}," works with ",[15,83812,83813],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[158,83815,41047,83816,83818,83819],{},[1966,83817,1968],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83820,83821],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[142,83823,48130],{"id":48129},[20,83825,83826,83827,44],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83828,82563],{},[577,83830,83832,83834],{"id":83831},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83833,40845],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83836,83837,83838,46051,83840,44],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83839,82918],{},[15,83841,40845],{},[46,83843,83845],{"className":48,"code":83844,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83846,83847,83855],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83848,83849,83851,83853],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83850,62],{"class":61},[55,83852,66],{"class":65},[55,83854,7999],{"class":69},[55,83856,83857,83859,83861,83863,83865,83867],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,83858,121],{"class":120},[55,83860,103],{"class":69},[55,83862,82622],{"class":120},[55,83864,103],{"class":69},[55,83866,94],{"class":99},[55,83868,1867],{"class":69},[20,83870,29825],{},[46,83872,83874],{"className":48,"code":83873,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83875,83876],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83877,83878,83880,83882,83884,83886,83889,83891],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83879,40845],{"class":1898},[55,83881,153],{"class":69},[55,83883,82969],{"class":120},[55,83885,7526],{"class":69},[55,83887,83888],{"class":61}," arg ",[55,83890,12350],{"class":65},[55,83892,83893],{"class":61}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83895,83896,83897,153],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83898,82918],{},[46,83900,83902],{"className":48,"code":83901,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83903,83904,83912],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83905,83906,83908,83910],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83907,62],{"class":61},[55,83909,66],{"class":65},[55,83911,7999],{"class":69},[55,83913,83914,83916,83918,83920,83922,83924,83926,83928,83930,83932],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,83915,121],{"class":120},[55,83917,103],{"class":69},[55,83919,82622],{"class":120},[55,83921,103],{"class":69},[55,83923,94],{"class":99},[55,83925,77],{"class":69},[55,83927,26667],{"class":9337},[55,83929,66],{"class":65},[55,83931,172],{"class":1312},[55,83933,1867],{"class":69},[20,83935,83936,83937,44],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[36,83938,65963],{"href":72860},[577,83940,83942,83944],{"id":83941},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83943,3168],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83946,83947,83948,44],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83949,3168],{},[46,83951,83953],{"className":48,"code":83952,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83954,83955,83979],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83956,83957,83959,83961,83963,83965,83967,83969,83971,83973,83975,83977],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83958,1026],{"class":61},[55,83960,66],{"class":65},[55,83962,70],{"class":69},[55,83964,800],{"class":73},[55,83966,77],{"class":69},[55,83968,258],{"class":247},[55,83970,15904],{"class":251},[55,83972,248],{"class":247},[55,83974,77],{"class":69},[55,83976,7956],{"class":73},[55,83978,88],{"class":69},[55,83980,83981,83983,83985,83987,83989,83991],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,83982,121],{"class":120},[55,83984,103],{"class":69},[55,83986,82622],{"class":120},[55,83988,103],{"class":69},[55,83990,1057],{"class":99},[55,83992,1867],{"class":69},[20,83994,83995],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83997,83998],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[46,84000,84002],{"className":48,"code":84001,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84003,84004,84024],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84005,84006,84008,84010,84012,84014,84016,84018,84020,84022],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84007,1026],{"class":61},[55,84009,66],{"class":65},[55,84011,70],{"class":69},[55,84013,800],{"class":73},[55,84015,77],{"class":69},[55,84017,7951],{"class":73},[55,84019,77],{"class":69},[55,84021,7956],{"class":73},[55,84023,88],{"class":69},[55,84025,84026,84028,84030,84032,84034,84036],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,84027,121],{"class":120},[55,84029,103],{"class":69},[55,84031,82622],{"class":120},[55,84033,103],{"class":69},[55,84035,1057],{"class":99},[55,84037,1867],{"class":69},[20,84039,84040,84041,44],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[36,84042,84044],{"href":84043},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[577,84046,84048,84050],{"id":84047},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84049,3168],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84052,84053,84055],{},[15,84054,82563],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[46,84057,84059],{"className":48,"code":84058,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(max())\n",[15,84060,84061],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84062,84063,84065,84067,84069],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84064,121],{"class":120},[55,84066,103],{"class":69},[55,84068,82622],{"class":120},[55,84070,7354],{"class":69},[20,84072,3165,84073,44],{},[15,84074,3168],{},[142,84076,84078,982,84080],{"id":84077},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84079,82563],{},[15,84081,74406],{},[20,84083,84084],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84086,84087,153],{},[15,84088,82563],{},[155,84090,84091],{},[158,84092,84093],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84095,84096,153],{},[15,84097,74406],{},[155,84099,84100],{},[158,84101,84102],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84104,230],{},[46,84106,84108],{"className":48,"code":84107,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84109,84110,84134,84138,84152],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84111,84112,84114,84116,84118,84120,84122,84124,84126,84128,84130,84132],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84113,62],{"class":61},[55,84115,66],{"class":65},[55,84117,70],{"class":69},[55,84119,2223],{"class":73},[55,84121,77],{"class":69},[55,84123,6518],{"class":73},[55,84125,77],{"class":69},[55,84127,80],{"class":73},[55,84129,77],{"class":69},[55,84131,4766],{"class":73},[55,84133,88],{"class":69},[55,84135,84136],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,84137,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,84139,84140,84142,84144,84146,84148,84150],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,84141,121],{"class":120},[55,84143,103],{"class":69},[55,84145,82622],{"class":120},[55,84147,103],{"class":69},[55,84149,94],{"class":99},[55,84151,1867],{"class":69},[55,84153,84154,84156,84158,84160,84162,84164],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,84155,121],{"class":120},[55,84157,103],{"class":69},[55,84159,74496],{"class":120},[55,84161,103],{"class":69},[55,84163,94],{"class":99},[55,84165,1867],{"class":69},[20,84167,302],{},[46,84169,84171],{"className":48,"code":84170,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84172,84173,84177],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84174,84175],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84176,2542],{"class":73},[55,84178,84179,84181,84183,84185,84187,84189,84191,84193,84195],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,84180,312],{"class":69},[55,84182,106],{"class":73},[55,84184,77],{"class":69},[55,84186,111],{"class":73},[55,84188,77],{"class":69},[55,84190,4766],{"class":73},[55,84192,77],{"class":69},[55,84194,6518],{"class":73},[55,84196,88],{"class":69},[20,84198,31,84199,84201],{},[15,84200,82563],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84203,31,84204,84208],{},[36,84205,84206],{"href":74503},[15,84207,74406],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84210,84211,84212,44],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[36,84213,84215],{"href":84214},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84216,84217],{},"min()",[142,84219,2992],{"id":2991},[20,84221,84222],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[155,84224,84225,84232,84235,84240,84243],{},[158,84226,29794,84227,84229,84230],{},[15,84228,82563],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84231,82918],{},[158,84233,84234],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[158,84236,1553,84237,84239],{},[15,84238,82563],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[158,84241,84242],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[158,84244,8578,84245,84247],{},[15,84246,82918],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84249,11273],{},[46,84251,84253],{"className":48,"code":84252,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84254,84255,84265,84279,84293,84307,84329],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84256,84257,84259,84261,84263],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84258,121],{"class":120},[55,84260,103],{"class":69},[55,84262,1057],{"class":99},[55,84264,114],{"class":69},[55,84266,84267,84269,84271,84273,84275,84277],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,84268,121],{"class":120},[55,84270,103],{"class":69},[55,84272,1910],{"class":1898},[55,84274,103],{"class":69},[55,84276,1057],{"class":99},[55,84278,1867],{"class":69},[55,84280,84281,84283,84285,84287,84289,84291],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,84282,121],{"class":120},[55,84284,103],{"class":69},[55,84286,1860],{"class":120},[55,84288,103],{"class":69},[55,84290,1057],{"class":99},[55,84292,1867],{"class":69},[55,84294,84295,84297,84299,84301,84303,84305],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,84296,121],{"class":120},[55,84298,103],{"class":69},[55,84300,82622],{"class":120},[55,84302,103],{"class":69},[55,84304,1057],{"class":99},[55,84306,1867],{"class":69},[55,84308,84309,84311,84313,84315,84317,84319,84321,84323,84325,84327],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,84310,121],{"class":120},[55,84312,103],{"class":69},[55,84314,82622],{"class":120},[55,84316,103],{"class":69},[55,84318,1057],{"class":99},[55,84320,77],{"class":69},[55,84322,26667],{"class":9337},[55,84324,66],{"class":65},[55,84326,172],{"class":1312},[55,84328,1867],{"class":69},[55,84330,84331,84333,84335,84337,84339,84341,84343,84345,84347,84349,84351],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,84332,121],{"class":120},[55,84334,3149],{"class":69},[55,84336,1910],{"class":1898},[55,84338,103],{"class":69},[55,84340,2336],{"class":99},[55,84342,3825],{"class":69},[55,84344,4041],{"class":4040},[55,84346,4044],{"class":99},[55,84348,4047],{"class":4040},[55,84350,6123],{"class":99},[55,84352,1777],{"class":69},[20,84354,84355],{},"These are useful for checking:",[155,84357,84358,84363,84368,84371],{},[158,84359,84360,84361],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84362,1057],{},[158,84364,79733,84365,84367],{},[15,84366,1057],{}," is a list or some other type",[158,84369,84370],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[158,84372,84373],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84375,69329,84376,84379,84380,84382],{},[15,84377,84378],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84381,1057],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[142,84384,1986],{"id":1985},[577,84386,5303,84388,5306],{"id":84387},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84389,82563],{},[20,84391,84392],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[577,84394,2009,84396,84398],{"id":84395},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84397,82563],{}," work with strings?",[20,84400,84401],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[577,84403,71628],{"id":71627},[20,84405,84406,52639,84408,84410,84411,84413],{},[15,84407,82563],{},[15,84409,40845],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84412,82918],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[577,84415,84417,84418,2027],{"id":84416},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84419,82563],{},[20,84421,31,84422,153],{},[15,84423,83471],{},[46,84425,84426],{"className":48,"code":83399,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,84427,84428,84460],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84429,84430,84432,84434,84436,84438,84440,84442,84444,84446,84448,84450,84452,84454,84456,84458],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84431,4234],{"class":61},[55,84433,66],{"class":65},[55,84435,70],{"class":69},[55,84437,248],{"class":247},[55,84439,37186],{"class":251},[55,84441,248],{"class":247},[55,84443,77],{"class":69},[55,84445,258],{"class":247},[55,84447,68308],{"class":251},[55,84449,248],{"class":247},[55,84451,77],{"class":69},[55,84453,258],{"class":247},[55,84455,58250],{"class":251},[55,84457,248],{"class":247},[55,84459,88],{"class":69},[55,84461,84462,84464,84466,84468,84470,84472,84474,84476,84478,84480],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,84463,121],{"class":120},[55,84465,103],{"class":69},[55,84467,82622],{"class":120},[55,84469,103],{"class":69},[55,84471,4276],{"class":99},[55,84473,77],{"class":69},[55,84475,21726],{"class":9337},[55,84477,66],{"class":65},[55,84479,1860],{"class":120},[55,84481,1867],{"class":69},[577,84483,2022,84485,352,84487,2027],{"id":84484},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84486,82563],{},[15,84488,74406],{},[20,84490,84491,84493,84494,84496],{},[15,84492,82563],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":84535},[84536,84537,84539,84540,84542,84544,84546,84551,84553,84561,84563,84564,84575],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":82753,"depth":91,"text":84538},"What max() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":82922,"depth":91,"text":84541},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83092,"depth":91,"text":84543},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83227,"depth":91,"text":84545},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78684,"depth":91,"text":79882,"children":84547},[84548,84549,84550],{"id":83395,"depth":117,"text":83396},{"id":83484,"depth":117,"text":83485},{"id":83566,"depth":117,"text":83567},{"id":83673,"depth":91,"text":84552},"Using the default argument",{"id":48129,"depth":91,"text":48130,"children":84554},[84555,84557,84559],{"id":83831,"depth":117,"text":84556},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83941,"depth":117,"text":84558},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84047,"depth":117,"text":84560},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84077,"depth":91,"text":84562},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":84565},[84566,84568,84570,84571,84573],{"id":84387,"depth":117,"text":84567},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84395,"depth":117,"text":84569},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71627,"depth":117,"text":71628},{"id":84416,"depth":117,"text":84572},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84484,"depth":117,"text":84574},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82555,"description":84576},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84583,"title":84584,"body":84585,"description":86539,"extension":2124,"meta":86540,"navigation":428,"path":86541,"seo":86542,"stem":86543,"__hash__":86544},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84586,"toc":86496},[84587,84592,84597,84603,84605,84679,84681,84694,84699,84704,84720,84724,84729,84805,84811,84814,84857,84859,84867,84873,84876,84907,84909,84917,84923,84928,84987,84989,84998,85001,85011,85017,85022,85057,85059,85067,85073,85079,85084,85128,85130,85139,85142,85182,85184,85193,85196,85208,85213,85218,85269,85271,85280,85283,85334,85336,85345,85348,85355,85361,85366,85368,85383,85387,85447,85449,85458,85462,85634,85636,85673,85680,85686,85689,85716,85718,85739,85744,85779,85781,85789,85792,85795,85811,85816,85818,85822,85828,85832,85859,85862,85872,85912,85916,85919,85962,85964,85973,85976,85981,86050,86052,86060,86065,86069,86072,86123,86125,86133,86136,86199,86201,86209,86212,86217,86221,86234,86241,86249,86251,86253,86283,86289,86390,86400,86402,86407,86410,86415,86418,86420,86428,86436,86444,86451,86459,86461,86493],[10,84588,3740,84590,3744],{"id":84589},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84591,84217],{},[20,84593,84594,84596],{},[15,84595,84217],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84598,84599,84600,84602],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84601,84217],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[142,84604,2165],{"id":2164},[46,84606,84608],{"className":48,"code":84607,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84609,84610,84634,84649,84653],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84611,84612,84614,84616,84618,84620,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84613,62],{"class":61},[55,84615,66],{"class":65},[55,84617,70],{"class":69},[55,84619,2297],{"class":73},[55,84621,77],{"class":69},[55,84623,80],{"class":73},[55,84625,77],{"class":69},[55,84627,54271],{"class":73},[55,84629,77],{"class":69},[55,84631,630],{"class":73},[55,84633,88],{"class":69},[55,84635,84636,84638,84640,84643,84645,84647],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,84637,121],{"class":120},[55,84639,103],{"class":69},[55,84641,84642],{"class":120},"min",[55,84644,103],{"class":69},[55,84646,94],{"class":99},[55,84648,1867],{"class":69},[55,84650,84651],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,84652,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,84654,84655,84657,84659,84661,84663,84665,84667,84669,84671,84673,84675,84677],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,84656,121],{"class":120},[55,84658,103],{"class":69},[55,84660,84642],{"class":120},[55,84662,103],{"class":69},[55,84664,2297],{"class":73},[55,84666,77],{"class":69},[55,84668,80],{"class":73},[55,84670,77],{"class":69},[55,84672,54271],{"class":73},[55,84674,77],{"class":69},[55,84676,630],{"class":73},[55,84678,1867],{"class":69},[20,84680,302],{},[46,84682,84684],{"className":48,"code":84683,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1\n1\n",[15,84685,84686,84690],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84687,84688],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84689,47060],{"class":73},[55,84691,84692],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,84693,47060],{"class":73},[20,84695,31,84696,84698],{},[15,84697,84217],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[142,84700,145,84702,148],{"id":84701},"what-min-does",[15,84703,84217],{},[155,84705,84706,84711,84714,84717],{},[158,84707,84708,84710],{},[15,84709,84217],{}," returns the smallest item",[158,84712,84713],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[158,84715,84716],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[158,84718,84719],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[142,84721,84723],{"id":84722},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84725,84726,84727,153],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84728,84217],{},[46,84730,84732],{"className":48,"code":84731,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84733,84734,84744,84769,84787],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84735,84736,84738,84740,84742],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84737,84642],{"class":120},[55,84739,103],{"class":69},[55,84741,3884],{"class":99},[55,84743,114],{"class":69},[55,84745,84746,84748,84750,84753,84755,84758,84760,84763,84765,84767],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,84747,84642],{"class":120},[55,84749,103],{"class":69},[55,84751,84752],{"class":99},"value1",[55,84754,77],{"class":69},[55,84756,84757],{"class":99}," value2",[55,84759,77],{"class":69},[55,84761,84762],{"class":99}," value3",[55,84764,77],{"class":69},[55,84766,34595],{"class":120},[55,84768,114],{"class":69},[55,84770,84771,84773,84775,84777,84779,84781,84783,84785],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,84772,84642],{"class":120},[55,84774,103],{"class":69},[55,84776,3884],{"class":99},[55,84778,77],{"class":69},[55,84780,21726],{"class":9337},[55,84782,66],{"class":65},[55,84784,37510],{"class":120},[55,84786,114],{"class":69},[55,84788,84789,84791,84793,84795,84797,84799,84801,84803],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,84790,84642],{"class":120},[55,84792,103],{"class":69},[55,84794,3884],{"class":99},[55,84796,77],{"class":69},[55,84798,26667],{"class":9337},[55,84800,66],{"class":65},[55,84802,37510],{"class":120},[55,84804,114],{"class":69},[577,84806,84808],{"id":84807},"miniterable",[15,84809,84810],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84812,84813],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[46,84815,84817],{"className":48,"code":84816,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84818,84819,84843],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84820,84821,84823,84825,84827,84829,84831,84833,84835,84837,84839,84841],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84822,62],{"class":61},[55,84824,66],{"class":65},[55,84826,70],{"class":69},[55,84828,2506],{"class":73},[55,84830,77],{"class":69},[55,84832,111],{"class":73},[55,84834,77],{"class":69},[55,84836,31087],{"class":73},[55,84838,77],{"class":69},[55,84840,630],{"class":73},[55,84842,88],{"class":69},[55,84844,84845,84847,84849,84851,84853,84855],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,84846,121],{"class":120},[55,84848,103],{"class":69},[55,84850,84642],{"class":120},[55,84852,103],{"class":69},[55,84854,94],{"class":99},[55,84856,1867],{"class":69},[20,84858,302],{},[46,84860,84861],{"className":48,"code":47060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,84862,84863],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84864,84865],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84866,47060],{"class":73},[577,84868,84870],{"id":84869},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84871,84872],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84874,84875],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[46,84877,84879],{"className":48,"code":84878,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84880,84881],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84882,84883,84885,84887,84889,84891,84893,84895,84897,84899,84901,84903,84905],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84884,121],{"class":120},[55,84886,103],{"class":69},[55,84888,84642],{"class":120},[55,84890,103],{"class":69},[55,84892,2506],{"class":73},[55,84894,77],{"class":69},[55,84896,111],{"class":73},[55,84898,77],{"class":69},[55,84900,31087],{"class":73},[55,84902,77],{"class":69},[55,84904,630],{"class":73},[55,84906,1867],{"class":69},[20,84908,302],{},[46,84910,84911],{"className":48,"code":47060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,84912,84913],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84914,84915],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84916,47060],{"class":73},[577,84918,84920],{"id":84919},"miniterable-key",[15,84921,84922],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84924,31,84925,84927],{},[15,84926,14990],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[46,84929,84931],{"className":48,"code":84930,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84932,84933,84965],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84934,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949,84951,84953,84955,84957,84959,84961,84963],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84936,4234],{"class":61},[55,84938,66],{"class":65},[55,84940,70],{"class":69},[55,84942,248],{"class":247},[55,84944,78726],{"class":251},[55,84946,248],{"class":247},[55,84948,77],{"class":69},[55,84950,258],{"class":247},[55,84952,38481],{"class":251},[55,84954,248],{"class":247},[55,84956,77],{"class":69},[55,84958,258],{"class":247},[55,84960,1072],{"class":251},[55,84962,248],{"class":247},[55,84964,88],{"class":69},[55,84966,84967,84969,84971,84973,84975,84977,84979,84981,84983,84985],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,84968,121],{"class":120},[55,84970,103],{"class":69},[55,84972,84642],{"class":120},[55,84974,103],{"class":69},[55,84976,4276],{"class":99},[55,84978,77],{"class":69},[55,84980,21726],{"class":9337},[55,84982,66],{"class":65},[55,84984,1860],{"class":120},[55,84986,1867],{"class":69},[20,84988,302],{},[46,84990,84992],{"className":48,"code":84991,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"kiwi\n",[15,84993,84994],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84995,84996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84997,84991],{"class":61},[20,84999,85000],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85002,85003,85004,85006,85007,44],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85005,42503],{},", see the ",[36,85008,85009,3673],{"href":42500},[15,85010,42503],{},[577,85012,85014],{"id":85013},"miniterable-default",[15,85015,85016],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85018,31,85019,85021],{},[15,85020,82918],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[46,85023,85025],{"className":48,"code":85024,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85026,85027,85035],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85028,85029,85031,85033],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85030,62],{"class":61},[55,85032,66],{"class":65},[55,85034,7999],{"class":69},[55,85036,85037,85039,85041,85043,85045,85047,85049,85051,85053,85055],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,85038,121],{"class":120},[55,85040,103],{"class":69},[55,85042,84642],{"class":120},[55,85044,103],{"class":69},[55,85046,94],{"class":99},[55,85048,77],{"class":69},[55,85050,26667],{"class":9337},[55,85052,66],{"class":65},[55,85054,227],{"class":73},[55,85056,1867],{"class":69},[20,85058,302],{},[46,85060,85061],{"className":48,"code":47395,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,85062,85063],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85064,85065],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85066,47395],{"class":73},[20,85068,85069,85070,85072],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85071,40845],{}," when there is no item to return.",[142,85074,8578,85076,85078],{"id":85075},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85077,84217],{}," with numbers",[20,85080,85081,85083],{},[15,85082,84217],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[46,85085,85087],{"className":48,"code":85086,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85088,85089,85114],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85090,85091,85093,85095,85097,85099,85101,85104,85106,85108,85110,85112],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85092,5224],{"class":61},[55,85094,66],{"class":65},[55,85096,70],{"class":69},[55,85098,51649],{"class":73},[55,85100,77],{"class":69},[55,85102,85103],{"class":73}," 72",[55,85105,77],{"class":69},[55,85107,29051],{"class":73},[55,85109,77],{"class":69},[55,85111,76082],{"class":73},[55,85113,88],{"class":69},[55,85115,85116,85118,85120,85122,85124,85126],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,85117,121],{"class":120},[55,85119,103],{"class":69},[55,85121,84642],{"class":120},[55,85123,103],{"class":69},[55,85125,16539],{"class":99},[55,85127,1867],{"class":69},[20,85129,302],{},[46,85131,85133],{"className":48,"code":85132,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"60\n",[15,85134,85135],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85136,85137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85138,85132],{"class":73},[20,85140,85141],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[46,85143,85145],{"className":48,"code":85144,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85146,85147,85168],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85148,85149,85151,85153,85155,85157,85159,85162,85164,85166],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85150,83030],{"class":61},[55,85152,66],{"class":65},[55,85154,70],{"class":69},[55,85156,40539],{"class":73},[55,85158,77],{"class":69},[55,85160,85161],{"class":73}," 5.49",[55,85163,77],{"class":69},[55,85165,83046],{"class":73},[55,85167,88],{"class":69},[55,85169,85170,85172,85174,85176,85178,85180],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,85171,121],{"class":120},[55,85173,103],{"class":69},[55,85175,84642],{"class":120},[55,85177,103],{"class":69},[55,85179,83066],{"class":99},[55,85181,1867],{"class":69},[20,85183,302],{},[46,85185,85187],{"className":48,"code":85186,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5.49\n",[15,85188,85189],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85190,85191],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85192,85186],{"class":73},[20,85194,85195],{},"This is useful for things like:",[155,85197,85198,85200,85202,85205],{},[158,85199,16539],{},[158,85201,83066],{},[158,85203,85204],{},"measurements",[158,85206,85207],{},"ages",[142,85209,8578,85211,47202],{"id":85210},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85212,84217],{},[20,85214,85215,85217],{},[15,85216,84217],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[46,85219,85221],{"className":48,"code":85220,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85222,85223,85255],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85224,85225,85227,85229,85231,85233,85235,85237,85239,85241,85243,85245,85247,85249,85251,85253],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85226,4234],{"class":61},[55,85228,66],{"class":65},[55,85230,70],{"class":69},[55,85232,248],{"class":247},[55,85234,1072],{"class":251},[55,85236,248],{"class":247},[55,85238,77],{"class":69},[55,85240,258],{"class":247},[55,85242,1035],{"class":251},[55,85244,248],{"class":247},[55,85246,77],{"class":69},[55,85248,258],{"class":247},[55,85250,4259],{"class":251},[55,85252,248],{"class":247},[55,85254,88],{"class":69},[55,85256,85257,85259,85261,85263,85265,85267],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,85258,121],{"class":120},[55,85260,103],{"class":69},[55,85262,84642],{"class":120},[55,85264,103],{"class":69},[55,85266,4276],{"class":99},[55,85268,1867],{"class":69},[20,85270,302],{},[46,85272,85274],{"className":48,"code":85273,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"apple\n",[15,85275,85276],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85277,85278],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85279,85273],{"class":61},[20,85281,85282],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[46,85284,85286],{"className":48,"code":85285,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85287,85288,85320],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85289,85290,85292,85294,85296,85298,85300,85302,85304,85306,85308,85310,85312,85314,85316,85318],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85291,4234],{"class":61},[55,85293,66],{"class":65},[55,85295,70],{"class":69},[55,85297,248],{"class":247},[55,85299,1072],{"class":251},[55,85301,248],{"class":247},[55,85303,77],{"class":69},[55,85305,258],{"class":247},[55,85307,57891],{"class":251},[55,85309,248],{"class":247},[55,85311,77],{"class":69},[55,85313,258],{"class":247},[55,85315,4259],{"class":251},[55,85317,248],{"class":247},[55,85319,88],{"class":69},[55,85321,85322,85324,85326,85328,85330,85332],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,85323,121],{"class":120},[55,85325,103],{"class":69},[55,85327,84642],{"class":120},[55,85329,103],{"class":69},[55,85331,4276],{"class":99},[55,85333,1867],{"class":69},[20,85335,302],{},[46,85337,85339],{"className":48,"code":85338,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Apple\n",[15,85340,85341],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85342,85343],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85344,85338],{"class":61},[20,85346,85347],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85349,85350,85351,44],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[36,85352,85353,5942],{"href":74503},[15,85354,74406],{},[142,85356,8578,85358,85360],{"id":85357},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85359,84217],{}," with a key function",[20,85362,568,85363,85365],{},[15,85364,14990],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85367,11617],{},[155,85369,85370,85375,85380],{},[158,85371,85372,85374],{},[15,85373,14990],{}," changes the comparison rule",[158,85376,85377,85379],{},[15,85378,84217],{}," still returns the original item",[158,85381,85382],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[577,85384,85386],{"id":85385},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[46,85388,85390],{"className":48,"code":85389,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85391,85392,85425],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85393,85394,85396,85398,85400,85402,85404,85406,85408,85410,85412,85414,85416,85418,85421,85423],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85395,4234],{"class":61},[55,85397,66],{"class":65},[55,85399,70],{"class":69},[55,85401,248],{"class":247},[55,85403,68308],{"class":251},[55,85405,248],{"class":247},[55,85407,77],{"class":69},[55,85409,258],{"class":247},[55,85411,37186],{"class":251},[55,85413,248],{"class":247},[55,85415,77],{"class":69},[55,85417,258],{"class":247},[55,85419,85420],{"class":251},"giraffe",[55,85422,248],{"class":247},[55,85424,88],{"class":69},[55,85426,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437,85439,85441,85443,85445],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,85428,121],{"class":120},[55,85430,103],{"class":69},[55,85432,84642],{"class":120},[55,85434,103],{"class":69},[55,85436,4276],{"class":99},[55,85438,77],{"class":69},[55,85440,21726],{"class":9337},[55,85442,66],{"class":65},[55,85444,1860],{"class":120},[55,85446,1867],{"class":69},[20,85448,302],{},[46,85450,85452],{"className":48,"code":85451,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"cat\n",[15,85453,85454],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85455,85456],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85457,85451],{"class":61},[577,85459,85461],{"id":85460},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[46,85463,85465],{"className":48,"code":85464,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85466,85467,85477,85512,85544,85576,85580,85584,85623],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85468,85469,85472,85474],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85470,85471],{"class":61},"students ",[55,85473,66],{"class":65},[55,85475,85476],{"class":69}," [\n",[55,85478,85479,85482,85484,85486,85488,85490,85492,85494,85496,85498,85500,85503,85505,85507,85509],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,85480,85481],{"class":69},"    {",[55,85483,248],{"class":247},[55,85485,7829],{"class":251},[55,85487,248],{"class":247},[55,85489,153],{"class":69},[55,85491,258],{"class":247},[55,85493,13036],{"class":251},[55,85495,248],{"class":247},[55,85497,77],{"class":69},[55,85499,258],{"class":247},[55,85501,85502],{"class":251},"score",[55,85504,248],{"class":247},[55,85506,153],{"class":69},[55,85508,13658],{"class":73},[55,85510,85511],{"class":69},"},\n",[55,85513,85514,85516,85518,85520,85522,85524,85526,85528,85530,85532,85534,85536,85538,85540,85542],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,85515,85481],{"class":69},[55,85517,248],{"class":247},[55,85519,7829],{"class":251},[55,85521,248],{"class":247},[55,85523,153],{"class":69},[55,85525,258],{"class":247},[55,85527,36081],{"class":251},[55,85529,248],{"class":247},[55,85531,77],{"class":69},[55,85533,258],{"class":247},[55,85535,85502],{"class":251},[55,85537,248],{"class":247},[55,85539,153],{"class":69},[55,85541,85103],{"class":73},[55,85543,85511],{"class":69},[55,85545,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570,85572,85574],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,85547,85481],{"class":69},[55,85549,248],{"class":247},[55,85551,7829],{"class":251},[55,85553,248],{"class":247},[55,85555,153],{"class":69},[55,85557,258],{"class":247},[55,85559,36090],{"class":251},[55,85561,248],{"class":247},[55,85563,77],{"class":69},[55,85565,258],{"class":247},[55,85567,85502],{"class":251},[55,85569,248],{"class":247},[55,85571,153],{"class":69},[55,85573,20045],{"class":73},[55,85575,9471],{"class":69},[55,85577,85578],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,85579,88],{"class":69},[55,85581,85582],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,85583,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,85585,85586,85589,85591,85594,85596,85599,85601,85603,85605,85607,85609,85611,85613,85615,85617,85619,85621],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,85587,85588],{"class":61},"lowest ",[55,85590,66],{"class":65},[55,85592,85593],{"class":120}," min",[55,85595,103],{"class":69},[55,85597,85598],{"class":99},"students",[55,85600,77],{"class":69},[55,85602,21726],{"class":9337},[55,85604,66],{"class":65},[55,85606,37799],{"class":2226},[55,85608,13062],{"class":37802},[55,85610,153],{"class":69},[55,85612,13062],{"class":99},[55,85614,312],{"class":69},[55,85616,248],{"class":247},[55,85618,85502],{"class":251},[55,85620,248],{"class":247},[55,85622,1777],{"class":69},[55,85624,85625,85627,85629,85632],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,85626,121],{"class":120},[55,85628,103],{"class":69},[55,85630,85631],{"class":99},"lowest",[55,85633,114],{"class":69},[20,85635,302],{},[46,85637,85639],{"className":48,"code":85638,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85640,85641],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85642,85643,85645,85647,85649,85651,85653,85655,85657,85659,85661,85663,85665,85667,85669,85671],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85644,9440],{"class":69},[55,85646,315],{"class":247},[55,85648,7829],{"class":251},[55,85650,315],{"class":247},[55,85652,153],{"class":69},[55,85654,324],{"class":247},[55,85656,36081],{"class":251},[55,85658,315],{"class":247},[55,85660,77],{"class":69},[55,85662,324],{"class":247},[55,85664,85502],{"class":251},[55,85666,315],{"class":247},[55,85668,153],{"class":69},[55,85670,85103],{"class":73},[55,85672,9471],{"class":69},[20,85674,85675,85676,85679],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85677,85678],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[142,85681,8578,85683,85685],{"id":85682},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85684,82918],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85687,85688],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[46,85690,85692],{"className":48,"code":85691,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85693,85694,85702],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85695,85696,85698,85700],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85697,62],{"class":61},[55,85699,66],{"class":65},[55,85701,7999],{"class":69},[55,85703,85704,85706,85708,85710,85712,85714],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,85705,121],{"class":120},[55,85707,103],{"class":69},[55,85709,84642],{"class":120},[55,85711,103],{"class":69},[55,85713,94],{"class":99},[55,85715,1867],{"class":69},[20,85717,302],{},[46,85719,85721],{"className":48,"code":85720,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85722,85723],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85724,85725,85727,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85726,40845],{"class":1898},[55,85728,153],{"class":69},[55,85730,85593],{"class":120},[55,85732,7526],{"class":69},[55,85734,83888],{"class":61},[55,85736,12350],{"class":65},[55,85738,83893],{"class":61},[20,85740,85741,85742,153],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85743,82918],{},[46,85745,85747],{"className":48,"code":85746,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85748,85749,85757],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85750,85751,85753,85755],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85752,62],{"class":61},[55,85754,66],{"class":65},[55,85756,7999],{"class":69},[55,85758,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767,85769,85771,85773,85775,85777],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,85760,121],{"class":120},[55,85762,103],{"class":69},[55,85764,84642],{"class":120},[55,85766,103],{"class":69},[55,85768,94],{"class":99},[55,85770,77],{"class":69},[55,85772,26667],{"class":9337},[55,85774,66],{"class":65},[55,85776,172],{"class":1312},[55,85778,1867],{"class":69},[20,85780,302],{},[46,85782,85783],{"className":48,"code":1313,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,85784,85785],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85786,85787],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85788,1313],{"class":1312},[20,85790,85791],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85793,85794],{},"Remember:",[155,85796,85797,85805],{},[158,85798,85799,85801,85802,85804],{},[15,85800,82918],{}," works only when ",[15,85803,84217],{}," gets one iterable argument",[158,85806,85807,85808],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85809,85810],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85812,85813,85814,44],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[36,85815,65963],{"href":72860},[142,85817,10904],{"id":10903},[20,85819,56901,85820,44],{},[15,85821,84217],{},[577,85823,85825,85826],{"id":85824},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85827,82918],{},[20,85829,3165,85830,153],{},[15,85831,40845],{},[46,85833,85835],{"className":48,"code":85834,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85836,85837,85845],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85838,85839,85841,85843],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85840,1026],{"class":61},[55,85842,66],{"class":65},[55,85844,7999],{"class":69},[55,85846,85847,85849,85851,85853,85855,85857],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,85848,121],{"class":120},[55,85850,103],{"class":69},[55,85852,84642],{"class":120},[55,85854,103],{"class":69},[55,85856,1057],{"class":99},[55,85858,1867],{"class":69},[20,85860,85861],{},"Fix it by:",[155,85863,85864,85867],{},[158,85865,85866],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[158,85868,85869,85870],{},"or using ",[15,85871,82918],{},[46,85873,85875],{"className":48,"code":85874,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85876,85877,85885],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85878,85879,85881,85883],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85880,1026],{"class":61},[55,85882,66],{"class":65},[55,85884,7999],{"class":69},[55,85886,85887,85889,85891,85893,85895,85897,85899,85901,85903,85905,85908,85910],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,85888,121],{"class":120},[55,85890,103],{"class":69},[55,85892,84642],{"class":120},[55,85894,103],{"class":69},[55,85896,1057],{"class":99},[55,85898,77],{"class":69},[55,85900,26667],{"class":9337},[55,85902,66],{"class":65},[55,85904,248],{"class":247},[55,85906,85907],{"class":251},"no items",[55,85909,248],{"class":247},[55,85911,1867],{"class":69},[577,85913,85915],{"id":85914},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85917,85918],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[46,85920,85922],{"className":48,"code":85921,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85923,85924,85948],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85925,85926,85928,85930,85932,85934,85936,85938,85940,85942,85944,85946],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85927,9327],{"class":61},[55,85929,66],{"class":65},[55,85931,70],{"class":69},[55,85933,800],{"class":73},[55,85935,77],{"class":69},[55,85937,258],{"class":247},[55,85939,15904],{"class":251},[55,85941,248],{"class":247},[55,85943,77],{"class":69},[55,85945,4766],{"class":73},[55,85947,88],{"class":69},[55,85949,85950,85952,85954,85956,85958,85960],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,85951,121],{"class":120},[55,85953,103],{"class":69},[55,85955,84642],{"class":120},[55,85957,103],{"class":69},[55,85959,9366],{"class":99},[55,85961,1867],{"class":69},[20,85963,302],{},[46,85965,85967],{"className":48,"code":85966,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"TypeError\n",[15,85968,85969],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85970,85971],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85972,85966],{"class":1898},[20,85974,85975],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85977,85978,85979,44],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85980,84217],{},[46,85982,85984],{"className":48,"code":85983,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85985,85986,86010,86036],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85987,85988,85990,85992,85994,85996,85998,86000,86002,86004,86006,86008],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85989,9327],{"class":61},[55,85991,66],{"class":65},[55,85993,70],{"class":69},[55,85995,800],{"class":73},[55,85997,77],{"class":69},[55,85999,258],{"class":247},[55,86001,15904],{"class":251},[55,86003,248],{"class":247},[55,86005,77],{"class":69},[55,86007,4766],{"class":73},[55,86009,88],{"class":69},[55,86011,86012,86014,86016,86018,86020,86022,86024,86026,86028,86030,86032,86034],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,86013,62],{"class":61},[55,86015,66],{"class":65},[55,86017,70],{"class":69},[55,86019,2351],{"class":1898},[55,86021,103],{"class":69},[55,86023,2336],{"class":99},[55,86025,3825],{"class":69},[55,86027,4041],{"class":4040},[55,86029,4044],{"class":61},[55,86031,4047],{"class":4040},[55,86033,14716],{"class":61},[55,86035,88],{"class":69},[55,86037,86038,86040,86042,86044,86046,86048],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,86039,121],{"class":120},[55,86041,103],{"class":69},[55,86043,84642],{"class":120},[55,86045,103],{"class":69},[55,86047,94],{"class":99},[55,86049,1867],{"class":69},[20,86051,302],{},[46,86053,86054],{"className":48,"code":3110,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,86055,86056],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86057,86058],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86059,3110],{"class":73},[20,86061,86062,86063,44],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86064,3168],{},[577,86066,86068],{"id":86067},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86070,86071],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[46,86073,86075],{"className":48,"code":86074,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86076,86077,86109],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86078,86079,86081,86083,86085,86087,86089,86091,86093,86095,86097,86099,86101,86103,86105,86107],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86080,4234],{"class":61},[55,86082,66],{"class":65},[55,86084,70],{"class":69},[55,86086,248],{"class":247},[55,86088,79542],{"class":251},[55,86090,248],{"class":247},[55,86092,77],{"class":69},[55,86094,258],{"class":247},[55,86096,57891],{"class":251},[55,86098,248],{"class":247},[55,86100,77],{"class":69},[55,86102,258],{"class":247},[55,86104,79559],{"class":251},[55,86106,248],{"class":247},[55,86108,88],{"class":69},[55,86110,86111,86113,86115,86117,86119,86121],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,86112,121],{"class":120},[55,86114,103],{"class":69},[55,86116,84642],{"class":120},[55,86118,103],{"class":69},[55,86120,4276],{"class":99},[55,86122,1867],{"class":69},[20,86124,302],{},[46,86126,86127],{"className":48,"code":85338,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,86128,86129],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86130,86131],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86132,85338],{"class":61},[20,86134,86135],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[46,86137,86139],{"className":48,"code":86138,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86140,86141,86173],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86142,86143,86145,86147,86149,86151,86153,86155,86157,86159,86161,86163,86165,86167,86169,86171],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86144,4234],{"class":61},[55,86146,66],{"class":65},[55,86148,70],{"class":69},[55,86150,248],{"class":247},[55,86152,79542],{"class":251},[55,86154,248],{"class":247},[55,86156,77],{"class":69},[55,86158,258],{"class":247},[55,86160,57891],{"class":251},[55,86162,248],{"class":247},[55,86164,77],{"class":69},[55,86166,258],{"class":247},[55,86168,79559],{"class":251},[55,86170,248],{"class":247},[55,86172,88],{"class":69},[55,86174,86175,86177,86179,86181,86183,86185,86187,86189,86191,86193,86195,86197],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,86176,121],{"class":120},[55,86178,103],{"class":69},[55,86180,84642],{"class":120},[55,86182,103],{"class":69},[55,86184,4276],{"class":99},[55,86186,77],{"class":69},[55,86188,21726],{"class":9337},[55,86190,66],{"class":65},[55,86192,3607],{"class":1898},[55,86194,44],{"class":69},[55,86196,8801],{"class":1880},[55,86198,1867],{"class":69},[20,86200,302],{},[46,86202,86203],{"className":48,"code":85338,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,86204,86205],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86206,86207],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86208,85338],{"class":61},[20,86210,86211],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[142,86213,1937,86215],{"id":86214},"when-to-use-min",[15,86216,84217],{},[20,86218,31,86219,993],{},[15,86220,84217],{},[155,86222,86223,86226,86231],{},[158,86224,86225],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[158,86227,86228,86229],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86230,14990],{},[158,86232,86233],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86235,31,86236,86240],{},[36,86237,86238],{"href":74503},[15,86239,74406],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86242,31,86243,86248],{},[36,86244,86246],{"href":86245},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86247,82563],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[142,86250,2992],{"id":2991},[20,86252,84222],{},[155,86254,86255,86263,86266,86271,86278],{},[158,86256,86257,86258,86260,86261],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86259,84217],{}," without using ",[15,86262,82918],{},[158,86264,86265],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[158,86267,1553,86268,86270],{},[15,86269,84217],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[158,86272,4865,86273,86275,86276,85379],{},[15,86274,14990],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86277,84217],{},[158,86279,8578,86280,86282],{},[15,86281,82918],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86284,86285,86286,86288],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86287,84217],{},", these quick checks can help:",[46,86290,86292],{"className":48,"code":86291,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86293,86294,86308,86318,86332,86346,86368],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86295,86296,86298,86300,86302,86304,86306],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86297,121],{"class":120},[55,86299,103],{"class":69},[55,86301,1910],{"class":1898},[55,86303,103],{"class":69},[55,86305,9366],{"class":99},[55,86307,1867],{"class":69},[55,86309,86310,86312,86314,86316],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,86311,121],{"class":120},[55,86313,103],{"class":69},[55,86315,9366],{"class":99},[55,86317,114],{"class":69},[55,86319,86320,86322,86324,86326,86328,86330],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,86321,121],{"class":120},[55,86323,103],{"class":69},[55,86325,1860],{"class":120},[55,86327,103],{"class":69},[55,86329,9366],{"class":99},[55,86331,1867],{"class":69},[55,86333,86334,86336,86338,86340,86342,86344],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,86335,121],{"class":120},[55,86337,103],{"class":69},[55,86339,84642],{"class":120},[55,86341,103],{"class":69},[55,86343,9366],{"class":99},[55,86345,1867],{"class":69},[55,86347,86348,86350,86352,86354,86356,86358,86360,86362,86364,86366],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,86349,121],{"class":120},[55,86351,103],{"class":69},[55,86353,84642],{"class":120},[55,86355,103],{"class":69},[55,86357,9366],{"class":99},[55,86359,77],{"class":69},[55,86361,26667],{"class":9337},[55,86363,66],{"class":65},[55,86365,172],{"class":1312},[55,86367,1867],{"class":69},[55,86369,86370,86372,86374,86376,86378,86380,86382,86384,86386,86388],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,86371,121],{"class":120},[55,86373,103],{"class":69},[55,86375,84642],{"class":120},[55,86377,103],{"class":69},[55,86379,4276],{"class":99},[55,86381,77],{"class":69},[55,86383,21726],{"class":9337},[55,86385,66],{"class":65},[55,86387,1860],{"class":120},[55,86389,1867],{"class":69},[20,86391,86392,86393,86396,86397,86399],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86394,86395],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86398,9366],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[142,86401,1986],{"id":1985},[577,86403,5303,86405,5306],{"id":86404},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86406,84217],{},[20,86408,86409],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[577,86411,2009,86413,84398],{"id":86412},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86414,84217],{},[20,86416,86417],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[577,86419,71628],{"id":71627},[20,86421,86422,52639,86424,84410,86426,36760],{},[15,86423,84217],{},[15,86425,40845],{},[15,86427,82918],{},[577,86429,5303,86431,86433,86434,2027],{"id":86430},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86432,14990],{}," do in ",[15,86435,84217],{},[20,86437,86438,86440,86441,86443],{},[15,86439,14990],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86442,83471],{}," compares strings by length.",[577,86445,2022,86447,352,86449,2027],{"id":86446},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86448,84217],{},[15,86450,74406],{},[20,86452,86453,86455,86456,86458],{},[15,86454,84217],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86457,74406],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[142,86460,2039],{"id":2038},[155,86462,86463,86469,86475,86481,86485,86489],{},[158,86464,86465],{},[36,86466,86467,3673],{"href":86245},[15,86468,82563],{},[158,86470,86471],{},[36,86472,86473,3673],{"href":74503},[15,86474,74406],{},[158,86476,86477],{},[36,86478,86479,3673],{"href":42500},[15,86480,42503],{},[158,86482,86483],{},[36,86484,79855],{"href":78358},[158,86486,86487],{},[36,86488,59079],{"href":59078},[158,86490,86491],{},[36,86492,65963],{"href":72860},[2080,86494,86495],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":86497},[86498,86499,86501,86507,86509,86511,86516,86518,86524,86526,86527,86538],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":84701,"depth":91,"text":86500},"What min() does",{"id":84722,"depth":91,"text":84723,"children":86502},[86503,86504,86505,86506],{"id":84807,"depth":117,"text":84810},{"id":84869,"depth":117,"text":84872},{"id":84919,"depth":117,"text":84922},{"id":85013,"depth":117,"text":85016},{"id":85075,"depth":91,"text":86508},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85210,"depth":91,"text":86510},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85357,"depth":91,"text":86512,"children":86513},"Using min() with a key function",[86514,86515],{"id":85385,"depth":117,"text":85386},{"id":85460,"depth":117,"text":85461},{"id":85682,"depth":91,"text":86517},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10903,"depth":91,"text":10904,"children":86519},[86520,86522,86523],{"id":85824,"depth":117,"text":86521},"Empty list without default",{"id":85914,"depth":117,"text":85915},{"id":86067,"depth":117,"text":86068},{"id":86214,"depth":91,"text":86525},"When to use min()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":86528},[86529,86531,86533,86534,86536],{"id":86404,"depth":117,"text":86530},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86412,"depth":117,"text":86532},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71627,"depth":117,"text":71628},{"id":86430,"depth":117,"text":86535},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86446,"depth":117,"text":86537},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84584,"description":86539},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86546,"title":86547,"body":86548,"description":88727,"extension":2124,"meta":88728,"navigation":428,"path":88729,"seo":88730,"stem":88731,"__hash__":88732},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86549,"toc":88691},[86550,86553,86559,86565,86567,86648,86657,86661,86666,86668,86713,86715,86795,86801,86803,86806,86838,86840,86858,86860,86933,86935,86954,86958,86961,86997,86999,87066,87140,87213,87218,87222,87228,87231,87248,87251,87253,87314,87316,87336,87342,87346,87349,87419,87422,87441,87446,87522,87525,87529,87535,87539,87544,87614,87618,87623,87697,87701,87704,87779,87790,87794,87799,87889,87894,87962,87965,87984,87995,87999,88002,88007,88010,88072,88075,88086,88091,88094,88097,88102,88105,88108,88112,88115,88121,88124,88135,88137,88199,88214,88220,88223,88226,88237,88248,88254,88257,88259,88321,88331,88337,88342,88348,88352,88358,88361,88382,88384,88389,88416,88419,88446,88449,88488,88491,88529,88532,88593,88596,88598,88602,88605,88609,88615,88623,88631,88635,88638,88642,88648,88650,88688],[10,86551,86547],{"id":86552},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86554,86555,86558],{},[15,86556,86557],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86560,86561,86562,86564],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86563,86557],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[142,86566,2165],{"id":2164},[46,86568,86570],{"className":48,"code":86569,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86571,86572,86621,86637],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86573,86574,86577,86580,86582,86584,86587,86589,86591,86593,86595,86597,86599,86602,86604,86606,86609,86611,86613,86615,86619],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86575,86576],{"class":4040},"with",[55,86578,86579],{"class":120}," open",[55,86581,103],{"class":69},[55,86583,248],{"class":247},[55,86585,86586],{"class":251},"example.txt",[55,86588,248],{"class":247},[55,86590,77],{"class":69},[55,86592,258],{"class":247},[55,86594,60629],{"class":251},[55,86596,248],{"class":247},[55,86598,77],{"class":69},[55,86600,86601],{"class":9337}," encoding",[55,86603,66],{"class":65},[55,86605,248],{"class":247},[55,86607,86608],{"class":251},"utf-8",[55,86610,248],{"class":247},[55,86612,3825],{"class":69},[55,86614,47501],{"class":4040},[55,86616,86618],{"class":86617},"sMMDD"," file",[55,86620,6552],{"class":69},[55,86622,86623,86626,86628,86630,86632,86635],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,86624,86625],{"class":61},"    content ",[55,86627,66],{"class":65},[55,86629,86618],{"class":86617},[55,86631,44],{"class":69},[55,86633,86634],{"class":99},"read",[55,86636,8804],{"class":69},[55,86638,86639,86641,86643,86646],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,86640,8230],{"class":120},[55,86642,103],{"class":69},[55,86644,86645],{"class":99},"content",[55,86647,114],{"class":69},[20,86649,31,86650,86652,86653,86656],{},[15,86651,86576],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86654,86655],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[142,86658,86660],{"id":86659},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86662,86663,86665],{},[15,86664,86557],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86667,11617],{},[155,86669,86670,86673,86678,86683],{},[158,86671,86672],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[158,86674,41047,86675,86677],{},[1966,86676,1968],{}," read or write anything by itself",[158,86679,17572,86680],{},[1966,86681,86682],{},"file object",[158,86684,86685,86686],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[155,86687,86688,86693,86698,86703,86708],{},[158,86689,86690],{},[15,86691,86692],{},"read()",[158,86694,86695],{},[15,86696,86697],{},"readline()",[158,86699,86700],{},[15,86701,86702],{},"readlines()",[158,86704,86705],{},[15,86706,86707],{},"write()",[158,86709,86710],{},[15,86711,86712],{},"close()",[20,86714,230],{},[46,86716,86718],{"className":48,"code":86717,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86719,86720,86759,86774,86784],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86721,86722,86725,86727,86729,86731,86733,86735,86737,86739,86741,86743,86745,86747,86749,86751,86753,86755,86757],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86723,86724],{"class":86617},"file",[55,86726,1683],{"class":65},[55,86728,86579],{"class":120},[55,86730,103],{"class":69},[55,86732,248],{"class":247},[55,86734,86586],{"class":251},[55,86736,248],{"class":247},[55,86738,77],{"class":69},[55,86740,258],{"class":247},[55,86742,60629],{"class":251},[55,86744,248],{"class":247},[55,86746,77],{"class":69},[55,86748,86601],{"class":9337},[55,86750,66],{"class":65},[55,86752,248],{"class":247},[55,86754,86608],{"class":251},[55,86756,248],{"class":247},[55,86758,114],{"class":69},[55,86760,86761,86764,86766,86768,86770,86772],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,86762,86763],{"class":61},"content ",[55,86765,66],{"class":65},[55,86767,86618],{"class":86617},[55,86769,44],{"class":69},[55,86771,86634],{"class":99},[55,86773,8804],{"class":69},[55,86775,86776,86778,86780,86782],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,86777,121],{"class":120},[55,86779,103],{"class":69},[55,86781,86645],{"class":99},[55,86783,114],{"class":69},[55,86785,86786,86788,86790,86793],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,86787,86724],{"class":86617},[55,86789,44],{"class":69},[55,86791,86792],{"class":99},"close",[55,86794,8804],{"class":69},[20,86796,86797,86798,86800],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86799,86576],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[142,86802,2319],{"id":2318},[20,86804,86805],{},"A common form is:",[46,86807,86809],{"className":48,"code":86808,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86810,86811],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86812,86813,86815,86817,86819,86821,86824,86826,86828,86830,86832,86834,86836],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86814,42569],{"class":120},[55,86816,103],{"class":69},[55,86818,86724],{"class":86617},[55,86820,77],{"class":69},[55,86822,86823],{"class":99}," mode",[55,86825,77],{"class":69},[55,86827,86601],{"class":9337},[55,86829,66],{"class":65},[55,86831,248],{"class":247},[55,86833,86608],{"class":251},[55,86835,248],{"class":247},[55,86837,114],{"class":69},[20,86839,65170],{},[155,86841,86842,86847,86852],{},[158,86843,86844,86846],{},[15,86845,86724],{}," is the file name or file path",[158,86848,86849,86851],{},[15,86850,21065],{}," controls how the file is opened",[158,86853,86854,86857],{},[15,86855,86856],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86859,230],{},[46,86861,86863],{"className":48,"code":86862,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86864,86865,86908,86923],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86866,86867,86869,86871,86873,86875,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894,86896,86898,86900,86902,86904,86906],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86868,86576],{"class":4040},[55,86870,86579],{"class":120},[55,86872,103],{"class":69},[55,86874,248],{"class":247},[55,86876,86877],{"class":251},"notes.txt",[55,86879,248],{"class":247},[55,86881,77],{"class":69},[55,86883,258],{"class":247},[55,86885,60629],{"class":251},[55,86887,248],{"class":247},[55,86889,77],{"class":69},[55,86891,86601],{"class":9337},[55,86893,66],{"class":65},[55,86895,248],{"class":247},[55,86897,86608],{"class":251},[55,86899,248],{"class":247},[55,86901,3825],{"class":69},[55,86903,47501],{"class":4040},[55,86905,86618],{"class":86617},[55,86907,6552],{"class":69},[55,86909,86910,86913,86915,86917,86919,86921],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,86911,86912],{"class":61},"    text ",[55,86914,66],{"class":65},[55,86916,86618],{"class":86617},[55,86918,44],{"class":69},[55,86920,86634],{"class":99},[55,86922,8804],{"class":69},[55,86924,86925,86927,86929,86931],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,86926,8230],{"class":120},[55,86928,103],{"class":69},[55,86930,34850],{"class":99},[55,86932,114],{"class":69},[20,86934,20104],{},[155,86936,86937,86943,86948],{},[158,86938,86939,86942],{},[15,86940,86941],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[158,86944,86945,86947],{},[15,86946,86655],{}," means open for reading",[158,86949,86950,86953],{},[15,86951,86952],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[142,86955,86957],{"id":86956},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86959,86960],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[155,86962,86963,86968,86974,86979,86985,86991],{},[158,86964,86965,86967],{},[15,86966,86655],{}," = read a text file",[158,86969,86970,86973],{},[15,86971,86972],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[158,86975,86976,86978],{},[15,86977,351],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[158,86980,86981,86984],{},[15,86982,86983],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[158,86986,86987,86990],{},[15,86988,86989],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[158,86992,86993,86996],{},[15,86994,86995],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86998,2286],{},[46,87000,87002],{"className":48,"code":87001,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87003,87004,87009,87052],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87005,87006],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87007,87008],{"class":133},"# Read a text file\n",[55,87010,87011,87013,87015,87017,87019,87022,87024,87026,87028,87030,87032,87034,87036,87038,87040,87042,87044,87046,87048,87050],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,87012,86576],{"class":4040},[55,87014,86579],{"class":120},[55,87016,103],{"class":69},[55,87018,248],{"class":247},[55,87020,87021],{"class":251},"data.txt",[55,87023,248],{"class":247},[55,87025,77],{"class":69},[55,87027,258],{"class":247},[55,87029,60629],{"class":251},[55,87031,248],{"class":247},[55,87033,77],{"class":69},[55,87035,86601],{"class":9337},[55,87037,66],{"class":65},[55,87039,248],{"class":247},[55,87041,86608],{"class":251},[55,87043,248],{"class":247},[55,87045,3825],{"class":69},[55,87047,47501],{"class":4040},[55,87049,86618],{"class":86617},[55,87051,6552],{"class":69},[55,87053,87054,87056,87058,87060,87062,87064],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,87055,8230],{"class":120},[55,87057,103],{"class":69},[55,87059,86724],{"class":86617},[55,87061,44],{"class":69},[55,87063,86634],{"class":99},[55,87065,7354],{"class":69},[46,87067,87069],{"className":48,"code":87068,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87070,87071,87076,87118],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87072,87073],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87074,87075],{"class":133},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[55,87077,87078,87080,87082,87084,87086,87088,87090,87092,87094,87096,87098,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110,87112,87114,87116],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,87079,86576],{"class":4040},[55,87081,86579],{"class":120},[55,87083,103],{"class":69},[55,87085,248],{"class":247},[55,87087,87021],{"class":251},[55,87089,248],{"class":247},[55,87091,77],{"class":69},[55,87093,258],{"class":247},[55,87095,60612],{"class":251},[55,87097,248],{"class":247},[55,87099,77],{"class":69},[55,87101,86601],{"class":9337},[55,87103,66],{"class":65},[55,87105,248],{"class":247},[55,87107,86608],{"class":251},[55,87109,248],{"class":247},[55,87111,3825],{"class":69},[55,87113,47501],{"class":4040},[55,87115,86618],{"class":86617},[55,87117,6552],{"class":69},[55,87119,87120,87123,87125,87127,87129,87131,87133,87136,87138],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,87121,87122],{"class":86617},"    file",[55,87124,44],{"class":69},[55,87126,70177],{"class":99},[55,87128,103],{"class":69},[55,87130,248],{"class":247},[55,87132,35009],{"class":251},[55,87134,87135],{"class":1885},"\\n",[55,87137,248],{"class":247},[55,87139,114],{"class":69},[46,87141,87143],{"className":48,"code":87142,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87144,87145,87150,87192],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87146,87147],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87148,87149],{"class":133},"# Append to a text file\n",[55,87151,87152,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162,87164,87166,87168,87170,87172,87174,87176,87178,87180,87182,87184,87186,87188,87190],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,87153,86576],{"class":4040},[55,87155,86579],{"class":120},[55,87157,103],{"class":69},[55,87159,248],{"class":247},[55,87161,87021],{"class":251},[55,87163,248],{"class":247},[55,87165,77],{"class":69},[55,87167,258],{"class":247},[55,87169,36],{"class":251},[55,87171,248],{"class":247},[55,87173,77],{"class":69},[55,87175,86601],{"class":9337},[55,87177,66],{"class":65},[55,87179,248],{"class":247},[55,87181,86608],{"class":251},[55,87183,248],{"class":247},[55,87185,3825],{"class":69},[55,87187,47501],{"class":4040},[55,87189,86618],{"class":86617},[55,87191,6552],{"class":69},[55,87193,87194,87196,87198,87200,87202,87204,87207,87209,87211],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,87195,87122],{"class":86617},[55,87197,44],{"class":69},[55,87199,70177],{"class":99},[55,87201,103],{"class":69},[55,87203,248],{"class":247},[55,87205,87206],{"class":251},"Another line",[55,87208,87135],{"class":1885},[55,87210,248],{"class":247},[55,87212,114],{"class":69},[20,87214,69329,87215,87217],{},[15,87216,86972],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[142,87219,87221],{"id":87220},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87223,87224,22122,87226,44],{},[15,87225,86557],{},[1966,87227,86682],{},[20,87229,87230],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[155,87232,87233,87238,87243],{},[158,87234,87235],{},[15,87236,87237],{},"file.read()",[158,87239,87240],{},[15,87241,87242],{},"file.write()",[158,87244,87245],{},[15,87246,87247],{},"file.close()",[20,87249,87250],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87252,230],{},[46,87254,87256],{"className":48,"code":87255,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87257,87258,87300],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87259,87260,87262,87264,87266,87268,87270,87272,87274,87276,87278,87280,87282,87284,87286,87288,87290,87292,87294,87296,87298],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87261,86576],{"class":4040},[55,87263,86579],{"class":120},[55,87265,103],{"class":69},[55,87267,248],{"class":247},[55,87269,86586],{"class":251},[55,87271,248],{"class":247},[55,87273,77],{"class":69},[55,87275,258],{"class":247},[55,87277,60629],{"class":251},[55,87279,248],{"class":247},[55,87281,77],{"class":69},[55,87283,86601],{"class":9337},[55,87285,66],{"class":65},[55,87287,248],{"class":247},[55,87289,86608],{"class":251},[55,87291,248],{"class":247},[55,87293,3825],{"class":69},[55,87295,47501],{"class":4040},[55,87297,86618],{"class":86617},[55,87299,6552],{"class":69},[55,87301,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310,87312],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,87303,8230],{"class":120},[55,87305,103],{"class":69},[55,87307,1910],{"class":1898},[55,87309,103],{"class":69},[55,87311,86724],{"class":86617},[55,87313,1867],{"class":69},[20,87315,30174],{},[46,87317,87319],{"className":48,"code":87318,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87320,87321],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87322,87323,87325,87327,87329,87332,87334],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87324,3454],{"class":65},[55,87326,3457],{"class":2226},[55,87328,324],{"class":247},[55,87330,87331],{"class":251},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[55,87333,315],{"class":247},[55,87335,3466],{"class":65},[20,87337,87338,87339,87341],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87340,86557],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[142,87343,87345],{"id":87344},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87347,87348],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[46,87350,87351],{"className":48,"code":86569,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,87352,87353,87395,87409],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87354,87355,87357,87359,87361,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387,87389,87391,87393],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87356,86576],{"class":4040},[55,87358,86579],{"class":120},[55,87360,103],{"class":69},[55,87362,248],{"class":247},[55,87364,86586],{"class":251},[55,87366,248],{"class":247},[55,87368,77],{"class":69},[55,87370,258],{"class":247},[55,87372,60629],{"class":251},[55,87374,248],{"class":247},[55,87376,77],{"class":69},[55,87378,86601],{"class":9337},[55,87380,66],{"class":65},[55,87382,248],{"class":247},[55,87384,86608],{"class":251},[55,87386,248],{"class":247},[55,87388,3825],{"class":69},[55,87390,47501],{"class":4040},[55,87392,86618],{"class":86617},[55,87394,6552],{"class":69},[55,87396,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,87398,86625],{"class":61},[55,87400,66],{"class":65},[55,87402,86618],{"class":86617},[55,87404,44],{"class":69},[55,87406,86634],{"class":99},[55,87408,8804],{"class":69},[55,87410,87411,87413,87415,87417],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,87412,8230],{"class":120},[55,87414,103],{"class":69},[55,87416,86645],{"class":99},[55,87418,114],{"class":69},[20,87420,87421],{},"Why this is recommended:",[155,87423,87424,87429,87435,87438],{},[158,87425,87426,87428],{},[15,87427,86576],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[158,87430,87431,87432,87434],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87433,86712],{}," yourself",[158,87436,87437],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[158,87439,87440],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87442,83734,87443,87445],{},[15,87444,86576],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[46,87447,87448],{"className":48,"code":86717,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,87449,87450,87488,87502,87512],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87451,87452,87454,87456,87458,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482,87484,87486],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87453,86724],{"class":86617},[55,87455,1683],{"class":65},[55,87457,86579],{"class":120},[55,87459,103],{"class":69},[55,87461,248],{"class":247},[55,87463,86586],{"class":251},[55,87465,248],{"class":247},[55,87467,77],{"class":69},[55,87469,258],{"class":247},[55,87471,60629],{"class":251},[55,87473,248],{"class":247},[55,87475,77],{"class":69},[55,87477,86601],{"class":9337},[55,87479,66],{"class":65},[55,87481,248],{"class":247},[55,87483,86608],{"class":251},[55,87485,248],{"class":247},[55,87487,114],{"class":69},[55,87489,87490,87492,87494,87496,87498,87500],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,87491,86763],{"class":61},[55,87493,66],{"class":65},[55,87495,86618],{"class":86617},[55,87497,44],{"class":69},[55,87499,86634],{"class":99},[55,87501,8804],{"class":69},[55,87503,87504,87506,87508,87510],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,87505,121],{"class":120},[55,87507,103],{"class":69},[55,87509,86645],{"class":99},[55,87511,114],{"class":69},[55,87513,87514,87516,87518,87520],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,87515,86724],{"class":86617},[55,87517,44],{"class":69},[55,87519,86792],{"class":99},[55,87521,8804],{"class":69},[20,87523,87524],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[142,87526,87528],{"id":87527},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87530,87531,87532,87534],{},"Use mode ",[15,87533,86655],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[577,87536,87538],{"id":87537},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87540,87541,87543],{},[15,87542,86692],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[46,87545,87546],{"className":48,"code":86569,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,87547,87548,87590,87604],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87549,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572,87574,87576,87578,87580,87582,87584,87586,87588],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87551,86576],{"class":4040},[55,87553,86579],{"class":120},[55,87555,103],{"class":69},[55,87557,248],{"class":247},[55,87559,86586],{"class":251},[55,87561,248],{"class":247},[55,87563,77],{"class":69},[55,87565,258],{"class":247},[55,87567,60629],{"class":251},[55,87569,248],{"class":247},[55,87571,77],{"class":69},[55,87573,86601],{"class":9337},[55,87575,66],{"class":65},[55,87577,248],{"class":247},[55,87579,86608],{"class":251},[55,87581,248],{"class":247},[55,87583,3825],{"class":69},[55,87585,47501],{"class":4040},[55,87587,86618],{"class":86617},[55,87589,6552],{"class":69},[55,87591,87592,87594,87596,87598,87600,87602],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,87593,86625],{"class":61},[55,87595,66],{"class":65},[55,87597,86618],{"class":86617},[55,87599,44],{"class":69},[55,87601,86634],{"class":99},[55,87603,8804],{"class":69},[55,87605,87606,87608,87610,87612],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,87607,8230],{"class":120},[55,87609,103],{"class":69},[55,87611,86645],{"class":99},[55,87613,114],{"class":69},[577,87615,87617],{"id":87616},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87619,87620,87622],{},[15,87621,86697],{}," reads one line at a time.",[46,87624,87626],{"className":48,"code":87625,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87627,87628,87670,87686],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87629,87630,87632,87634,87636,87638,87640,87642,87644,87646,87648,87650,87652,87654,87656,87658,87660,87662,87664,87666,87668],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87631,86576],{"class":4040},[55,87633,86579],{"class":120},[55,87635,103],{"class":69},[55,87637,248],{"class":247},[55,87639,86586],{"class":251},[55,87641,248],{"class":247},[55,87643,77],{"class":69},[55,87645,258],{"class":247},[55,87647,60629],{"class":251},[55,87649,248],{"class":247},[55,87651,77],{"class":69},[55,87653,86601],{"class":9337},[55,87655,66],{"class":65},[55,87657,248],{"class":247},[55,87659,86608],{"class":251},[55,87661,248],{"class":247},[55,87663,3825],{"class":69},[55,87665,47501],{"class":4040},[55,87667,86618],{"class":86617},[55,87669,6552],{"class":69},[55,87671,87672,87675,87677,87679,87681,87684],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,87673,87674],{"class":61},"    first_line ",[55,87676,66],{"class":65},[55,87678,86618],{"class":86617},[55,87680,44],{"class":69},[55,87682,87683],{"class":99},"readline",[55,87685,8804],{"class":69},[55,87687,87688,87690,87692,87695],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,87689,8230],{"class":120},[55,87691,103],{"class":69},[55,87693,87694],{"class":99},"first_line",[55,87696,114],{"class":69},[577,87698,87700],{"id":87699},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87702,87703],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[46,87705,87707],{"className":48,"code":87706,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87708,87709,87751,87765],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87710,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719,87721,87723,87725,87727,87729,87731,87733,87735,87737,87739,87741,87743,87745,87747,87749],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87712,86576],{"class":4040},[55,87714,86579],{"class":120},[55,87716,103],{"class":69},[55,87718,248],{"class":247},[55,87720,86586],{"class":251},[55,87722,248],{"class":247},[55,87724,77],{"class":69},[55,87726,258],{"class":247},[55,87728,60629],{"class":251},[55,87730,248],{"class":247},[55,87732,77],{"class":69},[55,87734,86601],{"class":9337},[55,87736,66],{"class":65},[55,87738,248],{"class":247},[55,87740,86608],{"class":251},[55,87742,248],{"class":247},[55,87744,3825],{"class":69},[55,87746,47501],{"class":4040},[55,87748,86618],{"class":86617},[55,87750,6552],{"class":69},[55,87752,87753,87756,87759,87761,87763],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,87754,87755],{"class":4040},"    for",[55,87757,87758],{"class":61}," line ",[55,87760,4047],{"class":4040},[55,87762,86618],{"class":86617},[55,87764,6552],{"class":69},[55,87766,87767,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,87768,47481],{"class":120},[55,87770,103],{"class":69},[55,87772,57],{"class":99},[55,87774,44],{"class":69},[55,87776,8795],{"class":99},[55,87778,7354],{"class":69},[20,87780,87781,87782,3041,87786,44],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[36,87783,87785],{"href":87784},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[36,87787,87789],{"href":87788},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[142,87791,87793],{"id":87792},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87795,31,87796,87798],{},[15,87797,86972],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[46,87800,87802],{"className":48,"code":87801,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87803,87804,87847,87868],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87805,87806,87808,87810,87812,87814,87817,87819,87821,87823,87825,87827,87829,87831,87833,87835,87837,87839,87841,87843,87845],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87807,86576],{"class":4040},[55,87809,86579],{"class":120},[55,87811,103],{"class":69},[55,87813,248],{"class":247},[55,87815,87816],{"class":251},"output.txt",[55,87818,248],{"class":247},[55,87820,77],{"class":69},[55,87822,258],{"class":247},[55,87824,60612],{"class":251},[55,87826,248],{"class":247},[55,87828,77],{"class":69},[55,87830,86601],{"class":9337},[55,87832,66],{"class":65},[55,87834,248],{"class":247},[55,87836,86608],{"class":251},[55,87838,248],{"class":247},[55,87840,3825],{"class":69},[55,87842,47501],{"class":4040},[55,87844,86618],{"class":86617},[55,87846,6552],{"class":69},[55,87848,87849,87851,87853,87855,87857,87859,87862,87864,87866],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,87850,87122],{"class":86617},[55,87852,44],{"class":69},[55,87854,70177],{"class":99},[55,87856,103],{"class":69},[55,87858,248],{"class":247},[55,87860,87861],{"class":251},"First line",[55,87863,87135],{"class":1885},[55,87865,248],{"class":247},[55,87867,114],{"class":69},[55,87869,87870,87872,87874,87876,87878,87880,87883,87885,87887],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,87871,87122],{"class":86617},[55,87873,44],{"class":69},[55,87875,70177],{"class":99},[55,87877,103],{"class":69},[55,87879,248],{"class":247},[55,87881,87882],{"class":251},"Second line",[55,87884,87135],{"class":1885},[55,87886,248],{"class":247},[55,87888,114],{"class":69},[20,87890,31,87891,87893],{},[15,87892,351],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[46,87895,87897],{"className":48,"code":87896,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87898,87899,87941],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87900,87901,87903,87905,87907,87909,87911,87913,87915,87917,87919,87921,87923,87925,87927,87929,87931,87933,87935,87937,87939],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87902,86576],{"class":4040},[55,87904,86579],{"class":120},[55,87906,103],{"class":69},[55,87908,248],{"class":247},[55,87910,87816],{"class":251},[55,87912,248],{"class":247},[55,87914,77],{"class":69},[55,87916,258],{"class":247},[55,87918,36],{"class":251},[55,87920,248],{"class":247},[55,87922,77],{"class":69},[55,87924,86601],{"class":9337},[55,87926,66],{"class":65},[55,87928,248],{"class":247},[55,87930,86608],{"class":251},[55,87932,248],{"class":247},[55,87934,3825],{"class":69},[55,87936,47501],{"class":4040},[55,87938,86618],{"class":86617},[55,87940,6552],{"class":69},[55,87942,87943,87945,87947,87949,87951,87953,87956,87958,87960],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,87944,87122],{"class":86617},[55,87946,44],{"class":69},[55,87948,70177],{"class":99},[55,87950,103],{"class":69},[55,87952,248],{"class":247},[55,87954,87955],{"class":251},"Third line",[55,87957,87135],{"class":1885},[55,87959,248],{"class":247},[55,87961,114],{"class":69},[20,87963,87964],{},"Important detail:",[155,87966,87967,87972,87979],{},[158,87968,87969,87971],{},[15,87970,86707],{}," writes a string",[158,87973,87974,14204,87976,87978],{},[15,87975,86707],{},[1966,87977,1968],{}," add a newline for you",[158,87980,87981,87982,87434],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87983,87135],{},[20,87985,87986,87987,3041,87991,44],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[36,87988,87990],{"href":87989},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[36,87992,87994],{"href":87993},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[142,87996,87998],{"id":87997},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88000,88001],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[577,88003,88005],{"id":88004},"encodingutf-8",[15,88006,86952],{},[20,88008,88009],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[46,88011,88013],{"className":48,"code":88012,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88014,88015,88058],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88016,88017,88019,88021,88023,88025,88028,88030,88032,88034,88036,88038,88040,88042,88044,88046,88048,88050,88052,88054,88056],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88018,86576],{"class":4040},[55,88020,86579],{"class":120},[55,88022,103],{"class":69},[55,88024,248],{"class":247},[55,88026,88027],{"class":251},"message.txt",[55,88029,248],{"class":247},[55,88031,77],{"class":69},[55,88033,258],{"class":247},[55,88035,60629],{"class":251},[55,88037,248],{"class":247},[55,88039,77],{"class":69},[55,88041,86601],{"class":9337},[55,88043,66],{"class":65},[55,88045,248],{"class":247},[55,88047,86608],{"class":251},[55,88049,248],{"class":247},[55,88051,3825],{"class":69},[55,88053,47501],{"class":4040},[55,88055,86618],{"class":86617},[55,88057,6552],{"class":69},[55,88059,88060,88062,88064,88066,88068,88070],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,88061,8230],{"class":120},[55,88063,103],{"class":69},[55,88065,86724],{"class":86617},[55,88067,44],{"class":69},[55,88069,86634],{"class":99},[55,88071,7354],{"class":69},[20,88073,88074],{},"Why it matters:",[155,88076,88077,88080,88083],{},[158,88078,88079],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[158,88081,88082],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[158,88084,88085],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[577,88087,88089],{"id":88088},"newline",[15,88090,88088],{},[20,88092,88093],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88095,88096],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[577,88098,88100],{"id":88099},"buffering",[15,88101,88099],{},[20,88103,88104],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88106,88107],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[142,88109,88111],{"id":88110},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88113,88114],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[577,88116,88118],{"id":88117},"filenotfounderror",[15,88119,88120],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88122,88123],{},"This happens when:",[155,88125,88126,88129,88132],{},[158,88127,88128],{},"the file does not exist",[158,88130,88131],{},"the path is wrong",[158,88133,88134],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88136,230],{},[46,88138,88140],{"className":48,"code":88139,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88141,88142,88185],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88143,88144,88146,88148,88150,88152,88155,88157,88159,88161,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171,88173,88175,88177,88179,88181,88183],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88145,86576],{"class":4040},[55,88147,86579],{"class":120},[55,88149,103],{"class":69},[55,88151,248],{"class":247},[55,88153,88154],{"class":251},"missing.txt",[55,88156,248],{"class":247},[55,88158,77],{"class":69},[55,88160,258],{"class":247},[55,88162,60629],{"class":251},[55,88164,248],{"class":247},[55,88166,77],{"class":69},[55,88168,86601],{"class":9337},[55,88170,66],{"class":65},[55,88172,248],{"class":247},[55,88174,86608],{"class":251},[55,88176,248],{"class":247},[55,88178,3825],{"class":69},[55,88180,47501],{"class":4040},[55,88182,86618],{"class":86617},[55,88184,6552],{"class":69},[55,88186,88187,88189,88191,88193,88195,88197],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,88188,8230],{"class":120},[55,88190,103],{"class":69},[55,88192,86724],{"class":86617},[55,88194,44],{"class":69},[55,88196,86634],{"class":99},[55,88198,7354],{"class":69},[20,88200,88201,88202,352,88210,44],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[36,88203,88205,88206,88209],{"href":88204},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[55,88207,88208],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[36,88211,88213],{"href":88212},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[577,88215,88217],{"id":88216},"permissionerror",[15,88218,88219],{},"PermissionError",[20,88221,88222],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88224,88225],{},"Example causes:",[155,88227,88228,88231,88234],{},[158,88229,88230],{},"the file is protected",[158,88232,88233],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[158,88235,88236],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88238,88239,88240],{},"Related page: ",[36,88241,88243,88244,88247],{"href":88242},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[55,88245,88246],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[577,88249,88251],{"id":88250},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88252,88253],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88255,88256],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88258,230],{},[46,88260,88262],{"className":48,"code":88261,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88263,88264,88307],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88265,88266,88268,88270,88272,88274,88277,88279,88281,88283,88285,88287,88289,88291,88293,88295,88297,88299,88301,88303,88305],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88267,86576],{"class":4040},[55,88269,86579],{"class":120},[55,88271,103],{"class":69},[55,88273,248],{"class":247},[55,88275,88276],{"class":251},"my_folder",[55,88278,248],{"class":247},[55,88280,77],{"class":69},[55,88282,258],{"class":247},[55,88284,60629],{"class":251},[55,88286,248],{"class":247},[55,88288,77],{"class":69},[55,88290,86601],{"class":9337},[55,88292,66],{"class":65},[55,88294,248],{"class":247},[55,88296,86608],{"class":251},[55,88298,248],{"class":247},[55,88300,3825],{"class":69},[55,88302,47501],{"class":4040},[55,88304,86618],{"class":86617},[55,88306,6552],{"class":69},[55,88308,88309,88311,88313,88315,88317,88319],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,88310,8230],{"class":120},[55,88312,103],{"class":69},[55,88314,86724],{"class":86617},[55,88316,44],{"class":69},[55,88318,86634],{"class":99},[55,88320,7354],{"class":69},[20,88322,88239,88323],{},[36,88324,88326,88327,88330],{"href":88325},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[55,88328,88329],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[577,88332,88334],{"id":88333},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88335,88336],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88338,88339,88340,44],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88341,86557],{},[20,88343,88239,88344],{},[36,88345,88347],{"href":88346},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[142,88349,88351],{"id":88350},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88353,88354,88355,88357],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88356,86557],{}," function.",[20,88359,88360],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[155,88362,88363,88366,88369,88375],{},[158,88364,88365],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[158,88367,88368],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[158,88370,88371,88372,88374],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88373,86557],{}," itself",[158,88376,88377,88378],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[36,88379,88381],{"href":88380},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[142,88383,2992],{"id":2991},[20,88385,88386,88387,153],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88388,86557],{},[155,88390,88391,88396,88402,88407,88410,88413],{},[158,88392,8578,88393,88395],{},[15,88394,86655],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[158,88397,88398,88399,88401],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88400,86856],{}," for text files",[158,88403,8578,88404,88406],{},[15,88405,86972],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[158,88408,88409],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[158,88411,88412],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[158,88414,88415],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88417,88418],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[46,88420,88422],{"className":48,"code":88421,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88423,88424,88431],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88425,88426,88428],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88427,35233],{"class":4040},[55,88429,88430],{"class":61}," os\n",[55,88432,88433,88435,88437,88439,88441,88444],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,88434,121],{"class":120},[55,88436,103],{"class":69},[55,88438,42768],{"class":99},[55,88440,44],{"class":69},[55,88442,88443],{"class":99},"getcwd",[55,88445,7354],{"class":69},[20,88447,88448],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[46,88450,88452],{"className":48,"code":88451,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88453,88454,88460],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88455,88456,88458],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88457,35233],{"class":4040},[55,88459,88430],{"class":61},[55,88461,88462,88464,88466,88468,88470,88473,88475,88478,88480,88482,88484,88486],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,88463,121],{"class":120},[55,88465,103],{"class":69},[55,88467,42768],{"class":99},[55,88469,44],{"class":69},[55,88471,88472],{"class":1880},"path",[55,88474,44],{"class":69},[55,88476,88477],{"class":99},"exists",[55,88479,103],{"class":69},[55,88481,248],{"class":247},[55,88483,86586],{"class":251},[55,88485,248],{"class":247},[55,88487,1867],{"class":69},[20,88489,88490],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[46,88492,88494],{"className":48,"code":88493,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88495,88496,88502],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88497,88498,88500],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88499,35233],{"class":4040},[55,88501,88430],{"class":61},[55,88503,88504,88506,88508,88510,88512,88514,88516,88519,88521,88523,88525,88527],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,88505,121],{"class":120},[55,88507,103],{"class":69},[55,88509,42768],{"class":99},[55,88511,44],{"class":69},[55,88513,88472],{"class":1880},[55,88515,44],{"class":69},[55,88517,88518],{"class":99},"isfile",[55,88520,103],{"class":69},[55,88522,248],{"class":247},[55,88524,86586],{"class":251},[55,88526,248],{"class":247},[55,88528,1867],{"class":69},[20,88530,88531],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[46,88533,88535],{"className":48,"code":88534,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88536,88537,88579],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88538,88539,88541,88543,88545,88547,88549,88551,88553,88555,88557,88559,88561,88563,88565,88567,88569,88571,88573,88575,88577],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88540,86576],{"class":4040},[55,88542,86579],{"class":120},[55,88544,103],{"class":69},[55,88546,248],{"class":247},[55,88548,86586],{"class":251},[55,88550,248],{"class":247},[55,88552,77],{"class":69},[55,88554,258],{"class":247},[55,88556,60629],{"class":251},[55,88558,248],{"class":247},[55,88560,77],{"class":69},[55,88562,86601],{"class":9337},[55,88564,66],{"class":65},[55,88566,248],{"class":247},[55,88568,86608],{"class":251},[55,88570,248],{"class":247},[55,88572,3825],{"class":69},[55,88574,47501],{"class":4040},[55,88576,86618],{"class":86617},[55,88578,6552],{"class":69},[55,88580,88581,88583,88585,88587,88589,88591],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,88582,8230],{"class":120},[55,88584,103],{"class":69},[55,88586,86724],{"class":86617},[55,88588,44],{"class":69},[55,88590,86634],{"class":99},[55,88592,7354],{"class":69},[20,88594,88595],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[142,88597,1986],{"id":1985},[577,88599,88601],{"id":88600},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88603,88604],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[577,88606,88608],{"id":88607},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88610,88611,88612,88614],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88613,86576],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[577,88616,2022,88618,352,88620,88622],{"id":88617},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88619,86972],{},[15,88621,351],{}," mode?",[20,88624,88625,88627,88628,88630],{},[15,88626,86972],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88629,351],{}," adds new content to the end.",[577,88632,88634],{"id":88633},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88636,88637],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[577,88639,88641],{"id":88640},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88643,88644,88645,88647],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88646,86952],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[142,88649,2039],{"id":2038},[155,88651,88652,88656,88660,88664,88668,88672,88676,88682],{},[158,88653,88654],{},[36,88655,87785],{"href":87784},[158,88657,88658],{},[36,88659,87990],{"href":87989},[158,88661,88662],{},[36,88663,87994],{"href":87993},[158,88665,88666],{},[36,88667,87789],{"href":87788},[158,88669,88670],{},[36,88671,88381],{"href":88380},[158,88673,88674],{},[36,88675,88213],{"href":88212},[158,88677,88678],{},[36,88679,88205,88680,88209],{"href":88204},[55,88681,88208],{},[158,88683,88684],{},[36,88685,88243,88686,88247],{"href":88242},[55,88687,88246],{},[2080,88689,88690],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":88692},[88693,88694,88695,88696,88697,88698,88699,88704,88705,88710,88716,88717,88718,88726],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":86659,"depth":91,"text":86660},{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":86956,"depth":91,"text":86957},{"id":87220,"depth":91,"text":87221},{"id":87344,"depth":91,"text":87345},{"id":87527,"depth":91,"text":87528,"children":88700},[88701,88702,88703],{"id":87537,"depth":117,"text":87538},{"id":87616,"depth":117,"text":87617},{"id":87699,"depth":117,"text":87700},{"id":87792,"depth":91,"text":87793},{"id":87997,"depth":91,"text":87998,"children":88706},[88707,88708,88709],{"id":88004,"depth":117,"text":86952},{"id":88088,"depth":117,"text":88088},{"id":88099,"depth":117,"text":88099},{"id":88110,"depth":91,"text":88111,"children":88711},[88712,88713,88714,88715],{"id":88117,"depth":117,"text":88120},{"id":88216,"depth":117,"text":88219},{"id":88250,"depth":117,"text":88253},{"id":88333,"depth":117,"text":88336},{"id":88350,"depth":91,"text":88351},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":88719},[88720,88721,88722,88724,88725],{"id":88600,"depth":117,"text":88601},{"id":88607,"depth":117,"text":88608},{"id":88617,"depth":117,"text":88723},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88633,"depth":117,"text":88634},{"id":88640,"depth":117,"text":88641},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86547,"description":88727},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88734,"title":88735,"body":88736,"description":90731,"extension":2124,"meta":90732,"navigation":428,"path":90733,"seo":90734,"stem":90735,"__hash__":90736},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88737,"toc":90678},[88738,88743,88748,88754,88756,88824,88826,88845,88850,88855,88860,88863,88875,88877,88920,88922,88940,88951,88953,88955,88980,88982,88993,88995,89055,89057,89083,89086,89090,89095,89099,89102,89136,89140,89143,89168,89172,89195,89199,89232,89237,89241,89246,89249,89317,89319,89343,89348,89351,89382,89384,89416,89433,89437,89442,89466,89473,89478,89483,89486,89490,89525,89527,89536,89540,89631,89633,89664,89669,89676,89681,89690,89693,89727,89729,89743,89747,89788,89790,89799,89803,89851,89853,89867,89872,89883,89890,89896,89898,89933,89935,89949,89952,89974,89980,90009,90020,90026,90032,90046,90048,90127,90129,90179,90186,90188,90193,90197,90200,90215,90220,90222,90241,90247,90250,90265,90267,90285,90291,90296,90326,90329,90352,90355,90382,90389,90395,90403,90426,90431,90439,90441,90461,90465,90471,90521,90524,90546,90548,90554,90562,90568,90574,90582,90587,90591,90594,90617,90622,90629,90641,90643,90675],[10,88739,3740,88741,3744],{"id":88740},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88742,46595],{},[20,88744,32461,88745,88747],{},[15,88746,46595],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88749,88750,88751,88753],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88752,46595],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[142,88755,2165],{"id":2164},[46,88757,88759],{"className":48,"code":88758,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88760,88761,88773,88782,88786,88796,88806],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88762,88763,88765,88767,88769,88771],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88764,8037],{"class":61},[55,88766,66],{"class":65},[55,88768,258],{"class":247},[55,88770,8082],{"class":251},[55,88772,3522],{"class":247},[55,88774,88775,88777,88779],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,88776,21775],{"class":61},[55,88778,66],{"class":65},[55,88780,88781],{"class":73}," 12\n",[55,88783,88784],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,88785,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,88787,88788,88790,88792,88794],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,88789,121],{"class":120},[55,88791,103],{"class":69},[55,88793,7829],{"class":99},[55,88795,114],{"class":69},[55,88797,88798,88800,88802,88804],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,88799,121],{"class":120},[55,88801,103],{"class":69},[55,88803,9461],{"class":99},[55,88805,114],{"class":69},[55,88807,88808,88810,88812,88814,88816,88818,88820,88822],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,88809,121],{"class":120},[55,88811,103],{"class":69},[55,88813,248],{"class":247},[55,88815,35009],{"class":251},[55,88817,248],{"class":247},[55,88819,77],{"class":69},[55,88821,36132],{"class":99},[55,88823,114],{"class":69},[20,88825,302],{},[46,88827,88829],{"className":48,"code":88828,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88830,88831,88836,88840],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88832,88833],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88834,88835],{"class":61},"Mia\n",[55,88837,88838],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,88839,2388],{"class":73},[55,88841,88842],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,88843,88844],{"class":61},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88846,31,88847,88849],{},[15,88848,46595],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[142,88851,145,88853,148],{"id":88852},"what-print-does",[15,88854,46595],{},[20,88856,88857,88859],{},[15,88858,46595],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88861,88862],{},"You can use it to display:",[155,88864,88865,88867,88869,88872],{},[158,88866,34850],{},[158,88868,94],{},[158,88870,88871],{},"variables",[158,88873,88874],{},"expressions",[20,88876,230],{},[46,88878,88880],{"className":48,"code":88879,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88881,88882,88896,88906],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88883,88884,88886,88888,88890,88892,88894],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88885,121],{"class":120},[55,88887,103],{"class":69},[55,88889,248],{"class":247},[55,88891,35009],{"class":251},[55,88893,248],{"class":247},[55,88895,114],{"class":69},[55,88897,88898,88900,88902,88904],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,88899,121],{"class":120},[55,88901,103],{"class":69},[55,88903,2297],{"class":73},[55,88905,114],{"class":69},[55,88907,88908,88910,88912,88914,88916,88918],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,88909,121],{"class":120},[55,88911,103],{"class":69},[55,88913,106],{"class":73},[55,88915,2615],{"class":65},[55,88917,111],{"class":73},[55,88919,114],{"class":69},[20,88921,302],{},[46,88923,88925],{"className":48,"code":88924,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88926,88927,88932,88936],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88928,88929],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88930,88931],{"class":61},"Hello\n",[55,88933,88934],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,88935,3110],{"class":73},[55,88937,88938],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,88939,3110],{"class":73},[20,88941,88942,88943,88945,88946,88950],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88944,46595],{}," ",[1966,88947,3855,88948],{},[15,88949,172],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[142,88952,2319],{"id":2318},[20,88954,30869],{},[46,88956,88958],{"className":48,"code":88957,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88959,88960],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88961,88962,88964,88966,88969,88971,88974,88976,88978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88963,121],{"class":120},[55,88965,103],{"class":69},[55,88967,88968],{"class":99},"object1",[55,88970,77],{"class":69},[55,88972,88973],{"class":99}," object2",[55,88975,77],{"class":69},[55,88977,34595],{"class":120},[55,88979,114],{"class":69},[20,88981,80185],{},[155,88983,88984,88987,88990],{},[158,88985,88986],{},"one value",[158,88988,88989],{},"many values",[158,88991,88992],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88994,230],{},[46,88996,88998],{"className":48,"code":88997,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88999,89000,89014,89033],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89001,89002,89004,89006,89008,89010,89012],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89003,121],{"class":120},[55,89005,103],{"class":69},[55,89007,248],{"class":247},[55,89009,57891],{"class":251},[55,89011,248],{"class":247},[55,89013,114],{"class":69},[55,89015,89016,89018,89020,89022,89025,89027,89029,89031],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89017,121],{"class":120},[55,89019,103],{"class":69},[55,89021,248],{"class":247},[55,89023,89024],{"class":251},"Score:",[55,89026,248],{"class":247},[55,89028,77],{"class":69},[55,89030,6162],{"class":73},[55,89032,114],{"class":69},[55,89034,89035,89037,89039,89041,89043,89045,89047,89049,89051,89053],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,89036,121],{"class":120},[55,89038,103],{"class":69},[55,89040,248],{"class":247},[55,89042,45706],{"class":251},[55,89044,248],{"class":247},[55,89046,77],{"class":69},[55,89048,85],{"class":73},[55,89050,2615],{"class":65},[55,89052,37783],{"class":73},[55,89054,114],{"class":69},[20,89056,302],{},[46,89058,89060],{"className":48,"code":89059,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89061,89062,89066,89075],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89063,89064],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89065,85338],{"class":61},[55,89067,89068,89071,89073],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89069,89070],{"class":61},"Score",[55,89072,153],{"class":69},[55,89074,2748],{"class":73},[55,89076,89077,89079,89081],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,89078,45746],{"class":61},[55,89080,153],{"class":69},[55,89082,2748],{"class":73},[20,89084,89085],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[142,89087,89089],{"id":89088},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89091,89092,89093,44],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89094,46595],{},[577,89096,89098],{"id":89097},"print-text","Print text",[20,89100,89101],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[46,89103,89105],{"className":48,"code":89104,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89106,89107,89121],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89108,89109,89111,89113,89115,89117,89119],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89110,121],{"class":120},[55,89112,103],{"class":69},[55,89114,248],{"class":247},[55,89116,35009],{"class":251},[55,89118,248],{"class":247},[55,89120,114],{"class":69},[55,89122,89123,89125,89127,89129,89132,89134],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89124,121],{"class":120},[55,89126,103],{"class":69},[55,89128,248],{"class":247},[55,89130,89131],{"class":251},"Python is fun",[55,89133,248],{"class":247},[55,89135,114],{"class":69},[577,89137,89139],{"id":89138},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89141,89142],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[46,89144,89146],{"className":48,"code":89145,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89147,89148,89158],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89149,89150,89152,89154,89156],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89151,121],{"class":120},[55,89153,103],{"class":69},[55,89155,2297],{"class":73},[55,89157,114],{"class":69},[55,89159,89160,89162,89164,89166],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89161,121],{"class":120},[55,89163,103],{"class":69},[55,89165,40284],{"class":73},[55,89167,114],{"class":69},[577,89169,89171],{"id":89170},"print-variables","Print variables",[46,89173,89175],{"className":48,"code":89174,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89176,89177,89185],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89178,89179,89181,89183],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89180,5256],{"class":61},[55,89182,66],{"class":65},[55,89184,1686],{"class":73},[55,89186,89187,89189,89191,89193],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89188,121],{"class":120},[55,89190,103],{"class":69},[55,89192,85502],{"class":99},[55,89194,114],{"class":69},[577,89196,89198],{"id":89197},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[46,89200,89202],{"className":48,"code":89201,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89203,89204,89218],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89205,89206,89208,89210,89212,89214,89216],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89207,121],{"class":120},[55,89209,103],{"class":69},[55,89211,106],{"class":73},[55,89213,2615],{"class":65},[55,89215,111],{"class":73},[55,89217,114],{"class":69},[55,89219,89220,89222,89224,89226,89228,89230],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89221,121],{"class":120},[55,89223,103],{"class":69},[55,89225,800],{"class":73},[55,89227,82814],{"class":65},[55,89229,85],{"class":73},[55,89231,114],{"class":69},[20,89233,89234,89235,44],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[36,89236,51121],{"href":51120},[142,89238,89240],{"id":89239},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89242,89243,89245],{},[15,89244,46595],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89247,89248],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[46,89250,89252],{"className":48,"code":89251,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89253,89254,89267,89275,89279,89298],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89255,89256,89258,89260,89262,89265],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89257,8037],{"class":61},[55,89259,66],{"class":65},[55,89261,258],{"class":247},[55,89263,89264],{"class":251},"Ava",[55,89266,3522],{"class":247},[55,89268,89269,89271,89273],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89270,21775],{"class":61},[55,89272,66],{"class":65},[55,89274,2748],{"class":73},[55,89276,89277],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,89278,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,89280,89281,89283,89285,89287,89290,89292,89294,89296],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,89282,121],{"class":120},[55,89284,103],{"class":69},[55,89286,248],{"class":247},[55,89288,89289],{"class":251},"Name:",[55,89291,248],{"class":247},[55,89293,77],{"class":69},[55,89295,36132],{"class":99},[55,89297,114],{"class":69},[55,89299,89300,89302,89304,89306,89309,89311,89313,89315],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,89301,121],{"class":120},[55,89303,103],{"class":69},[55,89305,248],{"class":247},[55,89307,89308],{"class":251},"Age:",[55,89310,248],{"class":247},[55,89312,77],{"class":69},[55,89314,9350],{"class":99},[55,89316,114],{"class":69},[20,89318,302],{},[46,89320,89322],{"className":48,"code":89321,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89323,89324,89334],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89325,89326,89329,89331],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89327,89328],{"class":61},"Name",[55,89330,153],{"class":69},[55,89332,89333],{"class":61}," Ava\n",[55,89335,89336,89339,89341],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89337,89338],{"class":61},"Age",[55,89340,153],{"class":69},[55,89342,2748],{"class":73},[20,89344,89345,89346,44],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89347,2220],{},[20,89349,89350],{},"For example, this works:",[46,89352,89354],{"className":48,"code":89353,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89355,89356,89364],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89357,89358,89360,89362],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89359,21775],{"class":61},[55,89361,66],{"class":65},[55,89363,2748],{"class":73},[55,89365,89366,89368,89370,89372,89374,89376,89378,89380],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89367,121],{"class":120},[55,89369,103],{"class":69},[55,89371,248],{"class":247},[55,89373,89308],{"class":251},[55,89375,248],{"class":247},[55,89377,77],{"class":69},[55,89379,9350],{"class":99},[55,89381,114],{"class":69},[20,89383,37065],{},[46,89385,89387],{"className":48,"code":89386,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89388,89389,89397],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89390,89391,89393,89395],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89392,21775],{"class":61},[55,89394,66],{"class":65},[55,89396,2748],{"class":73},[55,89398,89399,89401,89403,89405,89408,89410,89412,89414],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89400,121],{"class":120},[55,89402,103],{"class":69},[55,89404,248],{"class":247},[55,89406,89407],{"class":251},"Age: ",[55,89409,248],{"class":247},[55,89411,2615],{"class":65},[55,89413,9350],{"class":99},[55,89415,114],{"class":69},[20,89417,89418,89419,89422,89423,89425,89426,89428,89429,44],{},"That fails because ",[15,89420,89421],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89424,9461],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89427,2220],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[36,89430,89431],{"href":42317},[15,89432,47827],{},[142,89434,89436],{"id":89435},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89438,89439,89441],{},[15,89440,46595],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[155,89443,89444,89450,89455,89460],{},[158,89445,89446,89449],{},[15,89447,89448],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[158,89451,89452,89454],{},[15,89453,52804],{}," controls what is added after the output",[158,89456,89457,89459],{},[15,89458,86724],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[158,89461,89462,89465],{},[15,89463,89464],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89467,89468,89469,352,89471,44],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89470,89448],{},[15,89472,52804],{},[142,89474,89476,36754],{"id":89475},"sep-argument",[15,89477,89448],{},[20,89479,568,89480,89482],{},[15,89481,89448],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89484,89485],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[577,89487,89489],{"id":89488},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[46,89491,89493],{"className":48,"code":89492,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89494,89495],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89496,89497,89499,89501,89503,89505,89507,89509,89511,89513,89515,89517,89519,89521,89523],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89498,121],{"class":120},[55,89500,103],{"class":69},[55,89502,248],{"class":247},[55,89504,381],{"class":251},[55,89506,248],{"class":247},[55,89508,77],{"class":69},[55,89510,258],{"class":247},[55,89512,399],{"class":251},[55,89514,248],{"class":247},[55,89516,77],{"class":69},[55,89518,258],{"class":247},[55,89520,390],{"class":251},[55,89522,248],{"class":247},[55,89524,114],{"class":69},[20,89526,302],{},[46,89528,89530],{"className":48,"code":89529,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"red green blue\n",[15,89531,89532],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89533,89534],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89535,89529],{"class":61},[577,89537,89539],{"id":89538},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[46,89541,89543],{"className":48,"code":89542,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89544,89545,89588],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89546,89547,89549,89551,89553,89555,89557,89559,89561,89563,89565,89567,89569,89571,89573,89575,89578,89580,89582,89584,89586],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89548,121],{"class":120},[55,89550,103],{"class":69},[55,89552,248],{"class":247},[55,89554,381],{"class":251},[55,89556,248],{"class":247},[55,89558,77],{"class":69},[55,89560,258],{"class":247},[55,89562,399],{"class":251},[55,89564,248],{"class":247},[55,89566,77],{"class":69},[55,89568,258],{"class":247},[55,89570,390],{"class":251},[55,89572,248],{"class":247},[55,89574,77],{"class":69},[55,89576,89577],{"class":9337}," sep",[55,89579,66],{"class":65},[55,89581,248],{"class":247},[55,89583,77],{"class":251},[55,89585,248],{"class":247},[55,89587,114],{"class":69},[55,89589,89590,89592,89594,89596,89598,89600,89602,89604,89606,89608,89610,89612,89614,89616,89618,89620,89622,89624,89627,89629],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89591,121],{"class":120},[55,89593,103],{"class":69},[55,89595,248],{"class":247},[55,89597,381],{"class":251},[55,89599,248],{"class":247},[55,89601,77],{"class":69},[55,89603,258],{"class":247},[55,89605,399],{"class":251},[55,89607,248],{"class":247},[55,89609,77],{"class":69},[55,89611,258],{"class":247},[55,89613,390],{"class":251},[55,89615,248],{"class":247},[55,89617,77],{"class":69},[55,89619,89577],{"class":9337},[55,89621,66],{"class":65},[55,89623,248],{"class":247},[55,89625,89626],{"class":251}," - ",[55,89628,248],{"class":247},[55,89630,114],{"class":69},[20,89632,302],{},[46,89634,89636],{"className":48,"code":89635,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89637,89638,89650],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89639,89640,89642,89644,89646,89648],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89641,381],{"class":61},[55,89643,77],{"class":69},[55,89645,399],{"class":61},[55,89647,77],{"class":69},[55,89649,69963],{"class":61},[55,89651,89652,89655,89657,89660,89662],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89653,89654],{"class":61},"red ",[55,89656,903],{"class":65},[55,89658,89659],{"class":61}," green ",[55,89661,903],{"class":65},[55,89663,36021],{"class":61},[20,89665,89666,89668],{},[15,89667,89448],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89670,89671,89672,44],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[36,89673,89675],{"href":89674},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[142,89677,89679,36754],{"id":89678},"end-argument",[15,89680,52804],{},[20,89682,89683,89684,89686,89687,89689],{},"By default, ",[15,89685,46595],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89688,46595],{}," starts on a new line.",[577,89691,89489],{"id":89692},"default-behavior-1",[46,89694,89696],{"className":48,"code":89695,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89697,89698,89712],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89699,89700,89702,89704,89706,89708,89710],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89701,121],{"class":120},[55,89703,103],{"class":69},[55,89705,248],{"class":247},[55,89707,35009],{"class":251},[55,89709,248],{"class":247},[55,89711,114],{"class":69},[55,89713,89714,89716,89718,89720,89723,89725],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89715,121],{"class":120},[55,89717,103],{"class":69},[55,89719,248],{"class":247},[55,89721,89722],{"class":251},"World",[55,89724,248],{"class":247},[55,89726,114],{"class":69},[20,89728,302],{},[46,89730,89732],{"className":48,"code":89731,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89733,89734,89738],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89735,89736],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89737,88931],{"class":61},[55,89739,89740],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89741,89742],{"class":61},"World\n",[577,89744,89746],{"id":89745},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[46,89748,89750],{"className":48,"code":89749,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89751,89752,89774],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89753,89754,89756,89758,89760,89762,89764,89766,89768,89770,89772],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89755,121],{"class":120},[55,89757,103],{"class":69},[55,89759,248],{"class":247},[55,89761,35009],{"class":251},[55,89763,248],{"class":247},[55,89765,77],{"class":69},[55,89767,65165],{"class":9337},[55,89769,66],{"class":65},[55,89771,6430],{"class":247},[55,89773,114],{"class":69},[55,89775,89776,89778,89780,89782,89784,89786],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89777,121],{"class":120},[55,89779,103],{"class":69},[55,89781,248],{"class":247},[55,89783,89722],{"class":251},[55,89785,248],{"class":247},[55,89787,114],{"class":69},[20,89789,302],{},[46,89791,89793],{"className":48,"code":89792,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89794,89795],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89796,89797],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89798,89792],{"class":61},[577,89800,89802],{"id":89801},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[46,89804,89806],{"className":48,"code":89805,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89807,89808,89837],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89809,89810,89812,89814,89816,89818,89820,89822,89824,89826,89828,89831,89833,89835],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89811,121],{"class":120},[55,89813,103],{"class":69},[55,89815,248],{"class":247},[55,89817,35009],{"class":251},[55,89819,248],{"class":247},[55,89821,77],{"class":69},[55,89823,65165],{"class":9337},[55,89825,66],{"class":65},[55,89827,248],{"class":247},[55,89829,89830],{"class":251},"!",[55,89832,87135],{"class":1885},[55,89834,248],{"class":247},[55,89836,114],{"class":69},[55,89838,89839,89841,89843,89845,89847,89849],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89840,121],{"class":120},[55,89842,103],{"class":69},[55,89844,248],{"class":247},[55,89846,89722],{"class":251},[55,89848,248],{"class":247},[55,89850,114],{"class":69},[20,89852,302],{},[46,89854,89856],{"className":48,"code":89855,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89857,89858,89863],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89859,89860],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89861,89862],{"class":61},"Hello!\n",[55,89864,89865],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89866,89742],{"class":61},[20,89868,568,89869,89871],{},[15,89870,52804],{}," argument is useful for:",[155,89873,89874,89877,89880],{},[158,89875,89876],{},"progress messages",[158,89878,89879],{},"inline output",[158,89881,89882],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[142,89884,89886,2558,89888],{"id":89885},"print-returns-none",[15,89887,46595],{},[15,89889,172],{},[20,89891,89892,89893,89895],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89894,46595],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89897,230],{},[46,89899,89901],{"className":48,"code":89900,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89902,89903,89923],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89904,89905,89907,89909,89912,89914,89916,89919,89921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89906,1255],{"class":61},[55,89908,66],{"class":65},[55,89910,89911],{"class":120}," print",[55,89913,103],{"class":69},[55,89915,248],{"class":247},[55,89917,89918],{"class":251},"Hi",[55,89920,248],{"class":247},[55,89922,114],{"class":69},[55,89924,89925,89927,89929,89931],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89926,121],{"class":120},[55,89928,103],{"class":69},[55,89930,1288],{"class":99},[55,89932,114],{"class":69},[20,89934,302],{},[46,89936,89938],{"className":48,"code":89937,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89939,89940,89945],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89941,89942],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89943,89944],{"class":61},"Hi\n",[55,89946,89947],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,89948,1313],{"class":1312},[20,89950,89951],{},"Why does this happen?",[155,89953,89954,89962,89967],{},[158,89955,89956,89959,89960],{},[15,89957,89958],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89961,89918],{},[158,89963,89964,89965],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89966,172],{},[158,89968,89969,89970,12076,89972],{},"so ",[15,89971,1288],{},[15,89973,172],{},[20,89975,89976,89977,89979],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89978,46595],{}," call.",[46,89981,89983],{"className":48,"code":89982,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89984,89985,89998],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89986,89987,89990,89992,89994,89996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89988,89989],{"class":61},"message ",[55,89991,66],{"class":65},[55,89993,258],{"class":247},[55,89995,89918],{"class":251},[55,89997,3522],{"class":247},[55,89999,90000,90002,90004,90007],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,90001,121],{"class":120},[55,90003,103],{"class":69},[55,90005,90006],{"class":99},"message",[55,90008,114],{"class":69},[20,90010,90011,90012,90014,90015,90019],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90013,46595],{}," with functions like ",[36,90016,90017],{"href":8380},[15,90018,3121],{},", which do return a value.",[142,90021,90023,90024],{"id":90022},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90025,46595],{},[20,90027,90028,90029,90031],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90030,46595],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[155,90033,90034,90037,90040,90043],{},[158,90035,90036],{},"to display results to the user",[158,90038,90039],{},"to show messages in a script",[158,90041,90042],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[158,90044,90045],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90047,230],{},[46,90049,90051],{"className":48,"code":90050,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90052,90053,90061,90065,90085,90096],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90054,90055,90057,90059],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90056,41324],{"class":61},[55,90058,66],{"class":65},[55,90060,38653],{"class":73},[55,90062,90063],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,90064,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,90066,90067,90069,90071,90073,90075,90077,90079,90081,90083],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,90068,6115],{"class":4040},[55,90070,6545],{"class":61},[55,90072,4047],{"class":4040},[55,90074,54205],{"class":120},[55,90076,103],{"class":69},[55,90078,74],{"class":73},[55,90080,77],{"class":69},[55,90082,85],{"class":73},[55,90084,8502],{"class":69},[55,90086,90087,90090,90093],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,90088,90089],{"class":61},"    total ",[55,90091,90092],{"class":65},"+=",[55,90094,90095],{"class":61}," number\n",[55,90097,90098,90100,90102,90104,90107,90109,90111,90113,90115,90117,90119,90121,90123,90125],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,90099,8230],{"class":120},[55,90101,103],{"class":69},[55,90103,248],{"class":247},[55,90105,90106],{"class":251},"Current number:",[55,90108,248],{"class":247},[55,90110,77],{"class":69},[55,90112,2360],{"class":99},[55,90114,77],{"class":69},[55,90116,258],{"class":247},[55,90118,45706],{"class":251},[55,90120,248],{"class":247},[55,90122,77],{"class":69},[55,90124,45713],{"class":99},[55,90126,114],{"class":69},[20,90128,302],{},[46,90130,90132],{"className":48,"code":90131,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90133,90134,90150,90164],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90135,90136,90139,90141,90143,90146,90148],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90137,90138],{"class":61},"Current number",[55,90140,153],{"class":69},[55,90142,630],{"class":73},[55,90144,90145],{"class":61}," Total",[55,90147,153],{"class":69},[55,90149,29759],{"class":73},[55,90151,90152,90154,90156,90158,90160,90162],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,90153,90138],{"class":61},[55,90155,153],{"class":69},[55,90157,80],{"class":73},[55,90159,90145],{"class":61},[55,90161,153],{"class":69},[55,90163,2738],{"class":73},[55,90165,90166,90168,90170,90172,90174,90176],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,90167,90138],{"class":61},[55,90169,153],{"class":69},[55,90171,111],{"class":73},[55,90173,90145],{"class":61},[55,90175,153],{"class":69},[55,90177,90178],{"class":73}," 6\n",[20,90180,90181,90182,44],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[36,90183,90185],{"href":90184},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[142,90187,2992],{"id":2991},[20,90189,90190,90191,44],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90192,46595],{},[577,90194,90196],{"id":90195},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90198,90199],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[46,90201,90203],{"className":48,"code":90202,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90204,90205],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90206,90207,90209,90211,90213],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90208,121],{"class":120},[55,90210,103],{"class":69},[55,90212,35009],{"class":99},[55,90214,114],{"class":69},[20,90216,1833,90217,90219],{},[15,90218,35009],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90221,10967],{},[46,90223,90225],{"className":48,"code":90224,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90226,90227],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90228,90229,90231,90233,90235,90237,90239],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90230,121],{"class":120},[55,90232,103],{"class":69},[55,90234,248],{"class":247},[55,90236,35009],{"class":251},[55,90238,248],{"class":247},[55,90240,114],{"class":69},[577,90242,8578,90244,90246],{"id":90243},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90245,121],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90248,90249],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[46,90251,90253],{"className":48,"code":90252,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90254,90255],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90256,90257,90259,90261,90263],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90258,121],{"class":120},[55,90260,258],{"class":247},[55,90262,35009],{"class":251},[55,90264,3522],{"class":247},[20,90266,10967],{},[46,90268,90269],{"className":48,"code":90224,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,90270,90271],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90272,90273,90275,90277,90279,90281,90283],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90274,121],{"class":120},[55,90276,103],{"class":69},[55,90278,248],{"class":247},[55,90280,35009],{"class":251},[55,90282,248],{"class":247},[55,90284,114],{"class":69},[577,90286,90288,90289],{"id":90287},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90290,2220],{},[20,90292,90293,90294,44],{},"This causes a ",[15,90295,3168],{},[46,90297,90298],{"className":48,"code":89386,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,90299,90300,90308],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90301,90302,90304,90306],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90303,21775],{"class":61},[55,90305,66],{"class":65},[55,90307,2748],{"class":73},[55,90309,90310,90312,90314,90316,90318,90320,90322,90324],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,90311,121],{"class":120},[55,90313,103],{"class":69},[55,90315,248],{"class":247},[55,90317,89407],{"class":251},[55,90319,248],{"class":247},[55,90321,2615],{"class":65},[55,90323,9350],{"class":99},[55,90325,114],{"class":69},[20,90327,90328],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[46,90330,90332],{"className":48,"code":90331,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90333,90334],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90335,90336,90338,90340,90342,90344,90346,90348,90350],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90337,121],{"class":120},[55,90339,103],{"class":69},[55,90341,248],{"class":247},[55,90343,89308],{"class":251},[55,90345,248],{"class":247},[55,90347,77],{"class":69},[55,90349,9350],{"class":99},[55,90351,114],{"class":69},[20,90353,90354],{},"Or convert the number first:",[46,90356,90358],{"className":48,"code":90357,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90359,90360],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90361,90362,90364,90366,90368,90370,90372,90374,90376,90378,90380],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90363,121],{"class":120},[55,90365,103],{"class":69},[55,90367,248],{"class":247},[55,90369,89407],{"class":251},[55,90371,248],{"class":247},[55,90373,2615],{"class":65},[55,90375,49048],{"class":1898},[55,90377,103],{"class":69},[55,90379,9461],{"class":99},[55,90381,1867],{"class":69},[20,90383,90384,90385,44],{},"If you see this error, read ",[36,90386,90388],{"href":90387},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[577,90390,1553,90392,90394],{"id":90391},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90393,46595],{}," to return a value",[20,90396,90397,90398,571,90401,153],{},"This does not store ",[15,90399,90400],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90402,1288],{},[46,90404,90406],{"className":48,"code":90405,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90407,90408],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90409,90410,90412,90414,90416,90418,90420,90422,90424],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90411,1255],{"class":61},[55,90413,66],{"class":65},[55,90415,89911],{"class":120},[55,90417,103],{"class":69},[55,90419,248],{"class":247},[55,90421,35009],{"class":251},[55,90423,248],{"class":247},[55,90425,114],{"class":69},[20,90427,90428,90429,44],{},"It stores ",[15,90430,172],{},[577,90432,90434,90435,352,90437],{"id":90433},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90436,89448],{},[15,90438,52804],{},[20,90440,85794],{},[155,90442,90443,90452],{},[158,90444,90445,90447,90448,90451],{},[15,90446,89448],{}," changes what goes ",[1966,90449,90450],{},"between"," multiple values",[158,90453,90454,90456,90457,90460],{},[15,90455,52804],{}," changes what appears ",[1966,90458,90459],{},"after"," the output",[142,90462,90464],{"id":90463},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90466,90467,90468,90470],{},"These simple ",[15,90469,46595],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[46,90472,90474],{"className":48,"code":90473,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90475,90476,90496,90511],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90477,90478,90480,90482,90484,90487,90489,90491,90494],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90479,121],{"class":120},[55,90481,103],{"class":69},[55,90483,248],{"class":247},[55,90485,90486],{"class":251},"Debug:",[55,90488,248],{"class":247},[55,90490,77],{"class":69},[55,90492,90493],{"class":99}," variable_name",[55,90495,114],{"class":69},[55,90497,90498,90500,90502,90504,90506,90509],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,90499,121],{"class":120},[55,90501,103],{"class":69},[55,90503,1910],{"class":1898},[55,90505,103],{"class":69},[55,90507,90508],{"class":99},"variable_name",[55,90510,1867],{"class":69},[55,90512,90513,90515,90517,90519],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,90514,1893],{"class":120},[55,90516,103],{"class":69},[55,90518,121],{"class":120},[55,90520,114],{"class":69},[20,90522,90523],{},"What they do:",[155,90525,90526,90532,90538],{},[158,90527,90528,90531],{},[15,90529,90530],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[158,90533,90534,90537],{},[15,90535,90536],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[158,90539,90540,90543,90544],{},[15,90541,90542],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90545,46595],{},[142,90547,1986],{"id":1985},[577,90549,1990,90551,90553],{"id":90550},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90552,46595],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90555,90556,90557,90559,90560,36760],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90558,46595],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90561,52804],{},[577,90563,2009,90565,90567],{"id":90564},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90566,46595],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90569,90570,90571,90573],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90572,46595],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[577,90575,5319,90577,5322,90580,2027],{"id":90576},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90578,90579],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90581,172],{},[20,90583,29206,90584,90586],{},[15,90585,46595],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[577,90588,90590],{"id":90589},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90592,90593],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[46,90595,90597],{"className":48,"code":90596,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90598,90599],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90600,90601,90603,90605,90607,90609,90611,90613,90615],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90602,121],{"class":120},[55,90604,103],{"class":69},[55,90606,248],{"class":247},[55,90608,89308],{"class":251},[55,90610,248],{"class":247},[55,90612,77],{"class":69},[55,90614,6162],{"class":73},[55,90616,114],{"class":69},[20,90618,90619,90620,40070],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90621,47827],{},[577,90623,2022,90625,352,90627,2027],{"id":90624},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90626,89448],{},[15,90628,52804],{},[155,90630,90631,90636],{},[158,90632,90633,90635],{},[15,90634,89448],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[158,90637,90638,90640],{},[15,90639,52804],{}," changes what appears after the output",[142,90642,2039],{"id":2038},[155,90644,90645,90649,90655,90661,90666,90671],{},[158,90646,90647],{},[36,90648,51121],{"href":51120},[158,90650,90651],{},[36,90652,3740,90653,3673],{"href":8380},[15,90654,3121],{},[158,90656,90657],{},[36,90658,3740,90659,3673],{"href":42317},[15,90660,47827],{},[158,90662,90663],{},[36,90664,90665],{"href":89674},"How to format strings in Python",[158,90667,90668],{},[36,90669,90670],{"href":90184},"How to debug Python code",[158,90672,90673],{},[36,90674,90388],{"href":90387},[2080,90676,90677],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":90679},[90680,90681,90683,90684,90690,90691,90692,90697,90703,90705,90707,90718,90719,90730],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":88852,"depth":91,"text":90682},"What print() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":89088,"depth":91,"text":89089,"children":90685},[90686,90687,90688,90689],{"id":89097,"depth":117,"text":89098},{"id":89138,"depth":117,"text":89139},{"id":89170,"depth":117,"text":89171},{"id":89197,"depth":117,"text":89198},{"id":89239,"depth":91,"text":89240},{"id":89435,"depth":91,"text":89436},{"id":89475,"depth":91,"text":90693,"children":90694},"sep argument",[90695,90696],{"id":89488,"depth":117,"text":89489},{"id":89538,"depth":117,"text":89539},{"id":89678,"depth":91,"text":90698,"children":90699},"end argument",[90700,90701,90702],{"id":89692,"depth":117,"text":89489},{"id":89745,"depth":117,"text":89746},{"id":89801,"depth":117,"text":89802},{"id":89885,"depth":91,"text":90704},"print() returns None",{"id":90022,"depth":91,"text":90706},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":90708},[90709,90710,90712,90714,90716],{"id":90195,"depth":117,"text":90196},{"id":90243,"depth":117,"text":90711},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90287,"depth":117,"text":90713},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90391,"depth":117,"text":90715},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90433,"depth":117,"text":90717},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90463,"depth":91,"text":90464},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":90720},[90721,90723,90725,90727,90728],{"id":90550,"depth":117,"text":90722},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90564,"depth":117,"text":90724},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90576,"depth":117,"text":90726},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90589,"depth":117,"text":90590},{"id":90624,"depth":117,"text":90729},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88735,"description":90731},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90738,"title":90739,"body":90740,"description":93044,"extension":2124,"meta":93045,"navigation":428,"path":93046,"seo":93047,"stem":93048,"__hash__":93049},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90741,"toc":92990},[90742,90747,90752,90765,90767,90832,90843,90848,90853,90855,90878,90881,90912,90914,90931,90936,90942,90947,90996,90999,91016,91022,91027,91050,91052,91080,91086,91094,91121,91123,91148,91154,91157,91188,91190,91219,91223,91226,91231,91253,91255,91283,91289,91295,91321,91323,91347,91353,91359,91389,91391,91419,91429,91433,91439,91472,91474,91503,91506,91509,91542,91544,91552,91558,91560,91583,91588,91597,91602,91616,91618,91658,91660,91690,91694,91729,91735,91739,91783,91785,91815,91821,91824,91903,91905,91927,91935,91938,92001,92009,92084,92090,92097,92102,92107,92130,92132,92153,92155,92168,92170,92217,92219,92258,92267,92269,92273,92277,92280,92307,92310,92339,92342,92366,92369,92377,92383,92405,92407,92435,92439,92444,92499,92504,92506,92563,92570,92579,92582,92614,92616,92624,92627,92633,92635,92658,92661,92667,92670,92689,92691,92710,92713,92735,92737,92765,92769,92773,92878,92880,92893,92895,92901,92904,92912,92917,92923,92929,92934,92942,92948,92955,92957,92987],[10,90743,3740,90745,3744],{"id":90744},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90746,36337],{},[20,90748,32461,90749,90751],{},[15,90750,36337],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90753,90754,90755,90757,90758,90760,90761,90764],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90756,6115],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90759,36337],{}," stops ",[1966,90762,90763],{},"before"," the end value.",[142,90766,2165],{"id":2164},[46,90768,90770],{"className":48,"code":90769,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90771,90772,90788,90798,90802,90807,90812,90817,90822,90827],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90773,90774,90776,90778,90780,90782,90784,90786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90775,6115],{"class":4040},[55,90777,69530],{"class":61},[55,90779,4047],{"class":4040},[55,90781,54205],{"class":120},[55,90783,103],{"class":69},[55,90785,2297],{"class":73},[55,90787,8502],{"class":69},[55,90789,90790,90792,90794,90796],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,90791,8230],{"class":120},[55,90793,103],{"class":69},[55,90795,36293],{"class":99},[55,90797,114],{"class":69},[55,90799,90800],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,90801,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,90803,90804],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,90805,90806],{"class":133},"# Output:\n",[55,90808,90809],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,90810,90811],{"class":133},"# 0\n",[55,90813,90814],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,90815,90816],{"class":133},"# 1\n",[55,90818,90819],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,90820,90821],{"class":133},"# 2\n",[55,90823,90824],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,90825,90826],{"class":133},"# 3\n",[55,90828,90829],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,90830,90831],{"class":133},"# 4\n",[20,90833,90834,90837,90838,90840,90841,44],{},[15,90835,90836],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90839,227],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90842,2297],{},[142,90844,145,90846,148],{"id":90845},"what-range-does",[15,90847,36337],{},[20,90849,90850,90852],{},[15,90851,36337],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90854,13208],{},[155,90856,90857,90862,90868,90873],{},[158,90858,90859,90861],{},[15,90860,36337],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[158,90863,90864,90865,90867],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90866,6115],{}," loops",[158,90869,90870,90871],{},"The stop value is ",[1966,90872,65194],{},[158,90874,17572,90875,90877],{},[15,90876,60122],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90879,90880],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[46,90882,90884],{"className":48,"code":90883,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90885,90886,90902],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90887,90888,90890,90892,90894,90896,90898,90900],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90889,6115],{"class":4040},[55,90891,6545],{"class":61},[55,90893,4047],{"class":4040},[55,90895,54205],{"class":120},[55,90897,103],{"class":69},[55,90899,2223],{"class":73},[55,90901,8502],{"class":69},[55,90903,90904,90906,90908,90910],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,90905,8230],{"class":120},[55,90907,103],{"class":69},[55,90909,2402],{"class":99},[55,90911,114],{"class":69},[20,90913,302],{},[46,90915,90917],{"className":48,"code":90916,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90918,90919,90923,90927],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90920,90921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90922,47395],{"class":73},[55,90924,90925],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,90926,47060],{"class":73},[55,90928,90929],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,90930,17206],{"class":73},[20,90932,90933,90934,44],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[36,90935,36169],{"href":36168},[142,90937,90939,90941],{"id":90938},"range-syntax",[15,90940,36337],{}," syntax",[20,90943,90944,90946],{},[15,90945,36337],{}," has three common forms:",[46,90948,90950],{"className":48,"code":90949,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90951,90952,90962,90977],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90953,90954,90956,90958,90960],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90955,60122],{"class":120},[55,90957,103],{"class":69},[55,90959,75408],{"class":99},[55,90961,114],{"class":69},[55,90963,90964,90966,90968,90970,90972,90975],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,90965,60122],{"class":120},[55,90967,103],{"class":69},[55,90969,36213],{"class":99},[55,90971,77],{"class":69},[55,90973,90974],{"class":99}," stop",[55,90976,114],{"class":69},[55,90978,90979,90981,90983,90985,90987,90989,90991,90994],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,90980,60122],{"class":120},[55,90982,103],{"class":69},[55,90984,36213],{"class":99},[55,90986,77],{"class":69},[55,90988,90974],{"class":99},[55,90990,77],{"class":69},[55,90992,90993],{"class":99}," step",[55,90995,114],{"class":69},[20,90997,90998],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[155,91000,91001,91006,91011],{},[158,91002,91003,91005],{},[15,91004,36213],{}," = first number",[158,91007,91008,91010],{},[15,91009,75408],{}," = end limit, not included",[158,91012,91013,91015],{},[15,91014,75411],{}," = amount to move each time",[577,91017,91019],{"id":91018},"rangestop",[15,91020,91021],{},"range(stop)",[20,91023,91024,91025,44],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91026,227],{},[46,91028,91030],{"className":48,"code":91029,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91031,91032],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91033,91034,91036,91038,91040,91042,91044,91046,91048],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91035,121],{"class":120},[55,91037,103],{"class":69},[55,91039,1899],{"class":1898},[55,91041,103],{"class":69},[55,91043,60122],{"class":120},[55,91045,103],{"class":69},[55,91047,2297],{"class":73},[55,91049,3075],{"class":69},[20,91051,302],{},[46,91053,91054],{"className":48,"code":60145,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,91055,91056],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91057,91058,91060,91062,91064,91066,91068,91070,91072,91074,91076,91078],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91059,312],{"class":69},[55,91061,227],{"class":73},[55,91063,77],{"class":69},[55,91065,630],{"class":73},[55,91067,77],{"class":69},[55,91069,80],{"class":73},[55,91071,77],{"class":69},[55,91073,111],{"class":73},[55,91075,77],{"class":69},[55,91077,85],{"class":73},[55,91079,88],{"class":69},[577,91081,91083],{"id":91082},"rangestart-stop",[15,91084,91085],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91087,91088,91089,91091,91092,44],{},"This starts at ",[15,91090,36213],{}," and stops before ",[15,91093,75408],{},[46,91095,91097],{"className":48,"code":91096,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91098,91099],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91100,91101,91103,91105,91107,91109,91111,91113,91115,91117,91119],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91102,121],{"class":120},[55,91104,103],{"class":69},[55,91106,1899],{"class":1898},[55,91108,103],{"class":69},[55,91110,60122],{"class":120},[55,91112,103],{"class":69},[55,91114,106],{"class":73},[55,91116,77],{"class":69},[55,91118,37783],{"class":73},[55,91120,3075],{"class":69},[20,91122,302],{},[46,91124,91126],{"className":48,"code":91125,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91127,91128],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91129,91130,91132,91134,91136,91138,91140,91142,91144,91146],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91131,312],{"class":69},[55,91133,106],{"class":73},[55,91135,77],{"class":69},[55,91137,111],{"class":73},[55,91139,77],{"class":69},[55,91141,85],{"class":73},[55,91143,77],{"class":69},[55,91145,4766],{"class":73},[55,91147,88],{"class":69},[577,91149,91151],{"id":91150},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91152,91153],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91155,91156],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[46,91158,91160],{"className":48,"code":91159,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91161,91162],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91163,91164,91166,91168,91170,91172,91174,91176,91178,91180,91182,91184,91186],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91165,121],{"class":120},[55,91167,103],{"class":69},[55,91169,1899],{"class":1898},[55,91171,103],{"class":69},[55,91173,60122],{"class":120},[55,91175,103],{"class":69},[55,91177,74],{"class":73},[55,91179,77],{"class":69},[55,91181,6162],{"class":73},[55,91183,77],{"class":69},[55,91185,80],{"class":73},[55,91187,3075],{"class":69},[20,91189,302],{},[46,91191,91193],{"className":48,"code":91192,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91194,91195],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91196,91197,91199,91201,91203,91205,91207,91209,91211,91213,91215,91217],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91198,312],{"class":69},[55,91200,74],{"class":73},[55,91202,77],{"class":69},[55,91204,111],{"class":73},[55,91206,77],{"class":69},[55,91208,4766],{"class":73},[55,91210,77],{"class":69},[55,91212,6151],{"class":73},[55,91214,77],{"class":69},[55,91216,54271],{"class":73},[55,91218,88],{"class":69},[142,91220,91222],{"id":91221},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91224,91225],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[577,91227,91229],{"id":91228},"range5",[15,91230,90836],{},[46,91232,91233],{"className":48,"code":91029,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,91234,91235],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91236,91237,91239,91241,91243,91245,91247,91249,91251],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91238,121],{"class":120},[55,91240,103],{"class":69},[55,91242,1899],{"class":1898},[55,91244,103],{"class":69},[55,91246,60122],{"class":120},[55,91248,103],{"class":69},[55,91250,2297],{"class":73},[55,91252,3075],{"class":69},[20,91254,302],{},[46,91256,91257],{"className":48,"code":60145,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,91258,91259],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91260,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277,91279,91281],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91262,312],{"class":69},[55,91264,227],{"class":73},[55,91266,77],{"class":69},[55,91268,630],{"class":73},[55,91270,77],{"class":69},[55,91272,80],{"class":73},[55,91274,77],{"class":69},[55,91276,111],{"class":73},[55,91278,77],{"class":69},[55,91280,85],{"class":73},[55,91282,88],{"class":69},[20,91284,91088,91285,91091,91287,44],{},[15,91286,227],{},[15,91288,2297],{},[577,91290,91292],{"id":91291},"range2-6",[15,91293,91294],{},"range(2, 6)",[46,91296,91297],{"className":48,"code":91096,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,91298,91299],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91300,91301,91303,91305,91307,91309,91311,91313,91315,91317,91319],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91302,121],{"class":120},[55,91304,103],{"class":69},[55,91306,1899],{"class":1898},[55,91308,103],{"class":69},[55,91310,60122],{"class":120},[55,91312,103],{"class":69},[55,91314,106],{"class":73},[55,91316,77],{"class":69},[55,91318,37783],{"class":73},[55,91320,3075],{"class":69},[20,91322,302],{},[46,91324,91325],{"className":48,"code":91125,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,91326,91327],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91328,91329,91331,91333,91335,91337,91339,91341,91343,91345],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91330,312],{"class":69},[55,91332,106],{"class":73},[55,91334,77],{"class":69},[55,91336,111],{"class":73},[55,91338,77],{"class":69},[55,91340,85],{"class":73},[55,91342,77],{"class":69},[55,91344,4766],{"class":73},[55,91346,88],{"class":69},[20,91348,91088,91349,91091,91351,44],{},[15,91350,106],{},[15,91352,80576],{},[577,91354,91356],{"id":91355},"range1-10-2",[15,91357,91358],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[46,91360,91361],{"className":48,"code":91159,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,91362,91363],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91364,91365,91367,91369,91371,91373,91375,91377,91379,91381,91383,91385,91387],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91366,121],{"class":120},[55,91368,103],{"class":69},[55,91370,1899],{"class":1898},[55,91372,103],{"class":69},[55,91374,60122],{"class":120},[55,91376,103],{"class":69},[55,91378,74],{"class":73},[55,91380,77],{"class":69},[55,91382,6162],{"class":73},[55,91384,77],{"class":69},[55,91386,80],{"class":73},[55,91388,3075],{"class":69},[20,91390,302],{},[46,91392,91393],{"className":48,"code":91192,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,91394,91395],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91396,91397,91399,91401,91403,91405,91407,91409,91411,91413,91415,91417],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91398,312],{"class":69},[55,91400,74],{"class":73},[55,91402,77],{"class":69},[55,91404,111],{"class":73},[55,91406,77],{"class":69},[55,91408,4766],{"class":73},[55,91410,77],{"class":69},[55,91412,6151],{"class":73},[55,91414,77],{"class":69},[55,91416,54271],{"class":73},[55,91418,88],{"class":69},[20,91420,91421,91422,91424,91425,61425,91427,44],{},"This moves by ",[15,91423,106],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91426,74],{},[15,91428,2305],{},[577,91430,91432],{"id":91431},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91434,91435,91436,91438],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91437,36337],{}," count backward.",[46,91440,91442],{"className":48,"code":91441,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91443,91444],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91445,91446,91448,91450,91452,91454,91456,91458,91460,91462,91464,91466,91468,91470],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91447,121],{"class":120},[55,91449,103],{"class":69},[55,91451,1899],{"class":1898},[55,91453,103],{"class":69},[55,91455,60122],{"class":120},[55,91457,103],{"class":69},[55,91459,2297],{"class":73},[55,91461,77],{"class":69},[55,91463,3997],{"class":73},[55,91465,77],{"class":69},[55,91467,2385],{"class":65},[55,91469,74],{"class":73},[55,91471,3075],{"class":69},[20,91473,302],{},[46,91475,91477],{"className":48,"code":91476,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91478,91479],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91480,91481,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495,91497,91499,91501],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91482,312],{"class":69},[55,91484,2297],{"class":73},[55,91486,77],{"class":69},[55,91488,85],{"class":73},[55,91490,77],{"class":69},[55,91492,111],{"class":73},[55,91494,77],{"class":69},[55,91496,80],{"class":73},[55,91498,77],{"class":69},[55,91500,630],{"class":73},[55,91502,88],{"class":69},[20,91504,91505],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91507,91508],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[46,91510,91512],{"className":48,"code":91511,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91513,91514],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91515,91516,91518,91520,91522,91524,91526,91528,91530,91532,91534,91536,91538,91540],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91517,121],{"class":120},[55,91519,103],{"class":69},[55,91521,1899],{"class":1898},[55,91523,103],{"class":69},[55,91525,60122],{"class":120},[55,91527,103],{"class":69},[55,91529,74],{"class":73},[55,91531,77],{"class":69},[55,91533,4766],{"class":73},[55,91535,77],{"class":69},[55,91537,2385],{"class":65},[55,91539,74],{"class":73},[55,91541,3075],{"class":69},[20,91543,302],{},[46,91545,91546],{"className":48,"code":38437,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,91547,91548],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91549,91550],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91551,38437],{"class":69},[577,91553,91554,76571,91556],{"id":76795},[15,91555,75411],{},[15,91557,227],{},[20,91559,2999],{},[46,91561,91563],{"className":48,"code":91562,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91564,91565],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91566,91567,91569,91571,91573,91575,91577,91579,91581],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91568,60122],{"class":120},[55,91570,103],{"class":69},[55,91572,74],{"class":73},[55,91574,77],{"class":69},[55,91576,4766],{"class":73},[55,91578,77],{"class":69},[55,91580,3997],{"class":73},[55,91582,114],{"class":69},[20,91584,76840,91585,91587],{},[15,91586,40845],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[142,91589,8578,91591,91593,91594,91596],{"id":91590},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91592,36337],{}," in a ",[15,91595,6115],{}," loop",[20,91598,91599,91601],{},[15,91600,36337],{}," is most useful when:",[155,91603,91604,91607,91610],{},[158,91605,91606],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[158,91608,91609],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[158,91611,91612,91613],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91614,91615],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91617,230],{},[46,91619,91621],{"className":48,"code":91620,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91622,91623,91639],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91624,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91626,6115],{"class":4040},[55,91628,69530],{"class":61},[55,91630,4047],{"class":4040},[55,91632,54205],{"class":120},[55,91634,103],{"class":69},[55,91636,2223],{"class":73},[55,91638,8502],{"class":69},[55,91640,91641,91643,91645,91647,91650,91652,91654,91656],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,91642,8230],{"class":120},[55,91644,103],{"class":69},[55,91646,248],{"class":247},[55,91648,91649],{"class":251},"Loop number:",[55,91651,248],{"class":247},[55,91653,77],{"class":69},[55,91655,36269],{"class":99},[55,91657,114],{"class":69},[20,91659,302],{},[46,91661,91663],{"className":48,"code":91662,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91664,91665,91674,91682],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91666,91667,91670,91672],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91668,91669],{"class":61},"Loop number",[55,91671,153],{"class":69},[55,91673,38653],{"class":73},[55,91675,91676,91678,91680],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,91677,91669],{"class":61},[55,91679,153],{"class":69},[55,91681,29759],{"class":73},[55,91683,91684,91686,91688],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,91685,91669],{"class":61},[55,91687,153],{"class":69},[55,91689,45732],{"class":73},[577,91691,91693],{"id":91692},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[46,91695,91697],{"className":48,"code":91696,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91698,91699,91715],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91700,91701,91703,91705,91707,91709,91711,91713],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91702,6115],{"class":4040},[55,91704,69530],{"class":61},[55,91706,4047],{"class":4040},[55,91708,54205],{"class":120},[55,91710,103],{"class":69},[55,91712,2297],{"class":73},[55,91714,8502],{"class":69},[55,91716,91717,91719,91721,91723,91725,91727],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,91718,8230],{"class":120},[55,91720,103],{"class":69},[55,91722,248],{"class":247},[55,91724,35009],{"class":251},[55,91726,248],{"class":247},[55,91728,114],{"class":69},[20,91730,91731,91732,91734],{},"This prints ",[15,91733,90400],{}," five times.",[577,91736,91738],{"id":91737},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[46,91740,91742],{"className":48,"code":91741,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91743,91744,91764],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91745,91746,91748,91750,91752,91754,91756,91758,91760,91762],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91747,6115],{"class":4040},[55,91749,69530],{"class":61},[55,91751,4047],{"class":4040},[55,91753,54205],{"class":120},[55,91755,103],{"class":69},[55,91757,74],{"class":73},[55,91759,77],{"class":69},[55,91761,85],{"class":73},[55,91763,8502],{"class":69},[55,91765,91766,91768,91770,91772,91775,91777,91779,91781],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,91767,8230],{"class":120},[55,91769,103],{"class":69},[55,91771,248],{"class":247},[55,91773,91774],{"class":251},"Current number is",[55,91776,248],{"class":247},[55,91778,77],{"class":69},[55,91780,36269],{"class":99},[55,91782,114],{"class":69},[20,91784,302],{},[46,91786,91788],{"className":48,"code":91787,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91789,91790,91799,91807],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91791,91792,91795,91797],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91793,91794],{"class":61},"Current number ",[55,91796,12350],{"class":65},[55,91798,29759],{"class":73},[55,91800,91801,91803,91805],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,91802,91794],{"class":61},[55,91804,12350],{"class":65},[55,91806,45732],{"class":73},[55,91808,91809,91811,91813],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,91810,91794],{"class":61},[55,91812,12350],{"class":65},[55,91814,2738],{"class":73},[577,91816,91818,91820],{"id":91817},"range-and-indexing",[15,91819,36337],{}," and indexing",[20,91822,91823],{},"You may see code like this:",[46,91825,91827],{"className":48,"code":91826,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91828,91829,91861,91865,91885],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91830,91831,91833,91835,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845,91847,91849,91851,91853,91855,91857,91859],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91832,1026],{"class":61},[55,91834,66],{"class":65},[55,91836,70],{"class":69},[55,91838,248],{"class":247},[55,91840,36],{"class":251},[55,91842,248],{"class":247},[55,91844,77],{"class":69},[55,91846,258],{"class":247},[55,91848,285],{"class":251},[55,91850,248],{"class":247},[55,91852,77],{"class":69},[55,91854,258],{"class":247},[55,91856,261],{"class":251},[55,91858,248],{"class":247},[55,91860,88],{"class":69},[55,91862,91863],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,91864,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,91866,91867,91869,91871,91873,91875,91877,91879,91881,91883],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,91868,6115],{"class":4040},[55,91870,69530],{"class":61},[55,91872,4047],{"class":4040},[55,91874,54205],{"class":120},[55,91876,103],{"class":69},[55,91878,1860],{"class":120},[55,91880,103],{"class":69},[55,91882,1057],{"class":99},[55,91884,69545],{"class":69},[55,91886,91887,91889,91891,91893,91895,91897,91899,91901],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,91888,8230],{"class":120},[55,91890,103],{"class":69},[55,91892,36293],{"class":99},[55,91894,77],{"class":69},[55,91896,6123],{"class":99},[55,91898,312],{"class":69},[55,91900,36293],{"class":99},[55,91902,1777],{"class":69},[20,91904,302],{},[46,91906,91907],{"className":48,"code":36305,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,91908,91909,91915,91921],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91910,91911,91913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91912,227],{"class":73},[55,91914,36314],{"class":61},[55,91916,91917,91919],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,91918,74],{"class":73},[55,91920,36321],{"class":61},[55,91922,91923,91925],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,91924,106],{"class":73},[55,91926,36328],{"class":61},[20,91928,91929,91930,91934],{},"This works, and it uses ",[36,91931,91932],{"href":42500},[15,91933,42503],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91936,91937],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[46,91939,91941],{"className":48,"code":91940,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91942,91943,91975,91979,91991],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91944,91945,91947,91949,91951,91953,91955,91957,91959,91961,91963,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91946,1026],{"class":61},[55,91948,66],{"class":65},[55,91950,70],{"class":69},[55,91952,248],{"class":247},[55,91954,36],{"class":251},[55,91956,248],{"class":247},[55,91958,77],{"class":69},[55,91960,258],{"class":247},[55,91962,285],{"class":251},[55,91964,248],{"class":247},[55,91966,77],{"class":69},[55,91968,258],{"class":247},[55,91970,261],{"class":251},[55,91972,248],{"class":247},[55,91974,88],{"class":69},[55,91976,91977],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,91978,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,91980,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,91982,6115],{"class":4040},[55,91984,6118],{"class":61},[55,91986,4047],{"class":4040},[55,91988,6123],{"class":61},[55,91990,6552],{"class":69},[55,91992,91993,91995,91997,91999],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,91994,8230],{"class":120},[55,91996,103],{"class":69},[55,91998,220],{"class":99},[55,92000,114],{"class":69},[20,92002,36731,92003,92008],{},[36,92004,92006],{"href":92005},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92007,35891],{}," is usually a better choice:",[46,92010,92012],{"className":48,"code":92011,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92013,92014,92046,92050,92070],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92015,92016,92018,92020,92022,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034,92036,92038,92040,92042,92044],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92017,1026],{"class":61},[55,92019,66],{"class":65},[55,92021,70],{"class":69},[55,92023,248],{"class":247},[55,92025,36],{"class":251},[55,92027,248],{"class":247},[55,92029,77],{"class":69},[55,92031,258],{"class":247},[55,92033,285],{"class":251},[55,92035,248],{"class":247},[55,92037,77],{"class":69},[55,92039,258],{"class":247},[55,92041,261],{"class":251},[55,92043,248],{"class":247},[55,92045,88],{"class":69},[55,92047,92048],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,92049,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,92051,92052,92054,92056,92058,92060,92062,92064,92066,92068],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,92053,6115],{"class":4040},[55,92055,1451],{"class":61},[55,92057,77],{"class":69},[55,92059,6118],{"class":61},[55,92061,4047],{"class":4040},[55,92063,35972],{"class":120},[55,92065,103],{"class":69},[55,92067,1057],{"class":99},[55,92069,8502],{"class":69},[55,92071,92072,92074,92076,92078,92080,92082],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,92073,8230],{"class":120},[55,92075,103],{"class":69},[55,92077,201],{"class":99},[55,92079,77],{"class":69},[55,92081,206],{"class":99},[55,92083,114],{"class":69},[20,92085,79100,92086,44],{},[36,92087,36744,92088,36747],{"href":36743},[15,92089,35891],{},[142,92091,92093,92094,92096],{"id":92092},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92095,36337],{}," to a list",[20,92098,92099,92101],{},[15,92100,36337],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92103,92104,92105,153],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92106,24925],{},[46,92108,92110],{"className":48,"code":92109,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92111,92112],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92113,92114,92116,92118,92120,92122,92124,92126,92128],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92115,121],{"class":120},[55,92117,103],{"class":69},[55,92119,1899],{"class":1898},[55,92121,103],{"class":69},[55,92123,60122],{"class":120},[55,92125,103],{"class":69},[55,92127,2223],{"class":73},[55,92129,3075],{"class":69},[20,92131,302],{},[46,92133,92135],{"className":48,"code":92134,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92136,92137],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92138,92139,92141,92143,92145,92147,92149,92151],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92140,312],{"class":69},[55,92142,227],{"class":73},[55,92144,77],{"class":69},[55,92146,630],{"class":73},[55,92148,77],{"class":69},[55,92150,80],{"class":73},[55,92152,88],{"class":69},[20,92154,33455],{},[155,92156,92157,92162,92165],{},[158,92158,92159,92160,42227],{},"learning how ",[15,92161,36337],{},[158,92163,92164],{},"checking your values",[158,92166,92167],{},"debugging code",[20,92169,5631],{},[46,92171,92173],{"className":48,"code":92172,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92174,92175,92189,92193,92203],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92176,92177,92179,92181,92183,92185,92187],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92178,62],{"class":61},[55,92180,66],{"class":65},[55,92182,54205],{"class":120},[55,92184,103],{"class":69},[55,92186,2665],{"class":73},[55,92188,114],{"class":69},[55,92190,92191],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,92192,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,92194,92195,92197,92199,92201],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,92196,121],{"class":120},[55,92198,103],{"class":69},[55,92200,94],{"class":99},[55,92202,114],{"class":69},[55,92204,92205,92207,92209,92211,92213,92215],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,92206,121],{"class":120},[55,92208,103],{"class":69},[55,92210,1899],{"class":1898},[55,92212,103],{"class":69},[55,92214,94],{"class":99},[55,92216,1867],{"class":69},[20,92218,302],{},[46,92220,92222],{"className":48,"code":92221,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92223,92224,92238],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92225,92226,92228,92230,92232,92234,92236],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92227,60122],{"class":120},[55,92229,103],{"class":69},[55,92231,227],{"class":73},[55,92233,77],{"class":69},[55,92235,85],{"class":73},[55,92237,114],{"class":69},[55,92239,92240,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250,92252,92254,92256],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,92241,312],{"class":69},[55,92243,227],{"class":73},[55,92245,77],{"class":69},[55,92247,630],{"class":73},[55,92249,77],{"class":69},[55,92251,80],{"class":73},[55,92253,77],{"class":69},[55,92255,111],{"class":73},[55,92257,88],{"class":69},[20,92259,92260,92261,982,92263,92266],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92262,60122],{},[15,92264,92265],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[142,92268,1211],{"id":1210},[20,92270,33684,92271,44],{},[15,92272,36337],{},[577,92274,92276],{"id":92275},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92278,92279],{},"Many beginners think this:",[46,92281,92283],{"className":48,"code":92282,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92284,92285],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92286,92287,92289,92291,92293,92295,92297,92299,92301,92303,92305],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92288,121],{"class":120},[55,92290,103],{"class":69},[55,92292,1899],{"class":1898},[55,92294,103],{"class":69},[55,92296,60122],{"class":120},[55,92298,103],{"class":69},[55,92300,74],{"class":73},[55,92302,77],{"class":69},[55,92304,4766],{"class":73},[55,92306,3075],{"class":69},[20,92308,92309],{},"will produce:",[46,92311,92313],{"className":48,"code":92312,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92314,92315],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92316,92317,92319,92321,92323,92325,92327,92329,92331,92333,92335,92337],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92318,312],{"class":69},[55,92320,74],{"class":73},[55,92322,77],{"class":69},[55,92324,80],{"class":73},[55,92326,77],{"class":69},[55,92328,111],{"class":73},[55,92330,77],{"class":69},[55,92332,85],{"class":73},[55,92334,77],{"class":69},[55,92336,4766],{"class":73},[55,92338,88],{"class":69},[20,92340,92341],{},"But the real output is:",[46,92343,92344],{"className":48,"code":647,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,92345,92346],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92347,92348,92350,92352,92354,92356,92358,92360,92362,92364],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92349,312],{"class":69},[55,92351,74],{"class":73},[55,92353,77],{"class":69},[55,92355,80],{"class":73},[55,92357,77],{"class":69},[55,92359,111],{"class":73},[55,92361,77],{"class":69},[55,92363,85],{"class":73},[55,92365,88],{"class":69},[20,92367,92368],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[577,92370,4740,92372,92374,92375],{"id":92371},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92373,90836],{}," starts at ",[15,92376,74],{},[20,92378,37607,92379,19110,92381,44],{},[15,92380,227],{},[15,92382,74],{},[46,92384,92385],{"className":48,"code":91029,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,92386,92387],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92388,92389,92391,92393,92395,92397,92399,92401,92403],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92390,121],{"class":120},[55,92392,103],{"class":69},[55,92394,1899],{"class":1898},[55,92396,103],{"class":69},[55,92398,60122],{"class":120},[55,92400,103],{"class":69},[55,92402,2297],{"class":73},[55,92404,3075],{"class":69},[20,92406,302],{},[46,92408,92409],{"className":48,"code":60145,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,92410,92411],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92412,92413,92415,92417,92419,92421,92423,92425,92427,92429,92431,92433],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92414,312],{"class":69},[55,92416,227],{"class":73},[55,92418,77],{"class":69},[55,92420,630],{"class":73},[55,92422,77],{"class":69},[55,92424,80],{"class":73},[55,92426,77],{"class":69},[55,92428,111],{"class":73},[55,92430,77],{"class":69},[55,92432,85],{"class":73},[55,92434,88],{"class":69},[577,92436,92438],{"id":92437},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92440,92441,92442,153],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92443,3121],{},[46,92445,92447],{"className":48,"code":92446,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92448,92449,92468,92472,92489],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92450,92451,92454,92456,92458,92460,92462,92464,92466],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92452,92453],{"class":61},"user_number ",[55,92455,66],{"class":65},[55,92457,8403],{"class":120},[55,92459,103],{"class":69},[55,92461,248],{"class":247},[55,92463,42013],{"class":251},[55,92465,248],{"class":247},[55,92467,114],{"class":69},[55,92469,92470],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,92471,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,92473,92474,92476,92478,92480,92482,92484,92487],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,92475,6115],{"class":4040},[55,92477,69530],{"class":61},[55,92479,4047],{"class":4040},[55,92481,54205],{"class":120},[55,92483,103],{"class":69},[55,92485,92486],{"class":99},"user_number",[55,92488,8502],{"class":69},[55,92490,92491,92493,92495,92497],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,92492,8230],{"class":120},[55,92494,103],{"class":69},[55,92496,36293],{"class":99},[55,92498,114],{"class":69},[20,92500,48654,92501,92503],{},[15,92502,3121],{}," returns a string.",[20,92505,10967],{},[46,92507,92509],{"className":48,"code":92508,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92510,92511,92533,92537,92553],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92512,92513,92515,92517,92519,92521,92523,92525,92527,92529,92531],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92514,92453],{"class":61},[55,92516,66],{"class":65},[55,92518,45419],{"class":1898},[55,92520,103],{"class":69},[55,92522,42605],{"class":120},[55,92524,103],{"class":69},[55,92526,248],{"class":247},[55,92528,42013],{"class":251},[55,92530,248],{"class":247},[55,92532,1867],{"class":69},[55,92534,92535],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,92536,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,92538,92539,92541,92543,92545,92547,92549,92551],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,92540,6115],{"class":4040},[55,92542,69530],{"class":61},[55,92544,4047],{"class":4040},[55,92546,54205],{"class":120},[55,92548,103],{"class":69},[55,92550,92486],{"class":99},[55,92552,8502],{"class":69},[55,92554,92555,92557,92559,92561],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,92556,8230],{"class":120},[55,92558,103],{"class":69},[55,92560,36293],{"class":99},[55,92562,114],{"class":69},[20,92564,92565,92566,44],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[36,92567,50668,92568],{"href":50667},[15,92569,50671],{},[577,92571,92573,92574,92576,92577],{"id":92572},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92575,36213],{}," smaller than ",[15,92578,75408],{},[20,92580,92581],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[46,92583,92584],{"className":48,"code":91511,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,92585,92586],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92587,92588,92590,92592,92594,92596,92598,92600,92602,92604,92606,92608,92610,92612],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92589,121],{"class":120},[55,92591,103],{"class":69},[55,92593,1899],{"class":1898},[55,92595,103],{"class":69},[55,92597,60122],{"class":120},[55,92599,103],{"class":69},[55,92601,74],{"class":73},[55,92603,77],{"class":69},[55,92605,4766],{"class":73},[55,92607,77],{"class":69},[55,92609,2385],{"class":65},[55,92611,74],{"class":73},[55,92613,3075],{"class":69},[20,92615,302],{},[46,92617,92618],{"className":48,"code":38437,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,92619,92620],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92621,92622],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92623,38437],{"class":69},[20,92625,92626],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[577,92628,25761,92630],{"id":92629},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92631,92632],{},"step = 0",[20,92634,77551],{},[46,92636,92638],{"className":48,"code":92637,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92639,92640],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92641,92642,92644,92646,92648,92650,92652,92654,92656],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92643,60122],{"class":120},[55,92645,103],{"class":69},[55,92647,74],{"class":73},[55,92649,77],{"class":69},[55,92651,6162],{"class":73},[55,92653,77],{"class":69},[55,92655,3997],{"class":73},[55,92657,114],{"class":69},[20,92659,92660],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[577,92662,4865,92664,92666],{"id":92663},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92665,36337],{}," is not a list",[20,92668,92669],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[46,92671,92673],{"className":48,"code":92672,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92674,92675],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92676,92677,92679,92681,92683,92685,92687],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92678,121],{"class":120},[55,92680,103],{"class":69},[55,92682,60122],{"class":120},[55,92684,103],{"class":69},[55,92686,2297],{"class":73},[55,92688,1867],{"class":69},[20,92690,302],{},[46,92692,92694],{"className":48,"code":92693,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92695,92696],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92697,92698,92700,92702,92704,92706,92708],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92699,60122],{"class":120},[55,92701,103],{"class":69},[55,92703,227],{"class":73},[55,92705,77],{"class":69},[55,92707,4766],{"class":73},[55,92709,114],{"class":69},[20,92711,92712],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[46,92714,92715],{"className":48,"code":91029,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,92716,92717],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92718,92719,92721,92723,92725,92727,92729,92731,92733],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92720,121],{"class":120},[55,92722,103],{"class":69},[55,92724,1899],{"class":1898},[55,92726,103],{"class":69},[55,92728,60122],{"class":120},[55,92730,103],{"class":69},[55,92732,2297],{"class":73},[55,92734,3075],{"class":69},[20,92736,302],{},[46,92738,92739],{"className":48,"code":60145,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,92740,92741],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92742,92743,92745,92747,92749,92751,92753,92755,92757,92759,92761,92763],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92744,312],{"class":69},[55,92746,227],{"class":73},[55,92748,77],{"class":69},[55,92750,630],{"class":73},[55,92752,77],{"class":69},[55,92754,80],{"class":73},[55,92756,77],{"class":69},[55,92758,111],{"class":73},[55,92760,77],{"class":69},[55,92762,85],{"class":73},[55,92764,88],{"class":69},[142,92766,92768],{"id":92767},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92770,1833,92771,82322],{},[15,92772,36337],{},[46,92774,92776],{"className":48,"code":92775,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92777,92778,92792,92810,92832,92860],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92779,92780,92782,92784,92786,92788,92790],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92781,121],{"class":120},[55,92783,103],{"class":69},[55,92785,60122],{"class":120},[55,92787,103],{"class":69},[55,92789,2297],{"class":73},[55,92791,1867],{"class":69},[55,92793,92794,92796,92798,92800,92802,92804,92806,92808],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,92795,121],{"class":120},[55,92797,103],{"class":69},[55,92799,1899],{"class":1898},[55,92801,103],{"class":69},[55,92803,60122],{"class":120},[55,92805,103],{"class":69},[55,92807,2297],{"class":73},[55,92809,3075],{"class":69},[55,92811,92812,92814,92816,92818,92820,92822,92824,92826,92828,92830],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,92813,121],{"class":120},[55,92815,103],{"class":69},[55,92817,1899],{"class":1898},[55,92819,103],{"class":69},[55,92821,60122],{"class":120},[55,92823,103],{"class":69},[55,92825,106],{"class":73},[55,92827,77],{"class":69},[55,92829,6518],{"class":73},[55,92831,3075],{"class":69},[55,92833,92834,92836,92838,92840,92842,92844,92846,92848,92850,92852,92854,92856,92858],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,92835,121],{"class":120},[55,92837,103],{"class":69},[55,92839,1899],{"class":1898},[55,92841,103],{"class":69},[55,92843,60122],{"class":120},[55,92845,103],{"class":69},[55,92847,800],{"class":73},[55,92849,77],{"class":69},[55,92851,3997],{"class":73},[55,92853,77],{"class":69},[55,92855,2385],{"class":65},[55,92857,106],{"class":73},[55,92859,3075],{"class":69},[55,92861,92862,92864,92866,92868,92870,92872,92874,92876],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,92863,121],{"class":120},[55,92865,103],{"class":69},[55,92867,1910],{"class":1898},[55,92869,103],{"class":69},[55,92871,60122],{"class":120},[55,92873,103],{"class":69},[55,92875,2297],{"class":73},[55,92877,3075],{"class":69},[20,92879,26152],{},[155,92881,92882,92885,92888],{},[158,92883,92884],{},"what values are being created",[158,92886,92887],{},"whether the direction is correct",[158,92889,92890,92891,24762],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92892,60122],{},[142,92894,1986],{"id":1985},[577,92896,1990,92898,92900],{"id":92897},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92899,36337],{}," include the last number?",[20,92902,92903],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[577,92905,5319,92907,92909,92910,2027],{"id":92906},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92908,90836],{}," start at ",[15,92911,227],{},[20,92913,92914,92915,44],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92916,227],{},[577,92918,2009,92920,92922],{"id":92919},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92921,36337],{}," count backward?",[20,92924,92925,92926,44],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92927,92928],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[577,92930,15052,92932,26187],{"id":92931},"is-range-a-list",[15,92933,36337],{},[20,92935,26190,92936,92938,92939,24083],{},[15,92937,60122],{}," object. Use ",[15,92940,92941],{},"list(range(...))",[577,92943,5319,92945,48828],{"id":92944},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92946,92947],{},"range(input())",[20,92949,92950,3648,92952,44],{},[15,92951,3121],{},[15,92953,92954],{},"int(input())",[142,92956,2039],{"id":2038},[155,92958,92959,92963,92969,92975,92981],{},[158,92960,92961],{},[36,92962,36169],{"href":36168},[158,92964,92965],{},[36,92966,3740,92967,3673],{"href":42500},[15,92968,42503],{},[158,92970,92971],{},[36,92972,3740,92973,3673],{"href":92005},[15,92974,35891],{},[158,92976,92977],{},[36,92978,37658,92979,36747],{"href":36743},[15,92980,35891],{},[158,92982,92983],{},[36,92984,50668,92985],{"href":50667},[15,92986,50671],{},[2080,92988,92989],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":92991},[92992,92993,92995,93001,93009,93016,93018,93030,93031,93043],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":90845,"depth":91,"text":92994},"What range() does",{"id":90938,"depth":91,"text":92996,"children":92997},"range() syntax",[92998,92999,93000],{"id":91018,"depth":117,"text":91021},{"id":91082,"depth":117,"text":91085},{"id":91150,"depth":117,"text":91153},{"id":91221,"depth":91,"text":91222,"children":93002},[93003,93004,93005,93006,93007],{"id":91228,"depth":117,"text":90836},{"id":91291,"depth":117,"text":91294},{"id":91355,"depth":117,"text":91358},{"id":91431,"depth":117,"text":91432},{"id":76795,"depth":117,"text":93008},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91590,"depth":91,"text":93010,"children":93011},"Using range() in a for loop",[93012,93013,93014],{"id":91692,"depth":117,"text":91693},{"id":91737,"depth":117,"text":91738},{"id":91817,"depth":117,"text":93015},"range() and indexing",{"id":92092,"depth":91,"text":93017},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":93019},[93020,93021,93023,93024,93026,93028],{"id":92275,"depth":117,"text":92276},{"id":92371,"depth":117,"text":93022},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92437,"depth":117,"text":92438},{"id":92572,"depth":117,"text":93025},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92629,"depth":117,"text":93027},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92663,"depth":117,"text":93029},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92767,"depth":91,"text":92768},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":93032},[93033,93035,93037,93039,93041],{"id":92897,"depth":117,"text":93034},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92906,"depth":117,"text":93036},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92919,"depth":117,"text":93038},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92931,"depth":117,"text":93040},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92944,"depth":117,"text":93042},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90739,"description":93044},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93051,"title":93052,"body":93053,"description":94726,"extension":2124,"meta":94727,"navigation":428,"path":94728,"seo":94729,"stem":94730,"__hash__":94731},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93054,"toc":94699},[93055,93064,93071,93088,93104,93106,93155,93163,93167,93170,93190,93192,93256,93258,93301,93304,93350,93352,93385,93395,93401,93409,93426,93428,93459,93461,93486,93491,93502,93505,93575,93577,93608,93613,93618,93635,93637,93688,93690,93723,93726,93733,93738,93742,93758,93760,93804,93806,93852,93855,93868,93873,93877,93891,93893,93944,93946,93979,93984,93986,93993,93995,94018,94020,94085,94087,94104,94107,94140,94142,94170,94180,94187,94191,94194,94212,94215,94243,94246,94264,94269,94275,94278,94300,94302,94330,94332,94335,94360,94363,94476,94478,94557,94559,94565,94570,94578,94586,94590,94593,94595,94628,94630,94638,94644,94651,94658,94661,94663,94696],[10,93056,3740,93058,982,93060,93063],{"id":93057},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93059,36337],{},[15,93061,93062],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93065,93066,352,93068,93070],{},[15,93067,36337],{},[15,93069,93062],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[155,93072,93073,93081],{},[158,93074,93075,93077,93078],{},[15,93076,36337],{}," creates a ",[1966,93079,93080],{},"range object",[158,93082,93083,93077,93085],{},[15,93084,93062],{},[1966,93086,93087],{},"real list",[20,93089,93090,93091,93093,93094,93097,93098,93100,93101,93103],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93092,90836],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93095,93096],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93099,36337],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93102,93062],{}," when you actually need a list.",[142,93105,3774],{"id":3773},[46,93107,93109],{"className":48,"code":93108,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93110,93111,93125,93138],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93112,93113,93115,93117,93119,93121,93123],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93114,62],{"class":61},[55,93116,66],{"class":65},[55,93118,54205],{"class":120},[55,93120,103],{"class":69},[55,93122,2297],{"class":73},[55,93124,114],{"class":69},[55,93126,93127,93129,93131,93133,93135],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,93128,121],{"class":120},[55,93130,103],{"class":69},[55,93132,94],{"class":99},[55,93134,3825],{"class":69},[55,93136,93137],{"class":133},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[55,93139,93140,93142,93144,93146,93148,93150,93152],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,93141,121],{"class":120},[55,93143,103],{"class":69},[55,93145,1899],{"class":1898},[55,93147,103],{"class":69},[55,93149,94],{"class":99},[55,93151,5522],{"class":69},[55,93153,93154],{"class":133},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93156,31,93157,93159,93160,93162],{},[15,93158,36337],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93161,93062],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[142,93164,93166],{"id":93165},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93168,93169],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[155,93171,93172,93179,93184,93187],{},[158,93173,93174,22122,93176,93178],{},[15,93175,36337],{},[1966,93177,93080],{},", not a list",[158,93180,93181,93183],{},[15,93182,93062],{}," converts that range object into a list",[158,93185,93186],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[158,93188,93189],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93191,230],{},[46,93193,93195],{"className":48,"code":93194,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93196,93197,93212,93231,93235,93245],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93198,93199,93202,93204,93206,93208,93210],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93200,93201],{"class":61},"r ",[55,93203,66],{"class":65},[55,93205,54205],{"class":120},[55,93207,103],{"class":69},[55,93209,2297],{"class":73},[55,93211,114],{"class":69},[55,93213,93214,93217,93219,93221,93223,93225,93227,93229],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,93215,93216],{"class":61},"lst ",[55,93218,66],{"class":65},[55,93220,22705],{"class":1898},[55,93222,103],{"class":69},[55,93224,60122],{"class":120},[55,93226,103],{"class":69},[55,93228,2297],{"class":73},[55,93230,1867],{"class":69},[55,93232,93233],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,93234,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,93236,93237,93239,93241,93243],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,93238,121],{"class":120},[55,93240,103],{"class":69},[55,93242,60629],{"class":99},[55,93244,114],{"class":69},[55,93246,93247,93249,93251,93254],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,93248,121],{"class":120},[55,93250,103],{"class":69},[55,93252,93253],{"class":99},"lst",[55,93255,114],{"class":69},[20,93257,302],{},[46,93259,93261],{"className":48,"code":93260,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93262,93263,93277],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93264,93265,93267,93269,93271,93273,93275],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93266,60122],{"class":120},[55,93268,103],{"class":69},[55,93270,227],{"class":73},[55,93272,77],{"class":69},[55,93274,4766],{"class":73},[55,93276,114],{"class":69},[55,93278,93279,93281,93283,93285,93287,93289,93291,93293,93295,93297,93299],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,93280,312],{"class":69},[55,93282,227],{"class":73},[55,93284,77],{"class":69},[55,93286,630],{"class":73},[55,93288,77],{"class":69},[55,93290,80],{"class":73},[55,93292,77],{"class":69},[55,93294,111],{"class":73},[55,93296,77],{"class":69},[55,93298,85],{"class":73},[55,93300,88],{"class":69},[20,93302,93303],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[46,93305,93307],{"className":48,"code":93306,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93308,93309,93327],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93310,93311,93313,93315,93317,93319,93321,93323,93325],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93312,121],{"class":120},[55,93314,103],{"class":69},[55,93316,1910],{"class":1898},[55,93318,103],{"class":69},[55,93320,60122],{"class":120},[55,93322,103],{"class":69},[55,93324,2297],{"class":73},[55,93326,3075],{"class":69},[55,93328,93329,93331,93333,93335,93337,93339,93341,93343,93345,93347],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,93330,121],{"class":120},[55,93332,103],{"class":69},[55,93334,1910],{"class":1898},[55,93336,103],{"class":69},[55,93338,1899],{"class":1898},[55,93340,103],{"class":69},[55,93342,60122],{"class":120},[55,93344,103],{"class":69},[55,93346,2297],{"class":73},[55,93348,93349],{"class":69},"))))\n",[20,93351,302],{},[46,93353,93355],{"className":48,"code":93354,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93356,93357,93371],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93358,93359,93361,93363,93365,93367,93369],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93360,3454],{"class":65},[55,93362,3457],{"class":2226},[55,93364,324],{"class":247},[55,93366,60122],{"class":251},[55,93368,315],{"class":247},[55,93370,3466],{"class":65},[55,93372,93373,93375,93377,93379,93381,93383],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,93374,3454],{"class":65},[55,93376,3457],{"class":2226},[55,93378,324],{"class":247},[55,93380,1899],{"class":251},[55,93382,315],{"class":247},[55,93384,3466],{"class":65},[20,93386,93387,93388,93390,93391,44],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93389,36337],{}," works, see ",[36,93392,3740,93393,3673],{"href":93046},[15,93394,36337],{},[142,93396,145,93398,93400],{"id":93397},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93399,36337],{}," gives you",[20,93402,93403,93405,93406,93408],{},[15,93404,36337],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93407,6115],{}," loops.",[155,93410,93411,93414,93417,93420],{},[158,93412,93413],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[158,93415,93416],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[158,93418,93419],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[158,93421,93422,93423],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93424,93425],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93427,230],{},[46,93429,93431],{"className":48,"code":93430,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93432,93433,93449],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93434,93435,93437,93439,93441,93443,93445,93447],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93436,6115],{"class":4040},[55,93438,69530],{"class":61},[55,93440,4047],{"class":4040},[55,93442,54205],{"class":120},[55,93444,103],{"class":69},[55,93446,2297],{"class":73},[55,93448,8502],{"class":69},[55,93450,93451,93453,93455,93457],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,93452,8230],{"class":120},[55,93454,103],{"class":69},[55,93456,36293],{"class":99},[55,93458,114],{"class":69},[20,93460,302],{},[46,93462,93464],{"className":48,"code":93463,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93465,93466,93470,93474,93478,93482],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93467,93468],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93469,47395],{"class":73},[55,93471,93472],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,93473,47060],{"class":73},[55,93475,93476],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,93477,17206],{"class":73},[55,93479,93480],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,93481,46760],{"class":73},[55,93483,93484],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,93485,48794],{"class":73},[20,93487,341,93488,93490],{},[15,93489,90836],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93492,93493,93494,93496,93497,44],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93495,36337],{}," is so common with ",[36,93498,3740,93500,90867],{"href":93499},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93501,6115],{},[20,93503,93504],{},"You can also inspect it:",[46,93506,93508],{"className":48,"code":93507,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93509,93510,93532,93536,93546,93560],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93511,93512,93514,93516,93518,93520,93522,93524,93526,93528,93530],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93513,93201],{"class":61},[55,93515,66],{"class":65},[55,93517,54205],{"class":120},[55,93519,103],{"class":69},[55,93521,106],{"class":73},[55,93523,77],{"class":69},[55,93525,6162],{"class":73},[55,93527,77],{"class":69},[55,93529,80],{"class":73},[55,93531,114],{"class":69},[55,93533,93534],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,93535,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,93537,93538,93540,93542,93544],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,93539,121],{"class":120},[55,93541,103],{"class":69},[55,93543,60629],{"class":99},[55,93545,114],{"class":69},[55,93547,93548,93550,93552,93554,93556,93558],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,93549,121],{"class":120},[55,93551,103],{"class":69},[55,93553,1860],{"class":120},[55,93555,103],{"class":69},[55,93557,60629],{"class":99},[55,93559,1867],{"class":69},[55,93561,93562,93564,93566,93568,93570,93573],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,93563,121],{"class":120},[55,93565,103],{"class":69},[55,93567,80576],{"class":73},[55,93569,21320],{"class":4040},[55,93571,93572],{"class":99}," r",[55,93574,114],{"class":69},[20,93576,302],{},[46,93578,93580],{"className":48,"code":93579,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93581,93582,93600,93604],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93583,93584,93586,93588,93590,93592,93594,93596,93598],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93585,60122],{"class":120},[55,93587,103],{"class":69},[55,93589,106],{"class":73},[55,93591,77],{"class":69},[55,93593,6162],{"class":73},[55,93595,77],{"class":69},[55,93597,80],{"class":73},[55,93599,114],{"class":69},[55,93601,93602],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,93603,48794],{"class":73},[55,93605,93606],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,93607,4143],{"class":1312},[142,93609,145,93611,93400],{"id":93610},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93612,93062],{},[20,93614,93615,93617],{},[15,93616,93062],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[155,93619,93620,93623,93626,93629],{},[158,93621,93622],{},"It creates all values at once",[158,93624,93625],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[158,93627,93628],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[158,93630,93631,93632,93634],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93633,36337],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93636,230],{},[46,93638,93640],{"className":48,"code":93639,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93641,93642,93660,93664,93674],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93643,93644,93646,93648,93650,93652,93654,93656,93658],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93645,62],{"class":61},[55,93647,66],{"class":65},[55,93649,22705],{"class":1898},[55,93651,103],{"class":69},[55,93653,60122],{"class":120},[55,93655,103],{"class":69},[55,93657,2297],{"class":73},[55,93659,1867],{"class":69},[55,93661,93662],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,93663,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,93665,93666,93668,93670,93672],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,93667,121],{"class":120},[55,93669,103],{"class":69},[55,93671,94],{"class":99},[55,93673,114],{"class":69},[55,93675,93676,93678,93680,93682,93684,93686],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,93677,121],{"class":120},[55,93679,103],{"class":69},[55,93681,94],{"class":99},[55,93683,312],{"class":69},[55,93685,106],{"class":73},[55,93687,1777],{"class":69},[20,93689,302],{},[46,93691,93693],{"className":48,"code":93692,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93694,93695,93719],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93696,93697,93699,93701,93703,93705,93707,93709,93711,93713,93715,93717],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93698,312],{"class":69},[55,93700,227],{"class":73},[55,93702,77],{"class":69},[55,93704,630],{"class":73},[55,93706,77],{"class":69},[55,93708,80],{"class":73},[55,93710,77],{"class":69},[55,93712,111],{"class":73},[55,93714,77],{"class":69},[55,93716,85],{"class":73},[55,93718,88],{"class":69},[55,93720,93721],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,93722,17206],{"class":73},[20,93724,93725],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93727,93728,93729,44],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[36,93730,3740,93731,3673],{"href":64972},[15,93732,24925],{},[142,93734,1937,93736],{"id":93735},"when-to-use-range",[15,93737,36337],{},[20,93739,31,93740,993],{},[15,93741,36337],{},[155,93743,93744,93749,93752,93755],{},[158,93745,93746,93747,91596],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93748,6115],{},[158,93750,93751],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[158,93753,93754],{},"You are working with large sequences",[158,93756,93757],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93759,230],{},[46,93761,93763],{"className":48,"code":93762,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93764,93765,93785],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93766,93767,93769,93771,93773,93775,93777,93779,93781,93783],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93768,6115],{"class":4040},[55,93770,69530],{"class":61},[55,93772,4047],{"class":4040},[55,93774,54205],{"class":120},[55,93776,103],{"class":69},[55,93778,74],{"class":73},[55,93780,77],{"class":69},[55,93782,37783],{"class":73},[55,93784,8502],{"class":69},[55,93786,93787,93789,93791,93793,93796,93798,93800,93802],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,93788,8230],{"class":120},[55,93790,103],{"class":69},[55,93792,248],{"class":247},[55,93794,93795],{"class":251},"Count:",[55,93797,248],{"class":247},[55,93799,77],{"class":69},[55,93801,36269],{"class":99},[55,93803,114],{"class":69},[20,93805,302],{},[46,93807,93809],{"className":48,"code":93808,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93810,93811,93820,93828,93836,93844],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93812,93813,93816,93818],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93814,93815],{"class":61},"Count",[55,93817,153],{"class":69},[55,93819,29759],{"class":73},[55,93821,93822,93824,93826],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,93823,93815],{"class":61},[55,93825,153],{"class":69},[55,93827,45732],{"class":73},[55,93829,93830,93832,93834],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,93831,93815],{"class":61},[55,93833,153],{"class":69},[55,93835,2738],{"class":73},[55,93837,93838,93840,93842],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,93839,93815],{"class":61},[55,93841,153],{"class":69},[55,93843,23808],{"class":73},[55,93845,93846,93848,93850],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,93847,93815],{"class":61},[55,93849,153],{"class":69},[55,93851,34984],{"class":73},[20,93853,93854],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93856,93857,93858,93860,93861,62412,93863,44],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93859,35891],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93862,36737],{},[36,93864,36744,93866,36747],{"href":93865},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93867,35891],{},[142,93869,1937,93871],{"id":93870},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93872,93062],{},[20,93874,31,93875,993],{},[15,93876,93062],{},[155,93878,93879,93882,93885,93888],{},[158,93880,93881],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[158,93883,93884],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[158,93886,93887],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[158,93889,93890],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93892,230],{},[46,93894,93896],{"className":48,"code":93895,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93897,93898,93916,93930,93934],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93899,93900,93902,93904,93906,93908,93910,93912,93914],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93901,62],{"class":61},[55,93903,66],{"class":65},[55,93905,22705],{"class":1898},[55,93907,103],{"class":69},[55,93909,60122],{"class":120},[55,93911,103],{"class":69},[55,93913,2297],{"class":73},[55,93915,1867],{"class":69},[55,93917,93918,93920,93922,93924,93926,93928],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,93919,94],{"class":61},[55,93921,44],{"class":69},[55,93923,1100],{"class":99},[55,93925,103],{"class":69},[55,93927,2297],{"class":73},[55,93929,114],{"class":69},[55,93931,93932],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,93933,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,93935,93936,93938,93940,93942],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,93937,121],{"class":120},[55,93939,103],{"class":69},[55,93941,94],{"class":99},[55,93943,114],{"class":69},[20,93945,302],{},[46,93947,93949],{"className":48,"code":93948,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93950,93951],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93952,93953,93955,93957,93959,93961,93963,93965,93967,93969,93971,93973,93975,93977],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93954,312],{"class":69},[55,93956,227],{"class":73},[55,93958,77],{"class":69},[55,93960,630],{"class":73},[55,93962,77],{"class":69},[55,93964,80],{"class":73},[55,93966,77],{"class":69},[55,93968,111],{"class":73},[55,93970,77],{"class":69},[55,93972,85],{"class":73},[55,93974,77],{"class":69},[55,93976,4766],{"class":73},[55,93978,88],{"class":69},[20,93980,6218,93981,93983],{},[15,93982,94],{}," is a list.",[142,93985,15746],{"id":15745},[20,93987,93988,93990,93991,44],{},[15,93989,36337],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[1966,93992,37737],{},[20,93994,2268],{},[155,93996,93997,93999,94004,94009,94012],{},[158,93998,22132],{},[158,94000,94001,94002],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94003,42503],{},[158,94005,94006,94007],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94008,4047],{},[158,94010,94011],{},"You can index it",[158,94013,94014,94015,94017],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94016,42],{}," do not work on it",[20,94019,230],{},[46,94021,94023],{"className":48,"code":94022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94024,94025,94039,94043,94057,94071],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94026,94027,94029,94031,94033,94035,94037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94028,93201],{"class":61},[55,94030,66],{"class":65},[55,94032,54205],{"class":120},[55,94034,103],{"class":69},[55,94036,2297],{"class":73},[55,94038,114],{"class":69},[55,94040,94041],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,94042,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,94044,94045,94047,94049,94051,94053,94055],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,94046,121],{"class":120},[55,94048,103],{"class":69},[55,94050,60629],{"class":99},[55,94052,312],{"class":69},[55,94054,106],{"class":73},[55,94056,1777],{"class":69},[55,94058,94059,94061,94063,94065,94067,94069],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,94060,121],{"class":120},[55,94062,103],{"class":69},[55,94064,1860],{"class":120},[55,94066,103],{"class":69},[55,94068,60629],{"class":99},[55,94070,1867],{"class":69},[55,94072,94073,94075,94077,94079,94081,94083],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,94074,121],{"class":120},[55,94076,103],{"class":69},[55,94078,2223],{"class":73},[55,94080,21320],{"class":4040},[55,94082,93572],{"class":99},[55,94084,114],{"class":69},[20,94086,302],{},[46,94088,94090],{"className":48,"code":94089,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94091,94092,94096,94100],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94093,94094],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94095,17206],{"class":73},[55,94097,94098],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,94099,3110],{"class":73},[55,94101,94102],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,94103,4143],{"class":1312},[20,94105,94106],{},"Now compare that with this:",[46,94108,94110],{"className":48,"code":94109,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94111,94112,94126],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94113,94114,94116,94118,94120,94122,94124],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94115,93201],{"class":61},[55,94117,66],{"class":65},[55,94119,54205],{"class":120},[55,94121,103],{"class":69},[55,94123,2297],{"class":73},[55,94125,114],{"class":69},[55,94127,94128,94130,94132,94134,94136,94138],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,94129,60629],{"class":61},[55,94131,44],{"class":69},[55,94133,1100],{"class":99},[55,94135,103],{"class":69},[55,94137,2297],{"class":73},[55,94139,114],{"class":69},[20,94141,302],{},[46,94143,94145],{"className":48,"code":94144,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94146,94147],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94148,94149,94151,94153,94155,94157,94159,94161,94164,94166,94168],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94150,25816],{"class":1898},[55,94152,153],{"class":69},[55,94154,324],{"class":247},[55,94156,60122],{"class":251},[55,94158,315],{"class":247},[55,94160,24762],{"class":1898},[55,94162,94163],{"class":61}," has no attribute ",[55,94165,315],{"class":247},[55,94167,1100],{"class":251},[55,94169,29844],{"class":247},[20,94171,94172,94173,2352,94175,2356,94177,94179],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94174,42],{},[15,94176,55656],{},[15,94178,64436],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94181,94182,94183,44],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[36,94184,25824,94185],{"href":35561},[15,94186,34398],{},[142,94188,94190],{"id":94189},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94192,94193],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[46,94195,94196],{"className":48,"code":92672,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,94197,94198],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94199,94200,94202,94204,94206,94208,94210],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94201,121],{"class":120},[55,94203,103],{"class":69},[55,94205,60122],{"class":120},[55,94207,103],{"class":69},[55,94209,2297],{"class":73},[55,94211,1867],{"class":69},[20,94213,94214],{},"to show:",[46,94216,94217],{"className":48,"code":60145,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,94218,94219],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94220,94221,94223,94225,94227,94229,94231,94233,94235,94237,94239,94241],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94222,312],{"class":69},[55,94224,227],{"class":73},[55,94226,77],{"class":69},[55,94228,630],{"class":73},[55,94230,77],{"class":69},[55,94232,80],{"class":73},[55,94234,77],{"class":69},[55,94236,111],{"class":73},[55,94238,77],{"class":69},[55,94240,85],{"class":73},[55,94242,88],{"class":69},[20,94244,94245],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[46,94247,94248],{"className":48,"code":92693,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,94249,94250],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94251,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260,94262],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94253,60122],{"class":120},[55,94255,103],{"class":69},[55,94257,227],{"class":73},[55,94259,77],{"class":69},[55,94261,4766],{"class":73},[55,94263,114],{"class":69},[20,94265,4789,94266,94268],{},[1966,94267,1968],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94270,94271,94272,94274],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[1966,94273,93080],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94276,94277],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[46,94279,94280],{"className":48,"code":91029,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,94281,94282],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94283,94284,94286,94288,94290,94292,94294,94296,94298],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94285,121],{"class":120},[55,94287,103],{"class":69},[55,94289,1899],{"class":1898},[55,94291,103],{"class":69},[55,94293,60122],{"class":120},[55,94295,103],{"class":69},[55,94297,2297],{"class":73},[55,94299,3075],{"class":69},[20,94301,302],{},[46,94303,94304],{"className":48,"code":60145,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,94305,94306],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94307,94308,94310,94312,94314,94316,94318,94320,94322,94324,94326,94328],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94309,312],{"class":69},[55,94311,227],{"class":73},[55,94313,77],{"class":69},[55,94315,630],{"class":73},[55,94317,77],{"class":69},[55,94319,80],{"class":73},[55,94321,77],{"class":69},[55,94323,111],{"class":73},[55,94325,77],{"class":69},[55,94327,85],{"class":73},[55,94329,88],{"class":69},[142,94331,2992],{"id":2991},[20,94333,94334],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[155,94336,94337,94343,94346,94352],{},[158,94338,8578,94339,94342],{},[15,94340,94341],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[158,94344,94345],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[158,94347,94348,94349,94351],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94350,36337],{}," is iterable but not a list",[158,94353,8578,94354,94356,94357,94359],{},[15,94355,93062],{}," when plain ",[15,94358,36337],{}," would be simpler",[20,94361,94362],{},"These quick checks can help:",[46,94364,94366],{"className":48,"code":94365,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94367,94368,94382,94400,94418,94440,94458],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94369,94370,94372,94374,94376,94378,94380],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94371,121],{"class":120},[55,94373,103],{"class":69},[55,94375,60122],{"class":120},[55,94377,103],{"class":69},[55,94379,2297],{"class":73},[55,94381,1867],{"class":69},[55,94383,94384,94386,94388,94390,94392,94394,94396,94398],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,94385,121],{"class":120},[55,94387,103],{"class":69},[55,94389,1899],{"class":1898},[55,94391,103],{"class":69},[55,94393,60122],{"class":120},[55,94395,103],{"class":69},[55,94397,2297],{"class":73},[55,94399,3075],{"class":69},[55,94401,94402,94404,94406,94408,94410,94412,94414,94416],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,94403,121],{"class":120},[55,94405,103],{"class":69},[55,94407,1910],{"class":1898},[55,94409,103],{"class":69},[55,94411,60122],{"class":120},[55,94413,103],{"class":69},[55,94415,2297],{"class":73},[55,94417,3075],{"class":69},[55,94419,94420,94422,94424,94426,94428,94430,94432,94434,94436,94438],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,94421,121],{"class":120},[55,94423,103],{"class":69},[55,94425,1910],{"class":1898},[55,94427,103],{"class":69},[55,94429,1899],{"class":1898},[55,94431,103],{"class":69},[55,94433,60122],{"class":120},[55,94435,103],{"class":69},[55,94437,2297],{"class":73},[55,94439,93349],{"class":69},[55,94441,94442,94444,94446,94448,94450,94452,94454,94456],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,94443,121],{"class":120},[55,94445,103],{"class":69},[55,94447,2223],{"class":73},[55,94449,21320],{"class":4040},[55,94451,54205],{"class":120},[55,94453,103],{"class":69},[55,94455,2297],{"class":73},[55,94457,1867],{"class":69},[55,94459,94460,94462,94464,94466,94468,94470,94472,94474],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,94461,121],{"class":120},[55,94463,103],{"class":69},[55,94465,1860],{"class":120},[55,94467,103],{"class":69},[55,94469,60122],{"class":120},[55,94471,103],{"class":69},[55,94473,2297],{"class":73},[55,94475,3075],{"class":69},[20,94477,302],{},[46,94479,94481],{"className":48,"code":94480,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94482,94483,94497,94521,94535,94549,94553],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94484,94485,94487,94489,94491,94493,94495],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94486,60122],{"class":120},[55,94488,103],{"class":69},[55,94490,227],{"class":73},[55,94492,77],{"class":69},[55,94494,4766],{"class":73},[55,94496,114],{"class":69},[55,94498,94499,94501,94503,94505,94507,94509,94511,94513,94515,94517,94519],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,94500,312],{"class":69},[55,94502,227],{"class":73},[55,94504,77],{"class":69},[55,94506,630],{"class":73},[55,94508,77],{"class":69},[55,94510,80],{"class":73},[55,94512,77],{"class":69},[55,94514,111],{"class":73},[55,94516,77],{"class":69},[55,94518,85],{"class":73},[55,94520,88],{"class":69},[55,94522,94523,94525,94527,94529,94531,94533],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,94524,3454],{"class":65},[55,94526,3457],{"class":2226},[55,94528,324],{"class":247},[55,94530,60122],{"class":251},[55,94532,315],{"class":247},[55,94534,3466],{"class":65},[55,94536,94537,94539,94541,94543,94545,94547],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,94538,3454],{"class":65},[55,94540,3457],{"class":2226},[55,94542,324],{"class":247},[55,94544,1899],{"class":251},[55,94546,315],{"class":247},[55,94548,3466],{"class":65},[55,94550,94551],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,94552,4143],{"class":1312},[55,94554,94555],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,94556,3110],{"class":73},[142,94558,1986],{"id":1985},[577,94560,15052,94562,94564],{"id":94561},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94563,36337],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94566,46508,94567,94569],{},[15,94568,36337],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[577,94571,94573,94574,11252,94576,2027],{"id":94572},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94575,36337],{},[15,94577,93062],{},[20,94579,94580,94582,94583,94585],{},[15,94581,36337],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94584,93062],{}," creates a full list.",[577,94587,94589],{"id":94588},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94591,94592],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94594,230],{},[46,94596,94598],{"className":48,"code":94597,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94599,94600,94614],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94601,94602,94604,94606,94608,94610,94612],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94603,93201],{"class":61},[55,94605,66],{"class":65},[55,94607,54205],{"class":120},[55,94609,103],{"class":69},[55,94611,2297],{"class":73},[55,94613,114],{"class":69},[55,94615,94616,94618,94620,94622,94624,94626],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,94617,121],{"class":120},[55,94619,103],{"class":69},[55,94621,60629],{"class":99},[55,94623,312],{"class":69},[55,94625,74],{"class":73},[55,94627,1777],{"class":69},[20,94629,302],{},[46,94631,94632],{"className":48,"code":47060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,94633,94634],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94635,94636],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94637,47060],{"class":73},[577,94639,5319,94641,94643],{"id":94640},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94642,94341],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94645,94646,94647,94650],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94648,94649],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[577,94652,94654,94655,94657],{"id":94653},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94656,36337],{}," to a list?",[20,94659,94660],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[142,94662,2039],{"id":2038},[155,94664,94665,94671,94677,94684,94690],{},[158,94666,94667],{},[36,94668,3740,94669,3673],{"href":93046},[15,94670,36337],{},[158,94672,94673],{},[36,94674,3740,94675,3673],{"href":64972},[15,94676,24925],{},[158,94678,94679],{},[36,94680,3740,94681,94683],{"href":93499},[15,94682,6115],{}," loops explained",[158,94685,94686],{},[36,94687,37658,94688,36747],{"href":93865},[15,94689,35891],{},[158,94691,94692],{},[36,94693,26266,94694],{"href":35561},[15,94695,34398],{},[2080,94697,94698],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":94700},[94701,94702,94703,94705,94707,94709,94711,94712,94713,94714,94725],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":93165,"depth":91,"text":93166},{"id":93397,"depth":91,"text":94704},"What range() gives you",{"id":93610,"depth":91,"text":94706},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93735,"depth":91,"text":94708},"When to use range()",{"id":93870,"depth":91,"text":94710},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15745,"depth":91,"text":15746},{"id":94189,"depth":91,"text":94190},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":94715},[94716,94718,94720,94721,94723],{"id":94561,"depth":117,"text":94717},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94572,"depth":117,"text":94719},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94588,"depth":117,"text":94589},{"id":94640,"depth":117,"text":94722},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94653,"depth":117,"text":94724},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93052,"description":94726},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94733,"title":94734,"body":94735,"description":96171,"extension":2124,"meta":96172,"navigation":428,"path":96173,"seo":96174,"stem":96175,"__hash__":96176},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94736,"toc":96137},[94737,94743,94748,94751,94765,94768,94770,94809,94811,94824,94832,94837,94853,94856,94858,94860,94881,94898,94901,94960,94962,94981,94986,94992,94995,95029,95031,95044,95047,95092,95094,95117,95124,95130,95133,95174,95176,95190,95193,95251,95253,95268,95281,95287,95293,95358,95360,95379,95381,95399,95402,95406,95412,95414,95447,95449,95462,95472,95475,95536,95538,95559,95562,95564,95580,95585,95589,95594,95599,95655,95657,95675,95678,95723,95725,95733,95738,95742,95756,95758,95790,95792,95801,95803,95807,95816,95819,95851,95853,95865,95868,95872,95877,95918,95920,95928,95931,95954,95958,95960,95969,95972,96025,96027,96036,96040,96045,96056,96058,96067,96070,96076,96079,96085,96095,96103,96110,96112,96134],[10,94738,3740,94740,3744],{"id":94739},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94741,94742],{},"round()",[20,94744,9284,94745,94747],{},[15,94746,94742],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94749,94750],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[155,94752,94753,94759],{},[158,94754,94755,94758],{},[15,94756,94757],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[158,94760,94761,94764],{},[15,94762,94763],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94766,94767],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[142,94769,2165],{"id":2164},[46,94771,94773],{"className":48,"code":94772,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94774,94775,94791],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94776,94777,94779,94781,94784,94786,94789],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94778,121],{"class":120},[55,94780,103],{"class":69},[55,94782,94783],{"class":120},"round",[55,94785,103],{"class":69},[55,94787,94788],{"class":73},"3.14159",[55,94790,1867],{"class":69},[55,94792,94793,94795,94797,94799,94801,94803,94805,94807],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,94794,121],{"class":120},[55,94796,103],{"class":69},[55,94798,94783],{"class":120},[55,94800,103],{"class":69},[55,94802,94788],{"class":73},[55,94804,77],{"class":69},[55,94806,80],{"class":73},[55,94808,1867],{"class":69},[20,94810,302],{},[46,94812,94814],{"className":48,"code":94813,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94815,94816,94820],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94817,94818],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94819,46760],{"class":73},[55,94821,94822],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,94823,40318],{"class":73},[20,94825,31,94826,94828,94829,94831],{},[15,94827,94757],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94830,94763],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[142,94833,145,94835,148],{"id":94834},"what-round-does",[15,94836,94742],{},[155,94838,94839,94844,94847,94850],{},[158,94840,94841,94843],{},[15,94842,94742],{}," is a built-in Python function",[158,94845,94846],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[158,94848,94849],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[158,94851,94852],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94854,94855],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[142,94857,2319],{"id":2318},[20,94859,2322],{},[46,94861,94863],{"className":48,"code":94862,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94864,94865],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94866,94867,94869,94871,94873,94876,94879],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94868,94783],{"class":120},[55,94870,103],{"class":69},[55,94872,2402],{"class":99},[55,94874,94875],{"class":69},"[,",[55,94877,94878],{"class":99}," ndigits",[55,94880,1777],{"class":69},[155,94882,94883,94888,94893],{},[158,94884,94885,94887],{},[15,94886,2402],{}," is the value to round",[158,94889,94890,20186],{},[15,94891,94892],{},"ndigits",[158,94894,94895,94897],{},[15,94896,94892],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94899,94900],{},"Basic examples:",[46,94902,94904],{"className":48,"code":94903,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94905,94906,94921,94939],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94907,94908,94910,94912,94914,94916,94919],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94909,121],{"class":120},[55,94911,103],{"class":69},[55,94913,94783],{"class":120},[55,94915,103],{"class":69},[55,94917,94918],{"class":73},"7.8",[55,94920,1867],{"class":69},[55,94922,94923,94925,94927,94929,94931,94933,94935,94937],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,94924,121],{"class":120},[55,94926,103],{"class":69},[55,94928,94783],{"class":120},[55,94930,103],{"class":69},[55,94932,94918],{"class":73},[55,94934,77],{"class":69},[55,94936,630],{"class":73},[55,94938,1867],{"class":69},[55,94940,94941,94943,94945,94947,94949,94952,94954,94956,94958],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,94942,121],{"class":120},[55,94944,103],{"class":69},[55,94946,94783],{"class":120},[55,94948,103],{"class":69},[55,94950,94951],{"class":73},"1234",[55,94953,77],{"class":69},[55,94955,2385],{"class":65},[55,94957,106],{"class":73},[55,94959,1867],{"class":69},[20,94961,302],{},[46,94963,94965],{"className":48,"code":94964,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94966,94967,94971,94976],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94968,94969],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94970,2542],{"class":73},[55,94972,94973],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,94974,94975],{"class":73},"7.8\n",[55,94977,94978],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,94979,94980],{"class":73},"1200\n",[20,94982,94983,94984,44],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[36,94985,2581],{"href":2580},[142,94987,8578,94989,94991],{"id":94988},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94990,94742],{}," with one argument",[20,94993,94994],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[46,94996,94998],{"className":48,"code":94997,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94999,95000,95014],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95001,95002,95004,95006,95008,95010,95012],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95003,121],{"class":120},[55,95005,103],{"class":69},[55,95007,94783],{"class":120},[55,95009,103],{"class":69},[55,95011,2523],{"class":73},[55,95013,1867],{"class":69},[55,95015,95016,95018,95020,95022,95024,95027],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95017,121],{"class":120},[55,95019,103],{"class":69},[55,95021,94783],{"class":120},[55,95023,103],{"class":69},[55,95025,95026],{"class":73},"4.8",[55,95028,1867],{"class":69},[20,95030,302],{},[46,95032,95034],{"className":48,"code":95033,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"4\n5\n",[15,95035,95036,95040],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95037,95038],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95039,48794],{"class":73},[55,95041,95042],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95043,3110],{"class":73},[20,95045,95046],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[46,95048,95050],{"className":48,"code":95049,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95051,95052,95068,95078],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95053,95054,95056,95058,95061,95063,95066],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95055,1255],{"class":61},[55,95057,66],{"class":65},[55,95059,95060],{"class":120}," round",[55,95062,103],{"class":69},[55,95064,95065],{"class":73},"10.2",[55,95067,114],{"class":69},[55,95069,95070,95072,95074,95076],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95071,121],{"class":120},[55,95073,103],{"class":69},[55,95075,1288],{"class":99},[55,95077,114],{"class":69},[55,95079,95080,95082,95084,95086,95088,95090],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,95081,121],{"class":120},[55,95083,103],{"class":69},[55,95085,1910],{"class":1898},[55,95087,103],{"class":69},[55,95089,1288],{"class":99},[55,95091,1867],{"class":69},[20,95093,302],{},[46,95095,95097],{"className":48,"code":95096,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95098,95099,95103],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95100,95101],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95102,2537],{"class":73},[55,95104,95105,95107,95109,95111,95113,95115],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95106,3454],{"class":65},[55,95108,3457],{"class":2226},[55,95110,324],{"class":247},[55,95112,2351],{"class":251},[55,95114,315],{"class":247},[55,95116,3466],{"class":65},[20,95118,95119,95120,44],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[36,95121,3740,95122,3673],{"href":3037},[15,95123,3040],{},[142,95125,8578,95127,95129],{"id":95126},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95128,94742],{}," with decimal places",[20,95131,95132],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[46,95134,95136],{"className":48,"code":95135,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95137,95138,95156],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95139,95140,95142,95144,95146,95148,95150,95152,95154],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95141,121],{"class":120},[55,95143,103],{"class":69},[55,95145,94783],{"class":120},[55,95147,103],{"class":69},[55,95149,94788],{"class":73},[55,95151,77],{"class":69},[55,95153,80],{"class":73},[55,95155,1867],{"class":69},[55,95157,95158,95160,95162,95164,95166,95168,95170,95172],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95159,121],{"class":120},[55,95161,103],{"class":69},[55,95163,94783],{"class":120},[55,95165,103],{"class":69},[55,95167,94788],{"class":73},[55,95169,77],{"class":69},[55,95171,111],{"class":73},[55,95173,1867],{"class":69},[20,95175,302],{},[46,95177,95179],{"className":48,"code":95178,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95180,95181,95185],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95182,95183],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95184,40318],{"class":73},[55,95186,95187],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95188,95189],{"class":73},"3.142\n",[20,95191,95192],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[46,95194,95196],{"className":48,"code":95195,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95197,95198,95207,95226,95230,95240],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95199,95200,95202,95204],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95201,40528],{"class":61},[55,95203,66],{"class":65},[55,95205,95206],{"class":73}," 19.9876\n",[55,95208,95209,95212,95214,95216,95218,95220,95222,95224],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95210,95211],{"class":61},"rounded_price ",[55,95213,66],{"class":65},[55,95215,95060],{"class":120},[55,95217,103],{"class":69},[55,95219,25294],{"class":99},[55,95221,77],{"class":69},[55,95223,80],{"class":73},[55,95225,114],{"class":69},[55,95227,95228],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,95229,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,95231,95232,95234,95236,95238],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,95233,121],{"class":120},[55,95235,103],{"class":69},[55,95237,25294],{"class":99},[55,95239,114],{"class":69},[55,95241,95242,95244,95246,95249],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,95243,121],{"class":120},[55,95245,103],{"class":69},[55,95247,95248],{"class":99},"rounded_price",[55,95250,114],{"class":69},[20,95252,302],{},[46,95254,95256],{"className":48,"code":95255,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95257,95258,95263],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95259,95260],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95261,95262],{"class":73},"19.9876\n",[55,95264,95265],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95266,95267],{"class":73},"19.99\n",[20,95269,95270,95271,95274,95275,3041,95277,44],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95272,95273],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[36,95276,41033],{"href":41032},[36,95278,3740,95279,3673],{"href":3044},[15,95280,3047],{},[142,95282,95284,95285],{"id":95283},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95286,94892],{},[20,95288,95289,95290,95292],{},"A negative ",[15,95291,94892],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[46,95294,95296],{"className":48,"code":95295,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95297,95298,95318,95338],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95299,95300,95302,95304,95306,95308,95310,95312,95314,95316],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95301,121],{"class":120},[55,95303,103],{"class":69},[55,95305,94783],{"class":120},[55,95307,103],{"class":69},[55,95309,94951],{"class":73},[55,95311,77],{"class":69},[55,95313,2385],{"class":65},[55,95315,74],{"class":73},[55,95317,1867],{"class":69},[55,95319,95320,95322,95324,95326,95328,95330,95332,95334,95336],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95321,121],{"class":120},[55,95323,103],{"class":69},[55,95325,94783],{"class":120},[55,95327,103],{"class":69},[55,95329,94951],{"class":73},[55,95331,77],{"class":69},[55,95333,2385],{"class":65},[55,95335,106],{"class":73},[55,95337,1867],{"class":69},[55,95339,95340,95342,95344,95346,95348,95350,95352,95354,95356],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,95341,121],{"class":120},[55,95343,103],{"class":69},[55,95345,94783],{"class":120},[55,95347,103],{"class":69},[55,95349,94951],{"class":73},[55,95351,77],{"class":69},[55,95353,2385],{"class":65},[55,95355,2223],{"class":73},[55,95357,1867],{"class":69},[20,95359,302],{},[46,95361,95363],{"className":48,"code":95362,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95364,95365,95370,95374],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95366,95367],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95368,95369],{"class":73},"1230\n",[55,95371,95372],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95373,94980],{"class":73},[55,95375,95376],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,95377,95378],{"class":73},"1000\n",[20,95380,65709],{},[155,95382,95383,95388,95394],{},[158,95384,95385,95387],{},[15,95386,65978],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[158,95389,95390,95393],{},[15,95391,95392],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[158,95395,95396,95398],{},[15,95397,47814],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95400,95401],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[142,95403,95405],{"id":95404},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95407,95408,95409,44],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95410,95411],{},".5",[20,95413,5631],{},[46,95415,95417],{"className":48,"code":95416,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95418,95419,95433],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95420,95421,95423,95425,95427,95429,95431],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95422,121],{"class":120},[55,95424,103],{"class":69},[55,95426,94783],{"class":120},[55,95428,103],{"class":69},[55,95430,41300],{"class":73},[55,95432,1867],{"class":69},[55,95434,95435,95437,95439,95441,95443,95445],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95436,121],{"class":120},[55,95438,103],{"class":69},[55,95440,94783],{"class":120},[55,95442,103],{"class":69},[55,95444,2201],{"class":73},[55,95446,1867],{"class":69},[20,95448,302],{},[46,95450,95452],{"className":48,"code":95451,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"2\n4\n",[15,95453,95454,95458],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95455,95456],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95457,17206],{"class":73},[55,95459,95460],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95461,48794],{"class":73},[20,95463,95464,95465,95468,95469,95471],{},"Python uses ",[1966,95466,95467],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95470,95411],{}," situations.",[20,95473,95474],{},"More examples:",[46,95476,95478],{"className":48,"code":95477,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95479,95480,95494,95508,95522],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95481,95482,95484,95486,95488,95490,95492],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95483,121],{"class":120},[55,95485,103],{"class":69},[55,95487,94783],{"class":120},[55,95489,103],{"class":69},[55,95491,41313],{"class":73},[55,95493,1867],{"class":69},[55,95495,95496,95498,95500,95502,95504,95506],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95497,121],{"class":120},[55,95499,103],{"class":69},[55,95501,94783],{"class":120},[55,95503,103],{"class":69},[55,95505,41300],{"class":73},[55,95507,1867],{"class":69},[55,95509,95510,95512,95514,95516,95518,95520],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,95511,121],{"class":120},[55,95513,103],{"class":69},[55,95515,94783],{"class":120},[55,95517,103],{"class":69},[55,95519,2201],{"class":73},[55,95521,1867],{"class":69},[55,95523,95524,95526,95528,95530,95532,95534],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,95525,121],{"class":120},[55,95527,103],{"class":69},[55,95529,94783],{"class":120},[55,95531,103],{"class":69},[55,95533,41265],{"class":73},[55,95535,1867],{"class":69},[20,95537,302],{},[46,95539,95541],{"className":48,"code":95540,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95542,95543,95547,95551,95555],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95544,95545],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95546,17206],{"class":73},[55,95548,95549],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95550,17206],{"class":73},[55,95552,95553],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,95554,48794],{"class":73},[55,95556,95557],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,95558,48794],{"class":73},[20,95560,95561],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95563,10873],{},[155,95565,95566,95573],{},[158,95567,95568,2294,95571],{},[15,95569,95570],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95572,106],{},[158,95574,95575,2294,95578],{},[15,95576,95577],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95579,2665],{},[20,95581,3333,95582,95584],{},[15,95583,95411],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[142,95586,95588],{"id":95587},"return-values","Return values",[20,95590,95591,95593],{},[15,95592,94742],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95595,41047,95596,95598],{},[1966,95597,1968],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[46,95600,95602],{"className":48,"code":95601,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95603,95604,95613,95617,95627,95645],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95605,95606,95608,95610],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95607,2608],{"class":61},[55,95609,66],{"class":65},[55,95611,95612],{"class":73}," 3.14159\n",[55,95614,95615],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95616,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,95618,95619,95621,95623,95625],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,95620,121],{"class":120},[55,95622,103],{"class":69},[55,95624,2633],{"class":99},[55,95626,114],{"class":69},[55,95628,95629,95631,95633,95635,95637,95639,95641,95643],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,95630,121],{"class":120},[55,95632,103],{"class":69},[55,95634,94783],{"class":120},[55,95636,103],{"class":69},[55,95638,2633],{"class":99},[55,95640,77],{"class":69},[55,95642,80],{"class":73},[55,95644,1867],{"class":69},[55,95646,95647,95649,95651,95653],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,95648,121],{"class":120},[55,95650,103],{"class":69},[55,95652,2633],{"class":99},[55,95654,114],{"class":69},[20,95656,302],{},[46,95658,95660],{"className":48,"code":95659,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95661,95662,95667,95671],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95663,95664],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95665,95666],{"class":73},"3.14159\n",[55,95668,95669],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95670,40318],{"class":73},[55,95672,95673],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,95674,95666],{"class":73},[20,95676,95677],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[46,95679,95681],{"className":48,"code":95680,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95682,95683,95691,95709,95713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95684,95685,95687,95689],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95686,2608],{"class":61},[55,95688,66],{"class":65},[55,95690,95612],{"class":73},[55,95692,95693,95695,95697,95699,95701,95703,95705,95707],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95694,2608],{"class":61},[55,95696,66],{"class":65},[55,95698,95060],{"class":120},[55,95700,103],{"class":69},[55,95702,2633],{"class":99},[55,95704,77],{"class":69},[55,95706,80],{"class":73},[55,95708,114],{"class":69},[55,95710,95711],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,95712,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,95714,95715,95717,95719,95721],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,95716,121],{"class":120},[55,95718,103],{"class":69},[55,95720,2633],{"class":99},[55,95722,114],{"class":69},[20,95724,302],{},[46,95726,95727],{"className":48,"code":40318,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,95728,95729],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95730,95731],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95732,40318],{"class":73},[142,95734,1937,95736],{"id":95735},"when-to-use-round",[15,95737,94742],{},[20,95739,31,95740,6476],{},[15,95741,94742],{},[155,95743,95744,95747,95750,95753],{},[158,95745,95746],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[158,95748,95749],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[158,95751,95752],{},"Round values before reporting results",[158,95754,95755],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95757,5631],{},[46,95759,95761],{"className":48,"code":95760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95762,95763,95772],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95764,95765,95767,95769],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95766,2757],{"class":61},[55,95768,66],{"class":65},[55,95770,95771],{"class":73}," 12.67891\n",[55,95773,95774,95776,95778,95780,95782,95784,95786,95788],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95775,121],{"class":120},[55,95777,103],{"class":69},[55,95779,94783],{"class":120},[55,95781,103],{"class":69},[55,95783,2780],{"class":99},[55,95785,77],{"class":69},[55,95787,80],{"class":73},[55,95789,1867],{"class":69},[20,95791,302],{},[46,95793,95795],{"className":48,"code":95794,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"12.68\n",[15,95796,95797],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95798,95799],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95800,95794],{"class":73},[142,95802,2992],{"id":2991},[20,95804,23240,95805,44],{},[15,95806,94742],{},[577,95808,1553,95810,95812,95813,95815],{"id":95809},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95811,94742],{}," to always round ",[15,95814,95411],{}," upward",[20,95817,95818],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[46,95820,95821],{"className":48,"code":95416,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,95822,95823,95837],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95824,95825,95827,95829,95831,95833,95835],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95826,121],{"class":120},[55,95828,103],{"class":69},[55,95830,94783],{"class":120},[55,95832,103],{"class":69},[55,95834,41300],{"class":73},[55,95836,1867],{"class":69},[55,95838,95839,95841,95843,95845,95847,95849],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95840,121],{"class":120},[55,95842,103],{"class":69},[55,95844,94783],{"class":120},[55,95846,103],{"class":69},[55,95848,2201],{"class":73},[55,95850,1867],{"class":69},[20,95852,302],{},[46,95854,95855],{"className":48,"code":95451,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,95856,95857,95861],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95858,95859],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95860,17206],{"class":73},[55,95862,95863],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95864,48794],{"class":73},[20,95866,95867],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[577,95869,95871],{"id":95870},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95873,95874,95876],{},[15,95875,94742],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[46,95878,95880],{"className":48,"code":95879,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95881,95882,95890,95904,95908],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95883,95884,95886,95888],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95885,2608],{"class":61},[55,95887,66],{"class":65},[55,95889,95612],{"class":73},[55,95891,95892,95894,95896,95898,95900,95902],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95893,94783],{"class":120},[55,95895,103],{"class":69},[55,95897,2633],{"class":99},[55,95899,77],{"class":69},[55,95901,80],{"class":73},[55,95903,114],{"class":69},[55,95905,95906],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,95907,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,95909,95910,95912,95914,95916],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,95911,121],{"class":120},[55,95913,103],{"class":69},[55,95915,2633],{"class":99},[55,95917,114],{"class":69},[20,95919,302],{},[46,95921,95922],{"className":48,"code":95666,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,95923,95924],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95925,95926],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95927,95666],{"class":73},[20,95929,95930],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[46,95932,95934],{"className":48,"code":95933,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95935,95936],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95937,95938,95940,95942,95944,95946,95948,95950,95952],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95939,2608],{"class":61},[55,95941,66],{"class":65},[55,95943,95060],{"class":120},[55,95945,103],{"class":69},[55,95947,2633],{"class":99},[55,95949,77],{"class":69},[55,95951,80],{"class":73},[55,95953,114],{"class":69},[577,95955,95957],{"id":95956},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95959,16551],{},[46,95961,95963],{"className":48,"code":95962,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95964,95965],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95966,95967],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95968,95962],{"class":133},[20,95970,95971],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[46,95973,95975],{"className":48,"code":95974,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95976,95977,95989,96003,96007],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95978,95979,95981,95983,95985,95987],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95980,34829],{"class":61},[55,95982,66],{"class":65},[55,95984,258],{"class":247},[55,95986,40284],{"class":251},[55,95988,3522],{"class":247},[55,95990,95991,95993,95995,95997,95999,96001],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,95992,2380],{"class":61},[55,95994,66],{"class":65},[55,95996,40396],{"class":1898},[55,95998,103],{"class":69},[55,96000,34850],{"class":99},[55,96002,114],{"class":69},[55,96004,96005],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,96006,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,96008,96009,96011,96013,96015,96017,96019,96021,96023],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,96010,121],{"class":120},[55,96012,103],{"class":69},[55,96014,94783],{"class":120},[55,96016,103],{"class":69},[55,96018,2402],{"class":99},[55,96020,77],{"class":69},[55,96022,630],{"class":73},[55,96024,1867],{"class":69},[20,96026,302],{},[46,96028,96030],{"className":48,"code":96029,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.1\n",[15,96031,96032],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96033,96034],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96035,96029],{"class":73},[577,96037,96039],{"id":96038},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96041,96042,96044],{},[15,96043,94742],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96046,96047,96048,3041,96052,44],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[36,96049,96050],{"href":3044},[15,96051,3047],{},[36,96053,96054],{"href":3037},[15,96055,3040],{},[142,96057,1986],{"id":1985},[577,96059,1990,96061,96063,96064,96066],{"id":96060},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96062,94742],{}," always round ",[15,96065,40355],{}," up?",[20,96068,96069],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[577,96071,1990,96073,96075],{"id":96072},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96074,94742],{}," change the original number?",[20,96077,96078],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[577,96080,2009,96082,96084],{"id":96081},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96083,94742],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96086,96087,96088,96090,96091,3041,96093,44],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96089,94892],{}," value like ",[15,96092,65978],{},[15,96094,95392],{},[577,96096,28473,96098,96100,96101,2027],{"id":96097},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96099,94742],{}," on a string like ",[15,96102,48238],{},[20,96104,96105,96106,3041,96108,44],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96107,3047],{},[15,96109,3040],{},[142,96111,2039],{"id":2038},[155,96113,96114,96120,96126,96130],{},[158,96115,96116],{},[36,96117,3740,96118,3673],{"href":3044},[15,96119,3047],{},[158,96121,96122],{},[36,96123,3740,96124,3673],{"href":3037},[15,96125,3040],{},[158,96127,96128],{},[36,96129,2581],{"href":2580},[158,96131,96132],{},[36,96133,42323],{"href":41032},[2080,96135,96136],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":96138},[96139,96140,96142,96143,96145,96147,96149,96150,96151,96153,96160,96170],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":94834,"depth":91,"text":96141},"What round() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":94988,"depth":91,"text":96144},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95126,"depth":91,"text":96146},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95283,"depth":91,"text":96148},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95404,"depth":91,"text":95405},{"id":95587,"depth":91,"text":95588},{"id":95735,"depth":91,"text":96152},"When to use round()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":96154},[96155,96157,96158,96159],{"id":95809,"depth":117,"text":96156},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95870,"depth":117,"text":95871},{"id":95956,"depth":117,"text":95957},{"id":96038,"depth":117,"text":96039},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":96161},[96162,96164,96166,96168],{"id":96060,"depth":117,"text":96163},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96072,"depth":117,"text":96165},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96081,"depth":117,"text":96167},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96097,"depth":117,"text":96169},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94734,"description":96171},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96178,"title":96179,"body":96180,"description":97365,"extension":2124,"meta":97366,"navigation":428,"path":97367,"seo":97368,"stem":97369,"__hash__":97370},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96181,"toc":97339},[96182,96189,96195,96198,96200,96249,96253,96278,96283,96288,96293,96307,96318,96320,96339,96341,96357,96360,96371,96373,96375,96436,96440,96473,96480,96487,96490,96523,96526,96530,96533,96586,96590,96611,96617,96624,96631,96692,96700,96777,96781,96793,96802,96804,96810,96816,96820,96873,96876,96934,96938,96946,96949,96953,96956,96966,96968,97065,97068,97079,97082,97125,97129,97153,97156,97162,97164,97168,97193,97195,97262,97271,97273,97279,97284,97288,97291,97295,97302,97306,97311,97313,97330,97336],[10,96183,96185,96186,18],{"id":96184},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96187,96188],{},"add()",[20,96190,96191,96194],{},[15,96192,96193],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96196,96197],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[142,96199,2165],{"id":2164},[46,96201,96203],{"className":48,"code":96202,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96204,96205,96225,96239],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96206,96207,96209,96211,96213,96215,96217,96219,96221,96223],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96208,62],{"class":61},[55,96210,66],{"class":65},[55,96212,10652],{"class":69},[55,96214,74],{"class":73},[55,96216,77],{"class":69},[55,96218,80],{"class":73},[55,96220,77],{"class":69},[55,96222,111],{"class":73},[55,96224,9471],{"class":69},[55,96226,96227,96229,96231,96233,96235,96237],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,96228,94],{"class":61},[55,96230,44],{"class":69},[55,96232,82088],{"class":99},[55,96234,103],{"class":69},[55,96236,2665],{"class":73},[55,96238,114],{"class":69},[55,96240,96241,96243,96245,96247],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,96242,121],{"class":120},[55,96244,103],{"class":69},[55,96246,94],{"class":99},[55,96248,114],{"class":69},[20,96250,96251],{},[1966,96252,302],{},[46,96254,96256],{"className":48,"code":96255,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96257,96258],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96259,96260,96262,96264,96266,96268,96270,96272,96274,96276],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96261,9440],{"class":69},[55,96263,74],{"class":73},[55,96265,77],{"class":69},[55,96267,80],{"class":73},[55,96269,77],{"class":69},[55,96271,111],{"class":73},[55,96273,77],{"class":69},[55,96275,85],{"class":73},[55,96277,9471],{"class":69},[20,96279,31,96280,96282],{},[15,96281,96188],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[142,96284,145,96286,148],{"id":96285},"what-setadd-does",[15,96287,96193],{},[20,96289,96290,96292],{},[15,96291,96193],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[155,96294,96295,96298,96301,96304],{},[158,96296,96297],{},"Adds one item to a set",[158,96299,96300],{},"Changes the original set in place",[158,96302,96303],{},"Does not return a new set",[158,96305,96306],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96308,96309,96310,3041,96314,44],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[36,96311,96313],{"href":96312},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[36,96315,96317],{"href":96316},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[142,96319,2319],{"id":2318},[46,96321,96323],{"className":48,"code":96322,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96324,96325],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96326,96327,96329,96331,96333,96335,96337],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96328,15816],{"class":61},[55,96330,44],{"class":69},[55,96332,82088],{"class":99},[55,96334,103],{"class":69},[55,96336,220],{"class":99},[55,96338,114],{"class":69},[20,96340,11617],{},[155,96342,96343,96348,96351],{},[158,96344,56035,96345,96347],{},[15,96346,96188],{}," on an existing set",[158,96349,96350],{},"Pass exactly one item",[158,96352,96353,96354],{},"The item must be ",[1966,96355,96356],{},"hashable",[20,96358,96359],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[155,96361,96362,96364,96366,96369],{},[158,96363,56588],{},[158,96365,56591],{},[158,96367,96368],{},"Tuples",[158,96370,40736],{},[142,96372,11634],{"id":11633},[20,96374,11637],{},[46,96376,96378],{"className":48,"code":96377,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96379,96380,96404,96422,96426],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96381,96382,96384,96386,96388,96390,96392,96394,96396,96398,96400,96402],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96383,372],{"class":61},[55,96385,66],{"class":65},[55,96387,10652],{"class":69},[55,96389,248],{"class":247},[55,96391,381],{"class":251},[55,96393,248],{"class":247},[55,96395,77],{"class":69},[55,96397,258],{"class":247},[55,96399,390],{"class":251},[55,96401,248],{"class":247},[55,96403,9471],{"class":69},[55,96405,96406,96408,96410,96412,96414,96416,96418,96420],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,96407,434],{"class":61},[55,96409,44],{"class":69},[55,96411,82088],{"class":99},[55,96413,103],{"class":69},[55,96415,248],{"class":247},[55,96417,399],{"class":251},[55,96419,248],{"class":247},[55,96421,114],{"class":69},[55,96423,96424],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,96425,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,96427,96428,96430,96432,96434],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,96429,121],{"class":120},[55,96431,103],{"class":69},[55,96433,434],{"class":99},[55,96435,114],{"class":69},[20,96437,96438],{},[1966,96439,30174],{},[46,96441,96443],{"className":48,"code":96442,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96444,96445],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96446,96447,96449,96451,96453,96455,96457,96459,96461,96463,96465,96467,96469,96471],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96448,9440],{"class":69},[55,96450,315],{"class":247},[55,96452,381],{"class":251},[55,96454,315],{"class":247},[55,96456,77],{"class":69},[55,96458,324],{"class":247},[55,96460,399],{"class":251},[55,96462,315],{"class":247},[55,96464,77],{"class":69},[55,96466,324],{"class":247},[55,96468,390],{"class":251},[55,96470,315],{"class":247},[55,96472,9471],{"class":69},[20,96474,96475,96476,96479],{},"The new value ",[15,96477,96478],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96481,96482,96483,96486],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[1966,96484,96485],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96488,96489],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[46,96491,96493],{"className":48,"code":96492,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96494,96495],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96496,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507,96509,96511,96513,96515,96517,96519,96521],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96498,9440],{"class":69},[55,96500,315],{"class":247},[55,96502,390],{"class":251},[55,96504,315],{"class":247},[55,96506,77],{"class":69},[55,96508,324],{"class":247},[55,96510,381],{"class":251},[55,96512,315],{"class":247},[55,96514,77],{"class":69},[55,96516,324],{"class":247},[55,96518,399],{"class":251},[55,96520,315],{"class":247},[55,96522,9471],{"class":69},[20,96524,96525],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[142,96527,96529],{"id":96528},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96531,96532],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[46,96534,96536],{"className":48,"code":96535,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96537,96538,96558,96572,96576],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96539,96540,96542,96544,96546,96548,96550,96552,96554,96556],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96541,62],{"class":61},[55,96543,66],{"class":65},[55,96545,10652],{"class":69},[55,96547,74],{"class":73},[55,96549,77],{"class":69},[55,96551,80],{"class":73},[55,96553,77],{"class":69},[55,96555,111],{"class":73},[55,96557,9471],{"class":69},[55,96559,96560,96562,96564,96566,96568,96570],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,96561,94],{"class":61},[55,96563,44],{"class":69},[55,96565,82088],{"class":99},[55,96567,103],{"class":69},[55,96569,106],{"class":73},[55,96571,114],{"class":69},[55,96573,96574],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,96575,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,96577,96578,96580,96582,96584],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,96579,121],{"class":120},[55,96581,103],{"class":69},[55,96583,94],{"class":99},[55,96585,114],{"class":69},[20,96587,96588],{},[1966,96589,302],{},[46,96591,96593],{"className":48,"code":96592,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96594,96595],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96596,96597,96599,96601,96603,96605,96607,96609],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96598,9440],{"class":69},[55,96600,74],{"class":73},[55,96602,77],{"class":69},[55,96604,80],{"class":73},[55,96606,77],{"class":69},[55,96608,111],{"class":73},[55,96610,9471],{"class":69},[20,96612,96613,96614,96616],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96615,106],{}," was already present.",[142,96618,96620,982,96622],{"id":96619},"add-vs-update",[15,96621,96188],{},[15,96623,15103],{},[20,96625,31,96626,96628,96629,44],{},[15,96627,96188],{}," when you want to add ",[1966,96630,52800],{},[46,96632,96634],{"className":48,"code":96633,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96635,96636,96660,96678,96682],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96637,96638,96640,96642,96644,96646,96648,96650,96652,96654,96656,96658],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96639,240],{"class":61},[55,96641,66],{"class":65},[55,96643,10652],{"class":69},[55,96645,248],{"class":247},[55,96647,36],{"class":251},[55,96649,248],{"class":247},[55,96651,77],{"class":69},[55,96653,258],{"class":247},[55,96655,285],{"class":251},[55,96657,248],{"class":247},[55,96659,9471],{"class":69},[55,96661,96662,96664,96666,96668,96670,96672,96674,96676],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,96663,270],{"class":61},[55,96665,44],{"class":69},[55,96667,82088],{"class":99},[55,96669,103],{"class":69},[55,96671,248],{"class":247},[55,96673,261],{"class":251},[55,96675,248],{"class":247},[55,96677,114],{"class":69},[55,96679,96680],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,96681,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,96683,96684,96686,96688,96690],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,96685,121],{"class":120},[55,96687,103],{"class":69},[55,96689,270],{"class":99},[55,96691,114],{"class":69},[20,96693,31,96694,96628,96696,96699],{},[15,96695,15103],{},[1966,96697,96698],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[46,96701,96703],{"className":48,"code":96702,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96704,96705,96729,96763,96767],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96706,96707,96709,96711,96713,96715,96717,96719,96721,96723,96725,96727],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96708,240],{"class":61},[55,96710,66],{"class":65},[55,96712,10652],{"class":69},[55,96714,248],{"class":247},[55,96716,36],{"class":251},[55,96718,248],{"class":247},[55,96720,77],{"class":69},[55,96722,258],{"class":247},[55,96724,285],{"class":251},[55,96726,248],{"class":247},[55,96728,9471],{"class":69},[55,96730,96731,96733,96735,96737,96739,96741,96743,96745,96747,96749,96751,96753,96755,96757,96759,96761],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,96732,270],{"class":61},[55,96734,44],{"class":69},[55,96736,30608],{"class":99},[55,96738,3149],{"class":69},[55,96740,248],{"class":247},[55,96742,261],{"class":251},[55,96744,248],{"class":247},[55,96746,77],{"class":69},[55,96748,258],{"class":247},[55,96750,886],{"class":251},[55,96752,248],{"class":247},[55,96754,77],{"class":69},[55,96756,258],{"class":247},[55,96758,60571],{"class":251},[55,96760,248],{"class":247},[55,96762,1777],{"class":69},[55,96764,96765],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,96766,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,96768,96769,96771,96773,96775],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,96770,121],{"class":120},[55,96772,103],{"class":69},[55,96774,270],{"class":99},[55,96776,114],{"class":69},[577,96778,96780],{"id":96779},"key-difference","Key difference",[155,96782,96783,96788],{},[158,96784,96785,96787],{},[15,96786,96188],{}," adds one item",[158,96789,96790,96792],{},[15,96791,15103],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96794,96795,96796,44],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[36,96797,96799,96800,43],{"href":96798},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96801,15103],{},[142,96803,17569],{"id":17568},[20,96805,96806,2558,96808,44],{},[15,96807,96193],{},[15,96809,172],{},[20,96811,96812,96813,96815],{},"That means you should ",[1966,96814,1968],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[577,96817,96819],{"id":96818},"correct","Correct",[46,96821,96823],{"className":48,"code":96822,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96824,96825,96845,96859,96863],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96826,96827,96829,96831,96833,96835,96837,96839,96841,96843],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96828,15778],{"class":61},[55,96830,66],{"class":65},[55,96832,10652],{"class":69},[55,96834,74],{"class":73},[55,96836,77],{"class":69},[55,96838,80],{"class":73},[55,96840,77],{"class":69},[55,96842,111],{"class":73},[55,96844,9471],{"class":69},[55,96846,96847,96849,96851,96853,96855,96857],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,96848,15816],{"class":61},[55,96850,44],{"class":69},[55,96852,82088],{"class":99},[55,96854,103],{"class":69},[55,96856,2665],{"class":73},[55,96858,114],{"class":69},[55,96860,96861],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,96862,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,96864,96865,96867,96869,96871],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,96866,121],{"class":120},[55,96868,103],{"class":69},[55,96870,15816],{"class":99},[55,96872,114],{"class":69},[577,96874,96875],{"id":61893},"Wrong",[46,96877,96879],{"className":48,"code":96878,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96880,96881,96901,96920,96924],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96882,96883,96885,96887,96889,96891,96893,96895,96897,96899],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96884,15778],{"class":61},[55,96886,66],{"class":65},[55,96888,10652],{"class":69},[55,96890,74],{"class":73},[55,96892,77],{"class":69},[55,96894,80],{"class":73},[55,96896,77],{"class":69},[55,96898,111],{"class":73},[55,96900,9471],{"class":69},[55,96902,96903,96905,96907,96910,96912,96914,96916,96918],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,96904,15778],{"class":61},[55,96906,66],{"class":65},[55,96908,96909],{"class":61}," my_set",[55,96911,44],{"class":69},[55,96913,82088],{"class":99},[55,96915,103],{"class":69},[55,96917,2665],{"class":73},[55,96919,114],{"class":69},[55,96921,96922],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,96923,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,96925,96926,96928,96930,96932],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,96927,121],{"class":120},[55,96929,103],{"class":69},[55,96931,15816],{"class":99},[55,96933,114],{"class":69},[20,96935,96936],{},[1966,96937,302],{},[46,96939,96940],{"className":48,"code":1313,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,96941,96942],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96943,96944],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96945,1313],{"class":1312},[20,96947,96948],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[142,96950,96952],{"id":96951},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96954,96955],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[155,96957,96958,96960,96962,96964],{},[158,96959,56588],{},[158,96961,56591],{},[158,96963,96368],{},[158,96965,40736],{},[20,96967,230],{},[46,96969,96971],{"className":48,"code":96970,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96972,96973,96983,96987,97001,97019,97037,97051,97055],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96974,96975,96977,96979,96981],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96976,1026],{"class":61},[55,96978,66],{"class":65},[55,96980,15783],{"class":1898},[55,96982,8804],{"class":69},[55,96984,96985],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,96986,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,96988,96989,96991,96993,96995,96997,96999],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,96990,1057],{"class":61},[55,96992,44],{"class":69},[55,96994,82088],{"class":99},[55,96996,103],{"class":69},[55,96998,800],{"class":73},[55,97000,114],{"class":69},[55,97002,97003,97005,97007,97009,97011,97013,97015,97017],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,97004,1057],{"class":61},[55,97006,44],{"class":69},[55,97008,82088],{"class":99},[55,97010,103],{"class":69},[55,97012,248],{"class":247},[55,97014,4009],{"class":251},[55,97016,248],{"class":247},[55,97018,114],{"class":69},[55,97020,97021,97023,97025,97027,97029,97031,97033,97035],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,97022,1057],{"class":61},[55,97024,44],{"class":69},[55,97026,82088],{"class":99},[55,97028,5669],{"class":69},[55,97030,74],{"class":73},[55,97032,77],{"class":69},[55,97034,80],{"class":73},[55,97036,1867],{"class":69},[55,97038,97039,97041,97043,97045,97047,97049],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,97040,1057],{"class":61},[55,97042,44],{"class":69},[55,97044,82088],{"class":99},[55,97046,103],{"class":69},[55,97048,3769],{"class":1312},[55,97050,114],{"class":69},[55,97052,97053],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,97054,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,97056,97057,97059,97061,97063],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,97058,121],{"class":120},[55,97060,103],{"class":69},[55,97062,1057],{"class":99},[55,97064,114],{"class":69},[20,97066,97067],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[155,97069,97070,97073,97076],{},[158,97071,97072],{},"Lists",[158,97074,97075],{},"Dictionaries",[158,97077,97078],{},"Sets",[20,97080,97081],{},"Example that causes an error:",[46,97083,97085],{"className":48,"code":97084,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97086,97087,97107],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97088,97089,97091,97093,97095,97097,97099,97101,97103,97105],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97090,1026],{"class":61},[55,97092,66],{"class":65},[55,97094,10652],{"class":69},[55,97096,74],{"class":73},[55,97098,77],{"class":69},[55,97100,80],{"class":73},[55,97102,77],{"class":69},[55,97104,111],{"class":73},[55,97106,9471],{"class":69},[55,97108,97109,97111,97113,97115,97117,97119,97121,97123],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,97110,1057],{"class":61},[55,97112,44],{"class":69},[55,97114,82088],{"class":99},[55,97116,3149],{"class":69},[55,97118,2665],{"class":73},[55,97120,77],{"class":69},[55,97122,4766],{"class":73},[55,97124,1777],{"class":69},[20,97126,97127],{},[1966,97128,29825],{},[46,97130,97132],{"className":48,"code":97131,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97133,97134],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97135,97136,97138,97140,97143,97145,97147,97149,97151],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97137,3168],{"class":1898},[55,97139,153],{"class":69},[55,97141,97142],{"class":61}," unhashable ",[55,97144,1910],{"class":1898},[55,97146,153],{"class":69},[55,97148,324],{"class":247},[55,97150,1899],{"class":251},[55,97152,29844],{"class":247},[20,97154,97155],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97157,97158,97159,44],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97160,97161],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[142,97163,2992],{"id":2991},[20,97165,1214,97166,153],{},[15,97167,96193],{},[155,97169,97170,97175,97180,97183,97190],{},[158,97171,8578,97172,97174],{},[15,97173,96188],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[158,97176,1553,97177,97179],{},[15,97178,96188],{}," to return the updated set",[158,97181,97182],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[158,97184,37343,97185,97187,97188],{},[15,97186,96193],{}," with list ",[15,97189,42],{},[158,97191,97192],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97194,71488],{},[46,97196,97198],{"className":48,"code":97197,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97199,97200,97210,97224,97234,97248],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97201,97202,97204,97206,97208],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97203,121],{"class":120},[55,97205,103],{"class":69},[55,97207,15816],{"class":99},[55,97209,114],{"class":69},[55,97211,97212,97214,97216,97218,97220,97222],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,97213,121],{"class":120},[55,97215,103],{"class":69},[55,97217,1910],{"class":1898},[55,97219,103],{"class":69},[55,97221,15816],{"class":99},[55,97223,1867],{"class":69},[55,97225,97226,97228,97230,97232],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,97227,121],{"class":120},[55,97229,103],{"class":69},[55,97231,2633],{"class":99},[55,97233,114],{"class":69},[55,97235,97236,97238,97240,97242,97244,97246],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,97237,121],{"class":120},[55,97239,103],{"class":69},[55,97241,1910],{"class":1898},[55,97243,103],{"class":69},[55,97245,2633],{"class":99},[55,97247,1867],{"class":69},[55,97249,97250,97252,97254,97256,97258,97260],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,97251,1893],{"class":120},[55,97253,103],{"class":69},[55,97255,6445],{"class":1898},[55,97257,44],{"class":69},[55,97259,82088],{"class":1880},[55,97261,114],{"class":69},[20,97263,97264,97265,97267,97268,44],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97266,96193],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[36,97269,1207],{"href":97270},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[142,97272,1986],{"id":1985},[577,97274,1990,97276,97278],{"id":97275},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97277,96193],{}," return a new set?",[20,97280,97281,97282,44],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97283,172],{},[577,97285,97287],{"id":97286},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97289,97290],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[577,97292,97294],{"id":97293},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97296,31,97297,11252,97300,44],{},[15,97298,97299],{},"set.update()",[15,97301,96188],{},[577,97303,97305],{"id":97304},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97307,97308,97309,44],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97310,3168],{},[142,97312,2039],{"id":2038},[155,97314,97315,97319,97324],{},[158,97316,97317],{},[36,97318,96313],{"href":96312},[158,97320,97321],{},[36,97322,97323],{"href":96316},"How to create a set in Python",[158,97325,97326],{},[36,97327,96799,97328,43],{"href":96798},[15,97329,15103],{},[20,97331,97332,97333,97335],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97334,96188],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2080,97337,97338],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":97340},[97341,97342,97344,97345,97346,97347,97351,97355,97356,97357,97364],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":96285,"depth":91,"text":97343},"What set.add() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":96528,"depth":91,"text":96529},{"id":96619,"depth":91,"text":97348,"children":97349},"add() vs update()",[97350],{"id":96779,"depth":117,"text":96780},{"id":17568,"depth":91,"text":17569,"children":97352},[97353,97354],{"id":96818,"depth":117,"text":96819},{"id":61893,"depth":117,"text":96875},{"id":96951,"depth":91,"text":96952},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":97358},[97359,97361,97362,97363],{"id":97275,"depth":117,"text":97360},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97286,"depth":117,"text":97287},{"id":97293,"depth":117,"text":97294},{"id":97304,"depth":117,"text":97305},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96179,"description":97365},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97372,"title":97373,"body":97374,"description":98543,"extension":2124,"meta":98544,"navigation":428,"path":98545,"seo":98546,"stem":98547,"__hash__":98548},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97375,"toc":98510},[97376,97381,97387,97394,97439,97441,97452,97457,97462,97466,97480,97485,97487,97489,97504,97506,97520,97522,97524,97589,97591,97601,97603,97621,97627,97634,97639,97713,97715,97732,97738,97743,97814,97816,97843,97860,97863,97869,97871,97878,97882,97949,97951,97966,97969,98022,98024,98032,98044,98046,98050,98055,98057,98106,98108,98116,98118,98163,98165,98175,98181,98189,98202,98208,98210,98239,98241,98259,98263,98266,98297,98299,98317,98321,98396,98398,98414,98421,98423,98428,98433,98439,98442,98446,98454,98461,98469,98471,98507],[10,97377,96185,97379,18],{"id":97378},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97380,11481],{},[20,97382,97383,97386],{},[15,97384,97385],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97388,97389,97390,97393],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[1966,97391,97392],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[46,97395,97397],{"className":48,"code":97396,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97398,97399,97419,97429],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97400,97401,97403,97405,97407,97409,97411,97413,97415,97417],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97402,62],{"class":61},[55,97404,66],{"class":65},[55,97406,10652],{"class":69},[55,97408,74],{"class":73},[55,97410,77],{"class":69},[55,97412,80],{"class":73},[55,97414,77],{"class":69},[55,97416,111],{"class":73},[55,97418,9471],{"class":69},[55,97420,97421,97423,97425,97427],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,97422,94],{"class":61},[55,97424,44],{"class":69},[55,97426,11542],{"class":99},[55,97428,8804],{"class":69},[55,97430,97431,97433,97435,97437],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,97432,121],{"class":120},[55,97434,103],{"class":69},[55,97436,94],{"class":99},[55,97438,114],{"class":69},[20,97440,302],{},[46,97442,97444],{"className":48,"code":97443,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set()\n",[15,97445,97446],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97447,97448,97450],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97449,6445],{"class":1898},[55,97451,8804],{"class":69},[20,97453,97454,97456],{},[15,97455,11481],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[142,97458,145,97460,148],{"id":97459},"what-setclear-does",[15,97461,97385],{},[20,97463,568,97464,11572],{},[15,97465,11481],{},[155,97467,97468,97471,97473,97477],{},[158,97469,97470],{},"Removes every item from a set",[158,97472,96300],{},[158,97474,169,97475],{},[15,97476,172],{},[158,97478,97479],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97481,96309,97482,71587],{},[36,97483,96313],{"href":97484},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[142,97486,2319],{"id":2318},[20,97488,54576],{},[46,97490,97492],{"className":48,"code":97491,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97493,97494],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97495,97496,97498,97500,97502],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97497,15816],{"class":61},[55,97499,44],{"class":69},[55,97501,11542],{"class":99},[55,97503,8804],{"class":69},[20,97505,13208],{},[155,97507,97508,97511,97514,97517],{},[158,97509,97510],{},"It takes no arguments",[158,97512,97513],{},"It empties the set",[158,97515,97516],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[158,97518,97519],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[142,97521,11634],{"id":11633},[20,97523,11637],{},[46,97525,97527],{"className":48,"code":97526,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97528,97529,97561,97565,97575,97579],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97530,97531,97533,97535,97537,97539,97541,97543,97545,97547,97549,97551,97553,97555,97557,97559],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97532,372],{"class":61},[55,97534,66],{"class":65},[55,97536,10652],{"class":69},[55,97538,248],{"class":247},[55,97540,381],{"class":251},[55,97542,248],{"class":247},[55,97544,77],{"class":69},[55,97546,258],{"class":247},[55,97548,399],{"class":251},[55,97550,248],{"class":247},[55,97552,77],{"class":69},[55,97554,258],{"class":247},[55,97556,390],{"class":251},[55,97558,248],{"class":247},[55,97560,9471],{"class":69},[55,97562,97563],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,97564,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,97566,97567,97569,97571,97573],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,97568,434],{"class":61},[55,97570,44],{"class":69},[55,97572,11542],{"class":99},[55,97574,8804],{"class":69},[55,97576,97577],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,97578,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,97580,97581,97583,97585,97587],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,97582,121],{"class":120},[55,97584,103],{"class":69},[55,97586,434],{"class":99},[55,97588,114],{"class":69},[20,97590,302],{},[46,97592,97593],{"className":48,"code":97443,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,97594,97595],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97596,97597,97599],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97598,6445],{"class":1898},[55,97600,8804],{"class":69},[20,97602,11840],{},[155,97604,97605,97610,97615],{},[158,97606,97607,97609],{},[15,97608,434],{}," starts with three values",[158,97611,97612,11853],{},[15,97613,97614],{},"colors.clear()",[158,97616,97617,97618,97620],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97619,3960],{},", which means an empty set",[142,97622,97624,97626],{"id":97623},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97625,11481],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97628,97629,352,97631,97633],{},[15,97630,11481],{},[15,97632,3960],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[577,97635,8578,97637],{"id":97636},"using-clear",[15,97638,11481],{},[46,97640,97642],{"className":48,"code":97641,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97643,97644,97664,97674,97678,97688,97692,97702],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97645,97646,97648,97650,97652,97654,97656,97658,97660,97662],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97647,1026],{"class":61},[55,97649,66],{"class":65},[55,97651,10652],{"class":69},[55,97653,74],{"class":73},[55,97655,77],{"class":69},[55,97657,80],{"class":73},[55,97659,77],{"class":69},[55,97661,111],{"class":73},[55,97663,9471],{"class":69},[55,97665,97666,97669,97671],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,97667,97668],{"class":61},"other_name ",[55,97670,66],{"class":65},[55,97672,97673],{"class":61}," items\n",[55,97675,97676],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,97677,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,97679,97680,97682,97684,97686],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,97681,1057],{"class":61},[55,97683,44],{"class":69},[55,97685,11542],{"class":99},[55,97687,8804],{"class":69},[55,97689,97690],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,97691,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,97693,97694,97696,97698,97700],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,97695,121],{"class":120},[55,97697,103],{"class":69},[55,97699,1057],{"class":99},[55,97701,114],{"class":69},[55,97703,97704,97706,97708,97711],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,97705,121],{"class":120},[55,97707,103],{"class":69},[55,97709,97710],{"class":99},"other_name",[55,97712,114],{"class":69},[20,97714,302],{},[46,97716,97718],{"className":48,"code":97717,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97719,97720,97726],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97721,97722,97724],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97723,6445],{"class":1898},[55,97725,8804],{"class":69},[55,97727,97728,97730],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,97729,6445],{"class":1898},[55,97731,8804],{"class":69},[20,97733,97734,97735,44],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[1966,97736,97737],{},"same set object",[577,97739,8578,97741],{"id":97740},"using-set",[15,97742,3960],{},[46,97744,97746],{"className":48,"code":97745,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97747,97748,97768,97776,97780,97790,97794,97804],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97749,97750,97752,97754,97756,97758,97760,97762,97764,97766],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97751,1026],{"class":61},[55,97753,66],{"class":65},[55,97755,10652],{"class":69},[55,97757,74],{"class":73},[55,97759,77],{"class":69},[55,97761,80],{"class":73},[55,97763,77],{"class":69},[55,97765,111],{"class":73},[55,97767,9471],{"class":69},[55,97769,97770,97772,97774],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,97771,97668],{"class":61},[55,97773,66],{"class":65},[55,97775,97673],{"class":61},[55,97777,97778],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,97779,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,97781,97782,97784,97786,97788],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,97783,1026],{"class":61},[55,97785,66],{"class":65},[55,97787,15783],{"class":1898},[55,97789,8804],{"class":69},[55,97791,97792],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,97793,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,97795,97796,97798,97800,97802],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,97797,121],{"class":120},[55,97799,103],{"class":69},[55,97801,1057],{"class":99},[55,97803,114],{"class":69},[55,97805,97806,97808,97810,97812],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,97807,121],{"class":120},[55,97809,103],{"class":69},[55,97811,97710],{"class":99},[55,97813,114],{"class":69},[20,97815,302],{},[46,97817,97819],{"className":48,"code":97818,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97820,97821,97827],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97822,97823,97825],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97824,6445],{"class":1898},[55,97826,8804],{"class":69},[55,97828,97829,97831,97833,97835,97837,97839,97841],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,97830,9440],{"class":69},[55,97832,74],{"class":73},[55,97834,77],{"class":69},[55,97836,80],{"class":73},[55,97838,77],{"class":69},[55,97840,111],{"class":73},[55,97842,9471],{"class":69},[20,97844,341,97845,93077,97848,97851,97852,44,97854,97856,97857,97859],{},[15,97846,97847],{},"items = set()",[1966,97849,97850],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97853,1057],{},[10008,97855],{},"\nBut ",[15,97858,97710],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97861,97862],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97864,97865,97866,44],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[36,97867,96317],{"href":97868},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[142,97870,17569],{"id":17568},[20,97872,97873,14204,97875,97877],{},[15,97874,11481],{},[1966,97876,1968],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97879,5309,97880,44],{},[15,97881,172],{},[46,97883,97885],{"className":48,"code":97884,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97886,97887,97907,97911,97925,97929,97939],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97888,97889,97891,97893,97895,97897,97899,97901,97903,97905],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97890,62],{"class":61},[55,97892,66],{"class":65},[55,97894,10652],{"class":69},[55,97896,74],{"class":73},[55,97898,77],{"class":69},[55,97900,80],{"class":73},[55,97902,77],{"class":69},[55,97904,111],{"class":73},[55,97906,9471],{"class":69},[55,97908,97909],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,97910,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,97912,97913,97915,97917,97919,97921,97923],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,97914,1255],{"class":61},[55,97916,66],{"class":65},[55,97918,1260],{"class":61},[55,97920,44],{"class":69},[55,97922,11542],{"class":99},[55,97924,8804],{"class":69},[55,97926,97927],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,97928,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,97930,97931,97933,97935,97937],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,97932,121],{"class":120},[55,97934,103],{"class":69},[55,97936,1288],{"class":99},[55,97938,114],{"class":69},[55,97940,97941,97943,97945,97947],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,97942,121],{"class":120},[55,97944,103],{"class":69},[55,97946,94],{"class":99},[55,97948,114],{"class":69},[20,97950,302],{},[46,97952,97954],{"className":48,"code":97953,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\nset()\n",[15,97955,97956,97960],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97957,97958],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97959,1313],{"class":1312},[55,97961,97962,97964],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,97963,6445],{"class":1898},[55,97965,8804],{"class":69},[20,97967,97968],{},"Do not do this:",[46,97970,97972],{"className":48,"code":97971,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97973,97974,97994,98008,98012],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97975,97976,97978,97980,97982,97984,97986,97988,97990,97992],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97977,62],{"class":61},[55,97979,66],{"class":65},[55,97981,10652],{"class":69},[55,97983,74],{"class":73},[55,97985,77],{"class":69},[55,97987,80],{"class":73},[55,97989,77],{"class":69},[55,97991,111],{"class":73},[55,97993,9471],{"class":69},[55,97995,97996,97998,98000,98002,98004,98006],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,97997,62],{"class":61},[55,97999,66],{"class":65},[55,98001,1260],{"class":61},[55,98003,44],{"class":69},[55,98005,11542],{"class":99},[55,98007,8804],{"class":69},[55,98009,98010],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,98011,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,98013,98014,98016,98018,98020],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,98015,121],{"class":120},[55,98017,103],{"class":69},[55,98019,94],{"class":99},[55,98021,114],{"class":69},[20,98023,302],{},[46,98025,98026],{"className":48,"code":1313,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,98027,98028],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98029,98030],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98031,1313],{"class":1312},[20,98033,22336,98034,2558,98036,98038,98039,98041,98042,44],{},[15,98035,54689],{},[15,98037,172],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98040,172],{}," back to ",[15,98043,94],{},[142,98045,1211],{"id":1210},[20,98047,10907,98048,44],{},[15,98049,97385],{},[577,98051,1220,98053],{"id":98052},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98054,11481],{},[20,98056,1343],{},[46,98058,98060],{"className":48,"code":98059,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98061,98062,98082,98096],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98063,98064,98066,98068,98070,98072,98074,98076,98078,98080],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98065,15778],{"class":61},[55,98067,66],{"class":65},[55,98069,10652],{"class":69},[55,98071,74],{"class":73},[55,98073,77],{"class":69},[55,98075,80],{"class":73},[55,98077,77],{"class":69},[55,98079,111],{"class":73},[55,98081,9471],{"class":69},[55,98083,98084,98086,98088,98090,98092,98094],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,98085,15778],{"class":61},[55,98087,66],{"class":65},[55,98089,96909],{"class":61},[55,98091,44],{"class":69},[55,98093,11542],{"class":99},[55,98095,8804],{"class":69},[55,98097,98098,98100,98102,98104],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,98099,121],{"class":120},[55,98101,103],{"class":69},[55,98103,15816],{"class":99},[55,98105,114],{"class":69},[20,98107,302],{},[46,98109,98110],{"className":48,"code":1313,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,98111,98112],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98113,98114],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98115,1313],{"class":1312},[20,98117,16805],{},[46,98119,98121],{"className":48,"code":98120,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98122,98123,98143,98153],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98124,98125,98127,98129,98131,98133,98135,98137,98139,98141],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98126,15778],{"class":61},[55,98128,66],{"class":65},[55,98130,10652],{"class":69},[55,98132,74],{"class":73},[55,98134,77],{"class":69},[55,98136,80],{"class":73},[55,98138,77],{"class":69},[55,98140,111],{"class":73},[55,98142,9471],{"class":69},[55,98144,98145,98147,98149,98151],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,98146,15816],{"class":61},[55,98148,44],{"class":69},[55,98150,11542],{"class":99},[55,98152,8804],{"class":69},[55,98154,98155,98157,98159,98161],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,98156,121],{"class":120},[55,98158,103],{"class":69},[55,98160,15816],{"class":99},[55,98162,114],{"class":69},[20,98164,302],{},[46,98166,98167],{"className":48,"code":97443,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,98168,98169],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98170,98171,98173],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98172,6445],{"class":1898},[55,98174,8804],{"class":69},[577,98176,1553,98178,98180],{"id":98177},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98179,11481],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98182,98183,98185,98186,98188],{},[15,98184,11481],{}," removes ",[1966,98187,3879],{}," items from the set.",[20,98190,98191,98192,3041,98197,44],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[36,98193,98195],{"href":98194},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98196,55656],{},[36,98198,98200],{"href":98199},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98201,12918],{},[577,98203,8578,98205,98207],{"id":98204},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98206,3955],{}," for an empty set",[20,98209,1225],{},[46,98211,98213],{"className":48,"code":98212,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98214,98215,98224],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98216,98217,98220,98222],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98218,98219],{"class":61},"empty_value ",[55,98221,66],{"class":65},[55,98223,10000],{"class":69},[55,98225,98226,98228,98230,98232,98234,98237],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,98227,121],{"class":120},[55,98229,103],{"class":69},[55,98231,1910],{"class":1898},[55,98233,103],{"class":69},[55,98235,98236],{"class":99},"empty_value",[55,98238,1867],{"class":69},[20,98240,302],{},[46,98242,98243],{"className":48,"code":8970,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,98244,98245],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98246,98247,98249,98251,98253,98255,98257],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98248,3454],{"class":65},[55,98250,3457],{"class":2226},[55,98252,324],{"class":247},[55,98254,8983],{"class":251},[55,98256,315],{"class":247},[55,98258,3466],{"class":65},[20,98260,98261,8950],{},[15,98262,3955],{},[20,98264,98265],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[46,98267,98269],{"className":48,"code":98268,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98270,98271,98282],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98272,98273,98276,98278,98280],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98274,98275],{"class":61},"empty_set ",[55,98277,66],{"class":65},[55,98279,15783],{"class":1898},[55,98281,8804],{"class":69},[55,98283,98284,98286,98288,98290,98292,98295],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,98285,121],{"class":120},[55,98287,103],{"class":69},[55,98289,1910],{"class":1898},[55,98291,103],{"class":69},[55,98293,98294],{"class":99},"empty_set",[55,98296,1867],{"class":69},[20,98298,302],{},[46,98300,98301],{"className":48,"code":9014,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,98302,98303],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98304,98305,98307,98309,98311,98313,98315],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98306,3454],{"class":65},[55,98308,3457],{"class":2226},[55,98310,324],{"class":247},[55,98312,6445],{"class":251},[55,98314,315],{"class":247},[55,98316,3466],{"class":65},[577,98318,98320],{"id":98319},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[46,98322,98324],{"className":48,"code":98323,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98325,98326,98350,98358,98362,98372,98376,98386],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98327,98328,98330,98332,98334,98336,98338,98340,98342,98344,98346,98348],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98329,2715],{"class":61},[55,98331,66],{"class":65},[55,98333,10652],{"class":69},[55,98335,248],{"class":247},[55,98337,2336],{"class":251},[55,98339,248],{"class":247},[55,98341,77],{"class":69},[55,98343,258],{"class":247},[55,98345,11902],{"class":251},[55,98347,248],{"class":247},[55,98349,9471],{"class":69},[55,98351,98352,98354,98356],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,98353,2743],{"class":61},[55,98355,66],{"class":65},[55,98357,36314],{"class":61},[55,98359,98360],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,98361,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,98363,98364,98366,98368,98370],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,98365,36],{"class":61},[55,98367,44],{"class":69},[55,98369,11542],{"class":99},[55,98371,8804],{"class":69},[55,98373,98374],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,98375,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,98377,98378,98380,98382,98384],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,98379,121],{"class":120},[55,98381,103],{"class":69},[55,98383,36],{"class":99},[55,98385,114],{"class":69},[55,98387,98388,98390,98392,98394],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,98389,121],{"class":120},[55,98391,103],{"class":69},[55,98393,285],{"class":99},[55,98395,114],{"class":69},[20,98397,302],{},[46,98399,98400],{"className":48,"code":97717,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,98401,98402,98408],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98403,98404,98406],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98405,6445],{"class":1898},[55,98407,8804],{"class":69},[55,98409,98410,98412],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,98411,6445],{"class":1898},[55,98413,8804],{"class":69},[20,98415,29206,98416,352,98418,98420],{},[15,98417,36],{},[15,98419,285],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[142,98422,1986],{"id":1985},[577,98424,5303,98426,5306],{"id":98425},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98427,97385],{},[20,98429,5309,98430,98432],{},[15,98431,172],{},". It empties the set in place.",[577,98434,1990,98436,98438],{"id":98435},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98437,11481],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98440,98441],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[577,98443,98445],{"id":98444},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98447,98448,98449,98451,98452,44],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98450,11481],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98453,3960],{},[577,98455,2022,98457,352,98459,2027],{"id":98456},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98458,11481],{},[15,98460,3960],{},[20,98462,98463,98465,98466,98468],{},[15,98464,11481],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98467,3960],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[142,98470,2039],{"id":2038},[155,98472,98473,98477,98481,98488,98494,98500],{},[158,98474,98475],{},[36,98476,96313],{"href":97484},[158,98478,98479],{},[36,98480,97323],{"href":97868},[158,98482,98483],{},[36,98484,96799,98486,43],{"href":98485},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98487,96188],{},[158,98489,98490],{},[36,98491,96799,98492,43],{"href":98194},[15,98493,55656],{},[158,98495,98496],{},[36,98497,96799,98498,43],{"href":98199},[15,98499,12918],{},[158,98501,98502],{},[36,98503,96799,98505,43],{"href":98504},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98506,15103],{},[2080,98508,98509],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":98511},[98512,98514,98515,98516,98523,98524,98533,98542],{"id":97459,"depth":91,"text":98513},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":97623,"depth":91,"text":98517,"children":98518},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98519,98521],{"id":97636,"depth":117,"text":98520},"Using clear()",{"id":97740,"depth":117,"text":98522},"Using set()",{"id":17568,"depth":91,"text":17569},{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":98525},[98526,98528,98530,98532],{"id":98052,"depth":117,"text":98527},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98177,"depth":117,"text":98529},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98204,"depth":117,"text":98531},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98319,"depth":117,"text":98320},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":98534},[98535,98537,98539,98540],{"id":98425,"depth":117,"text":98536},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98435,"depth":117,"text":98538},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98444,"depth":117,"text":98445},{"id":98456,"depth":117,"text":98541},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97373,"description":98543},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98550,"title":98551,"body":98552,"description":100384,"extension":2124,"meta":100385,"navigation":428,"path":96316,"seo":100386,"stem":100387,"__hash__":100388},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98553,"toc":100341},[98554,98557,98560,98563,98565,98668,98672,98719,98725,98727,98746,98750,98753,98755,98769,98778,98782,98785,98820,98824,98844,98847,98851,98854,98915,98919,98944,98951,98957,98962,98964,98976,98980,99029,99033,99057,99064,99068,99109,99113,99134,99138,99171,99175,99216,99219,99223,99228,99267,99271,99296,99301,99307,99344,99348,99371,99375,99377,99380,99383,99460,99464,99501,99504,99508,99514,99517,99527,99576,99582,99588,99615,99618,99640,99642,99673,99676,99680,99684,99723,99727,99790,99793,99826,99830,99855,99857,99860,99866,99869,99896,99899,99917,99921,99925,99928,99971,99974,99978,99981,99984,100014,100017,100021,100024,100039,100044,100048,100051,100140,100142,100145,100235,100238,100256,100258,100262,100272,100276,100284,100288,100291,100295,100298,100302,100305,100307,100335,100338],[10,98555,98551],{"id":98556},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98558,98559],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98561,98562],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[142,98564,3774],{"id":3773},[46,98566,98568],{"className":48,"code":98567,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98569,98570,98590,98624,98634,98638,98648,98658],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98571,98572,98574,98576,98578,98580,98582,98584,98586,98588],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98573,62],{"class":61},[55,98575,66],{"class":65},[55,98577,10652],{"class":69},[55,98579,74],{"class":73},[55,98581,77],{"class":69},[55,98583,80],{"class":73},[55,98585,77],{"class":69},[55,98587,111],{"class":73},[55,98589,9471],{"class":69},[55,98591,98592,98594,98596,98598,98600,98602,98604,98606,98608,98610,98612,98614,98616,98618,98620,98622],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,98593,4234],{"class":61},[55,98595,66],{"class":65},[55,98597,15783],{"class":1898},[55,98599,3149],{"class":69},[55,98601,248],{"class":247},[55,98603,1035],{"class":251},[55,98605,248],{"class":247},[55,98607,77],{"class":69},[55,98609,258],{"class":247},[55,98611,1072],{"class":251},[55,98613,248],{"class":247},[55,98615,77],{"class":69},[55,98617,258],{"class":247},[55,98619,1035],{"class":251},[55,98621,248],{"class":247},[55,98623,1777],{"class":69},[55,98625,98626,98628,98630,98632],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,98627,98275],{"class":61},[55,98629,66],{"class":65},[55,98631,15783],{"class":1898},[55,98633,8804],{"class":69},[55,98635,98636],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,98637,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,98639,98640,98642,98644,98646],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,98641,121],{"class":120},[55,98643,103],{"class":69},[55,98645,94],{"class":99},[55,98647,114],{"class":69},[55,98649,98650,98652,98654,98656],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,98651,121],{"class":120},[55,98653,103],{"class":69},[55,98655,4276],{"class":99},[55,98657,114],{"class":69},[55,98659,98660,98662,98664,98666],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,98661,121],{"class":120},[55,98663,103],{"class":69},[55,98665,98294],{"class":99},[55,98667,114],{"class":69},[20,98669,98670],{},[1966,98671,302],{},[46,98673,98675],{"className":48,"code":98674,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98676,98677,98693,98713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98678,98679,98681,98683,98685,98687,98689,98691],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98680,9440],{"class":69},[55,98682,74],{"class":73},[55,98684,77],{"class":69},[55,98686,80],{"class":73},[55,98688,77],{"class":69},[55,98690,111],{"class":73},[55,98692,9471],{"class":69},[55,98694,98695,98697,98699,98701,98703,98705,98707,98709,98711],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,98696,9440],{"class":69},[55,98698,315],{"class":247},[55,98700,1072],{"class":251},[55,98702,315],{"class":247},[55,98704,77],{"class":69},[55,98706,324],{"class":247},[55,98708,1035],{"class":251},[55,98710,315],{"class":247},[55,98712,9471],{"class":69},[55,98714,98715,98717],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,98716,6445],{"class":1898},[55,98718,8804],{"class":69},[20,98720,98721,98722,98724],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98723,3960],{}," for an empty set.",[142,98726,15312],{"id":15311},[155,98728,98729,98732,98737,98740,98743],{},[158,98730,98731],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[158,98733,98734,98735],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98736,3960],{},[158,98738,98739],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[158,98741,98742],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[158,98744,98745],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[142,98747,98749],{"id":98748},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98751,98752],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98754,30684],{},[155,98756,98757,98760,98763,98766],{},[158,98758,98759],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[158,98761,98762],{},"Sets are unordered",[158,98764,98765],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[158,98767,98768],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98770,98771,98772,3041,98774,44],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[36,98773,96313],{"href":97484},[36,98775,98777],{"href":98776},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[142,98779,98781],{"id":98780},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98783,98784],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[46,98786,98788],{"className":48,"code":98787,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98789,98790,98810],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98791,98792,98794,98796,98798,98800,98802,98804,98806,98808],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98793,62],{"class":61},[55,98795,66],{"class":65},[55,98797,10652],{"class":69},[55,98799,74],{"class":73},[55,98801,77],{"class":69},[55,98803,80],{"class":73},[55,98805,77],{"class":69},[55,98807,111],{"class":73},[55,98809,9471],{"class":69},[55,98811,98812,98814,98816,98818],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,98813,121],{"class":120},[55,98815,103],{"class":69},[55,98817,94],{"class":99},[55,98819,114],{"class":69},[20,98821,98822],{},[1966,98823,30174],{},[46,98825,98826],{"className":48,"code":96592,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,98827,98828],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98829,98830,98832,98834,98836,98838,98840,98842],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98831,9440],{"class":69},[55,98833,74],{"class":73},[55,98835,77],{"class":69},[55,98837,80],{"class":73},[55,98839,77],{"class":69},[55,98841,111],{"class":73},[55,98843,9471],{"class":69},[20,98845,98846],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[577,98848,98850],{"id":98849},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98852,98853],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[46,98855,98857],{"className":48,"code":98856,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98858,98859,98891,98901],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98860,98861,98863,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873,98875,98877,98879,98881,98883,98885,98887,98889],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98862,62],{"class":61},[55,98864,66],{"class":65},[55,98866,10652],{"class":69},[55,98868,74],{"class":73},[55,98870,77],{"class":69},[55,98872,80],{"class":73},[55,98874,77],{"class":69},[55,98876,80],{"class":73},[55,98878,77],{"class":69},[55,98880,111],{"class":73},[55,98882,77],{"class":69},[55,98884,111],{"class":73},[55,98886,77],{"class":69},[55,98888,111],{"class":73},[55,98890,9471],{"class":69},[55,98892,98893,98895,98897,98899],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,98894,121],{"class":120},[55,98896,103],{"class":69},[55,98898,94],{"class":99},[55,98900,114],{"class":69},[55,98902,98903,98905,98907,98909,98911,98913],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,98904,121],{"class":120},[55,98906,103],{"class":69},[55,98908,1860],{"class":120},[55,98910,103],{"class":69},[55,98912,94],{"class":99},[55,98914,1867],{"class":69},[20,98916,98917],{},[1966,98918,30174],{},[46,98920,98922],{"className":48,"code":98921,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98923,98924,98940],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98925,98926,98928,98930,98932,98934,98936,98938],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98927,9440],{"class":69},[55,98929,74],{"class":73},[55,98931,77],{"class":69},[55,98933,80],{"class":73},[55,98935,77],{"class":69},[55,98937,111],{"class":73},[55,98939,9471],{"class":69},[55,98941,98942],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,98943,46760],{"class":73},[20,98945,21124,98946,352,98948,98950],{},[15,98947,106],{},[15,98949,2223],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[142,98952,98954,98955],{"id":98953},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98956,3960],{},[20,98958,31,98959,98961],{},[15,98960,3960],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98963,5616],{},[155,98965,98966,98968,98970,98972],{},[158,98967,97072],{},[158,98969,96368],{},[158,98971,56591],{},[158,98973,98974],{},[15,98975,36337],{},[577,98977,98979],{"id":98978},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[46,98981,98983],{"className":48,"code":98982,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98984,98985,99019],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98986,98987,98989,98991,98993,98995,98997,98999,99001,99003,99005,99007,99009,99011,99013,99015,99017],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98988,62],{"class":61},[55,98990,66],{"class":65},[55,98992,15783],{"class":1898},[55,98994,3149],{"class":69},[55,98996,74],{"class":73},[55,98998,77],{"class":69},[55,99000,80],{"class":73},[55,99002,77],{"class":69},[55,99004,80],{"class":73},[55,99006,77],{"class":69},[55,99008,111],{"class":73},[55,99010,77],{"class":69},[55,99012,111],{"class":73},[55,99014,77],{"class":69},[55,99016,85],{"class":73},[55,99018,1777],{"class":69},[55,99020,99021,99023,99025,99027],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,99022,121],{"class":120},[55,99024,103],{"class":69},[55,99026,94],{"class":99},[55,99028,114],{"class":69},[20,99030,99031],{},[1966,99032,30174],{},[46,99034,99035],{"className":48,"code":96255,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,99036,99037],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99038,99039,99041,99043,99045,99047,99049,99051,99053,99055],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99040,9440],{"class":69},[55,99042,74],{"class":73},[55,99044,77],{"class":69},[55,99046,80],{"class":73},[55,99048,77],{"class":69},[55,99050,111],{"class":73},[55,99052,77],{"class":69},[55,99054,85],{"class":73},[55,99056,9471],{"class":69},[20,99058,99059,99060,44],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[36,99061,99063],{"href":99062},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[577,99065,99067],{"id":99066},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[46,99069,99071],{"className":48,"code":99070,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99072,99073,99099],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99074,99075,99077,99079,99081,99083,99085,99087,99089,99091,99093,99095,99097],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99076,3986],{"class":61},[55,99078,66],{"class":65},[55,99080,15783],{"class":1898},[55,99082,5669],{"class":69},[55,99084,800],{"class":73},[55,99086,77],{"class":69},[55,99088,7951],{"class":73},[55,99090,77],{"class":69},[55,99092,7951],{"class":73},[55,99094,77],{"class":69},[55,99096,7956],{"class":73},[55,99098,1867],{"class":69},[55,99100,99101,99103,99105,99107],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,99102,121],{"class":120},[55,99104,103],{"class":69},[55,99106,5519],{"class":99},[55,99108,114],{"class":69},[20,99110,99111],{},[1966,99112,30174],{},[46,99114,99116],{"className":48,"code":99115,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99117,99118],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99119,99120,99122,99124,99126,99128,99130,99132],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99121,9440],{"class":69},[55,99123,800],{"class":73},[55,99125,77],{"class":69},[55,99127,7951],{"class":73},[55,99129,77],{"class":69},[55,99131,7956],{"class":73},[55,99133,9471],{"class":69},[577,99135,99137],{"id":99136},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[46,99139,99141],{"className":48,"code":99140,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99142,99143,99161],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99144,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157,99159],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99146,240],{"class":61},[55,99148,66],{"class":65},[55,99150,15783],{"class":1898},[55,99152,103],{"class":69},[55,99154,248],{"class":247},[55,99156,4009],{"class":251},[55,99158,248],{"class":247},[55,99160,114],{"class":69},[55,99162,99163,99165,99167,99169],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,99164,121],{"class":120},[55,99166,103],{"class":69},[55,99168,270],{"class":99},[55,99170,114],{"class":69},[20,99172,99173],{},[1966,99174,30174],{},[46,99176,99178],{"className":48,"code":99177,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99179,99180],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99181,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99183,9440],{"class":69},[55,99185,315],{"class":247},[55,99187,60562],{"class":251},[55,99189,315],{"class":247},[55,99191,77],{"class":69},[55,99193,324],{"class":247},[55,99195,60571],{"class":251},[55,99197,315],{"class":247},[55,99199,77],{"class":69},[55,99201,324],{"class":247},[55,99203,60580],{"class":251},[55,99205,315],{"class":247},[55,99207,77],{"class":69},[55,99209,324],{"class":247},[55,99211,60597],{"class":251},[55,99213,315],{"class":247},[55,99215,9471],{"class":69},[20,99217,99218],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[142,99220,99222],{"id":99221},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99224,99225,99226,44],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99227,3960],{},[46,99229,99231],{"className":48,"code":99230,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99232,99233,99243,99253],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99234,99235,99237,99239,99241],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99236,98275],{"class":61},[55,99238,66],{"class":65},[55,99240,15783],{"class":1898},[55,99242,8804],{"class":69},[55,99244,99245,99247,99249,99251],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,99246,121],{"class":120},[55,99248,103],{"class":69},[55,99250,98294],{"class":99},[55,99252,114],{"class":69},[55,99254,99255,99257,99259,99261,99263,99265],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,99256,121],{"class":120},[55,99258,103],{"class":69},[55,99260,1910],{"class":1898},[55,99262,103],{"class":69},[55,99264,98294],{"class":99},[55,99266,1867],{"class":69},[20,99268,99269],{},[1966,99270,302],{},[46,99272,99274],{"className":48,"code":99273,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99275,99276,99282],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99277,99278,99280],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99279,6445],{"class":1898},[55,99281,8804],{"class":69},[55,99283,99284,99286,99288,99290,99292,99294],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,99285,3454],{"class":65},[55,99287,3457],{"class":2226},[55,99289,324],{"class":247},[55,99291,6445],{"class":251},[55,99293,315],{"class":247},[55,99295,3466],{"class":65},[577,99297,44571,99299],{"id":99298},"do-not-use",[15,99300,3955],{},[20,99302,99303,99304,99306],{},"Empty braces do ",[1966,99305,1968],{}," create a set.",[46,99308,99310],{"className":48,"code":99309,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99311,99312,99320,99330],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99313,99314,99316,99318],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99315,98219],{"class":61},[55,99317,66],{"class":65},[55,99319,10000],{"class":69},[55,99321,99322,99324,99326,99328],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,99323,121],{"class":120},[55,99325,103],{"class":69},[55,99327,98236],{"class":99},[55,99329,114],{"class":69},[55,99331,99332,99334,99336,99338,99340,99342],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,99333,121],{"class":120},[55,99335,103],{"class":69},[55,99337,1910],{"class":1898},[55,99339,103],{"class":69},[55,99341,98236],{"class":99},[55,99343,1867],{"class":69},[20,99345,99346],{},[1966,99347,302],{},[46,99349,99351],{"className":48,"code":99350,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99352,99353,99357],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99354,99355],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99356,9597],{"class":69},[55,99358,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,99360,3454],{"class":65},[55,99362,3457],{"class":2226},[55,99364,324],{"class":247},[55,99366,8983],{"class":251},[55,99368,315],{"class":247},[55,99370,3466],{"class":65},[20,99372,99373,8950],{},[15,99374,3955],{},[142,99376,72251],{"id":72250},[20,99378,99379],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99381,99382],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[46,99384,99386],{"className":48,"code":99385,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99387,99388,99436,99446],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99389,99390,99392,99394,99396,99398,99400,99402,99404,99406,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416,99418,99420,99422,99424,99426,99428,99430,99432,99434],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99391,4234],{"class":61},[55,99393,66],{"class":65},[55,99395,10652],{"class":69},[55,99397,248],{"class":247},[55,99399,1035],{"class":251},[55,99401,248],{"class":247},[55,99403,77],{"class":69},[55,99405,258],{"class":247},[55,99407,1072],{"class":251},[55,99409,248],{"class":247},[55,99411,77],{"class":69},[55,99413,258],{"class":247},[55,99415,1035],{"class":251},[55,99417,248],{"class":247},[55,99419,77],{"class":69},[55,99421,258],{"class":247},[55,99423,1035],{"class":251},[55,99425,248],{"class":247},[55,99427,77],{"class":69},[55,99429,258],{"class":247},[55,99431,1044],{"class":251},[55,99433,248],{"class":247},[55,99435,9471],{"class":69},[55,99437,99438,99440,99442,99444],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,99439,121],{"class":120},[55,99441,103],{"class":69},[55,99443,4276],{"class":99},[55,99445,114],{"class":69},[55,99447,99448,99450,99452,99454,99456,99458],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,99449,121],{"class":120},[55,99451,103],{"class":69},[55,99453,1860],{"class":120},[55,99455,103],{"class":69},[55,99457,4276],{"class":99},[55,99459,1867],{"class":69},[20,99461,99462],{},[1966,99463,30174],{},[46,99465,99467],{"className":48,"code":99466,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99468,99469,99497],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99470,99471,99473,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491,99493,99495],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99472,9440],{"class":69},[55,99474,315],{"class":247},[55,99476,1072],{"class":251},[55,99478,315],{"class":247},[55,99480,77],{"class":69},[55,99482,324],{"class":247},[55,99484,1044],{"class":251},[55,99486,315],{"class":247},[55,99488,77],{"class":69},[55,99490,324],{"class":247},[55,99492,1035],{"class":251},[55,99494,315],{"class":247},[55,99496,9471],{"class":69},[55,99498,99499],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,99500,46760],{"class":73},[20,99502,99503],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[142,99505,99507],{"id":99506},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99509,99510,99511,99513],{},"Set items must be ",[1966,99512,96356],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99515,99516],{},"These usually work:",[155,99518,99519,99521,99523,99525],{},[158,99520,56588],{},[158,99522,56591],{},[158,99524,96368],{},[158,99526,40736],{},[46,99528,99530],{"className":48,"code":99529,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99531,99532,99566],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99533,99534,99536,99538,99540,99542,99544,99546,99548,99550,99552,99554,99556,99558,99560,99562,99564],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99535,3986],{"class":61},[55,99537,66],{"class":65},[55,99539,10652],{"class":69},[55,99541,74],{"class":73},[55,99543,77],{"class":69},[55,99545,258],{"class":247},[55,99547,1035],{"class":251},[55,99549,248],{"class":247},[55,99551,77],{"class":69},[55,99553,9398],{"class":69},[55,99555,800],{"class":73},[55,99557,77],{"class":69},[55,99559,7951],{"class":73},[55,99561,9395],{"class":69},[55,99563,4079],{"class":1312},[55,99565,9471],{"class":69},[55,99567,99568,99570,99572,99574],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,99569,121],{"class":120},[55,99571,103],{"class":69},[55,99573,5519],{"class":99},[55,99575,114],{"class":69},[20,99577,99578,99579,99581],{},"These do ",[1966,99580,1968],{}," work directly:",[155,99583,99584,99586],{},[158,99585,97072],{},[158,99587,97075],{},[46,99589,99591],{"className":48,"code":99590,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99592,99593],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99594,99595,99598,99600,99603,99605,99607,99609,99611,99613],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99596,99597],{"class":61},"bad_set ",[55,99599,66],{"class":65},[55,99601,99602],{"class":69}," {[",[55,99604,74],{"class":73},[55,99606,77],{"class":69},[55,99608,80],{"class":73},[55,99610,77],{"class":69},[55,99612,111],{"class":73},[55,99614,13856],{"class":69},[20,99616,99617],{},"This raises an error:",[46,99619,99620],{"className":48,"code":97131,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,99621,99622],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99623,99624,99626,99628,99630,99632,99634,99636,99638],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99625,3168],{"class":1898},[55,99627,153],{"class":69},[55,99629,97142],{"class":61},[55,99631,1910],{"class":1898},[55,99633,153],{"class":69},[55,99635,324],{"class":247},[55,99637,1899],{"class":251},[55,99639,29844],{"class":247},[20,99641,52224],{},[46,99643,99645],{"className":48,"code":99644,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99646,99647],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99648,99649,99651,99653,99656,99658,99660,99662,99664,99666,99668,99670],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99650,99597],{"class":61},[55,99652,66],{"class":65},[55,99654,99655],{"class":69}," {{",[55,99657,248],{"class":247},[55,99659,7829],{"class":251},[55,99661,248],{"class":247},[55,99663,153],{"class":69},[55,99665,258],{"class":247},[55,99667,7838],{"class":251},[55,99669,248],{"class":247},[55,99671,99672],{"class":69},"}}\n",[20,99674,99675],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[142,99677,99679],{"id":99678},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[577,99681,99683],{"id":99682},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[46,99685,99687],{"className":48,"code":99686,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99688,99689,99713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99690,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699,99701,99703,99705,99707,99709,99711],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99692,62],{"class":61},[55,99694,66],{"class":65},[55,99696,10652],{"class":69},[55,99698,74],{"class":73},[55,99700,77],{"class":69},[55,99702,80],{"class":73},[55,99704,77],{"class":69},[55,99706,111],{"class":73},[55,99708,77],{"class":69},[55,99710,85],{"class":73},[55,99712,9471],{"class":69},[55,99714,99715,99717,99719,99721],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,99716,121],{"class":120},[55,99718,103],{"class":69},[55,99720,94],{"class":99},[55,99722,114],{"class":69},[577,99724,99726],{"id":99725},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[46,99728,99730],{"className":48,"code":99729,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99731,99732,99760,99775,99779],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99733,99734,99736,99738,99740,99742,99744,99746,99748,99750,99752,99754,99756,99758],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99735,1026],{"class":61},[55,99737,66],{"class":65},[55,99739,70],{"class":69},[55,99741,74],{"class":73},[55,99743,77],{"class":69},[55,99745,630],{"class":73},[55,99747,77],{"class":69},[55,99749,80],{"class":73},[55,99751,77],{"class":69},[55,99753,111],{"class":73},[55,99755,77],{"class":69},[55,99757,111],{"class":73},[55,99759,88],{"class":69},[55,99761,99762,99765,99767,99769,99771,99773],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,99763,99764],{"class":61},"unique_items ",[55,99766,66],{"class":65},[55,99768,15783],{"class":1898},[55,99770,103],{"class":69},[55,99772,1057],{"class":99},[55,99774,114],{"class":69},[55,99776,99777],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,99778,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,99780,99781,99783,99785,99788],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,99782,121],{"class":120},[55,99784,103],{"class":69},[55,99786,99787],{"class":99},"unique_items",[55,99789,114],{"class":69},[577,99791,99137],{"id":99792},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[46,99794,99796],{"className":48,"code":99795,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99797,99798,99816],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99799,99800,99802,99804,99806,99808,99810,99812,99814],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99801,240],{"class":61},[55,99803,66],{"class":65},[55,99805,15783],{"class":1898},[55,99807,103],{"class":69},[55,99809,248],{"class":247},[55,99811,1072],{"class":251},[55,99813,248],{"class":247},[55,99815,114],{"class":69},[55,99817,99818,99820,99822,99824],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,99819,121],{"class":120},[55,99821,103],{"class":69},[55,99823,270],{"class":99},[55,99825,114],{"class":69},[577,99827,99829],{"id":99828},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[46,99831,99833],{"className":48,"code":99832,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99834,99835,99845],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99836,99837,99839,99841,99843],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99838,98275],{"class":61},[55,99840,66],{"class":65},[55,99842,15783],{"class":1898},[55,99844,8804],{"class":69},[55,99846,99847,99849,99851,99853],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,99848,121],{"class":120},[55,99850,103],{"class":69},[55,99852,98294],{"class":99},[55,99854,114],{"class":69},[142,99856,2992],{"id":2991},[20,99858,99859],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[577,99861,8578,99863,99865],{"id":99862},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99864,3955],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99867,99868],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[46,99870,99872],{"className":48,"code":99871,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99873,99874,99882],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99875,99876,99878,99880],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99877,2608],{"class":61},[55,99879,66],{"class":65},[55,99881,10000],{"class":69},[55,99883,99884,99886,99888,99890,99892,99894],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,99885,121],{"class":120},[55,99887,103],{"class":69},[55,99889,1910],{"class":1898},[55,99891,103],{"class":69},[55,99893,2633],{"class":99},[55,99895,1867],{"class":69},[20,99897,99898],{},"This prints:",[46,99900,99901],{"className":48,"code":8970,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,99902,99903],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99904,99905,99907,99909,99911,99913,99915],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99906,3454],{"class":65},[55,99908,3457],{"class":2226},[55,99910,324],{"class":247},[55,99912,8983],{"class":251},[55,99914,315],{"class":247},[55,99916,3466],{"class":65},[20,99918,31,99919,6790],{},[15,99920,3960],{},[577,99922,99924],{"id":99923},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99926,99927],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[46,99929,99931],{"className":48,"code":99930,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99932,99933,99961],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99934,99935,99937,99939,99941,99943,99945,99947,99949,99951,99953,99955,99957,99959],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99936,62],{"class":61},[55,99938,66],{"class":65},[55,99940,10652],{"class":69},[55,99942,74],{"class":73},[55,99944,77],{"class":69},[55,99946,630],{"class":73},[55,99948,77],{"class":69},[55,99950,80],{"class":73},[55,99952,77],{"class":69},[55,99954,80],{"class":73},[55,99956,77],{"class":69},[55,99958,111],{"class":73},[55,99960,9471],{"class":69},[55,99962,99963,99965,99967,99969],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,99964,121],{"class":120},[55,99966,103],{"class":69},[55,99968,94],{"class":99},[55,99970,114],{"class":69},[20,99972,99973],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[577,99975,99977],{"id":99976},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99979,99980],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99982,99983],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[46,99985,99987],{"className":48,"code":99986,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99988,99989,100009],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99990,99991,99993,99995,99997,99999,100001,100003,100005,100007],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99992,62],{"class":61},[55,99994,66],{"class":65},[55,99996,10652],{"class":69},[55,99998,800],{"class":73},[55,100000,77],{"class":69},[55,100002,7951],{"class":73},[55,100004,77],{"class":69},[55,100006,7956],{"class":73},[55,100008,9471],{"class":69},[55,100010,100011],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,100012,100013],{"class":133},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100015,100016],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[577,100018,100020],{"id":100019},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100022,100023],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[46,100025,100027],{"className":48,"code":100026,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100028,100029,100034],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100030,100031],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100032,100033],{"class":133},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[55,100035,100036],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,100037,100038],{"class":133},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100040,100041,100042,44],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100043,3168],{},[577,100045,100047],{"id":100046},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100049,100050],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[46,100052,100054],{"className":48,"code":100053,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100055,100056,100076,100108,100112,100126],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100057,100058,100060,100062,100064,100066,100068,100070,100072,100074],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100059,15778],{"class":61},[55,100061,66],{"class":65},[55,100063,10652],{"class":69},[55,100065,74],{"class":73},[55,100067,77],{"class":69},[55,100069,80],{"class":73},[55,100071,77],{"class":69},[55,100073,111],{"class":73},[55,100075,9471],{"class":69},[55,100077,100078,100080,100082,100084,100086,100088,100090,100092,100094,100096,100098,100100,100102,100104,100106],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,100079,11881],{"class":61},[55,100081,66],{"class":65},[55,100083,10652],{"class":69},[55,100085,248],{"class":247},[55,100087,36],{"class":251},[55,100089,248],{"class":247},[55,100091,153],{"class":69},[55,100093,630],{"class":73},[55,100095,77],{"class":69},[55,100097,258],{"class":247},[55,100099,285],{"class":251},[55,100101,248],{"class":247},[55,100103,153],{"class":69},[55,100105,80],{"class":73},[55,100107,9471],{"class":69},[55,100109,100110],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,100111,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,100113,100114,100116,100118,100120,100122,100124],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,100115,121],{"class":120},[55,100117,103],{"class":69},[55,100119,1910],{"class":1898},[55,100121,103],{"class":69},[55,100123,15816],{"class":99},[55,100125,1867],{"class":69},[55,100127,100128,100130,100132,100134,100136,100138],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,100129,121],{"class":120},[55,100131,103],{"class":69},[55,100133,1910],{"class":1898},[55,100135,103],{"class":69},[55,100137,11608],{"class":99},[55,100139,1867],{"class":69},[142,100141,92768],{"id":92767},[20,100143,100144],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[46,100146,100148],{"className":48,"code":100147,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100149,100150,100176,100180,100194,100204,100218,100225],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100151,100152,100154,100156,100158,100160,100162,100164,100166,100168,100170,100172,100174],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100153,15778],{"class":61},[55,100155,66],{"class":65},[55,100157,15783],{"class":1898},[55,100159,3149],{"class":69},[55,100161,74],{"class":73},[55,100163,77],{"class":69},[55,100165,80],{"class":73},[55,100167,77],{"class":69},[55,100169,80],{"class":73},[55,100171,77],{"class":69},[55,100173,111],{"class":73},[55,100175,1777],{"class":69},[55,100177,100178],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,100179,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,100181,100182,100184,100186,100188,100190,100192],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,100183,121],{"class":120},[55,100185,103],{"class":69},[55,100187,1910],{"class":1898},[55,100189,103],{"class":69},[55,100191,15816],{"class":99},[55,100193,1867],{"class":69},[55,100195,100196,100198,100200,100202],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,100197,121],{"class":120},[55,100199,103],{"class":69},[55,100201,15816],{"class":99},[55,100203,114],{"class":69},[55,100205,100206,100208,100210,100212,100214,100216],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,100207,121],{"class":120},[55,100209,103],{"class":69},[55,100211,1860],{"class":120},[55,100213,103],{"class":69},[55,100215,15816],{"class":99},[55,100217,1867],{"class":69},[55,100219,100220,100222],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,100221,121],{"class":120},[55,100223,100224],{"class":69},"({})\n",[55,100226,100227,100229,100231,100233],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,100228,121],{"class":120},[55,100230,103],{"class":69},[55,100232,6445],{"class":1898},[55,100234,7354],{"class":69},[20,100236,100237],{},"Use these to confirm:",[155,100239,100240,100243,100246,100249],{},[158,100241,100242],{},"The object type",[158,100244,100245],{},"The actual values stored",[158,100247,100248],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[158,100250,100251,100252,352,100254],{},"The difference between ",[15,100253,3955],{},[15,100255,3960],{},[142,100257,1986],{"id":1985},[577,100259,100261],{"id":100260},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100263,100264,100265,100268,100269,100271],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100266,100267],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100270,3960],{}," with another iterable.",[577,100273,100275],{"id":100274},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100277,31,100278,100280,100281,100283],{},[15,100279,3960],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100282,3955],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[577,100285,100287],{"id":100286},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100289,100290],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[577,100292,100294],{"id":100293},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100296,100297],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[577,100299,100301],{"id":100300},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100303,100304],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[142,100306,2039],{"id":2038},[155,100308,100309,100313,100319,100325,100330],{},[158,100310,100311],{},[36,100312,96313],{"href":97484},[158,100314,100315],{},[36,100316,3740,100317,43],{"href":98485},[15,100318,96193],{},[158,100320,100321],{},[36,100322,3740,100323,43],{"href":98504},[15,100324,97299],{},[158,100326,100327],{},[36,100328,100329],{"href":99062},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[158,100331,100332],{},[36,100333,100334],{"href":98776},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100336,100337],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2080,100339,100340],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":100342},[100343,100344,100345,100346,100349,100355,100359,100360,100361,100367,100375,100376,100383],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":15311,"depth":91,"text":15312},{"id":98748,"depth":91,"text":98749},{"id":98780,"depth":91,"text":98781,"children":100347},[100348],{"id":98849,"depth":117,"text":98850},{"id":98953,"depth":91,"text":100350,"children":100351},"Create a set with set()",[100352,100353,100354],{"id":98978,"depth":117,"text":98979},{"id":99066,"depth":117,"text":99067},{"id":99136,"depth":117,"text":99137},{"id":99221,"depth":91,"text":99222,"children":100356},[100357],{"id":99298,"depth":117,"text":100358},"Do not use {}",{"id":72250,"depth":91,"text":72251},{"id":99506,"depth":91,"text":99507},{"id":99678,"depth":91,"text":99679,"children":100362},[100363,100364,100365,100366],{"id":99682,"depth":117,"text":99683},{"id":99725,"depth":117,"text":99726},{"id":99792,"depth":117,"text":99137},{"id":99828,"depth":117,"text":99829},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":100368},[100369,100371,100372,100373,100374],{"id":99862,"depth":117,"text":100370},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99923,"depth":117,"text":99924},{"id":99976,"depth":117,"text":99977},{"id":100019,"depth":117,"text":100020},{"id":100046,"depth":117,"text":100047},{"id":92767,"depth":91,"text":92768},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":100377},[100378,100379,100380,100381,100382],{"id":100260,"depth":117,"text":100261},{"id":100274,"depth":117,"text":100275},{"id":100286,"depth":117,"text":100287},{"id":100293,"depth":117,"text":100294},{"id":100300,"depth":117,"text":100301},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98551,"description":100384},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100390,"title":100391,"body":100392,"description":102823,"extension":2124,"meta":102824,"navigation":428,"path":102825,"seo":102826,"stem":102827,"__hash__":102828},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100393,"toc":102788},[100394,100400,100406,100409,100411,100488,100490,100507,100517,100519,100524,100532,100534,100550,100554,100556,100558,100561,100582,100585,100609,100615,100617,100714,100716,100733,100743,100745,100747,100755,100757,100768,100770,100861,100863,100887,100898,100900,100902,100905,101035,101037,101110,101112,101133,101136,101138,101144,101149,101152,101279,101281,101298,101301,101303,101311,101314,101318,101326,101417,101419,101456,101461,101468,101545,101547,101563,101568,101573,101575,101584,101592,101673,101675,101704,101707,101711,101722,101725,101808,101810,101831,101837,101839,101841,101845,101849,101856,101921,101923,101943,101946,102015,102017,102033,102037,102043,102055,102063,102065,102150,102152,102181,102184,102188,102193,102195,102245,102248,102329,102331,102347,102351,102354,102429,102432,102436,102439,102516,102518,102551,102557,102561,102564,102699,102701,102715,102717,102719,102725,102728,102735,102743,102749,102752,102756,102759,102761,102763,102785],[10,100395,96185,100397,18],{"id":100396},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100398,100399],{},"difference()",[20,100401,100402,100405],{},[15,100403,100404],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100407,100408],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[142,100410,3774],{"id":3773},[46,100412,100414],{"className":48,"code":100413,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100415,100416,100440,100460,100478],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100417,100418,100420,100422,100424,100426,100428,100430,100432,100434,100436,100438],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100419,2715],{"class":61},[55,100421,66],{"class":65},[55,100423,10652],{"class":69},[55,100425,74],{"class":73},[55,100427,77],{"class":69},[55,100429,80],{"class":73},[55,100431,77],{"class":69},[55,100433,111],{"class":73},[55,100435,77],{"class":69},[55,100437,85],{"class":73},[55,100439,9471],{"class":69},[55,100441,100442,100444,100446,100448,100450,100452,100454,100456,100458],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,100443,2743],{"class":61},[55,100445,66],{"class":65},[55,100447,10652],{"class":69},[55,100449,2223],{"class":73},[55,100451,77],{"class":69},[55,100453,85],{"class":73},[55,100455,77],{"class":69},[55,100457,4766],{"class":73},[55,100459,9471],{"class":69},[55,100461,100462,100464,100466,100468,100470,100472,100474,100476],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,100463,1255],{"class":61},[55,100465,66],{"class":65},[55,100467,57013],{"class":61},[55,100469,44],{"class":69},[55,100471,2973],{"class":99},[55,100473,103],{"class":69},[55,100475,285],{"class":99},[55,100477,114],{"class":69},[55,100479,100480,100482,100484,100486],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,100481,121],{"class":120},[55,100483,103],{"class":69},[55,100485,1288],{"class":99},[55,100487,114],{"class":69},[20,100489,302],{},[46,100491,100493],{"className":48,"code":100492,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100494,100495],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100496,100497,100499,100501,100503,100505],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100498,9440],{"class":69},[55,100500,74],{"class":73},[55,100502,77],{"class":69},[55,100504,80],{"class":73},[55,100506,9471],{"class":69},[20,100508,100509,100511,100512,100514,100515,44],{},[15,100510,100399],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100513,36],{}," that are not in ",[15,100516,285],{},[45059,100518],{},[142,100520,145,100522,148],{"id":100521},"what-difference-does",[15,100523,100399],{},[20,100525,568,100526,100528,100529,100531],{},[15,100527,100399],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[1966,100530,1968],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100533,13208],{},[155,100535,100536,100541,100544,100547],{},[158,100537,100538,100540],{},[15,100539,100399],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[158,100542,100543],{},"It creates a new set",[158,100545,100546],{},"It does not change the original set",[158,100548,100549],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100551,96309,100552,44],{},[36,100553,96313],{"href":97484},[45059,100555],{},[142,100557,2319],{"id":2318},[20,100559,100560],{},"Use this form:",[46,100562,100564],{"className":48,"code":100563,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100565,100566],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100567,100568,100571,100573,100575,100577,100580],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100569,100570],{"class":61},"set1",[55,100572,44],{"class":69},[55,100574,2973],{"class":99},[55,100576,103],{"class":69},[55,100578,100579],{"class":99},"set2",[55,100581,114],{"class":69},[20,100583,100584],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[46,100586,100588],{"className":48,"code":100587,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100589,100590],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100591,100592,100594,100596,100598,100600,100602,100604,100607],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100593,100570],{"class":61},[55,100595,44],{"class":69},[55,100597,2973],{"class":99},[55,100599,103],{"class":69},[55,100601,100579],{"class":99},[55,100603,77],{"class":69},[55,100605,100606],{"class":99}," set3",[55,100608,114],{"class":69},[20,100610,100611,100612,100614],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[1966,100613,5514],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100616,230],{},[46,100618,100620],{"className":48,"code":100619,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100621,100622,100650,100666,100678,100682,100704],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100623,100624,100626,100628,100630,100632,100634,100636,100638,100640,100642,100644,100646,100648],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100625,2715],{"class":61},[55,100627,66],{"class":65},[55,100629,10652],{"class":69},[55,100631,74],{"class":73},[55,100633,77],{"class":69},[55,100635,80],{"class":73},[55,100637,77],{"class":69},[55,100639,111],{"class":73},[55,100641,77],{"class":69},[55,100643,85],{"class":73},[55,100645,77],{"class":69},[55,100647,4766],{"class":73},[55,100649,9471],{"class":69},[55,100651,100652,100654,100656,100658,100660,100662,100664],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,100653,2743],{"class":61},[55,100655,66],{"class":65},[55,100657,10652],{"class":69},[55,100659,106],{"class":73},[55,100661,77],{"class":69},[55,100663,111],{"class":73},[55,100665,9471],{"class":69},[55,100667,100668,100670,100672,100674,100676],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,100669,83168],{"class":61},[55,100671,66],{"class":65},[55,100673,10652],{"class":69},[55,100675,2297],{"class":73},[55,100677,9471],{"class":69},[55,100679,100680],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,100681,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,100683,100684,100686,100688,100690,100692,100694,100696,100698,100700,100702],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,100685,1255],{"class":61},[55,100687,66],{"class":65},[55,100689,57013],{"class":61},[55,100691,44],{"class":69},[55,100693,2973],{"class":99},[55,100695,103],{"class":69},[55,100697,285],{"class":99},[55,100699,77],{"class":69},[55,100701,9844],{"class":99},[55,100703,114],{"class":69},[55,100705,100706,100708,100710,100712],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,100707,121],{"class":120},[55,100709,103],{"class":69},[55,100711,1288],{"class":99},[55,100713,114],{"class":69},[20,100715,302],{},[46,100717,100719],{"className":48,"code":100718,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100720,100721],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100722,100723,100725,100727,100729,100731],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100724,9440],{"class":69},[55,100726,74],{"class":73},[55,100728,77],{"class":69},[55,100730,85],{"class":73},[55,100732,9471],{"class":69},[20,100734,100735,100736,100738,100739,3041,100741,44],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100737,36],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100740,285],{},[15,100742,261],{},[45059,100744],{},[142,100746,17569],{"id":17568},[20,100748,100749,100751,100752,44],{},[15,100750,100399],{}," always returns a ",[1966,100753,100754],{},"new set",[20,100756,43792],{},[155,100758,100759,100762,100765],{},[158,100760,100761],{},"The return value is a new set",[158,100763,100764],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[158,100766,100767],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100769,230],{},[46,100771,100773],{"className":48,"code":100772,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100774,100775,100791,100811,100815,100833,100837,100847],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100776,100777,100779,100781,100783,100785,100787,100789],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100778,2715],{"class":61},[55,100780,66],{"class":65},[55,100782,10652],{"class":69},[55,100784,74],{"class":73},[55,100786,77],{"class":69},[55,100788,80],{"class":73},[55,100790,9471],{"class":69},[55,100792,100793,100795,100797,100799,100801,100803,100805,100807,100809],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,100794,2743],{"class":61},[55,100796,66],{"class":65},[55,100798,10652],{"class":69},[55,100800,74],{"class":73},[55,100802,77],{"class":69},[55,100804,80],{"class":73},[55,100806,77],{"class":69},[55,100808,111],{"class":73},[55,100810,9471],{"class":69},[55,100812,100813],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,100814,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,100816,100817,100819,100821,100823,100825,100827,100829,100831],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,100818,1255],{"class":61},[55,100820,66],{"class":65},[55,100822,57013],{"class":61},[55,100824,44],{"class":69},[55,100826,2973],{"class":99},[55,100828,103],{"class":69},[55,100830,285],{"class":99},[55,100832,114],{"class":69},[55,100834,100835],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,100836,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,100838,100839,100841,100843,100845],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,100840,121],{"class":120},[55,100842,103],{"class":69},[55,100844,1288],{"class":99},[55,100846,114],{"class":69},[55,100848,100849,100851,100853,100855,100857,100859],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,100850,121],{"class":120},[55,100852,103],{"class":69},[55,100854,1910],{"class":1898},[55,100856,103],{"class":69},[55,100858,1288],{"class":99},[55,100860,1867],{"class":69},[20,100862,302],{},[46,100864,100865],{"className":48,"code":99273,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,100866,100867,100873],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100868,100869,100871],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100870,6445],{"class":1898},[55,100872,8804],{"class":69},[55,100874,100875,100877,100879,100881,100883,100885],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,100876,3454],{"class":65},[55,100878,3457],{"class":2226},[55,100880,324],{"class":247},[55,100882,6445],{"class":251},[55,100884,315],{"class":247},[55,100886,3466],{"class":65},[20,100888,100889,100890,19110,100892,100894,100895,100897],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100891,3960],{},[15,100893,3955],{},". In Python, ",[15,100896,3955],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45059,100899],{},[142,100901,11634],{"id":11633},[20,100903,100904],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[46,100906,100908],{"className":48,"code":100907,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100909,100910,100943,100976,100980,101000,101004,101014,101025],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100911,100912,100915,100917,100919,100921,100923,100925,100927,100929,100931,100933,100935,100937,100939,100941],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100913,100914],{"class":61},"fruits_a ",[55,100916,66],{"class":65},[55,100918,10652],{"class":69},[55,100920,248],{"class":247},[55,100922,1035],{"class":251},[55,100924,248],{"class":247},[55,100926,77],{"class":69},[55,100928,258],{"class":247},[55,100930,1072],{"class":251},[55,100932,248],{"class":247},[55,100934,77],{"class":69},[55,100936,258],{"class":247},[55,100938,1044],{"class":251},[55,100940,248],{"class":247},[55,100942,9471],{"class":69},[55,100944,100945,100948,100950,100952,100954,100956,100958,100960,100962,100964,100966,100968,100970,100972,100974],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,100946,100947],{"class":61},"fruits_b ",[55,100949,66],{"class":65},[55,100951,10652],{"class":69},[55,100953,248],{"class":247},[55,100955,1072],{"class":251},[55,100957,248],{"class":247},[55,100959,77],{"class":69},[55,100961,258],{"class":247},[55,100963,1044],{"class":251},[55,100965,248],{"class":247},[55,100967,77],{"class":69},[55,100969,258],{"class":247},[55,100971,1107],{"class":251},[55,100973,248],{"class":247},[55,100975,9471],{"class":69},[55,100977,100978],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,100979,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,100981,100982,100984,100986,100989,100991,100993,100995,100998],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,100983,1255],{"class":61},[55,100985,66],{"class":65},[55,100987,100988],{"class":61}," fruits_a",[55,100990,44],{"class":69},[55,100992,2973],{"class":99},[55,100994,103],{"class":69},[55,100996,100997],{"class":99},"fruits_b",[55,100999,114],{"class":69},[55,101001,101002],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,101003,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,101005,101006,101008,101010,101012],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,101007,121],{"class":120},[55,101009,103],{"class":69},[55,101011,1288],{"class":99},[55,101013,114],{"class":69},[55,101015,101016,101018,101020,101023],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,101017,121],{"class":120},[55,101019,103],{"class":69},[55,101021,101022],{"class":99},"fruits_a",[55,101024,114],{"class":69},[55,101026,101027,101029,101031,101033],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,101028,121],{"class":120},[55,101030,103],{"class":69},[55,101032,100997],{"class":99},[55,101034,114],{"class":69},[20,101036,30174],{},[46,101038,101040],{"className":48,"code":101039,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101041,101042,101054,101082],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101043,101044,101046,101048,101050,101052],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101045,9440],{"class":69},[55,101047,315],{"class":247},[55,101049,1035],{"class":251},[55,101051,315],{"class":247},[55,101053,9471],{"class":69},[55,101055,101056,101058,101060,101062,101064,101066,101068,101070,101072,101074,101076,101078,101080],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,101057,9440],{"class":69},[55,101059,315],{"class":247},[55,101061,1072],{"class":251},[55,101063,315],{"class":247},[55,101065,77],{"class":69},[55,101067,324],{"class":247},[55,101069,1044],{"class":251},[55,101071,315],{"class":247},[55,101073,77],{"class":69},[55,101075,324],{"class":247},[55,101077,1035],{"class":251},[55,101079,315],{"class":247},[55,101081,9471],{"class":69},[55,101083,101084,101086,101088,101090,101092,101094,101096,101098,101100,101102,101104,101106,101108],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,101085,9440],{"class":69},[55,101087,315],{"class":247},[55,101089,1072],{"class":251},[55,101091,315],{"class":247},[55,101093,77],{"class":69},[55,101095,324],{"class":247},[55,101097,1044],{"class":251},[55,101099,315],{"class":247},[55,101101,77],{"class":69},[55,101103,324],{"class":247},[55,101105,1107],{"class":251},[55,101107,315],{"class":247},[55,101109,9471],{"class":69},[20,101111,11840],{},[155,101113,101114,101119,101124,101130],{},[158,101115,101116,101117],{},"Start with ",[15,101118,101022],{},[158,101120,101121,101122],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101123,100997],{},[158,101125,101126,101127,101129],{},"Only ",[15,101128,57956],{}," remains",[158,101131,101132],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101134,101135],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45059,101137],{},[142,101139,8578,101141,101143],{"id":101140},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101142,100399],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101145,101146,101147,44],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101148,100399],{},[20,101150,101151],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[46,101153,101155],{"className":48,"code":101154,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101156,101157,101189,101206,101219,101236,101240,101269],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101158,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179,101181,101183,101185,101187],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101160,62],{"class":61},[55,101162,66],{"class":65},[55,101164,10652],{"class":69},[55,101166,74],{"class":73},[55,101168,77],{"class":69},[55,101170,80],{"class":73},[55,101172,77],{"class":69},[55,101174,111],{"class":73},[55,101176,77],{"class":69},[55,101178,85],{"class":73},[55,101180,77],{"class":69},[55,101182,4766],{"class":73},[55,101184,77],{"class":69},[55,101186,37783],{"class":73},[55,101188,9471],{"class":69},[55,101190,101191,101194,101196,101198,101200,101202,101204],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,101192,101193],{"class":61},"group_a ",[55,101195,66],{"class":65},[55,101197,10652],{"class":69},[55,101199,106],{"class":73},[55,101201,77],{"class":69},[55,101203,85],{"class":73},[55,101205,9471],{"class":69},[55,101207,101208,101211,101213,101215,101217],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,101209,101210],{"class":61},"group_b ",[55,101212,66],{"class":65},[55,101214,10652],{"class":69},[55,101216,2297],{"class":73},[55,101218,9471],{"class":69},[55,101220,101221,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,101222,101223],{"class":61},"group_c ",[55,101225,66],{"class":65},[55,101227,10652],{"class":69},[55,101229,80576],{"class":73},[55,101231,77],{"class":69},[55,101233,6151],{"class":73},[55,101235,9471],{"class":69},[55,101237,101238],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,101239,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,101241,101242,101244,101246,101248,101250,101252,101254,101257,101259,101262,101264,101267],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,101243,1255],{"class":61},[55,101245,66],{"class":65},[55,101247,1260],{"class":61},[55,101249,44],{"class":69},[55,101251,2973],{"class":99},[55,101253,103],{"class":69},[55,101255,101256],{"class":99},"group_a",[55,101258,77],{"class":69},[55,101260,101261],{"class":99}," group_b",[55,101263,77],{"class":69},[55,101265,101266],{"class":99}," group_c",[55,101268,114],{"class":69},[55,101270,101271,101273,101275,101277],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,101272,121],{"class":120},[55,101274,103],{"class":69},[55,101276,1288],{"class":99},[55,101278,114],{"class":69},[20,101280,302],{},[46,101282,101284],{"className":48,"code":101283,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101285,101286],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101287,101288,101290,101292,101294,101296],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101289,9440],{"class":69},[55,101291,74],{"class":73},[55,101293,77],{"class":69},[55,101295,111],{"class":73},[55,101297,9471],{"class":69},[20,101299,101300],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45059,101302],{},[142,101304,101306,982,101308],{"id":101305},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101307,100399],{},[15,101309,101310],{},"difference_update()",[20,101312,101313],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[577,101315,101316],{"id":2973},[15,101317,100399],{},[155,101319,101320,101323],{},[158,101321,101322],{},"Returns a new set",[158,101324,101325],{},"Does not change the original set",[46,101327,101329],{"className":48,"code":101328,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101330,101331,101355,101371,101375,101393,101397,101407],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101332,101333,101335,101337,101339,101341,101343,101345,101347,101349,101351,101353],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101334,2715],{"class":61},[55,101336,66],{"class":65},[55,101338,10652],{"class":69},[55,101340,74],{"class":73},[55,101342,77],{"class":69},[55,101344,80],{"class":73},[55,101346,77],{"class":69},[55,101348,111],{"class":73},[55,101350,77],{"class":69},[55,101352,85],{"class":73},[55,101354,9471],{"class":69},[55,101356,101357,101359,101361,101363,101365,101367,101369],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,101358,2743],{"class":61},[55,101360,66],{"class":65},[55,101362,10652],{"class":69},[55,101364,2223],{"class":73},[55,101366,77],{"class":69},[55,101368,85],{"class":73},[55,101370,9471],{"class":69},[55,101372,101373],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,101374,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,101376,101377,101379,101381,101383,101385,101387,101389,101391],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,101378,1255],{"class":61},[55,101380,66],{"class":65},[55,101382,57013],{"class":61},[55,101384,44],{"class":69},[55,101386,2973],{"class":99},[55,101388,103],{"class":69},[55,101390,285],{"class":99},[55,101392,114],{"class":69},[55,101394,101395],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,101396,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,101398,101399,101401,101403,101405],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,101400,121],{"class":120},[55,101402,103],{"class":69},[55,101404,1288],{"class":99},[55,101406,114],{"class":69},[55,101408,101409,101411,101413,101415],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,101410,121],{"class":120},[55,101412,103],{"class":69},[55,101414,36],{"class":99},[55,101416,114],{"class":69},[20,101418,302],{},[46,101420,101422],{"className":48,"code":101421,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101423,101424,101436],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101425,101426,101428,101430,101432,101434],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101427,9440],{"class":69},[55,101429,74],{"class":73},[55,101431,77],{"class":69},[55,101433,80],{"class":73},[55,101435,9471],{"class":69},[55,101437,101438,101440,101442,101444,101446,101448,101450,101452,101454],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,101439,9440],{"class":69},[55,101441,74],{"class":73},[55,101443,77],{"class":69},[55,101445,80],{"class":73},[55,101447,77],{"class":69},[55,101449,111],{"class":73},[55,101451,77],{"class":69},[55,101453,85],{"class":73},[55,101455,9471],{"class":69},[577,101457,101459],{"id":101458},"difference_update",[15,101460,101310],{},[155,101462,101463,101466],{},[158,101464,101465],{},"Changes the original set",[158,101467,96303],{},[46,101469,101471],{"className":48,"code":101470,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101472,101473,101497,101513,101517,101531,101535],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101474,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485,101487,101489,101491,101493,101495],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101476,2715],{"class":61},[55,101478,66],{"class":65},[55,101480,10652],{"class":69},[55,101482,74],{"class":73},[55,101484,77],{"class":69},[55,101486,80],{"class":73},[55,101488,77],{"class":69},[55,101490,111],{"class":73},[55,101492,77],{"class":69},[55,101494,85],{"class":73},[55,101496,9471],{"class":69},[55,101498,101499,101501,101503,101505,101507,101509,101511],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,101500,2743],{"class":61},[55,101502,66],{"class":65},[55,101504,10652],{"class":69},[55,101506,2223],{"class":73},[55,101508,77],{"class":69},[55,101510,85],{"class":73},[55,101512,9471],{"class":69},[55,101514,101515],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,101516,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,101518,101519,101521,101523,101525,101527,101529],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,101520,36],{"class":61},[55,101522,44],{"class":69},[55,101524,101458],{"class":99},[55,101526,103],{"class":69},[55,101528,285],{"class":99},[55,101530,114],{"class":69},[55,101532,101533],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,101534,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,101536,101537,101539,101541,101543],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,101538,121],{"class":120},[55,101540,103],{"class":69},[55,101542,36],{"class":99},[55,101544,114],{"class":69},[20,101546,302],{},[46,101548,101549],{"className":48,"code":100492,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,101550,101551],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101552,101553,101555,101557,101559,101561],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101554,9440],{"class":69},[55,101556,74],{"class":73},[55,101558,77],{"class":69},[55,101560,80],{"class":73},[55,101562,9471],{"class":69},[20,101564,31,101565,101567],{},[15,101566,100399],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101569,101570,101571,33744],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101572,101310],{},[45059,101574],{},[142,101576,101578,101580,101581,101583],{"id":101577},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101579,100399],{}," vs the ",[15,101582,903],{}," operator",[20,101585,568,101586,101588,101589,101591],{},[15,101587,903],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101590,100399],{}," for two sets.",[46,101593,101595],{"className":48,"code":101594,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101596,101597,101621,101637,101641,101659],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101598,101599,101601,101603,101605,101607,101609,101611,101613,101615,101617,101619],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101600,2715],{"class":61},[55,101602,66],{"class":65},[55,101604,10652],{"class":69},[55,101606,74],{"class":73},[55,101608,77],{"class":69},[55,101610,80],{"class":73},[55,101612,77],{"class":69},[55,101614,111],{"class":73},[55,101616,77],{"class":69},[55,101618,85],{"class":73},[55,101620,9471],{"class":69},[55,101622,101623,101625,101627,101629,101631,101633,101635],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,101624,2743],{"class":61},[55,101626,66],{"class":65},[55,101628,10652],{"class":69},[55,101630,2223],{"class":73},[55,101632,77],{"class":69},[55,101634,85],{"class":73},[55,101636,9471],{"class":69},[55,101638,101639],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,101640,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,101642,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651,101653,101655,101657],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,101644,121],{"class":120},[55,101646,103],{"class":69},[55,101648,36],{"class":99},[55,101650,44],{"class":69},[55,101652,2973],{"class":99},[55,101654,103],{"class":69},[55,101656,285],{"class":99},[55,101658,1867],{"class":69},[55,101660,101661,101663,101665,101667,101669,101671],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,101662,121],{"class":120},[55,101664,103],{"class":69},[55,101666,2715],{"class":99},[55,101668,903],{"class":65},[55,101670,2720],{"class":99},[55,101672,114],{"class":69},[20,101674,302],{},[46,101676,101678],{"className":48,"code":101677,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101679,101680,101692],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101681,101682,101684,101686,101688,101690],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101683,9440],{"class":69},[55,101685,74],{"class":73},[55,101687,77],{"class":69},[55,101689,80],{"class":73},[55,101691,9471],{"class":69},[55,101693,101694,101696,101698,101700,101702],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,101695,9440],{"class":69},[55,101697,74],{"class":73},[55,101699,77],{"class":69},[55,101701,80],{"class":73},[55,101703,9471],{"class":69},[20,101705,101706],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101708,94573,101709,2027],{},[15,101710,100399],{},[155,101712,101713,101716,101719],{},[158,101714,101715],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[158,101717,101718],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[158,101720,101721],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101723,101724],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[46,101726,101728],{"className":48,"code":101727,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101729,101730,101758,101770,101782,101786],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101731,101732,101734,101736,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746,101748,101750,101752,101754,101756],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101733,2715],{"class":61},[55,101735,66],{"class":65},[55,101737,10652],{"class":69},[55,101739,74],{"class":73},[55,101741,77],{"class":69},[55,101743,80],{"class":73},[55,101745,77],{"class":69},[55,101747,111],{"class":73},[55,101749,77],{"class":69},[55,101751,85],{"class":73},[55,101753,77],{"class":69},[55,101755,4766],{"class":73},[55,101757,9471],{"class":69},[55,101759,101760,101762,101764,101766,101768],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,101761,2743],{"class":61},[55,101763,66],{"class":65},[55,101765,10652],{"class":69},[55,101767,106],{"class":73},[55,101769,9471],{"class":69},[55,101771,101772,101774,101776,101778,101780],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,101773,83168],{"class":61},[55,101775,66],{"class":65},[55,101777,10652],{"class":69},[55,101779,2665],{"class":73},[55,101781,9471],{"class":69},[55,101783,101784],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,101785,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,101787,101788,101790,101792,101794,101796,101798,101800,101802,101804,101806],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,101789,121],{"class":120},[55,101791,103],{"class":69},[55,101793,36],{"class":99},[55,101795,44],{"class":69},[55,101797,2973],{"class":99},[55,101799,103],{"class":69},[55,101801,285],{"class":99},[55,101803,77],{"class":69},[55,101805,9844],{"class":99},[55,101807,1867],{"class":69},[20,101809,302],{},[46,101811,101813],{"className":48,"code":101812,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101814,101815],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101816,101817,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827,101829],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101818,9440],{"class":69},[55,101820,74],{"class":73},[55,101822,77],{"class":69},[55,101824,111],{"class":73},[55,101826,77],{"class":69},[55,101828,4766],{"class":73},[55,101830,9471],{"class":69},[20,101832,101833,101834,101836],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101835,903],{}," operator expression.",[45059,101838],{},[142,101840,1211],{"id":1210},[20,101842,21358,101843,44],{},[15,101844,100399],{},[577,101846,101848],{"id":101847},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101850,4789,101851,101853,101854,153],{},[1966,101852,1968],{}," change ",[15,101855,36],{},[46,101857,101859],{"className":48,"code":101858,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101860,101861,101881,101893,101897,101911],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101862,101863,101865,101867,101869,101871,101873,101875,101877,101879],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101864,2715],{"class":61},[55,101866,66],{"class":65},[55,101868,10652],{"class":69},[55,101870,74],{"class":73},[55,101872,77],{"class":69},[55,101874,80],{"class":73},[55,101876,77],{"class":69},[55,101878,111],{"class":73},[55,101880,9471],{"class":69},[55,101882,101883,101885,101887,101889,101891],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,101884,2743],{"class":61},[55,101886,66],{"class":65},[55,101888,10652],{"class":69},[55,101890,2223],{"class":73},[55,101892,9471],{"class":69},[55,101894,101895],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,101896,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,101898,101899,101901,101903,101905,101907,101909],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,101900,36],{"class":61},[55,101902,44],{"class":69},[55,101904,2973],{"class":99},[55,101906,103],{"class":69},[55,101908,285],{"class":99},[55,101910,114],{"class":69},[55,101912,101913,101915,101917,101919],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,101914,121],{"class":120},[55,101916,103],{"class":69},[55,101918,36],{"class":99},[55,101920,114],{"class":69},[20,101922,302],{},[46,101924,101925],{"className":48,"code":96592,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,101926,101927],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101928,101929,101931,101933,101935,101937,101939,101941],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101930,9440],{"class":69},[55,101932,74],{"class":73},[55,101934,77],{"class":69},[55,101936,80],{"class":73},[55,101938,77],{"class":69},[55,101940,111],{"class":73},[55,101942,9471],{"class":69},[20,101944,101945],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[46,101947,101949],{"className":48,"code":101948,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101950,101951,101971,101983,101987,102005],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101952,101953,101955,101957,101959,101961,101963,101965,101967,101969],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101954,2715],{"class":61},[55,101956,66],{"class":65},[55,101958,10652],{"class":69},[55,101960,74],{"class":73},[55,101962,77],{"class":69},[55,101964,80],{"class":73},[55,101966,77],{"class":69},[55,101968,111],{"class":73},[55,101970,9471],{"class":69},[55,101972,101973,101975,101977,101979,101981],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,101974,2743],{"class":61},[55,101976,66],{"class":65},[55,101978,10652],{"class":69},[55,101980,2223],{"class":73},[55,101982,9471],{"class":69},[55,101984,101985],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,101986,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,101988,101989,101991,101993,101995,101997,101999,102001,102003],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,101990,2715],{"class":61},[55,101992,66],{"class":65},[55,101994,57013],{"class":61},[55,101996,44],{"class":69},[55,101998,2973],{"class":99},[55,102000,103],{"class":69},[55,102002,285],{"class":99},[55,102004,114],{"class":69},[55,102006,102007,102009,102011,102013],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,102008,121],{"class":120},[55,102010,103],{"class":69},[55,102012,36],{"class":99},[55,102014,114],{"class":69},[20,102016,302],{},[46,102018,102019],{"className":48,"code":100492,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,102020,102021],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102022,102023,102025,102027,102029,102031],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102024,9440],{"class":69},[55,102026,74],{"class":73},[55,102028,77],{"class":69},[55,102030,80],{"class":73},[55,102032,9471],{"class":69},[577,102034,102036],{"id":102035},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102038,102039,102042],{},[15,102040,102041],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[155,102044,102045,102050],{},[158,102046,102047,102048],{},"keep items from ",[15,102049,36],{},[158,102051,102052,102053],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102054,285],{},[20,102056,41047,102057,102059,102060,102062],{},[1966,102058,1968],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102061,285],{},"”.",[20,102064,230],{},[46,102066,102068],{"className":48,"code":102067,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102069,102070,102090,102110,102114,102132],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102071,102072,102074,102076,102078,102080,102082,102084,102086,102088],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102073,2715],{"class":61},[55,102075,66],{"class":65},[55,102077,10652],{"class":69},[55,102079,74],{"class":73},[55,102081,77],{"class":69},[55,102083,80],{"class":73},[55,102085,77],{"class":69},[55,102087,111],{"class":73},[55,102089,9471],{"class":69},[55,102091,102092,102094,102096,102098,102100,102102,102104,102106,102108],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,102093,2743],{"class":61},[55,102095,66],{"class":65},[55,102097,10652],{"class":69},[55,102099,2223],{"class":73},[55,102101,77],{"class":69},[55,102103,85],{"class":73},[55,102105,77],{"class":69},[55,102107,4766],{"class":73},[55,102109,9471],{"class":69},[55,102111,102112],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,102113,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,102115,102116,102118,102120,102122,102124,102126,102128,102130],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,102117,121],{"class":120},[55,102119,103],{"class":69},[55,102121,36],{"class":99},[55,102123,44],{"class":69},[55,102125,2973],{"class":99},[55,102127,103],{"class":69},[55,102129,285],{"class":99},[55,102131,1867],{"class":69},[55,102133,102134,102136,102138,102140,102142,102144,102146,102148],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,102135,121],{"class":120},[55,102137,103],{"class":69},[55,102139,285],{"class":99},[55,102141,44],{"class":69},[55,102143,2973],{"class":99},[55,102145,103],{"class":69},[55,102147,36],{"class":99},[55,102149,1867],{"class":69},[20,102151,302],{},[46,102153,102155],{"className":48,"code":102154,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102156,102157,102169],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102158,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102160,9440],{"class":69},[55,102162,74],{"class":73},[55,102164,77],{"class":69},[55,102166,80],{"class":73},[55,102168,9471],{"class":69},[55,102170,102171,102173,102175,102177,102179],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,102172,9440],{"class":69},[55,102174,2665],{"class":73},[55,102176,77],{"class":69},[55,102178,4766],{"class":73},[55,102180,9471],{"class":69},[20,102182,102183],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[577,102185,102187],{"id":102186},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102189,102190,102192],{},[15,102191,100399],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102194,55448],{},[46,102196,102198],{"className":48,"code":102197,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102199,102200,102220,102236,102240],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102201,102202,102204,102206,102208,102210,102212,102214,102216,102218],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102203,2715],{"class":61},[55,102205,66],{"class":65},[55,102207,70],{"class":69},[55,102209,74],{"class":73},[55,102211,77],{"class":69},[55,102213,80],{"class":73},[55,102215,77],{"class":69},[55,102217,111],{"class":73},[55,102219,88],{"class":69},[55,102221,102222,102224,102226,102228,102230,102232,102234],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,102223,2743],{"class":61},[55,102225,66],{"class":65},[55,102227,70],{"class":69},[55,102229,2223],{"class":73},[55,102231,77],{"class":69},[55,102233,85],{"class":73},[55,102235,88],{"class":69},[55,102237,102238],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,102239,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,102241,102242],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,102243,102244],{"class":133},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102246,102247],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[46,102249,102251],{"className":48,"code":102250,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102252,102253,102273,102289,102293,102319],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102254,102255,102257,102259,102261,102263,102265,102267,102269,102271],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102256,2715],{"class":61},[55,102258,66],{"class":65},[55,102260,70],{"class":69},[55,102262,74],{"class":73},[55,102264,77],{"class":69},[55,102266,80],{"class":73},[55,102268,77],{"class":69},[55,102270,111],{"class":73},[55,102272,88],{"class":69},[55,102274,102275,102277,102279,102281,102283,102285,102287],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,102276,2743],{"class":61},[55,102278,66],{"class":65},[55,102280,70],{"class":69},[55,102282,2223],{"class":73},[55,102284,77],{"class":69},[55,102286,85],{"class":73},[55,102288,88],{"class":69},[55,102290,102291],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,102292,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,102294,102295,102297,102299,102301,102303,102305,102307,102309,102311,102313,102315,102317],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,102296,1255],{"class":61},[55,102298,66],{"class":65},[55,102300,15783],{"class":1898},[55,102302,103],{"class":69},[55,102304,36],{"class":99},[55,102306,8792],{"class":69},[55,102308,2973],{"class":99},[55,102310,103],{"class":69},[55,102312,6445],{"class":1898},[55,102314,103],{"class":69},[55,102316,285],{"class":99},[55,102318,1867],{"class":69},[55,102320,102321,102323,102325,102327],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,102322,121],{"class":120},[55,102324,103],{"class":69},[55,102326,1288],{"class":99},[55,102328,114],{"class":69},[20,102330,302],{},[46,102332,102333],{"className":48,"code":100492,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,102334,102335],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102336,102337,102339,102341,102343,102345],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102338,9440],{"class":69},[55,102340,74],{"class":73},[55,102342,77],{"class":69},[55,102344,80],{"class":73},[55,102346,9471],{"class":69},[577,102348,102350],{"id":102349},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102352,102353],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[46,102355,102357],{"className":48,"code":102356,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102358,102359,102391,102407,102411],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102360,102361,102363,102365,102367,102369,102371,102373,102375,102377,102379,102381,102383,102385,102387,102389],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102362,2715],{"class":61},[55,102364,66],{"class":65},[55,102366,10652],{"class":69},[55,102368,248],{"class":247},[55,102370,37186],{"class":251},[55,102372,248],{"class":247},[55,102374,77],{"class":69},[55,102376,258],{"class":247},[55,102378,58250],{"class":251},[55,102380,248],{"class":247},[55,102382,77],{"class":69},[55,102384,258],{"class":247},[55,102386,58267],{"class":251},[55,102388,248],{"class":247},[55,102390,9471],{"class":69},[55,102392,102393,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403,102405],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,102394,2743],{"class":61},[55,102396,66],{"class":65},[55,102398,10652],{"class":69},[55,102400,248],{"class":247},[55,102402,58250],{"class":251},[55,102404,248],{"class":247},[55,102406,9471],{"class":69},[55,102408,102409],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,102410,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,102412,102413,102415,102417,102419,102421,102423,102425,102427],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,102414,121],{"class":120},[55,102416,103],{"class":69},[55,102418,36],{"class":99},[55,102420,44],{"class":69},[55,102422,2973],{"class":99},[55,102424,103],{"class":69},[55,102426,285],{"class":99},[55,102428,1867],{"class":69},[20,102430,102431],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[577,102433,102435],{"id":102434},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102437,102438],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[46,102440,102442],{"className":48,"code":102441,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102443,102444,102472,102484,102488,102498],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102445,102446,102448,102450,102452,102454,102456,102458,102460,102462,102464,102466,102468,102470],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102447,2715],{"class":61},[55,102449,66],{"class":65},[55,102451,10652],{"class":69},[55,102453,74],{"class":73},[55,102455,77],{"class":69},[55,102457,630],{"class":73},[55,102459,77],{"class":69},[55,102461,80],{"class":73},[55,102463,77],{"class":69},[55,102465,80],{"class":73},[55,102467,77],{"class":69},[55,102469,111],{"class":73},[55,102471,9471],{"class":69},[55,102473,102474,102476,102478,102480,102482],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,102475,2743],{"class":61},[55,102477,66],{"class":65},[55,102479,10652],{"class":69},[55,102481,2223],{"class":73},[55,102483,9471],{"class":69},[55,102485,102486],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,102487,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,102489,102490,102492,102494,102496],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,102491,121],{"class":120},[55,102493,103],{"class":69},[55,102495,36],{"class":99},[55,102497,114],{"class":69},[55,102499,102500,102502,102504,102506,102508,102510,102512,102514],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,102501,121],{"class":120},[55,102503,103],{"class":69},[55,102505,36],{"class":99},[55,102507,44],{"class":69},[55,102509,2973],{"class":99},[55,102511,103],{"class":69},[55,102513,285],{"class":99},[55,102515,1867],{"class":69},[20,102517,302],{},[46,102519,102521],{"className":48,"code":102520,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102522,102523,102539],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102524,102525,102527,102529,102531,102533,102535,102537],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102526,9440],{"class":69},[55,102528,74],{"class":73},[55,102530,77],{"class":69},[55,102532,80],{"class":73},[55,102534,77],{"class":69},[55,102536,111],{"class":73},[55,102538,9471],{"class":69},[55,102540,102541,102543,102545,102547,102549],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,102542,9440],{"class":69},[55,102544,74],{"class":73},[55,102546,77],{"class":69},[55,102548,80],{"class":73},[55,102550,9471],{"class":69},[20,102552,102553,102554,102556],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102555,100399],{}," runs.",[577,102558,102560],{"id":102559},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102562,102563],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[46,102565,102567],{"className":48,"code":102566,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102568,102569,102593,102613,102617,102627,102637,102655,102677],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102570,102571,102573,102575,102577,102579,102581,102583,102585,102587,102589,102591],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102572,2715],{"class":61},[55,102574,66],{"class":65},[55,102576,10652],{"class":69},[55,102578,74],{"class":73},[55,102580,77],{"class":69},[55,102582,80],{"class":73},[55,102584,77],{"class":69},[55,102586,111],{"class":73},[55,102588,77],{"class":69},[55,102590,85],{"class":73},[55,102592,9471],{"class":69},[55,102594,102595,102597,102599,102601,102603,102605,102607,102609,102611],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,102596,2743],{"class":61},[55,102598,66],{"class":65},[55,102600,10652],{"class":69},[55,102602,2223],{"class":73},[55,102604,77],{"class":69},[55,102606,85],{"class":73},[55,102608,77],{"class":69},[55,102610,4766],{"class":73},[55,102612,9471],{"class":69},[55,102614,102615],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,102616,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,102618,102619,102621,102623,102625],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,102620,121],{"class":120},[55,102622,103],{"class":69},[55,102624,36],{"class":99},[55,102626,114],{"class":69},[55,102628,102629,102631,102633,102635],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,102630,121],{"class":120},[55,102632,103],{"class":69},[55,102634,285],{"class":99},[55,102636,114],{"class":69},[55,102638,102639,102641,102643,102645,102647,102649,102651,102653],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,102640,121],{"class":120},[55,102642,103],{"class":69},[55,102644,36],{"class":99},[55,102646,44],{"class":69},[55,102648,2973],{"class":99},[55,102650,103],{"class":69},[55,102652,285],{"class":99},[55,102654,1867],{"class":69},[55,102656,102657,102659,102661,102663,102665,102667,102669,102671,102673,102675],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,102658,121],{"class":120},[55,102660,103],{"class":69},[55,102662,1910],{"class":1898},[55,102664,103],{"class":69},[55,102666,36],{"class":99},[55,102668,44],{"class":69},[55,102670,2973],{"class":99},[55,102672,103],{"class":69},[55,102674,285],{"class":99},[55,102676,3075],{"class":69},[55,102678,102679,102681,102683,102685,102687,102689,102691,102693,102695,102697],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,102680,121],{"class":120},[55,102682,103],{"class":69},[55,102684,1860],{"class":120},[55,102686,103],{"class":69},[55,102688,36],{"class":99},[55,102690,44],{"class":69},[55,102692,2973],{"class":99},[55,102694,103],{"class":69},[55,102696,285],{"class":99},[55,102698,3075],{"class":69},[20,102700,11330],{},[155,102702,102703,102706,102709,102712],{},[158,102704,102705],{},"what is in each set",[158,102707,102708],{},"what result Python creates",[158,102710,102711],{},"that the result is a set",[158,102713,102714],{},"how many items remain",[45059,102716],{},[142,102718,1986],{"id":1985},[577,102720,1990,102722,102724],{"id":102721},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102723,100399],{}," change the original set?",[20,102726,102727],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[577,102729,2022,102731,352,102733,2027],{"id":102730},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102732,100399],{},[15,102734,101310],{},[20,102736,102737,102739,102740,102742],{},[15,102738,100399],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102741,101310],{}," modifies the original set.",[577,102744,28473,102746,102748],{"id":102745},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102747,100399],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102750,102751],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[577,102753,102755],{"id":102754},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102757,102758],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45059,102760],{},[142,102762,2039],{"id":2038},[155,102764,102765,102769,102777],{},[158,102766,102767],{},[36,102768,96313],{"href":97484},[158,102770,102771],{},[36,102772,96799,102774,43],{"href":102773},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102775,102776],{},"intersection()",[158,102778,102779],{},[36,102780,96799,102782,43],{"href":102781},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102783,102784],{},"union()",[2080,102786,102787],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":102789},[102790,102791,102793,102794,102795,102796,102798,102803,102805,102813,102822],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":100521,"depth":91,"text":102792},"What difference() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":17568,"depth":91,"text":17569},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":101140,"depth":91,"text":102797},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101305,"depth":91,"text":102799,"children":102800},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102801,102802],{"id":2973,"depth":117,"text":100399},{"id":101458,"depth":117,"text":101310},{"id":101577,"depth":91,"text":102804},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":102806},[102807,102808,102809,102810,102811,102812],{"id":101847,"depth":117,"text":101848},{"id":102035,"depth":117,"text":102036},{"id":102186,"depth":117,"text":102187},{"id":102349,"depth":117,"text":102350},{"id":102434,"depth":117,"text":102435},{"id":102559,"depth":117,"text":102560},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":102814},[102815,102817,102819,102821],{"id":102721,"depth":117,"text":102816},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102730,"depth":117,"text":102818},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102745,"depth":117,"text":102820},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102754,"depth":117,"text":102755},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100391,"description":102823},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102830,"title":102831,"body":102832,"description":104527,"extension":2124,"meta":104528,"navigation":428,"path":104529,"seo":104530,"stem":104531,"__hash__":104532},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102833,"toc":104489},[102834,102840,102846,102859,102861,102962,102964,103009,103014,103019,103023,103037,103040,103048,103050,103069,103087,103091,103144,103146,103167,103174,103179,103206,103213,103312,103314,103351,103359,103363,103369,103372,103445,103447,103455,103460,103529,103531,103556,103558,103561,103664,103666,103727,103730,103734,103740,103813,103815,103848,103851,103854,103894,103900,103923,103928,103932,103943,103946,103948,103952,103958,103960,104017,104027,104029,104082,104089,104094,104162,104170,104176,104180,104182,104221,104226,104275,104279,104282,104284,104323,104326,104328,104333,104390,104392,104406,104408,104412,104418,104423,104428,104435,104446,104452,104457,104459,104486],[10,102835,96185,102837,18],{"id":102836},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102838,102839],{},"discard()",[20,102841,102842,102845],{},[15,102843,102844],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102847,102848,102849,2352,102854,14204,102856,102858],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[36,102850,102851],{"href":98194},[15,102852,102853],{},"set.remove()",[15,102855,102839],{},[1966,102857,1968],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[142,102860,2165],{"id":2164},[46,102862,102864],{"className":48,"code":102863,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102865,102866,102898,102917,102927,102931,102952],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102867,102868,102870,102872,102874,102876,102878,102880,102882,102884,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102869,372],{"class":61},[55,102871,66],{"class":65},[55,102873,10652],{"class":69},[55,102875,248],{"class":247},[55,102877,381],{"class":251},[55,102879,248],{"class":247},[55,102881,77],{"class":69},[55,102883,258],{"class":247},[55,102885,390],{"class":251},[55,102887,248],{"class":247},[55,102889,77],{"class":69},[55,102891,258],{"class":247},[55,102893,399],{"class":251},[55,102895,248],{"class":247},[55,102897,9471],{"class":69},[55,102899,102900,102902,102904,102907,102909,102911,102913,102915],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,102901,434],{"class":61},[55,102903,44],{"class":69},[55,102905,102906],{"class":99},"discard",[55,102908,103],{"class":69},[55,102910,248],{"class":247},[55,102912,390],{"class":251},[55,102914,248],{"class":247},[55,102916,114],{"class":69},[55,102918,102919,102921,102923,102925],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,102920,121],{"class":120},[55,102922,103],{"class":69},[55,102924,434],{"class":99},[55,102926,114],{"class":69},[55,102928,102929],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,102930,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,102932,102933,102935,102937,102939,102941,102943,102945,102947,102949],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,102934,434],{"class":61},[55,102936,44],{"class":69},[55,102938,102906],{"class":99},[55,102940,103],{"class":69},[55,102942,248],{"class":247},[55,102944,449],{"class":251},[55,102946,248],{"class":247},[55,102948,3825],{"class":69},[55,102950,102951],{"class":133},"  # no error if missing\n",[55,102953,102954,102956,102958,102960],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,102955,121],{"class":120},[55,102957,103],{"class":69},[55,102959,434],{"class":99},[55,102961,114],{"class":69},[20,102963,30174],{},[46,102965,102967],{"className":48,"code":102966,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102968,102969,102989],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102970,102971,102973,102975,102977,102979,102981,102983,102985,102987],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102972,9440],{"class":69},[55,102974,315],{"class":247},[55,102976,381],{"class":251},[55,102978,315],{"class":247},[55,102980,77],{"class":69},[55,102982,324],{"class":247},[55,102984,399],{"class":251},[55,102986,315],{"class":247},[55,102988,9471],{"class":69},[55,102990,102991,102993,102995,102997,102999,103001,103003,103005,103007],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,102992,9440],{"class":69},[55,102994,315],{"class":247},[55,102996,381],{"class":251},[55,102998,315],{"class":247},[55,103000,77],{"class":69},[55,103002,324],{"class":247},[55,103004,399],{"class":251},[55,103006,315],{"class":247},[55,103008,9471],{"class":69},[20,103010,31,103011,103013],{},[15,103012,102839],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[142,103015,145,103017,148],{"id":103016},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103018,102844],{},[20,103020,103021,153],{},[15,103022,102839],{},[155,103024,103025,103028,103031,103033],{},[158,103026,103027],{},"Removes one item from a set",[158,103029,103030],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[158,103032,96300],{},[158,103034,169,103035],{},[15,103036,172],{},[20,103038,103039],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103041,96309,103042,3041,103045,44],{},[36,103043,103044],{"href":98776},"what a set is in Python",[36,103046,103047],{"href":97868},"how to create a set",[142,103049,2319],{"id":2318},[46,103051,103053],{"className":48,"code":103052,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103054,103055],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103056,103057,103059,103061,103063,103065,103067],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103058,15816],{"class":61},[55,103060,44],{"class":69},[55,103062,102906],{"class":99},[55,103064,103],{"class":69},[55,103066,2633],{"class":99},[55,103068,114],{"class":69},[155,103070,103071,103076,103081,103084],{},[158,103072,103073,103075],{},[15,103074,15816],{}," is the set you want to change",[158,103077,103078,103080],{},[15,103079,2633],{}," is the item you want to remove",[158,103082,103083],{},"The set must already exist",[158,103085,103086],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[577,103088,103090],{"id":103089},"example","Example",[46,103092,103094],{"className":48,"code":103093,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103095,103096,103120,103134],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103097,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106,103108,103110,103112,103114,103116,103118],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103099,62],{"class":61},[55,103101,66],{"class":65},[55,103103,10652],{"class":69},[55,103105,74],{"class":73},[55,103107,77],{"class":69},[55,103109,80],{"class":73},[55,103111,77],{"class":69},[55,103113,111],{"class":73},[55,103115,77],{"class":69},[55,103117,85],{"class":73},[55,103119,9471],{"class":69},[55,103121,103122,103124,103126,103128,103130,103132],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,103123,94],{"class":61},[55,103125,44],{"class":69},[55,103127,102906],{"class":99},[55,103129,103],{"class":69},[55,103131,2223],{"class":73},[55,103133,114],{"class":69},[55,103135,103136,103138,103140,103142],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,103137,121],{"class":120},[55,103139,103],{"class":69},[55,103141,94],{"class":99},[55,103143,114],{"class":69},[20,103145,302],{},[46,103147,103149],{"className":48,"code":103148,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103150,103151],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103152,103153,103155,103157,103159,103161,103163,103165],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103154,9440],{"class":69},[55,103156,74],{"class":73},[55,103158,77],{"class":69},[55,103160,80],{"class":73},[55,103162,77],{"class":69},[55,103164,85],{"class":73},[55,103166,9471],{"class":69},[142,103168,103170,103171,103173],{"id":103169},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103172,102839],{}," different",[20,103175,103176,103178],{},[15,103177,102839],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[155,103180,103181,103194,103203],{},[158,103182,103183,103184,2352,103188,103190,103191,103193],{},"Unlike ",[36,103185,103186],{"href":98194},[15,103187,55656],{},[15,103189,102839],{}," does not raise ",[15,103192,19834],{}," when the item is missing",[158,103195,103183,103196,2352,103200,103202],{},[36,103197,103198],{"href":98199},[15,103199,12918],{},[15,103201,102839],{}," removes a specific item",[158,103204,103205],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[577,103207,103209,982,103211],{"id":103208},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103210,102839],{},[15,103212,55656],{},[46,103214,103216],{"className":48,"code":103215,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103217,103218,103242,103246,103267,103277,103281,103302],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103219,103220,103222,103224,103226,103228,103230,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103221,1026],{"class":61},[55,103223,66],{"class":65},[55,103225,10652],{"class":69},[55,103227,248],{"class":247},[55,103229,1035],{"class":251},[55,103231,248],{"class":247},[55,103233,77],{"class":69},[55,103235,258],{"class":247},[55,103237,1072],{"class":251},[55,103239,248],{"class":247},[55,103241,9471],{"class":69},[55,103243,103244],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,103245,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,103247,103248,103250,103252,103254,103256,103258,103260,103262,103264],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,103249,1057],{"class":61},[55,103251,44],{"class":69},[55,103253,102906],{"class":99},[55,103255,103],{"class":69},[55,103257,248],{"class":247},[55,103259,1044],{"class":251},[55,103261,248],{"class":247},[55,103263,3825],{"class":69},[55,103265,103266],{"class":133},"   # no error\n",[55,103268,103269,103271,103273,103275],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,103270,121],{"class":120},[55,103272,103],{"class":69},[55,103274,1057],{"class":99},[55,103276,114],{"class":69},[55,103278,103279],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,103280,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,103282,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293,103295,103297,103299],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,103284,1057],{"class":61},[55,103286,44],{"class":69},[55,103288,34936],{"class":99},[55,103290,103],{"class":69},[55,103292,248],{"class":247},[55,103294,1072],{"class":251},[55,103296,248],{"class":247},[55,103298,3825],{"class":69},[55,103300,103301],{"class":133},"    # removes existing item\n",[55,103303,103304,103306,103308,103310],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,103305,121],{"class":120},[55,103307,103],{"class":69},[55,103309,1057],{"class":99},[55,103311,114],{"class":69},[20,103313,302],{},[46,103315,103317],{"className":48,"code":103316,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103318,103319,103339],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103320,103321,103323,103325,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335,103337],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103322,9440],{"class":69},[55,103324,315],{"class":247},[55,103326,1035],{"class":251},[55,103328,315],{"class":247},[55,103330,77],{"class":69},[55,103332,324],{"class":247},[55,103334,1072],{"class":251},[55,103336,315],{"class":247},[55,103338,9471],{"class":69},[55,103340,103341,103343,103345,103347,103349],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,103342,9440],{"class":69},[55,103344,315],{"class":247},[55,103346,1035],{"class":251},[55,103348,315],{"class":247},[55,103350,9471],{"class":69},[20,103352,40484,103353,103355,103356,103358],{},[15,103354,55656],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[36,103357,11235],{"href":11234}," for more help with that case.",[142,103360,103362],{"id":103361},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103364,103365,2558,103367,44],{},[15,103366,102839],{},[15,103368,172],{},[20,103370,103371],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[46,103373,103375],{"className":48,"code":103374,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103376,103377,103409,103431,103435],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103378,103379,103381,103383,103385,103387,103389,103391,103393,103395,103397,103399,103401,103403,103405,103407],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103380,372],{"class":61},[55,103382,66],{"class":65},[55,103384,10652],{"class":69},[55,103386,248],{"class":247},[55,103388,381],{"class":251},[55,103390,248],{"class":247},[55,103392,77],{"class":69},[55,103394,258],{"class":247},[55,103396,390],{"class":251},[55,103398,248],{"class":247},[55,103400,77],{"class":69},[55,103402,258],{"class":247},[55,103404,399],{"class":251},[55,103406,248],{"class":247},[55,103408,9471],{"class":69},[55,103410,103411,103413,103415,103417,103419,103421,103423,103425,103427,103429],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,103412,1255],{"class":61},[55,103414,66],{"class":65},[55,103416,421],{"class":61},[55,103418,44],{"class":69},[55,103420,102906],{"class":99},[55,103422,103],{"class":69},[55,103424,248],{"class":247},[55,103426,390],{"class":251},[55,103428,248],{"class":247},[55,103430,114],{"class":69},[55,103432,103433],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,103434,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,103436,103437,103439,103441,103443],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,103438,121],{"class":120},[55,103440,103],{"class":69},[55,103442,1288],{"class":99},[55,103444,114],{"class":69},[20,103446,302],{},[46,103448,103449],{"className":48,"code":1313,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,103450,103451],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103452,103453],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103454,1313],{"class":1312},[20,103456,103457,103458,153],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103459,434],{},[46,103461,103463],{"className":48,"code":103462,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103464,103465,103497,103515,103519],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103466,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485,103487,103489,103491,103493,103495],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103468,372],{"class":61},[55,103470,66],{"class":65},[55,103472,10652],{"class":69},[55,103474,248],{"class":247},[55,103476,381],{"class":251},[55,103478,248],{"class":247},[55,103480,77],{"class":69},[55,103482,258],{"class":247},[55,103484,390],{"class":251},[55,103486,248],{"class":247},[55,103488,77],{"class":69},[55,103490,258],{"class":247},[55,103492,399],{"class":251},[55,103494,248],{"class":247},[55,103496,9471],{"class":69},[55,103498,103499,103501,103503,103505,103507,103509,103511,103513],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,103500,434],{"class":61},[55,103502,44],{"class":69},[55,103504,102906],{"class":99},[55,103506,103],{"class":69},[55,103508,248],{"class":247},[55,103510,390],{"class":251},[55,103512,248],{"class":247},[55,103514,114],{"class":69},[55,103516,103517],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,103518,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,103520,103521,103523,103525,103527],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,103522,121],{"class":120},[55,103524,103],{"class":69},[55,103526,434],{"class":99},[55,103528,114],{"class":69},[20,103530,302],{},[46,103532,103534],{"className":48,"code":103533,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103535,103536],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103537,103538,103540,103542,103544,103546,103548,103550,103552,103554],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103539,9440],{"class":69},[55,103541,315],{"class":247},[55,103543,381],{"class":251},[55,103545,315],{"class":247},[55,103547,77],{"class":69},[55,103549,324],{"class":247},[55,103551,399],{"class":251},[55,103553,315],{"class":247},[55,103555,9471],{"class":69},[142,103557,11634],{"id":11633},[20,103559,103560],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[46,103562,103564],{"className":48,"code":103563,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103565,103566,103598,103602,103620,103624,103642,103646],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103567,103568,103570,103572,103574,103576,103578,103580,103582,103584,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594,103596],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103569,36378],{"class":61},[55,103571,66],{"class":65},[55,103573,10652],{"class":69},[55,103575,248],{"class":247},[55,103577,1035],{"class":251},[55,103579,248],{"class":247},[55,103581,77],{"class":69},[55,103583,258],{"class":247},[55,103585,1072],{"class":251},[55,103587,248],{"class":247},[55,103589,77],{"class":69},[55,103591,258],{"class":247},[55,103593,1044],{"class":251},[55,103595,248],{"class":247},[55,103597,9471],{"class":69},[55,103599,103600],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,103601,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,103603,103604,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614,103616,103618],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,103605,121],{"class":120},[55,103607,103],{"class":69},[55,103609,248],{"class":247},[55,103611,414],{"class":251},[55,103613,248],{"class":247},[55,103615,77],{"class":69},[55,103617,52993],{"class":99},[55,103619,114],{"class":69},[55,103621,103622],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,103623,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,103625,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634,103636,103638,103640],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,103627,36430],{"class":61},[55,103629,44],{"class":69},[55,103631,102906],{"class":99},[55,103633,103],{"class":69},[55,103635,248],{"class":247},[55,103637,1072],{"class":251},[55,103639,248],{"class":247},[55,103641,114],{"class":69},[55,103643,103644],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,103645,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,103647,103648,103650,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,103649,121],{"class":120},[55,103651,103],{"class":69},[55,103653,248],{"class":247},[55,103655,11762],{"class":251},[55,103657,248],{"class":247},[55,103659,77],{"class":69},[55,103661,52993],{"class":99},[55,103663,114],{"class":69},[20,103665,302],{},[46,103667,103669],{"className":48,"code":103668,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103670,103671,103703],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103672,103673,103675,103677,103679,103681,103683,103685,103687,103689,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699,103701],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103674,485],{"class":61},[55,103676,153],{"class":69},[55,103678,10652],{"class":69},[55,103680,315],{"class":247},[55,103682,1072],{"class":251},[55,103684,315],{"class":247},[55,103686,77],{"class":69},[55,103688,324],{"class":247},[55,103690,1035],{"class":251},[55,103692,315],{"class":247},[55,103694,77],{"class":69},[55,103696,324],{"class":247},[55,103698,1044],{"class":251},[55,103700,315],{"class":247},[55,103702,9471],{"class":69},[55,103704,103705,103707,103709,103711,103713,103715,103717,103719,103721,103723,103725],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,103706,518],{"class":61},[55,103708,153],{"class":69},[55,103710,10652],{"class":69},[55,103712,315],{"class":247},[55,103714,1035],{"class":251},[55,103716,315],{"class":247},[55,103718,77],{"class":69},[55,103720,324],{"class":247},[55,103722,1044],{"class":251},[55,103724,315],{"class":247},[55,103726,9471],{"class":69},[20,103728,103729],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[142,103731,103733],{"id":103732},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103735,103736,103737,103739],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103738,102839],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[46,103741,103743],{"className":48,"code":103742,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103744,103745,103777,103781,103799,103803],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103746,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103748,36378],{"class":61},[55,103750,66],{"class":65},[55,103752,10652],{"class":69},[55,103754,248],{"class":247},[55,103756,1035],{"class":251},[55,103758,248],{"class":247},[55,103760,77],{"class":69},[55,103762,258],{"class":247},[55,103764,1072],{"class":251},[55,103766,248],{"class":247},[55,103768,77],{"class":69},[55,103770,258],{"class":247},[55,103772,1044],{"class":251},[55,103774,248],{"class":247},[55,103776,9471],{"class":69},[55,103778,103779],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,103780,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,103782,103783,103785,103787,103789,103791,103793,103795,103797],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,103784,36430],{"class":61},[55,103786,44],{"class":69},[55,103788,102906],{"class":99},[55,103790,103],{"class":69},[55,103792,248],{"class":247},[55,103794,1107],{"class":251},[55,103796,248],{"class":247},[55,103798,114],{"class":69},[55,103800,103801],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,103802,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,103804,103805,103807,103809,103811],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,103806,121],{"class":120},[55,103808,103],{"class":69},[55,103810,36430],{"class":99},[55,103812,114],{"class":69},[20,103814,302],{},[46,103816,103818],{"className":48,"code":103817,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103819,103820],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103821,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836,103838,103840,103842,103844,103846],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103823,9440],{"class":69},[55,103825,315],{"class":247},[55,103827,1072],{"class":251},[55,103829,315],{"class":247},[55,103831,77],{"class":69},[55,103833,324],{"class":247},[55,103835,1035],{"class":251},[55,103837,315],{"class":247},[55,103839,77],{"class":69},[55,103841,324],{"class":247},[55,103843,1044],{"class":251},[55,103845,315],{"class":247},[55,103847,9471],{"class":69},[20,103849,103850],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103852,103853],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[46,103855,103857],{"className":48,"code":103856,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103858,103859,103875],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103860,103861,103863,103865,103867,103869,103871,103873],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103862,7157],{"class":4040},[55,103864,258],{"class":247},[55,103866,1107],{"class":251},[55,103868,248],{"class":247},[55,103870,21320],{"class":65},[55,103872,52993],{"class":61},[55,103874,6552],{"class":69},[55,103876,103877,103880,103882,103884,103886,103888,103890,103892],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,103878,103879],{"class":61},"    fruits",[55,103881,44],{"class":69},[55,103883,34936],{"class":99},[55,103885,103],{"class":69},[55,103887,248],{"class":247},[55,103889,1107],{"class":251},[55,103891,248],{"class":247},[55,103893,114],{"class":69},[20,103895,103896,103897,103899],{},"With ",[15,103898,102839],{},", you can simply write:",[46,103901,103903],{"className":48,"code":103902,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103904,103905],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103906,103907,103909,103911,103913,103915,103917,103919,103921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103908,36430],{"class":61},[55,103910,44],{"class":69},[55,103912,102906],{"class":99},[55,103914,103],{"class":69},[55,103916,248],{"class":247},[55,103918,1107],{"class":251},[55,103920,248],{"class":247},[55,103922,114],{"class":69},[142,103924,1937,103926],{"id":103925},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103927,102839],{},[20,103929,31,103930,993],{},[15,103931,102839],{},[155,103933,103934,103937,103940],{},[158,103935,103936],{},"Missing values are normal",[158,103938,103939],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[158,103941,103942],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103944,103945],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[142,103947,2992],{"id":2991},[20,103949,8608,103950,44],{},[15,103951,102839],{},[577,103953,1553,103955,103957],{"id":103954},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103956,102839],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103959,4686],{},[46,103961,103963],{"className":48,"code":103962,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103964,103965,103985,104003,104007],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103966,103967,103969,103971,103973,103975,103977,103979,103981,103983],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103968,62],{"class":61},[55,103970,66],{"class":65},[55,103972,10652],{"class":69},[55,103974,74],{"class":73},[55,103976,77],{"class":69},[55,103978,80],{"class":73},[55,103980,77],{"class":69},[55,103982,111],{"class":73},[55,103984,9471],{"class":69},[55,103986,103987,103989,103991,103993,103995,103997,103999,104001],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,103988,62],{"class":61},[55,103990,66],{"class":65},[55,103992,1260],{"class":61},[55,103994,44],{"class":69},[55,103996,102906],{"class":99},[55,103998,103],{"class":69},[55,104000,106],{"class":73},[55,104002,114],{"class":69},[55,104004,104005],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,104006,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,104008,104009,104011,104013,104015],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,104010,121],{"class":120},[55,104012,103],{"class":69},[55,104014,94],{"class":99},[55,104016,114],{"class":69},[20,104018,104019,42297,104021,8762,104023,2558,104025,44],{},[15,104020,94],{},[15,104022,172],{},[15,104024,102839],{},[15,104026,172],{},[20,104028,18987],{},[46,104030,104032],{"className":48,"code":104031,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104033,104034,104054,104068,104072],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104035,104036,104038,104040,104042,104044,104046,104048,104050,104052],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104037,62],{"class":61},[55,104039,66],{"class":65},[55,104041,10652],{"class":69},[55,104043,74],{"class":73},[55,104045,77],{"class":69},[55,104047,80],{"class":73},[55,104049,77],{"class":69},[55,104051,111],{"class":73},[55,104053,9471],{"class":69},[55,104055,104056,104058,104060,104062,104064,104066],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,104057,94],{"class":61},[55,104059,44],{"class":69},[55,104061,102906],{"class":99},[55,104063,103],{"class":69},[55,104065,106],{"class":73},[55,104067,114],{"class":69},[55,104069,104070],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,104071,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,104073,104074,104076,104078,104080],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,104075,121],{"class":120},[55,104077,103],{"class":69},[55,104079,94],{"class":99},[55,104081,114],{"class":69},[577,104083,37343,104085,8866,104087],{"id":104084},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104086,102839],{},[15,104088,55656],{},[20,104090,104091,104092,44],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104093,102839],{},[46,104095,104097],{"className":48,"code":104096,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104098,104099,104131,104152],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104100,104101,104103,104105,104107,104109,104111,104113,104115,104117,104119,104121,104123,104125,104127,104129],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104102,240],{"class":61},[55,104104,66],{"class":65},[55,104106,10652],{"class":69},[55,104108,248],{"class":247},[55,104110,36],{"class":251},[55,104112,248],{"class":247},[55,104114,77],{"class":69},[55,104116,258],{"class":247},[55,104118,285],{"class":251},[55,104120,248],{"class":247},[55,104122,77],{"class":69},[55,104124,258],{"class":247},[55,104126,261],{"class":251},[55,104128,248],{"class":247},[55,104130,9471],{"class":69},[55,104132,104133,104135,104137,104139,104141,104143,104145,104147,104149],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,104134,270],{"class":61},[55,104136,44],{"class":69},[55,104138,102906],{"class":99},[55,104140,103],{"class":69},[55,104142,248],{"class":247},[55,104144,22224],{"class":251},[55,104146,248],{"class":247},[55,104148,3825],{"class":69},[55,104150,104151],{"class":133},"   # safe\n",[55,104153,104154,104156,104158,104160],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,104155,121],{"class":120},[55,104157,103],{"class":69},[55,104159,270],{"class":99},[55,104161,114],{"class":69},[20,104163,104164,104165,46051,104168,44],{},"If you use ",[15,104166,104167],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104169,19834],{},[577,104171,25761,104173,104175],{"id":104172},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104174,102839],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104177,104178,102192],{},[15,104179,102839],{},[20,104181,1343],{},[46,104183,104185],{"className":48,"code":104184,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104186,104187,104207],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104188,104189,104191,104193,104195,104197,104199,104201,104203,104205],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104190,1026],{"class":61},[55,104192,66],{"class":65},[55,104194,70],{"class":69},[55,104196,74],{"class":73},[55,104198,77],{"class":69},[55,104200,80],{"class":73},[55,104202,77],{"class":69},[55,104204,111],{"class":73},[55,104206,88],{"class":69},[55,104208,104209,104211,104213,104215,104217,104219],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,104210,1057],{"class":61},[55,104212,44],{"class":69},[55,104214,102906],{"class":99},[55,104216,103],{"class":69},[55,104218,106],{"class":73},[55,104220,114],{"class":69},[20,104222,104223,104224,153],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104225,102839],{},[46,104227,104229],{"className":48,"code":104228,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104230,104231,104251,104265],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104232,104233,104235,104237,104239,104241,104243,104245,104247,104249],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104234,1026],{"class":61},[55,104236,66],{"class":65},[55,104238,10652],{"class":69},[55,104240,74],{"class":73},[55,104242,77],{"class":69},[55,104244,80],{"class":73},[55,104246,77],{"class":69},[55,104248,111],{"class":73},[55,104250,9471],{"class":69},[55,104252,104253,104255,104257,104259,104261,104263],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,104254,1057],{"class":61},[55,104256,44],{"class":69},[55,104258,102906],{"class":99},[55,104260,103],{"class":69},[55,104262,106],{"class":73},[55,104264,114],{"class":69},[55,104266,104267,104269,104271,104273],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,104268,121],{"class":120},[55,104270,103],{"class":69},[55,104272,1057],{"class":99},[55,104274,114],{"class":69},[577,104276,104278],{"id":104277},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104280,104281],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104283,2999],{},[46,104285,104287],{"className":48,"code":104286,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104288,104289,104309],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104290,104291,104293,104295,104297,104299,104301,104303,104305,104307],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104292,9327],{"class":61},[55,104294,66],{"class":65},[55,104296,10652],{"class":69},[55,104298,74],{"class":73},[55,104300,77],{"class":69},[55,104302,80],{"class":73},[55,104304,77],{"class":69},[55,104306,111],{"class":73},[55,104308,9471],{"class":69},[55,104310,104311,104313,104315,104317,104319,104321],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,104312,9366],{"class":61},[55,104314,44],{"class":69},[55,104316,102906],{"class":99},[55,104318,3149],{"class":69},[55,104320,106],{"class":73},[55,104322,1777],{"class":69},[20,104324,104325],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[142,104327,9034],{"id":9033},[20,104329,1833,104330,104332],{},[15,104331,102839],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[46,104334,104336],{"className":48,"code":104335,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104337,104338,104348,104362,104376],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104339,104340,104342,104344,104346],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104341,121],{"class":120},[55,104343,103],{"class":69},[55,104345,15816],{"class":99},[55,104347,114],{"class":69},[55,104349,104350,104352,104354,104356,104358,104360],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,104351,121],{"class":120},[55,104353,103],{"class":69},[55,104355,1910],{"class":1898},[55,104357,103],{"class":69},[55,104359,15816],{"class":99},[55,104361,1867],{"class":69},[55,104363,104364,104366,104368,104370,104372,104374],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,104365,121],{"class":120},[55,104367,103],{"class":69},[55,104369,2608],{"class":99},[55,104371,4047],{"class":4040},[55,104373,96909],{"class":99},[55,104375,114],{"class":69},[55,104377,104378,104380,104382,104384,104386,104388],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,104379,1893],{"class":120},[55,104381,103],{"class":69},[55,104383,6445],{"class":1898},[55,104385,44],{"class":69},[55,104387,102906],{"class":1880},[55,104389,114],{"class":69},[20,104391,11330],{},[155,104393,104394,104397,104400,104403],{},[158,104395,104396],{},"What is currently in the set",[158,104398,104399],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[158,104401,104402],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[158,104404,104405],{},"How Python documents the method",[142,104407,1986],{"id":1985},[577,104409,104411],{"id":104410},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104413,104414,104415,104417],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104416,102839],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[577,104419,5303,104421,12871],{"id":104420},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104422,102844],{},[20,104424,5309,104425,104427],{},[15,104426,172],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[577,104429,2022,104431,352,104433,2027],{"id":104430},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104432,102839],{},[15,104434,55656],{},[20,104436,104437,104438,26682,104440,104442,104443,104445],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104439,55656],{},[15,104441,19834],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104444,102839],{}," does not.",[577,104447,28473,104449,104451],{"id":104448},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104450,102839],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104453,46508,104454,104456],{},[15,104455,102839],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[142,104458,2039],{"id":2038},[155,104460,104461,104467,104473,104478,104482],{},[158,104462,104463],{},[36,104464,96799,104465,43],{"href":98194},[15,104466,55656],{},[158,104468,104469],{},[36,104470,96799,104471,43],{"href":98199},[15,104472,12918],{},[158,104474,104475],{},[36,104476,104477],{"href":97868},"Python set: creating a set",[158,104479,104480],{},[36,104481,100334],{"href":98776},[158,104483,104484],{},[36,104485,11422],{"href":11234},[2080,104487,104488],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":104490},[104491,104492,104494,104497,104502,104503,104504,104505,104507,104516,104517,104526],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":103016,"depth":91,"text":104493},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319,"children":104495},[104496],{"id":103089,"depth":117,"text":103090},{"id":103169,"depth":91,"text":104498,"children":104499},"What makes discard() different",[104500],{"id":103208,"depth":117,"text":104501},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103361,"depth":91,"text":103362},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":103732,"depth":91,"text":103733},{"id":103925,"depth":91,"text":104506},"When to use discard()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":104508},[104509,104511,104513,104515],{"id":103954,"depth":117,"text":104510},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104084,"depth":117,"text":104512},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104172,"depth":117,"text":104514},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104277,"depth":117,"text":104278},{"id":9033,"depth":91,"text":9034},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":104518},[104519,104520,104522,104524],{"id":104410,"depth":117,"text":104411},{"id":104420,"depth":117,"text":104521},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104430,"depth":117,"text":104523},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104448,"depth":117,"text":104525},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102831,"description":104527},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104534,"title":104535,"body":104536,"description":106542,"extension":2124,"meta":106543,"navigation":428,"path":106544,"seo":106545,"stem":106546,"__hash__":106547},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104537,"toc":106500},[104538,104541,104549,104554,104565,104567,104622,104626,104646,104651,104655,104660,104662,104676,104678,104753,104755,104788,104793,104798,104800,104802,104817,104820,104828,104833,104848,104850,104939,104941,105030,105036,105040,105042,105080,105082,105106,105109,105124,105126,105181,105183,105216,105218,105223,105227,105231,105236,105301,105303,105323,105329,105333,105390,105392,105413,105417,105422,105467,105469,105502,105505,105509,105542,105544,105573,105577,105581,105584,105586,105605,105607,105653,105658,105672,105674,105705,105710,105713,105757,105759,105787,105791,105795,105811,105814,105879,105881,105893,105896,105900,105903,105908,105936,105938,105956,105962,106001,106003,106021,106027,106056,106058,106076,106079,106096,106098,106103,106107,106110,106136,106143,106148,106163,106172,106176,106179,106210,106216,106219,106228,106231,106233,106235,106293,106296,106321,106323,106327,106330,106334,106342,106346,106349,106353,106356,106358,106381,106383,106424,106431,106439,106442,106473,106475,106497],[10,104539,104535],{"id":104540},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104542,9284,104543,104545,104546,44],{},[15,104544,3960],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[1966,104547,104548],{},"unique values only",[20,104550,35547,104551,104553],{},[15,104552,3960],{}," to:",[155,104555,104556,104559,104562],{},[158,104557,104558],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[158,104560,104561],{},"check whether a value exists",[158,104563,104564],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[142,104566,2165],{"id":2164},[46,104568,104570],{"className":48,"code":104569,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104571,104572,104596,104611],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104573,104574,104576,104578,104580,104582,104584,104586,104588,104590,104592,104594],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104575,62],{"class":61},[55,104577,66],{"class":65},[55,104579,70],{"class":69},[55,104581,74],{"class":73},[55,104583,77],{"class":69},[55,104585,80],{"class":73},[55,104587,77],{"class":69},[55,104589,80],{"class":73},[55,104591,77],{"class":69},[55,104593,111],{"class":73},[55,104595,88],{"class":69},[55,104597,104598,104601,104603,104605,104607,104609],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,104599,104600],{"class":61},"unique_numbers ",[55,104602,66],{"class":65},[55,104604,15783],{"class":1898},[55,104606,103],{"class":69},[55,104608,94],{"class":99},[55,104610,114],{"class":69},[55,104612,104613,104615,104617,104620],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,104614,121],{"class":120},[55,104616,103],{"class":69},[55,104618,104619],{"class":99},"unique_numbers",[55,104621,114],{"class":69},[20,104623,104624],{},[1966,104625,302],{},[46,104627,104628],{"className":48,"code":96592,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,104629,104630],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104631,104632,104634,104636,104638,104640,104642,104644],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104633,9440],{"class":69},[55,104635,74],{"class":73},[55,104637,77],{"class":69},[55,104639,80],{"class":73},[55,104641,77],{"class":69},[55,104643,111],{"class":73},[55,104645,9471],{"class":69},[20,104647,31,104648,104650],{},[15,104649,3960],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[142,104652,104654],{"id":104653},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104656,104657,104659],{},[15,104658,3960],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104661,30684],{},[155,104663,104664,104667,104670,104673],{},[158,104665,104666],{},"A set stores unique items only",[158,104668,104669],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[158,104671,104672],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[158,104674,104675],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104677,230],{},[46,104679,104681],{"className":48,"code":104680,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104682,104683,104723,104738,104742],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104684,104685,104687,104689,104691,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701,104703,104705,104707,104709,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104686,372],{"class":61},[55,104688,66],{"class":65},[55,104690,70],{"class":69},[55,104692,248],{"class":247},[55,104694,381],{"class":251},[55,104696,248],{"class":247},[55,104698,77],{"class":69},[55,104700,258],{"class":247},[55,104702,390],{"class":251},[55,104704,248],{"class":247},[55,104706,77],{"class":69},[55,104708,258],{"class":247},[55,104710,381],{"class":251},[55,104712,248],{"class":247},[55,104714,77],{"class":69},[55,104716,258],{"class":247},[55,104718,399],{"class":251},[55,104720,248],{"class":247},[55,104722,88],{"class":69},[55,104724,104725,104728,104730,104732,104734,104736],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,104726,104727],{"class":61},"unique_colors ",[55,104729,66],{"class":65},[55,104731,15783],{"class":1898},[55,104733,103],{"class":69},[55,104735,434],{"class":99},[55,104737,114],{"class":69},[55,104739,104740],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,104741,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,104743,104744,104746,104748,104751],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,104745,121],{"class":120},[55,104747,103],{"class":69},[55,104749,104750],{"class":99},"unique_colors",[55,104752,114],{"class":69},[20,104754,30174],{},[46,104756,104758],{"className":48,"code":104757,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104759,104760],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104761,104762,104764,104766,104768,104770,104772,104774,104776,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104763,9440],{"class":69},[55,104765,315],{"class":247},[55,104767,390],{"class":251},[55,104769,315],{"class":247},[55,104771,77],{"class":69},[55,104773,324],{"class":247},[55,104775,399],{"class":251},[55,104777,315],{"class":247},[55,104779,77],{"class":69},[55,104781,324],{"class":247},[55,104783,381],{"class":251},[55,104785,315],{"class":247},[55,104787,9471],{"class":69},[20,104789,2448,104790,104792],{},[15,104791,65517],{}," appears only once.",[20,104794,104795,104796,44],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[36,104797,96313],{"href":96312},[142,104799,2319],{"id":2318},[20,104801,2322],{},[46,104803,104805],{"className":48,"code":104804,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104806,104807],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104808,104809,104811,104813,104815],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104810,6445],{"class":1898},[55,104812,103],{"class":69},[55,104814,3884],{"class":99},[55,104816,114],{"class":69},[20,104818,104819],{},"The argument is optional.",[155,104821,104822,104825],{},[158,104823,104824],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[158,104826,104827],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104829,104830,104831,153],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104832,3960],{},[155,104834,104835,104837,104839,104841,104845],{},[158,104836,1899],{},[158,104838,49097],{},[158,104840,61298],{},[158,104842,104843],{},[15,104844,36337],{},[158,104846,104847],{},"another set",[20,104849,2286],{},[46,104851,104853],{"className":48,"code":104852,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104854,104855,104881,104903,104921],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104856,104857,104859,104861,104863,104865,104867,104869,104871,104873,104875,104877,104879],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104858,121],{"class":120},[55,104860,103],{"class":69},[55,104862,6445],{"class":1898},[55,104864,3149],{"class":69},[55,104866,74],{"class":73},[55,104868,77],{"class":69},[55,104870,80],{"class":73},[55,104872,77],{"class":69},[55,104874,80],{"class":73},[55,104876,77],{"class":69},[55,104878,111],{"class":73},[55,104880,3162],{"class":69},[55,104882,104883,104885,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895,104897,104899,104901],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,104884,121],{"class":120},[55,104886,103],{"class":69},[55,104888,6445],{"class":1898},[55,104890,5669],{"class":69},[55,104892,800],{"class":73},[55,104894,77],{"class":69},[55,104896,7951],{"class":73},[55,104898,77],{"class":69},[55,104900,6162],{"class":73},[55,104902,3075],{"class":69},[55,104904,104905,104907,104909,104911,104913,104915,104917,104919],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,104906,121],{"class":120},[55,104908,103],{"class":69},[55,104910,6445],{"class":1898},[55,104912,103],{"class":69},[55,104914,248],{"class":247},[55,104916,4009],{"class":251},[55,104918,248],{"class":247},[55,104920,1867],{"class":69},[55,104922,104923,104925,104927,104929,104931,104933,104935,104937],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,104924,121],{"class":120},[55,104926,103],{"class":69},[55,104928,6445],{"class":1898},[55,104930,103],{"class":69},[55,104932,60122],{"class":120},[55,104934,103],{"class":69},[55,104936,2665],{"class":73},[55,104938,3075],{"class":69},[20,104940,30174],{},[46,104942,104944],{"className":48,"code":104943,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104945,104946,104962,104974,105010],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104947,104948,104950,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104949,9440],{"class":69},[55,104951,74],{"class":73},[55,104953,77],{"class":69},[55,104955,80],{"class":73},[55,104957,77],{"class":69},[55,104959,111],{"class":73},[55,104961,9471],{"class":69},[55,104963,104964,104966,104968,104970,104972],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,104965,9440],{"class":69},[55,104967,800],{"class":73},[55,104969,77],{"class":69},[55,104971,7951],{"class":73},[55,104973,9471],{"class":69},[55,104975,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996,104998,105000,105002,105004,105006,105008],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,104977,9440],{"class":69},[55,104979,315],{"class":247},[55,104981,60562],{"class":251},[55,104983,315],{"class":247},[55,104985,77],{"class":69},[55,104987,324],{"class":247},[55,104989,60571],{"class":251},[55,104991,315],{"class":247},[55,104993,77],{"class":69},[55,104995,324],{"class":247},[55,104997,60580],{"class":251},[55,104999,315],{"class":247},[55,105001,77],{"class":69},[55,105003,324],{"class":247},[55,105005,60597],{"class":251},[55,105007,315],{"class":247},[55,105009,9471],{"class":69},[55,105011,105012,105014,105016,105018,105020,105022,105024,105026,105028],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,105013,9440],{"class":69},[55,105015,227],{"class":73},[55,105017,77],{"class":69},[55,105019,630],{"class":73},[55,105021,77],{"class":69},[55,105023,80],{"class":73},[55,105025,77],{"class":69},[55,105027,111],{"class":73},[55,105029,9471],{"class":69},[20,105031,105032,105033,44],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[36,105034,105035],{"href":64972},"Python list() function explained",[142,105037,105039],{"id":105038},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105041,98265],{},[46,105043,105044],{"className":48,"code":99230,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,105045,105046,105056,105066],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105047,105048,105050,105052,105054],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105049,98275],{"class":61},[55,105051,66],{"class":65},[55,105053,15783],{"class":1898},[55,105055,8804],{"class":69},[55,105057,105058,105060,105062,105064],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,105059,121],{"class":120},[55,105061,103],{"class":69},[55,105063,98294],{"class":99},[55,105065,114],{"class":69},[55,105067,105068,105070,105072,105074,105076,105078],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,105069,121],{"class":120},[55,105071,103],{"class":69},[55,105073,1910],{"class":1898},[55,105075,103],{"class":69},[55,105077,98294],{"class":99},[55,105079,1867],{"class":69},[20,105081,302],{},[46,105083,105084],{"className":48,"code":99273,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,105085,105086,105092],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105087,105088,105090],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105089,6445],{"class":1898},[55,105091,8804],{"class":69},[55,105093,105094,105096,105098,105100,105102,105104],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,105095,3454],{"class":65},[55,105097,3457],{"class":2226},[55,105099,324],{"class":247},[55,105101,6445],{"class":251},[55,105103,315],{"class":247},[55,105105,3466],{"class":65},[20,105107,105108],{},"This is important because:",[155,105110,105111,105116],{},[158,105112,105113,105115],{},[15,105114,3960],{}," creates an empty set",[158,105117,105118,105120,105121,105123],{},[15,105119,3955],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[1966,105122,1968],{}," a set",[20,105125,230],{},[46,105127,105129],{"className":48,"code":105128,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105130,105131,105141,105149,105153,105167],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105132,105133,105135,105137,105139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105134,2715],{"class":61},[55,105136,66],{"class":65},[55,105138,15783],{"class":1898},[55,105140,8804],{"class":69},[55,105142,105143,105145,105147],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,105144,2743],{"class":61},[55,105146,66],{"class":65},[55,105148,10000],{"class":69},[55,105150,105151],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,105152,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,105154,105155,105157,105159,105161,105163,105165],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,105156,121],{"class":120},[55,105158,103],{"class":69},[55,105160,1910],{"class":1898},[55,105162,103],{"class":69},[55,105164,36],{"class":99},[55,105166,1867],{"class":69},[55,105168,105169,105171,105173,105175,105177,105179],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,105170,121],{"class":120},[55,105172,103],{"class":69},[55,105174,1910],{"class":1898},[55,105176,103],{"class":69},[55,105178,285],{"class":99},[55,105180,1867],{"class":69},[20,105182,302],{},[46,105184,105186],{"className":48,"code":105185,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105187,105188,105202],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105189,105190,105192,105194,105196,105198,105200],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105191,3454],{"class":65},[55,105193,3457],{"class":2226},[55,105195,324],{"class":247},[55,105197,6445],{"class":251},[55,105199,315],{"class":247},[55,105201,3466],{"class":65},[55,105203,105204,105206,105208,105210,105212,105214],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,105205,3454],{"class":65},[55,105207,3457],{"class":2226},[55,105209,324],{"class":247},[55,105211,8983],{"class":251},[55,105213,315],{"class":247},[55,105215,3466],{"class":65},[20,105217,14199],{},[20,105219,105220,105221,44],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[36,105222,104477],{"href":96316},[142,105224,105226],{"id":105225},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[577,105228,105230],{"id":105229},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105232,105233,105234,44],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105235,3960],{},[46,105237,105239],{"className":48,"code":105238,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105240,105241,105273,105287,105291],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105242,105243,105245,105247,105249,105251,105253,105255,105257,105259,105261,105263,105265,105267,105269,105271],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105244,62],{"class":61},[55,105246,66],{"class":65},[55,105248,70],{"class":69},[55,105250,74],{"class":73},[55,105252,77],{"class":69},[55,105254,80],{"class":73},[55,105256,77],{"class":69},[55,105258,80],{"class":73},[55,105260,77],{"class":69},[55,105262,111],{"class":73},[55,105264,77],{"class":69},[55,105266,111],{"class":73},[55,105268,77],{"class":69},[55,105270,111],{"class":73},[55,105272,88],{"class":69},[55,105274,105275,105277,105279,105281,105283,105285],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,105276,1255],{"class":61},[55,105278,66],{"class":65},[55,105280,15783],{"class":1898},[55,105282,103],{"class":69},[55,105284,94],{"class":99},[55,105286,114],{"class":69},[55,105288,105289],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,105290,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,105292,105293,105295,105297,105299],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,105294,121],{"class":120},[55,105296,103],{"class":69},[55,105298,1288],{"class":99},[55,105300,114],{"class":69},[20,105302,302],{},[46,105304,105305],{"className":48,"code":96592,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,105306,105307],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105308,105309,105311,105313,105315,105317,105319,105321],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105310,9440],{"class":69},[55,105312,74],{"class":73},[55,105314,77],{"class":69},[55,105316,80],{"class":73},[55,105318,77],{"class":69},[55,105320,111],{"class":73},[55,105322,9471],{"class":69},[20,105324,105325,105326,44],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[36,105327,99063],{"href":105328},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[577,105330,105332],{"id":105331},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[46,105334,105336],{"className":48,"code":105335,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105337,105338,105362,105376,105380],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105339,105340,105342,105344,105346,105348,105350,105352,105354,105356,105358,105360],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105341,3986],{"class":61},[55,105343,66],{"class":65},[55,105345,9398],{"class":69},[55,105347,2297],{"class":73},[55,105349,77],{"class":69},[55,105351,4766],{"class":73},[55,105353,77],{"class":69},[55,105355,6162],{"class":73},[55,105357,77],{"class":69},[55,105359,38076],{"class":73},[55,105361,114],{"class":69},[55,105363,105364,105366,105368,105370,105372,105374],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,105365,1255],{"class":61},[55,105367,66],{"class":65},[55,105369,15783],{"class":1898},[55,105371,103],{"class":69},[55,105373,5519],{"class":99},[55,105375,114],{"class":69},[55,105377,105378],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,105379,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,105381,105382,105384,105386,105388],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,105383,121],{"class":120},[55,105385,103],{"class":69},[55,105387,1288],{"class":99},[55,105389,114],{"class":69},[20,105391,302],{},[46,105393,105395],{"className":48,"code":105394,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105396,105397],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105398,105399,105401,105403,105405,105407,105409,105411],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105400,9440],{"class":69},[55,105402,2297],{"class":73},[55,105404,77],{"class":69},[55,105406,6162],{"class":73},[55,105408,77],{"class":69},[55,105410,38076],{"class":73},[55,105412,9471],{"class":69},[577,105414,105416],{"id":105415},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105418,51271,105419,105421],{},[15,105420,3960],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[46,105423,105425],{"className":48,"code":105424,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105426,105427,105439,105453,105457],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105428,105429,105431,105433,105435,105437],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105430,34829],{"class":61},[55,105432,66],{"class":65},[55,105434,258],{"class":247},[55,105436,1072],{"class":251},[55,105438,3522],{"class":247},[55,105440,105441,105443,105445,105447,105449,105451],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,105442,1255],{"class":61},[55,105444,66],{"class":65},[55,105446,15783],{"class":1898},[55,105448,103],{"class":69},[55,105450,34850],{"class":99},[55,105452,114],{"class":69},[55,105454,105455],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,105456,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,105458,105459,105461,105463,105465],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,105460,121],{"class":120},[55,105462,103],{"class":69},[55,105464,1288],{"class":99},[55,105466,114],{"class":69},[20,105468,30174],{},[46,105470,105472],{"className":48,"code":105471,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105473,105474],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105475,105476,105478,105480,105482,105484,105486,105488,105490,105492,105494,105496,105498,105500],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105477,9440],{"class":69},[55,105479,315],{"class":247},[55,105481,285],{"class":251},[55,105483,315],{"class":247},[55,105485,77],{"class":69},[55,105487,324],{"class":247},[55,105489,36],{"class":251},[55,105491,315],{"class":247},[55,105493,77],{"class":69},[55,105495,324],{"class":247},[55,105497,76012],{"class":251},[55,105499,315],{"class":247},[55,105501,9471],{"class":69},[20,105503,105504],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[577,105506,105508],{"id":105507},"from-range","From range()",[46,105510,105512],{"className":48,"code":105511,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105513,105514,105532],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105515,105516,105518,105520,105522,105524,105526,105528,105530],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105517,1255],{"class":61},[55,105519,66],{"class":65},[55,105521,15783],{"class":1898},[55,105523,103],{"class":69},[55,105525,60122],{"class":120},[55,105527,103],{"class":69},[55,105529,2297],{"class":73},[55,105531,1867],{"class":69},[55,105533,105534,105536,105538,105540],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,105535,121],{"class":120},[55,105537,103],{"class":69},[55,105539,1288],{"class":99},[55,105541,114],{"class":69},[20,105543,302],{},[46,105545,105547],{"className":48,"code":105546,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105548,105549],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105550,105551,105553,105555,105557,105559,105561,105563,105565,105567,105569,105571],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105552,9440],{"class":69},[55,105554,227],{"class":73},[55,105556,77],{"class":69},[55,105558,630],{"class":73},[55,105560,77],{"class":69},[55,105562,80],{"class":73},[55,105564,77],{"class":69},[55,105566,111],{"class":73},[55,105568,77],{"class":69},[55,105570,85],{"class":73},[55,105572,9471],{"class":69},[142,105574,105576],{"id":105575},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105578,99510,105579,44],{},[1966,105580,96356],{},[20,105582,105583],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105585,99516],{},[155,105587,105588,105592,105596,105600],{},[158,105589,105590],{},[15,105591,2351],{},[158,105593,105594],{},[15,105595,3607],{},[158,105597,105598],{},[15,105599,2355],{},[158,105601,105602,105604],{},[15,105603,49097],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105606,230],{},[46,105608,105610],{"className":48,"code":105609,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105611,105612,105643],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105613,105614,105616,105618,105620,105622,105624,105626,105628,105630,105632,105634,105636,105638,105640],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105615,1026],{"class":61},[55,105617,66],{"class":65},[55,105619,10652],{"class":69},[55,105621,74],{"class":73},[55,105623,77],{"class":69},[55,105625,258],{"class":247},[55,105627,4009],{"class":251},[55,105629,248],{"class":247},[55,105631,77],{"class":69},[55,105633,9398],{"class":69},[55,105635,800],{"class":73},[55,105637,77],{"class":69},[55,105639,7951],{"class":73},[55,105641,105642],{"class":69},")}\n",[55,105644,105645,105647,105649,105651],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,105646,121],{"class":120},[55,105648,103],{"class":69},[55,105650,1057],{"class":99},[55,105652,114],{"class":69},[20,105654,99578,105655,105657],{},[1966,105656,1968],{}," work inside a set:",[155,105659,105660,105664,105668],{},[158,105661,105662],{},[15,105663,1899],{},[158,105665,105666],{},[15,105667,8983],{},[158,105669,105670],{},[15,105671,6445],{},[20,105673,97081],{},[46,105675,105677],{"className":48,"code":105676,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105678,105679],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105680,105681,105683,105685,105687,105689,105691,105693,105695,105697,105699,105701,105703],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105682,99597],{"class":61},[55,105684,66],{"class":65},[55,105686,99602],{"class":69},[55,105688,74],{"class":73},[55,105690,77],{"class":69},[55,105692,80],{"class":73},[55,105694,1813],{"class":69},[55,105696,70],{"class":69},[55,105698,2223],{"class":73},[55,105700,77],{"class":69},[55,105702,85],{"class":73},[55,105704,13856],{"class":69},[20,105706,76840,105707,105709],{},[15,105708,3168],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105711,105712],{},"A safer example:",[46,105714,105716],{"className":48,"code":105715,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105717,105718,105746],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105719,105720,105723,105725,105728,105730,105732,105734,105736,105738,105740,105742,105744],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105721,105722],{"class":61},"good_set ",[55,105724,66],{"class":65},[55,105726,105727],{"class":69}," {(",[55,105729,74],{"class":73},[55,105731,77],{"class":69},[55,105733,80],{"class":73},[55,105735,9395],{"class":69},[55,105737,9398],{"class":69},[55,105739,2223],{"class":73},[55,105741,77],{"class":69},[55,105743,85],{"class":73},[55,105745,105642],{"class":69},[55,105747,105748,105750,105752,105755],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,105749,121],{"class":120},[55,105751,103],{"class":69},[55,105753,105754],{"class":99},"good_set",[55,105756,114],{"class":69},[20,105758,302],{},[46,105760,105762],{"className":48,"code":105761,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105763,105764],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105765,105766,105769,105771,105773,105775,105777,105779,105781,105783,105785],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105767,105768],{"class":69},"{(",[55,105770,74],{"class":73},[55,105772,77],{"class":69},[55,105774,80],{"class":73},[55,105776,9395],{"class":69},[55,105778,9398],{"class":69},[55,105780,2223],{"class":73},[55,105782,77],{"class":69},[55,105784,85],{"class":73},[55,105786,105642],{"class":69},[142,105788,105790],{"id":105789},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105792,31,105793,993],{},[15,105794,3960],{},[155,105796,105797,105800,105805,105808],{},[158,105798,105799],{},"you need unique values only",[158,105801,105802,105803],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105804,4047],{},[158,105806,105807],{},"order does not matter",[158,105809,105810],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105812,105813],{},"Example of membership checking:",[46,105815,105817],{"className":48,"code":105816,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105818,105819,105844,105848,105864],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105820,105821,105824,105826,105828,105830,105832,105834,105837,105839,105842],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105822,105823],{"class":61},"allowed_ids ",[55,105825,66],{"class":65},[55,105827,15783],{"class":1898},[55,105829,3149],{"class":69},[55,105831,46735],{"class":73},[55,105833,77],{"class":69},[55,105835,105836],{"class":73}," 102",[55,105838,77],{"class":69},[55,105840,105841],{"class":73}," 103",[55,105843,1777],{"class":69},[55,105845,105846],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,105847,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,105849,105850,105852,105854,105857,105859,105862],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,105851,121],{"class":120},[55,105853,103],{"class":69},[55,105855,105856],{"class":73},"102",[55,105858,21320],{"class":4040},[55,105860,105861],{"class":99}," allowed_ids",[55,105863,114],{"class":69},[55,105865,105866,105868,105870,105873,105875,105877],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,105867,121],{"class":120},[55,105869,103],{"class":69},[55,105871,105872],{"class":73},"999",[55,105874,21320],{"class":4040},[55,105876,105861],{"class":99},[55,105878,114],{"class":69},[20,105880,302],{},[46,105882,105883],{"className":48,"code":44316,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,105884,105885,105889],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105886,105887],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105888,4143],{"class":1312},[55,105890,105891],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,105892,4204],{"class":1312},[20,105894,105895],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[142,105897,105899],{"id":105898},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105901,105902],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[577,105904,31,105906,98207],{"id":105905},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105907,3960],{},[46,105909,105910],{"className":48,"code":98268,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,105911,105912,105922],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105913,105914,105916,105918,105920],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105915,98275],{"class":61},[55,105917,66],{"class":65},[55,105919,15783],{"class":1898},[55,105921,8804],{"class":69},[55,105923,105924,105926,105928,105930,105932,105934],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,105925,121],{"class":120},[55,105927,103],{"class":69},[55,105929,1910],{"class":1898},[55,105931,103],{"class":69},[55,105933,98294],{"class":99},[55,105935,1867],{"class":69},[20,105937,302],{},[46,105939,105940],{"className":48,"code":9014,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,105941,105942],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105943,105944,105946,105948,105950,105952,105954],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105945,3454],{"class":65},[55,105947,3457],{"class":2226},[55,105949,324],{"class":247},[55,105951,6445],{"class":251},[55,105953,315],{"class":247},[55,105955,3466],{"class":65},[577,105957,31,105959,105961],{"id":105958},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105960,100267],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[46,105963,105965],{"className":48,"code":105964,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105966,105967,105987],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105968,105969,105971,105973,105975,105977,105979,105981,105983,105985],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105970,62],{"class":61},[55,105972,66],{"class":65},[55,105974,10652],{"class":69},[55,105976,74],{"class":73},[55,105978,77],{"class":69},[55,105980,80],{"class":73},[55,105982,77],{"class":69},[55,105984,111],{"class":73},[55,105986,9471],{"class":69},[55,105988,105989,105991,105993,105995,105997,105999],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,105990,121],{"class":120},[55,105992,103],{"class":69},[55,105994,1910],{"class":1898},[55,105996,103],{"class":69},[55,105998,94],{"class":99},[55,106000,1867],{"class":69},[20,106002,302],{},[46,106004,106005],{"className":48,"code":9014,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,106006,106007],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106008,106009,106011,106013,106015,106017,106019],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106010,3454],{"class":65},[55,106012,3457],{"class":2226},[55,106014,324],{"class":247},[55,106016,6445],{"class":251},[55,106018,315],{"class":247},[55,106020,3466],{"class":65},[577,106022,31,106024,106026],{"id":106023},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106025,3955],{}," for an empty dictionary",[46,106028,106030],{"className":48,"code":106029,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106031,106032,106041],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106033,106034,106037,106039],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106035,106036],{"class":61},"empty_dict ",[55,106038,66],{"class":65},[55,106040,10000],{"class":69},[55,106042,106043,106045,106047,106049,106051,106054],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,106044,121],{"class":120},[55,106046,103],{"class":69},[55,106048,1910],{"class":1898},[55,106050,103],{"class":69},[55,106052,106053],{"class":99},"empty_dict",[55,106055,1867],{"class":69},[20,106057,302],{},[46,106059,106060],{"className":48,"code":8970,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,106061,106062],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106063,106064,106066,106068,106070,106072,106074],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106065,3454],{"class":65},[55,106067,3457],{"class":2226},[55,106069,324],{"class":247},[55,106071,8983],{"class":251},[55,106073,315],{"class":247},[55,106075,3466],{"class":65},[20,106077,106078],{},"So the rule is simple:",[155,106080,106081,106086,106091],{},[158,106082,106083,106085],{},[15,106084,3960],{}," → empty set",[158,106087,106088,106090],{},[15,106089,100267],{}," → non-empty set",[158,106092,106093,106095],{},[15,106094,3955],{}," → empty dictionary",[142,106097,2992],{"id":2991},[20,106099,106100,106101,44],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106102,3960],{},[577,106104,8578,106105,99865],{"id":99862},[15,106106,3955],{},[20,106108,106109],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[46,106111,106112],{"className":48,"code":99871,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,106113,106114,106122],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106115,106116,106118,106120],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106117,2608],{"class":61},[55,106119,66],{"class":65},[55,106121,10000],{"class":69},[55,106123,106124,106126,106128,106130,106132,106134],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,106125,121],{"class":120},[55,106127,103],{"class":69},[55,106129,1910],{"class":1898},[55,106131,103],{"class":69},[55,106133,2633],{"class":99},[55,106135,1867],{"class":69},[577,106137,106139,106140],{"id":106138},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106141,106142],{},"set(5)",[20,106144,106145,106147],{},[15,106146,3960],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[46,106149,106151],{"className":48,"code":106150,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set(5)\n",[15,106152,106153],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106154,106155,106157,106159,106161],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106156,6445],{"class":1898},[55,106158,103],{"class":69},[55,106160,2297],{"class":73},[55,106162,114],{"class":69},[20,106164,3165,106165,106167,106168,44],{},[15,106166,3168],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[36,106169,106171],{"href":106170},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[577,106173,106175],{"id":106174},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106177,106178],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[46,106180,106182],{"className":48,"code":106181,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106183,106184],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106185,106186,106188,106190,106192,106194,106196,106198,106200,106202,106204,106206,106208],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106187,2608],{"class":61},[55,106189,66],{"class":65},[55,106191,99602],{"class":69},[55,106193,74],{"class":73},[55,106195,77],{"class":69},[55,106197,80],{"class":73},[55,106199,1813],{"class":69},[55,106201,70],{"class":69},[55,106203,2223],{"class":73},[55,106205,77],{"class":69},[55,106207,85],{"class":73},[55,106209,13856],{"class":69},[577,106211,1553,106213,106215],{"id":106212},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106214,3960],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106217,106218],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[577,106220,37343,106222,8866,106224,3041,106226],{"id":106221},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106223,3960],{},[15,106225,24925],{},[15,106227,9281],{},[20,106229,106230],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[142,106232,60834],{"id":60833},[20,106234,11273],{},[46,106236,106238],{"className":48,"code":106237,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106239,106240,106255,106265,106279],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106241,106242,106244,106246,106248,106250,106253],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106243,121],{"class":120},[55,106245,103],{"class":69},[55,106247,1910],{"class":1898},[55,106249,103],{"class":69},[55,106251,106252],{"class":99},"my_value",[55,106254,1867],{"class":69},[55,106256,106257,106259,106261,106263],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,106258,121],{"class":120},[55,106260,103],{"class":69},[55,106262,106252],{"class":99},[55,106264,114],{"class":69},[55,106266,106267,106269,106271,106273,106275,106277],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,106268,121],{"class":120},[55,106270,103],{"class":69},[55,106272,1899],{"class":1898},[55,106274,103],{"class":69},[55,106276,15816],{"class":99},[55,106278,1867],{"class":69},[55,106280,106281,106283,106285,106287,106289,106291],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,106282,121],{"class":120},[55,106284,103],{"class":69},[55,106286,1860],{"class":120},[55,106288,103],{"class":69},[55,106290,15816],{"class":99},[55,106292,1867],{"class":69},[20,106294,106295],{},"What they help you see:",[155,106297,106298,106304,106309,106315],{},[158,106299,106300,106303],{},[15,106301,106302],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[158,106305,106306,90531],{},[15,106307,106308],{},"print(my_value)",[158,106310,106311,106314],{},[15,106312,106313],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[158,106316,106317,106320],{},[15,106318,106319],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[142,106322,1986],{"id":1985},[577,106324,106326],{"id":106325},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106328,106329],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[577,106331,106333],{"id":106332},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106335,31,106336,106338,106339,106341],{},[15,106337,3960],{},". Do not use ",[15,106340,3955],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[577,106343,106345],{"id":106344},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106347,106348],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[577,106350,106352],{"id":106351},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106354,106355],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106357,230],{},[46,106359,106361],{"className":48,"code":106360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106362,106363],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106364,106365,106367,106369,106371,106373,106375,106377,106379],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106366,121],{"class":120},[55,106368,103],{"class":69},[55,106370,6445],{"class":1898},[55,106372,103],{"class":69},[55,106374,248],{"class":247},[55,106376,1035],{"class":251},[55,106378,248],{"class":247},[55,106380,1867],{"class":69},[20,106382,30174],{},[46,106384,106386],{"className":48,"code":106385,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106387,106388],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106389,106390,106392,106394,106396,106398,106400,106402,106404,106406,106408,106410,106412,106414,106416,106418,106420,106422],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106391,9440],{"class":69},[55,106393,315],{"class":247},[55,106395,36],{"class":251},[55,106397,315],{"class":247},[55,106399,77],{"class":69},[55,106401,324],{"class":247},[55,106403,20],{"class":251},[55,106405,315],{"class":247},[55,106407,77],{"class":69},[55,106409,324],{"class":247},[55,106411,60580],{"class":251},[55,106413,315],{"class":247},[55,106415,77],{"class":69},[55,106417,324],{"class":247},[55,106419,60571],{"class":251},[55,106421,315],{"class":247},[55,106423,9471],{"class":69},[577,106425,5319,106427,106430],{"id":106426},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106428,106429],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106432,106433,28830,106435,106438],{},[15,106434,3960],{},[1966,106436,106437],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106440,106441],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[46,106443,106445],{"className":48,"code":106444,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106446,106447],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106448,106449,106451,106453,106455,106457,106459,106461,106463,106465,106467,106469,106471],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106450,121],{"class":120},[55,106452,103],{"class":69},[55,106454,6445],{"class":1898},[55,106456,3149],{"class":69},[55,106458,74],{"class":73},[55,106460,77],{"class":69},[55,106462,80],{"class":73},[55,106464,77],{"class":69},[55,106466,111],{"class":73},[55,106468,77],{"class":69},[55,106470,85],{"class":73},[55,106472,3162],{"class":69},[142,106474,2039],{"id":2038},[155,106476,106477,106481,106485,106489,106493],{},[158,106478,106479],{},[36,106480,96313],{"href":96312},[158,106482,106483],{},[36,106484,104477],{"href":96316},[158,106486,106487],{},[36,106488,100329],{"href":105328},[158,106490,106491],{},[36,106492,105035],{"href":64972},[158,106494,106495],{},[36,106496,106171],{"href":106170},[2080,106498,106499],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":106501},[106502,106503,106504,106505,106506,106512,106513,106514,106522,106532,106533,106541],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":104653,"depth":91,"text":104654},{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":105038,"depth":91,"text":105039},{"id":105225,"depth":91,"text":105226,"children":106507},[106508,106509,106510,106511],{"id":105229,"depth":117,"text":105230},{"id":105331,"depth":117,"text":105332},{"id":105415,"depth":117,"text":105416},{"id":105507,"depth":117,"text":105508},{"id":105575,"depth":91,"text":105576},{"id":105789,"depth":91,"text":105790},{"id":105898,"depth":91,"text":105899,"children":106515},[106516,106518,106520],{"id":105905,"depth":117,"text":106517},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105958,"depth":117,"text":106519},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106023,"depth":117,"text":106521},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":106523},[106524,106525,106527,106528,106530],{"id":99862,"depth":117,"text":100370},{"id":106138,"depth":117,"text":106526},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106174,"depth":117,"text":106175},{"id":106212,"depth":117,"text":106529},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106221,"depth":117,"text":106531},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60833,"depth":91,"text":60834},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":106534},[106535,106536,106537,106538,106539],{"id":106325,"depth":117,"text":106326},{"id":106332,"depth":117,"text":106333},{"id":106344,"depth":117,"text":106345},{"id":106351,"depth":117,"text":106352},{"id":106426,"depth":117,"text":106540},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104535,"description":106542},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106549,"title":106550,"body":106551,"description":108066,"extension":2124,"meta":108067,"navigation":428,"path":108068,"seo":108069,"stem":108070,"__hash__":108071},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106552,"toc":108042},[106553,106559,106564,106567,106650,106655,106660,106665,106667,106680,106684,106686,106705,106708,106731,106734,106745,106747,106828,106830,106847,106849,106855,106858,106953,106955,106986,106988,106996,106998,107001,107112,107114,107139,107141,107163,107168,107173,107179,107288,107290,107306,107309,107312,107395,107397,107414,107422,107424,107428,107434,107525,107527,107560,107565,107572,107649,107651,107668,107674,107676,107680,107696,107699,107725,107727,107788,107790,107913,107915,107966,107972,107974,107979,107981,107987,107990,107994,107997,108001,108004,108014,108016,108039],[10,106554,3740,106556,18],{"id":106555},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106557,106558],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106560,568,106561,106563],{},[15,106562,106558],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106565,106566],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[46,106568,106570],{"className":48,"code":106569,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106571,106572,106592,106612,106616,106635,106645],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106573,106574,106576,106578,106580,106582,106584,106586,106588,106590],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106575,2715],{"class":61},[55,106577,66],{"class":65},[55,106579,10652],{"class":69},[55,106581,74],{"class":73},[55,106583,77],{"class":69},[55,106585,80],{"class":73},[55,106587,77],{"class":69},[55,106589,111],{"class":73},[55,106591,9471],{"class":69},[55,106593,106594,106596,106598,106600,106602,106604,106606,106608,106610],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,106595,2743],{"class":61},[55,106597,66],{"class":65},[55,106599,10652],{"class":69},[55,106601,106],{"class":73},[55,106603,77],{"class":69},[55,106605,111],{"class":73},[55,106607,77],{"class":69},[55,106609,85],{"class":73},[55,106611,9471],{"class":69},[55,106613,106614],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,106615,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,106617,106618,106620,106622,106624,106626,106629,106631,106633],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,106619,1255],{"class":61},[55,106621,66],{"class":65},[55,106623,57013],{"class":61},[55,106625,44],{"class":69},[55,106627,106628],{"class":99},"intersection",[55,106630,103],{"class":69},[55,106632,285],{"class":99},[55,106634,114],{"class":69},[55,106636,106637,106639,106641,106643],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,106638,121],{"class":120},[55,106640,103],{"class":69},[55,106642,1288],{"class":99},[55,106644,114],{"class":69},[55,106646,106647],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,106648,106649],{"class":133},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106651,31,106652,106654],{},[15,106653,102776],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[142,106656,13152,106658,13155],{"id":106657},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106659,102776],{},[20,106661,106662,106664],{},[15,106663,102776],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106666,13208],{},[155,106668,106669,106672,106674,106677],{},[158,106670,106671],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[158,106673,100546],{},[158,106675,106676],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[158,106678,106679],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106681,96309,106682,44],{},[36,106683,96313],{"href":96312},[142,106685,2319],{"id":2318},[46,106687,106689],{"className":48,"code":106688,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106690,106691],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106692,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106694,100570],{"class":61},[55,106696,44],{"class":69},[55,106698,106628],{"class":99},[55,106700,103],{"class":69},[55,106702,100579],{"class":99},[55,106704,114],{"class":69},[20,106706,106707],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[46,106709,106711],{"className":48,"code":106710,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106712,106713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106714,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727,106729],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106716,100570],{"class":61},[55,106718,44],{"class":69},[55,106720,106628],{"class":99},[55,106722,103],{"class":69},[55,106724,100579],{"class":99},[55,106726,77],{"class":69},[55,106728,100606],{"class":99},[55,106730,114],{"class":69},[20,106732,106733],{},"Important notes:",[155,106735,106736,106739,106742],{},[158,106737,106738],{},"The result is always a new set",[158,106740,106741],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[158,106743,106744],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106746,230],{},[46,106748,106750],{"className":48,"code":106749,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106751,106752,106776,106796,106800,106818],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106753,106754,106756,106758,106760,106762,106764,106766,106768,106770,106772,106774],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106755,2715],{"class":61},[55,106757,66],{"class":65},[55,106759,10652],{"class":69},[55,106761,74],{"class":73},[55,106763,77],{"class":69},[55,106765,80],{"class":73},[55,106767,77],{"class":69},[55,106769,111],{"class":73},[55,106771,77],{"class":69},[55,106773,85],{"class":73},[55,106775,9471],{"class":69},[55,106777,106778,106780,106782,106784,106786,106788,106790,106792,106794],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,106779,2743],{"class":61},[55,106781,66],{"class":65},[55,106783,10652],{"class":69},[55,106785,2223],{"class":73},[55,106787,77],{"class":69},[55,106789,85],{"class":73},[55,106791,77],{"class":69},[55,106793,4766],{"class":73},[55,106795,9471],{"class":69},[55,106797,106798],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,106799,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,106801,106802,106804,106806,106808,106810,106812,106814,106816],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,106803,1255],{"class":61},[55,106805,66],{"class":65},[55,106807,57013],{"class":61},[55,106809,44],{"class":69},[55,106811,106628],{"class":99},[55,106813,103],{"class":69},[55,106815,285],{"class":99},[55,106817,114],{"class":69},[55,106819,106820,106822,106824,106826],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,106821,121],{"class":120},[55,106823,103],{"class":69},[55,106825,1288],{"class":99},[55,106827,114],{"class":69},[20,106829,302],{},[46,106831,106833],{"className":48,"code":106832,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106834,106835],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106836,106837,106839,106841,106843,106845],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106838,9440],{"class":69},[55,106840,2223],{"class":73},[55,106842,77],{"class":69},[55,106844,85],{"class":73},[55,106846,9471],{"class":69},[142,106848,17569],{"id":17568},[20,106850,106851,22122,106853,44],{},[15,106852,102776],{},[1966,106854,6445],{},[20,106856,106857],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[46,106859,106861],{"className":48,"code":106860,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106862,106863,106883,106903,106907,106925,106929,106939],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106864,106865,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877,106879,106881],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106866,2715],{"class":61},[55,106868,66],{"class":65},[55,106870,10652],{"class":69},[55,106872,74],{"class":73},[55,106874,77],{"class":69},[55,106876,80],{"class":73},[55,106878,77],{"class":69},[55,106880,111],{"class":73},[55,106882,9471],{"class":69},[55,106884,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893,106895,106897,106899,106901],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,106886,2743],{"class":61},[55,106888,66],{"class":65},[55,106890,10652],{"class":69},[55,106892,106],{"class":73},[55,106894,77],{"class":69},[55,106896,111],{"class":73},[55,106898,77],{"class":69},[55,106900,85],{"class":73},[55,106902,9471],{"class":69},[55,106904,106905],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,106906,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,106908,106909,106911,106913,106915,106917,106919,106921,106923],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,106910,1255],{"class":61},[55,106912,66],{"class":65},[55,106914,57013],{"class":61},[55,106916,44],{"class":69},[55,106918,106628],{"class":99},[55,106920,103],{"class":69},[55,106922,285],{"class":99},[55,106924,114],{"class":69},[55,106926,106927],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,106928,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,106930,106931,106933,106935,106937],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,106932,121],{"class":120},[55,106934,103],{"class":69},[55,106936,1288],{"class":99},[55,106938,114],{"class":69},[55,106940,106941,106943,106945,106947,106949,106951],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,106942,121],{"class":120},[55,106944,103],{"class":69},[55,106946,1910],{"class":1898},[55,106948,103],{"class":69},[55,106950,1288],{"class":99},[55,106952,1867],{"class":69},[20,106954,302],{},[46,106956,106958],{"className":48,"code":106957,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106959,106960,106972],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106961,106962,106964,106966,106968,106970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106963,9440],{"class":69},[55,106965,106],{"class":73},[55,106967,77],{"class":69},[55,106969,111],{"class":73},[55,106971,9471],{"class":69},[55,106973,106974,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,106975,3454],{"class":65},[55,106977,3457],{"class":2226},[55,106979,324],{"class":247},[55,106981,6445],{"class":251},[55,106983,315],{"class":247},[55,106985,3466],{"class":65},[20,106987,85794],{},[155,106989,106990,106993],{},[158,106991,106992],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[158,106994,106995],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[142,106997,11634],{"id":11633},[20,106999,107000],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[46,107002,107004],{"className":48,"code":107003,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107005,107006,107039,107072,107076,107097,107101],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107007,107008,107011,107013,107015,107017,107019,107021,107023,107025,107027,107029,107031,107033,107035,107037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107009,107010],{"class":61},"colors1 ",[55,107012,66],{"class":65},[55,107014,10652],{"class":69},[55,107016,248],{"class":247},[55,107018,381],{"class":251},[55,107020,248],{"class":247},[55,107022,77],{"class":69},[55,107024,258],{"class":247},[55,107026,390],{"class":251},[55,107028,248],{"class":247},[55,107030,77],{"class":69},[55,107032,258],{"class":247},[55,107034,399],{"class":251},[55,107036,248],{"class":247},[55,107038,9471],{"class":69},[55,107040,107041,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,107042,107043],{"class":61},"colors2 ",[55,107045,66],{"class":65},[55,107047,10652],{"class":69},[55,107049,248],{"class":247},[55,107051,399],{"class":251},[55,107053,248],{"class":247},[55,107055,77],{"class":69},[55,107057,258],{"class":247},[55,107059,449],{"class":251},[55,107061,248],{"class":247},[55,107063,77],{"class":69},[55,107065,258],{"class":247},[55,107067,390],{"class":251},[55,107069,248],{"class":247},[55,107071,9471],{"class":69},[55,107073,107074],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,107075,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,107077,107078,107081,107083,107086,107088,107090,107092,107095],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,107079,107080],{"class":61},"common_colors ",[55,107082,66],{"class":65},[55,107084,107085],{"class":61}," colors1",[55,107087,44],{"class":69},[55,107089,106628],{"class":99},[55,107091,103],{"class":69},[55,107093,107094],{"class":99},"colors2",[55,107096,114],{"class":69},[55,107098,107099],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,107100,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,107102,107103,107105,107107,107110],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,107104,121],{"class":120},[55,107106,103],{"class":69},[55,107108,107109],{"class":99},"common_colors",[55,107111,114],{"class":69},[20,107113,302],{},[46,107115,107117],{"className":48,"code":107116,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107118,107119],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107120,107121,107123,107125,107127,107129,107131,107133,107135,107137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107122,9440],{"class":69},[55,107124,315],{"class":247},[55,107126,390],{"class":251},[55,107128,315],{"class":247},[55,107130,77],{"class":69},[55,107132,324],{"class":247},[55,107134,399],{"class":251},[55,107136,315],{"class":247},[55,107138,9471],{"class":69},[20,107140,11840],{},[155,107142,107143,107149,107153,107158],{},[158,107144,107145,107148],{},[15,107146,107147],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[158,107150,107151,107148],{},[15,107152,107094],{},[158,107154,107155,107157],{},[15,107156,102776],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[158,107159,107160,107161],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107162,107109],{},[142,107164,8578,107166,101143],{"id":107165},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107167,102776],{},[20,107169,107170,107171,44],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107172,102776],{},[20,107174,107175,107176,107178],{},"Only the values found in ",[1966,107177,3879],{}," inputs will be kept.",[46,107180,107182],{"className":48,"code":107181,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107183,107184,107208,107232,107252,107256,107278],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107185,107186,107188,107190,107192,107194,107196,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107187,2715],{"class":61},[55,107189,66],{"class":65},[55,107191,10652],{"class":69},[55,107193,74],{"class":73},[55,107195,77],{"class":69},[55,107197,80],{"class":73},[55,107199,77],{"class":69},[55,107201,111],{"class":73},[55,107203,77],{"class":69},[55,107205,85],{"class":73},[55,107207,9471],{"class":69},[55,107209,107210,107212,107214,107216,107218,107220,107222,107224,107226,107228,107230],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,107211,2743],{"class":61},[55,107213,66],{"class":65},[55,107215,10652],{"class":69},[55,107217,106],{"class":73},[55,107219,77],{"class":69},[55,107221,111],{"class":73},[55,107223,77],{"class":69},[55,107225,85],{"class":73},[55,107227,77],{"class":69},[55,107229,4766],{"class":73},[55,107231,9471],{"class":69},[55,107233,107234,107236,107238,107240,107242,107244,107246,107248,107250],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,107235,83168],{"class":61},[55,107237,66],{"class":65},[55,107239,10652],{"class":69},[55,107241,2223],{"class":73},[55,107243,77],{"class":69},[55,107245,85],{"class":73},[55,107247,77],{"class":69},[55,107249,37783],{"class":73},[55,107251,9471],{"class":69},[55,107253,107254],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,107255,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,107257,107258,107260,107262,107264,107266,107268,107270,107272,107274,107276],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,107259,1255],{"class":61},[55,107261,66],{"class":65},[55,107263,57013],{"class":61},[55,107265,44],{"class":69},[55,107267,106628],{"class":99},[55,107269,103],{"class":69},[55,107271,285],{"class":99},[55,107273,77],{"class":69},[55,107275,9844],{"class":99},[55,107277,114],{"class":69},[55,107279,107280,107282,107284,107286],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,107281,121],{"class":120},[55,107283,103],{"class":69},[55,107285,1288],{"class":99},[55,107287,114],{"class":69},[20,107289,302],{},[46,107291,107292],{"className":48,"code":106832,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,107293,107294],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107295,107296,107298,107300,107302,107304],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107297,9440],{"class":69},[55,107299,2223],{"class":73},[55,107301,77],{"class":69},[55,107303,85],{"class":73},[55,107305,9471],{"class":69},[20,107307,107308],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107310,107311],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[46,107313,107315],{"className":48,"code":107314,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107316,107317,107341,107345,107385],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107318,107319,107321,107323,107325,107327,107329,107331,107333,107335,107337,107339],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107320,2715],{"class":61},[55,107322,66],{"class":65},[55,107324,10652],{"class":69},[55,107326,74],{"class":73},[55,107328,77],{"class":69},[55,107330,80],{"class":73},[55,107332,77],{"class":69},[55,107334,111],{"class":73},[55,107336,77],{"class":69},[55,107338,85],{"class":73},[55,107340,9471],{"class":69},[55,107342,107343],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,107344,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,107346,107347,107349,107351,107353,107355,107357,107359,107361,107363,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377,107379,107381,107383],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,107348,1255],{"class":61},[55,107350,66],{"class":65},[55,107352,57013],{"class":61},[55,107354,44],{"class":69},[55,107356,106628],{"class":99},[55,107358,3149],{"class":69},[55,107360,106],{"class":73},[55,107362,77],{"class":69},[55,107364,85],{"class":73},[55,107366,77],{"class":69},[55,107368,37783],{"class":73},[55,107370,1813],{"class":69},[55,107372,9398],{"class":69},[55,107374,74],{"class":73},[55,107376,77],{"class":69},[55,107378,80],{"class":73},[55,107380,77],{"class":69},[55,107382,85],{"class":73},[55,107384,1867],{"class":69},[55,107386,107387,107389,107391,107393],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,107388,121],{"class":120},[55,107390,103],{"class":69},[55,107392,1288],{"class":99},[55,107394,114],{"class":69},[20,107396,302],{},[46,107398,107400],{"className":48,"code":107399,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107401,107402],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107403,107404,107406,107408,107410,107412],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107405,9440],{"class":69},[55,107407,106],{"class":73},[55,107409,77],{"class":69},[55,107411,85],{"class":73},[55,107413,9471],{"class":69},[142,107415,107417,982,107419],{"id":107416},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107418,102776],{},[15,107420,107421],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107423,101313],{},[577,107425,107426],{"id":106628},[15,107427,102776],{},[155,107429,107430,107432],{},[158,107431,101322],{},[158,107433,101325],{},[46,107435,107437],{"className":48,"code":107436,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107438,107439,107459,107479,107483,107501,107505,107515],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107440,107441,107443,107445,107447,107449,107451,107453,107455,107457],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107442,2715],{"class":61},[55,107444,66],{"class":65},[55,107446,10652],{"class":69},[55,107448,74],{"class":73},[55,107450,77],{"class":69},[55,107452,80],{"class":73},[55,107454,77],{"class":69},[55,107456,111],{"class":73},[55,107458,9471],{"class":69},[55,107460,107461,107463,107465,107467,107469,107471,107473,107475,107477],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,107462,2743],{"class":61},[55,107464,66],{"class":65},[55,107466,10652],{"class":69},[55,107468,106],{"class":73},[55,107470,77],{"class":69},[55,107472,111],{"class":73},[55,107474,77],{"class":69},[55,107476,85],{"class":73},[55,107478,9471],{"class":69},[55,107480,107481],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,107482,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,107484,107485,107487,107489,107491,107493,107495,107497,107499],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,107486,1255],{"class":61},[55,107488,66],{"class":65},[55,107490,57013],{"class":61},[55,107492,44],{"class":69},[55,107494,106628],{"class":99},[55,107496,103],{"class":69},[55,107498,285],{"class":99},[55,107500,114],{"class":69},[55,107502,107503],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,107504,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,107506,107507,107509,107511,107513],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,107508,121],{"class":120},[55,107510,103],{"class":69},[55,107512,36],{"class":99},[55,107514,114],{"class":69},[55,107516,107517,107519,107521,107523],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,107518,121],{"class":120},[55,107520,103],{"class":69},[55,107522,1288],{"class":99},[55,107524,114],{"class":69},[20,107526,302],{},[46,107528,107530],{"className":48,"code":107529,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107531,107532,107548],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107533,107534,107536,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107535,9440],{"class":69},[55,107537,74],{"class":73},[55,107539,77],{"class":69},[55,107541,80],{"class":73},[55,107543,77],{"class":69},[55,107545,111],{"class":73},[55,107547,9471],{"class":69},[55,107549,107550,107552,107554,107556,107558],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,107551,9440],{"class":69},[55,107553,106],{"class":73},[55,107555,77],{"class":69},[55,107557,111],{"class":73},[55,107559,9471],{"class":69},[577,107561,107563],{"id":107562},"intersection_update",[15,107564,107421],{},[155,107566,107567,107569],{},[158,107568,101465],{},[158,107570,107571],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[46,107573,107575],{"className":48,"code":107574,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107576,107577,107597,107617,107621,107635,107639],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107578,107579,107581,107583,107585,107587,107589,107591,107593,107595],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107580,2715],{"class":61},[55,107582,66],{"class":65},[55,107584,10652],{"class":69},[55,107586,74],{"class":73},[55,107588,77],{"class":69},[55,107590,80],{"class":73},[55,107592,77],{"class":69},[55,107594,111],{"class":73},[55,107596,9471],{"class":69},[55,107598,107599,107601,107603,107605,107607,107609,107611,107613,107615],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,107600,2743],{"class":61},[55,107602,66],{"class":65},[55,107604,10652],{"class":69},[55,107606,106],{"class":73},[55,107608,77],{"class":69},[55,107610,111],{"class":73},[55,107612,77],{"class":69},[55,107614,85],{"class":73},[55,107616,9471],{"class":69},[55,107618,107619],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,107620,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,107622,107623,107625,107627,107629,107631,107633],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,107624,36],{"class":61},[55,107626,44],{"class":69},[55,107628,107562],{"class":99},[55,107630,103],{"class":69},[55,107632,285],{"class":99},[55,107634,114],{"class":69},[55,107636,107637],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,107638,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,107640,107641,107643,107645,107647],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,107642,121],{"class":120},[55,107644,103],{"class":69},[55,107646,36],{"class":99},[55,107648,114],{"class":69},[20,107650,302],{},[46,107652,107654],{"className":48,"code":107653,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107655,107656],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107657,107658,107660,107662,107664,107666],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107659,9440],{"class":69},[55,107661,106],{"class":73},[55,107663,77],{"class":69},[55,107665,111],{"class":73},[55,107667,9471],{"class":69},[20,107669,107670,107671,107673],{},"Choose ",[15,107672,102776],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[142,107675,1211],{"id":1210},[20,107677,1214,107678,153],{},[15,107679,102776],{},[155,107681,107682,107685,107688,107691],{},[158,107683,107684],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[158,107686,107687],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[158,107689,107690],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[158,107692,107693,107694],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107695,102776],{},[20,107697,107698],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[155,107700,107701,107706,107709,107722],{},[158,107702,8578,107703,107705],{},[15,107704,102776],{}," when order matters",[158,107707,107708],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[158,107710,37343,107711,8866,107713,3041,107718],{},[15,107712,102776],{},[36,107714,107716],{"href":107715},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107717,102784],{},[36,107719,107720],{"href":102825},[15,107721,100399],{},[158,107723,107724],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107726,30280],{},[46,107728,107730],{"className":48,"code":107729,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107731,107732,107742,107756,107774],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107733,107734,107736,107738,107740],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107735,121],{"class":120},[55,107737,103],{"class":69},[55,107739,15816],{"class":99},[55,107741,114],{"class":69},[55,107743,107744,107746,107748,107750,107752,107754],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,107745,121],{"class":120},[55,107747,103],{"class":69},[55,107749,1910],{"class":1898},[55,107751,103],{"class":69},[55,107753,1288],{"class":99},[55,107755,1867],{"class":69},[55,107757,107758,107760,107762,107764,107766,107768,107770,107772],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,107759,121],{"class":120},[55,107761,103],{"class":69},[55,107763,100570],{"class":99},[55,107765,44],{"class":69},[55,107767,106628],{"class":99},[55,107769,103],{"class":69},[55,107771,100579],{"class":99},[55,107773,1867],{"class":69},[55,107775,107776,107778,107780,107782,107784,107786],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,107777,121],{"class":120},[55,107779,103],{"class":69},[55,107781,1860],{"class":120},[55,107783,103],{"class":69},[55,107785,1288],{"class":99},[55,107787,1867],{"class":69},[20,107789,230],{},[46,107791,107793],{"className":48,"code":107792,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107794,107795,107819,107839,107843,107861,107865,107875,107885,107899],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107796,107797,107799,107801,107803,107805,107807,107809,107811,107813,107815,107817],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107798,62],{"class":61},[55,107800,66],{"class":65},[55,107802,10652],{"class":69},[55,107804,74],{"class":73},[55,107806,77],{"class":69},[55,107808,80],{"class":73},[55,107810,77],{"class":69},[55,107812,80],{"class":73},[55,107814,77],{"class":69},[55,107816,111],{"class":73},[55,107818,9471],{"class":69},[55,107820,107821,107823,107825,107827,107829,107831,107833,107835,107837],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,107822,43691],{"class":61},[55,107824,66],{"class":65},[55,107826,10652],{"class":69},[55,107828,106],{"class":73},[55,107830,77],{"class":69},[55,107832,111],{"class":73},[55,107834,77],{"class":69},[55,107836,85],{"class":73},[55,107838,9471],{"class":69},[55,107840,107841],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,107842,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,107844,107845,107847,107849,107851,107853,107855,107857,107859],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,107846,1255],{"class":61},[55,107848,66],{"class":65},[55,107850,1260],{"class":61},[55,107852,44],{"class":69},[55,107854,106628],{"class":99},[55,107856,103],{"class":69},[55,107858,30887],{"class":99},[55,107860,114],{"class":69},[55,107862,107863],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,107864,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,107866,107867,107869,107871,107873],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,107868,121],{"class":120},[55,107870,103],{"class":69},[55,107872,94],{"class":99},[55,107874,114],{"class":69},[55,107876,107877,107879,107881,107883],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,107878,121],{"class":120},[55,107880,103],{"class":69},[55,107882,1288],{"class":99},[55,107884,114],{"class":69},[55,107886,107887,107889,107891,107893,107895,107897],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,107888,121],{"class":120},[55,107890,103],{"class":69},[55,107892,1910],{"class":1898},[55,107894,103],{"class":69},[55,107896,1288],{"class":99},[55,107898,1867],{"class":69},[55,107900,107901,107903,107905,107907,107909,107911],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,107902,121],{"class":120},[55,107904,103],{"class":69},[55,107906,1860],{"class":120},[55,107908,103],{"class":69},[55,107910,1288],{"class":99},[55,107912,1867],{"class":69},[20,107914,302],{},[46,107916,107918],{"className":48,"code":107917,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107919,107920,107936,107948,107962],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107921,107922,107924,107926,107928,107930,107932,107934],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107923,9440],{"class":69},[55,107925,74],{"class":73},[55,107927,77],{"class":69},[55,107929,80],{"class":73},[55,107931,77],{"class":69},[55,107933,111],{"class":73},[55,107935,9471],{"class":69},[55,107937,107938,107940,107942,107944,107946],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,107939,9440],{"class":69},[55,107941,106],{"class":73},[55,107943,77],{"class":69},[55,107945,111],{"class":73},[55,107947,9471],{"class":69},[55,107949,107950,107952,107954,107956,107958,107960],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,107951,3454],{"class":65},[55,107953,3457],{"class":2226},[55,107955,324],{"class":247},[55,107957,6445],{"class":251},[55,107959,315],{"class":247},[55,107961,3466],{"class":65},[55,107963,107964],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,107965,17206],{"class":73},[20,107967,107968,107969,107971],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107970,106],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[142,107973,1986],{"id":1985},[577,107975,1990,107977,102724],{"id":107976},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107978,102776],{},[20,107980,102727],{},[577,107982,2009,107984,107986],{"id":107983},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107985,102776],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107988,107989],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[577,107991,107993],{"id":107992},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107995,107996],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[577,107998,108000],{"id":107999},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108002,108003],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[46,108005,108006],{"className":48,"code":97443,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,108007,108008],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108009,108010,108012],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108011,6445],{"class":1898},[55,108013,8804],{"class":69},[142,108015,2039],{"id":2038},[155,108017,108018,108022,108029,108035],{},[158,108019,108020],{},[36,108021,96313],{"href":96312},[158,108023,108024],{},[36,108025,3740,108026,43],{"href":107715},[15,108027,108028],{},"set.union()",[158,108030,108031],{},[36,108032,3740,108033,43],{"href":102825},[15,108034,100404],{},[158,108036,108037],{},[36,108038,100329],{"href":105328},[2080,108040,108041],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":108043},[108044,108046,108047,108048,108049,108051,108056,108057,108065],{"id":106657,"depth":91,"text":108045},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":17568,"depth":91,"text":17569},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":107165,"depth":91,"text":108050},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107416,"depth":91,"text":108052,"children":108053},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108054,108055],{"id":106628,"depth":117,"text":102776},{"id":107562,"depth":117,"text":107421},{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":108058},[108059,108061,108063,108064],{"id":107976,"depth":117,"text":108060},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107983,"depth":117,"text":108062},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107992,"depth":117,"text":107993},{"id":107999,"depth":117,"text":108000},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106550,"description":108066},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108073,"title":108074,"body":108075,"description":109311,"extension":2124,"meta":109312,"navigation":428,"path":109313,"seo":109314,"stem":109315,"__hash__":109316},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108076,"toc":109278},[108077,108082,108088,108097,108099,108174,108179,108194,108204,108209,108213,108226,108230,108232,108247,108249,108265,108267,108342,108346,108349,108351,108368,108373,108428,108433,108445,108449,108452,108553,108555,108596,108599,108603,108610,108612,108637,108640,108658,108665,108671,108674,108756,108763,108766,108846,108855,108858,108863,108867,108881,108930,108935,108939,108950,108999,109010,109015,109019,109031,109080,109091,109093,109097,109120,109122,109179,109181,109195,109197,109203,109209,109215,109224,109228,109235,109239,109247,109249,109275],[10,108078,96185,108080,18],{"id":108079},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108081,12918],{},[20,108083,108084,108087],{},[15,108085,108086],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108089,108090,108091,108093,108094,108096],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[1966,108092,1968],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108095,12918],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[142,108098,2165],{"id":2164},[46,108100,108102],{"className":48,"code":108101,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108103,108104,108136,108150,108154,108164],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108105,108106,108108,108110,108112,108114,108116,108118,108120,108122,108124,108126,108128,108130,108132,108134],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108107,1026],{"class":61},[55,108109,66],{"class":65},[55,108111,10652],{"class":69},[55,108113,248],{"class":247},[55,108115,1035],{"class":251},[55,108117,248],{"class":247},[55,108119,77],{"class":69},[55,108121,258],{"class":247},[55,108123,1072],{"class":251},[55,108125,248],{"class":247},[55,108127,77],{"class":69},[55,108129,258],{"class":247},[55,108131,4259],{"class":251},[55,108133,248],{"class":247},[55,108135,9471],{"class":69},[55,108137,108138,108140,108142,108144,108146,108148],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,108139,69916],{"class":61},[55,108141,66],{"class":65},[55,108143,6123],{"class":61},[55,108145,44],{"class":69},[55,108147,26385],{"class":99},[55,108149,8804],{"class":69},[55,108151,108152],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,108153,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,108155,108156,108158,108160,108162],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,108157,121],{"class":120},[55,108159,103],{"class":69},[55,108161,69939],{"class":99},[55,108163,114],{"class":69},[55,108165,108166,108168,108170,108172],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,108167,121],{"class":120},[55,108169,103],{"class":69},[55,108171,1057],{"class":99},[55,108173,114],{"class":69},[20,108175,108176],{},[1966,108177,108178],{},"What this does:",[155,108180,108181,108186,108191],{},[158,108182,108183,108184],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108185,1057],{},[158,108187,108188,108189],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108190,69939],{},[158,108192,108193],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108195,108196,88945,108198,108200,108201,108203],{},[1966,108197,83803],{},[15,108199,108086],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[1966,108202,1968],{}," chosen by index.",[142,108205,145,108207,148],{"id":108206},"what-setpop-does",[15,108208,108086],{},[20,108210,108211,153],{},[15,108212,108086],{},[155,108214,108215,108217,108220,108223],{},[158,108216,103027],{},[158,108218,108219],{},"Returns the removed item",[158,108221,108222],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[158,108224,108225],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108227,96309,108228,44],{},[36,108229,96313],{"href":97484},[142,108231,2319],{"id":2318},[46,108233,108235],{"className":48,"code":108234,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108236,108237],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108238,108239,108241,108243,108245],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108240,15816],{"class":61},[55,108242,44],{"class":69},[55,108244,26385],{"class":99},[55,108246,8804],{"class":69},[20,108248,13208],{},[155,108250,108251,108257,108262],{},[158,108252,108253,108254],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108255,108256],{},"my_set.pop()",[158,108258,108259,108260],{},"It takes ",[1966,108261,28833],{},[158,108263,108264],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108266,230],{},[46,108268,108270],{"className":48,"code":108269,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108271,108272,108304,108318,108322,108332],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108273,108274,108276,108278,108280,108282,108284,108286,108288,108290,108292,108294,108296,108298,108300,108302],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108275,372],{"class":61},[55,108277,66],{"class":65},[55,108279,10652],{"class":69},[55,108281,248],{"class":247},[55,108283,381],{"class":251},[55,108285,248],{"class":247},[55,108287,77],{"class":69},[55,108289,258],{"class":247},[55,108291,390],{"class":251},[55,108293,248],{"class":247},[55,108295,77],{"class":69},[55,108297,258],{"class":247},[55,108299,399],{"class":251},[55,108301,248],{"class":247},[55,108303,9471],{"class":69},[55,108305,108306,108308,108310,108312,108314,108316],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,108307,28683],{"class":61},[55,108309,66],{"class":65},[55,108311,421],{"class":61},[55,108313,44],{"class":69},[55,108315,26385],{"class":99},[55,108317,8804],{"class":69},[55,108319,108320],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,108321,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,108323,108324,108326,108328,108330],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,108325,121],{"class":120},[55,108327,103],{"class":69},[55,108329,220],{"class":99},[55,108331,114],{"class":69},[55,108333,108334,108336,108338,108340],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,108335,121],{"class":120},[55,108337,103],{"class":69},[55,108339,434],{"class":99},[55,108341,114],{"class":69},[142,108343,108345],{"id":108344},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108347,108348],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108350,2268],{},[155,108352,108353,108359,108362],{},[158,108354,108355,108356,108358],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108357,12918],{}," removes",[158,108360,108361],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[158,108363,108364,108365,108367],{},"You should not use ",[15,108366,12918],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108369,10622,108370,108372],{},[1966,108371,1968],{}," valid:",[46,108374,108376],{"className":48,"code":108375,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108377,108378,108410],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108379,108380,108382,108384,108386,108388,108390,108392,108394,108396,108398,108400,108402,108404,108406,108408],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108381,36378],{"class":61},[55,108383,66],{"class":65},[55,108385,10652],{"class":69},[55,108387,248],{"class":247},[55,108389,1035],{"class":251},[55,108391,248],{"class":247},[55,108393,77],{"class":69},[55,108395,258],{"class":247},[55,108397,1072],{"class":251},[55,108399,248],{"class":247},[55,108401,77],{"class":69},[55,108403,258],{"class":247},[55,108405,4259],{"class":251},[55,108407,248],{"class":247},[55,108409,9471],{"class":69},[55,108411,108412,108414,108416,108418,108420,108422,108424,108426],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,108413,36430],{"class":61},[55,108415,44],{"class":69},[55,108417,26385],{"class":99},[55,108419,103],{"class":69},[55,108421,248],{"class":247},[55,108423,1035],{"class":251},[55,108425,248],{"class":247},[55,108427,114],{"class":69},[20,108429,39794,108430,108432],{},[15,108431,108086],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108434,108435,108436,3041,108440,44],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[36,108437,108438],{"href":98194},[15,108439,102853],{},[36,108441,108443],{"href":108442},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108444,102844],{},[142,108446,108448],{"id":108447},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108450,108451],{},"Here is a simple example:",[46,108453,108455],{"className":48,"code":108454,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108456,108457,108491,108495,108511,108515,108534],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108458,108459,108462,108464,108466,108468,108470,108472,108474,108476,108478,108480,108482,108484,108487,108489],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108460,108461],{"class":61},"animals ",[55,108463,66],{"class":65},[55,108465,10652],{"class":69},[55,108467,248],{"class":247},[55,108469,37186],{"class":251},[55,108471,248],{"class":247},[55,108473,77],{"class":69},[55,108475,258],{"class":247},[55,108477,58250],{"class":251},[55,108479,248],{"class":247},[55,108481,77],{"class":69},[55,108483,258],{"class":247},[55,108485,108486],{"class":251},"rabbit",[55,108488,248],{"class":247},[55,108490,9471],{"class":69},[55,108492,108493],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,108494,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,108496,108497,108500,108502,108505,108507,108509],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,108498,108499],{"class":61},"removed_animal ",[55,108501,66],{"class":65},[55,108503,108504],{"class":61}," animals",[55,108506,44],{"class":69},[55,108508,26385],{"class":99},[55,108510,8804],{"class":69},[55,108512,108513],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,108514,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,108516,108517,108519,108521,108523,108525,108527,108529,108532],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,108518,121],{"class":120},[55,108520,103],{"class":69},[55,108522,248],{"class":247},[55,108524,29101],{"class":251},[55,108526,248],{"class":247},[55,108528,77],{"class":69},[55,108530,108531],{"class":99}," removed_animal",[55,108533,114],{"class":69},[55,108535,108536,108538,108540,108542,108545,108547,108549,108551],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,108537,121],{"class":120},[55,108539,103],{"class":69},[55,108541,248],{"class":247},[55,108543,108544],{"class":251},"Updated set:",[55,108546,248],{"class":247},[55,108548,77],{"class":69},[55,108550,108504],{"class":99},[55,108552,114],{"class":69},[20,108554,30174],{},[46,108556,108558],{"className":48,"code":108557,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108559,108560,108569],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108561,108562,108564,108566],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108563,29143],{"class":61},[55,108565,153],{"class":69},[55,108567,108568],{"class":61}," dog\n",[55,108570,108571,108574,108576,108578,108580,108582,108584,108586,108588,108590,108592,108594],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,108572,108573],{"class":61},"Updated ",[55,108575,6445],{"class":1898},[55,108577,153],{"class":69},[55,108579,10652],{"class":69},[55,108581,315],{"class":247},[55,108583,37186],{"class":251},[55,108585,315],{"class":247},[55,108587,77],{"class":69},[55,108589,324],{"class":247},[55,108591,108486],{"class":251},[55,108593,315],{"class":247},[55,108595,9471],{"class":69},[20,108597,108598],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[142,108600,108602],{"id":108601},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108604,29794,108605,108607,108608,44],{},[15,108606,12918],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108609,19834],{},[20,108611,230],{},[46,108613,108615],{"className":48,"code":108614,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108616,108617,108627],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108618,108619,108621,108623,108625],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108620,1026],{"class":61},[55,108622,66],{"class":65},[55,108624,15783],{"class":1898},[55,108626,8804],{"class":69},[55,108628,108629,108631,108633,108635],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,108630,1057],{"class":61},[55,108632,44],{"class":69},[55,108634,26385],{"class":99},[55,108636,8804],{"class":69},[20,108638,108639],{},"This raises:",[46,108641,108643],{"className":48,"code":108642,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108644,108645],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108646,108647,108649,108651,108653,108656],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108648,19834],{"class":1898},[55,108650,153],{"class":69},[55,108652,324],{"class":247},[55,108654,108655],{"class":251},"pop from an empty set",[55,108657,29844],{"class":247},[20,108659,108660,108661,108664],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[36,108662,108663],{"href":11234},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[577,108666,108668,108669],{"id":108667},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108670,12918],{},[20,108672,108673],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[46,108675,108677],{"className":48,"code":108676,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108678,108679,108689,108693,108701,108716,108735,108741],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108680,108681,108683,108685,108687],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108682,1026],{"class":61},[55,108684,66],{"class":65},[55,108686,15783],{"class":1898},[55,108688,8804],{"class":69},[55,108690,108691],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,108692,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,108694,108695,108697,108699],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,108696,7157],{"class":4040},[55,108698,6123],{"class":61},[55,108700,6552],{"class":69},[55,108702,108703,108706,108708,108710,108712,108714],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,108704,108705],{"class":61},"    removed ",[55,108707,66],{"class":65},[55,108709,6123],{"class":61},[55,108711,44],{"class":69},[55,108713,26385],{"class":99},[55,108715,8804],{"class":69},[55,108717,108718,108720,108722,108724,108726,108728,108730,108733],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,108719,8230],{"class":120},[55,108721,103],{"class":69},[55,108723,248],{"class":247},[55,108725,29101],{"class":251},[55,108727,248],{"class":247},[55,108729,77],{"class":69},[55,108731,108732],{"class":99}," removed",[55,108734,114],{"class":69},[55,108736,108737,108739],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,108738,27578],{"class":4040},[55,108740,6552],{"class":69},[55,108742,108743,108745,108747,108749,108752,108754],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,108744,8230],{"class":120},[55,108746,103],{"class":69},[55,108748,248],{"class":247},[55,108750,108751],{"class":251},"The set is empty.",[55,108753,248],{"class":247},[55,108755,114],{"class":69},[577,108757,31,108759,352,108761],{"id":108758},"use-try-and-except",[15,108760,29948],{},[15,108762,29979],{},[20,108764,108765],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[46,108767,108769],{"className":48,"code":108768,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108770,108771,108781,108785,108791,108805,108823,108831],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108772,108773,108775,108777,108779],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108774,1026],{"class":61},[55,108776,66],{"class":65},[55,108778,15783],{"class":1898},[55,108780,8804],{"class":69},[55,108782,108783],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,108784,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,108786,108787,108789],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,108788,29948],{"class":4040},[55,108790,6552],{"class":69},[55,108792,108793,108795,108797,108799,108801,108803],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,108794,108705],{"class":61},[55,108796,66],{"class":65},[55,108798,6123],{"class":61},[55,108800,44],{"class":69},[55,108802,26385],{"class":99},[55,108804,8804],{"class":69},[55,108806,108807,108809,108811,108813,108815,108817,108819,108821],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,108808,8230],{"class":120},[55,108810,103],{"class":69},[55,108812,248],{"class":247},[55,108814,29101],{"class":251},[55,108816,248],{"class":247},[55,108818,77],{"class":69},[55,108820,108732],{"class":99},[55,108822,114],{"class":69},[55,108824,108825,108827,108829],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,108826,29979],{"class":4040},[55,108828,29982],{"class":1898},[55,108830,6552],{"class":69},[55,108832,108833,108835,108837,108839,108842,108844],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,108834,8230],{"class":120},[55,108836,103],{"class":69},[55,108838,248],{"class":247},[55,108840,108841],{"class":251},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[55,108843,248],{"class":247},[55,108845,114],{"class":69},[142,108847,1937,108849,982,108851,982,108853],{"id":108848},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108850,12918],{},[15,108852,55656],{},[15,108854,102839],{},[20,108856,108857],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[577,108859,31,108861],{"id":108860},"use-pop",[15,108862,12918],{},[20,108864,31,108865,993],{},[15,108866,12918],{},[155,108868,108869,108875,108878],{},[158,108870,108871,108872],{},"You want to remove ",[1966,108873,108874],{},"any one item",[158,108876,108877],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[158,108879,108880],{},"You want the removed item returned",[46,108882,108884],{"className":48,"code":108883,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108885,108886,108906,108920],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108887,108888,108890,108892,108894,108896,108898,108900,108902,108904],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108889,62],{"class":61},[55,108891,66],{"class":65},[55,108893,10652],{"class":69},[55,108895,74],{"class":73},[55,108897,77],{"class":69},[55,108899,80],{"class":73},[55,108901,77],{"class":69},[55,108903,111],{"class":73},[55,108905,9471],{"class":69},[55,108907,108908,108910,108912,108914,108916,108918],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,108909,2608],{"class":61},[55,108911,66],{"class":65},[55,108913,1260],{"class":61},[55,108915,44],{"class":69},[55,108917,26385],{"class":99},[55,108919,8804],{"class":69},[55,108921,108922,108924,108926,108928],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,108923,121],{"class":120},[55,108925,103],{"class":69},[55,108927,2633],{"class":99},[55,108929,114],{"class":69},[577,108931,31,108933],{"id":108932},"use-remove",[15,108934,55656],{},[20,108936,31,108937,993],{},[15,108938,55656],{},[155,108940,108941,108947],{},[158,108942,108943,108944],{},"You want to delete a ",[1966,108945,108946],{},"specific item",[158,108948,108949],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[46,108951,108953],{"className":48,"code":108952,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108954,108955,108975,108989],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108956,108957,108959,108961,108963,108965,108967,108969,108971,108973],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108958,62],{"class":61},[55,108960,66],{"class":65},[55,108962,10652],{"class":69},[55,108964,74],{"class":73},[55,108966,77],{"class":69},[55,108968,80],{"class":73},[55,108970,77],{"class":69},[55,108972,111],{"class":73},[55,108974,9471],{"class":69},[55,108976,108977,108979,108981,108983,108985,108987],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,108978,94],{"class":61},[55,108980,44],{"class":69},[55,108982,34936],{"class":99},[55,108984,103],{"class":69},[55,108986,106],{"class":73},[55,108988,114],{"class":69},[55,108990,108991,108993,108995,108997],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,108992,121],{"class":120},[55,108994,103],{"class":69},[55,108996,94],{"class":99},[55,108998,114],{"class":69},[20,109000,109001,109002,109004,109005,109009],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109003,55656],{}," raises an error. See the ",[36,109006,109007,43],{"href":98194},[15,109008,102853],{}," for details.",[577,109011,31,109013],{"id":109012},"use-discard",[15,109014,102839],{},[20,109016,31,109017,993],{},[15,109018,102839],{},[155,109020,109021,109025],{},[158,109022,108943,109023],{},[1966,109024,108946],{},[158,109026,109027,109028,109030],{},"You do ",[1966,109029,1968],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[46,109032,109034],{"className":48,"code":109033,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109035,109036,109056,109070],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109037,109038,109040,109042,109044,109046,109048,109050,109052,109054],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109039,62],{"class":61},[55,109041,66],{"class":65},[55,109043,10652],{"class":69},[55,109045,74],{"class":73},[55,109047,77],{"class":69},[55,109049,80],{"class":73},[55,109051,77],{"class":69},[55,109053,111],{"class":73},[55,109055,9471],{"class":69},[55,109057,109058,109060,109062,109064,109066,109068],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,109059,94],{"class":61},[55,109061,44],{"class":69},[55,109063,102906],{"class":99},[55,109065,103],{"class":69},[55,109067,2297],{"class":73},[55,109069,114],{"class":69},[55,109071,109072,109074,109076,109078],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,109073,121],{"class":120},[55,109075,103],{"class":69},[55,109077,94],{"class":99},[55,109079,114],{"class":69},[20,109081,109082,109083,109085,109086,109090],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109084,2297],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[36,109087,109088,43],{"href":108442},[15,109089,102844],{}," for more examples.",[142,109092,2992],{"id":2991},[20,109094,71462,109095,153],{},[15,109096,108086],{},[155,109098,109099,109105,109110,109115],{},[158,109100,109101,109102],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109103,109104],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[158,109106,1553,109107,109109],{},[15,109108,12918],{}," to remove the first or last item",[158,109111,29794,109112,109114],{},[15,109113,12918],{}," on an empty set",[158,109116,8578,109117,109119],{},[15,109118,12918],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109121,62419],{},[46,109123,109125],{"className":48,"code":109124,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109126,109127,109137,109151,109165],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109128,109129,109131,109133,109135],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109130,121],{"class":120},[55,109132,103],{"class":69},[55,109134,15816],{"class":99},[55,109136,114],{"class":69},[55,109138,109139,109141,109143,109145,109147,109149],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,109140,121],{"class":120},[55,109142,103],{"class":69},[55,109144,1860],{"class":120},[55,109146,103],{"class":69},[55,109148,15816],{"class":99},[55,109150,1867],{"class":69},[55,109152,109153,109155,109157,109159,109161,109163],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,109154,121],{"class":120},[55,109156,103],{"class":69},[55,109158,1910],{"class":1898},[55,109160,103],{"class":69},[55,109162,15816],{"class":99},[55,109164,1867],{"class":69},[55,109166,109167,109169,109171,109173,109175,109177],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,109168,28683],{"class":61},[55,109170,66],{"class":65},[55,109172,96909],{"class":61},[55,109174,44],{"class":69},[55,109176,26385],{"class":99},[55,109178,8804],{"class":69},[20,109180,26152],{},[155,109182,109183,109186,109189,109192],{},[158,109184,109185],{},"What values are in the set",[158,109187,109188],{},"Whether the set is empty",[158,109190,109191],{},"That the object is really a set",[158,109193,109194],{},"What value was actually removed",[142,109196,1986],{"id":1985},[577,109198,1990,109200,109202],{"id":109199},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109201,108086],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109204,109205,109206,109208],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109207,12918],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[577,109210,109212,109213,2027],{"id":109211},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109214,108086],{},[20,109216,109217,109218,109220,109221,109223],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109219,12918],{},", set ",[15,109222,12918],{}," does not accept an index.",[577,109225,109227],{"id":109226},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109229,71631,109230,44772,109232,109234],{},[15,109231,19834],{},[15,109233,12918],{}," is called on an empty set.",[577,109236,109238],{"id":109237},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109240,31,109241,3041,109243,11252,109245,44],{},[15,109242,55656],{},[15,109244,102839],{},[15,109246,12918],{},[142,109248,2039],{"id":2038},[155,109250,109251,109255,109261,109267,109271],{},[158,109252,109253],{},[36,109254,96313],{"href":97484},[158,109256,109257],{},[36,109258,96799,109259,43],{"href":98194},[15,109260,55656],{},[158,109262,109263],{},[36,109264,96799,109265,43],{"href":108442},[15,109266,102839],{},[158,109268,109269],{},[36,109270,11422],{"href":11234},[158,109272,109273],{},[36,109274,55643],{"href":55196},[2080,109276,109277],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":109279},[109280,109281,109283,109284,109285,109286,109292,109301,109302,109310],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":108206,"depth":91,"text":109282},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":108344,"depth":91,"text":108345},{"id":108447,"depth":91,"text":108448},{"id":108601,"depth":91,"text":108602,"children":109287},[109288,109290],{"id":108667,"depth":117,"text":109289},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108758,"depth":117,"text":109291},"Use try and except",{"id":108848,"depth":91,"text":109293,"children":109294},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109295,109297,109299],{"id":108860,"depth":117,"text":109296},"Use pop()",{"id":108932,"depth":117,"text":109298},"Use remove()",{"id":109012,"depth":117,"text":109300},"Use discard()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":109303},[109304,109306,109308,109309],{"id":109199,"depth":117,"text":109305},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109211,"depth":117,"text":109307},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109226,"depth":117,"text":109227},{"id":109237,"depth":117,"text":109238},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108074,"description":109311},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109318,"title":109319,"body":109320,"description":110474,"extension":2124,"meta":110475,"navigation":428,"path":110476,"seo":110477,"stem":110478,"__hash__":110479},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109321,"toc":110442},[109322,109327,109332,109341,109343,109408,109412,109436,109443,109448,109452,109467,109470,109472,109491,109505,109508,109556,109560,109576,109578,109651,109655,109680,109686,109694,109698,109705,109760,109765,109782,109788,109794,109799,109807,109814,109818,109826,109881,109883,109900,109904,109911,109976,109980,110013,110015,110027,110034,110036,110041,110048,110050,110119,110123,110131,110133,110197,110201,110206,110253,110258,110326,110334,110341,110344,110350,110355,110359,110361,110364,110366,110371,110376,110382,110387,110394,110402,110408,110411,110413,110439],[10,109323,96185,109325,18],{"id":109324},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109326,55656],{},[20,109328,109329,109331],{},[15,109330,102853],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109333,109334,109335,109338,109339,44],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[1966,109336,109337],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109340,19834],{},[142,109342,2165],{"id":2164},[46,109344,109346],{"className":48,"code":109345,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109347,109348,109380,109398],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109349,109350,109352,109354,109356,109358,109360,109362,109364,109366,109368,109370,109372,109374,109376,109378],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109351,372],{"class":61},[55,109353,66],{"class":65},[55,109355,10652],{"class":69},[55,109357,248],{"class":247},[55,109359,381],{"class":251},[55,109361,248],{"class":247},[55,109363,77],{"class":69},[55,109365,258],{"class":247},[55,109367,390],{"class":251},[55,109369,248],{"class":247},[55,109371,77],{"class":69},[55,109373,258],{"class":247},[55,109375,399],{"class":251},[55,109377,248],{"class":247},[55,109379,9471],{"class":69},[55,109381,109382,109384,109386,109388,109390,109392,109394,109396],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,109383,434],{"class":61},[55,109385,44],{"class":69},[55,109387,34936],{"class":99},[55,109389,103],{"class":69},[55,109391,248],{"class":247},[55,109393,390],{"class":251},[55,109395,248],{"class":247},[55,109397,114],{"class":69},[55,109399,109400,109402,109404,109406],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,109401,121],{"class":120},[55,109403,103],{"class":69},[55,109405,434],{"class":99},[55,109407,114],{"class":69},[20,109409,109410],{},[1966,109411,30174],{},[46,109413,109414],{"className":48,"code":103533,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,109415,109416],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109417,109418,109420,109422,109424,109426,109428,109430,109432,109434],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109419,9440],{"class":69},[55,109421,315],{"class":247},[55,109423,381],{"class":251},[55,109425,315],{"class":247},[55,109427,77],{"class":69},[55,109429,324],{"class":247},[55,109431,399],{"class":251},[55,109433,315],{"class":247},[55,109435,9471],{"class":69},[20,109437,31,109438,109440,109441,44],{},[15,109439,55656],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109442,19834],{},[142,109444,145,109446,148],{"id":109445},"what-setremove-does",[15,109447,102853],{},[20,109449,109450,153],{},[15,109451,102853],{},[155,109453,109454,109457,109459,109461],{},[158,109455,109456],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[158,109458,96300],{},[158,109460,96303],{},[158,109462,109463,109464,109466],{},"Raises ",[15,109465,19834],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109468,109469],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[142,109471,2319],{"id":2318},[46,109473,109475],{"className":48,"code":109474,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109476,109477],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109478,109479,109481,109483,109485,109487,109489],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109480,15816],{"class":61},[55,109482,44],{"class":69},[55,109484,34936],{"class":99},[55,109486,103],{"class":69},[55,109488,2633],{"class":99},[55,109490,114],{"class":69},[155,109492,109493,109497,109502],{},[158,109494,109495,103075],{},[15,109496,15816],{},[158,109498,109499,109501],{},[15,109500,2633],{}," is the item to remove",[158,109503,109504],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109506,109507],{},"Here is a small example:",[46,109509,109510],{"className":48,"code":108952,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,109511,109512,109532,109546],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109513,109514,109516,109518,109520,109522,109524,109526,109528,109530],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109515,62],{"class":61},[55,109517,66],{"class":65},[55,109519,10652],{"class":69},[55,109521,74],{"class":73},[55,109523,77],{"class":69},[55,109525,80],{"class":73},[55,109527,77],{"class":69},[55,109529,111],{"class":73},[55,109531,9471],{"class":69},[55,109533,109534,109536,109538,109540,109542,109544],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,109535,94],{"class":61},[55,109537,44],{"class":69},[55,109539,34936],{"class":99},[55,109541,103],{"class":69},[55,109543,106],{"class":73},[55,109545,114],{"class":69},[55,109547,109548,109550,109552,109554],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,109549,121],{"class":120},[55,109551,103],{"class":69},[55,109553,94],{"class":99},[55,109555,114],{"class":69},[20,109557,109558],{},[1966,109559,30174],{},[46,109561,109562],{"className":48,"code":101283,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,109563,109564],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109565,109566,109568,109570,109572,109574],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109567,9440],{"class":69},[55,109569,74],{"class":73},[55,109571,77],{"class":69},[55,109573,111],{"class":73},[55,109575,9471],{"class":69},[142,109577,11634],{"id":11633},[46,109579,109581],{"className":48,"code":109580,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109582,109583,109615,109619,109637,109641],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109584,109585,109587,109589,109591,109593,109595,109597,109599,109601,109603,109605,109607,109609,109611,109613],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109586,36378],{"class":61},[55,109588,66],{"class":65},[55,109590,10652],{"class":69},[55,109592,248],{"class":247},[55,109594,1035],{"class":251},[55,109596,248],{"class":247},[55,109598,77],{"class":69},[55,109600,258],{"class":247},[55,109602,1072],{"class":251},[55,109604,248],{"class":247},[55,109606,77],{"class":69},[55,109608,258],{"class":247},[55,109610,1044],{"class":251},[55,109612,248],{"class":247},[55,109614,9471],{"class":69},[55,109616,109617],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,109618,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,109620,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,109622,36430],{"class":61},[55,109624,44],{"class":69},[55,109626,34936],{"class":99},[55,109628,103],{"class":69},[55,109630,248],{"class":247},[55,109632,1072],{"class":251},[55,109634,248],{"class":247},[55,109636,114],{"class":69},[55,109638,109639],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,109640,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,109642,109643,109645,109647,109649],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,109644,121],{"class":120},[55,109646,103],{"class":69},[55,109648,36430],{"class":99},[55,109650,114],{"class":69},[20,109652,109653],{},[1966,109654,30174],{},[46,109656,109658],{"className":48,"code":109657,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109659,109660],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109661,109662,109664,109666,109668,109670,109672,109674,109676,109678],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109663,9440],{"class":69},[55,109665,315],{"class":247},[55,109667,1035],{"class":251},[55,109669,315],{"class":247},[55,109671,77],{"class":69},[55,109673,324],{"class":247},[55,109675,1044],{"class":251},[55,109677,315],{"class":247},[55,109679,9471],{"class":69},[20,109681,109682,109683,109685],{},"This removes ",[15,109684,65399],{}," from the set.",[20,109687,109688,109689,109691,109692,44],{},"A set does ",[1966,109690,1968],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[36,109693,96317],{"href":97868},[142,109695,109697],{"id":109696},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109699,109700,109701,52639,109703,44],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109702,55656],{},[15,109704,19834],{},[46,109706,109708],{"className":48,"code":109707,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109709,109710,109742],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109711,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724,109726,109728,109730,109732,109734,109736,109738,109740],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109713,372],{"class":61},[55,109715,66],{"class":65},[55,109717,10652],{"class":69},[55,109719,248],{"class":247},[55,109721,381],{"class":251},[55,109723,248],{"class":247},[55,109725,77],{"class":69},[55,109727,258],{"class":247},[55,109729,390],{"class":251},[55,109731,248],{"class":247},[55,109733,77],{"class":69},[55,109735,258],{"class":247},[55,109737,399],{"class":251},[55,109739,248],{"class":247},[55,109741,9471],{"class":69},[55,109743,109744,109746,109748,109750,109752,109754,109756,109758],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,109745,434],{"class":61},[55,109747,44],{"class":69},[55,109749,34936],{"class":99},[55,109751,103],{"class":69},[55,109753,248],{"class":247},[55,109755,449],{"class":251},[55,109757,248],{"class":247},[55,109759,114],{"class":69},[20,109761,109762],{},[1966,109763,109764],{},"Result:",[46,109766,109768],{"className":48,"code":109767,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109769,109770],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109771,109772,109774,109776,109778,109780],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109773,19834],{"class":1898},[55,109775,153],{"class":69},[55,109777,324],{"class":247},[55,109779,449],{"class":251},[55,109781,29844],{"class":247},[20,109783,22336,109784,109787],{},[15,109785,109786],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109789,109790,109791,109793],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109792,55656],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109795,109796,109797,44],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[36,109798,11422],{"href":11234},[142,109800,4361,109802,109804,109805],{"id":109801},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109803,55656],{}," is different from ",[15,109806,102839],{},[20,109808,109809,352,109811,109813],{},[15,109810,55656],{},[15,109812,102839],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[577,109815,109816],{"id":34936},[15,109817,55656],{},[155,109819,109820,109823],{},[158,109821,109822],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[158,109824,109825],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[46,109827,109829],{"className":48,"code":109828,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109830,109831,109863],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109832,109833,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855,109857,109859,109861],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109834,240],{"class":61},[55,109836,66],{"class":65},[55,109838,10652],{"class":69},[55,109840,248],{"class":247},[55,109842,36],{"class":251},[55,109844,248],{"class":247},[55,109846,77],{"class":69},[55,109848,258],{"class":247},[55,109850,285],{"class":251},[55,109852,248],{"class":247},[55,109854,77],{"class":69},[55,109856,258],{"class":247},[55,109858,261],{"class":251},[55,109860,248],{"class":247},[55,109862,9471],{"class":69},[55,109864,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873,109875,109877,109879],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,109866,270],{"class":61},[55,109868,44],{"class":69},[55,109870,34936],{"class":99},[55,109872,103],{"class":69},[55,109874,248],{"class":247},[55,109876,886],{"class":251},[55,109878,248],{"class":247},[55,109880,114],{"class":69},[20,109882,108639],{},[46,109884,109886],{"className":48,"code":109885,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109887,109888],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109889,109890,109892,109894,109896,109898],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109891,19834],{"class":1898},[55,109893,153],{"class":69},[55,109895,324],{"class":247},[55,109897,886],{"class":251},[55,109899,29844],{"class":247},[577,109901,109902],{"id":102906},[15,109903,102839],{},[155,109905,109906,109908],{},[158,109907,109822],{},[158,109909,109910],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[46,109912,109914],{"className":48,"code":109913,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109915,109916,109948,109966],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109917,109918,109920,109922,109924,109926,109928,109930,109932,109934,109936,109938,109940,109942,109944,109946],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109919,240],{"class":61},[55,109921,66],{"class":65},[55,109923,10652],{"class":69},[55,109925,248],{"class":247},[55,109927,36],{"class":251},[55,109929,248],{"class":247},[55,109931,77],{"class":69},[55,109933,258],{"class":247},[55,109935,285],{"class":251},[55,109937,248],{"class":247},[55,109939,77],{"class":69},[55,109941,258],{"class":247},[55,109943,261],{"class":251},[55,109945,248],{"class":247},[55,109947,9471],{"class":69},[55,109949,109950,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,109951,270],{"class":61},[55,109953,44],{"class":69},[55,109955,102906],{"class":99},[55,109957,103],{"class":69},[55,109959,248],{"class":247},[55,109961,886],{"class":251},[55,109963,248],{"class":247},[55,109965,114],{"class":69},[55,109967,109968,109970,109972,109974],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,109969,121],{"class":120},[55,109971,103],{"class":69},[55,109973,270],{"class":99},[55,109975,114],{"class":69},[20,109977,109978],{},[1966,109979,302],{},[46,109981,109983],{"className":48,"code":109982,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109984,109985],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109986,109987,109989,109991,109993,109995,109997,109999,110001,110003,110005,110007,110009,110011],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109988,9440],{"class":69},[55,109990,315],{"class":247},[55,109992,36],{"class":251},[55,109994,315],{"class":247},[55,109996,77],{"class":69},[55,109998,324],{"class":247},[55,110000,285],{"class":251},[55,110002,315],{"class":247},[55,110004,77],{"class":69},[55,110006,324],{"class":247},[55,110008,261],{"class":251},[55,110010,315],{"class":247},[55,110012,9471],{"class":69},[20,110014,18842],{},[155,110016,110017,110022],{},[158,110018,110019,110021],{},[15,110020,55656],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[158,110023,110024,110026],{},[15,110025,102839],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110028,110029,110030,44],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[36,110031,96799,110032,43],{"href":108442},[15,110033,102839],{},[142,110035,1211],{"id":1210},[577,110037,1553,110039,97179],{"id":110038},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110040,55656],{},[20,110042,110043,110045,110046,44],{},[15,110044,55656],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110047,172],{},[20,110049,1343],{},[46,110051,110053],{"className":48,"code":110052,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110054,110055,110087,110109],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110056,110057,110059,110061,110063,110065,110067,110069,110071,110073,110075,110077,110079,110081,110083,110085],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110058,372],{"class":61},[55,110060,66],{"class":65},[55,110062,10652],{"class":69},[55,110064,248],{"class":247},[55,110066,381],{"class":251},[55,110068,248],{"class":247},[55,110070,77],{"class":69},[55,110072,258],{"class":247},[55,110074,390],{"class":251},[55,110076,248],{"class":247},[55,110078,77],{"class":69},[55,110080,258],{"class":247},[55,110082,399],{"class":251},[55,110084,248],{"class":247},[55,110086,9471],{"class":69},[55,110088,110089,110091,110093,110095,110097,110099,110101,110103,110105,110107],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,110090,13272],{"class":61},[55,110092,66],{"class":65},[55,110094,421],{"class":61},[55,110096,44],{"class":69},[55,110098,34936],{"class":99},[55,110100,103],{"class":69},[55,110102,248],{"class":247},[55,110104,390],{"class":251},[55,110106,248],{"class":247},[55,110108,114],{"class":69},[55,110110,110111,110113,110115,110117],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,110112,121],{"class":120},[55,110114,103],{"class":69},[55,110116,13295],{"class":99},[55,110118,114],{"class":69},[20,110120,110121],{},[1966,110122,302],{},[46,110124,110125],{"className":48,"code":1313,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,110126,110127],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110128,110129],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110130,1313],{"class":1312},[20,110132,16805],{},[46,110134,110135],{"className":48,"code":109345,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,110136,110137,110169,110187],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110138,110139,110141,110143,110145,110147,110149,110151,110153,110155,110157,110159,110161,110163,110165,110167],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110140,372],{"class":61},[55,110142,66],{"class":65},[55,110144,10652],{"class":69},[55,110146,248],{"class":247},[55,110148,381],{"class":251},[55,110150,248],{"class":247},[55,110152,77],{"class":69},[55,110154,258],{"class":247},[55,110156,390],{"class":251},[55,110158,248],{"class":247},[55,110160,77],{"class":69},[55,110162,258],{"class":247},[55,110164,399],{"class":251},[55,110166,248],{"class":247},[55,110168,9471],{"class":69},[55,110170,110171,110173,110175,110177,110179,110181,110183,110185],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,110172,434],{"class":61},[55,110174,44],{"class":69},[55,110176,34936],{"class":99},[55,110178,103],{"class":69},[55,110180,248],{"class":247},[55,110182,390],{"class":251},[55,110184,248],{"class":247},[55,110186,114],{"class":69},[55,110188,110189,110191,110193,110195],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,110190,121],{"class":120},[55,110192,103],{"class":69},[55,110194,434],{"class":99},[55,110196,114],{"class":69},[577,110198,110200],{"id":110199},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110202,110203,110204,44],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110205,19834],{},[46,110207,110209],{"className":48,"code":110208,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110210,110211,110235],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110212,110213,110215,110217,110219,110221,110223,110225,110227,110229,110231,110233],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110214,372],{"class":61},[55,110216,66],{"class":65},[55,110218,10652],{"class":69},[55,110220,248],{"class":247},[55,110222,381],{"class":251},[55,110224,248],{"class":247},[55,110226,77],{"class":69},[55,110228,258],{"class":247},[55,110230,390],{"class":251},[55,110232,248],{"class":247},[55,110234,9471],{"class":69},[55,110236,110237,110239,110241,110243,110245,110247,110249,110251],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,110238,434],{"class":61},[55,110240,44],{"class":69},[55,110242,34936],{"class":99},[55,110244,103],{"class":69},[55,110246,248],{"class":247},[55,110248,399],{"class":251},[55,110250,248],{"class":247},[55,110252,114],{"class":69},[20,110254,110255,110256,153],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110257,4047],{},[46,110259,110261],{"className":48,"code":110260,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110262,110263,110287,110291,110307],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110264,110265,110267,110269,110271,110273,110275,110277,110279,110281,110283,110285],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110266,372],{"class":61},[55,110268,66],{"class":65},[55,110270,10652],{"class":69},[55,110272,248],{"class":247},[55,110274,381],{"class":251},[55,110276,248],{"class":247},[55,110278,77],{"class":69},[55,110280,258],{"class":247},[55,110282,390],{"class":251},[55,110284,248],{"class":247},[55,110286,9471],{"class":69},[55,110288,110289],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,110290,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,110292,110293,110295,110297,110299,110301,110303,110305],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,110294,7157],{"class":4040},[55,110296,258],{"class":247},[55,110298,399],{"class":251},[55,110300,248],{"class":247},[55,110302,21320],{"class":65},[55,110304,421],{"class":61},[55,110306,6552],{"class":69},[55,110308,110309,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,110310,110311],{"class":61},"    colors",[55,110313,44],{"class":69},[55,110315,34936],{"class":99},[55,110317,103],{"class":69},[55,110319,248],{"class":247},[55,110321,399],{"class":251},[55,110323,248],{"class":247},[55,110325,114],{"class":69},[20,110327,110328,110329,110333],{},"Or use ",[36,110330,110331],{"href":108442},[15,110332,102839],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[577,110335,37343,110337,8866,110339],{"id":110336},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110338,102853],{},[15,110340,55204],{},[20,110342,110343],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110345,110346,110347,110349],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110348,102853],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110351,110352,110353,44],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[36,110354,99063],{"href":99062},[577,110356,110358],{"id":110357},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110360,108348],{},[20,110362,110363],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[142,110365,1986],{"id":1985},[577,110367,1990,110369,97278],{"id":110368},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110370,102853],{},[20,110372,110373,110374,44],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110375,172],{},[577,110377,30432,110379,110381],{"id":110378},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110380,102853],{}," raise?",[20,110383,30438,110384,110386],{},[15,110385,19834],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[577,110388,21567,110390,3041,110392,2027],{"id":110389},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110391,55656],{},[15,110393,102839],{},[20,110395,31,110396,110398,110399,110401],{},[15,110397,55656],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110400,102839],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[577,110403,2009,110405,110407],{"id":110404},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110406,102853],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110409,110410],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[142,110412,2039],{"id":2038},[155,110414,110415,110421,110427,110431,110435],{},[158,110416,110417],{},[36,110418,96799,110419,43],{"href":108442},[15,110420,102839],{},[158,110422,110423],{},[36,110424,96799,110425,43],{"href":98199},[15,110426,12918],{},[158,110428,110429],{},[36,110430,97323],{"href":97868},[158,110432,110433],{},[36,110434,100329],{"href":99062},[158,110436,110437],{},[36,110438,11422],{"href":11234},[2080,110440,110441],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":110443},[110444,110445,110447,110448,110449,110450,110455,110463,110473],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":109445,"depth":91,"text":110446},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":109696,"depth":91,"text":109697},{"id":109801,"depth":91,"text":110451,"children":110452},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110453,110454],{"id":34936,"depth":117,"text":55656},{"id":102906,"depth":117,"text":102839},{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":110456},[110457,110459,110460,110462],{"id":110038,"depth":117,"text":110458},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110199,"depth":117,"text":110200},{"id":110336,"depth":117,"text":110461},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110357,"depth":117,"text":110358},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":110464},[110465,110467,110469,110471],{"id":110368,"depth":117,"text":110466},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110378,"depth":117,"text":110468},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110389,"depth":117,"text":110470},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110404,"depth":117,"text":110472},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109319,"description":110474},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110481,"title":110482,"body":110483,"description":111856,"extension":2124,"meta":111857,"navigation":428,"path":111858,"seo":111859,"stem":111860,"__hash__":111861},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110484,"toc":111831},[110485,110491,110497,110500,110503,110517,110519,110600,110603,110608,110612,110626,110633,110635,110654,110657,110675,110677,110757,110759,110784,110788,110791,110799,110804,110809,110811,110824,110829,110832,110856,110859,110867,110869,110872,110969,110971,111004,111006,111032,111039,111042,111046,111054,111058,111066,111068,111158,111160,111174,111181,111186,111191,111193,111284,111286,111298,111300,111314,111320,111328,111330,111412,111414,111459,111462,111470,111473,111475,111479,111522,111524,111544,111549,111551,111636,111638,111643,111645,111652,111660,111666,111669,111671,111757,111759,111783,111787,111790,111792,111819,111829],[10,110486,96185,110488,18],{"id":110487},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110489,110490],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110492,110493,110496],{},[15,110494,110495],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110498,110499],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110501,110502],{},"Use it when:",[155,110504,110505,110508,110514],{},[158,110506,110507],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[158,110509,110510,110511,110513],{},"you do ",[1966,110512,1968],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[158,110515,110516],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[142,110518,3774],{"id":3773},[46,110520,110522],{"className":48,"code":110521,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110523,110524,110544,110564,110568,110587],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110525,110526,110528,110530,110532,110534,110536,110538,110540,110542],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110527,2715],{"class":61},[55,110529,66],{"class":65},[55,110531,10652],{"class":69},[55,110533,74],{"class":73},[55,110535,77],{"class":69},[55,110537,80],{"class":73},[55,110539,77],{"class":69},[55,110541,111],{"class":73},[55,110543,9471],{"class":69},[55,110545,110546,110548,110550,110552,110554,110556,110558,110560,110562],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,110547,2743],{"class":61},[55,110549,66],{"class":65},[55,110551,10652],{"class":69},[55,110553,2223],{"class":73},[55,110555,77],{"class":69},[55,110557,85],{"class":73},[55,110559,77],{"class":69},[55,110561,4766],{"class":73},[55,110563,9471],{"class":69},[55,110565,110566],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,110567,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,110569,110570,110572,110574,110576,110578,110581,110583,110585],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,110571,1255],{"class":61},[55,110573,66],{"class":65},[55,110575,57013],{"class":61},[55,110577,44],{"class":69},[55,110579,110580],{"class":99},"symmetric_difference",[55,110582,103],{"class":69},[55,110584,285],{"class":99},[55,110586,114],{"class":69},[55,110588,110589,110591,110593,110595,110597],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,110590,121],{"class":120},[55,110592,103],{"class":69},[55,110594,1288],{"class":99},[55,110596,3825],{"class":69},[55,110598,110599],{"class":133},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110601,110602],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[142,110604,145,110606,148],{"id":110605},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110607,110490],{},[20,110609,110610,153],{},[15,110611,110495],{},[155,110613,110614,110617,110620,110623],{},[158,110615,110616],{},"returns a new set",[158,110618,110619],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[158,110621,110622],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[158,110624,110625],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110627,96309,110628,3041,110630,44],{},[36,110629,96313],{"href":96312},[36,110631,110632],{"href":96316},"creating a set in Python",[142,110634,2319],{"id":2318},[46,110636,110638],{"className":48,"code":110637,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110639,110640],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110641,110642,110644,110646,110648,110650,110652],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110643,100570],{"class":61},[55,110645,44],{"class":69},[55,110647,110580],{"class":99},[55,110649,103],{"class":69},[55,110651,100579],{"class":99},[55,110653,114],{"class":69},[20,110655,110656],{},"Notes:",[155,110658,110659,110664,110669,110672],{},[158,110660,110661,110663],{},[15,110662,100570],{}," must be a set",[158,110665,110666,110668],{},[15,110667,100579],{}," can be any iterable",[158,110670,110671],{},"the result is always a set",[158,110673,110674],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110676,230],{},[46,110678,110680],{"className":48,"code":110679,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110681,110682,110703,110724,110728,110747],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110683,110684,110687,110689,110691,110693,110695,110697,110699,110701],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110685,110686],{"class":61},"set1 ",[55,110688,66],{"class":65},[55,110690,10652],{"class":69},[55,110692,74],{"class":73},[55,110694,77],{"class":69},[55,110696,80],{"class":73},[55,110698,77],{"class":69},[55,110700,111],{"class":73},[55,110702,9471],{"class":69},[55,110704,110705,110708,110710,110712,110714,110716,110718,110720,110722],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,110706,110707],{"class":61},"set2 ",[55,110709,66],{"class":65},[55,110711,10652],{"class":69},[55,110713,2223],{"class":73},[55,110715,77],{"class":69},[55,110717,85],{"class":73},[55,110719,77],{"class":69},[55,110721,4766],{"class":73},[55,110723,9471],{"class":69},[55,110725,110726],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,110727,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,110729,110730,110732,110734,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,110731,1255],{"class":61},[55,110733,66],{"class":65},[55,110735,110736],{"class":61}," set1",[55,110738,44],{"class":69},[55,110740,110580],{"class":99},[55,110742,103],{"class":69},[55,110744,100579],{"class":99},[55,110746,114],{"class":69},[55,110748,110749,110751,110753,110755],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,110750,121],{"class":120},[55,110752,103],{"class":69},[55,110754,1288],{"class":99},[55,110756,114],{"class":69},[20,110758,302],{},[46,110760,110762],{"className":48,"code":110761,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110763,110764],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110765,110766,110768,110770,110772,110774,110776,110778,110780,110782],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110767,9440],{"class":69},[55,110769,74],{"class":73},[55,110771,77],{"class":69},[55,110773,80],{"class":73},[55,110775,77],{"class":69},[55,110777,85],{"class":73},[55,110779,77],{"class":69},[55,110781,4766],{"class":73},[55,110783,9471],{"class":69},[142,110785,110787],{"id":110786},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110789,110790],{},"The result includes:",[155,110792,110793,110796],{},[158,110794,110795],{},"items only in the first set",[158,110797,110798],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110800,110801,110802,11243],{},"The result does ",[1966,110803,1968],{},[155,110805,110806],{},[158,110807,110808],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110810,5631],{},[155,110812,110813,110818],{},[158,110814,110815,110816],{},"first set: ",[15,110817,100267],{},[158,110819,110820,110821],{},"second set: ",[15,110822,110823],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110825,4213,110826,110828],{},[15,110827,2223],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110830,110831],{},"The output is:",[46,110833,110834],{"className":48,"code":110761,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,110835,110836],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110837,110838,110840,110842,110844,110846,110848,110850,110852,110854],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110839,9440],{"class":69},[55,110841,74],{"class":73},[55,110843,77],{"class":69},[55,110845,80],{"class":73},[55,110847,77],{"class":69},[55,110849,85],{"class":73},[55,110851,77],{"class":69},[55,110853,4766],{"class":73},[55,110855,9471],{"class":69},[20,110857,110858],{},"Also remember:",[155,110860,110861,110864],{},[158,110862,110863],{},"sets are unordered",[158,110865,110866],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[142,110868,11634],{"id":11633},[20,110870,110871],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[46,110873,110875],{"className":48,"code":110874,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110876,110877,110909,110933,110937,110955,110959],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110878,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895,110897,110899,110901,110903,110905,110907],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110880,107010],{"class":61},[55,110882,66],{"class":65},[55,110884,10652],{"class":69},[55,110886,248],{"class":247},[55,110888,381],{"class":251},[55,110890,248],{"class":247},[55,110892,77],{"class":69},[55,110894,258],{"class":247},[55,110896,390],{"class":251},[55,110898,248],{"class":247},[55,110900,77],{"class":69},[55,110902,258],{"class":247},[55,110904,399],{"class":251},[55,110906,248],{"class":247},[55,110908,9471],{"class":69},[55,110910,110911,110913,110915,110917,110919,110921,110923,110925,110927,110929,110931],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,110912,107043],{"class":61},[55,110914,66],{"class":65},[55,110916,10652],{"class":69},[55,110918,248],{"class":247},[55,110920,399],{"class":251},[55,110922,248],{"class":247},[55,110924,77],{"class":69},[55,110926,258],{"class":247},[55,110928,449],{"class":251},[55,110930,248],{"class":247},[55,110932,9471],{"class":69},[55,110934,110935],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,110936,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,110938,110939,110941,110943,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,110940,1255],{"class":61},[55,110942,66],{"class":65},[55,110944,107085],{"class":61},[55,110946,44],{"class":69},[55,110948,110580],{"class":99},[55,110950,103],{"class":69},[55,110952,107094],{"class":99},[55,110954,114],{"class":69},[55,110956,110957],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,110958,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,110960,110961,110963,110965,110967],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,110962,121],{"class":120},[55,110964,103],{"class":69},[55,110966,1288],{"class":99},[55,110968,114],{"class":69},[20,110970,302],{},[46,110972,110974],{"className":48,"code":110973,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110975,110976],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110977,110978,110980,110982,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998,111000,111002],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110979,9440],{"class":69},[55,110981,315],{"class":247},[55,110983,381],{"class":251},[55,110985,315],{"class":247},[55,110987,77],{"class":69},[55,110989,324],{"class":247},[55,110991,390],{"class":251},[55,110993,315],{"class":247},[55,110995,77],{"class":69},[55,110997,324],{"class":247},[55,110999,449],{"class":251},[55,111001,315],{"class":247},[55,111003,9471],{"class":69},[20,111005,13560],{},[155,111007,111008,111013,111024],{},[158,111009,111010,111012],{},[15,111011,96478],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[158,111014,111015,352,111017,111020,111021,111023],{},[15,111016,65517],{},[15,111018,111019],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111022,107147],{},", so they stay",[158,111025,111026,111028,111029,111031],{},[15,111027,109786],{}," is only in ",[15,111030,107094],{},", so it stays",[142,111033,111035,982,111037],{"id":111034},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111036,110490],{},[15,111038,100399],{},[20,111040,111041],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111043,111044,153],{},[15,111045,100399],{},[155,111047,111048,111051],{},[158,111049,111050],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[158,111052,111053],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111055,111056,153],{},[15,111057,110490],{},[155,111059,111060,111063],{},[158,111061,111062],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[158,111064,111065],{},"removes shared items",[20,111067,230],{},[46,111069,111071],{"className":48,"code":111070,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111072,111073,111093,111113,111117,111138],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111074,111075,111077,111079,111081,111083,111085,111087,111089,111091],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111076,2715],{"class":61},[55,111078,66],{"class":65},[55,111080,10652],{"class":69},[55,111082,74],{"class":73},[55,111084,77],{"class":69},[55,111086,80],{"class":73},[55,111088,77],{"class":69},[55,111090,111],{"class":73},[55,111092,9471],{"class":69},[55,111094,111095,111097,111099,111101,111103,111105,111107,111109,111111],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,111096,2743],{"class":61},[55,111098,66],{"class":65},[55,111100,10652],{"class":69},[55,111102,2223],{"class":73},[55,111104,77],{"class":69},[55,111106,85],{"class":73},[55,111108,77],{"class":69},[55,111110,4766],{"class":73},[55,111112,9471],{"class":69},[55,111114,111115],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,111116,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,111118,111119,111121,111123,111125,111127,111129,111131,111133,111135],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,111120,121],{"class":120},[55,111122,103],{"class":69},[55,111124,36],{"class":99},[55,111126,44],{"class":69},[55,111128,2973],{"class":99},[55,111130,103],{"class":69},[55,111132,285],{"class":99},[55,111134,5522],{"class":69},[55,111136,111137],{"class":133},"            # {1, 2}\n",[55,111139,111140,111142,111144,111146,111148,111150,111152,111154,111156],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,111141,121],{"class":120},[55,111143,103],{"class":69},[55,111145,36],{"class":99},[55,111147,44],{"class":69},[55,111149,110580],{"class":99},[55,111151,103],{"class":69},[55,111153,285],{"class":99},[55,111155,5522],{"class":69},[55,111157,110599],{"class":133},[20,111159,18842],{},[155,111161,111162,111169],{},[158,111163,111164,111168],{},[36,111165,111166],{"href":102825},[15,111167,100399],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[158,111170,111171,111173],{},[15,111172,110490],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[142,111175,111177,982,111179],{"id":111176},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111178,110490],{},[15,111180,102784],{},[20,111182,111183,111185],{},[15,111184,102784],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111187,111188,111190],{},[15,111189,110490],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111192,230],{},[46,111194,111196],{"className":48,"code":111195,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111197,111198,111218,111238,111242,111264],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111199,111200,111202,111204,111206,111208,111210,111212,111214,111216],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111201,2715],{"class":61},[55,111203,66],{"class":65},[55,111205,10652],{"class":69},[55,111207,74],{"class":73},[55,111209,77],{"class":69},[55,111211,80],{"class":73},[55,111213,77],{"class":69},[55,111215,111],{"class":73},[55,111217,9471],{"class":69},[55,111219,111220,111222,111224,111226,111228,111230,111232,111234,111236],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,111221,2743],{"class":61},[55,111223,66],{"class":65},[55,111225,10652],{"class":69},[55,111227,2223],{"class":73},[55,111229,77],{"class":69},[55,111231,85],{"class":73},[55,111233,77],{"class":69},[55,111235,4766],{"class":73},[55,111237,9471],{"class":69},[55,111239,111240],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,111241,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,111243,111244,111246,111248,111250,111252,111255,111257,111259,111261],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,111245,121],{"class":120},[55,111247,103],{"class":69},[55,111249,36],{"class":99},[55,111251,44],{"class":69},[55,111253,111254],{"class":99},"union",[55,111256,103],{"class":69},[55,111258,285],{"class":99},[55,111260,5522],{"class":69},[55,111262,111263],{"class":133},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[55,111265,111266,111268,111270,111272,111274,111276,111278,111280,111282],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,111267,121],{"class":120},[55,111269,103],{"class":69},[55,111271,36],{"class":99},[55,111273,44],{"class":69},[55,111275,110580],{"class":99},[55,111277,103],{"class":69},[55,111279,285],{"class":99},[55,111281,5522],{"class":69},[55,111283,110599],{"class":133},[20,111285,27365],{},[155,111287,111288,111293],{},[158,111289,111290,111292],{},[15,111291,102784],{}," includes everything",[158,111294,111295,111297],{},[15,111296,110490],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111299,18842],{},[155,111301,111302,111309],{},[158,111303,111304,111308],{},[36,111305,111306],{"href":107715},[15,111307,102784],{}," when overlap does not matter",[158,111310,111311,111313],{},[15,111312,110490],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[142,111315,36751,111317,101583],{"id":111316},"using-the-operator",[15,111318,111319],{},"^",[20,111321,111322,111323,111325,111326,44],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111324,111319],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111327,110490],{},[20,111329,230],{},[46,111331,111333],{"className":48,"code":111332,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111334,111335,111355,111375,111379,111397],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111336,111337,111339,111341,111343,111345,111347,111349,111351,111353],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111338,110686],{"class":61},[55,111340,66],{"class":65},[55,111342,10652],{"class":69},[55,111344,74],{"class":73},[55,111346,77],{"class":69},[55,111348,80],{"class":73},[55,111350,77],{"class":69},[55,111352,111],{"class":73},[55,111354,9471],{"class":69},[55,111356,111357,111359,111361,111363,111365,111367,111369,111371,111373],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,111358,110707],{"class":61},[55,111360,66],{"class":65},[55,111362,10652],{"class":69},[55,111364,2223],{"class":73},[55,111366,77],{"class":69},[55,111368,85],{"class":73},[55,111370,77],{"class":69},[55,111372,4766],{"class":73},[55,111374,9471],{"class":69},[55,111376,111377],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,111378,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,111380,111381,111383,111385,111387,111389,111391,111393,111395],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,111382,121],{"class":120},[55,111384,103],{"class":69},[55,111386,100570],{"class":99},[55,111388,44],{"class":69},[55,111390,110580],{"class":99},[55,111392,103],{"class":69},[55,111394,100579],{"class":99},[55,111396,1867],{"class":69},[55,111398,111399,111401,111403,111405,111407,111410],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,111400,121],{"class":120},[55,111402,103],{"class":69},[55,111404,110686],{"class":99},[55,111406,111319],{"class":65},[55,111408,111409],{"class":99}," set2",[55,111411,114],{"class":69},[20,111413,30174],{},[46,111415,111417],{"className":48,"code":111416,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111418,111419,111439],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111420,111421,111423,111425,111427,111429,111431,111433,111435,111437],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111422,9440],{"class":69},[55,111424,74],{"class":73},[55,111426,77],{"class":69},[55,111428,80],{"class":73},[55,111430,77],{"class":69},[55,111432,85],{"class":73},[55,111434,77],{"class":69},[55,111436,4766],{"class":73},[55,111438,9471],{"class":69},[55,111440,111441,111443,111445,111447,111449,111451,111453,111455,111457],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,111442,9440],{"class":69},[55,111444,74],{"class":73},[55,111446,77],{"class":69},[55,111448,80],{"class":73},[55,111450,77],{"class":69},[55,111452,85],{"class":73},[55,111454,77],{"class":69},[55,111456,4766],{"class":73},[55,111458,9471],{"class":69},[20,111460,111461],{},"Both forms:",[155,111463,111464,111467],{},[158,111465,111466],{},"return a new set",[158,111468,111469],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111471,111472],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[142,111474,1211],{"id":1210},[20,111476,21358,111477,153],{},[15,111478,110490],{},[155,111480,111481,111489,111499,111514],{},[158,111482,111483,111486,111488],{},[1966,111484,111485],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10008,111487],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[158,111490,111491,111494,111496,111498],{},[1966,111492,111493],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10008,111495],{},[15,111497,110490],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[158,111500,111501,111506,111508,111510,111511,111513],{},[1966,111502,111503,111504],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111505,100399],{},[10008,111507],{},[15,111509,100399],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111512,110490],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[158,111515,111516,111519,111521],{},[1966,111517,111518],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10008,111520],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111523,58985],{},[155,111525,111526,111535,111538,111541],{},[158,111527,50636,111528,44772,111530,111534],{},[15,111529,110490],{},[36,111531,111532],{"href":107715},[15,111533,102784],{}," is actually needed",[158,111536,111537],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[158,111539,111540],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[158,111542,111543],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111545,111546,111547,44],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[36,111548,99063],{"href":105328},[20,111550,62419],{},[46,111552,111554],{"className":48,"code":111553,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111555,111556,111566,111576,111594,111608,111622],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111557,111558,111560,111562,111564],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111559,121],{"class":120},[55,111561,103],{"class":69},[55,111563,100570],{"class":99},[55,111565,114],{"class":69},[55,111567,111568,111570,111572,111574],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,111569,121],{"class":120},[55,111571,103],{"class":69},[55,111573,100579],{"class":99},[55,111575,114],{"class":69},[55,111577,111578,111580,111582,111584,111586,111588,111590,111592],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,111579,121],{"class":120},[55,111581,103],{"class":69},[55,111583,100570],{"class":99},[55,111585,44],{"class":69},[55,111587,110580],{"class":99},[55,111589,103],{"class":69},[55,111591,100579],{"class":99},[55,111593,1867],{"class":69},[55,111595,111596,111598,111600,111602,111604,111606],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,111597,121],{"class":120},[55,111599,103],{"class":69},[55,111601,110686],{"class":99},[55,111603,111319],{"class":65},[55,111605,111409],{"class":99},[55,111607,114],{"class":69},[55,111609,111610,111612,111614,111616,111618,111620],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,111611,121],{"class":120},[55,111613,103],{"class":69},[55,111615,1910],{"class":1898},[55,111617,103],{"class":69},[55,111619,100570],{"class":99},[55,111621,1867],{"class":69},[55,111623,111624,111626,111628,111630,111632,111634],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,111625,121],{"class":120},[55,111627,103],{"class":69},[55,111629,1910],{"class":1898},[55,111631,103],{"class":69},[55,111633,100579],{"class":99},[55,111635,1867],{"class":69},[142,111637,1986],{"id":1985},[577,111639,1990,111641,102724],{"id":111640},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111642,110490],{},[20,111644,102727],{},[577,111646,2022,111648,352,111650,2027],{"id":111647},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111649,110490],{},[15,111651,100399],{},[20,111653,111654,111656,111657,111659],{},[15,111655,100399],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111658,110490],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[577,111661,28473,111663,111665],{"id":111662},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111664,110490],{}," with lists?",[20,111667,111668],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111670,230],{},[46,111672,111674],{"className":48,"code":111673,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111675,111676,111696,111716,111720,111747],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111677,111678,111680,111682,111684,111686,111688,111690,111692,111694],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111679,80640],{"class":61},[55,111681,66],{"class":65},[55,111683,70],{"class":69},[55,111685,74],{"class":73},[55,111687,77],{"class":69},[55,111689,80],{"class":73},[55,111691,77],{"class":69},[55,111693,111],{"class":73},[55,111695,88],{"class":69},[55,111697,111698,111700,111702,111704,111706,111708,111710,111712,111714],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,111699,80661],{"class":61},[55,111701,66],{"class":65},[55,111703,70],{"class":69},[55,111705,2223],{"class":73},[55,111707,77],{"class":69},[55,111709,85],{"class":73},[55,111711,77],{"class":69},[55,111713,4766],{"class":73},[55,111715,88],{"class":69},[55,111717,111718],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,111719,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,111721,111722,111724,111726,111728,111730,111733,111735,111737,111739,111741,111743,111745],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,111723,1255],{"class":61},[55,111725,66],{"class":65},[55,111727,15783],{"class":1898},[55,111729,103],{"class":69},[55,111731,111732],{"class":99},"list1",[55,111734,8792],{"class":69},[55,111736,110580],{"class":99},[55,111738,103],{"class":69},[55,111740,6445],{"class":1898},[55,111742,103],{"class":69},[55,111744,80927],{"class":99},[55,111746,1867],{"class":69},[55,111748,111749,111751,111753,111755],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,111750,121],{"class":120},[55,111752,103],{"class":69},[55,111754,1288],{"class":99},[55,111756,114],{"class":69},[20,111758,302],{},[46,111760,111761],{"className":48,"code":110761,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,111762,111763],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111764,111765,111767,111769,111771,111773,111775,111777,111779,111781],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111766,9440],{"class":69},[55,111768,74],{"class":73},[55,111770,77],{"class":69},[55,111772,80],{"class":73},[55,111774,77],{"class":69},[55,111776,85],{"class":73},[55,111778,77],{"class":69},[55,111780,4766],{"class":73},[55,111782,9471],{"class":69},[577,111784,111786],{"id":111785},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111788,111789],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[142,111791,2039],{"id":2038},[155,111793,111794,111798,111803,111809,111815],{},[158,111795,111796],{},[36,111797,96313],{"href":96312},[158,111799,111800],{},[36,111801,111802],{"href":96316},"Creating a set in Python",[158,111804,111805],{},[36,111806,96799,111807,43],{"href":102825},[15,111808,100399],{},[158,111810,111811],{},[36,111812,96799,111813,43],{"href":107715},[15,111814,102784],{},[158,111816,111817],{},[36,111818,100329],{"href":105328},[20,111820,111821,111822,2352,111824,17222,111826,111828],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111823,100399],{},[15,111825,102784],{},[15,111827,110490],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2080,111830,57364],{},{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":111832},[111833,111834,111836,111837,111838,111839,111841,111843,111845,111846,111855],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":110605,"depth":91,"text":111835},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":110786,"depth":91,"text":110787},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":111034,"depth":91,"text":111840},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111176,"depth":91,"text":111842},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111316,"depth":91,"text":111844},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":111847},[111848,111850,111852,111854],{"id":111640,"depth":117,"text":111849},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111647,"depth":117,"text":111851},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111662,"depth":117,"text":111853},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111785,"depth":117,"text":111786},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110482,"description":111856},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111863,"title":111864,"body":111865,"description":113928,"extension":2124,"meta":113929,"navigation":428,"path":107715,"seo":113930,"stem":113931,"__hash__":113932},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111866,"toc":113887},[111867,111872,111877,111880,111893,111895,111977,111982,111987,111991,112003,112006,112010,112012,112039,112041,112052,112055,112124,112126,112132,112135,112145,112147,112236,112241,112243,112250,112253,112255,112258,112378,112380,112449,112452,112469,112474,112477,112593,112595,112624,112627,112633,112638,112642,112723,112725,112753,112758,112762,112857,112859,112900,112904,112907,112974,112976,113017,113023,113038,113045,113052,113056,113062,113148,113152,113160,113231,113236,113243,113245,113251,113253,113318,113320,113336,113341,113344,113413,113417,113420,113479,113482,113486,113539,113552,113555,113608,113612,113614,113645,113648,113653,113706,113710,113713,113734,113746,113748,113801,113803,113808,113810,113816,113819,113825,113830,113834,113837,113845,113854,113856,113884],[10,111868,3740,111870,18],{"id":111869},"python-setunion-method",[15,111871,108028],{},[20,111873,111874,111876],{},[15,111875,108028],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111878,111879],{},"It is useful when you want:",[155,111881,111882,111885,111890],{},[158,111883,111884],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[158,111886,2715,111887,111889],{},[1966,111888,100754],{}," as the result",[158,111891,111892],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[142,111894,2165],{"id":2164},[46,111896,111898],{"className":48,"code":111897,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111899,111900,111920,111940,111944,111962,111972],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111901,111902,111904,111906,111908,111910,111912,111914,111916,111918],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111903,110686],{"class":61},[55,111905,66],{"class":65},[55,111907,10652],{"class":69},[55,111909,74],{"class":73},[55,111911,77],{"class":69},[55,111913,80],{"class":73},[55,111915,77],{"class":69},[55,111917,111],{"class":73},[55,111919,9471],{"class":69},[55,111921,111922,111924,111926,111928,111930,111932,111934,111936,111938],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,111923,110707],{"class":61},[55,111925,66],{"class":65},[55,111927,10652],{"class":69},[55,111929,2223],{"class":73},[55,111931,77],{"class":69},[55,111933,85],{"class":73},[55,111935,77],{"class":69},[55,111937,4766],{"class":73},[55,111939,9471],{"class":69},[55,111941,111942],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,111943,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,111945,111946,111948,111950,111952,111954,111956,111958,111960],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,111947,1255],{"class":61},[55,111949,66],{"class":65},[55,111951,110736],{"class":61},[55,111953,44],{"class":69},[55,111955,111254],{"class":99},[55,111957,103],{"class":69},[55,111959,100579],{"class":99},[55,111961,114],{"class":69},[55,111963,111964,111966,111968,111970],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,111965,121],{"class":120},[55,111967,103],{"class":69},[55,111969,1288],{"class":99},[55,111971,114],{"class":69},[55,111973,111974],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,111975,111976],{"class":133},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111978,111979,111981],{},[15,111980,102784],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[142,111983,145,111985,148],{"id":111984},"what-setunion-does",[15,111986,108028],{},[20,111988,111989,153],{},[15,111990,108028],{},[155,111992,111993,111996,111999,112001],{},[158,111994,111995],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[158,111997,111998],{},"keeps only unique values",[158,112000,110616],{},[158,112002,110625],{},[20,112004,112005],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112007,96309,112008,44],{},[36,112009,96313],{"href":97484},[142,112011,2319],{"id":2318},[46,112013,112015],{"className":48,"code":112014,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112016,112017],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112018,112019,112021,112023,112025,112027,112029,112031,112033,112035,112037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112020,100570],{"class":61},[55,112022,44],{"class":69},[55,112024,111254],{"class":99},[55,112026,103],{"class":69},[55,112028,100579],{"class":99},[55,112030,77],{"class":69},[55,112032,100606],{"class":99},[55,112034,77],{"class":69},[55,112036,34595],{"class":120},[55,112038,114],{"class":69},[20,112040,13208],{},[155,112042,112043,112046,112049],{},[158,112044,112045],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[158,112047,112048],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[158,112050,112051],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112053,112054],{},"Example with two sets:",[46,112056,112058],{"className":48,"code":112057,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112059,112060,112076,112092,112096,112114],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112061,112062,112064,112066,112068,112070,112072,112074],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112063,2715],{"class":61},[55,112065,66],{"class":65},[55,112067,10652],{"class":69},[55,112069,74],{"class":73},[55,112071,77],{"class":69},[55,112073,80],{"class":73},[55,112075,9471],{"class":69},[55,112077,112078,112080,112082,112084,112086,112088,112090],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,112079,2743],{"class":61},[55,112081,66],{"class":65},[55,112083,10652],{"class":69},[55,112085,106],{"class":73},[55,112087,77],{"class":69},[55,112089,111],{"class":73},[55,112091,9471],{"class":69},[55,112093,112094],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,112095,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,112097,112098,112100,112102,112104,112106,112108,112110,112112],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,112099,1255],{"class":61},[55,112101,66],{"class":65},[55,112103,57013],{"class":61},[55,112105,44],{"class":69},[55,112107,111254],{"class":99},[55,112109,103],{"class":69},[55,112111,285],{"class":99},[55,112113,114],{"class":69},[55,112115,112116,112118,112120,112122],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,112117,121],{"class":120},[55,112119,103],{"class":69},[55,112121,1288],{"class":99},[55,112123,114],{"class":69},[142,112125,22117],{"id":22116},[20,112127,112128,100751,112130,44],{},[15,112129,108028],{},[1966,112131,100754],{},[20,112133,112134],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[155,112136,112137,112140],{},[158,112138,112139],{},"the original set",[158,112141,112142,112143],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112144,102784],{},[20,112146,230],{},[46,112148,112150],{"className":48,"code":112149,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112151,112152,112168,112184,112188,112206,112210,112223],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112153,112154,112156,112158,112160,112162,112164,112166],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112155,2715],{"class":61},[55,112157,66],{"class":65},[55,112159,10652],{"class":69},[55,112161,74],{"class":73},[55,112163,77],{"class":69},[55,112165,80],{"class":73},[55,112167,9471],{"class":69},[55,112169,112170,112172,112174,112176,112178,112180,112182],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,112171,2743],{"class":61},[55,112173,66],{"class":65},[55,112175,10652],{"class":69},[55,112177,106],{"class":73},[55,112179,77],{"class":69},[55,112181,111],{"class":73},[55,112183,9471],{"class":69},[55,112185,112186],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,112187,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,112189,112190,112192,112194,112196,112198,112200,112202,112204],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,112191,1255],{"class":61},[55,112193,66],{"class":65},[55,112195,57013],{"class":61},[55,112197,44],{"class":69},[55,112199,111254],{"class":99},[55,112201,103],{"class":69},[55,112203,285],{"class":99},[55,112205,114],{"class":69},[55,112207,112208],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,112209,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,112211,112212,112214,112216,112218,112220],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,112213,121],{"class":120},[55,112215,103],{"class":69},[55,112217,1288],{"class":99},[55,112219,3825],{"class":69},[55,112221,112222],{"class":133},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[55,112224,112225,112227,112229,112231,112233],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,112226,121],{"class":120},[55,112228,103],{"class":69},[55,112230,36],{"class":99},[55,112232,3825],{"class":69},[55,112234,112235],{"class":133},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112237,2448,112238,112240],{},[15,112239,36],{}," did not change.",[20,112242,110858],{},[155,112244,112245,112247],{},[158,112246,110863],{},[158,112248,112249],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112251,112252],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[142,112254,11634],{"id":11633},[20,112256,112257],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[46,112259,112261],{"className":48,"code":112260,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112262,112263,112296,112329,112333,112353,112357,112367],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112264,112265,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278,112280,112282,112284,112286,112288,112290,112292,112294],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112266,112267],{"class":61},"fruits1 ",[55,112269,66],{"class":65},[55,112271,10652],{"class":69},[55,112273,248],{"class":247},[55,112275,1035],{"class":251},[55,112277,248],{"class":247},[55,112279,77],{"class":69},[55,112281,258],{"class":247},[55,112283,1072],{"class":251},[55,112285,248],{"class":247},[55,112287,77],{"class":69},[55,112289,258],{"class":247},[55,112291,1044],{"class":251},[55,112293,248],{"class":247},[55,112295,9471],{"class":69},[55,112297,112298,112301,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313,112315,112317,112319,112321,112323,112325,112327],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,112299,112300],{"class":61},"fruits2 ",[55,112302,66],{"class":65},[55,112304,10652],{"class":69},[55,112306,248],{"class":247},[55,112308,1072],{"class":251},[55,112310,248],{"class":247},[55,112312,77],{"class":69},[55,112314,258],{"class":247},[55,112316,1107],{"class":251},[55,112318,248],{"class":247},[55,112320,77],{"class":69},[55,112322,258],{"class":247},[55,112324,1044],{"class":251},[55,112326,248],{"class":247},[55,112328,9471],{"class":69},[55,112330,112331],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,112332,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,112334,112335,112337,112339,112342,112344,112346,112348,112351],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,112336,1255],{"class":61},[55,112338,66],{"class":65},[55,112340,112341],{"class":61}," fruits1",[55,112343,44],{"class":69},[55,112345,111254],{"class":99},[55,112347,103],{"class":69},[55,112349,112350],{"class":99},"fruits2",[55,112352,114],{"class":69},[55,112354,112355],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,112356,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,112358,112359,112361,112363,112365],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,112360,121],{"class":120},[55,112362,103],{"class":69},[55,112364,1288],{"class":99},[55,112366,114],{"class":69},[55,112368,112369,112371,112373,112376],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,112370,121],{"class":120},[55,112372,103],{"class":69},[55,112374,112375],{"class":99},"fruits1",[55,112377,114],{"class":69},[20,112379,30174],{},[46,112381,112383],{"className":48,"code":112382,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112384,112385,112421],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112386,112387,112389,112391,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403,112405,112407,112409,112411,112413,112415,112417,112419],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112388,9440],{"class":69},[55,112390,315],{"class":247},[55,112392,1072],{"class":251},[55,112394,315],{"class":247},[55,112396,77],{"class":69},[55,112398,324],{"class":247},[55,112400,1044],{"class":251},[55,112402,315],{"class":247},[55,112404,77],{"class":69},[55,112406,324],{"class":247},[55,112408,1035],{"class":251},[55,112410,315],{"class":247},[55,112412,77],{"class":69},[55,112414,324],{"class":247},[55,112416,1107],{"class":251},[55,112418,315],{"class":247},[55,112420,9471],{"class":69},[55,112422,112423,112425,112427,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437,112439,112441,112443,112445,112447],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,112424,9440],{"class":69},[55,112426,315],{"class":247},[55,112428,1072],{"class":251},[55,112430,315],{"class":247},[55,112432,77],{"class":69},[55,112434,324],{"class":247},[55,112436,1044],{"class":251},[55,112438,315],{"class":247},[55,112440,77],{"class":69},[55,112442,324],{"class":247},[55,112444,1035],{"class":251},[55,112446,315],{"class":247},[55,112448,9471],{"class":69},[20,112450,112451],{},"What this shows:",[155,112453,112454,112461,112464],{},[158,112455,112456,352,112458,112460],{},[15,112457,65399],{},[15,112459,65825],{}," appear in both sets",[158,112462,112463],{},"they appear only once in the result",[158,112465,112466,112468],{},[15,112467,112375],{}," stays unchanged",[142,112470,8578,112472,101143],{"id":112471},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112473,102784],{},[20,112475,112476],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[46,112478,112480],{"className":48,"code":112479,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112481,112482,112498,112514,112531,112548,112552,112579,112583],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112483,112484,112486,112488,112490,112492,112494,112496],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112485,110686],{"class":61},[55,112487,66],{"class":65},[55,112489,10652],{"class":69},[55,112491,74],{"class":73},[55,112493,77],{"class":69},[55,112495,80],{"class":73},[55,112497,9471],{"class":69},[55,112499,112500,112502,112504,112506,112508,112510,112512],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,112501,110707],{"class":61},[55,112503,66],{"class":65},[55,112505,10652],{"class":69},[55,112507,106],{"class":73},[55,112509,77],{"class":69},[55,112511,111],{"class":73},[55,112513,9471],{"class":69},[55,112515,112516,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,112517,112518],{"class":61},"set3 ",[55,112520,66],{"class":65},[55,112522,10652],{"class":69},[55,112524,2223],{"class":73},[55,112526,77],{"class":69},[55,112528,85],{"class":73},[55,112530,9471],{"class":69},[55,112532,112533,112536,112538,112540,112542,112544,112546],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,112534,112535],{"class":61},"set4 ",[55,112537,66],{"class":65},[55,112539,10652],{"class":69},[55,112541,2665],{"class":73},[55,112543,77],{"class":69},[55,112545,4766],{"class":73},[55,112547,9471],{"class":69},[55,112549,112550],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,112551,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,112553,112554,112556,112558,112560,112562,112564,112566,112568,112570,112572,112574,112577],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,112555,1255],{"class":61},[55,112557,66],{"class":65},[55,112559,110736],{"class":61},[55,112561,44],{"class":69},[55,112563,111254],{"class":99},[55,112565,103],{"class":69},[55,112567,100579],{"class":99},[55,112569,77],{"class":69},[55,112571,100606],{"class":99},[55,112573,77],{"class":69},[55,112575,112576],{"class":99}," set4",[55,112578,114],{"class":69},[55,112580,112581],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,112582,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,112584,112585,112587,112589,112591],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,112586,121],{"class":120},[55,112588,103],{"class":69},[55,112590,1288],{"class":99},[55,112592,114],{"class":69},[20,112594,30174],{},[46,112596,112598],{"className":48,"code":112597,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112599,112600],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112601,112602,112604,112606,112608,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112603,9440],{"class":69},[55,112605,74],{"class":73},[55,112607,77],{"class":69},[55,112609,80],{"class":73},[55,112611,77],{"class":69},[55,112613,111],{"class":73},[55,112615,77],{"class":69},[55,112617,85],{"class":73},[55,112619,77],{"class":69},[55,112621,4766],{"class":73},[55,112623,9471],{"class":69},[20,112625,112626],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[142,112628,8578,112630,112632],{"id":112629},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112631,102784],{}," with other iterables",[20,112634,112635,112637],{},[15,112636,102784],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[577,112639,112641],{"id":112640},"with-a-list","With a list",[46,112643,112645],{"className":48,"code":112644,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112646,112647,112667,112691,112695,112713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112648,112649,112651,112653,112655,112657,112659,112661,112663,112665],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112650,62],{"class":61},[55,112652,66],{"class":65},[55,112654,10652],{"class":69},[55,112656,74],{"class":73},[55,112658,77],{"class":69},[55,112660,80],{"class":73},[55,112662,77],{"class":69},[55,112664,111],{"class":73},[55,112666,9471],{"class":69},[55,112668,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677,112679,112681,112683,112685,112687,112689],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,112670,61171],{"class":61},[55,112672,66],{"class":65},[55,112674,70],{"class":69},[55,112676,2223],{"class":73},[55,112678,77],{"class":69},[55,112680,85],{"class":73},[55,112682,77],{"class":69},[55,112684,4766],{"class":73},[55,112686,77],{"class":69},[55,112688,4766],{"class":73},[55,112690,88],{"class":69},[55,112692,112693],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,112694,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,112696,112697,112699,112701,112703,112705,112707,112709,112711],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,112698,1255],{"class":61},[55,112700,66],{"class":65},[55,112702,1260],{"class":61},[55,112704,44],{"class":69},[55,112706,111254],{"class":99},[55,112708,103],{"class":69},[55,112710,61200],{"class":99},[55,112712,114],{"class":69},[55,112714,112715,112717,112719,112721],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,112716,121],{"class":120},[55,112718,103],{"class":69},[55,112720,1288],{"class":99},[55,112722,114],{"class":69},[20,112724,30174],{},[46,112726,112727],{"className":48,"code":112597,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,112728,112729],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112730,112731,112733,112735,112737,112739,112741,112743,112745,112747,112749,112751],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112732,9440],{"class":69},[55,112734,74],{"class":73},[55,112736,77],{"class":69},[55,112738,80],{"class":73},[55,112740,77],{"class":69},[55,112742,111],{"class":73},[55,112744,77],{"class":69},[55,112746,85],{"class":73},[55,112748,77],{"class":69},[55,112750,4766],{"class":73},[55,112752,9471],{"class":69},[20,112754,21124,112755,112757],{},[15,112756,2297],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[577,112759,112761],{"id":112760},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[46,112763,112765],{"className":48,"code":112764,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112766,112767,112791,112824,112828,112847],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112768,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787,112789],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112770,240],{"class":61},[55,112772,66],{"class":65},[55,112774,10652],{"class":69},[55,112776,248],{"class":247},[55,112778,36],{"class":251},[55,112780,248],{"class":247},[55,112782,77],{"class":69},[55,112784,258],{"class":247},[55,112786,285],{"class":251},[55,112788,248],{"class":247},[55,112790,9471],{"class":69},[55,112792,112793,112796,112798,112800,112802,112804,112806,112808,112810,112812,112814,112816,112818,112820,112822],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,112794,112795],{"class":61},"more_letters ",[55,112797,66],{"class":65},[55,112799,9398],{"class":69},[55,112801,248],{"class":247},[55,112803,285],{"class":251},[55,112805,248],{"class":247},[55,112807,77],{"class":69},[55,112809,258],{"class":247},[55,112811,261],{"class":251},[55,112813,248],{"class":247},[55,112815,77],{"class":69},[55,112817,258],{"class":247},[55,112819,886],{"class":251},[55,112821,248],{"class":247},[55,112823,114],{"class":69},[55,112825,112826],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,112827,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,112829,112830,112832,112834,112836,112838,112840,112842,112845],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,112831,1255],{"class":61},[55,112833,66],{"class":65},[55,112835,70078],{"class":61},[55,112837,44],{"class":69},[55,112839,111254],{"class":99},[55,112841,103],{"class":69},[55,112843,112844],{"class":99},"more_letters",[55,112846,114],{"class":69},[55,112848,112849,112851,112853,112855],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,112850,121],{"class":120},[55,112852,103],{"class":69},[55,112854,1288],{"class":99},[55,112856,114],{"class":69},[20,112858,30174],{},[46,112860,112862],{"className":48,"code":112861,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112863,112864],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112865,112866,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112867,9440],{"class":69},[55,112869,315],{"class":247},[55,112871,36],{"class":251},[55,112873,315],{"class":247},[55,112875,77],{"class":69},[55,112877,324],{"class":247},[55,112879,285],{"class":251},[55,112881,315],{"class":247},[55,112883,77],{"class":69},[55,112885,324],{"class":247},[55,112887,261],{"class":251},[55,112889,315],{"class":247},[55,112891,77],{"class":69},[55,112893,324],{"class":247},[55,112895,886],{"class":251},[55,112897,315],{"class":247},[55,112899,9471],{"class":69},[577,112901,112903],{"id":112902},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112905,112906],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[46,112908,112910],{"className":48,"code":112909,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112911,112912,112937,112960,112964],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112913,112914,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925,112927,112929,112931,112933,112935],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112915,112916],{"class":61},"chars ",[55,112918,66],{"class":65},[55,112920,10652],{"class":69},[55,112922,248],{"class":247},[55,112924,36],{"class":251},[55,112926,248],{"class":247},[55,112928,77],{"class":69},[55,112930,258],{"class":247},[55,112932,285],{"class":251},[55,112934,248],{"class":247},[55,112936,9471],{"class":69},[55,112938,112939,112941,112943,112946,112948,112950,112952,112954,112956,112958],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,112940,1255],{"class":61},[55,112942,66],{"class":65},[55,112944,112945],{"class":61}," chars",[55,112947,44],{"class":69},[55,112949,111254],{"class":99},[55,112951,103],{"class":69},[55,112953,248],{"class":247},[55,112955,37186],{"class":251},[55,112957,248],{"class":247},[55,112959,114],{"class":69},[55,112961,112962],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,112963,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,112965,112966,112968,112970,112972],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,112967,121],{"class":120},[55,112969,103],{"class":69},[55,112971,1288],{"class":99},[55,112973,114],{"class":69},[20,112975,30174],{},[46,112977,112979],{"className":48,"code":112978,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112980,112981],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112982,112983,112985,112987,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007,113009,113011,113013,113015],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112984,9440],{"class":69},[55,112986,315],{"class":247},[55,112988,36],{"class":251},[55,112990,315],{"class":247},[55,112992,77],{"class":69},[55,112994,324],{"class":247},[55,112996,285],{"class":251},[55,112998,315],{"class":247},[55,113000,77],{"class":69},[55,113002,324],{"class":247},[55,113004,261],{"class":251},[55,113006,315],{"class":247},[55,113008,77],{"class":69},[55,113010,324],{"class":247},[55,113012,63411],{"class":251},[55,113014,315],{"class":247},[55,113016,9471],{"class":69},[20,113018,22336,113019,113022],{},[15,113020,113021],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[155,113024,113025,113029,113033],{},[158,113026,113027],{},[15,113028,355],{},[158,113030,113031],{},[15,113032,351],{},[158,113034,113035],{},[15,113036,113037],{},"\"t\"",[142,113039,113041,982,113043],{"id":113040},"union-vs-update",[15,113042,102784],{},[15,113044,15103],{},[20,113046,113047,352,113049,113051],{},[15,113048,102784],{},[15,113050,15103],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[577,113053,113054],{"id":111254},[15,113055,102784],{},[155,113057,113058,113060],{},[158,113059,110616],{},[158,113061,110625],{},[46,113063,113064],{"className":48,"code":112149,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,113065,113066,113082,113098,113102,113120,113124,113136],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113067,113068,113070,113072,113074,113076,113078,113080],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113069,2715],{"class":61},[55,113071,66],{"class":65},[55,113073,10652],{"class":69},[55,113075,74],{"class":73},[55,113077,77],{"class":69},[55,113079,80],{"class":73},[55,113081,9471],{"class":69},[55,113083,113084,113086,113088,113090,113092,113094,113096],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,113085,2743],{"class":61},[55,113087,66],{"class":65},[55,113089,10652],{"class":69},[55,113091,106],{"class":73},[55,113093,77],{"class":69},[55,113095,111],{"class":73},[55,113097,9471],{"class":69},[55,113099,113100],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,113101,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,113103,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114,113116,113118],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,113105,1255],{"class":61},[55,113107,66],{"class":65},[55,113109,57013],{"class":61},[55,113111,44],{"class":69},[55,113113,111254],{"class":99},[55,113115,103],{"class":69},[55,113117,285],{"class":99},[55,113119,114],{"class":69},[55,113121,113122],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,113123,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,113125,113126,113128,113130,113132,113134],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,113127,121],{"class":120},[55,113129,103],{"class":69},[55,113131,1288],{"class":99},[55,113133,3825],{"class":69},[55,113135,112222],{"class":133},[55,113137,113138,113140,113142,113144,113146],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,113139,121],{"class":120},[55,113141,103],{"class":69},[55,113143,36],{"class":99},[55,113145,3825],{"class":69},[55,113147,112235],{"class":133},[577,113149,113150],{"id":30608},[15,113151,15103],{},[155,113153,113154,113157],{},[158,113155,113156],{},"changes the existing set in place",[158,113158,113159],{},"does not create a separate result set",[46,113161,113163],{"className":48,"code":113162,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113164,113165,113181,113197,113201,113215,113219],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113166,113167,113169,113171,113173,113175,113177,113179],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113168,2715],{"class":61},[55,113170,66],{"class":65},[55,113172,10652],{"class":69},[55,113174,74],{"class":73},[55,113176,77],{"class":69},[55,113178,80],{"class":73},[55,113180,9471],{"class":69},[55,113182,113183,113185,113187,113189,113191,113193,113195],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,113184,2743],{"class":61},[55,113186,66],{"class":65},[55,113188,10652],{"class":69},[55,113190,106],{"class":73},[55,113192,77],{"class":69},[55,113194,111],{"class":73},[55,113196,9471],{"class":69},[55,113198,113199],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,113200,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,113202,113203,113205,113207,113209,113211,113213],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,113204,36],{"class":61},[55,113206,44],{"class":69},[55,113208,30608],{"class":99},[55,113210,103],{"class":69},[55,113212,285],{"class":99},[55,113214,114],{"class":69},[55,113216,113217],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,113218,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,113220,113221,113223,113225,113227,113229],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,113222,121],{"class":120},[55,113224,103],{"class":69},[55,113226,36],{"class":99},[55,113228,3825],{"class":69},[55,113230,112222],{"class":133},[20,113232,31,113233,113235],{},[15,113234,102784],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113237,113238,113239,44],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[36,113240,3740,113241,43],{"href":98504},[15,113242,97299],{},[142,113244,1211],{"id":1210},[577,113246,1553,113248,113250],{"id":113247},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113249,102784],{}," to change the original set",[20,113252,81809],{},[46,113254,113256],{"className":48,"code":113255,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113257,113258,113274,113290,113294,113308],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113259,113260,113262,113264,113266,113268,113270,113272],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113261,2715],{"class":61},[55,113263,66],{"class":65},[55,113265,10652],{"class":69},[55,113267,74],{"class":73},[55,113269,77],{"class":69},[55,113271,80],{"class":73},[55,113273,9471],{"class":69},[55,113275,113276,113278,113280,113282,113284,113286,113288],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,113277,2743],{"class":61},[55,113279,66],{"class":65},[55,113281,10652],{"class":69},[55,113283,106],{"class":73},[55,113285,77],{"class":69},[55,113287,111],{"class":73},[55,113289,9471],{"class":69},[55,113291,113292],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,113293,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,113295,113296,113298,113300,113302,113304,113306],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,113297,36],{"class":61},[55,113299,44],{"class":69},[55,113301,111254],{"class":99},[55,113303,103],{"class":69},[55,113305,285],{"class":99},[55,113307,114],{"class":69},[55,113309,113310,113312,113314,113316],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,113311,121],{"class":120},[55,113313,103],{"class":69},[55,113315,36],{"class":99},[55,113317,114],{"class":69},[20,113319,302],{},[46,113321,113322],{"className":48,"code":100492,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,113323,113324],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113325,113326,113328,113330,113332,113334],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113327,9440],{"class":69},[55,113329,74],{"class":73},[55,113331,77],{"class":69},[55,113333,80],{"class":73},[55,113335,9471],{"class":69},[20,113337,8656,113338,113340],{},[15,113339,102784],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113342,113343],{},"Fix it like this:",[46,113345,113347],{"className":48,"code":113346,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113348,113349,113365,113381,113385,113403],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113350,113351,113353,113355,113357,113359,113361,113363],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113352,2715],{"class":61},[55,113354,66],{"class":65},[55,113356,10652],{"class":69},[55,113358,74],{"class":73},[55,113360,77],{"class":69},[55,113362,80],{"class":73},[55,113364,9471],{"class":69},[55,113366,113367,113369,113371,113373,113375,113377,113379],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,113368,2743],{"class":61},[55,113370,66],{"class":65},[55,113372,10652],{"class":69},[55,113374,106],{"class":73},[55,113376,77],{"class":69},[55,113378,111],{"class":73},[55,113380,9471],{"class":69},[55,113382,113383],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,113384,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,113386,113387,113389,113391,113393,113395,113397,113399,113401],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,113388,2715],{"class":61},[55,113390,66],{"class":65},[55,113392,57013],{"class":61},[55,113394,44],{"class":69},[55,113396,111254],{"class":99},[55,113398,103],{"class":69},[55,113400,285],{"class":99},[55,113402,114],{"class":69},[55,113404,113405,113407,113409,113411],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,113406,121],{"class":120},[55,113408,103],{"class":69},[55,113410,36],{"class":99},[55,113412,114],{"class":69},[577,113414,113416],{"id":113415},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113418,113419],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[46,113421,113423],{"className":48,"code":113422,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113424,113425,113441,113457,113461],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113426,113427,113429,113431,113433,113435,113437,113439],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113428,2715],{"class":61},[55,113430,66],{"class":65},[55,113432,10652],{"class":69},[55,113434,2223],{"class":73},[55,113436,77],{"class":69},[55,113438,630],{"class":73},[55,113440,9471],{"class":69},[55,113442,113443,113445,113447,113449,113451,113453,113455],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,113444,2743],{"class":61},[55,113446,66],{"class":65},[55,113448,10652],{"class":69},[55,113450,106],{"class":73},[55,113452,77],{"class":69},[55,113454,85],{"class":73},[55,113456,9471],{"class":69},[55,113458,113459],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,113460,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,113462,113463,113465,113467,113469,113471,113473,113475,113477],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,113464,121],{"class":120},[55,113466,103],{"class":69},[55,113468,36],{"class":99},[55,113470,44],{"class":69},[55,113472,111254],{"class":99},[55,113474,103],{"class":69},[55,113476,285],{"class":99},[55,113478,1867],{"class":69},[20,113480,113481],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[577,113483,113485],{"id":113484},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[46,113487,113489],{"className":48,"code":113488,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113490,113491,113507,113529],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113492,113493,113495,113497,113499,113501,113503,113505],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113494,4234],{"class":61},[55,113496,66],{"class":65},[55,113498,10652],{"class":69},[55,113500,248],{"class":247},[55,113502,58250],{"class":251},[55,113504,248],{"class":247},[55,113506,9471],{"class":69},[55,113508,113509,113511,113513,113515,113517,113519,113521,113523,113525,113527],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,113510,1255],{"class":61},[55,113512,66],{"class":65},[55,113514,6326],{"class":61},[55,113516,44],{"class":69},[55,113518,111254],{"class":99},[55,113520,103],{"class":69},[55,113522,248],{"class":247},[55,113524,37186],{"class":251},[55,113526,248],{"class":247},[55,113528,114],{"class":69},[55,113530,113531,113533,113535,113537],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,113532,121],{"class":120},[55,113534,103],{"class":69},[55,113536,1288],{"class":99},[55,113538,114],{"class":69},[20,113540,113541,113542,2352,113544,17222,113546,113548,113549,113551],{},"This adds ",[15,113543,355],{},[15,113545,351],{},[15,113547,113037],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113550,113021],{}," as one item.",[20,113553,113554],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[46,113556,113558],{"className":48,"code":113557,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113559,113560,113576,113598],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113561,113562,113564,113566,113568,113570,113572,113574],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113563,4234],{"class":61},[55,113565,66],{"class":65},[55,113567,10652],{"class":69},[55,113569,248],{"class":247},[55,113571,58250],{"class":251},[55,113573,248],{"class":247},[55,113575,9471],{"class":69},[55,113577,113578,113580,113582,113584,113586,113588,113590,113592,113594,113596],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,113579,1255],{"class":61},[55,113581,66],{"class":65},[55,113583,6326],{"class":61},[55,113585,44],{"class":69},[55,113587,111254],{"class":99},[55,113589,3149],{"class":69},[55,113591,248],{"class":247},[55,113593,37186],{"class":251},[55,113595,248],{"class":247},[55,113597,1777],{"class":69},[55,113599,113600,113602,113604,113606],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,113601,121],{"class":120},[55,113603,103],{"class":69},[55,113605,1288],{"class":99},[55,113607,114],{"class":69},[577,113609,113611],{"id":113610},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113613,2999],{},[46,113615,113617],{"className":48,"code":113616,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113618,113619],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113620,113621,113623,113625,113627,113629,113631,113633,113635,113637,113639,113641,113643],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113622,15778],{"class":61},[55,113624,66],{"class":65},[55,113626,10652],{"class":69},[55,113628,74],{"class":73},[55,113630,77],{"class":69},[55,113632,80],{"class":73},[55,113634,77],{"class":69},[55,113636,70],{"class":69},[55,113638,2223],{"class":73},[55,113640,77],{"class":69},[55,113642,85],{"class":73},[55,113644,13856],{"class":69},[20,113646,113647],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113649,113650,113651,153],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113652,102784],{},[46,113654,113656],{"className":48,"code":113655,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113657,113658,113674,113696],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113659,113660,113662,113664,113666,113668,113670,113672],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113661,15778],{"class":61},[55,113663,66],{"class":65},[55,113665,10652],{"class":69},[55,113667,74],{"class":73},[55,113669,77],{"class":69},[55,113671,80],{"class":73},[55,113673,9471],{"class":69},[55,113675,113676,113678,113680,113682,113684,113686,113688,113690,113692,113694],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,113677,1255],{"class":61},[55,113679,66],{"class":65},[55,113681,96909],{"class":61},[55,113683,44],{"class":69},[55,113685,111254],{"class":99},[55,113687,3149],{"class":69},[55,113689,2223],{"class":73},[55,113691,77],{"class":69},[55,113693,85],{"class":73},[55,113695,1777],{"class":69},[55,113697,113698,113700,113702,113704],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,113699,121],{"class":120},[55,113701,103],{"class":69},[55,113703,1288],{"class":99},[55,113705,114],{"class":69},[142,113707,113709],{"id":113708},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113711,113712],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[155,113714,113715,113721,113728,113731],{},[158,113716,113717,113718,113720],{},"call ",[15,113719,102784],{}," without saving the returned set",[158,113722,113723,113724,8866,113726],{},"confuse ",[15,113725,102784],{},[15,113727,15103],{},[158,113729,113730],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[158,113732,113733],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113735,113736,113737,352,113741,44],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[36,113738,3740,113739,43],{"href":102773},[15,113740,106558],{},[36,113742,3740,113744,43],{"href":113743},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113745,100404],{},[20,113747,62419],{},[46,113749,113751],{"className":48,"code":113750,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113752,113753,113763,113777,113787],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113754,113755,113757,113759,113761],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113756,121],{"class":120},[55,113758,103],{"class":69},[55,113760,15816],{"class":99},[55,113762,114],{"class":69},[55,113764,113765,113767,113769,113771,113773,113775],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,113766,121],{"class":120},[55,113768,103],{"class":69},[55,113770,1910],{"class":1898},[55,113772,103],{"class":69},[55,113774,15816],{"class":99},[55,113776,1867],{"class":69},[55,113778,113779,113781,113783,113785],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,113780,121],{"class":120},[55,113782,103],{"class":69},[55,113784,1288],{"class":99},[55,113786,114],{"class":69},[55,113788,113789,113791,113793,113795,113797,113799],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,113790,1893],{"class":120},[55,113792,103],{"class":69},[55,113794,6445],{"class":1898},[55,113796,44],{"class":69},[55,113798,111254],{"class":1880},[55,113800,114],{"class":69},[142,113802,1986],{"id":1985},[577,113804,1990,113806,102724],{"id":113805},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113807,108028],{},[20,113809,102727],{},[577,113811,2009,113813,113815],{"id":113812},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113814,102784],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113817,113818],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[577,113820,28473,113822,113824],{"id":113821},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113823,102784],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113826,42294,113827,113829],{},[15,113828,102784],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[577,113831,113833],{"id":113832},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113835,113836],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[577,113838,2022,113840,352,113842,2027],{"id":113839},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113841,102784],{},[15,113843,113844],{},"|",[20,113846,113847,113848,113850,113851,113853],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113849,113844],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113852,102784],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[142,113855,2039],{"id":2038},[155,113857,113858,113862,113868,113874,113880],{},[158,113859,113860],{},[36,113861,96313],{"href":97484},[158,113863,113864],{},[36,113865,3740,113866,43],{"href":98504},[15,113867,97299],{},[158,113869,113870],{},[36,113871,3740,113872,43],{"href":102773},[15,113873,106558],{},[158,113875,113876],{},[36,113877,3740,113878,43],{"href":113743},[15,113879,100404],{},[158,113881,113882],{},[36,113883,100329],{"href":99062},[2080,113885,113886],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":113888},[113889,113890,113892,113893,113894,113895,113897,113903,113908,113915,113916,113927],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":111984,"depth":91,"text":113891},"What set.union() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":22116,"depth":91,"text":22117},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":112471,"depth":91,"text":113896},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112629,"depth":91,"text":113898,"children":113899},"Using union() with other iterables",[113900,113901,113902],{"id":112640,"depth":117,"text":112641},{"id":112760,"depth":117,"text":112761},{"id":112902,"depth":117,"text":112903},{"id":113040,"depth":91,"text":113904,"children":113905},"union() vs update()",[113906,113907],{"id":111254,"depth":117,"text":102784},{"id":30608,"depth":117,"text":15103},{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":113909},[113910,113912,113913,113914],{"id":113247,"depth":117,"text":113911},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113415,"depth":117,"text":113416},{"id":113484,"depth":117,"text":113485},{"id":113610,"depth":117,"text":113611},{"id":113708,"depth":91,"text":113709},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":113917},[113918,113920,113922,113924,113925],{"id":113805,"depth":117,"text":113919},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113812,"depth":117,"text":113921},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113821,"depth":117,"text":113923},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113832,"depth":117,"text":113833},{"id":113839,"depth":117,"text":113926},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111864,"description":113928},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113934,"title":113935,"body":113936,"description":115825,"extension":2124,"meta":115826,"navigation":428,"path":96798,"seo":115827,"stem":115828,"__hash__":115829},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113937,"toc":115791},[113938,113943,113948,113956,113958,114016,114021,114026,114030,114042,114045,114119,114124,114126,114128,114147,114149,114166,114169,114196,114198,114268,114272,114274,114280,114282,114343,114348,114350,114407,114411,114416,114481,114483,114503,114510,114514,114519,114604,114607,114614,114717,114721,114726,114784,114787,114798,114812,114819,114877,114884,114887,114897,114901,114959,114963,115029,115032,115090,115097,115104,115107,115111,115120,115189,115193,115199,115287,115297,115301,115305,115309,115312,115373,115378,115435,115439,115441,115476,115483,115485,115539,115546,115550,115553,115618,115627,115633,115690,115692,115697,115701,115705,115708,115715,115723,115727,115732,115736,115742,115744,115779,115788],[10,113939,96185,113941,18],{"id":113940},"python-set-update-method",[15,113942,15103],{},[20,113944,113945,113947],{},[15,113946,97299],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113949,113950,113951,113955],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[36,113952,113953],{"href":98485},[15,113954,96193],{},", which adds only one item.",[142,113957,3774],{"id":3773},[46,113959,113961],{"className":48,"code":113960,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113962,113963,113979,114001,114011],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113964,113965,113967,113969,113971,113973,113975,113977],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113966,62],{"class":61},[55,113968,66],{"class":65},[55,113970,10652],{"class":69},[55,113972,74],{"class":73},[55,113974,77],{"class":69},[55,113976,80],{"class":73},[55,113978,9471],{"class":69},[55,113980,113981,113983,113985,113987,113989,113991,113993,113995,113997,113999],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,113982,94],{"class":61},[55,113984,44],{"class":69},[55,113986,30608],{"class":99},[55,113988,3149],{"class":69},[55,113990,106],{"class":73},[55,113992,77],{"class":69},[55,113994,111],{"class":73},[55,113996,77],{"class":69},[55,113998,85],{"class":73},[55,114000,1777],{"class":69},[55,114002,114003,114005,114007,114009],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,114004,121],{"class":120},[55,114006,103],{"class":69},[55,114008,94],{"class":99},[55,114010,114],{"class":69},[55,114012,114013],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,114014,114015],{"class":133},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114017,31,114018,114020],{},[15,114019,15103],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[142,114022,145,114024,148],{"id":114023},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114025,97299],{},[20,114027,114028,153],{},[15,114029,97299],{},[155,114031,114032,114035,114037,114040],{},[158,114033,114034],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[158,114036,96300],{},[158,114038,114039],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[158,114041,96303],{},[20,114043,114044],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[46,114046,114048],{"className":48,"code":114047,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114049,114050,114074,114100,114104,114114],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114051,114052,114054,114056,114058,114060,114062,114064,114066,114068,114070,114072],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114053,372],{"class":61},[55,114055,66],{"class":65},[55,114057,10652],{"class":69},[55,114059,248],{"class":247},[55,114061,381],{"class":251},[55,114063,248],{"class":247},[55,114065,77],{"class":69},[55,114067,258],{"class":247},[55,114069,390],{"class":251},[55,114071,248],{"class":247},[55,114073,9471],{"class":69},[55,114075,114076,114078,114080,114082,114084,114086,114088,114090,114092,114094,114096,114098],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,114077,434],{"class":61},[55,114079,44],{"class":69},[55,114081,30608],{"class":99},[55,114083,3149],{"class":69},[55,114085,248],{"class":247},[55,114087,390],{"class":251},[55,114089,248],{"class":247},[55,114091,77],{"class":69},[55,114093,258],{"class":247},[55,114095,399],{"class":251},[55,114097,248],{"class":247},[55,114099,1777],{"class":69},[55,114101,114102],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,114103,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,114105,114106,114108,114110,114112],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,114107,121],{"class":120},[55,114109,103],{"class":69},[55,114111,434],{"class":99},[55,114113,114],{"class":69},[55,114115,114116],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,114117,114118],{"class":133},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114120,21124,114121,114123],{},[15,114122,111019],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[142,114125,2319],{"id":2318},[20,114127,7378],{},[46,114129,114131],{"className":48,"code":114130,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114132,114133],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114134,114135,114137,114139,114141,114143,114145],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114136,15816],{"class":61},[55,114138,44],{"class":69},[55,114140,30608],{"class":99},[55,114142,103],{"class":69},[55,114144,3884],{"class":99},[55,114146,114],{"class":69},[20,114148,80185],{},[155,114150,114151,114154,114157,114160,114163],{},[158,114152,114153],{},"A list",[158,114155,114156],{},"A tuple",[158,114158,114159],{},"Another set",[158,114161,114162],{},"A string",[158,114164,114165],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114167,114168],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[46,114170,114172],{"className":48,"code":114171,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114173,114174],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114175,114176,114178,114180,114182,114184,114186,114188,114190,114192,114194],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114177,15816],{"class":61},[55,114179,44],{"class":69},[55,114181,30608],{"class":99},[55,114183,103],{"class":69},[55,114185,36],{"class":99},[55,114187,77],{"class":69},[55,114189,2720],{"class":99},[55,114191,77],{"class":69},[55,114193,9844],{"class":99},[55,114195,114],{"class":69},[20,114197,230],{},[46,114199,114201],{"className":48,"code":114200,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114202,114203,114215,114249,114253,114263],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114204,114205,114207,114209,114211,114213],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114206,3986],{"class":61},[55,114208,66],{"class":65},[55,114210,10652],{"class":69},[55,114212,74],{"class":73},[55,114214,9471],{"class":69},[55,114216,114217,114219,114221,114223,114225,114227,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237,114239,114241,114243,114245,114247],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,114218,5519],{"class":61},[55,114220,44],{"class":69},[55,114222,30608],{"class":99},[55,114224,3149],{"class":69},[55,114226,106],{"class":73},[55,114228,77],{"class":69},[55,114230,111],{"class":73},[55,114232,1813],{"class":69},[55,114234,9398],{"class":69},[55,114236,2665],{"class":73},[55,114238,77],{"class":69},[55,114240,4766],{"class":73},[55,114242,9395],{"class":69},[55,114244,10652],{"class":69},[55,114246,80576],{"class":73},[55,114248,30640],{"class":69},[55,114250,114251],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,114252,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,114254,114255,114257,114259,114261],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,114256,121],{"class":120},[55,114258,103],{"class":69},[55,114260,5519],{"class":99},[55,114262,114],{"class":69},[55,114264,114265],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,114266,114267],{"class":133},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114269,96309,114270,44],{},[36,114271,96317],{"href":97868},[142,114273,22117],{"id":22116},[20,114275,114276,2558,114278,44],{},[15,114277,97299],{},[15,114279,172],{},[20,114281,11871],{},[46,114283,114285],{"className":48,"code":114284,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114286,114287,114303,114325,114329,114339],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114288,114289,114291,114293,114295,114297,114299,114301],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114290,62],{"class":61},[55,114292,66],{"class":65},[55,114294,10652],{"class":69},[55,114296,74],{"class":73},[55,114298,77],{"class":69},[55,114300,80],{"class":73},[55,114302,9471],{"class":69},[55,114304,114305,114307,114309,114311,114313,114315,114317,114319,114321,114323],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,114306,1255],{"class":61},[55,114308,66],{"class":65},[55,114310,1260],{"class":61},[55,114312,44],{"class":69},[55,114314,30608],{"class":99},[55,114316,3149],{"class":69},[55,114318,2223],{"class":73},[55,114320,77],{"class":69},[55,114322,85],{"class":73},[55,114324,1777],{"class":69},[55,114326,114327],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,114328,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,114330,114331,114333,114335,114337],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,114332,121],{"class":120},[55,114334,103],{"class":69},[55,114336,1288],{"class":99},[55,114338,114],{"class":69},[55,114340,114341],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,114342,61955],{"class":133},[20,114344,114345,114346,44],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114347,1288],{},[20,114349,19115],{},[46,114351,114353],{"className":48,"code":114352,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114354,114355,114371,114389,114393,114403],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114356,114357,114359,114361,114363,114365,114367,114369],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114358,62],{"class":61},[55,114360,66],{"class":65},[55,114362,10652],{"class":69},[55,114364,74],{"class":73},[55,114366,77],{"class":69},[55,114368,80],{"class":73},[55,114370,9471],{"class":69},[55,114372,114373,114375,114377,114379,114381,114383,114385,114387],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,114374,94],{"class":61},[55,114376,44],{"class":69},[55,114378,30608],{"class":99},[55,114380,3149],{"class":69},[55,114382,2223],{"class":73},[55,114384,77],{"class":69},[55,114386,85],{"class":73},[55,114388,1777],{"class":69},[55,114390,114391],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,114392,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,114394,114395,114397,114399,114401],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,114396,121],{"class":120},[55,114398,103],{"class":69},[55,114400,94],{"class":99},[55,114402,114],{"class":69},[55,114404,114405],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,114406,114015],{"class":133},[142,114408,114410],{"id":114409},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114412,114413,114414,44],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114415,15103],{},[46,114417,114419],{"className":48,"code":114418,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114420,114421,114437,114463,114467,114477],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114422,114423,114425,114427,114429,114431,114433,114435],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114424,62],{"class":61},[55,114426,66],{"class":65},[55,114428,10652],{"class":69},[55,114430,74],{"class":73},[55,114432,77],{"class":69},[55,114434,80],{"class":73},[55,114436,9471],{"class":69},[55,114438,114439,114441,114443,114445,114447,114449,114451,114453,114455,114457,114459,114461],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,114440,94],{"class":61},[55,114442,44],{"class":69},[55,114444,30608],{"class":99},[55,114446,3149],{"class":69},[55,114448,106],{"class":73},[55,114450,77],{"class":69},[55,114452,111],{"class":73},[55,114454,77],{"class":69},[55,114456,85],{"class":73},[55,114458,77],{"class":69},[55,114460,85],{"class":73},[55,114462,1777],{"class":69},[55,114464,114465],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,114466,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,114468,114469,114471,114473,114475],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,114470,121],{"class":120},[55,114472,103],{"class":69},[55,114474,94],{"class":99},[55,114476,114],{"class":69},[55,114478,114479],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,114480,114015],{"class":133},[20,114482,11840],{},[155,114484,114485,114490,114497],{},[158,114486,114487,114489],{},[15,114488,106],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[158,114491,114492,352,114494,114496],{},[15,114493,2223],{},[15,114495,2665],{}," are added",[158,114498,114499,114500,114502],{},"The second ",[15,114501,2665],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114504,114505,114506,114509],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[36,114507,114508],{"href":99062},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[142,114511,114513],{"id":114512},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114515,7924,114516,114518],{},[15,114517,15103],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[46,114520,114522],{"className":48,"code":114521,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114523,114524,114545,114566,114570,114586,114590,114600],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114525,114526,114529,114531,114533,114535,114537,114539,114541,114543],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114527,114528],{"class":61},"set_a ",[55,114530,66],{"class":65},[55,114532,10652],{"class":69},[55,114534,74],{"class":73},[55,114536,77],{"class":69},[55,114538,80],{"class":73},[55,114540,77],{"class":69},[55,114542,111],{"class":73},[55,114544,9471],{"class":69},[55,114546,114547,114550,114552,114554,114556,114558,114560,114562,114564],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,114548,114549],{"class":61},"set_b ",[55,114551,66],{"class":65},[55,114553,10652],{"class":69},[55,114555,2223],{"class":73},[55,114557,77],{"class":69},[55,114559,85],{"class":73},[55,114561,77],{"class":69},[55,114563,4766],{"class":73},[55,114565,9471],{"class":69},[55,114567,114568],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,114569,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,114571,114572,114575,114577,114579,114581,114584],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,114573,114574],{"class":61},"set_a",[55,114576,44],{"class":69},[55,114578,30608],{"class":99},[55,114580,103],{"class":69},[55,114582,114583],{"class":99},"set_b",[55,114585,114],{"class":69},[55,114587,114588],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,114589,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,114591,114592,114594,114596,114598],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,114593,121],{"class":120},[55,114595,103],{"class":69},[55,114597,114574],{"class":99},[55,114599,114],{"class":69},[55,114601,114602],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,114603,111976],{"class":133},[20,114605,114606],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114608,114609,114610,44],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[36,114611,114612],{"href":102781},[15,114613,108028],{},[46,114615,114617],{"className":48,"code":114616,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114618,114619,114639,114659,114663,114683,114687,114698,114702,114712],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114620,114621,114623,114625,114627,114629,114631,114633,114635,114637],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114622,114528],{"class":61},[55,114624,66],{"class":65},[55,114626,10652],{"class":69},[55,114628,74],{"class":73},[55,114630,77],{"class":69},[55,114632,80],{"class":73},[55,114634,77],{"class":69},[55,114636,111],{"class":73},[55,114638,9471],{"class":69},[55,114640,114641,114643,114645,114647,114649,114651,114653,114655,114657],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,114642,114549],{"class":61},[55,114644,66],{"class":65},[55,114646,10652],{"class":69},[55,114648,2223],{"class":73},[55,114650,77],{"class":69},[55,114652,85],{"class":73},[55,114654,77],{"class":69},[55,114656,4766],{"class":73},[55,114658,9471],{"class":69},[55,114660,114661],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,114662,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,114664,114665,114668,114670,114673,114675,114677,114679,114681],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,114666,114667],{"class":61},"combined ",[55,114669,66],{"class":65},[55,114671,114672],{"class":61}," set_a",[55,114674,44],{"class":69},[55,114676,111254],{"class":99},[55,114678,103],{"class":69},[55,114680,114583],{"class":99},[55,114682,114],{"class":69},[55,114684,114685],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,114686,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,114688,114689,114691,114693,114696],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,114690,121],{"class":120},[55,114692,103],{"class":69},[55,114694,114695],{"class":99},"combined",[55,114697,114],{"class":69},[55,114699,114700],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,114701,111976],{"class":133},[55,114703,114704,114706,114708,114710],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,114705,121],{"class":120},[55,114707,103],{"class":69},[55,114709,114574],{"class":99},[55,114711,114],{"class":69},[55,114713,114714],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,114715,114716],{"class":133},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[142,114718,114720],{"id":114719},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114722,64864,114723,114725],{},[15,114724,15103],{}," adds each character separately.",[46,114727,114729],{"className":48,"code":114728,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114730,114731,114747,114765,114769,114779],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114732,114733,114735,114737,114739,114741,114743,114745],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114734,240],{"class":61},[55,114736,66],{"class":65},[55,114738,10652],{"class":69},[55,114740,248],{"class":247},[55,114742,2336],{"class":251},[55,114744,248],{"class":247},[55,114746,9471],{"class":69},[55,114748,114749,114751,114753,114755,114757,114759,114761,114763],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,114750,270],{"class":61},[55,114752,44],{"class":69},[55,114754,30608],{"class":99},[55,114756,103],{"class":69},[55,114758,248],{"class":247},[55,114760,37186],{"class":251},[55,114762,248],{"class":247},[55,114764,114],{"class":69},[55,114766,114767],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,114768,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,114770,114771,114773,114775,114777],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,114772,121],{"class":120},[55,114774,103],{"class":69},[55,114776,270],{"class":99},[55,114778,114],{"class":69},[55,114780,114781],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,114782,114783],{"class":133},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114785,114786],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114788,114789,14204,114792,114794,114795,114797],{},[15,114790,114791],{},"update(\"cat\")",[1966,114793,1968],{}," add ",[15,114796,113021],{}," as one item. It adds:",[155,114799,114800,114804,114808],{},[158,114801,114802],{},[15,114803,355],{},[158,114805,114806],{},[15,114807,351],{},[158,114809,114810],{},[15,114811,113037],{},[20,114813,114814,114815,153],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[36,114816,114817],{"href":98485},[15,114818,96193],{},[46,114820,114822],{"className":48,"code":114821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114823,114824,114840,114858,114862,114872],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114825,114826,114828,114830,114832,114834,114836,114838],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114827,4234],{"class":61},[55,114829,66],{"class":65},[55,114831,10652],{"class":69},[55,114833,248],{"class":247},[55,114835,58250],{"class":251},[55,114837,248],{"class":247},[55,114839,9471],{"class":69},[55,114841,114842,114844,114846,114848,114850,114852,114854,114856],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,114843,4276],{"class":61},[55,114845,44],{"class":69},[55,114847,82088],{"class":99},[55,114849,103],{"class":69},[55,114851,248],{"class":247},[55,114853,37186],{"class":251},[55,114855,248],{"class":247},[55,114857,114],{"class":69},[55,114859,114860],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,114861,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,114863,114864,114866,114868,114870],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,114865,121],{"class":120},[55,114867,103],{"class":69},[55,114869,4276],{"class":99},[55,114871,114],{"class":69},[55,114873,114874],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,114875,114876],{"class":133},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[142,114878,114880,982,114882],{"id":114879},"update-vs-add",[15,114881,15103],{},[15,114883,96188],{},[20,114885,114886],{},"The difference is simple:",[155,114888,114889,114893],{},[158,114890,114891,96787],{},[15,114892,96188],{},[158,114894,114895,96792],{},[15,114896,15103],{},[20,114898,46183,114899,153],{},[15,114900,96188],{},[46,114902,114904],{"className":48,"code":114903,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114905,114906,114922,114940,114944,114954],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114907,114908,114910,114912,114914,114916,114918,114920],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114909,36378],{"class":61},[55,114911,66],{"class":65},[55,114913,10652],{"class":69},[55,114915,248],{"class":247},[55,114917,1035],{"class":251},[55,114919,248],{"class":247},[55,114921,9471],{"class":69},[55,114923,114924,114926,114928,114930,114932,114934,114936,114938],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,114925,36430],{"class":61},[55,114927,44],{"class":69},[55,114929,82088],{"class":99},[55,114931,103],{"class":69},[55,114933,248],{"class":247},[55,114935,1072],{"class":251},[55,114937,248],{"class":247},[55,114939,114],{"class":69},[55,114941,114942],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,114943,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,114945,114946,114948,114950,114952],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,114947,121],{"class":120},[55,114949,103],{"class":69},[55,114951,36430],{"class":99},[55,114953,114],{"class":69},[55,114955,114956],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,114957,114958],{"class":133},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114960,46183,114961,153],{},[15,114962,15103],{},[46,114964,114966],{"className":48,"code":114965,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114967,114968,114984,115010,115014,115024],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114969,114970,114972,114974,114976,114978,114980,114982],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114971,36378],{"class":61},[55,114973,66],{"class":65},[55,114975,10652],{"class":69},[55,114977,248],{"class":247},[55,114979,1035],{"class":251},[55,114981,248],{"class":247},[55,114983,9471],{"class":69},[55,114985,114986,114988,114990,114992,114994,114996,114998,115000,115002,115004,115006,115008],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,114987,36430],{"class":61},[55,114989,44],{"class":69},[55,114991,30608],{"class":99},[55,114993,3149],{"class":69},[55,114995,248],{"class":247},[55,114997,1072],{"class":251},[55,114999,248],{"class":247},[55,115001,77],{"class":69},[55,115003,258],{"class":247},[55,115005,1044],{"class":251},[55,115007,248],{"class":247},[55,115009,1777],{"class":69},[55,115011,115012],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,115013,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,115015,115016,115018,115020,115022],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,115017,121],{"class":120},[55,115019,103],{"class":69},[55,115021,36430],{"class":99},[55,115023,114],{"class":69},[55,115025,115026],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,115027,115028],{"class":133},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115030,115031],{},"Important warning with strings:",[46,115033,115035],{"className":48,"code":115034,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115036,115037,115053,115071,115075,115085],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115038,115039,115041,115043,115045,115047,115049,115051],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115040,36378],{"class":61},[55,115042,66],{"class":65},[55,115044,10652],{"class":69},[55,115046,248],{"class":247},[55,115048,1035],{"class":251},[55,115050,248],{"class":247},[55,115052,9471],{"class":69},[55,115054,115055,115057,115059,115061,115063,115065,115067,115069],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,115056,36430],{"class":61},[55,115058,44],{"class":69},[55,115060,30608],{"class":99},[55,115062,103],{"class":69},[55,115064,248],{"class":247},[55,115066,38481],{"class":251},[55,115068,248],{"class":247},[55,115070,114],{"class":69},[55,115072,115073],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,115074,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,115076,115077,115079,115081,115083],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,115078,121],{"class":120},[55,115080,103],{"class":69},[55,115082,36430],{"class":99},[55,115084,114],{"class":69},[55,115086,115087],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,115088,115089],{"class":133},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115091,62230,115092,62303,115095,6790],{},[15,115093,115094],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115096,96188],{},[142,115098,115100,982,115102],{"id":115099},"update-vs-union",[15,115101,15103],{},[15,115103,102784],{},[20,115105,115106],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[577,115108,115109],{"id":30608},[15,115110,15103],{},[155,115112,115113,115116],{},[158,115114,115115],{},"Changes the existing set",[158,115117,169,115118],{},[15,115119,172],{},[46,115121,115123],{"className":48,"code":115122,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115124,115125,115141,115157,115161,115175,115185],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115126,115127,115129,115131,115133,115135,115137,115139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115128,2715],{"class":61},[55,115130,66],{"class":65},[55,115132,10652],{"class":69},[55,115134,74],{"class":73},[55,115136,77],{"class":69},[55,115138,80],{"class":73},[55,115140,9471],{"class":69},[55,115142,115143,115145,115147,115149,115151,115153,115155],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,115144,2743],{"class":61},[55,115146,66],{"class":65},[55,115148,10652],{"class":69},[55,115150,106],{"class":73},[55,115152,77],{"class":69},[55,115154,111],{"class":73},[55,115156,9471],{"class":69},[55,115158,115159],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,115160,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,115162,115163,115165,115167,115169,115171,115173],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,115164,36],{"class":61},[55,115166,44],{"class":69},[55,115168,30608],{"class":99},[55,115170,103],{"class":69},[55,115172,285],{"class":99},[55,115174,114],{"class":69},[55,115176,115177,115179,115181,115183],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,115178,121],{"class":120},[55,115180,103],{"class":69},[55,115182,36],{"class":99},[55,115184,114],{"class":69},[55,115186,115187],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,115188,114716],{"class":133},[577,115190,115191],{"id":111254},[15,115192,102784],{},[155,115194,115195,115197],{},[158,115196,101322],{},[158,115198,101325],{},[46,115200,115202],{"className":48,"code":115201,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115203,115204,115220,115236,115240,115258,115268,115272,115282],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115205,115206,115208,115210,115212,115214,115216,115218],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115207,2715],{"class":61},[55,115209,66],{"class":65},[55,115211,10652],{"class":69},[55,115213,74],{"class":73},[55,115215,77],{"class":69},[55,115217,80],{"class":73},[55,115219,9471],{"class":69},[55,115221,115222,115224,115226,115228,115230,115232,115234],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,115223,2743],{"class":61},[55,115225,66],{"class":65},[55,115227,10652],{"class":69},[55,115229,106],{"class":73},[55,115231,77],{"class":69},[55,115233,111],{"class":73},[55,115235,9471],{"class":69},[55,115237,115238],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,115239,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,115241,115242,115244,115246,115248,115250,115252,115254,115256],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,115243,83168],{"class":61},[55,115245,66],{"class":65},[55,115247,57013],{"class":61},[55,115249,44],{"class":69},[55,115251,111254],{"class":99},[55,115253,103],{"class":69},[55,115255,285],{"class":99},[55,115257,114],{"class":69},[55,115259,115260,115262,115264,115266],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,115261,121],{"class":120},[55,115263,103],{"class":69},[55,115265,261],{"class":99},[55,115267,114],{"class":69},[55,115269,115270],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,115271,114716],{"class":133},[55,115273,115274,115276,115278,115280],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,115275,121],{"class":120},[55,115277,103],{"class":69},[55,115279,36],{"class":99},[55,115281,114],{"class":69},[55,115283,115284],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,115285,115286],{"class":133},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115288,107670,115289,115291,115292,115296],{},[15,115290,15103],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[36,115293,115294],{"href":102781},[15,115295,102784],{}," when you want a new set.",[142,115298,115300],{"id":115299},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115302,10907,115303,44],{},[15,115304,97299],{},[577,115306,115308],{"id":115307},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115310,115311],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[46,115313,115315],{"className":48,"code":115314,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115316,115317,115333,115355,115359,115369],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115318,115319,115321,115323,115325,115327,115329,115331],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115320,15778],{"class":61},[55,115322,66],{"class":65},[55,115324,10652],{"class":69},[55,115326,74],{"class":73},[55,115328,77],{"class":69},[55,115330,80],{"class":73},[55,115332,9471],{"class":69},[55,115334,115335,115337,115339,115341,115343,115345,115347,115349,115351,115353],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,115336,1255],{"class":61},[55,115338,66],{"class":65},[55,115340,96909],{"class":61},[55,115342,44],{"class":69},[55,115344,30608],{"class":99},[55,115346,3149],{"class":69},[55,115348,2223],{"class":73},[55,115350,77],{"class":69},[55,115352,85],{"class":73},[55,115354,1777],{"class":69},[55,115356,115357],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,115358,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,115360,115361,115363,115365,115367],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,115362,121],{"class":120},[55,115364,103],{"class":69},[55,115366,1288],{"class":99},[55,115368,114],{"class":69},[55,115370,115371],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,115372,61955],{"class":133},[20,115374,115375,115376,153],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115377,15103],{},[46,115379,115381],{"className":48,"code":115380,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115382,115383,115399,115417,115421,115431],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115384,115385,115387,115389,115391,115393,115395,115397],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115386,15778],{"class":61},[55,115388,66],{"class":65},[55,115390,10652],{"class":69},[55,115392,74],{"class":73},[55,115394,77],{"class":69},[55,115396,80],{"class":73},[55,115398,9471],{"class":69},[55,115400,115401,115403,115405,115407,115409,115411,115413,115415],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,115402,15816],{"class":61},[55,115404,44],{"class":69},[55,115406,30608],{"class":99},[55,115408,3149],{"class":69},[55,115410,2223],{"class":73},[55,115412,77],{"class":69},[55,115414,85],{"class":73},[55,115416,1777],{"class":69},[55,115418,115419],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,115420,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,115422,115423,115425,115427,115429],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,115424,121],{"class":120},[55,115426,103],{"class":69},[55,115428,15816],{"class":99},[55,115430,114],{"class":69},[55,115432,115433],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,115434,114015],{"class":133},[577,115436,115438],{"id":115437},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115440,2999],{},[46,115442,115444],{"className":48,"code":115443,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115445,115446,115462],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115447,115448,115450,115452,115454,115456,115458,115460],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115449,15778],{"class":61},[55,115451,66],{"class":65},[55,115453,10652],{"class":69},[55,115455,74],{"class":73},[55,115457,77],{"class":69},[55,115459,80],{"class":73},[55,115461,9471],{"class":69},[55,115463,115464,115466,115468,115470,115472,115474],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,115465,15816],{"class":61},[55,115467,44],{"class":69},[55,115469,30608],{"class":99},[55,115471,103],{"class":69},[55,115473,2297],{"class":73},[55,115475,114],{"class":69},[20,115477,62409,115478,8762,115480,115482],{},[15,115479,3168],{},[15,115481,2297],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115484,6713],{},[46,115486,115488],{"className":48,"code":115487,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115489,115490,115506,115520,115524,115534],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115491,115492,115494,115496,115498,115500,115502,115504],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115493,15778],{"class":61},[55,115495,66],{"class":65},[55,115497,10652],{"class":69},[55,115499,74],{"class":73},[55,115501,77],{"class":69},[55,115503,80],{"class":73},[55,115505,9471],{"class":69},[55,115507,115508,115510,115512,115514,115516,115518],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,115509,15816],{"class":61},[55,115511,44],{"class":69},[55,115513,30608],{"class":99},[55,115515,3149],{"class":69},[55,115517,2297],{"class":73},[55,115519,1777],{"class":69},[55,115521,115522],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,115523,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,115525,115526,115528,115530,115532],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,115527,121],{"class":120},[55,115529,103],{"class":69},[55,115531,15816],{"class":99},[55,115533,114],{"class":69},[55,115535,115536],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,115537,115538],{"class":133},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115540,46056,115541,44],{},[36,115542,25824,115543],{"href":52744},[15,115544,115545],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[577,115547,115549],{"id":115548},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115551,115552],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[46,115554,115556],{"className":48,"code":115555,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115557,115558,115574,115600,115604,115614],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115559,115560,115562,115564,115566,115568,115570,115572],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115561,15778],{"class":61},[55,115563,66],{"class":65},[55,115565,10652],{"class":69},[55,115567,74],{"class":73},[55,115569,77],{"class":69},[55,115571,80],{"class":73},[55,115573,9471],{"class":69},[55,115575,115576,115578,115580,115582,115584,115586,115588,115590,115592,115594,115596,115598],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,115577,15816],{"class":61},[55,115579,44],{"class":69},[55,115581,30608],{"class":99},[55,115583,3149],{"class":69},[55,115585,106],{"class":73},[55,115587,77],{"class":69},[55,115589,80],{"class":73},[55,115591,77],{"class":69},[55,115593,80],{"class":73},[55,115595,77],{"class":69},[55,115597,111],{"class":73},[55,115599,1777],{"class":69},[55,115601,115602],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,115603,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,115605,115606,115608,115610,115612],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,115607,121],{"class":120},[55,115609,103],{"class":69},[55,115611,15816],{"class":99},[55,115613,114],{"class":69},[55,115615,115616],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,115617,114716],{"class":133},[577,115619,115621,115622,44772,115624,115626],{"id":115620},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115623,15103],{},[15,115625,96188],{}," is better",[20,115628,115629,115630,115632],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115631,96188],{}," is usually the better choice.",[46,115634,115636],{"className":48,"code":115635,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115637,115638,115654,115672,115676,115686],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115639,115640,115642,115644,115646,115648,115650,115652],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115641,15778],{"class":61},[55,115643,66],{"class":65},[55,115645,10652],{"class":69},[55,115647,248],{"class":247},[55,115649,58250],{"class":251},[55,115651,248],{"class":247},[55,115653,9471],{"class":69},[55,115655,115656,115658,115660,115662,115664,115666,115668,115670],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,115657,15816],{"class":61},[55,115659,44],{"class":69},[55,115661,82088],{"class":99},[55,115663,103],{"class":69},[55,115665,248],{"class":247},[55,115667,37186],{"class":251},[55,115669,248],{"class":247},[55,115671,114],{"class":69},[55,115673,115674],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,115675,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,115677,115678,115680,115682,115684],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,115679,121],{"class":120},[55,115681,103],{"class":69},[55,115683,15816],{"class":99},[55,115685,114],{"class":69},[55,115687,115688],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,115689,114876],{"class":133},[142,115691,1986],{"id":1985},[577,115693,1990,115695,97278],{"id":115694},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115696,97299],{},[20,115698,97281,115699,44],{},[15,115700,172],{},[577,115702,28473,115703,32370],{"id":32367},[15,115704,15103],{},[20,115706,115707],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[577,115709,2022,115711,352,115713,2027],{"id":115710},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115712,96188],{},[15,115714,15103],{},[20,115716,115717,115719,115720,115722],{},[15,115718,96188],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115721,15103],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[577,115724,115726],{"id":115725},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115728,115729,115730,114725],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115731,15103],{},[577,115733,115735],{"id":115734},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115737,31,115738,11252,115740,44],{},[15,115739,102784],{},[15,115741,15103],{},[142,115743,2039],{"id":2038},[155,115745,115746,115753,115760,115766,115772],{},[158,115747,115748],{},[36,115749,115750],{"href":98485},[15,115751,115752],{},"Python set add() method",[158,115754,115755],{},[36,115756,115757],{"href":102781},[15,115758,115759],{},"Python set union() method",[158,115761,115762],{},[36,115763,115764],{"href":97868},[15,115765,97323],{},[158,115767,115768],{},[36,115769,115770],{"href":99062},[15,115771,100329],{},[158,115773,115774],{},[36,115775,115776,115778],{"href":52744},[15,115777,115545],{}," fix",[20,115780,115781,115782,115784,115785,115787],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115783,96193],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115786,108028],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2080,115789,115790],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":115792},[115793,115794,115796,115797,115798,115799,115800,115801,115803,115808,115815,115824],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":114023,"depth":91,"text":115795},"What set.update() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":22116,"depth":91,"text":22117},{"id":114409,"depth":91,"text":114410},{"id":114512,"depth":91,"text":114513},{"id":114719,"depth":91,"text":114720},{"id":114879,"depth":91,"text":115802},"update() vs add()",{"id":115099,"depth":91,"text":115804,"children":115805},"update() vs union()",[115806,115807],{"id":30608,"depth":117,"text":15103},{"id":111254,"depth":117,"text":102784},{"id":115299,"depth":91,"text":115300,"children":115809},[115810,115811,115812,115813],{"id":115307,"depth":117,"text":115308},{"id":115437,"depth":117,"text":115438},{"id":115548,"depth":117,"text":115549},{"id":115620,"depth":117,"text":115814},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":115816},[115817,115819,115820,115822,115823],{"id":115694,"depth":117,"text":115818},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32367,"depth":117,"text":32440},{"id":115710,"depth":117,"text":115821},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115725,"depth":117,"text":115726},{"id":115734,"depth":117,"text":115735},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113935,"description":115825},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115831,"title":115832,"body":115833,"description":117599,"extension":2124,"meta":117600,"navigation":428,"path":13940,"seo":117601,"stem":117602,"__hash__":117603},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115834,"toc":117574},[115835,115838,115841,115844,115855,115863,115866,115868,116017,116029,116033,116050,116054,116062,116064,116075,116077,116174,116180,116183,116279,116288,116293,116297,116302,116304,116314,116316,116425,116433,116437,116440,116443,116460,116466,116546,116549,116553,116556,116560,116563,116622,116625,116629,116632,116724,116728,116731,116838,116842,116848,116876,116878,116960,116970,116974,116977,116988,116991,117076,117079,117084,117088,117091,117102,117105,117247,117250,117254,117257,117271,117274,117335,117341,117343,117346,117368,117371,117471,117474,117506,117508,117512,117515,117517,117520,117524,117527,117531,117534,117538,117541,117543,117571],[10,115836,115832],{"id":115837},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115839,115840],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115842,115843],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[155,115845,115846,115849,115852],{},[158,115847,115848],{},"a list inside another list",[158,115850,115851],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[158,115853,115854],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115856,100251,115857,352,115859,115862],{},[1966,115858,13006],{},[1966,115860,115861],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115864,115865],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[142,115867,2165],{"id":2164},[46,115869,115871],{"className":48,"code":115870,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115872,115873,115880,115884,115910,115930,115950,115954,115972,115976,115989,116003],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115874,115875,115877],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115876,35233],{"class":4040},[55,115878,115879],{"class":61}," copy\n",[55,115881,115882],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,115883,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,115885,115886,115888,115890,115892,115894,115896,115898,115900,115902,115904,115906,115908],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,115887,12242],{"class":61},[55,115889,66],{"class":65},[55,115891,56420],{"class":69},[55,115893,74],{"class":73},[55,115895,77],{"class":69},[55,115897,80],{"class":73},[55,115899,1813],{"class":69},[55,115901,70],{"class":69},[55,115903,2223],{"class":73},[55,115905,77],{"class":69},[55,115907,85],{"class":73},[55,115909,53382],{"class":69},[55,115911,115912,115915,115917,115920,115922,115924,115926,115928],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,115913,115914],{"class":61},"shallow ",[55,115916,66],{"class":65},[55,115918,115919],{"class":61}," copy",[55,115921,44],{"class":69},[55,115923,13067],{"class":99},[55,115925,103],{"class":69},[55,115927,12289],{"class":99},[55,115929,114],{"class":69},[55,115931,115932,115935,115937,115939,115941,115944,115946,115948],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,115933,115934],{"class":61},"deep ",[55,115936,66],{"class":65},[55,115938,115919],{"class":61},[55,115940,44],{"class":69},[55,115942,115943],{"class":99},"deepcopy",[55,115945,103],{"class":69},[55,115947,12289],{"class":99},[55,115949,114],{"class":69},[55,115951,115952],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,115953,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,115955,115956,115958,115960,115962,115964,115966,115968,115970],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,115957,12289],{"class":61},[55,115959,312],{"class":69},[55,115961,227],{"class":73},[55,115963,13701],{"class":69},[55,115965,1100],{"class":99},[55,115967,103],{"class":69},[55,115969,56473],{"class":73},[55,115971,114],{"class":69},[55,115973,115974],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,115975,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,115977,115978,115980,115982,115984,115986],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,115979,121],{"class":120},[55,115981,103],{"class":69},[55,115983,12289],{"class":99},[55,115985,3825],{"class":69},[55,115987,115988],{"class":133},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[55,115990,115991,115993,115995,115998,116000],{"class":57,"line":6595},[55,115992,121],{"class":120},[55,115994,103],{"class":69},[55,115996,115997],{"class":99},"shallow",[55,115999,3825],{"class":69},[55,116001,116002],{"class":133},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[55,116004,116005,116007,116009,116012,116014],{"class":57,"line":11753},[55,116006,121],{"class":120},[55,116008,103],{"class":69},[55,116010,116011],{"class":99},"deep",[55,116013,3825],{"class":69},[55,116015,116016],{"class":133},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116018,31,116019,116022,116023,352,116025,116028],{},[15,116020,116021],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[1966,116024,13006],{},[15,116026,116027],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[142,116030,116032],{"id":116031},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[155,116034,116035,116038,116041,116044,116047],{},[158,116036,116037],{},"What a copy means in Python",[158,116039,116040],{},"How shallow copy works",[158,116042,116043],{},"How deep copy works",[158,116045,116046],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[158,116048,116049],{},"When to use each approach",[142,116051,116053],{"id":116052},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116055,15338,116056,116058,116059,116061],{},[1966,116057,13006],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[1966,116060,1968],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116063,2268],{},[155,116065,116066,116069,116072],{},[158,116067,116068],{},"the outer container is new",[158,116070,116071],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[158,116073,116074],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116076,230],{},[46,116078,116080],{"className":48,"code":116079,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116081,116082,116108,116122,116126,116144,116148,116161],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116083,116084,116086,116088,116090,116092,116094,116096,116098,116100,116102,116104,116106],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116085,12242],{"class":61},[55,116087,66],{"class":65},[55,116089,56420],{"class":69},[55,116091,74],{"class":73},[55,116093,77],{"class":69},[55,116095,80],{"class":73},[55,116097,1813],{"class":69},[55,116099,70],{"class":69},[55,116101,2223],{"class":73},[55,116103,77],{"class":69},[55,116105,85],{"class":73},[55,116107,53382],{"class":69},[55,116109,116110,116112,116114,116116,116118,116120],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,116111,14461],{"class":61},[55,116113,66],{"class":65},[55,116115,12317],{"class":61},[55,116117,44],{"class":69},[55,116119,13067],{"class":99},[55,116121,8804],{"class":69},[55,116123,116124],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,116125,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,116127,116128,116130,116132,116134,116136,116138,116140,116142],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,116129,14480],{"class":61},[55,116131,44],{"class":69},[55,116133,1100],{"class":99},[55,116135,3149],{"class":69},[55,116137,2297],{"class":73},[55,116139,77],{"class":69},[55,116141,37783],{"class":73},[55,116143,1777],{"class":69},[55,116145,116146],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,116147,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,116149,116150,116152,116154,116156,116158],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,116151,121],{"class":120},[55,116153,103],{"class":69},[55,116155,12289],{"class":99},[55,116157,3825],{"class":69},[55,116159,116160],{"class":133},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[55,116162,116163,116165,116167,116169,116171],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,116164,121],{"class":120},[55,116166,103],{"class":69},[55,116168,14480],{"class":99},[55,116170,3825],{"class":69},[55,116172,116173],{"class":133},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116175,116176,116177,116179],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116178,14480],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116181,116182],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[46,116184,116186],{"className":48,"code":116185,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116187,116188,116214,116228,116232,116250,116254,116266],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116189,116190,116192,116194,116196,116198,116200,116202,116204,116206,116208,116210,116212],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116191,12242],{"class":61},[55,116193,66],{"class":65},[55,116195,56420],{"class":69},[55,116197,74],{"class":73},[55,116199,77],{"class":69},[55,116201,80],{"class":73},[55,116203,1813],{"class":69},[55,116205,70],{"class":69},[55,116207,2223],{"class":73},[55,116209,77],{"class":69},[55,116211,85],{"class":73},[55,116213,53382],{"class":69},[55,116215,116216,116218,116220,116222,116224,116226],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,116217,14461],{"class":61},[55,116219,66],{"class":65},[55,116221,12317],{"class":61},[55,116223,44],{"class":69},[55,116225,13067],{"class":99},[55,116227,8804],{"class":69},[55,116229,116230],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,116231,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,116233,116234,116236,116238,116240,116242,116244,116246,116248],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,116235,14480],{"class":61},[55,116237,312],{"class":69},[55,116239,227],{"class":73},[55,116241,13701],{"class":69},[55,116243,1100],{"class":99},[55,116245,103],{"class":69},[55,116247,56473],{"class":73},[55,116249,114],{"class":69},[55,116251,116252],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,116253,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,116255,116256,116258,116260,116262,116264],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,116257,121],{"class":120},[55,116259,103],{"class":69},[55,116261,12289],{"class":99},[55,116263,3825],{"class":69},[55,116265,115988],{"class":133},[55,116267,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,116269,121],{"class":120},[55,116271,103],{"class":69},[55,116273,14480],{"class":99},[55,116275,3825],{"class":69},[55,116277,116278],{"class":133},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116280,116281,116282,352,116284,116287],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116283,56577],{},[15,116285,116286],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116289,116290,116291,44],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[36,116292,44078],{"href":12221},[142,116294,116296],{"id":116295},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116298,15338,116299,116301],{},[1966,116300,115861],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116303,2268],{},[155,116305,116306,116308,116311],{},[158,116307,116068],{},[158,116309,116310],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[158,116312,116313],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116315,230],{},[46,116317,116319],{"className":48,"code":116318,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116320,116321,116327,116331,116357,116375,116379,116397,116401,116413],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116322,116323,116325],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116324,35233],{"class":4040},[55,116326,115879],{"class":61},[55,116328,116329],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,116330,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,116332,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341,116343,116345,116347,116349,116351,116353,116355],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,116334,12242],{"class":61},[55,116336,66],{"class":65},[55,116338,56420],{"class":69},[55,116340,74],{"class":73},[55,116342,77],{"class":69},[55,116344,80],{"class":73},[55,116346,1813],{"class":69},[55,116348,70],{"class":69},[55,116350,2223],{"class":73},[55,116352,77],{"class":69},[55,116354,85],{"class":73},[55,116356,53382],{"class":69},[55,116358,116359,116361,116363,116365,116367,116369,116371,116373],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,116360,14461],{"class":61},[55,116362,66],{"class":65},[55,116364,115919],{"class":61},[55,116366,44],{"class":69},[55,116368,115943],{"class":99},[55,116370,103],{"class":69},[55,116372,12289],{"class":99},[55,116374,114],{"class":69},[55,116376,116377],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,116378,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,116380,116381,116383,116385,116387,116389,116391,116393,116395],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,116382,14480],{"class":61},[55,116384,312],{"class":69},[55,116386,227],{"class":73},[55,116388,13701],{"class":69},[55,116390,1100],{"class":99},[55,116392,103],{"class":69},[55,116394,56473],{"class":73},[55,116396,114],{"class":69},[55,116398,116399],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,116400,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,116402,116403,116405,116407,116409,116411],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,116404,121],{"class":120},[55,116406,103],{"class":69},[55,116408,12289],{"class":99},[55,116410,3825],{"class":69},[55,116412,116160],{"class":133},[55,116414,116415,116417,116419,116421,116423],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,116416,121],{"class":120},[55,116418,103],{"class":69},[55,116420,14480],{"class":99},[55,116422,3825],{"class":69},[55,116424,116278],{"class":133},[20,116426,116427,116428,116430,116431,44],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116429,116286],{}," does not change ",[15,116432,56577],{},[142,116434,116436],{"id":116435},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116438,116439],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116441,116442],{},"Common reasons:",[155,116444,116445,116448,116451,116457],{},[158,116446,116447],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[158,116449,116450],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[158,116452,116453,116454,116456],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116455,66],{}," does not make a copy",[158,116458,116459],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116461,116462,116463,116465],{},"For example, this does ",[1966,116464,1968],{}," create a copy:",[46,116467,116469],{"className":48,"code":116468,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116470,116471,116491,116499,116503,116517,116521,116533],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116472,116473,116475,116477,116479,116481,116483,116485,116487,116489],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116474,12242],{"class":61},[55,116476,66],{"class":65},[55,116478,70],{"class":69},[55,116480,74],{"class":73},[55,116482,77],{"class":69},[55,116484,80],{"class":73},[55,116486,77],{"class":69},[55,116488,111],{"class":73},[55,116490,88],{"class":69},[55,116492,116493,116495,116497],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,116494,14461],{"class":61},[55,116496,66],{"class":65},[55,116498,12280],{"class":61},[55,116500,116501],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,116502,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,116504,116505,116507,116509,116511,116513,116515],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,116506,14480],{"class":61},[55,116508,44],{"class":69},[55,116510,1100],{"class":99},[55,116512,103],{"class":69},[55,116514,2665],{"class":73},[55,116516,114],{"class":69},[55,116518,116519],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,116520,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,116522,116523,116525,116527,116529,116531],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,116524,121],{"class":120},[55,116526,103],{"class":69},[55,116528,12289],{"class":99},[55,116530,3825],{"class":69},[55,116532,55828],{"class":133},[55,116534,116535,116537,116539,116541,116543],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,116536,121],{"class":120},[55,116538,103],{"class":69},[55,116540,14480],{"class":99},[55,116542,3825],{"class":69},[55,116544,116545],{"class":133},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116547,116548],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[142,116550,116552],{"id":116551},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116554,116555],{},"These three ideas are different.",[577,116557,116559],{"id":116558},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116561,116562],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[46,116564,116566],{"className":48,"code":116565,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116567,116568,116594,116602,116606],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116569,116570,116572,116574,116576,116578,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588,116590,116592],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116571,12242],{"class":61},[55,116573,66],{"class":65},[55,116575,56420],{"class":69},[55,116577,74],{"class":73},[55,116579,77],{"class":69},[55,116581,80],{"class":73},[55,116583,1813],{"class":69},[55,116585,70],{"class":69},[55,116587,2223],{"class":73},[55,116589,77],{"class":69},[55,116591,85],{"class":73},[55,116593,53382],{"class":69},[55,116595,116596,116598,116600],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,116597,14253],{"class":61},[55,116599,66],{"class":65},[55,116601,12280],{"class":61},[55,116603,116604],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,116605,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,116607,116608,116610,116612,116614,116616,116618,116620],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,116609,121],{"class":120},[55,116611,103],{"class":69},[55,116613,12242],{"class":99},[55,116615,12350],{"class":4040},[55,116617,14320],{"class":99},[55,116619,3825],{"class":69},[55,116621,3828],{"class":133},[20,116623,116624],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[577,116626,116628],{"id":116627},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116630,116631],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[46,116633,116635],{"className":48,"code":116634,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116636,116637,116663,116677,116681,116698],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116638,116639,116641,116643,116645,116647,116649,116651,116653,116655,116657,116659,116661],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116640,12242],{"class":61},[55,116642,66],{"class":65},[55,116644,56420],{"class":69},[55,116646,74],{"class":73},[55,116648,77],{"class":69},[55,116650,80],{"class":73},[55,116652,1813],{"class":69},[55,116654,70],{"class":69},[55,116656,2223],{"class":73},[55,116658,77],{"class":69},[55,116660,85],{"class":73},[55,116662,53382],{"class":69},[55,116664,116665,116667,116669,116671,116673,116675],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,116666,115914],{"class":61},[55,116668,66],{"class":65},[55,116670,12317],{"class":61},[55,116672,44],{"class":69},[55,116674,13067],{"class":99},[55,116676,8804],{"class":69},[55,116678,116679],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,116680,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,116682,116683,116685,116687,116689,116691,116694,116696],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,116684,121],{"class":120},[55,116686,103],{"class":69},[55,116688,12242],{"class":99},[55,116690,12350],{"class":4040},[55,116692,116693],{"class":99}," shallow",[55,116695,3825],{"class":69},[55,116697,21347],{"class":133},[55,116699,116700,116702,116704,116706,116708,116710,116712,116714,116716,116718,116720,116722],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,116701,121],{"class":120},[55,116703,103],{"class":69},[55,116705,12289],{"class":99},[55,116707,312],{"class":69},[55,116709,227],{"class":73},[55,116711,1680],{"class":69},[55,116713,8257],{"class":4040},[55,116715,116693],{"class":99},[55,116717,312],{"class":69},[55,116719,227],{"class":73},[55,116721,20593],{"class":69},[55,116723,3828],{"class":133},[577,116725,116727],{"id":116726},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116729,116730],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[46,116732,116734],{"className":48,"code":116733,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116735,116736,116742,116746,116772,116790,116794,116812],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116737,116738,116740],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116739,35233],{"class":4040},[55,116741,115879],{"class":61},[55,116743,116744],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,116745,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,116747,116748,116750,116752,116754,116756,116758,116760,116762,116764,116766,116768,116770],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,116749,12242],{"class":61},[55,116751,66],{"class":65},[55,116753,56420],{"class":69},[55,116755,74],{"class":73},[55,116757,77],{"class":69},[55,116759,80],{"class":73},[55,116761,1813],{"class":69},[55,116763,70],{"class":69},[55,116765,2223],{"class":73},[55,116767,77],{"class":69},[55,116769,85],{"class":73},[55,116771,53382],{"class":69},[55,116773,116774,116776,116778,116780,116782,116784,116786,116788],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,116775,115934],{"class":61},[55,116777,66],{"class":65},[55,116779,115919],{"class":61},[55,116781,44],{"class":69},[55,116783,115943],{"class":99},[55,116785,103],{"class":69},[55,116787,12289],{"class":99},[55,116789,114],{"class":69},[55,116791,116792],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,116793,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,116795,116796,116798,116800,116802,116804,116807,116809],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,116797,121],{"class":120},[55,116799,103],{"class":69},[55,116801,12242],{"class":99},[55,116803,12350],{"class":4040},[55,116805,116806],{"class":99}," deep",[55,116808,3825],{"class":69},[55,116810,116811],{"class":133},"         # False\n",[55,116813,116814,116816,116818,116820,116822,116824,116826,116828,116830,116832,116834,116836],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,116815,121],{"class":120},[55,116817,103],{"class":69},[55,116819,12289],{"class":99},[55,116821,312],{"class":69},[55,116823,227],{"class":73},[55,116825,1680],{"class":69},[55,116827,8257],{"class":4040},[55,116829,116806],{"class":99},[55,116831,312],{"class":69},[55,116833,227],{"class":73},[55,116835,20593],{"class":69},[55,116837,44014],{"class":133},[142,116839,116841],{"id":116840},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116843,116844,116845,153],{},"These all make ",[1966,116846,116847],{},"shallow copies",[155,116849,116850,116854,116858,116863,116869],{},[158,116851,116852],{},[15,116853,55728],{},[158,116855,116856],{},[15,116857,12591],{},[158,116859,116860],{},[15,116861,116862],{},"set.copy()",[158,116864,116865,116866],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116867,116868],{},"my_list[:]",[158,116870,116871,116873,116874,35223],{},[15,116872,116021],{}," from the ",[15,116875,13067],{},[20,116877,2286],{},[46,116879,116881],{"className":48,"code":116880,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116882,116883,116903,116907,116921,116932,116936,116948],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116884,116885,116887,116889,116891,116893,116895,116897,116899,116901],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116886,62],{"class":61},[55,116888,66],{"class":65},[55,116890,70],{"class":69},[55,116892,74],{"class":73},[55,116894,77],{"class":69},[55,116896,80],{"class":73},[55,116898,77],{"class":69},[55,116900,111],{"class":73},[55,116902,88],{"class":69},[55,116904,116905],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,116906,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,116908,116909,116911,116913,116915,116917,116919],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,116910,2715],{"class":61},[55,116912,66],{"class":65},[55,116914,1260],{"class":61},[55,116916,44],{"class":69},[55,116918,13067],{"class":99},[55,116920,8804],{"class":69},[55,116922,116923,116925,116927,116929],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,116924,2743],{"class":61},[55,116926,66],{"class":65},[55,116928,1260],{"class":61},[55,116930,116931],{"class":69},"[:]\n",[55,116933,116934],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,116935,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,116937,116938,116940,116942,116944,116946],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,116939,121],{"class":120},[55,116941,103],{"class":69},[55,116943,36],{"class":99},[55,116945,3825],{"class":69},[55,116947,55061],{"class":133},[55,116949,116950,116952,116954,116956,116958],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,116951,121],{"class":120},[55,116953,103],{"class":69},[55,116955,285],{"class":99},[55,116957,3825],{"class":69},[55,116959,55061],{"class":133},[20,116961,73122,116962,47677,116966,44],{},[36,116963,116964,43],{"href":55089},[15,116965,55728],{},[36,116967,116968,43],{"href":12588},[15,116969,12591],{},[142,116971,116973],{"id":116972},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116975,116976],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[155,116978,116979,116982,116985],{},[158,116980,116981],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[158,116983,116984],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[158,116986,116987],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116989,116990],{},"Example with a flat list:",[46,116992,116994],{"className":48,"code":116993,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116995,116996,117016,117030,117034,117048,117052,117064],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116997,116998,117000,117002,117004,117006,117008,117010,117012,117014],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116999,12242],{"class":61},[55,117001,66],{"class":65},[55,117003,70],{"class":69},[55,117005,74],{"class":73},[55,117007,77],{"class":69},[55,117009,80],{"class":73},[55,117011,77],{"class":69},[55,117013,111],{"class":73},[55,117015,88],{"class":69},[55,117017,117018,117020,117022,117024,117026,117028],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,117019,14461],{"class":61},[55,117021,66],{"class":65},[55,117023,12317],{"class":61},[55,117025,44],{"class":69},[55,117027,13067],{"class":99},[55,117029,8804],{"class":69},[55,117031,117032],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,117033,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,117035,117036,117038,117040,117042,117044,117046],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,117037,14480],{"class":61},[55,117039,44],{"class":69},[55,117041,1100],{"class":99},[55,117043,103],{"class":69},[55,117045,2665],{"class":73},[55,117047,114],{"class":69},[55,117049,117050],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,117051,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,117053,117054,117056,117058,117060,117062],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,117055,121],{"class":120},[55,117057,103],{"class":69},[55,117059,12289],{"class":99},[55,117061,3825],{"class":69},[55,117063,55061],{"class":133},[55,117065,117066,117068,117070,117072,117074],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,117067,121],{"class":120},[55,117069,103],{"class":69},[55,117071,14480],{"class":99},[55,117073,3825],{"class":69},[55,117075,116545],{"class":133},[20,117077,117078],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117080,117081,117082,44],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[36,117083,15037],{"href":57343},[142,117085,117087],{"id":117086},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117089,117090],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[155,117092,117093,117096,117099],{},[158,117094,117095],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[158,117097,117098],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[158,117100,117101],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117103,117104],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[46,117106,117108],{"className":48,"code":117107,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117109,117110,117116,117120,117146,117160,117178,117182,117204,117208,117221,117234],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117111,117112,117114],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117113,35233],{"class":4040},[55,117115,115879],{"class":61},[55,117117,117118],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,117119,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,117121,117122,117124,117126,117128,117130,117132,117134,117136,117138,117140,117142,117144],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,117123,12242],{"class":61},[55,117125,66],{"class":65},[55,117127,10652],{"class":69},[55,117129,248],{"class":247},[55,117131,16539],{"class":251},[55,117133,248],{"class":247},[55,117135,153],{"class":69},[55,117137,70],{"class":69},[55,117139,800],{"class":73},[55,117141,77],{"class":69},[55,117143,7951],{"class":73},[55,117145,13856],{"class":69},[55,117147,117148,117150,117152,117154,117156,117158],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,117149,115914],{"class":61},[55,117151,66],{"class":65},[55,117153,12317],{"class":61},[55,117155,44],{"class":69},[55,117157,13067],{"class":99},[55,117159,8804],{"class":69},[55,117161,117162,117164,117166,117168,117170,117172,117174,117176],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,117163,115934],{"class":61},[55,117165,66],{"class":65},[55,117167,115919],{"class":61},[55,117169,44],{"class":69},[55,117171,115943],{"class":99},[55,117173,103],{"class":69},[55,117175,12289],{"class":99},[55,117177,114],{"class":69},[55,117179,117180],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,117181,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,117183,117184,117186,117188,117190,117192,117194,117196,117198,117200,117202],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,117185,12289],{"class":61},[55,117187,312],{"class":69},[55,117189,248],{"class":247},[55,117191,16539],{"class":251},[55,117193,248],{"class":247},[55,117195,13701],{"class":69},[55,117197,1100],{"class":99},[55,117199,103],{"class":69},[55,117201,36980],{"class":73},[55,117203,114],{"class":69},[55,117205,117206],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,117207,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,117209,117210,117212,117214,117216,117218],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,117211,121],{"class":120},[55,117213,103],{"class":69},[55,117215,12289],{"class":99},[55,117217,3825],{"class":69},[55,117219,117220],{"class":133},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[55,117222,117223,117225,117227,117229,117231],{"class":57,"line":6595},[55,117224,121],{"class":120},[55,117226,103],{"class":69},[55,117228,115997],{"class":99},[55,117230,3825],{"class":69},[55,117232,117233],{"class":133},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[55,117235,117236,117238,117240,117242,117244],{"class":57,"line":11753},[55,117237,121],{"class":120},[55,117239,103],{"class":69},[55,117241,116011],{"class":99},[55,117243,3825],{"class":69},[55,117245,117246],{"class":133},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117248,117249],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[142,117251,117253],{"id":117252},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117255,117256],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[155,117258,117259,117262,117265,117268],{},[158,117260,117261],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[158,117263,117264],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[158,117266,117267],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[158,117269,117270],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117272,117273],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[46,117275,117277],{"className":48,"code":117276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117278,117279,117287,117295,117299,117307,117311,117323],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117280,117281,117283,117285],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117282,2715],{"class":61},[55,117284,66],{"class":65},[55,117286,2748],{"class":73},[55,117288,117289,117291,117293],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,117290,2743],{"class":61},[55,117292,66],{"class":65},[55,117294,36314],{"class":61},[55,117296,117297],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,117298,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,117300,117301,117303,117305],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,117302,2743],{"class":61},[55,117304,66],{"class":65},[55,117306,14764],{"class":73},[55,117308,117309],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,117310,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,117312,117313,117315,117317,117319,117321],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,117314,121],{"class":120},[55,117316,103],{"class":69},[55,117318,36],{"class":99},[55,117320,3825],{"class":69},[55,117322,26939],{"class":133},[55,117324,117325,117327,117329,117331,117333],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,117326,121],{"class":120},[55,117328,103],{"class":69},[55,117330,285],{"class":99},[55,117332,3825],{"class":69},[55,117334,27760],{"class":133},[20,117336,93493,117337,117340],{},[36,117338,117339],{"href":12221},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[142,117342,2992],{"id":2991},[20,117344,117345],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[155,117347,117348,117352,117357,117362,117365],{},[158,117349,8578,117350,56909],{},[15,117351,66],{},[158,117353,8578,117354,117356],{},[15,117355,55728],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[158,117358,8578,117359,117361],{},[15,117360,12591],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[158,117363,117364],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[158,117366,117367],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117369,117370],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[46,117372,117374],{"className":48,"code":117373,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117375,117376,117390,117404,117426,117457],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117377,117378,117380,117382,117384,117386,117388],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117379,121],{"class":120},[55,117381,103],{"class":69},[55,117383,12242],{"class":99},[55,117385,12350],{"class":4040},[55,117387,14534],{"class":99},[55,117389,114],{"class":69},[55,117391,117392,117394,117396,117398,117400,117402],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,117393,121],{"class":120},[55,117395,103],{"class":69},[55,117397,12242],{"class":99},[55,117399,4849],{"class":65},[55,117401,14534],{"class":99},[55,117403,114],{"class":69},[55,117405,117406,117408,117410,117412,117414,117416,117418,117420,117422,117424],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,117407,121],{"class":120},[55,117409,103],{"class":69},[55,117411,12805],{"class":120},[55,117413,103],{"class":69},[55,117415,12289],{"class":99},[55,117417,9395],{"class":69},[55,117419,14965],{"class":120},[55,117421,103],{"class":69},[55,117423,14480],{"class":99},[55,117425,1867],{"class":69},[55,117427,117428,117430,117432,117434,117436,117438,117440,117442,117445,117447,117449,117451,117453,117455],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,117429,121],{"class":120},[55,117431,103],{"class":69},[55,117433,12805],{"class":120},[55,117435,103],{"class":69},[55,117437,12289],{"class":99},[55,117439,312],{"class":69},[55,117441,227],{"class":73},[55,117443,117444],{"class":69},"]),",[55,117446,14965],{"class":120},[55,117448,103],{"class":69},[55,117450,14480],{"class":99},[55,117452,312],{"class":69},[55,117454,227],{"class":73},[55,117456,3162],{"class":69},[55,117458,117459,117461,117463,117465,117467,117469],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,117460,121],{"class":120},[55,117462,103],{"class":69},[55,117464,1910],{"class":1898},[55,117466,103],{"class":69},[55,117468,12289],{"class":99},[55,117470,1867],{"class":69},[20,117472,117473],{},"What they tell you:",[155,117475,117476,117481,117486,117491,117501],{},[158,117477,117478,117480],{},[15,117479,12350],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[158,117482,117483,117485],{},[15,117484,4849],{}," checks whether values are equal",[158,117487,117488,117490],{},[15,117489,43630],{}," shows the identity of an object",[158,117492,117493,117494,352,117497,117500],{},"comparing ",[15,117495,117496],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117498,117499],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[158,117502,117503,117505],{},[15,117504,2464],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[142,117507,1986],{"id":1985},[577,117509,117511],{"id":117510},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117513,117514],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[577,117516,57392],{"id":57308},[20,117518,117519],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[577,117521,117523],{"id":117522},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117525,117526],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[577,117528,117530],{"id":117529},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117532,117533],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[577,117535,117537],{"id":117536},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117539,117540],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[142,117542,2039],{"id":2038},[155,117544,117545,117550,117556,117562,117566],{},[158,117546,117547],{},[36,117548,117549],{"href":12221},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[158,117551,117552],{},[36,117553,3740,117554,43],{"href":55089},[15,117555,55728],{},[158,117557,117558],{},[36,117559,3740,117560,43],{"href":12588},[15,117561,12591],{},[158,117563,117564],{},[36,117565,15114],{"href":57343},[158,117567,117568],{},[36,117569,117570],{"href":58617},"What is a list in Python?",[2080,117572,117573],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":117575},[117576,117577,117578,117579,117580,117581,117586,117587,117588,117589,117590,117591,117598],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":116031,"depth":91,"text":116032},{"id":116052,"depth":91,"text":116053},{"id":116295,"depth":91,"text":116296},{"id":116435,"depth":91,"text":116436},{"id":116551,"depth":91,"text":116552,"children":117582},[117583,117584,117585],{"id":116558,"depth":117,"text":116559},{"id":116627,"depth":117,"text":116628},{"id":116726,"depth":117,"text":116727},{"id":116840,"depth":91,"text":116841},{"id":116972,"depth":91,"text":116973},{"id":117086,"depth":91,"text":117087},{"id":117252,"depth":91,"text":117253},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":117592},[117593,117594,117595,117596,117597],{"id":117510,"depth":117,"text":117511},{"id":57308,"depth":117,"text":57392},{"id":117522,"depth":117,"text":117523},{"id":117529,"depth":117,"text":117530},{"id":117536,"depth":117,"text":117537},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115832,"description":117599},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117605,"title":117606,"body":117607,"description":119464,"extension":2124,"meta":119465,"navigation":428,"path":119466,"seo":119467,"stem":119468,"__hash__":119469},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117608,"toc":119422},[117609,117614,117619,117627,117629,117697,117702,117707,117722,117725,117727,117758,117760,117780,117783,117798,117800,117803,117876,117878,117923,117925,117936,117941,117945,117950,117953,117992,117994,118014,118017,118074,118076,118111,118114,118153,118155,118175,118178,118209,118211,118267,118269,118274,118345,118347,118380,118385,118390,118455,118457,118494,118497,118574,118576,118636,118643,118648,118651,118654,118735,118737,118778,118783,118786,118864,118866,118899,118908,118915,118918,118929,118932,118943,118947,118955,118964,118968,118973,118977,118982,119025,119028,119034,119037,119039,119086,119091,119095,119098,119147,119149,119170,119173,119175,119200,119203,119324,119329,119331,119336,119339,119344,119347,119355,119360,119367,119370,119378,119381,119383,119419],[10,117610,3740,117612,3744],{"id":117611},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117613,74406],{},[20,117615,117616,117618],{},[15,117617,74406],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117620,117621,117622,2352,117624,117626],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117623,77849],{},[15,117625,74406],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[142,117628,3774],{"id":3773},[46,117630,117632],{"className":48,"code":117631,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117633,117634,117654,117668,117672,117684],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117635,117636,117638,117640,117642,117644,117646,117648,117650,117652],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117637,62],{"class":61},[55,117639,66],{"class":65},[55,117641,70],{"class":69},[55,117643,2223],{"class":73},[55,117645,77],{"class":69},[55,117647,630],{"class":73},[55,117649,77],{"class":69},[55,117651,80],{"class":73},[55,117653,88],{"class":69},[55,117655,117656,117658,117660,117662,117664,117666],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,117657,1255],{"class":61},[55,117659,66],{"class":65},[55,117661,74540],{"class":120},[55,117663,103],{"class":69},[55,117665,94],{"class":99},[55,117667,114],{"class":69},[55,117669,117670],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,117671,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,117673,117674,117676,117678,117680,117682],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,117675,121],{"class":120},[55,117677,103],{"class":69},[55,117679,1288],{"class":99},[55,117681,3825],{"class":69},[55,117683,55815],{"class":133},[55,117685,117686,117688,117690,117692,117694],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,117687,121],{"class":120},[55,117689,103],{"class":69},[55,117691,94],{"class":99},[55,117693,3825],{"class":69},[55,117695,117696],{"class":133},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117698,117699,117701],{},[15,117700,74406],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[142,117703,145,117705,148],{"id":117704},"what-sorted-does",[15,117706,74406],{},[155,117708,117709,117713,117716,117719],{},[158,117710,117711,63050],{},[15,117712,74406],{},[158,117714,117715],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[158,117717,117718],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[158,117720,117721],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117723,117724],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[142,117726,2319],{"id":2318},[46,117728,117730],{"className":48,"code":117729,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117731,117732],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117733,117734,117736,117738,117740,117742,117744,117746,117748,117750,117752,117754,117756],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117735,74496],{"class":120},[55,117737,103],{"class":69},[55,117739,3884],{"class":99},[55,117741,77],{"class":69},[55,117743,21726],{"class":9337},[55,117745,66],{"class":65},[55,117747,172],{"class":1312},[55,117749,77],{"class":69},[55,117751,78052],{"class":9337},[55,117753,66],{"class":65},[55,117755,3838],{"class":1312},[55,117757,114],{"class":69},[577,117759,17545],{"id":17544},[155,117761,117762,117767,117772],{},[158,117763,117764,117766],{},[15,117765,3884],{},": the values to sort",[158,117768,117769,117771],{},[15,117770,14990],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[158,117773,117774,117776,117777,117779],{},[15,117775,73559],{},": set to ",[15,117778,3769],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117781,117782],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[46,117784,117786],{"className":48,"code":117785,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117787,117788],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117789,117790,117792,117794,117796],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117791,74496],{"class":120},[55,117793,103],{"class":69},[55,117795,60431],{"class":99},[55,117797,114],{"class":69},[142,117799,11634],{"id":11633},[20,117801,117802],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[46,117804,117806],{"className":48,"code":117805,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117807,117808,117832,117836,117851,117855,117866],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117809,117810,117812,117814,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824,117826,117828,117830],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117811,62],{"class":61},[55,117813,66],{"class":65},[55,117815,70],{"class":69},[55,117817,2297],{"class":73},[55,117819,77],{"class":69},[55,117821,80],{"class":73},[55,117823,77],{"class":69},[55,117825,6518],{"class":73},[55,117827,77],{"class":69},[55,117829,630],{"class":73},[55,117831,88],{"class":69},[55,117833,117834],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,117835,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,117837,117838,117841,117843,117845,117847,117849],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,117839,117840],{"class":61},"sorted_numbers ",[55,117842,66],{"class":65},[55,117844,74540],{"class":120},[55,117846,103],{"class":69},[55,117848,94],{"class":99},[55,117850,114],{"class":69},[55,117852,117853],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,117854,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,117856,117857,117859,117861,117864],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,117858,121],{"class":120},[55,117860,103],{"class":69},[55,117862,117863],{"class":99},"sorted_numbers",[55,117865,114],{"class":69},[55,117867,117868,117870,117872,117874],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,117869,121],{"class":120},[55,117871,103],{"class":69},[55,117873,94],{"class":99},[55,117875,114],{"class":69},[20,117877,302],{},[46,117879,117881],{"className":48,"code":117880,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117882,117883,117903],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117884,117885,117887,117889,117891,117893,117895,117897,117899,117901],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117886,312],{"class":69},[55,117888,74],{"class":73},[55,117890,77],{"class":69},[55,117892,80],{"class":73},[55,117894,77],{"class":69},[55,117896,4766],{"class":73},[55,117898,77],{"class":69},[55,117900,6518],{"class":73},[55,117902,88],{"class":69},[55,117904,117905,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,117906,312],{"class":69},[55,117908,2297],{"class":73},[55,117910,77],{"class":69},[55,117912,80],{"class":73},[55,117914,77],{"class":69},[55,117916,6518],{"class":73},[55,117918,77],{"class":69},[55,117920,630],{"class":73},[55,117922,88],{"class":69},[20,117924,13913],{},[155,117926,117927,117932],{},[158,117928,117929,117931],{},[15,117930,117863],{}," is a new sorted list",[158,117933,117934,112468],{},[15,117935,94],{},[20,117937,117938,117939,44],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[36,117940,78359],{"href":78358},[142,117942,117944],{"id":117943},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117946,117947,117949],{},[15,117948,74406],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[577,117951,117952],{"id":1899},"List",[46,117954,117956],{"className":48,"code":117955,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117957,117958,117978],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117959,117960,117962,117964,117966,117968,117970,117972,117974,117976],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117961,62],{"class":61},[55,117963,66],{"class":65},[55,117965,70],{"class":69},[55,117967,2223],{"class":73},[55,117969,77],{"class":69},[55,117971,630],{"class":73},[55,117973,77],{"class":69},[55,117975,80],{"class":73},[55,117977,88],{"class":69},[55,117979,117980,117982,117984,117986,117988,117990],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,117981,121],{"class":120},[55,117983,103],{"class":69},[55,117985,74496],{"class":120},[55,117987,103],{"class":69},[55,117989,94],{"class":99},[55,117991,1867],{"class":69},[20,117993,302],{},[46,117995,117996],{"className":48,"code":55279,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,117997,117998],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117999,118000,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010,118012],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118001,312],{"class":69},[55,118003,74],{"class":73},[55,118005,77],{"class":69},[55,118007,80],{"class":73},[55,118009,77],{"class":69},[55,118011,111],{"class":73},[55,118013,88],{"class":69},[577,118015,118016],{"id":49097},"Tuple",[46,118018,118020],{"className":48,"code":118019,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118021,118022,118042,118056],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118023,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038,118040],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118025,3986],{"class":61},[55,118027,66],{"class":65},[55,118029,9398],{"class":69},[55,118031,2223],{"class":73},[55,118033,77],{"class":69},[55,118035,630],{"class":73},[55,118037,77],{"class":69},[55,118039,80],{"class":73},[55,118041,114],{"class":69},[55,118043,118044,118046,118048,118050,118052,118054],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,118045,121],{"class":120},[55,118047,103],{"class":69},[55,118049,74496],{"class":120},[55,118051,103],{"class":69},[55,118053,5519],{"class":99},[55,118055,1867],{"class":69},[55,118057,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,118059,121],{"class":120},[55,118061,103],{"class":69},[55,118063,1910],{"class":1898},[55,118065,103],{"class":69},[55,118067,74496],{"class":120},[55,118069,103],{"class":69},[55,118071,5519],{"class":99},[55,118073,3075],{"class":69},[20,118075,302],{},[46,118077,118079],{"className":48,"code":118078,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118080,118081,118097],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118082,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118084,312],{"class":69},[55,118086,74],{"class":73},[55,118088,77],{"class":69},[55,118090,80],{"class":73},[55,118092,77],{"class":69},[55,118094,111],{"class":73},[55,118096,88],{"class":69},[55,118098,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,118100,3454],{"class":65},[55,118102,3457],{"class":2226},[55,118104,324],{"class":247},[55,118106,1899],{"class":251},[55,118108,315],{"class":247},[55,118110,3466],{"class":65},[577,118112,118113],{"id":6445},"Set",[46,118115,118117],{"className":48,"code":118116,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118118,118119,118139],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118120,118121,118123,118125,118127,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118122,3986],{"class":61},[55,118124,66],{"class":65},[55,118126,10652],{"class":69},[55,118128,2223],{"class":73},[55,118130,77],{"class":69},[55,118132,630],{"class":73},[55,118134,77],{"class":69},[55,118136,80],{"class":73},[55,118138,9471],{"class":69},[55,118140,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,118142,121],{"class":120},[55,118144,103],{"class":69},[55,118146,74496],{"class":120},[55,118148,103],{"class":69},[55,118150,5519],{"class":99},[55,118152,1867],{"class":69},[20,118154,302],{},[46,118156,118157],{"className":48,"code":55279,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,118158,118159],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118160,118161,118163,118165,118167,118169,118171,118173],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118162,312],{"class":69},[55,118164,74],{"class":73},[55,118166,77],{"class":69},[55,118168,80],{"class":73},[55,118170,77],{"class":69},[55,118172,111],{"class":73},[55,118174,88],{"class":69},[577,118176,118177],{"id":61298},"String",[46,118179,118181],{"className":48,"code":118180,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118182,118183,118195],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118184,118185,118187,118189,118191,118193],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118186,34829],{"class":61},[55,118188,66],{"class":65},[55,118190,258],{"class":247},[55,118192,50],{"class":251},[55,118194,3522],{"class":247},[55,118196,118197,118199,118201,118203,118205,118207],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,118198,121],{"class":120},[55,118200,103],{"class":69},[55,118202,74496],{"class":120},[55,118204,103],{"class":69},[55,118206,34850],{"class":99},[55,118208,1867],{"class":69},[20,118210,302],{},[46,118212,118213],{"className":48,"code":79376,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,118214,118215],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118216,118217,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251,118253,118255,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118218,312],{"class":69},[55,118220,315],{"class":247},[55,118222,60562],{"class":251},[55,118224,315],{"class":247},[55,118226,77],{"class":69},[55,118228,324],{"class":247},[55,118230,76012],{"class":251},[55,118232,315],{"class":247},[55,118234,77],{"class":69},[55,118236,324],{"class":247},[55,118238,60597],{"class":251},[55,118240,315],{"class":247},[55,118242,77],{"class":69},[55,118244,324],{"class":247},[55,118246,20],{"class":251},[55,118248,315],{"class":247},[55,118250,77],{"class":69},[55,118252,324],{"class":247},[55,118254,63411],{"class":251},[55,118256,315],{"class":247},[55,118258,77],{"class":69},[55,118260,324],{"class":247},[55,118262,11902],{"class":251},[55,118264,315],{"class":247},[55,118266,88],{"class":69},[577,118268,29368],{"id":15754},[20,118270,63664,118271,118273],{},[15,118272,74406],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[46,118275,118277],{"className":48,"code":118276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118278,118279,118331],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118280,118281,118283,118285,118287,118289,118291,118293,118295,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309,118311,118313,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325,118327,118329],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118282,13357],{"class":61},[55,118284,66],{"class":65},[55,118286,10652],{"class":69},[55,118288,248],{"class":247},[55,118290,7829],{"class":251},[55,118292,248],{"class":247},[55,118294,153],{"class":69},[55,118296,258],{"class":247},[55,118298,13036],{"class":251},[55,118300,248],{"class":247},[55,118302,77],{"class":69},[55,118304,258],{"class":247},[55,118306,9461],{"class":251},[55,118308,248],{"class":247},[55,118310,153],{"class":69},[55,118312,7951],{"class":73},[55,118314,77],{"class":69},[55,118316,258],{"class":247},[55,118318,10570],{"class":251},[55,118320,248],{"class":247},[55,118322,153],{"class":69},[55,118324,258],{"class":247},[55,118326,16181],{"class":251},[55,118328,248],{"class":247},[55,118330,9471],{"class":69},[55,118332,118333,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,118334,121],{"class":120},[55,118336,103],{"class":69},[55,118338,74496],{"class":120},[55,118340,103],{"class":69},[55,118342,17457],{"class":99},[55,118344,1867],{"class":69},[20,118346,302],{},[46,118348,118350],{"className":48,"code":118349,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118351,118352],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118353,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118355,312],{"class":69},[55,118357,315],{"class":247},[55,118359,9461],{"class":251},[55,118361,315],{"class":247},[55,118363,77],{"class":69},[55,118365,324],{"class":247},[55,118367,10570],{"class":251},[55,118369,315],{"class":247},[55,118371,77],{"class":69},[55,118373,324],{"class":247},[55,118375,7829],{"class":251},[55,118377,315],{"class":247},[55,118379,88],{"class":69},[142,118381,8578,118383],{"id":118382},"using-reversetrue",[15,118384,78073],{},[20,118386,31,118387,118389],{},[15,118388,78073],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[46,118391,118393],{"className":48,"code":118392,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118394,118395,118415,118419,118433],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118396,118397,118399,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409,118411,118413],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118398,62],{"class":61},[55,118400,66],{"class":65},[55,118402,70],{"class":69},[55,118404,2223],{"class":73},[55,118406,77],{"class":69},[55,118408,630],{"class":73},[55,118410,77],{"class":69},[55,118412,80],{"class":73},[55,118414,88],{"class":69},[55,118416,118417],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,118418,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,118420,118421,118423,118425,118427,118429,118431],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,118422,121],{"class":120},[55,118424,103],{"class":69},[55,118426,74496],{"class":120},[55,118428,103],{"class":69},[55,118430,94],{"class":99},[55,118432,1867],{"class":69},[55,118434,118435,118437,118439,118441,118443,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,118436,121],{"class":120},[55,118438,103],{"class":69},[55,118440,74496],{"class":120},[55,118442,103],{"class":69},[55,118444,94],{"class":99},[55,118446,77],{"class":69},[55,118448,78052],{"class":9337},[55,118450,66],{"class":65},[55,118452,3769],{"class":1312},[55,118454,1867],{"class":69},[20,118456,302],{},[46,118458,118460],{"className":48,"code":118459,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118461,118462,118478],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118463,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118465,312],{"class":69},[55,118467,74],{"class":73},[55,118469,77],{"class":69},[55,118471,80],{"class":73},[55,118473,77],{"class":69},[55,118475,111],{"class":73},[55,118477,88],{"class":69},[55,118479,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490,118492],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,118481,312],{"class":69},[55,118483,2223],{"class":73},[55,118485,77],{"class":69},[55,118487,80],{"class":73},[55,118489,77],{"class":69},[55,118491,630],{"class":73},[55,118493,88],{"class":69},[20,118495,118496],{},"This also works with strings:",[46,118498,118500],{"className":48,"code":118499,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118501,118502,118534,118538,118552],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118503,118504,118506,118508,118510,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118505,4234],{"class":61},[55,118507,66],{"class":65},[55,118509,70],{"class":69},[55,118511,248],{"class":247},[55,118513,1035],{"class":251},[55,118515,248],{"class":247},[55,118517,77],{"class":69},[55,118519,258],{"class":247},[55,118521,1072],{"class":251},[55,118523,248],{"class":247},[55,118525,77],{"class":69},[55,118527,258],{"class":247},[55,118529,4259],{"class":251},[55,118531,248],{"class":247},[55,118533,88],{"class":69},[55,118535,118536],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,118537,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,118539,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,118541,121],{"class":120},[55,118543,103],{"class":69},[55,118545,74496],{"class":120},[55,118547,103],{"class":69},[55,118549,4276],{"class":99},[55,118551,1867],{"class":69},[55,118553,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568,118570,118572],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,118555,121],{"class":120},[55,118557,103],{"class":69},[55,118559,74496],{"class":120},[55,118561,103],{"class":69},[55,118563,4276],{"class":99},[55,118565,77],{"class":69},[55,118567,78052],{"class":9337},[55,118569,66],{"class":65},[55,118571,3769],{"class":1312},[55,118573,1867],{"class":69},[20,118575,302],{},[46,118577,118578],{"className":48,"code":74140,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,118579,118580,118608],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118581,118582,118584,118586,118588,118590,118592,118594,118596,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118583,312],{"class":69},[55,118585,315],{"class":247},[55,118587,1035],{"class":251},[55,118589,315],{"class":247},[55,118591,77],{"class":69},[55,118593,324],{"class":247},[55,118595,1072],{"class":251},[55,118597,315],{"class":247},[55,118599,77],{"class":69},[55,118601,324],{"class":247},[55,118603,4259],{"class":251},[55,118605,315],{"class":247},[55,118607,88],{"class":69},[55,118609,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,118611,312],{"class":69},[55,118613,315],{"class":247},[55,118615,4259],{"class":251},[55,118617,315],{"class":247},[55,118619,77],{"class":69},[55,118621,324],{"class":247},[55,118623,1072],{"class":251},[55,118625,315],{"class":247},[55,118627,77],{"class":69},[55,118629,324],{"class":247},[55,118631,1035],{"class":251},[55,118633,315],{"class":247},[55,118635,88],{"class":69},[142,118637,8578,118639,118642],{"id":118638},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118640,118641],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118644,568,118645,118647],{},[15,118646,118641],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118649,118650],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118652,118653],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[46,118655,118657],{"className":48,"code":118656,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118658,118659,118699,118703,118725],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118660,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118662,4234],{"class":61},[55,118664,66],{"class":65},[55,118666,70],{"class":69},[55,118668,248],{"class":247},[55,118670,78726],{"class":251},[55,118672,248],{"class":247},[55,118674,77],{"class":69},[55,118676,258],{"class":247},[55,118678,38498],{"class":251},[55,118680,248],{"class":247},[55,118682,77],{"class":69},[55,118684,258],{"class":247},[55,118686,1072],{"class":251},[55,118688,248],{"class":247},[55,118690,77],{"class":69},[55,118692,258],{"class":247},[55,118694,38481],{"class":251},[55,118696,248],{"class":247},[55,118698,88],{"class":69},[55,118700,118701],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,118702,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,118704,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713,118715,118717,118719,118721,118723],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,118706,1255],{"class":61},[55,118708,66],{"class":65},[55,118710,74540],{"class":120},[55,118712,103],{"class":69},[55,118714,4276],{"class":99},[55,118716,77],{"class":69},[55,118718,21726],{"class":9337},[55,118720,66],{"class":65},[55,118722,1860],{"class":120},[55,118724,114],{"class":69},[55,118726,118727,118729,118731,118733],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,118728,121],{"class":120},[55,118730,103],{"class":69},[55,118732,1288],{"class":99},[55,118734,114],{"class":69},[20,118736,302],{},[46,118738,118740],{"className":48,"code":118739,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118741,118742],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118743,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762,118764,118766,118768,118770,118772,118774,118776],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118745,312],{"class":69},[55,118747,315],{"class":247},[55,118749,38498],{"class":251},[55,118751,315],{"class":247},[55,118753,77],{"class":69},[55,118755,324],{"class":247},[55,118757,78726],{"class":251},[55,118759,315],{"class":247},[55,118761,77],{"class":69},[55,118763,324],{"class":247},[55,118765,38481],{"class":251},[55,118767,315],{"class":247},[55,118769,77],{"class":69},[55,118771,324],{"class":247},[55,118773,1072],{"class":251},[55,118775,315],{"class":247},[55,118777,88],{"class":69},[20,118779,341,118780,118782],{},[15,118781,1860],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118784,118785],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[46,118787,118789],{"className":48,"code":118788,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118790,118791,118824,118828,118854],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118792,118793,118795,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809,118811,118813,118815,118817,118820,118822],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118794,4234],{"class":61},[55,118796,66],{"class":65},[55,118798,70],{"class":69},[55,118800,248],{"class":247},[55,118802,83345],{"class":251},[55,118804,248],{"class":247},[55,118806,77],{"class":69},[55,118808,258],{"class":247},[55,118810,1035],{"class":251},[55,118812,248],{"class":247},[55,118814,77],{"class":69},[55,118816,258],{"class":247},[55,118818,118819],{"class":251},"Cherry",[55,118821,248],{"class":247},[55,118823,88],{"class":69},[55,118825,118826],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,118827,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,118829,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846,118848,118850,118852],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,118831,1255],{"class":61},[55,118833,66],{"class":65},[55,118835,74540],{"class":120},[55,118837,103],{"class":69},[55,118839,4276],{"class":99},[55,118841,77],{"class":69},[55,118843,21726],{"class":9337},[55,118845,66],{"class":65},[55,118847,3607],{"class":1898},[55,118849,44],{"class":69},[55,118851,8801],{"class":1880},[55,118853,114],{"class":69},[55,118855,118856,118858,118860,118862],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,118857,121],{"class":120},[55,118859,103],{"class":69},[55,118861,1288],{"class":99},[55,118863,114],{"class":69},[20,118865,302],{},[46,118867,118869],{"className":48,"code":118868,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118870,118871],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118872,118873,118875,118877,118879,118881,118883,118885,118887,118889,118891,118893,118895,118897],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118874,312],{"class":69},[55,118876,315],{"class":247},[55,118878,1035],{"class":251},[55,118880,315],{"class":247},[55,118882,77],{"class":69},[55,118884,324],{"class":247},[55,118886,83345],{"class":251},[55,118888,315],{"class":247},[55,118890,77],{"class":69},[55,118892,324],{"class":247},[55,118894,118819],{"class":251},[55,118896,315],{"class":247},[55,118898,88],{"class":69},[20,118900,118901,118902,571,118904,44],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118903,42503],{},[36,118905,3740,118906,3673],{"href":42500},[15,118907,42503],{},[142,118909,118911,982,118913],{"id":118910},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118912,74406],{},[15,118914,77849],{},[20,118916,118917],{},"The main difference is this:",[155,118919,118920,118925],{},[158,118921,118922,118924],{},[15,118923,74406],{}," returns a new list",[158,118926,118927,73944],{},[15,118928,77849],{},[20,118930,118931],{},"Also:",[155,118933,118934,118939],{},[158,118935,118936,118938],{},[15,118937,74406],{}," works with many iterables",[158,118940,118941,79282],{},[15,118942,77849],{},[20,118944,31,118945,993],{},[15,118946,74406],{},[155,118948,118949,118952],{},[158,118950,118951],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[158,118953,118954],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118956,118957,118958,44],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[36,118959,3740,118960,982,118962,5942],{"href":79107},[15,118961,74406],{},[15,118963,77849],{},[142,118965,118967],{"id":118966},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118969,118970,118971,44],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118972,74406],{},[577,118974,118976],{"id":118975},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118978,118979,118980,153],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118981,3168],{},[46,118983,118985],{"className":48,"code":118984,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118986,118987,119011],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118988,118989,118991,118993,118995,118997,118999,119001,119003,119005,119007,119009],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118990,3986],{"class":61},[55,118992,66],{"class":65},[55,118994,70],{"class":69},[55,118996,74],{"class":73},[55,118998,77],{"class":69},[55,119000,258],{"class":247},[55,119002,106],{"class":251},[55,119004,248],{"class":247},[55,119006,77],{"class":69},[55,119008,111],{"class":73},[55,119010,88],{"class":69},[55,119012,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021,119023],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,119014,121],{"class":120},[55,119016,103],{"class":69},[55,119018,74496],{"class":120},[55,119020,103],{"class":69},[55,119022,5519],{"class":99},[55,119024,1867],{"class":69},[20,119026,119027],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[577,119029,119031,119032,2465],{"id":119030},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119033,14990],{},[20,119035,119036],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119038,230],{},[46,119040,119042],{"className":48,"code":119041,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119043,119044,119064],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119045,119046,119048,119050,119052,119054,119056,119058,119060,119062],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119047,62],{"class":61},[55,119049,66],{"class":65},[55,119051,70],{"class":69},[55,119053,800],{"class":73},[55,119055,77],{"class":69},[55,119057,80],{"class":73},[55,119059,77],{"class":69},[55,119061,7956],{"class":73},[55,119063,88],{"class":69},[55,119065,119066,119068,119070,119072,119074,119076,119078,119080,119082,119084],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,119067,121],{"class":120},[55,119069,103],{"class":69},[55,119071,74496],{"class":120},[55,119073,103],{"class":69},[55,119075,94],{"class":99},[55,119077,77],{"class":69},[55,119079,21726],{"class":9337},[55,119081,66],{"class":65},[55,119083,1860],{"class":120},[55,119085,1867],{"class":69},[20,119087,48654,119088,119090],{},[15,119089,42503],{}," does not work on integers.",[577,119092,119094],{"id":119093},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119096,119097],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[46,119099,119101],{"className":48,"code":119100,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119102,119103,119123,119133,119137],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119104,119105,119107,119109,119111,119113,119115,119117,119119,119121],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119106,62],{"class":61},[55,119108,66],{"class":65},[55,119110,70],{"class":69},[55,119112,2223],{"class":73},[55,119114,77],{"class":69},[55,119116,630],{"class":73},[55,119118,77],{"class":69},[55,119120,80],{"class":73},[55,119122,88],{"class":69},[55,119124,119125,119127,119129,119131],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,119126,74496],{"class":120},[55,119128,103],{"class":69},[55,119130,94],{"class":99},[55,119132,114],{"class":69},[55,119134,119135],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,119136,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,119138,119139,119141,119143,119145],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,119140,121],{"class":120},[55,119142,103],{"class":69},[55,119144,94],{"class":99},[55,119146,114],{"class":69},[20,119148,302],{},[46,119150,119152],{"className":48,"code":119151,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119153,119154],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119155,119156,119158,119160,119162,119164,119166,119168],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119157,312],{"class":69},[55,119159,2223],{"class":73},[55,119161,77],{"class":69},[55,119163,630],{"class":73},[55,119165,77],{"class":69},[55,119167,80],{"class":73},[55,119169,88],{"class":69},[20,119171,119172],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[142,119174,2992],{"id":2991},[155,119176,119177,119181,119184,119189,119193],{},[158,119178,4740,119179,73944],{},[15,119180,74406],{},[158,119182,119183],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[158,119185,4865,119186,119188],{},[15,119187,74406],{}," always returns a list",[158,119190,8578,119191,23249],{},[15,119192,118641],{},[158,119194,29794,119195,119197,119198],{},[15,119196,64436],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119199,74406],{},[20,119201,119202],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[46,119204,119206],{"className":48,"code":119205,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119207,119208,119230,119256,119294],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119209,119210,119212,119214,119216,119218,119220,119222,119224,119226,119228],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119211,121],{"class":120},[55,119213,103],{"class":69},[55,119215,74496],{"class":120},[55,119217,3149],{"class":69},[55,119219,2223],{"class":73},[55,119221,77],{"class":69},[55,119223,630],{"class":73},[55,119225,77],{"class":69},[55,119227,80],{"class":73},[55,119229,3162],{"class":69},[55,119231,119232,119234,119236,119238,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248,119250,119252,119254],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,119233,121],{"class":120},[55,119235,103],{"class":69},[55,119237,1910],{"class":1898},[55,119239,103],{"class":69},[55,119241,74496],{"class":120},[55,119243,5669],{"class":69},[55,119245,2223],{"class":73},[55,119247,77],{"class":69},[55,119249,630],{"class":73},[55,119251,77],{"class":69},[55,119253,80],{"class":73},[55,119255,93349],{"class":69},[55,119257,119258,119260,119262,119264,119266,119268,119270,119272,119274,119276,119278,119280,119282,119284,119286,119288,119290,119292],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,119259,121],{"class":120},[55,119261,103],{"class":69},[55,119263,74496],{"class":120},[55,119265,3149],{"class":69},[55,119267,315],{"class":247},[55,119269,83345],{"class":251},[55,119271,315],{"class":247},[55,119273,77],{"class":69},[55,119275,324],{"class":247},[55,119277,1035],{"class":251},[55,119279,315],{"class":247},[55,119281,1813],{"class":69},[55,119283,21726],{"class":9337},[55,119285,66],{"class":65},[55,119287,3607],{"class":1898},[55,119289,44],{"class":69},[55,119291,8801],{"class":1880},[55,119293,1867],{"class":69},[55,119295,119296,119298,119300,119302,119304,119306,119308,119310,119312,119314,119316,119318,119320,119322],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,119297,121],{"class":120},[55,119299,103],{"class":69},[55,119301,74496],{"class":120},[55,119303,3149],{"class":69},[55,119305,2223],{"class":73},[55,119307,77],{"class":69},[55,119309,630],{"class":73},[55,119311,77],{"class":69},[55,119313,80],{"class":73},[55,119315,1813],{"class":69},[55,119317,78052],{"class":9337},[55,119319,66],{"class":65},[55,119321,3769],{"class":1312},[55,119323,1867],{"class":69},[20,119325,119326,119327,44],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[36,119328,2063],{"href":974},[142,119330,1986],{"id":1985},[577,119332,1990,119334,57287],{"id":119333},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119335,74406],{},[20,119337,119338],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[577,119340,5303,119342,12871],{"id":119341},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119343,74406],{},[20,119345,119346],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[577,119348,119350,119351,11252,119353,2027],{"id":119349},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119352,74406],{},[15,119354,77849],{},[20,119356,31,119357,119359],{},[15,119358,74406],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[577,119361,5303,119363,86433,119365,2027],{"id":119362},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119364,118641],{},[15,119366,74406],{},[20,119368,119369],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[577,119371,5319,119373,119375,119376,2027],{"id":119372},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119374,74406],{}," give a ",[15,119377,3168],{},[20,119379,119380],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[142,119382,2039],{"id":2038},[155,119384,119385,119389,119397,119401,119407,119413],{},[158,119386,119387],{},[36,119388,79855],{"href":78358},[158,119390,119391],{},[36,119392,3740,119393,982,119395,5942],{"href":79107},[15,119394,74406],{},[15,119396,77849],{},[158,119398,119399],{},[36,119400,2063],{"href":974},[158,119402,119403],{},[36,119404,3740,119405,3673],{"href":42500},[15,119406,42503],{},[158,119408,119409],{},[36,119410,3740,119411,3673],{"href":92005},[15,119412,35891],{},[158,119414,119415],{},[36,119416,3740,119417,3673],{"href":36334},[15,119418,36337],{},[2080,119420,119421],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":119423},[119424,119425,119427,119430,119431,119438,119440,119442,119444,119450,119451,119463],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":117704,"depth":91,"text":119426},"What sorted() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319,"children":119428},[119429],{"id":17544,"depth":117,"text":17545},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":117943,"depth":91,"text":117944,"children":119432},[119433,119434,119435,119436,119437],{"id":1899,"depth":117,"text":117952},{"id":49097,"depth":117,"text":118016},{"id":6445,"depth":117,"text":118113},{"id":61298,"depth":117,"text":118177},{"id":15754,"depth":117,"text":29368},{"id":118382,"depth":91,"text":119439},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118638,"depth":91,"text":119441},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118910,"depth":91,"text":119443},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118966,"depth":91,"text":118967,"children":119445},[119446,119447,119449],{"id":118975,"depth":117,"text":118976},{"id":119030,"depth":117,"text":119448},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119093,"depth":117,"text":119094},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":119452},[119453,119455,119457,119459,119461],{"id":119333,"depth":117,"text":119454},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119341,"depth":117,"text":119456},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119349,"depth":117,"text":119458},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119362,"depth":117,"text":119460},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119372,"depth":117,"text":119462},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117606,"description":119464},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119471,"title":119472,"body":119473,"description":121584,"extension":2124,"meta":121585,"navigation":428,"path":79107,"seo":121586,"stem":121587,"__hash__":121588},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119474,"toc":121531},[119475,119482,119485,119495,119501,119504,119522,119530,119532,119591,119599,119603,119625,119629,119633,119635,119652,119654,119666,119672,119756,119760,119807,119813,119820,119824,119829,119831,119843,119848,119901,119905,119925,119932,119939,119943,119946,119965,119969,120083,120087,120157,120159,120171,120176,120180,120193,120197,120272,120276,120315,120322,120328,120333,120337,120351,120355,120420,120424,120457,120460,120465,120473,120480,120493,120496,120500,120583,120587,120624,120628,120731,120735,120796,120801,120808,120812,120815,120821,120824,120891,120895,120919,120921,120939,120946,120999,121003,121023,121029,121031,121088,121095,121121,121126,121131,121139,121145,121205,121209,121256,121259,121261,121264,121290,121293,121386,121388,121408,121412,121415,121433,121439,121441,121449,121454,121461,121464,121470,121473,121479,121487,121495,121500,121502,121528],[10,119476,3740,119478,982,119480,93063],{"id":119477},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119479,74406],{},[15,119481,77849],{},[20,119483,119484],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[155,119486,119487,119491],{},[158,119488,119489],{},[15,119490,74406],{},[158,119492,119493],{},[15,119494,77849],{},[20,119496,119497,119498,119500],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[1966,119499,1968],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119502,119503],{},"The main difference is simple:",[155,119505,119506,119514],{},[158,119507,31,119508,119510,119511],{},[15,119509,74406],{}," when you want a ",[1966,119512,119513],{},"new sorted result",[158,119515,31,119516,119518,119519],{},[15,119517,77849],{}," when you want to ",[1966,119520,119521],{},"change the original list",[20,119523,119524,119525,2558,119527,119529],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119526,77849],{},[15,119528,172],{}," and causes confusion.",[142,119531,3774],{"id":3773},[46,119533,119535],{"className":48,"code":119534,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119536,119537,119557,119561,119578],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119538,119539,119541,119543,119545,119547,119549,119551,119553,119555],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119540,62],{"class":61},[55,119542,66],{"class":65},[55,119544,70],{"class":69},[55,119546,2223],{"class":73},[55,119548,77],{"class":69},[55,119550,630],{"class":73},[55,119552,77],{"class":69},[55,119554,80],{"class":73},[55,119556,88],{"class":69},[55,119558,119559],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,119560,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,119562,119563,119565,119567,119569,119571,119573,119575],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,119564,1353],{"class":61},[55,119566,66],{"class":65},[55,119568,74540],{"class":120},[55,119570,103],{"class":69},[55,119572,94],{"class":99},[55,119574,3825],{"class":69},[55,119576,119577],{"class":133},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[55,119579,119580,119582,119584,119586,119588],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,119581,94],{"class":61},[55,119583,44],{"class":69},[55,119585,34941],{"class":99},[55,119587,7526],{"class":69},[55,119589,119590],{"class":133},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119592,31,119593,119595,119596,119598],{},[15,119594,74406],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119597,77849],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[142,119600,119602],{"id":119601},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[155,119604,119605,119610,119615,119622],{},[158,119606,31,119607,119609],{},[15,119608,74406],{}," to get a new sorted list",[158,119611,31,119612,119614],{},[15,119613,77849],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[158,119616,119617,119618,2558,119620],{},"Understand why ",[15,119619,77849],{},[15,119621,172],{},[158,119623,119624],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[142,119626,145,119627,148],{"id":117704},[15,119628,74406],{},[20,119630,119631,63050],{},[15,119632,74406],{},[20,119634,49071],{},[155,119636,119637,119643,119649],{},[158,119638,119639,119640],{},"returns a ",[1966,119641,119642],{},"new list",[158,119644,119645,119646,119648],{},"does ",[1966,119647,1968],{}," change the original data",[158,119650,119651],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119653,51277],{},[155,119655,119656,119658,119660,119662,119664],{},[158,119657,5460],{},[158,119659,5463],{},[158,119661,5469],{},[158,119663,5466],{},[158,119665,36050],{},[577,119667,35220,119669,119671],{"id":119668},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119670,74406],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[46,119673,119675],{"className":48,"code":119674,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119676,119677,119697,119701,119715,119719,119737],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119678,119679,119681,119683,119685,119687,119689,119691,119693,119695],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119680,62],{"class":61},[55,119682,66],{"class":65},[55,119684,70],{"class":69},[55,119686,2223],{"class":73},[55,119688,77],{"class":69},[55,119690,630],{"class":73},[55,119692,77],{"class":69},[55,119694,80],{"class":73},[55,119696,88],{"class":69},[55,119698,119699],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,119700,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,119702,119703,119705,119707,119709,119711,119713],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,119704,1255],{"class":61},[55,119706,66],{"class":65},[55,119708,74540],{"class":120},[55,119710,103],{"class":69},[55,119712,94],{"class":99},[55,119714,114],{"class":69},[55,119716,119717],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,119718,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,119720,119721,119723,119725,119727,119729,119731,119733,119735],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,119722,121],{"class":120},[55,119724,103],{"class":69},[55,119726,248],{"class":247},[55,119728,12310],{"class":251},[55,119730,248],{"class":247},[55,119732,77],{"class":69},[55,119734,1260],{"class":99},[55,119736,114],{"class":69},[55,119738,119739,119741,119743,119745,119748,119750,119752,119754],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,119740,121],{"class":120},[55,119742,103],{"class":69},[55,119744,248],{"class":247},[55,119746,119747],{"class":251},"sorted result:",[55,119749,248],{"class":247},[55,119751,77],{"class":69},[55,119753,81199],{"class":99},[55,119755,114],{"class":69},[20,119757,119758],{},[1966,119759,302],{},[46,119761,119763],{"className":48,"code":119762,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119764,119765,119785],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119766,119767,119769,119771,119773,119775,119777,119779,119781,119783],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119768,12289],{"class":61},[55,119770,153],{"class":69},[55,119772,70],{"class":69},[55,119774,2223],{"class":73},[55,119776,77],{"class":69},[55,119778,630],{"class":73},[55,119780,77],{"class":69},[55,119782,80],{"class":73},[55,119784,88],{"class":69},[55,119786,119787,119789,119791,119793,119795,119797,119799,119801,119803,119805],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,119788,74496],{"class":120},[55,119790,81199],{"class":61},[55,119792,153],{"class":69},[55,119794,70],{"class":69},[55,119796,74],{"class":73},[55,119798,77],{"class":69},[55,119800,80],{"class":73},[55,119802,77],{"class":69},[55,119804,111],{"class":73},[55,119806,88],{"class":69},[20,119808,119809,119810,119812],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119811,94],{}," stays the same.",[20,119814,119815,119816,44],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[36,119817,3740,119818,3673],{"href":74503},[15,119819,74406],{},[142,119821,145,119822,148],{"id":77915},[15,119823,77849],{},[20,119825,119826,119828],{},[15,119827,64436],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119830,49071],{},[155,119832,119833,119836,119839],{},[158,119834,119835],{},"changes the original list directly",[158,119837,119838],{},"only works on lists",[158,119840,3855,119841],{},[15,119842,172],{},[577,119844,35220,119846,73944],{"id":119845},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119847,77849],{},[46,119849,119851],{"className":48,"code":119850,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119852,119853,119873,119877,119887,119891],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119854,119855,119857,119859,119861,119863,119865,119867,119869,119871],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119856,62],{"class":61},[55,119858,66],{"class":65},[55,119860,70],{"class":69},[55,119862,2223],{"class":73},[55,119864,77],{"class":69},[55,119866,630],{"class":73},[55,119868,77],{"class":69},[55,119870,80],{"class":73},[55,119872,88],{"class":69},[55,119874,119875],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,119876,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,119878,119879,119881,119883,119885],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,119880,94],{"class":61},[55,119882,44],{"class":69},[55,119884,34941],{"class":99},[55,119886,8804],{"class":69},[55,119888,119889],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,119890,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,119892,119893,119895,119897,119899],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,119894,121],{"class":120},[55,119896,103],{"class":69},[55,119898,94],{"class":99},[55,119900,114],{"class":69},[20,119902,119903],{},[1966,119904,302],{},[46,119906,119907],{"className":48,"code":55279,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,119908,119909],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119910,119911,119913,119915,119917,119919,119921,119923],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119912,312],{"class":69},[55,119914,74],{"class":73},[55,119916,77],{"class":69},[55,119918,80],{"class":73},[55,119920,77],{"class":69},[55,119922,111],{"class":73},[55,119924,88],{"class":69},[20,119926,119927,119928,119931],{},"After calling ",[15,119929,119930],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119933,119934,119935,44],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[36,119936,3740,119937,43],{"href":74757},[15,119938,77849],{},[142,119940,119942],{"id":119941},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119944,119945],{},"Here is the core difference:",[155,119947,119948,119957],{},[158,119949,119950,119953,119954],{},[15,119951,119952],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[1966,119955,119956],{},"new sorted list",[158,119958,119959,119962,119963,74314],{},[15,119960,119961],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119964,192],{},[577,119966,119968],{"id":119967},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[46,119970,119972],{"className":48,"code":119971,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119973,119974,119994,119998,120012,120031,120050,120054,120064],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119975,119976,119978,119980,119982,119984,119986,119988,119990,119992],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119977,62],{"class":61},[55,119979,66],{"class":65},[55,119981,70],{"class":69},[55,119983,2297],{"class":73},[55,119985,77],{"class":69},[55,119987,80],{"class":73},[55,119989,77],{"class":69},[55,119991,85],{"class":73},[55,119993,88],{"class":69},[55,119995,119996],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,119997,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,119999,120000,120002,120004,120006,120008,120010],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,120001,2715],{"class":61},[55,120003,66],{"class":65},[55,120005,74540],{"class":120},[55,120007,103],{"class":69},[55,120009,94],{"class":99},[55,120011,114],{"class":69},[55,120013,120014,120016,120018,120020,120023,120025,120027,120029],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,120015,121],{"class":120},[55,120017,103],{"class":69},[55,120019,248],{"class":247},[55,120021,120022],{"class":251},"numbers after sorted():",[55,120024,248],{"class":247},[55,120026,77],{"class":69},[55,120028,1260],{"class":99},[55,120030,114],{"class":69},[55,120032,120033,120035,120037,120039,120042,120044,120046,120048],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,120034,121],{"class":120},[55,120036,103],{"class":69},[55,120038,248],{"class":247},[55,120040,120041],{"class":251},"a:",[55,120043,248],{"class":247},[55,120045,77],{"class":69},[55,120047,57013],{"class":99},[55,120049,114],{"class":69},[55,120051,120052],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,120053,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,120055,120056,120058,120060,120062],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,120057,94],{"class":61},[55,120059,44],{"class":69},[55,120061,34941],{"class":99},[55,120063,8804],{"class":69},[55,120065,120066,120068,120070,120072,120075,120077,120079,120081],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,120067,121],{"class":120},[55,120069,103],{"class":69},[55,120071,248],{"class":247},[55,120073,120074],{"class":251},"numbers after sort():",[55,120076,248],{"class":247},[55,120078,77],{"class":69},[55,120080,1260],{"class":99},[55,120082,114],{"class":69},[20,120084,120085],{},[1966,120086,302],{},[46,120088,120090],{"className":48,"code":120089,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120091,120092,120115,120135],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120093,120094,120097,120099,120101,120103,120105,120107,120109,120111,120113],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120095,120096],{"class":61},"numbers after ",[55,120098,74496],{"class":120},[55,120100,29728],{"class":69},[55,120102,70],{"class":69},[55,120104,2297],{"class":73},[55,120106,77],{"class":69},[55,120108,80],{"class":73},[55,120110,77],{"class":69},[55,120112,85],{"class":73},[55,120114,88],{"class":69},[55,120116,120117,120119,120121,120123,120125,120127,120129,120131,120133],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,120118,36],{"class":61},[55,120120,153],{"class":69},[55,120122,70],{"class":69},[55,120124,106],{"class":73},[55,120126,77],{"class":69},[55,120128,85],{"class":73},[55,120130,77],{"class":69},[55,120132,4766],{"class":73},[55,120134,88],{"class":69},[55,120136,120137,120139,120141,120143,120145,120147,120149,120151,120153,120155],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,120138,120096],{"class":61},[55,120140,34941],{"class":99},[55,120142,29728],{"class":69},[55,120144,70],{"class":69},[55,120146,106],{"class":73},[55,120148,77],{"class":69},[55,120150,85],{"class":73},[55,120152,77],{"class":69},[55,120154,4766],{"class":73},[55,120156,88],{"class":69},[20,120158,10873],{},[155,120160,120161,120166],{},[158,120162,120163,120165],{},[15,120164,74406],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[158,120167,120168,120170],{},[15,120169,64436],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[142,120172,1937,120174],{"id":120173},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120175,74406],{},[20,120177,31,120178,993],{},[15,120179,74406],{},[155,120181,120182,120185,120187,120190],{},[158,120183,120184],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[158,120186,118954],{},[158,120188,120189],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[158,120191,120192],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[577,120194,120196],{"id":120195},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[46,120198,120200],{"className":48,"code":120199,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120201,120202,120226,120230,120244,120248,120258],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120203,120204,120206,120208,120210,120212,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120205,62],{"class":61},[55,120207,66],{"class":65},[55,120209,9398],{"class":69},[55,120211,2665],{"class":73},[55,120213,77],{"class":69},[55,120215,630],{"class":73},[55,120217,77],{"class":69},[55,120219,111],{"class":73},[55,120221,77],{"class":69},[55,120223,80],{"class":73},[55,120225,114],{"class":69},[55,120227,120228],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,120229,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,120231,120232,120234,120236,120238,120240,120242],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,120233,1255],{"class":61},[55,120235,66],{"class":65},[55,120237,74540],{"class":120},[55,120239,103],{"class":69},[55,120241,94],{"class":99},[55,120243,114],{"class":69},[55,120245,120246],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,120247,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,120249,120250,120252,120254,120256],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,120251,121],{"class":120},[55,120253,103],{"class":69},[55,120255,1288],{"class":99},[55,120257,114],{"class":69},[55,120259,120260,120262,120264,120266,120268,120270],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,120261,121],{"class":120},[55,120263,103],{"class":69},[55,120265,1910],{"class":1898},[55,120267,103],{"class":69},[55,120269,1288],{"class":99},[55,120271,1867],{"class":69},[20,120273,120274],{},[1966,120275,302],{},[46,120277,120279],{"className":48,"code":120278,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120280,120281,120301],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120282,120283,120285,120287,120289,120291,120293,120295,120297,120299],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120284,312],{"class":69},[55,120286,74],{"class":73},[55,120288,77],{"class":69},[55,120290,80],{"class":73},[55,120292,77],{"class":69},[55,120294,111],{"class":73},[55,120296,77],{"class":69},[55,120298,85],{"class":73},[55,120300,88],{"class":69},[55,120302,120303,120305,120307,120309,120311,120313],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,120304,3454],{"class":65},[55,120306,3457],{"class":2226},[55,120308,324],{"class":247},[55,120310,1899],{"class":251},[55,120312,315],{"class":247},[55,120314,3466],{"class":65},[20,120316,2448,120317,120319,120320,44],{},[15,120318,74406],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[1966,120321,1899],{},[20,120323,120324,120325,120327],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[36,120326,2063],{"href":974}," is a helpful next step.",[142,120329,1937,120331],{"id":120330},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120332,77849],{},[20,120334,31,120335,993],{},[15,120336,77849],{},[155,120338,120339,120342,120345,120348],{},[158,120340,120341],{},"you already have a list",[158,120343,120344],{},"you want to update that list directly",[158,120346,120347],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[158,120349,120350],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[577,120352,120354],{"id":120353},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[46,120356,120358],{"className":48,"code":120357,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120359,120360,120392,120396,120406,120410],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120361,120362,120364,120366,120368,120370,120372,120374,120376,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388,120390],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120363,5155],{"class":61},[55,120365,66],{"class":65},[55,120367,70],{"class":69},[55,120369,248],{"class":247},[55,120371,5182],{"class":251},[55,120373,248],{"class":247},[55,120375,77],{"class":69},[55,120377,258],{"class":247},[55,120379,5164],{"class":251},[55,120381,248],{"class":247},[55,120383,77],{"class":69},[55,120385,258],{"class":247},[55,120387,5173],{"class":251},[55,120389,248],{"class":247},[55,120391,88],{"class":69},[55,120393,120394],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,120395,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,120397,120398,120400,120402,120404],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,120399,5199],{"class":61},[55,120401,44],{"class":69},[55,120403,34941],{"class":99},[55,120405,8804],{"class":69},[55,120407,120408],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,120409,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,120411,120412,120414,120416,120418],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,120413,121],{"class":120},[55,120415,103],{"class":69},[55,120417,5199],{"class":99},[55,120419,114],{"class":69},[20,120421,120422],{},[1966,120423,302],{},[46,120425,120427],{"className":48,"code":120426,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120428,120429],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120430,120431,120433,120435,120437,120439,120441,120443,120445,120447,120449,120451,120453,120455],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120432,312],{"class":69},[55,120434,315],{"class":247},[55,120436,5164],{"class":251},[55,120438,315],{"class":247},[55,120440,77],{"class":69},[55,120442,324],{"class":247},[55,120444,5173],{"class":251},[55,120446,315],{"class":247},[55,120448,77],{"class":69},[55,120450,324],{"class":247},[55,120452,5182],{"class":251},[55,120454,315],{"class":247},[55,120456,88],{"class":69},[20,120458,120459],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120461,120462,120463,44],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[36,120464,79855],{"href":78358},[142,120466,120468,352,120470,120472],{"id":120467},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120469,73559],{},[15,120471,14990],{}," work with both",[20,120474,10751,120475,352,120477,120479],{},[15,120476,74406],{},[15,120478,77849],{}," support:",[155,120481,120482,120487],{},[158,120483,120484,120486],{},[15,120485,78073],{}," for descending order",[158,120488,120489,120492],{},[15,120490,120491],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120494,120495],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[577,120497,120499],{"id":120498},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[46,120501,120503],{"className":48,"code":120502,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120504,120505,120525,120529,120551,120555,120573],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120506,120507,120509,120511,120513,120515,120517,120519,120521,120523],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120508,62],{"class":61},[55,120510,66],{"class":65},[55,120512,70],{"class":69},[55,120514,2223],{"class":73},[55,120516,77],{"class":69},[55,120518,630],{"class":73},[55,120520,77],{"class":69},[55,120522,80],{"class":73},[55,120524,88],{"class":69},[55,120526,120527],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,120528,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,120530,120531,120533,120535,120537,120539,120541,120543,120545,120547,120549],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,120532,121],{"class":120},[55,120534,103],{"class":69},[55,120536,74496],{"class":120},[55,120538,103],{"class":69},[55,120540,94],{"class":99},[55,120542,77],{"class":69},[55,120544,78052],{"class":9337},[55,120546,66],{"class":65},[55,120548,3769],{"class":1312},[55,120550,1867],{"class":69},[55,120552,120553],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,120554,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,120556,120557,120559,120561,120563,120565,120567,120569,120571],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,120558,94],{"class":61},[55,120560,44],{"class":69},[55,120562,34941],{"class":99},[55,120564,103],{"class":69},[55,120566,73559],{"class":9337},[55,120568,66],{"class":65},[55,120570,3769],{"class":1312},[55,120572,114],{"class":69},[55,120574,120575,120577,120579,120581],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,120576,121],{"class":120},[55,120578,103],{"class":69},[55,120580,94],{"class":99},[55,120582,114],{"class":69},[20,120584,120585],{},[1966,120586,302],{},[46,120588,120590],{"className":48,"code":120589,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120591,120592,120608],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120593,120594,120596,120598,120600,120602,120604,120606],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120595,312],{"class":69},[55,120597,2223],{"class":73},[55,120599,77],{"class":69},[55,120601,80],{"class":73},[55,120603,77],{"class":69},[55,120605,630],{"class":73},[55,120607,88],{"class":69},[55,120609,120610,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,120611,312],{"class":69},[55,120613,2223],{"class":73},[55,120615,77],{"class":69},[55,120617,80],{"class":73},[55,120619,77],{"class":69},[55,120621,630],{"class":73},[55,120623,88],{"class":69},[577,120625,120627],{"id":120626},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[46,120629,120631],{"className":48,"code":120630,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120632,120633,120665,120669,120695,120699,120721],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120634,120635,120637,120639,120641,120643,120645,120647,120649,120651,120653,120655,120657,120659,120661,120663],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120636,4234],{"class":61},[55,120638,66],{"class":65},[55,120640,70],{"class":69},[55,120642,248],{"class":247},[55,120644,83345],{"class":251},[55,120646,248],{"class":247},[55,120648,77],{"class":69},[55,120650,258],{"class":247},[55,120652,1035],{"class":251},[55,120654,248],{"class":247},[55,120656,77],{"class":69},[55,120658,258],{"class":247},[55,120660,118819],{"class":251},[55,120662,248],{"class":247},[55,120664,88],{"class":69},[55,120666,120667],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,120668,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,120670,120671,120673,120675,120677,120679,120681,120683,120685,120687,120689,120691,120693],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,120672,121],{"class":120},[55,120674,103],{"class":69},[55,120676,74496],{"class":120},[55,120678,103],{"class":69},[55,120680,4276],{"class":99},[55,120682,77],{"class":69},[55,120684,21726],{"class":9337},[55,120686,66],{"class":65},[55,120688,3607],{"class":1898},[55,120690,44],{"class":69},[55,120692,8801],{"class":1880},[55,120694,1867],{"class":69},[55,120696,120697],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,120698,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,120700,120701,120703,120705,120707,120709,120711,120713,120715,120717,120719],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,120702,4276],{"class":61},[55,120704,44],{"class":69},[55,120706,34941],{"class":99},[55,120708,103],{"class":69},[55,120710,14990],{"class":9337},[55,120712,66],{"class":65},[55,120714,3607],{"class":1898},[55,120716,44],{"class":69},[55,120718,8801],{"class":1880},[55,120720,114],{"class":69},[55,120722,120723,120725,120727,120729],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,120724,121],{"class":120},[55,120726,103],{"class":69},[55,120728,4276],{"class":99},[55,120730,114],{"class":69},[20,120732,120733],{},[1966,120734,302],{},[46,120736,120738],{"className":48,"code":120737,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120739,120740,120768],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120741,120742,120744,120746,120748,120750,120752,120754,120756,120758,120760,120762,120764,120766],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120743,312],{"class":69},[55,120745,315],{"class":247},[55,120747,1035],{"class":251},[55,120749,315],{"class":247},[55,120751,77],{"class":69},[55,120753,324],{"class":247},[55,120755,83345],{"class":251},[55,120757,315],{"class":247},[55,120759,77],{"class":69},[55,120761,324],{"class":247},[55,120763,118819],{"class":251},[55,120765,315],{"class":247},[55,120767,88],{"class":69},[55,120769,120770,120772,120774,120776,120778,120780,120782,120784,120786,120788,120790,120792,120794],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,120771,312],{"class":69},[55,120773,315],{"class":247},[55,120775,1035],{"class":251},[55,120777,315],{"class":247},[55,120779,77],{"class":69},[55,120781,324],{"class":247},[55,120783,83345],{"class":251},[55,120785,315],{"class":247},[55,120787,77],{"class":69},[55,120789,324],{"class":247},[55,120791,118819],{"class":251},[55,120793,315],{"class":247},[55,120795,88],{"class":69},[20,120797,8578,120798,120800],{},[15,120799,78567],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120802,120803,120804,44],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[36,120805,120807],{"href":120806},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[142,120809,120811],{"id":120810},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120813,120814],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[577,120816,120818,120819,12753],{"id":120817},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120820,77849],{},[20,120822,120823],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[46,120825,120827],{"className":48,"code":120826,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120828,120829,120849,120853,120867,120871,120881],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120830,120831,120833,120835,120837,120839,120841,120843,120845,120847],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120832,62],{"class":61},[55,120834,66],{"class":65},[55,120836,70],{"class":69},[55,120838,2223],{"class":73},[55,120840,77],{"class":69},[55,120842,630],{"class":73},[55,120844,77],{"class":69},[55,120846,80],{"class":73},[55,120848,88],{"class":69},[55,120850,120851],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,120852,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,120854,120855,120857,120859,120861,120863,120865],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,120856,1255],{"class":61},[55,120858,66],{"class":65},[55,120860,1260],{"class":61},[55,120862,44],{"class":69},[55,120864,34941],{"class":99},[55,120866,8804],{"class":69},[55,120868,120869],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,120870,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,120872,120873,120875,120877,120879],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,120874,121],{"class":120},[55,120876,103],{"class":69},[55,120878,1288],{"class":99},[55,120880,114],{"class":69},[55,120882,120883,120885,120887,120889],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,120884,121],{"class":120},[55,120886,103],{"class":69},[55,120888,94],{"class":99},[55,120890,114],{"class":69},[20,120892,120893],{},[1966,120894,302],{},[46,120896,120897],{"className":48,"code":79190,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,120898,120899,120903],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120900,120901],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120902,1313],{"class":1312},[55,120904,120905,120907,120909,120911,120913,120915,120917],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,120906,312],{"class":69},[55,120908,74],{"class":73},[55,120910,77],{"class":69},[55,120912,80],{"class":73},[55,120914,77],{"class":69},[55,120916,111],{"class":73},[55,120918,88],{"class":69},[20,120920,12056],{},[155,120922,120923,120928,120933],{},[158,120924,120925,120927],{},[15,120926,119930],{}," sorts the list in place",[158,120929,35157,120930,120932],{},[1966,120931,1968],{}," return the sorted list",[158,120934,89969,120935,42297,120937],{},[15,120936,1288],{},[15,120938,172],{},[577,120940,120942,120943,120945],{"id":120941},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120944,74406],{}," to change the original list",[46,120947,120949],{"className":48,"code":120948,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120950,120951,120971,120975,120985,120989],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120952,120953,120955,120957,120959,120961,120963,120965,120967,120969],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120954,62],{"class":61},[55,120956,66],{"class":65},[55,120958,70],{"class":69},[55,120960,2223],{"class":73},[55,120962,77],{"class":69},[55,120964,630],{"class":73},[55,120966,77],{"class":69},[55,120968,80],{"class":73},[55,120970,88],{"class":69},[55,120972,120973],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,120974,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,120976,120977,120979,120981,120983],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,120978,74496],{"class":120},[55,120980,103],{"class":69},[55,120982,94],{"class":99},[55,120984,114],{"class":69},[55,120986,120987],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,120988,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,120990,120991,120993,120995,120997],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,120992,121],{"class":120},[55,120994,103],{"class":69},[55,120996,94],{"class":99},[55,120998,114],{"class":69},[20,121000,121001],{},[1966,121002,302],{},[46,121004,121005],{"className":48,"code":119151,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,121006,121007],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121008,121009,121011,121013,121015,121017,121019,121021],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121010,312],{"class":69},[55,121012,2223],{"class":73},[55,121014,77],{"class":69},[55,121016,630],{"class":73},[55,121018,77],{"class":69},[55,121020,80],{"class":73},[55,121022,88],{"class":69},[20,121024,121025,121028],{},[15,121026,121027],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121030,10967],{},[46,121032,121034],{"className":48,"code":121033,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121035,121036,121056,121060,121074,121078],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121037,121038,121040,121042,121044,121046,121048,121050,121052,121054],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121039,62],{"class":61},[55,121041,66],{"class":65},[55,121043,70],{"class":69},[55,121045,2223],{"class":73},[55,121047,77],{"class":69},[55,121049,630],{"class":73},[55,121051,77],{"class":69},[55,121053,80],{"class":73},[55,121055,88],{"class":69},[55,121057,121058],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,121059,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,121061,121062,121064,121066,121068,121070,121072],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,121063,55769],{"class":61},[55,121065,66],{"class":65},[55,121067,74540],{"class":120},[55,121069,103],{"class":69},[55,121071,94],{"class":99},[55,121073,114],{"class":69},[55,121075,121076],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,121077,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,121079,121080,121082,121084,121086],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,121081,121],{"class":120},[55,121083,103],{"class":69},[55,121085,55788],{"class":99},[55,121087,114],{"class":69},[577,121089,121091,121092,121094],{"id":121090},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121093,64436],{}," on a tuple or string",[46,121096,121097],{"className":48,"code":79292,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,121098,121099,121111],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121100,121101,121103,121105,121107,121109],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121102,34829],{"class":61},[55,121104,66],{"class":65},[55,121106,258],{"class":247},[55,121108,50],{"class":251},[55,121110,3522],{"class":247},[55,121112,121113,121115,121117,121119],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,121114,34850],{"class":61},[55,121116,44],{"class":69},[55,121118,34941],{"class":99},[55,121120,8804],{"class":69},[20,121122,121123,121124,33744],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121125,64436],{},[20,121127,121128,121130],{},[15,121129,64436],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121132,121133,121134,121136,121137,44],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121135,74406],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[36,121138,5297],{"href":5745},[577,121140,121142,121143,119188],{"id":121141},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121144,74406],{},[46,121146,121148],{"className":48,"code":121147,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121149,121150,121163,121177,121181,121191],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121151,121152,121154,121156,121158,121161],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121153,34829],{"class":61},[55,121155,66],{"class":65},[55,121157,258],{"class":247},[55,121159,121160],{"class":251},"cab",[55,121162,3522],{"class":247},[55,121164,121165,121167,121169,121171,121173,121175],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,121166,1255],{"class":61},[55,121168,66],{"class":65},[55,121170,74540],{"class":120},[55,121172,103],{"class":69},[55,121174,34850],{"class":99},[55,121176,114],{"class":69},[55,121178,121179],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,121180,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,121182,121183,121185,121187,121189],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,121184,121],{"class":120},[55,121186,103],{"class":69},[55,121188,1288],{"class":99},[55,121190,114],{"class":69},[55,121192,121193,121195,121197,121199,121201,121203],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,121194,121],{"class":120},[55,121196,103],{"class":69},[55,121198,1910],{"class":1898},[55,121200,103],{"class":69},[55,121202,1288],{"class":99},[55,121204,1867],{"class":69},[20,121206,121207],{},[1966,121208,302],{},[46,121210,121212],{"className":48,"code":121211,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121213,121214,121242],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121215,121216,121218,121220,121222,121224,121226,121228,121230,121232,121234,121236,121238,121240],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121217,312],{"class":69},[55,121219,315],{"class":247},[55,121221,36],{"class":251},[55,121223,315],{"class":247},[55,121225,77],{"class":69},[55,121227,324],{"class":247},[55,121229,285],{"class":251},[55,121231,315],{"class":247},[55,121233,77],{"class":69},[55,121235,324],{"class":247},[55,121237,261],{"class":251},[55,121239,315],{"class":247},[55,121241,88],{"class":69},[55,121243,121244,121246,121248,121250,121252,121254],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,121245,3454],{"class":65},[55,121247,3457],{"class":2226},[55,121249,324],{"class":247},[55,121251,1899],{"class":251},[55,121253,315],{"class":247},[55,121255,3466],{"class":65},[20,121257,121258],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[142,121260,113709],{"id":113708},[20,121262,121263],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[155,121265,121266,121269,121274,121279,121285],{},[158,121267,121268],{},"confusing a function with a method",[158,121270,121271,121272,53781],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121273,64436],{},[158,121275,121276,121277,12753],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121278,77849],{},[158,121280,121281,121282,121284],{},"trying to use ",[15,121283,64436],{}," on non-list data types",[158,121286,50650,121287,121289],{},[15,121288,74406],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121291,121292],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[46,121294,121296],{"className":48,"code":121295,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121297,121298,121308,121322,121347,121362,121372],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121299,121300,121302,121304,121306],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121301,121],{"class":120},[55,121303,103],{"class":69},[55,121305,192],{"class":99},[55,121307,114],{"class":69},[55,121309,121310,121312,121314,121316,121318,121320],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,121311,121],{"class":120},[55,121313,103],{"class":69},[55,121315,74496],{"class":120},[55,121317,103],{"class":69},[55,121319,192],{"class":99},[55,121321,1867],{"class":69},[55,121323,121324,121326,121328,121330,121332,121334,121336,121339,121341,121343,121345],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,121325,1255],{"class":61},[55,121327,66],{"class":65},[55,121329,8556],{"class":61},[55,121331,44],{"class":69},[55,121333,34941],{"class":99},[55,121335,7526],{"class":69},[55,121337,121338],{"class":61},"; ",[55,121340,121],{"class":120},[55,121342,103],{"class":69},[55,121344,1288],{"class":99},[55,121346,114],{"class":69},[55,121348,121349,121351,121353,121355,121357,121360],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,121350,121],{"class":120},[55,121352,103],{"class":69},[55,121354,1910],{"class":1898},[55,121356,103],{"class":69},[55,121358,121359],{"class":99},"my_data",[55,121361,1867],{"class":69},[55,121363,121364,121366,121368,121370],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,121365,1893],{"class":120},[55,121367,103],{"class":69},[55,121369,74496],{"class":120},[55,121371,114],{"class":69},[55,121373,121374,121376,121378,121380,121382,121384],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,121375,1893],{"class":120},[55,121377,103],{"class":69},[55,121379,1899],{"class":1898},[55,121381,44],{"class":69},[55,121383,34941],{"class":1880},[55,121385,114],{"class":69},[20,121387,84355],{},[155,121389,121390,121393,121397,121405],{},[158,121391,121392],{},"whether your original list changed",[158,121394,26163,121395,11862],{},[15,121396,74406],{},[158,121398,121399,121400,121402,121403],{},"whether ",[15,121401,64436],{}," returned ",[15,121404,172],{},[158,121406,121407],{},"what type of object you are working with",[142,121409,121411],{"id":121410},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121413,121414],{},"Use this rule:",[155,121416,121417,121425],{},[158,121418,121419,121420,121422,121423],{},"Need a ",[1966,121421,119513],{},": use ",[15,121424,74406],{},[158,121426,121427,121428,121422,121431],{},"Need to ",[1966,121429,121430],{},"change one list directly",[15,121432,77849],{},[20,121434,121435,121436,121438],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121437,74406],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[142,121440,1986],{"id":1985},[577,121442,121444,121445,3041,121447,2027],{"id":121443},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121446,74406],{},[15,121448,77849],{},[20,121450,121451,121453],{},[15,121452,74406],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[577,121455,5319,121457,5322,121459,2027],{"id":121456},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121458,77849],{},[15,121460,172],{},[20,121462,121463],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[577,121465,2009,121467,121469],{"id":121466},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121468,74406],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121471,121472],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[577,121474,28473,121476,121478],{"id":121475},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121477,64436],{}," on a string?",[20,121480,46508,121481,121483,121484,40070],{},[15,121482,64436],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121485,121486],{},"sorted(string)",[577,121488,11975,121490,352,121492,121494],{"id":121489},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121491,74406],{},[15,121493,64436],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121496,121497,121498,44],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121499,78073],{},[142,121501,2039],{"id":2038},[155,121503,121504,121510,121516,121520,121524],{},[158,121505,121506],{},[36,121507,3740,121508,3673],{"href":74503},[15,121509,74406],{},[158,121511,121512],{},[36,121513,3740,121514,43],{"href":74757},[15,121515,77849],{},[158,121517,121518],{},[36,121519,79855],{"href":78358},[158,121521,121522],{},[36,121523,120807],{"href":120806},[158,121525,121526],{},[36,121527,2063],{"href":974},[2080,121529,121530],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":121532},[121533,121534,121535,121539,121543,121546,121550,121554,121559,121569,121570,121571,121583],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":119601,"depth":91,"text":119602},{"id":117704,"depth":91,"text":119426,"children":121536},[121537],{"id":119668,"depth":117,"text":121538},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77915,"depth":91,"text":79877,"children":121540},[121541],{"id":119845,"depth":117,"text":121542},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119941,"depth":91,"text":119942,"children":121544},[121545],{"id":119967,"depth":117,"text":119968},{"id":120173,"depth":91,"text":121547,"children":121548},"When to use sorted()",[121549],{"id":120195,"depth":117,"text":120196},{"id":120330,"depth":91,"text":121551,"children":121552},"When to use list.sort()",[121553],{"id":120353,"depth":117,"text":120354},{"id":120467,"depth":91,"text":121555,"children":121556},"reverse and key work with both",[121557,121558],{"id":120498,"depth":117,"text":120499},{"id":120626,"depth":117,"text":120627},{"id":120810,"depth":91,"text":120811,"children":121560},[121561,121563,121565,121567],{"id":120817,"depth":117,"text":121562},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120941,"depth":117,"text":121564},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121090,"depth":117,"text":121566},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121141,"depth":117,"text":121568},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113708,"depth":91,"text":113709},{"id":121410,"depth":91,"text":121411},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":121572},[121573,121575,121577,121579,121581],{"id":121443,"depth":117,"text":121574},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121456,"depth":117,"text":121576},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121466,"depth":117,"text":121578},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121475,"depth":117,"text":121580},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121489,"depth":117,"text":121582},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119472,"description":121584},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121590,"title":42318,"body":121591,"description":123323,"extension":2124,"meta":123324,"navigation":428,"path":123325,"seo":123326,"stem":123327,"__hash__":123328},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121592,"toc":123280},[121593,121598,121603,121609,121611,121666,121670,121693,121698,121703,121708,121710,121741,121744,121758,121760,121762,121777,121782,121786,121789,121840,121844,121858,121865,121869,121873,121928,121932,121955,121959,122015,122019,122042,122046,122101,122105,122128,122132,122199,122203,122238,122244,122249,122254,122256,122270,122272,122346,122350,122370,122375,122382,122385,122397,122399,122468,122472,122509,122512,122537,122544,122553,122556,122568,122574,122580,122582,122588,122593,122672,122676,122717,122721,122723,122750,122753,122776,122779,122785,122788,122825,122837,122844,122846,122897,122900,122932,122935,122937,122944,122946,122961,122963,123020,123024,123048,123050,123055,123071,123078,123082,123085,123168,123178,123180,123185,123188,123194,123197,123203,123206,123212,123215,123222,123230,123232,123277],[10,121594,3740,121596,3744],{"id":121595},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121597,47827],{},[20,121599,32461,121600,121602],{},[15,121601,47827],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121604,121605,121606,121608],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121607,47827],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[142,121610,2165],{"id":2164},[46,121612,121614],{"className":48,"code":121613,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121615,121616,121624,121638,121642,121652],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121617,121618,121620,121622],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121619,21775],{"class":61},[55,121621,66],{"class":65},[55,121623,45368],{"class":73},[55,121625,121626,121628,121630,121632,121634,121636],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,121627,34829],{"class":61},[55,121629,66],{"class":65},[55,121631,49048],{"class":1898},[55,121633,103],{"class":69},[55,121635,9461],{"class":99},[55,121637,114],{"class":69},[55,121639,121640],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,121641,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,121643,121644,121646,121648,121650],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,121645,121],{"class":120},[55,121647,103],{"class":69},[55,121649,34850],{"class":99},[55,121651,114],{"class":69},[55,121653,121654,121656,121658,121660,121662,121664],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,121655,121],{"class":120},[55,121657,103],{"class":69},[55,121659,1910],{"class":1898},[55,121661,103],{"class":69},[55,121663,34850],{"class":99},[55,121665,1867],{"class":69},[20,121667,121668],{},[1966,121669,302],{},[46,121671,121673],{"className":48,"code":121672,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121674,121675,121679],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121676,121677],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121678,2870],{"class":73},[55,121680,121681,121683,121685,121687,121689,121691],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,121682,3454],{"class":65},[55,121684,3457],{"class":2226},[55,121686,324],{"class":247},[55,121688,3607],{"class":251},[55,121690,315],{"class":247},[55,121692,3466],{"class":65},[20,121694,31,121695,121697],{},[15,121696,47827],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[142,121699,145,121701,148],{"id":121700},"what-str-does",[15,121702,47827],{},[20,121704,121705,121707],{},[15,121706,47827],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121709,2268],{},[155,121711,121712,121719,121726,121733],{},[158,121713,121714,121715,42297,121717],{},"An integer like ",[15,121716,800],{},[15,121718,42268],{},[158,121720,121721,121722,42297,121724],{},"A float like ",[15,121723,40284],{},[15,121725,48238],{},[158,121727,121728,121729,42297,121731],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121730,3769],{},[15,121732,6800],{},[158,121734,121735,121736,42297,121738],{},"A list like ",[15,121737,75228],{},[15,121739,121740],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121742,121743],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[155,121745,121746,121749,121752,121755],{},[158,121747,121748],{},"print it",[158,121750,121751],{},"combine it with other strings",[158,121753,121754],{},"save it to a file",[158,121756,121757],{},"use it in messages",[142,121759,2319],{"id":2318},[20,121761,7378],{},[46,121763,121765],{"className":48,"code":121764,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"str(object)\n",[15,121766,121767],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121768,121769,121771,121773,121775],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121770,3607],{"class":1898},[55,121772,103],{"class":69},[55,121774,42541],{"class":1898},[55,121776,114],{"class":69},[20,121778,341,121779,121781],{},[15,121780,42541],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121783,121784,8386],{},[15,121785,47827],{},[20,121787,121788],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[46,121790,121792],{"className":48,"code":121791,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121793,121794,121803,121826,121830],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121795,121796,121798,121800],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121797,5256],{"class":61},[55,121799,66],{"class":65},[55,121801,121802],{"class":73}," 100\n",[55,121804,121805,121807,121809,121811,121814,121816,121818,121820,121822,121824],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,121806,89989],{"class":61},[55,121808,66],{"class":65},[55,121810,258],{"class":247},[55,121812,121813],{"class":251},"Your score is ",[55,121815,248],{"class":247},[55,121817,2615],{"class":65},[55,121819,49048],{"class":1898},[55,121821,103],{"class":69},[55,121823,85502],{"class":99},[55,121825,114],{"class":69},[55,121827,121828],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,121829,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,121831,121832,121834,121836,121838],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,121833,121],{"class":120},[55,121835,103],{"class":69},[55,121837,90006],{"class":99},[55,121839,114],{"class":69},[20,121841,121842],{},[1966,121843,302],{},[46,121845,121847],{"className":48,"code":121846,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121848,121849],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121850,121851,121854,121856],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121852,121853],{"class":61},"Your score ",[55,121855,12350],{"class":65},[55,121857,121802],{"class":73},[20,121859,2458,121860,121864],{},[36,121861,121862,2465],{"href":2461},[15,121863,2464],{}," can help you check.",[142,121866,121868],{"id":121867},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[577,121870,121872],{"id":121871},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[46,121874,121876],{"className":48,"code":121875,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121877,121878,121886,121900,121904,121914],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121879,121880,121882,121884],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121881,2380],{"class":61},[55,121883,66],{"class":65},[55,121885,2748],{"class":73},[55,121887,121888,121890,121892,121894,121896,121898],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,121889,34829],{"class":61},[55,121891,66],{"class":65},[55,121893,49048],{"class":1898},[55,121895,103],{"class":69},[55,121897,2402],{"class":99},[55,121899,114],{"class":69},[55,121901,121902],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,121903,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,121905,121906,121908,121910,121912],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,121907,121],{"class":120},[55,121909,103],{"class":69},[55,121911,34850],{"class":99},[55,121913,114],{"class":69},[55,121915,121916,121918,121920,121922,121924,121926],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,121917,121],{"class":120},[55,121919,103],{"class":69},[55,121921,1910],{"class":1898},[55,121923,103],{"class":69},[55,121925,34850],{"class":99},[55,121927,1867],{"class":69},[20,121929,121930],{},[1966,121931,302],{},[46,121933,121935],{"className":48,"code":121934,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121936,121937,121941],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121938,121939],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121940,2537],{"class":73},[55,121942,121943,121945,121947,121949,121951,121953],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,121944,3454],{"class":65},[55,121946,3457],{"class":2226},[55,121948,324],{"class":247},[55,121950,3607],{"class":251},[55,121952,315],{"class":247},[55,121954,3466],{"class":65},[577,121956,121958],{"id":121957},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[46,121960,121962],{"className":48,"code":121961,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121963,121964,121973,121987,121991,122001],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121965,121966,121968,121970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121967,40528],{"class":61},[55,121969,66],{"class":65},[55,121971,121972],{"class":73}," 3.14\n",[55,121974,121975,121977,121979,121981,121983,121985],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,121976,34829],{"class":61},[55,121978,66],{"class":65},[55,121980,49048],{"class":1898},[55,121982,103],{"class":69},[55,121984,25294],{"class":99},[55,121986,114],{"class":69},[55,121988,121989],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,121990,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,121992,121993,121995,121997,121999],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,121994,121],{"class":120},[55,121996,103],{"class":69},[55,121998,34850],{"class":99},[55,122000,114],{"class":69},[55,122002,122003,122005,122007,122009,122011,122013],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,122004,121],{"class":120},[55,122006,103],{"class":69},[55,122008,1910],{"class":1898},[55,122010,103],{"class":69},[55,122012,34850],{"class":99},[55,122014,1867],{"class":69},[20,122016,122017],{},[1966,122018,302],{},[46,122020,122022],{"className":48,"code":122021,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122023,122024,122028],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122025,122026],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122027,40318],{"class":73},[55,122029,122030,122032,122034,122036,122038,122040],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,122031,3454],{"class":65},[55,122033,3457],{"class":2226},[55,122035,324],{"class":247},[55,122037,3607],{"class":251},[55,122039,315],{"class":247},[55,122041,3466],{"class":65},[577,122043,122045],{"id":122044},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[46,122047,122049],{"className":48,"code":122048,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122050,122051,122059,122073,122077,122087],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122052,122053,122055,122057],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122054,2608],{"class":61},[55,122056,66],{"class":65},[55,122058,6581],{"class":1312},[55,122060,122061,122063,122065,122067,122069,122071],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,122062,34829],{"class":61},[55,122064,66],{"class":65},[55,122066,49048],{"class":1898},[55,122068,103],{"class":69},[55,122070,2633],{"class":99},[55,122072,114],{"class":69},[55,122074,122075],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,122076,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,122078,122079,122081,122083,122085],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,122080,121],{"class":120},[55,122082,103],{"class":69},[55,122084,34850],{"class":99},[55,122086,114],{"class":69},[55,122088,122089,122091,122093,122095,122097,122099],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,122090,121],{"class":120},[55,122092,103],{"class":69},[55,122094,1910],{"class":1898},[55,122096,103],{"class":69},[55,122098,34850],{"class":99},[55,122100,1867],{"class":69},[20,122102,122103],{},[1966,122104,302],{},[46,122106,122108],{"className":48,"code":122107,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122109,122110,122114],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122111,122112],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122113,4143],{"class":1312},[55,122115,122116,122118,122120,122122,122124,122126],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,122117,3454],{"class":65},[55,122119,3457],{"class":2226},[55,122121,324],{"class":247},[55,122123,3607],{"class":251},[55,122125,315],{"class":247},[55,122127,3466],{"class":65},[577,122129,122131],{"id":122130},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[46,122133,122135],{"className":48,"code":122134,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122136,122137,122157,122171,122175,122185],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122138,122139,122141,122143,122145,122147,122149,122151,122153,122155],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122140,1026],{"class":61},[55,122142,66],{"class":65},[55,122144,70],{"class":69},[55,122146,74],{"class":73},[55,122148,77],{"class":69},[55,122150,80],{"class":73},[55,122152,77],{"class":69},[55,122154,111],{"class":73},[55,122156,88],{"class":69},[55,122158,122159,122161,122163,122165,122167,122169],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,122160,34829],{"class":61},[55,122162,66],{"class":65},[55,122164,49048],{"class":1898},[55,122166,103],{"class":69},[55,122168,1057],{"class":99},[55,122170,114],{"class":69},[55,122172,122173],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,122174,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,122176,122177,122179,122181,122183],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,122178,121],{"class":120},[55,122180,103],{"class":69},[55,122182,34850],{"class":99},[55,122184,114],{"class":69},[55,122186,122187,122189,122191,122193,122195,122197],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,122188,121],{"class":120},[55,122190,103],{"class":69},[55,122192,1910],{"class":1898},[55,122194,103],{"class":69},[55,122196,34850],{"class":99},[55,122198,1867],{"class":69},[20,122200,122201],{},[1966,122202,302],{},[46,122204,122206],{"className":48,"code":122205,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122207,122208,122224],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122209,122210,122212,122214,122216,122218,122220,122222],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122211,312],{"class":69},[55,122213,74],{"class":73},[55,122215,77],{"class":69},[55,122217,80],{"class":73},[55,122219,77],{"class":69},[55,122221,111],{"class":73},[55,122223,88],{"class":69},[55,122225,122226,122228,122230,122232,122234,122236],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,122227,3454],{"class":65},[55,122229,3457],{"class":2226},[55,122231,324],{"class":247},[55,122233,3607],{"class":251},[55,122235,315],{"class":247},[55,122237,3466],{"class":65},[20,122239,122240,122241,122243],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[1966,122242,1968],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[142,122245,1937,122247],{"id":122246},"when-to-use-str",[15,122248,47827],{},[20,122250,31,122251,122253],{},[15,122252,47827],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122255,1947],{},[155,122257,122258,122261,122264,122267],{},[158,122259,122260],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[158,122262,122263],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[158,122265,122266],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[158,122268,122269],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122271,230],{},[46,122273,122275],{"className":48,"code":122274,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122276,122277,122289,122297,122301,122336],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122278,122279,122281,122283,122285,122287],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122280,8037],{"class":61},[55,122282,66],{"class":65},[55,122284,258],{"class":247},[55,122286,11668],{"class":251},[55,122288,3522],{"class":247},[55,122290,122291,122293,122295],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,122292,21775],{"class":61},[55,122294,66],{"class":65},[55,122296,45368],{"class":73},[55,122298,122299],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,122300,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,122302,122303,122305,122307,122309,122311,122313,122315,122317,122319,122321,122323,122325,122327,122329,122331,122334],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,122304,89989],{"class":61},[55,122306,66],{"class":65},[55,122308,36109],{"class":61},[55,122310,2220],{"class":65},[55,122312,258],{"class":247},[55,122314,4944],{"class":251},[55,122316,248],{"class":247},[55,122318,2615],{"class":65},[55,122320,49048],{"class":1898},[55,122322,103],{"class":69},[55,122324,9461],{"class":99},[55,122326,3825],{"class":69},[55,122328,2615],{"class":65},[55,122330,258],{"class":247},[55,122332,122333],{"class":251}," years old.",[55,122335,3522],{"class":247},[55,122337,122338,122340,122342,122344],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,122339,121],{"class":120},[55,122341,103],{"class":69},[55,122343,90006],{"class":99},[55,122345,114],{"class":69},[20,122347,122348],{},[1966,122349,302],{},[46,122351,122353],{"className":48,"code":122352,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122354,122355],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122356,122357,122360,122362,122364,122367],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122358,122359],{"class":61},"Maya ",[55,122361,12350],{"class":65},[55,122363,9468],{"class":73},[55,122365,122366],{"class":61}," years old",[55,122368,122369],{"class":69},".\n",[20,122371,122372,122373,44],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[36,122374,89675],{"href":89674},[142,122376,122378,982,122380],{"id":122377},"str-vs-print",[15,122379,47827],{},[15,122381,46595],{},[20,122383,122384],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[155,122386,122387,122392],{},[158,122388,122389,122391],{},[15,122390,47827],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[158,122393,122394,122396],{},[15,122395,46595],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122398,230],{},[46,122400,122402],{"className":48,"code":122401,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122403,122404,122412,122416,122430,122440,122454],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122405,122406,122408,122410],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122407,2608],{"class":61},[55,122409,66],{"class":65},[55,122411,2930],{"class":73},[55,122413,122414],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,122415,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,122417,122418,122420,122422,122424,122426,122428],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,122419,34829],{"class":61},[55,122421,66],{"class":65},[55,122423,49048],{"class":1898},[55,122425,103],{"class":69},[55,122427,2633],{"class":99},[55,122429,114],{"class":69},[55,122431,122432,122434,122436,122438],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,122433,121],{"class":120},[55,122435,103],{"class":69},[55,122437,34850],{"class":99},[55,122439,114],{"class":69},[55,122441,122442,122444,122446,122448,122450,122452],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,122443,121],{"class":120},[55,122445,103],{"class":69},[55,122447,1910],{"class":1898},[55,122449,103],{"class":69},[55,122451,34850],{"class":99},[55,122453,1867],{"class":69},[55,122455,122456,122458,122460,122462,122464,122466],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,122457,121],{"class":120},[55,122459,103],{"class":69},[55,122461,1910],{"class":1898},[55,122463,103],{"class":69},[55,122465,2633],{"class":99},[55,122467,1867],{"class":69},[20,122469,122470],{},[1966,122471,302],{},[46,122473,122475],{"className":48,"code":122474,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122476,122477,122481,122495],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122478,122479],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122480,46755],{"class":73},[55,122482,122483,122485,122487,122489,122491,122493],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,122484,3454],{"class":65},[55,122486,3457],{"class":2226},[55,122488,324],{"class":247},[55,122490,3607],{"class":251},[55,122492,315],{"class":247},[55,122494,3466],{"class":65},[55,122496,122497,122499,122501,122503,122505,122507],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,122498,3454],{"class":65},[55,122500,3457],{"class":2226},[55,122502,324],{"class":247},[55,122504,2351],{"class":251},[55,122506,315],{"class":247},[55,122508,3466],{"class":65},[20,122510,122511],{},"Notice:",[155,122513,122514,122520,122525],{},[158,122515,122516,122519],{},[15,122517,122518],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[158,122521,122522,122524],{},[15,122523,46595],{}," only displayed values",[158,122526,122527,122529,122530,122532,122533,61425,122535],{},[15,122528,46595],{}," did not change ",[15,122531,2633],{}," from ",[15,122534,2351],{},[15,122536,3607],{},[20,122538,122539,122540,44],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[36,122541,122542,2465],{"href":46592},[15,122543,46595],{},[142,122545,122547,982,122549,122552],{"id":122546},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122548,47827],{},[15,122550,122551],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122554,122555],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[155,122557,122558,122563],{},[158,122559,122560,122562],{},[15,122561,47827],{}," is the more readable text version",[158,122564,122565,122567],{},[15,122566,122551],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122569,122570,122571,122573],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122572,47827],{}," much more often.",[20,122575,122576,122577,122579],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122578,47827],{}," is usually the right choice.",[142,122581,1211],{"id":1210},[577,122583,25918,122585,122587],{"id":122584},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122586,47827],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122589,122590,122592],{},[15,122591,47827],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[46,122594,122596],{"className":48,"code":122595,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122597,122598,122606,122620,122624,122634,122648,122658],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122599,122600,122602,122604],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122601,21775],{"class":61},[55,122603,66],{"class":65},[55,122605,45368],{"class":73},[55,122607,122608,122610,122612,122614,122616,122618],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,122609,34829],{"class":61},[55,122611,66],{"class":65},[55,122613,49048],{"class":1898},[55,122615,103],{"class":69},[55,122617,9461],{"class":99},[55,122619,114],{"class":69},[55,122621,122622],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,122623,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,122625,122626,122628,122630,122632],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,122627,121],{"class":120},[55,122629,103],{"class":69},[55,122631,9461],{"class":99},[55,122633,114],{"class":69},[55,122635,122636,122638,122640,122642,122644,122646],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,122637,121],{"class":120},[55,122639,103],{"class":69},[55,122641,1910],{"class":1898},[55,122643,103],{"class":69},[55,122645,9461],{"class":99},[55,122647,1867],{"class":69},[55,122649,122650,122652,122654,122656],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,122651,121],{"class":120},[55,122653,103],{"class":69},[55,122655,34850],{"class":99},[55,122657,114],{"class":69},[55,122659,122660,122662,122664,122666,122668,122670],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,122661,121],{"class":120},[55,122663,103],{"class":69},[55,122665,1910],{"class":1898},[55,122667,103],{"class":69},[55,122669,34850],{"class":99},[55,122671,1867],{"class":69},[20,122673,122674],{},[1966,122675,302],{},[46,122677,122679],{"className":48,"code":122678,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122680,122681,122685,122699,122703],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122682,122683],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122684,2870],{"class":73},[55,122686,122687,122689,122691,122693,122695,122697],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,122688,3454],{"class":65},[55,122690,3457],{"class":2226},[55,122692,324],{"class":247},[55,122694,2351],{"class":251},[55,122696,315],{"class":247},[55,122698,3466],{"class":65},[55,122700,122701],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,122702,2870],{"class":73},[55,122704,122705,122707,122709,122711,122713,122715],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,122706,3454],{"class":65},[55,122708,3457],{"class":2226},[55,122710,324],{"class":247},[55,122712,3607],{"class":251},[55,122714,315],{"class":247},[55,122716,3466],{"class":65},[577,122718,122720],{"id":122719},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122722,6847],{},[46,122724,122726],{"className":48,"code":122725,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122727,122728,122736],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122729,122730,122732,122734],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122731,21775],{"class":61},[55,122733,66],{"class":65},[55,122735,45368],{"class":73},[55,122737,122738,122740,122742,122744,122746,122748],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,122739,34829],{"class":61},[55,122741,66],{"class":65},[55,122743,49048],{"class":1898},[55,122745,103],{"class":69},[55,122747,9461],{"class":99},[55,122749,114],{"class":69},[20,122751,122752],{},"But if you only do this:",[46,122754,122756],{"className":48,"code":122755,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122757,122758,122766],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122759,122760,122762,122764],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122761,21775],{"class":61},[55,122763,66],{"class":65},[55,122765,45368],{"class":73},[55,122767,122768,122770,122772,122774],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,122769,3607],{"class":1898},[55,122771,103],{"class":69},[55,122773,9461],{"class":99},[55,122775,114],{"class":69},[20,122777,122778],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[577,122780,8578,122782,122784],{"id":122781},"using-str-too-early",[15,122783,47827],{}," too early",[20,122786,122787],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[46,122789,122791],{"className":48,"code":122790,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122792,122793,122801,122816,122820],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122794,122795,122797,122799],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122796,40528],{"class":61},[55,122798,66],{"class":65},[55,122800,2748],{"class":73},[55,122802,122803,122806,122808,122810,122812,122814],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,122804,122805],{"class":61},"text_price ",[55,122807,66],{"class":65},[55,122809,49048],{"class":1898},[55,122811,103],{"class":69},[55,122813,25294],{"class":99},[55,122815,114],{"class":69},[55,122817,122818],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,122819,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,122821,122822],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,122823,122824],{"class":133},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122826,122827,122828,3041,122832,122836],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[36,122829,122830],{"href":3037},[15,122831,3040],{},[36,122833,122834],{"href":3044},[15,122835,3047],{},", depending on the situation.",[577,122838,1553,122840,122843],{"id":122839},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122841,122842],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122845,64768],{},[46,122847,122849],{"className":48,"code":122848,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122850,122851,122883],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122852,122853,122855,122857,122859,122861,122863,122865,122867,122869,122871,122873,122875,122877,122879,122881],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122854,1026],{"class":61},[55,122856,66],{"class":65},[55,122858,70],{"class":69},[55,122860,248],{"class":247},[55,122862,1035],{"class":251},[55,122864,248],{"class":247},[55,122866,77],{"class":69},[55,122868,258],{"class":247},[55,122870,1072],{"class":251},[55,122872,248],{"class":247},[55,122874,77],{"class":69},[55,122876,258],{"class":247},[55,122878,1044],{"class":251},[55,122880,248],{"class":247},[55,122882,88],{"class":69},[55,122884,122885,122887,122889,122891,122893,122895],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,122886,121],{"class":120},[55,122888,103],{"class":69},[55,122890,3607],{"class":1898},[55,122892,103],{"class":69},[55,122894,1057],{"class":99},[55,122896,1867],{"class":69},[20,122898,122899],{},"prints:",[46,122901,122902],{"className":48,"code":72818,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,122903,122904],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122905,122906,122908,122910,122912,122914,122916,122918,122920,122922,122924,122926,122928,122930],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122907,312],{"class":69},[55,122909,315],{"class":247},[55,122911,1035],{"class":251},[55,122913,315],{"class":247},[55,122915,77],{"class":69},[55,122917,324],{"class":247},[55,122919,1072],{"class":251},[55,122921,315],{"class":247},[55,122923,77],{"class":69},[55,122925,324],{"class":247},[55,122927,1044],{"class":251},[55,122929,315],{"class":247},[55,122931,88],{"class":69},[20,122933,122934],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[142,122936,17569],{"id":17568},[20,122938,122939,22122,122941,44],{},[15,122940,47827],{},[1966,122942,122943],{},"new string",[20,122945,11617],{},[155,122947,122948,122951,122954],{},[158,122949,122950],{},"It always returns a string",[158,122952,122953],{},"It does not modify the original object",[158,122955,7924,122956,122960],{},[36,122957,122958],{"href":2461},[15,122959,2464],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122962,230],{},[46,122964,122966],{"className":48,"code":122965,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122967,122968,122976,122991,122995,123006],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122969,122970,122972,122974],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122971,2608],{"class":61},[55,122973,66],{"class":65},[55,122975,1686],{"class":73},[55,122977,122978,122981,122983,122985,122987,122989],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,122979,122980],{"class":61},"converted ",[55,122982,66],{"class":65},[55,122984,49048],{"class":1898},[55,122986,103],{"class":69},[55,122988,2633],{"class":99},[55,122990,114],{"class":69},[55,122992,122993],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,122994,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,122996,122997,122999,123001,123004],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,122998,121],{"class":120},[55,123000,103],{"class":69},[55,123002,123003],{"class":99},"converted",[55,123005,114],{"class":69},[55,123007,123008,123010,123012,123014,123016,123018],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,123009,121],{"class":120},[55,123011,103],{"class":69},[55,123013,1910],{"class":1898},[55,123015,103],{"class":69},[55,123017,123003],{"class":99},[55,123019,1867],{"class":69},[20,123021,123022],{},[1966,123023,302],{},[46,123025,123027],{"className":48,"code":123026,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123028,123029,123034],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123030,123031],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123032,123033],{"class":73},"99\n",[55,123035,123036,123038,123040,123042,123044,123046],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,123037,3454],{"class":65},[55,123039,3457],{"class":2226},[55,123041,324],{"class":247},[55,123043,3607],{"class":251},[55,123045,315],{"class":247},[55,123047,3466],{"class":65},[142,123049,113709],{"id":113708},[20,123051,123052,123053,74797],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123054,47827],{},[155,123056,123057,123060,123063,123068],{},[158,123058,123059],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[158,123061,123062],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[158,123064,8578,123065,123067],{},[15,123066,47827],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[158,123069,123070],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123072,123073,123074,44],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[36,123075,25824,123076],{"href":90387},[15,123077,90388],{},[142,123079,123081],{"id":123080},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123083,123084],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[46,123086,123088],{"className":48,"code":123087,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123089,123090,123098,123102,123112,123126,123130,123144,123154],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123091,123092,123094,123096],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123093,2608],{"class":61},[55,123095,66],{"class":65},[55,123097,45368],{"class":73},[55,123099,123100],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,123101,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,123103,123104,123106,123108,123110],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,123105,121],{"class":120},[55,123107,103],{"class":69},[55,123109,2633],{"class":99},[55,123111,114],{"class":69},[55,123113,123114,123116,123118,123120,123122,123124],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,123115,121],{"class":120},[55,123117,103],{"class":69},[55,123119,1910],{"class":1898},[55,123121,103],{"class":69},[55,123123,2633],{"class":99},[55,123125,1867],{"class":69},[55,123127,123128],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,123129,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,123131,123132,123134,123136,123138,123140,123142],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,123133,122980],{"class":61},[55,123135,66],{"class":65},[55,123137,49048],{"class":1898},[55,123139,103],{"class":69},[55,123141,2633],{"class":99},[55,123143,114],{"class":69},[55,123145,123146,123148,123150,123152],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,123147,121],{"class":120},[55,123149,103],{"class":69},[55,123151,123003],{"class":99},[55,123153,114],{"class":69},[55,123155,123156,123158,123160,123162,123164,123166],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,123157,121],{"class":120},[55,123159,103],{"class":69},[55,123161,1910],{"class":1898},[55,123163,103],{"class":69},[55,123165,123003],{"class":99},[55,123167,1867],{"class":69},[20,123169,123170,123171,2352,123173,123175,123176,44],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123172,2351],{},[15,123174,2355],{},", or another type into ",[15,123177,3607],{},[142,123179,1986],{"id":1985},[577,123181,5303,123183,5306],{"id":123182},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123184,47827],{},[20,123186,123187],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[577,123189,1990,123191,123193],{"id":123190},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123192,47827],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123195,123196],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[577,123198,2009,123200,123202],{"id":123199},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123201,47827],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123204,123205],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[577,123207,94573,123209,123211],{"id":123208},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123210,47827],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123213,123214],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[577,123216,15052,123218,57329,123220,2027],{"id":123217},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123219,47827],{},[15,123221,46595],{},[20,123223,46508,123224,123226,123227,123229],{},[15,123225,47827],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123228,46595],{}," shows output.",[142,123231,2039],{"id":2038},[155,123233,123234,123240,123246,123252,123258,123267,123271],{},[158,123235,123236],{},[36,123237,123238,3673],{"href":46592},[15,123239,46595],{},[158,123241,123242],{},[36,123243,123244,3673],{"href":2461},[15,123245,2464],{},[158,123247,123248],{},[36,123249,123250,3673],{"href":3037},[15,123251,3040],{},[158,123253,123254],{},[36,123255,123256,3673],{"href":3044},[15,123257,3047],{},[158,123259,123260],{},[36,123261,123263,123264,123266],{"href":123262},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123265,2351],{}," to string in Python",[158,123268,123269],{},[36,123270,90665],{"href":89674},[158,123272,123273],{},[36,123274,2074,123275],{"href":90387},[15,123276,90388],{},[2080,123278,123279],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":123281},[123282,123283,123285,123286,123292,123294,123296,123298,123307,123308,123309,123310,123322],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":121700,"depth":91,"text":123284},"What str() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":121867,"depth":91,"text":121868,"children":123287},[123288,123289,123290,123291],{"id":121871,"depth":117,"text":121872},{"id":121957,"depth":117,"text":121958},{"id":122044,"depth":117,"text":122045},{"id":122130,"depth":117,"text":122131},{"id":122246,"depth":91,"text":123293},"When to use str()",{"id":122377,"depth":91,"text":123295},"str() vs print()",{"id":122546,"depth":91,"text":123297},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":123299},[123300,123302,123303,123305],{"id":122584,"depth":117,"text":123301},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122719,"depth":117,"text":122720},{"id":122781,"depth":117,"text":123304},"Using str() too early",{"id":122839,"depth":117,"text":123306},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17568,"depth":91,"text":17569},{"id":113708,"depth":91,"text":113709},{"id":123080,"depth":91,"text":123081},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":123311},[123312,123314,123316,123318,123320],{"id":123182,"depth":117,"text":123313},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123190,"depth":117,"text":123315},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123199,"depth":117,"text":123317},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123208,"depth":117,"text":123319},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123217,"depth":117,"text":123321},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42318,"description":123323},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123330,"title":123331,"body":123332,"description":124785,"extension":2124,"meta":124786,"navigation":428,"path":124787,"seo":124788,"stem":124789,"__hash__":124790},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123333,"toc":124747},[123334,123340,123346,123349,123371,123373,123435,123437,123450,123456,123461,123466,123468,123481,123492,123494,123521,123523,123540,123547,123558,123560,123565,123567,123579,123587,123596,123598,123601,123654,123656,123664,123672,123676,123681,123721,123723,123731,123734,123736,123776,123778,123786,123796,123802,123805,123878,123880,123893,123897,123902,123930,123933,123968,123970,123978,123981,123985,123989,123991,124007,124009,124049,124051,124059,124068,124111,124113,124121,124123,124127,124133,124136,124176,124178,124186,124191,124194,124237,124241,124244,124279,124284,124286,124325,124335,124343,124353,124361,124365,124370,124372,124413,124415,124423,124428,124431,124434,124452,124458,124462,124467,124470,124510,124512,124517,124616,124619,124635,124637,124656,124658,124665,124668,124674,124677,124683,124687,124693,124696,124702,124705,124707,124744],[10,123335,123337,123338,18],{"id":123336},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123339,57413],{},[20,123341,123342,123343,123345],{},"The Python string ",[15,123344,57413],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123347,123348],{},"This reference page explains:",[155,123350,123351,123355,123358,123360,123368],{},[158,123352,26163,123353,148],{},[15,123354,57413],{},[158,123356,123357],{},"its syntax",[158,123359,35536],{},[158,123361,123362,123363,352,123365,123367],{},"how ",[15,123364,36213],{},[15,123366,52804],{}," work",[158,123369,123370],{},"common beginner mistakes",[142,123372,2165],{"id":2164},[46,123374,123376],{"className":48,"code":123375,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123377,123378,123390,123412],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123379,123380,123382,123384,123386,123388],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123381,34829],{"class":61},[55,123383,66],{"class":65},[55,123385,258],{"class":247},[55,123387,1072],{"class":251},[55,123389,3522],{"class":247},[55,123391,123392,123394,123396,123398,123400,123402,123404,123406,123408,123410],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,123393,121],{"class":120},[55,123395,103],{"class":69},[55,123397,34850],{"class":99},[55,123399,44],{"class":69},[55,123401,41401],{"class":99},[55,123403,103],{"class":69},[55,123405,248],{"class":247},[55,123407,36],{"class":251},[55,123409,248],{"class":247},[55,123411,1867],{"class":69},[55,123413,123414,123416,123418,123420,123422,123424,123426,123428,123431,123433],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,123415,121],{"class":120},[55,123417,103],{"class":69},[55,123419,34850],{"class":99},[55,123421,44],{"class":69},[55,123423,41401],{"class":99},[55,123425,103],{"class":69},[55,123427,248],{"class":247},[55,123429,123430],{"class":251},"na",[55,123432,248],{"class":247},[55,123434,1867],{"class":69},[20,123436,302],{},[46,123438,123440],{"className":48,"code":123439,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3\n2\n",[15,123441,123442,123446],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123443,123444],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123445,46760],{"class":73},[55,123447,123448],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,123449,17206],{"class":73},[20,123451,31,123452,123455],{},[15,123453,123454],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[142,123457,13152,123459,13155],{"id":123458},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123460,57413],{},[20,123462,123463,123465],{},[15,123464,57413],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123467,13208],{},[155,123469,123470,123473,123476,123478],{},[158,123471,123472],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[158,123474,123475],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[158,123477,43800],{},[158,123479,123480],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123482,123483,123484,123486,123487,2352,123489,123491],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123485,351],{}," characters are in ",[15,123488,65399],{},[15,123490,57413],{}," is a simple choice.",[142,123493,2319],{"id":2318},[46,123495,123497],{"className":48,"code":123496,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123498,123499],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123500,123501,123503,123505,123507,123509,123511,123513,123515,123517,123519],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123502,61298],{"class":61},[55,123504,44],{"class":69},[55,123506,41401],{"class":99},[55,123508,103],{"class":69},[55,123510,2633],{"class":99},[55,123512,77],{"class":69},[55,123514,36192],{"class":99},[55,123516,77],{"class":69},[55,123518,65165],{"class":99},[55,123520,114],{"class":69},[577,123522,17545],{"id":17544},[155,123524,123525,123530,123535],{},[158,123526,123527,123529],{},[15,123528,2633],{},": the text to search for",[158,123531,123532,123534],{},[15,123533,36213],{},": optional; where counting begins",[158,123536,123537,123539],{},[15,123538,52804],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123541,123542,352,123544,123546],{},[15,123543,36213],{},[15,123545,52804],{}," work like slice positions:",[155,123548,123549,123554],{},[158,123550,123551,123553],{},[15,123552,36213],{}," is included",[158,123555,123556,75723],{},[15,123557,52804],{},[142,123559,17569],{"id":17568},[20,123561,123562,123564],{},[15,123563,57413],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123566,2286],{},[155,123568,123569,123574],{},[158,123570,123571,123572],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123573,2223],{},[158,123575,123576,123577],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123578,227],{},[20,123580,41047,123581,5322,123583,3041,123585,44],{},[1966,123582,1968],{},[15,123584,3769],{},[15,123586,3838],{},[20,123588,123589,123590,123595],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[36,123591,123593,101583],{"href":123592},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123594,4047],{}," is often a better fit.",[142,123597,11634],{"id":11633},[20,123599,123600],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[46,123602,123604],{"className":48,"code":123603,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123605,123606,123618,123640,123644],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123607,123608,123610,123612,123614,123616],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123609,34829],{"class":61},[55,123611,66],{"class":65},[55,123613,258],{"class":247},[55,123615,1035],{"class":251},[55,123617,3522],{"class":247},[55,123619,123620,123622,123624,123626,123628,123630,123632,123634,123636,123638],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,123621,1255],{"class":61},[55,123623,66],{"class":65},[55,123625,42984],{"class":61},[55,123627,44],{"class":69},[55,123629,41401],{"class":99},[55,123631,103],{"class":69},[55,123633,248],{"class":247},[55,123635,20],{"class":251},[55,123637,248],{"class":247},[55,123639,114],{"class":69},[55,123641,123642],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,123643,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,123645,123646,123648,123650,123652],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,123647,121],{"class":120},[55,123649,103],{"class":69},[55,123651,1288],{"class":99},[55,123653,114],{"class":69},[20,123655,302],{},[46,123657,123658],{"className":48,"code":17206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,123659,123660],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123661,123662],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123663,17206],{"class":73},[20,123665,63944,123666,123669,123670,44],{},[15,123667,123668],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123671,57956],{},[142,123673,123675],{"id":123674},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123677,123678,123680],{},[15,123679,57413],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[46,123682,123684],{"className":48,"code":123683,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123685,123686,123699],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123687,123688,123690,123692,123694,123697],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123689,34829],{"class":61},[55,123691,66],{"class":65},[55,123693,258],{"class":247},[55,123695,123696],{"class":251},"cat dog cat bird cat",[55,123698,3522],{"class":247},[55,123700,123701,123703,123705,123707,123709,123711,123713,123715,123717,123719],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,123702,121],{"class":120},[55,123704,103],{"class":69},[55,123706,34850],{"class":99},[55,123708,44],{"class":69},[55,123710,41401],{"class":99},[55,123712,103],{"class":69},[55,123714,248],{"class":247},[55,123716,37186],{"class":251},[55,123718,248],{"class":247},[55,123720,1867],{"class":69},[20,123722,302],{},[46,123724,123725],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,123726,123727],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123728,123729],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123730,46760],{"class":73},[20,123732,123733],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123735,230],{},[46,123737,123739],{"className":48,"code":123738,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123740,123741,123754],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123742,123743,123745,123747,123749,123752],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123744,34829],{"class":61},[55,123746,66],{"class":65},[55,123748,258],{"class":247},[55,123750,123751],{"class":251},"one One one",[55,123753,3522],{"class":247},[55,123755,123756,123758,123760,123762,123764,123766,123768,123770,123772,123774],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,123757,121],{"class":120},[55,123759,103],{"class":69},[55,123761,34850],{"class":99},[55,123763,44],{"class":69},[55,123765,41401],{"class":99},[55,123767,103],{"class":69},[55,123769,248],{"class":247},[55,123771,6744],{"class":251},[55,123773,248],{"class":247},[55,123775,1867],{"class":69},[20,123777,302],{},[46,123779,123780],{"className":48,"code":17206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,123781,123782],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123783,123784],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123785,17206],{"class":73},[20,123787,123788,123789,123792,123793,123795],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123790,123791],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123794,57413],{}," is case-sensitive.",[142,123797,8578,123798,352,123800],{"id":65531},[15,123799,36213],{},[15,123801,52804],{},[20,123803,123804],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[46,123806,123808],{"className":48,"code":123807,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123809,123810,123822,123848],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123811,123812,123814,123816,123818,123820],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123813,34829],{"class":61},[55,123815,66],{"class":65},[55,123817,258],{"class":247},[55,123819,1072],{"class":251},[55,123821,3522],{"class":247},[55,123823,123824,123826,123828,123830,123832,123834,123836,123838,123840,123842,123844,123846],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,123825,121],{"class":120},[55,123827,103],{"class":69},[55,123829,34850],{"class":99},[55,123831,44],{"class":69},[55,123833,41401],{"class":99},[55,123835,103],{"class":69},[55,123837,248],{"class":247},[55,123839,36],{"class":251},[55,123841,248],{"class":247},[55,123843,77],{"class":69},[55,123845,80],{"class":73},[55,123847,1867],{"class":69},[55,123849,123850,123852,123854,123856,123858,123860,123862,123864,123866,123868,123870,123872,123874,123876],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,123851,121],{"class":120},[55,123853,103],{"class":69},[55,123855,34850],{"class":99},[55,123857,44],{"class":69},[55,123859,41401],{"class":99},[55,123861,103],{"class":69},[55,123863,248],{"class":247},[55,123865,36],{"class":251},[55,123867,248],{"class":247},[55,123869,77],{"class":69},[55,123871,80],{"class":73},[55,123873,77],{"class":69},[55,123875,4766],{"class":73},[55,123877,1867],{"class":69},[20,123879,302],{},[46,123881,123883],{"className":48,"code":123882,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"2\n1\n",[15,123884,123885,123889],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123886,123887],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123888,17206],{"class":73},[55,123890,123891],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,123892,47060],{"class":73},[577,123894,123896],{"id":123895},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123898,123899,123900,153],{},"In ",[15,123901,65399],{},[155,123903,123904,123912,123920],{},[158,123905,70947,123906,123908,123909],{},[15,123907,106],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123910,123911],{},"\"n\"",[158,123913,123914,123917,123918,76021],{},[15,123915,123916],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123919,106],{},[158,123921,123922,123917,123925,123927,123928],{},[15,123923,123924],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123926,106],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123929,2297],{},[20,123931,123932],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[46,123934,123936],{"className":48,"code":123935,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123937,123938,123950],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123939,123940,123942,123944,123946,123948],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123941,34829],{"class":61},[55,123943,66],{"class":65},[55,123945,258],{"class":247},[55,123947,1072],{"class":251},[55,123949,3522],{"class":247},[55,123951,123952,123954,123956,123958,123960,123962,123964,123966],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,123953,121],{"class":120},[55,123955,103],{"class":69},[55,123957,34850],{"class":99},[55,123959,312],{"class":69},[55,123961,106],{"class":73},[55,123963,153],{"class":69},[55,123965,2297],{"class":73},[55,123967,1777],{"class":69},[20,123969,302],{},[46,123971,123972],{"className":48,"code":41610,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,123973,123974],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123975,123976],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123977,41610],{"class":61},[20,123979,123980],{},"Only that section is searched.",[142,123982,123984],{"id":123983},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123986,123987,123795],{},[15,123988,57413],{},[20,123990,2268],{},[155,123992,123993,124001],{},[158,123994,123995,352,123997,124000],{},[15,123996,351],{},[15,123998,123999],{},"\"A\""," are different",[158,124002,124003,352,124005,124000],{},[15,124004,64659],{},[15,124006,90400],{},[20,124008,230],{},[46,124010,124012],{"className":48,"code":124011,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124013,124014,124027],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124015,124016,124018,124020,124022,124025],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124017,34829],{"class":61},[55,124019,66],{"class":65},[55,124021,258],{"class":247},[55,124023,124024],{"class":251},"Apple apple APPLE",[55,124026,3522],{"class":247},[55,124028,124029,124031,124033,124035,124037,124039,124041,124043,124045,124047],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,124030,121],{"class":120},[55,124032,103],{"class":69},[55,124034,34850],{"class":99},[55,124036,44],{"class":69},[55,124038,41401],{"class":99},[55,124040,103],{"class":69},[55,124042,248],{"class":247},[55,124044,1035],{"class":251},[55,124046,248],{"class":247},[55,124048,1867],{"class":69},[20,124050,302],{},[46,124052,124053],{"className":48,"code":47060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,124054,124055],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124056,124057],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124058,47060],{"class":73},[20,124060,124061,124062,153],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[36,124063,124065],{"href":124064},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124066,124067],{},"lower()",[46,124069,124071],{"className":48,"code":124070,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124072,124073,124085],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124074,124075,124077,124079,124081,124083],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124076,34829],{"class":61},[55,124078,66],{"class":65},[55,124080,258],{"class":247},[55,124082,124024],{"class":251},[55,124084,3522],{"class":247},[55,124086,124087,124089,124091,124093,124095,124097,124099,124101,124103,124105,124107,124109],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,124088,121],{"class":120},[55,124090,103],{"class":69},[55,124092,34850],{"class":99},[55,124094,44],{"class":69},[55,124096,8801],{"class":99},[55,124098,8798],{"class":69},[55,124100,41401],{"class":99},[55,124102,103],{"class":69},[55,124104,248],{"class":247},[55,124106,1035],{"class":251},[55,124108,248],{"class":247},[55,124110,1867],{"class":69},[20,124112,302],{},[46,124114,124115],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,124116,124117],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124118,124119],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124120,46760],{"class":73},[142,124122,2992],{"id":2991},[20,124124,23240,124125,44],{},[15,124126,57413],{},[577,124128,1553,124130,124132],{"id":124129},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124131,57413],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124134,124135],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[46,124137,124139],{"className":48,"code":124138,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124140,124141,124154],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124142,124143,124145,124147,124149,124152],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124144,34829],{"class":61},[55,124146,66],{"class":65},[55,124148,258],{"class":247},[55,124150,124151],{"class":251},"Aardvark",[55,124153,3522],{"class":247},[55,124155,124156,124158,124160,124162,124164,124166,124168,124170,124172,124174],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,124157,121],{"class":120},[55,124159,103],{"class":69},[55,124161,34850],{"class":99},[55,124163,44],{"class":69},[55,124165,41401],{"class":99},[55,124167,103],{"class":69},[55,124169,248],{"class":247},[55,124171,36],{"class":251},[55,124173,248],{"class":247},[55,124175,1867],{"class":69},[20,124177,302],{},[46,124179,124180],{"className":48,"code":17206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,124181,124182],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124183,124184],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124185,17206],{"class":73},[20,124187,123788,124188,124190],{},[15,124189,123999],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124192,124193],{},"If needed, convert first:",[46,124195,124197],{"className":48,"code":124196,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124198,124199,124211],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124200,124201,124203,124205,124207,124209],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124202,34829],{"class":61},[55,124204,66],{"class":65},[55,124206,258],{"class":247},[55,124208,124151],{"class":251},[55,124210,3522],{"class":247},[55,124212,124213,124215,124217,124219,124221,124223,124225,124227,124229,124231,124233,124235],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,124214,121],{"class":120},[55,124216,103],{"class":69},[55,124218,34850],{"class":99},[55,124220,44],{"class":69},[55,124222,8801],{"class":99},[55,124224,8798],{"class":69},[55,124226,41401],{"class":99},[55,124228,103],{"class":69},[55,124230,248],{"class":247},[55,124232,36],{"class":251},[55,124234,248],{"class":247},[55,124236,1867],{"class":69},[577,124238,124240],{"id":124239},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124242,124243],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[46,124245,124247],{"className":48,"code":124246,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124248,124249,124261],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124250,124251,124253,124255,124257,124259],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124252,34829],{"class":61},[55,124254,66],{"class":65},[55,124256,258],{"class":247},[55,124258,1072],{"class":251},[55,124260,3522],{"class":247},[55,124262,124263,124265,124267,124269,124271,124273,124275,124277],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,124264,121],{"class":120},[55,124266,103],{"class":69},[55,124268,34850],{"class":99},[55,124270,44],{"class":69},[55,124272,41401],{"class":99},[55,124274,103],{"class":69},[55,124276,36],{"class":99},[55,124278,1867],{"class":69},[20,124280,124281,124282,44],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124283,36],{},[20,124285,10967],{},[46,124287,124289],{"className":48,"code":124288,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124290,124291,124303],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124292,124293,124295,124297,124299,124301],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124294,34829],{"class":61},[55,124296,66],{"class":65},[55,124298,258],{"class":247},[55,124300,1072],{"class":251},[55,124302,3522],{"class":247},[55,124304,124305,124307,124309,124311,124313,124315,124317,124319,124321,124323],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,124306,121],{"class":120},[55,124308,103],{"class":69},[55,124310,34850],{"class":99},[55,124312,44],{"class":69},[55,124314,41401],{"class":99},[55,124316,103],{"class":69},[55,124318,248],{"class":247},[55,124320,36],{"class":251},[55,124322,248],{"class":247},[55,124324,1867],{"class":69},[577,124326,37343,124328,8866,124330,3041,124333],{"id":124327},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124329,57413],{},[15,124331,124332],{},"find()",[15,124334,59091],{},[20,124336,31,124337,124339,124340,44],{},[15,124338,57413],{}," when you need the ",[1966,124341,124342],{},"number of matches",[20,124344,31,124345,124339,124350,124352],{},[36,124346,124348],{"href":124347},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124349,124332],{},[1966,124351,65071],{}," of the first match.",[20,124354,31,124355,124360],{},[36,124356,124358],{"href":124357},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124359,59091],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[577,124362,124364],{"id":124363},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124366,124367,124369],{},[15,124368,57413],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124371,230],{},[46,124373,124375],{"className":48,"code":124374,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124376,124377,124390],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124378,124379,124381,124383,124385,124388],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124380,34829],{"class":61},[55,124382,66],{"class":65},[55,124384,258],{"class":247},[55,124386,124387],{"class":251},"aaaa",[55,124389,3522],{"class":247},[55,124391,124392,124394,124396,124398,124400,124402,124404,124406,124409,124411],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,124393,121],{"class":120},[55,124395,103],{"class":69},[55,124397,34850],{"class":99},[55,124399,44],{"class":69},[55,124401,41401],{"class":99},[55,124403,103],{"class":69},[55,124405,248],{"class":247},[55,124407,124408],{"class":251},"aa",[55,124410,248],{"class":247},[55,124412,1867],{"class":69},[20,124414,302],{},[46,124416,124417],{"className":48,"code":17206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,124418,124419],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124420,124421],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124422,17206],{"class":73},[20,124424,124425,124426,44],{},"It does not return ",[15,124427,2223],{},[20,124429,124430],{},"Why not?",[20,124432,124433],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[155,124435,124436,124445],{},[158,124437,124438,124441,124442],{},[15,124439,124440],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124443,124444],{},"0-1",[158,124446,124447,124441,124449],{},[15,124448,124440],{},[15,124450,124451],{},"2-3",[20,124453,124454,124455,44],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124456,124457],{},"1-2",[142,124459,1937,124460],{"id":58496},[15,124461,57413],{},[20,124463,31,124464,124466],{},[15,124465,57413],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124468,124469],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[155,124471,124472,124481,124491,124501],{},[158,124473,31,124474,124476,124477,124480],{},[15,124475,57413],{}," when you need ",[1966,124478,124479],{},"how many times"," something appears",[158,124482,31,124483,124476,124487,124490],{},[36,124484,124485],{"href":124347},[15,124486,124332],{},[1966,124488,124489],{},"where"," it appears",[158,124492,47954,124493,124497,124498],{},[36,124494,124495,101583],{"href":123592},[15,124496,4047],{}," when you only need to know ",[1966,124499,124500],{},"if it exists",[158,124502,31,124503,124509],{},[36,124504,124506],{"href":124505},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124507,124508],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[142,124511,26086],{"id":26085},[20,124513,1833,124514,124516],{},[15,124515,57413],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[46,124518,124520],{"className":48,"code":124519,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124521,124522,124532,124546,124568,124594],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124523,124524,124526,124528,124530],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124525,121],{"class":120},[55,124527,103],{"class":69},[55,124529,34850],{"class":99},[55,124531,114],{"class":69},[55,124533,124534,124536,124538,124540,124542,124544],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,124535,121],{"class":120},[55,124537,103],{"class":69},[55,124539,1910],{"class":1898},[55,124541,103],{"class":69},[55,124543,34850],{"class":99},[55,124545,1867],{"class":69},[55,124547,124548,124550,124552,124554,124556,124558,124560,124562,124564,124566],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,124549,121],{"class":120},[55,124551,103],{"class":69},[55,124553,34850],{"class":99},[55,124555,44],{"class":69},[55,124557,41401],{"class":99},[55,124559,103],{"class":69},[55,124561,248],{"class":247},[55,124563,36],{"class":251},[55,124565,248],{"class":247},[55,124567,1867],{"class":69},[55,124569,124570,124572,124574,124576,124578,124580,124582,124584,124586,124588,124590,124592],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,124571,121],{"class":120},[55,124573,103],{"class":69},[55,124575,34850],{"class":99},[55,124577,44],{"class":69},[55,124579,8801],{"class":99},[55,124581,8798],{"class":69},[55,124583,41401],{"class":99},[55,124585,103],{"class":69},[55,124587,248],{"class":247},[55,124589,36],{"class":251},[55,124591,248],{"class":247},[55,124593,1867],{"class":69},[55,124595,124596,124598,124600,124602,124604,124606,124608,124610,124612,124614],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,124597,121],{"class":120},[55,124599,103],{"class":69},[55,124601,34850],{"class":99},[55,124603,44],{"class":69},[55,124605,41401],{"class":99},[55,124607,103],{"class":69},[55,124609,248],{"class":247},[55,124611,123430],{"class":251},[55,124613,248],{"class":247},[55,124615,1867],{"class":69},[20,124617,124618],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[155,124620,124621,124624,124629,124632],{},[158,124622,124623],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[158,124625,124626,124628],{},[15,124627,34850],{}," not being a string",[158,124630,124631],{},"counting the wrong substring",[158,124633,124634],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124636,58985],{},[155,124638,124639,124642,124645,124648],{},[158,124640,124641],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[158,124643,124644],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[158,124646,124647],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[158,124649,50636,124650,44772,124652,3041,124654,73293],{},[15,124651,57413],{},[15,124653,124332],{},[15,124655,4047],{},[142,124657,1986],{"id":1985},[577,124659,124661,124662,124664],{"id":124660},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124663,57413],{}," change the original string?",[20,124666,124667],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[577,124669,15052,124671,124673],{"id":124670},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124672,57413],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124675,124676],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[577,124678,5303,124680,124682],{"id":124679},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124681,57413],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124684,5309,124685,44],{},[15,124686,227],{},[577,124688,2009,124690,124692],{"id":124689},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124691,57413],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124694,124695],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[577,124697,1990,124699,124701],{"id":124698},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124700,57413],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124703,124704],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[142,124706,2039],{"id":2038},[155,124708,124709,124716,124723,124730,124737],{},[158,124710,124711],{},[36,124712,124713],{"href":124347},[15,124714,124715],{},"Python string find() method",[158,124717,124718],{},[36,124719,124720],{"href":124357},[15,124721,124722],{},"Python string index() method",[158,124724,124725],{},[36,124726,124727],{"href":124064},[15,124728,124729],{},"Python string lower() method",[158,124731,124732],{},[36,124733,124734],{"href":123592},[15,124735,124736],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[158,124738,124739],{},[36,124740,124741],{"href":124505},[15,124742,124743],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2080,124745,124746],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":124748},[124749,124750,124752,124755,124756,124757,124758,124761,124762,124770,124771,124772,124784],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":123458,"depth":91,"text":124751},"What the count() method does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319,"children":124753},[124754],{"id":17544,"depth":117,"text":17545},{"id":17568,"depth":91,"text":17569},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":123674,"depth":91,"text":123675},{"id":65531,"depth":91,"text":66313,"children":124759},[124760],{"id":123895,"depth":117,"text":123896},{"id":123983,"depth":91,"text":123984},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":124763},[124764,124766,124767,124769],{"id":124129,"depth":117,"text":124765},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124239,"depth":117,"text":124240},{"id":124327,"depth":117,"text":124768},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124363,"depth":117,"text":124364},{"id":58496,"depth":91,"text":59127},{"id":26085,"depth":91,"text":26086},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":124773},[124774,124776,124778,124780,124782],{"id":124660,"depth":117,"text":124775},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124670,"depth":117,"text":124777},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124679,"depth":117,"text":124779},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124689,"depth":117,"text":124781},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124698,"depth":117,"text":124783},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123331,"description":124785},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124792,"title":124793,"body":124794,"description":126379,"extension":2124,"meta":126380,"navigation":428,"path":126381,"seo":126382,"stem":126383,"__hash__":126384},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124795,"toc":126352},[124796,124799,124802,124899,124908,124910,124929,124933,124936,124939,124952,124955,124984,124989,124994,125052,125054,125087,125093,125097,125100,125103,125132,125135,125162,125165,125168,125172,125175,125182,125245,125247,125265,125268,125272,125275,125278,125320,125323,125367,125370,125373,125377,125382,125385,125428,125430,125453,125456,125489,125492,125541,125551,125555,125558,125561,125590,125593,125604,125606,125665,125668,125672,125675,125678,125693,125702,125705,125739,125742,125769,125772,125779,125781,125784,125786,125789,125803,125812,125814,125841,125845,125848,125862,125865,125924,125928,125931,125958,125961,125988,125996,125999,126059,126061,126094,126098,126101,126120,126125,126174,126179,126181,126184,126243,126261,126263,126267,126275,126279,126282,126286,126292,126296,126306,126310,126313,126315,126349],[10,124797,124793],{"id":124798},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124800,124801],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[46,124803,124805],{"className":48,"code":124804,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124806,124807,124819,124831,124840,124854,124858,124868,124878,124889],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124808,124809,124811,124813,124815,124817],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124810,8037],{"class":61},[55,124812,66],{"class":65},[55,124814,258],{"class":247},[55,124816,5164],{"class":251},[55,124818,3522],{"class":247},[55,124820,124821,124823,124825,124827,124829],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,124822,89989],{"class":61},[55,124824,66],{"class":65},[55,124826,324],{"class":247},[55,124828,35009],{"class":251},[55,124830,29844],{"class":247},[55,124832,124833,124836,124838],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,124834,124835],{"class":61},"empty ",[55,124837,66],{"class":65},[55,124839,8042],{"class":247},[55,124841,124842,124844,124846,124848,124850,124852],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,124843,34829],{"class":61},[55,124845,66],{"class":65},[55,124847,49048],{"class":1898},[55,124849,103],{"class":69},[55,124851,50390],{"class":73},[55,124853,114],{"class":69},[55,124855,124856],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,124857,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,124859,124860,124862,124864,124866],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,124861,121],{"class":120},[55,124863,103],{"class":69},[55,124865,7829],{"class":99},[55,124867,114],{"class":69},[55,124869,124870,124872,124874,124876],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,124871,121],{"class":120},[55,124873,103],{"class":69},[55,124875,90006],{"class":99},[55,124877,114],{"class":69},[55,124879,124880,124882,124884,124887],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,124881,121],{"class":120},[55,124883,103],{"class":69},[55,124885,124886],{"class":99},"empty",[55,124888,114],{"class":69},[55,124890,124891,124893,124895,124897],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,124892,121],{"class":120},[55,124894,103],{"class":69},[55,124896,34850],{"class":99},[55,124898,114],{"class":69},[20,124900,124901,124904,124905,124907],{},[1966,124902,124903],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124906,47827],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[142,124909,15312],{"id":15311},[155,124911,124912,124915,124918,124921,124926],{},[158,124913,124914],{},"What a string is in Python",[158,124916,124917],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[158,124919,124920],{},"How to create an empty string",[158,124922,124923,124924],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124925,47827],{},[158,124927,124928],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[142,124930,124932],{"id":124931},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124934,124935],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124937,124938],{},"Strings can contain:",[155,124940,124941,124944,124946,124949],{},[158,124942,124943],{},"Letters",[158,124945,56588],{},[158,124947,124948],{},"Spaces",[158,124950,124951],{},"Symbols",[20,124953,124954],{},"Examples of strings:",[46,124956,124958],{"className":48,"code":124957,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124959,124960,124968,124976],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124961,124962,124964,124966],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124963,248],{"class":43470},[55,124965,4009],{"class":43474},[55,124967,3522],{"class":43470},[55,124969,124970,124972,124974],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,124971,248],{"class":43470},[55,124973,50390],{"class":43474},[55,124975,3522],{"class":43470},[55,124977,124978,124980,124982],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,124979,248],{"class":43470},[55,124981,89131],{"class":43474},[55,124983,3522],{"class":43470},[20,124985,21124,124986,124988],{},[15,124987,50440],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124990,124991,124992,153],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124993,2464],{},[46,124995,124997],{"className":48,"code":124996,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124998,124999,125011,125020,125024,125038],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125000,125001,125003,125005,125007,125009],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125002,34829],{"class":61},[55,125004,66],{"class":65},[55,125006,258],{"class":247},[55,125008,50390],{"class":251},[55,125010,3522],{"class":247},[55,125012,125013,125015,125017],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125014,2380],{"class":61},[55,125016,66],{"class":65},[55,125018,125019],{"class":73}," 123\n",[55,125021,125022],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,125023,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,125025,125026,125028,125030,125032,125034,125036],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,125027,121],{"class":120},[55,125029,103],{"class":69},[55,125031,1910],{"class":1898},[55,125033,103],{"class":69},[55,125035,34850],{"class":99},[55,125037,1867],{"class":69},[55,125039,125040,125042,125044,125046,125048,125050],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,125041,121],{"class":120},[55,125043,103],{"class":69},[55,125045,1910],{"class":1898},[55,125047,103],{"class":69},[55,125049,2402],{"class":99},[55,125051,1867],{"class":69},[20,125053,302],{},[46,125055,125057],{"className":48,"code":125056,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125058,125059,125073],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125060,125061,125063,125065,125067,125069,125071],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125062,3454],{"class":65},[55,125064,3457],{"class":2226},[55,125066,324],{"class":247},[55,125068,3607],{"class":251},[55,125070,315],{"class":247},[55,125072,3466],{"class":65},[55,125074,125075,125077,125079,125081,125083,125085],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125076,3454],{"class":65},[55,125078,3457],{"class":2226},[55,125080,324],{"class":247},[55,125082,2351],{"class":251},[55,125084,315],{"class":247},[55,125086,3466],{"class":65},[20,125088,125089,125090,44],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[36,125091,125092],{"href":51120},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[142,125094,125096],{"id":125095},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125098,125099],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125101,125102],{},"You can use single quotes:",[46,125104,125106],{"className":48,"code":125105,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125107,125108,125121],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125109,125110,125113,125115,125117,125119],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125111,125112],{"class":61},"greeting ",[55,125114,66],{"class":65},[55,125116,324],{"class":247},[55,125118,4009],{"class":251},[55,125120,29844],{"class":247},[55,125122,125123,125125,125127,125130],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125124,121],{"class":120},[55,125126,103],{"class":69},[55,125128,125129],{"class":99},"greeting",[55,125131,114],{"class":69},[20,125133,125134],{},"Or double quotes:",[46,125136,125138],{"className":48,"code":125137,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125139,125140,125152],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125141,125142,125144,125146,125148,125150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125143,125112],{"class":61},[55,125145,66],{"class":65},[55,125147,258],{"class":247},[55,125149,4009],{"class":251},[55,125151,3522],{"class":247},[55,125153,125154,125156,125158,125160],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125155,121],{"class":120},[55,125157,103],{"class":69},[55,125159,125129],{"class":99},[55,125161,114],{"class":69},[20,125163,125164],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125166,125167],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[142,125169,125171],{"id":125170},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125173,125174],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125176,125177,125178,3041,125180,153],{},"Use either ",[15,125179,6430],{},[15,125181,3937],{},[46,125183,125185],{"className":48,"code":125184,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125186,125187,125196,125205,125209,125220,125231],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125188,125189,125192,125194],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125190,125191],{"class":61},"empty1 ",[55,125193,66],{"class":65},[55,125195,8042],{"class":247},[55,125197,125198,125201,125203],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125199,125200],{"class":61},"empty2 ",[55,125202,66],{"class":65},[55,125204,47639],{"class":247},[55,125206,125207],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,125208,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,125210,125211,125213,125215,125218],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,125212,121],{"class":120},[55,125214,103],{"class":69},[55,125216,125217],{"class":99},"empty1",[55,125219,114],{"class":69},[55,125221,125222,125224,125226,125229],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,125223,121],{"class":120},[55,125225,103],{"class":69},[55,125227,125228],{"class":99},"empty2",[55,125230,114],{"class":69},[55,125232,125233,125235,125237,125239,125241,125243],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,125234,121],{"class":120},[55,125236,103],{"class":69},[55,125238,1910],{"class":1898},[55,125240,103],{"class":69},[55,125242,125217],{"class":99},[55,125244,1867],{"class":69},[20,125246,302],{},[46,125248,125249],{"className":48,"code":45913,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,125250,125251],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125252,125253,125255,125257,125259,125261,125263],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125254,3454],{"class":65},[55,125256,3457],{"class":2226},[55,125258,324],{"class":247},[55,125260,3607],{"class":251},[55,125262,315],{"class":247},[55,125264,3466],{"class":65},[20,125266,125267],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[142,125269,125271],{"id":125270},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125273,125274],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125276,125277],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[46,125279,125281],{"className":48,"code":125280,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125282,125283,125294,125299,125306,125310],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125284,125285,125287,125289,125292],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125286,89989],{"class":61},[55,125288,66],{"class":65},[55,125290,125291],{"class":247}," \"\"\"",[55,125293,88931],{"class":251},[55,125295,125296],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125297,125298],{"class":251},"Welcome to Python\n",[55,125300,125301,125304],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,125302,125303],{"class":251},"Have a nice day",[55,125305,43478],{"class":247},[55,125307,125308],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,125309,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,125311,125312,125314,125316,125318],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,125313,121],{"class":120},[55,125315,103],{"class":69},[55,125317,90006],{"class":99},[55,125319,114],{"class":69},[20,125321,125322],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[46,125324,125326],{"className":48,"code":125325,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125327,125328,125340,125345,125353,125357],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125329,125330,125332,125334,125337],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125331,89989],{"class":61},[55,125333,66],{"class":65},[55,125335,125336],{"class":247}," '''",[55,125338,125339],{"class":251},"Line 1\n",[55,125341,125342],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125343,125344],{"class":251},"Line 2\n",[55,125346,125347,125350],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,125348,125349],{"class":251},"Line 3",[55,125351,125352],{"class":247},"'''\n",[55,125354,125355],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,125356,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,125358,125359,125361,125363,125365],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,125360,121],{"class":120},[55,125362,103],{"class":69},[55,125364,90006],{"class":99},[55,125366,114],{"class":69},[20,125368,125369],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125371,125372],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[142,125374,125376],{"id":125375},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125378,568,125379,125381],{},[15,125380,47827],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125383,125384],{},"Example with a number:",[46,125386,125388],{"className":48,"code":125387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125389,125390,125404,125414],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125391,125392,125394,125396,125398,125400,125402],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125393,34829],{"class":61},[55,125395,66],{"class":65},[55,125397,49048],{"class":1898},[55,125399,103],{"class":69},[55,125401,46669],{"class":73},[55,125403,114],{"class":69},[55,125405,125406,125408,125410,125412],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125407,121],{"class":120},[55,125409,103],{"class":69},[55,125411,34850],{"class":99},[55,125413,114],{"class":69},[55,125415,125416,125418,125420,125422,125424,125426],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,125417,121],{"class":120},[55,125419,103],{"class":69},[55,125421,1910],{"class":1898},[55,125423,103],{"class":69},[55,125425,34850],{"class":99},[55,125427,1867],{"class":69},[20,125429,302],{},[46,125431,125433],{"className":48,"code":125432,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125434,125435,125439],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125436,125437],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125438,46755],{"class":73},[55,125440,125441,125443,125445,125447,125449,125451],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125442,3454],{"class":65},[55,125444,3457],{"class":2226},[55,125446,324],{"class":247},[55,125448,3607],{"class":251},[55,125450,315],{"class":247},[55,125452,3466],{"class":65},[20,125454,125455],{},"You can also convert other values:",[46,125457,125459],{"className":48,"code":125458,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125460,125461,125475],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125462,125463,125465,125467,125469,125471,125473],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125464,121],{"class":120},[55,125466,103],{"class":69},[55,125468,3607],{"class":1898},[55,125470,103],{"class":69},[55,125472,3769],{"class":1312},[55,125474,1867],{"class":69},[55,125476,125477,125479,125481,125483,125485,125487],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125478,121],{"class":120},[55,125480,103],{"class":69},[55,125482,3607],{"class":1898},[55,125484,103],{"class":69},[55,125486,40284],{"class":73},[55,125488,1867],{"class":69},[20,125490,125491],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[46,125493,125495],{"className":48,"code":125494,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125496,125497,125505,125527,125531],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125498,125499,125501,125503],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125500,21775],{"class":61},[55,125502,66],{"class":65},[55,125504,45368],{"class":73},[55,125506,125507,125509,125511,125513,125515,125517,125519,125521,125523,125525],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125508,89989],{"class":61},[55,125510,66],{"class":65},[55,125512,258],{"class":247},[55,125514,89407],{"class":251},[55,125516,248],{"class":247},[55,125518,2615],{"class":65},[55,125520,49048],{"class":1898},[55,125522,103],{"class":69},[55,125524,9461],{"class":99},[55,125526,114],{"class":69},[55,125528,125529],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,125530,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,125532,125533,125535,125537,125539],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,125534,121],{"class":120},[55,125536,103],{"class":69},[55,125538,90006],{"class":99},[55,125540,114],{"class":69},[20,125542,125543,125544,3041,125548,44],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[36,125545,3740,125546,3673],{"href":42317},[15,125547,47827],{},[36,125549,125550],{"href":123262},"how to convert int to string in Python",[142,125552,125554],{"id":125553},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125556,125557],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125559,125560],{},"Both of these are valid:",[46,125562,125564],{"className":48,"code":125563,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125565,125566,125578],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125567,125568,125570,125572,125574,125576],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125569,2715],{"class":61},[55,125571,66],{"class":65},[55,125573,324],{"class":247},[55,125575,7457],{"class":251},[55,125577,29844],{"class":247},[55,125579,125580,125582,125584,125586,125588],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125581,2743],{"class":61},[55,125583,66],{"class":65},[55,125585,258],{"class":247},[55,125587,7457],{"class":251},[55,125589,3522],{"class":247},[20,125591,125592],{},"A common rule is:",[155,125594,125595,125598,125601],{},[158,125596,125597],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[158,125599,125600],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[158,125602,125603],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125605,230],{},[46,125607,125609],{"className":48,"code":125608,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125610,125611,125625,125639,125643,125654],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125612,125613,125616,125618,125620,125623],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125614,125615],{"class":61},"text1 ",[55,125617,66],{"class":65},[55,125619,258],{"class":247},[55,125621,125622],{"class":251},"It's working",[55,125624,3522],{"class":247},[55,125626,125627,125630,125632,125634,125637],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125628,125629],{"class":61},"text2 ",[55,125631,66],{"class":65},[55,125633,324],{"class":247},[55,125635,125636],{"class":251},"She said \"hello\"",[55,125638,29844],{"class":247},[55,125640,125641],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,125642,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,125644,125645,125647,125649,125652],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,125646,121],{"class":120},[55,125648,103],{"class":69},[55,125650,125651],{"class":99},"text1",[55,125653,114],{"class":69},[55,125655,125656,125658,125660,125663],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,125657,121],{"class":120},[55,125659,103],{"class":69},[55,125661,125662],{"class":99},"text2",[55,125664,114],{"class":69},[20,125666,125667],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[142,125669,125671],{"id":125670},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125673,125674],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125676,125677],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[46,125679,125681],{"className":48,"code":125680,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125682,125683,125688],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125684,125685],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125686,125687],{"class":133},"# This will cause an error\n",[55,125689,125690],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125691,125692],{"class":133},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125694,125695,125696,571,125698,125701],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125697,315],{},[15,125699,125700],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125703,125704],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[46,125706,125708],{"className":48,"code":125707,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125709,125710,125729],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125711,125712,125714,125716,125718,125721,125724,125727],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125713,34829],{"class":61},[55,125715,66],{"class":65},[55,125717,324],{"class":247},[55,125719,125720],{"class":251},"It",[55,125722,125723],{"class":1885},"\\'",[55,125725,125726],{"class":251},"s working",[55,125728,29844],{"class":247},[55,125730,125731,125733,125735,125737],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125732,121],{"class":120},[55,125734,103],{"class":69},[55,125736,34850],{"class":99},[55,125738,114],{"class":69},[20,125740,125741],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[46,125743,125745],{"className":48,"code":125744,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125746,125747,125759],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125748,125749,125751,125753,125755,125757],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125750,34829],{"class":61},[55,125752,66],{"class":65},[55,125754,258],{"class":247},[55,125756,125622],{"class":251},[55,125758,3522],{"class":247},[55,125760,125761,125763,125765,125767],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125762,121],{"class":120},[55,125764,103],{"class":69},[55,125766,34850],{"class":99},[55,125768,114],{"class":69},[20,125770,125771],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125773,125774,125775,44],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[36,125776,125778],{"href":125777},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[142,125780,2992],{"id":2991},[20,125782,125783],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[577,125785,90196],{"id":90195},[20,125787,125788],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[46,125790,125792],{"className":48,"code":125791,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125793,125794,125798],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125795,125796],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125797,125687],{"class":133},[55,125799,125800],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125801,125802],{"class":133},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125804,125805,125806,8762,125809,125811],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125807,125808],{},"NameError",[15,125810,5164],{}," is not defined.",[20,125813,10967],{},[46,125815,125817],{"className":48,"code":125816,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125818,125819,125831],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125820,125821,125823,125825,125827,125829],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125822,8037],{"class":61},[55,125824,66],{"class":65},[55,125826,258],{"class":247},[55,125828,5164],{"class":251},[55,125830,3522],{"class":247},[55,125832,125833,125835,125837,125839],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125834,121],{"class":120},[55,125836,103],{"class":69},[55,125838,7829],{"class":99},[55,125840,114],{"class":69},[577,125842,125844],{"id":125843},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125846,125847],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[46,125849,125851],{"className":48,"code":125850,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125852,125853,125857],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125854,125855],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125856,125687],{"class":133},[55,125858,125859],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125860,125861],{"class":133},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125863,125864],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[46,125866,125868],{"className":48,"code":125867,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125869,125870,125887,125900,125904,125914],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125871,125872,125874,125876,125878,125880,125882,125885],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125873,125615],{"class":61},[55,125875,66],{"class":65},[55,125877,324],{"class":247},[55,125879,125720],{"class":251},[55,125881,125723],{"class":1885},[55,125883,125884],{"class":251},"s good",[55,125886,29844],{"class":247},[55,125888,125889,125891,125893,125895,125898],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125890,125629],{"class":61},[55,125892,66],{"class":65},[55,125894,258],{"class":247},[55,125896,125897],{"class":251},"It's good",[55,125899,3522],{"class":247},[55,125901,125902],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,125903,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,125905,125906,125908,125910,125912],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,125907,121],{"class":120},[55,125909,103],{"class":69},[55,125911,125651],{"class":99},[55,125913,114],{"class":69},[55,125915,125916,125918,125920,125922],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,125917,121],{"class":120},[55,125919,103],{"class":69},[55,125921,125662],{"class":99},[55,125923,114],{"class":69},[577,125925,125927],{"id":125926},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125929,125930],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[46,125932,125934],{"className":48,"code":125933,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125935,125936,125948],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125937,125938,125940,125942,125944,125946],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125939,34829],{"class":61},[55,125941,66],{"class":65},[55,125943,125291],{"class":247},[55,125945,4009],{"class":251},[55,125947,43478],{"class":247},[55,125949,125950,125952,125954,125956],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125951,121],{"class":120},[55,125953,103],{"class":69},[55,125955,34850],{"class":99},[55,125957,114],{"class":69},[20,125959,125960],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[46,125962,125964],{"className":48,"code":125963,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125965,125966,125978],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125967,125968,125970,125972,125974,125976],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125969,34829],{"class":61},[55,125971,66],{"class":65},[55,125973,258],{"class":247},[55,125975,4009],{"class":251},[55,125977,3522],{"class":247},[55,125979,125980,125982,125984,125986],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,125981,121],{"class":120},[55,125983,103],{"class":69},[55,125985,34850],{"class":99},[55,125987,114],{"class":69},[577,125989,4740,125991,352,125993,125995],{"id":125990},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125992,50390],{},[15,125994,50440],{}," are the same type",[20,125997,125998],{},"They are different:",[46,126000,126002],{"className":48,"code":126001,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126003,126004,126013,126026,126030,126044],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126005,126006,126009,126011],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126007,126008],{"class":61},"value1 ",[55,126010,66],{"class":65},[55,126012,125019],{"class":73},[55,126014,126015,126018,126020,126022,126024],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,126016,126017],{"class":61},"value2 ",[55,126019,66],{"class":65},[55,126021,258],{"class":247},[55,126023,50390],{"class":251},[55,126025,3522],{"class":247},[55,126027,126028],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,126029,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,126031,126032,126034,126036,126038,126040,126042],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,126033,121],{"class":120},[55,126035,103],{"class":69},[55,126037,1910],{"class":1898},[55,126039,103],{"class":69},[55,126041,84752],{"class":99},[55,126043,1867],{"class":69},[55,126045,126046,126048,126050,126052,126054,126057],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,126047,121],{"class":120},[55,126049,103],{"class":69},[55,126051,1910],{"class":1898},[55,126053,103],{"class":69},[55,126055,126056],{"class":99},"value2",[55,126058,1867],{"class":69},[20,126060,302],{},[46,126062,126064],{"className":48,"code":126063,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126065,126066,126080],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126067,126068,126070,126072,126074,126076,126078],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126069,3454],{"class":65},[55,126071,3457],{"class":2226},[55,126073,324],{"class":247},[55,126075,2351],{"class":251},[55,126077,315],{"class":247},[55,126079,3466],{"class":65},[55,126081,126082,126084,126086,126088,126090,126092],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,126083,3454],{"class":65},[55,126085,3457],{"class":2226},[55,126087,324],{"class":247},[55,126089,3607],{"class":251},[55,126091,315],{"class":247},[55,126093,3466],{"class":65},[577,126095,126097],{"id":126096},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126099,126100],{},"This causes a type error:",[46,126102,126104],{"className":48,"code":126103,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126105,126106,126110,126115],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126107,126108],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126109,125687],{"class":133},[55,126111,126112],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,126113,126114],{"class":133},"# age = 10\n",[55,126116,126117],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,126118,126119],{"class":133},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126121,126122,126123,153],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126124,47827],{},[46,126126,126128],{"className":48,"code":126127,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126129,126130,126138,126160,126164],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126131,126132,126134,126136],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126133,21775],{"class":61},[55,126135,66],{"class":65},[55,126137,2748],{"class":73},[55,126139,126140,126142,126144,126146,126148,126150,126152,126154,126156,126158],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,126141,89989],{"class":61},[55,126143,66],{"class":65},[55,126145,258],{"class":247},[55,126147,89407],{"class":251},[55,126149,248],{"class":247},[55,126151,2615],{"class":65},[55,126153,49048],{"class":1898},[55,126155,103],{"class":69},[55,126157,9461],{"class":99},[55,126159,114],{"class":69},[55,126161,126162],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,126163,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,126165,126166,126168,126170,126172],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,126167,121],{"class":120},[55,126169,103],{"class":69},[55,126171,90006],{"class":99},[55,126173,114],{"class":69},[20,126175,126176,126177,44],{},"For this specific error, see ",[36,126178,90388],{"href":90387},[577,126180,60834],{"id":60833},[20,126182,126183],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[46,126185,126187],{"className":48,"code":126186,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126188,126189,126201,126205,126215,126229],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126190,126191,126193,126195,126197,126199],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126192,34829],{"class":61},[55,126194,66],{"class":65},[55,126196,258],{"class":247},[55,126198,4009],{"class":251},[55,126200,3522],{"class":247},[55,126202,126203],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,126204,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,126206,126207,126209,126211,126213],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,126208,121],{"class":120},[55,126210,103],{"class":69},[55,126212,34850],{"class":99},[55,126214,114],{"class":69},[55,126216,126217,126219,126221,126223,126225,126227],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,126218,121],{"class":120},[55,126220,103],{"class":69},[55,126222,1910],{"class":1898},[55,126224,103],{"class":69},[55,126226,34850],{"class":99},[55,126228,1867],{"class":69},[55,126230,126231,126233,126235,126237,126239,126241],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,126232,121],{"class":120},[55,126234,103],{"class":69},[55,126236,41921],{"class":120},[55,126238,103],{"class":69},[55,126240,34850],{"class":99},[55,126242,1867],{"class":69},[155,126244,126245,126250,126255],{},[158,126246,126247,46421],{},[15,126248,126249],{},"print(text)",[158,126251,126252,46426],{},[15,126253,126254],{},"print(type(text))",[158,126256,126257,126260],{},[15,126258,126259],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[142,126262,1986],{"id":1985},[577,126264,126266],{"id":126265},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126268,126269,126270,3041,126273,44],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126271,126272],{},"'hello'",[15,126274,64659],{},[577,126276,126278],{"id":126277},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126280,126281],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[577,126283,126285],{"id":126284},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126287,31,126288,3041,126290,44],{},[15,126289,6430],{},[15,126291,3937],{},[577,126293,126295],{"id":126294},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126297,31,126298,126300,126301,126303,126304,44],{},[15,126299,47827],{},", like ",[15,126302,80362],{},", which returns ",[15,126305,42268],{},[577,126307,126309],{"id":126308},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126311,126312],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[142,126314,2039],{"id":2038},[155,126316,126317,126321,126327,126332,126341,126345],{},[158,126318,126319],{},[36,126320,125092],{"href":51120},[158,126322,126323],{},[36,126324,3740,126325,3673],{"href":42317},[15,126326,47827],{},[158,126328,126329],{},[36,126330,126331],{"href":123262},"How to convert int to string in Python",[158,126333,126334],{},[36,126335,126337,126338,43],{"href":126336},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126339,126340],{},"format()",[158,126342,126343],{},[36,126344,125778],{"href":125777},[158,126346,126347],{},[36,126348,90388],{"href":90387},[2080,126350,126351],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":126353},[126354,126355,126356,126357,126358,126359,126360,126361,126362,126371,126378],{"id":15311,"depth":91,"text":15312},{"id":124931,"depth":91,"text":124932},{"id":125095,"depth":91,"text":125096},{"id":125170,"depth":91,"text":125171},{"id":125270,"depth":91,"text":125271},{"id":125375,"depth":91,"text":125376},{"id":125553,"depth":91,"text":125554},{"id":125670,"depth":91,"text":125671},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":126363},[126364,126365,126366,126367,126369,126370],{"id":90195,"depth":117,"text":90196},{"id":125843,"depth":117,"text":125844},{"id":125926,"depth":117,"text":125927},{"id":125990,"depth":117,"text":126368},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126096,"depth":117,"text":126097},{"id":60833,"depth":117,"text":60834},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":126372},[126373,126374,126375,126376,126377],{"id":126265,"depth":117,"text":126266},{"id":126277,"depth":117,"text":126278},{"id":126284,"depth":117,"text":126285},{"id":126294,"depth":117,"text":126295},{"id":126308,"depth":117,"text":126309},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124793,"description":126379},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126386,"title":126387,"body":126388,"description":128302,"extension":2124,"meta":128303,"navigation":428,"path":128304,"seo":128305,"stem":128306,"__hash__":128307},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126389,"toc":128263},[126390,126396,126401,126409,126411,126478,126480,126492,126501,126506,126510,126527,126529,126594,126596,126608,126613,126615,126643,126664,126667,126706,126708,126716,126720,126724,126728,126736,126739,126780,126782,126790,126793,126850,126852,126860,126864,126869,126913,126915,126923,126932,126936,126941,126989,126991,126999,127005,127007,127011,127023,127028,127107,127109,127129,127133,127137,127177,127179,127187,127191,127234,127236,127244,127248,127288,127290,127298,127302,127358,127360,127368,127374,127376,127380,127390,127457,127459,127472,127479,127522,127524,127532,127536,127539,127595,127597,127605,127608,127610,127687,127689,127697,127706,127708,127712,127716,127718,127740,127743,127790,127794,127833,127835,127843,127845,127887,127894,127899,127961,127963,127975,127981,127986,128035,128037,128056,128062,128064,128083,128085,128176,128178,128184,128191,128197,128203,128208,128217,128224,128232,128234,128260],[10,126391,123337,126393,18],{"id":126392},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126394,126395],{},"endswith()",[20,126397,123342,126398,126400],{},[15,126399,126395],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126402,126403,126404,3041,126406,126408],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126405,3769],{},[15,126407,3838],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[142,126410,2165],{"id":2164},[46,126412,126414],{"className":48,"code":126413,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126415,126416,126430,126455],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126417,126418,126421,126423,126425,126428],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126419,126420],{"class":61},"filename ",[55,126422,66],{"class":65},[55,126424,258],{"class":247},[55,126426,126427],{"class":251},"report.csv",[55,126429,3522],{"class":247},[55,126431,126432,126434,126436,126439,126441,126444,126446,126448,126451,126453],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,126433,121],{"class":120},[55,126435,103],{"class":69},[55,126437,126438],{"class":99},"filename",[55,126440,44],{"class":69},[55,126442,126443],{"class":99},"endswith",[55,126445,103],{"class":69},[55,126447,248],{"class":247},[55,126449,126450],{"class":251},".csv",[55,126452,248],{"class":247},[55,126454,1867],{"class":69},[55,126456,126457,126459,126461,126463,126465,126467,126469,126471,126474,126476],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,126458,121],{"class":120},[55,126460,103],{"class":69},[55,126462,126438],{"class":99},[55,126464,44],{"class":69},[55,126466,126443],{"class":99},[55,126468,103],{"class":69},[55,126470,248],{"class":247},[55,126472,126473],{"class":251},".txt",[55,126475,248],{"class":247},[55,126477,1867],{"class":69},[20,126479,302],{},[46,126481,126482],{"className":48,"code":44316,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,126483,126484,126488],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126485,126486],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126487,4143],{"class":1312},[55,126489,126490],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,126491,4204],{"class":1312},[20,126493,31,126494,5530,126496,3041,126498,126500],{},[15,126495,126395],{},[15,126497,3769],{},[15,126499,3838],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[142,126502,145,126504,148],{"id":126503},"what-endswith-does",[15,126505,126395],{},[20,126507,126508,153],{},[15,126509,126395],{},[155,126511,126512,126515,126521,126524],{},[158,126513,126514],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[158,126516,169,126517,3041,126519],{},[15,126518,3769],{},[15,126520,3838],{},[158,126522,126523],{},"Does not change the original string",[158,126525,126526],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126528,230],{},[46,126530,126532],{"className":48,"code":126531,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126533,126534,126546,126550,126572],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126535,126536,126538,126540,126542,126544],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126537,34829],{"class":61},[55,126539,66],{"class":65},[55,126541,258],{"class":247},[55,126543,60530],{"class":251},[55,126545,3522],{"class":247},[55,126547,126548],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,126549,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,126551,126552,126554,126556,126558,126560,126562,126564,126566,126568,126570],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,126553,121],{"class":120},[55,126555,103],{"class":69},[55,126557,34850],{"class":99},[55,126559,44],{"class":69},[55,126561,126443],{"class":99},[55,126563,103],{"class":69},[55,126565,248],{"class":247},[55,126567,60715],{"class":251},[55,126569,248],{"class":247},[55,126571,1867],{"class":69},[55,126573,126574,126576,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586,126588,126590,126592],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,126575,121],{"class":120},[55,126577,103],{"class":69},[55,126579,34850],{"class":99},[55,126581,44],{"class":69},[55,126583,126443],{"class":99},[55,126585,103],{"class":69},[55,126587,248],{"class":247},[55,126589,4009],{"class":251},[55,126591,248],{"class":247},[55,126593,1867],{"class":69},[20,126595,302],{},[46,126597,126598],{"className":48,"code":44316,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,126599,126600,126604],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126601,126602],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126603,4143],{"class":1312},[55,126605,126606],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,126607,4204],{"class":1312},[20,126609,126610,126611,44],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[36,126612,125092],{"href":51120},[142,126614,2319],{"id":2318},[46,126616,126618],{"className":48,"code":126617,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126619,126620],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126621,126622,126624,126626,126628,126630,126633,126635,126637,126639,126641],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126623,61298],{"class":61},[55,126625,44],{"class":69},[55,126627,126443],{"class":99},[55,126629,103],{"class":69},[55,126631,126632],{"class":99},"suffix",[55,126634,77],{"class":69},[55,126636,36192],{"class":99},[55,126638,77],{"class":69},[55,126640,65165],{"class":99},[55,126642,114],{"class":69},[155,126644,126645,126650,126657],{},[158,126646,126647,126649],{},[15,126648,126632],{}," is required",[158,126651,126652,352,126654,126656],{},[15,126653,36213],{},[15,126655,52804],{}," are optional",[158,126658,126659,352,126661,126663],{},[15,126660,36213],{},[15,126662,52804],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126665,126666],{},"Basic example:",[46,126668,126670],{"className":48,"code":126669,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126671,126672,126684],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126673,126674,126676,126678,126680,126682],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126675,126420],{"class":61},[55,126677,66],{"class":65},[55,126679,258],{"class":247},[55,126681,86877],{"class":251},[55,126683,3522],{"class":247},[55,126685,126686,126688,126690,126692,126694,126696,126698,126700,126702,126704],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,126687,121],{"class":120},[55,126689,103],{"class":69},[55,126691,126438],{"class":99},[55,126693,44],{"class":69},[55,126695,126443],{"class":99},[55,126697,103],{"class":69},[55,126699,248],{"class":247},[55,126701,126473],{"class":251},[55,126703,248],{"class":247},[55,126705,1867],{"class":69},[20,126707,302],{},[46,126709,126710],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,126711,126712],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126713,126714],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126715,4143],{"class":1312},[142,126717,126719],{"id":126718},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[577,126721,126722],{"id":126632},[15,126723,126632],{},[20,126725,126726,30894],{},[15,126727,126632],{},[155,126729,126730,126733],{},[158,126731,126732],{},"A single string",[158,126734,126735],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126737,126738],{},"Single suffix:",[46,126740,126742],{"className":48,"code":126741,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126743,126744,126757],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126745,126746,126748,126750,126752,126755],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126747,8037],{"class":61},[55,126749,66],{"class":65},[55,126751,258],{"class":247},[55,126753,126754],{"class":251},"image.png",[55,126756,3522],{"class":247},[55,126758,126759,126761,126763,126765,126767,126769,126771,126773,126776,126778],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,126760,121],{"class":120},[55,126762,103],{"class":69},[55,126764,7829],{"class":99},[55,126766,44],{"class":69},[55,126768,126443],{"class":99},[55,126770,103],{"class":69},[55,126772,248],{"class":247},[55,126774,126775],{"class":251},".png",[55,126777,248],{"class":247},[55,126779,1867],{"class":69},[20,126781,302],{},[46,126783,126784],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,126785,126786],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126787,126788],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126789,4143],{"class":1312},[20,126791,126792],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[46,126794,126796],{"className":48,"code":126795,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126797,126798,126810],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126799,126800,126802,126804,126806,126808],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126801,8037],{"class":61},[55,126803,66],{"class":65},[55,126805,258],{"class":247},[55,126807,126754],{"class":251},[55,126809,3522],{"class":247},[55,126811,126812,126814,126816,126818,126820,126822,126824,126826,126829,126831,126833,126835,126837,126839,126841,126843,126846,126848],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,126813,121],{"class":120},[55,126815,103],{"class":69},[55,126817,7829],{"class":99},[55,126819,44],{"class":69},[55,126821,126443],{"class":99},[55,126823,5669],{"class":69},[55,126825,248],{"class":247},[55,126827,126828],{"class":251},".jpg",[55,126830,248],{"class":247},[55,126832,77],{"class":69},[55,126834,258],{"class":247},[55,126836,126775],{"class":251},[55,126838,248],{"class":247},[55,126840,77],{"class":69},[55,126842,258],{"class":247},[55,126844,126845],{"class":251},".gif",[55,126847,248],{"class":247},[55,126849,3075],{"class":69},[20,126851,302],{},[46,126853,126854],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,126855,126856],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126857,126858],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126859,4143],{"class":1312},[577,126861,126862],{"id":36213},[15,126863,36213],{},[20,126865,126866,126868],{},[15,126867,36213],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[46,126870,126872],{"className":48,"code":126871,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126873,126874,126887],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126875,126876,126878,126880,126882,126885],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126877,34829],{"class":61},[55,126879,66],{"class":65},[55,126881,258],{"class":247},[55,126883,126884],{"class":251},"my_report.csv",[55,126886,3522],{"class":247},[55,126888,126889,126891,126893,126895,126897,126899,126901,126903,126905,126907,126909,126911],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,126890,121],{"class":120},[55,126892,103],{"class":69},[55,126894,34850],{"class":99},[55,126896,44],{"class":69},[55,126898,126443],{"class":99},[55,126900,103],{"class":69},[55,126902,248],{"class":247},[55,126904,126450],{"class":251},[55,126906,248],{"class":247},[55,126908,77],{"class":69},[55,126910,111],{"class":73},[55,126912,1867],{"class":69},[20,126914,302],{},[46,126916,126917],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,126918,126919],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126920,126921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126922,4143],{"class":1312},[20,126924,126925,126926,126928,126929,44],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126927,2223],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126930,126931],{},"\"report.csv\"",[577,126933,126934],{"id":52804},[15,126935,52804],{},[20,126937,126938,126940],{},[15,126939,52804],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[46,126942,126944],{"className":48,"code":126943,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126945,126946,126959],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126947,126948,126950,126952,126954,126957],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126949,34829],{"class":61},[55,126951,66],{"class":65},[55,126953,258],{"class":247},[55,126955,126956],{"class":251},"report.csv backup",[55,126958,3522],{"class":247},[55,126960,126961,126963,126965,126967,126969,126971,126973,126975,126977,126979,126981,126983,126985,126987],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,126962,121],{"class":120},[55,126964,103],{"class":69},[55,126966,34850],{"class":99},[55,126968,44],{"class":69},[55,126970,126443],{"class":99},[55,126972,103],{"class":69},[55,126974,248],{"class":247},[55,126976,126450],{"class":251},[55,126978,248],{"class":247},[55,126980,77],{"class":69},[55,126982,3997],{"class":73},[55,126984,77],{"class":69},[55,126986,6162],{"class":73},[55,126988,1867],{"class":69},[20,126990,302],{},[46,126992,126993],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,126994,126995],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126996,126997],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126998,4143],{"class":1312},[20,127000,127001,127002,127004],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127003,126931],{}," and ignores the rest.",[142,127006,17569],{"id":17568},[20,127008,127009,25653],{},[15,127010,126395],{},[155,127012,127013,127018],{},[158,127014,127015,127017],{},[15,127016,3769],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[158,127019,127020,127022],{},[15,127021,3838],{}," if it does not",[20,127024,127025,127026,7332],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127027,7157],{},[46,127029,127031],{"className":48,"code":127030,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127032,127033,127046,127050,127071,127086,127092],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127034,127035,127037,127039,127041,127044],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127036,126420],{"class":61},[55,127038,66],{"class":65},[55,127040,258],{"class":247},[55,127042,127043],{"class":251},"data.csv",[55,127045,3522],{"class":247},[55,127047,127048],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,127049,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,127051,127052,127054,127057,127059,127061,127063,127065,127067,127069],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,127053,7157],{"class":4040},[55,127055,127056],{"class":61}," filename",[55,127058,44],{"class":69},[55,127060,126443],{"class":99},[55,127062,103],{"class":69},[55,127064,248],{"class":247},[55,127066,126450],{"class":251},[55,127068,248],{"class":247},[55,127070,8502],{"class":69},[55,127072,127073,127075,127077,127079,127082,127084],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,127074,8230],{"class":120},[55,127076,103],{"class":69},[55,127078,248],{"class":247},[55,127080,127081],{"class":251},"This is a CSV file.",[55,127083,248],{"class":247},[55,127085,114],{"class":69},[55,127087,127088,127090],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,127089,27578],{"class":4040},[55,127091,6552],{"class":69},[55,127093,127094,127096,127098,127100,127103,127105],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,127095,8230],{"class":120},[55,127097,103],{"class":69},[55,127099,248],{"class":247},[55,127101,127102],{"class":251},"This is not a CSV file.",[55,127104,248],{"class":247},[55,127106,114],{"class":69},[20,127108,302],{},[46,127110,127112],{"className":48,"code":127111,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127113,127114],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127115,127116,127118,127120,127122,127125,127127],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127117,50023],{"class":61},[55,127119,12350],{"class":65},[55,127121,44687],{"class":61},[55,127123,127124],{"class":1885},"CSV",[55,127126,86618],{"class":86617},[55,127128,122369],{"class":69},[142,127130,127132],{"id":127131},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[577,127134,127136],{"id":127135},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[46,127138,127140],{"className":48,"code":127139,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127141,127142,127155],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127143,127144,127146,127148,127150,127153],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127145,126420],{"class":61},[55,127147,66],{"class":65},[55,127149,258],{"class":247},[55,127151,127152],{"class":251},"sales.csv",[55,127154,3522],{"class":247},[55,127156,127157,127159,127161,127163,127165,127167,127169,127171,127173,127175],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,127158,121],{"class":120},[55,127160,103],{"class":69},[55,127162,126438],{"class":99},[55,127164,44],{"class":69},[55,127166,126443],{"class":99},[55,127168,103],{"class":69},[55,127170,248],{"class":247},[55,127172,126450],{"class":251},[55,127174,248],{"class":247},[55,127176,1867],{"class":69},[20,127178,302],{},[46,127180,127181],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127182,127183],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127184,127185],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127186,4143],{"class":1312},[577,127188,127190],{"id":127189},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[46,127192,127194],{"className":48,"code":127193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127195,127196,127210],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127197,127198,127201,127203,127205,127208],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127199,127200],{"class":61},"url ",[55,127202,66],{"class":65},[55,127204,258],{"class":247},[55,127206,127207],{"class":251},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[55,127209,3522],{"class":247},[55,127211,127212,127214,127216,127219,127221,127223,127225,127227,127230,127232],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,127213,121],{"class":120},[55,127215,103],{"class":69},[55,127217,127218],{"class":99},"url",[55,127220,44],{"class":69},[55,127222,126443],{"class":99},[55,127224,103],{"class":69},[55,127226,248],{"class":247},[55,127228,127229],{"class":251},"\u002F",[55,127231,248],{"class":247},[55,127233,1867],{"class":69},[20,127235,302],{},[46,127237,127238],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127239,127240],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127241,127242],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127243,4143],{"class":1312},[577,127245,127247],{"id":127246},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[46,127249,127251],{"className":48,"code":127250,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127252,127253,127266],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127254,127255,127257,127259,127261,127264],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127256,89989],{"class":61},[55,127258,66],{"class":65},[55,127260,258],{"class":247},[55,127262,127263],{"class":251},"Hello!",[55,127265,3522],{"class":247},[55,127267,127268,127270,127272,127274,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127286],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,127269,121],{"class":120},[55,127271,103],{"class":69},[55,127273,90006],{"class":99},[55,127275,44],{"class":69},[55,127277,126443],{"class":99},[55,127279,103],{"class":69},[55,127281,248],{"class":247},[55,127283,89830],{"class":251},[55,127285,248],{"class":247},[55,127287,1867],{"class":69},[20,127289,302],{},[46,127291,127292],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127293,127294],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127295,127296],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127297,4143],{"class":1312},[577,127299,127301],{"id":127300},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[46,127303,127305],{"className":48,"code":127304,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127306,127307,127320],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127308,127309,127311,127313,127315,127318],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127310,126420],{"class":61},[55,127312,66],{"class":65},[55,127314,258],{"class":247},[55,127316,127317],{"class":251},"photo.jpg",[55,127319,3522],{"class":247},[55,127321,127322,127324,127326,127328,127330,127332,127334,127336,127338,127340,127342,127344,127346,127348,127350,127352,127354,127356],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,127323,121],{"class":120},[55,127325,103],{"class":69},[55,127327,126438],{"class":99},[55,127329,44],{"class":69},[55,127331,126443],{"class":99},[55,127333,5669],{"class":69},[55,127335,248],{"class":247},[55,127337,126828],{"class":251},[55,127339,248],{"class":247},[55,127341,77],{"class":69},[55,127343,258],{"class":247},[55,127345,126775],{"class":251},[55,127347,248],{"class":247},[55,127349,77],{"class":69},[55,127351,258],{"class":247},[55,127353,126845],{"class":251},[55,127355,248],{"class":247},[55,127357,3075],{"class":69},[20,127359,302],{},[46,127361,127362],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127363,127364],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127365,127366],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127367,4143],{"class":1312},[20,127369,127370,127371,44],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[36,127372,127373],{"href":123592},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[142,127375,123984],{"id":123983},[20,127377,127378,123795],{},[15,127379,126395],{},[20,127381,127382,127383,352,127386,127389],{},"That means ",[15,127384,127385],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127387,127388],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[46,127391,127393],{"className":48,"code":127392,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127394,127395,127408,127412,127434],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127396,127397,127399,127401,127403,127406],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127398,126420],{"class":61},[55,127400,66],{"class":65},[55,127402,258],{"class":247},[55,127404,127405],{"class":251},"REPORT.CSV",[55,127407,3522],{"class":247},[55,127409,127410],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,127411,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,127413,127414,127416,127418,127420,127422,127424,127426,127428,127430,127432],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,127415,121],{"class":120},[55,127417,103],{"class":69},[55,127419,126438],{"class":99},[55,127421,44],{"class":69},[55,127423,126443],{"class":99},[55,127425,103],{"class":69},[55,127427,248],{"class":247},[55,127429,126450],{"class":251},[55,127431,248],{"class":247},[55,127433,1867],{"class":69},[55,127435,127436,127438,127440,127442,127444,127446,127448,127450,127453,127455],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,127437,121],{"class":120},[55,127439,103],{"class":69},[55,127441,126438],{"class":99},[55,127443,44],{"class":69},[55,127445,126443],{"class":99},[55,127447,103],{"class":69},[55,127449,248],{"class":247},[55,127451,127452],{"class":251},".CSV",[55,127454,248],{"class":247},[55,127456,1867],{"class":69},[20,127458,302],{},[46,127460,127462],{"className":48,"code":127461,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127463,127464,127468],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127465,127466],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127467,4204],{"class":1312},[55,127469,127470],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,127471,4143],{"class":1312},[20,127473,127474,127475,44],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[36,127476,127477],{"href":124064},[15,127478,124067],{},[46,127480,127482],{"className":48,"code":127481,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127483,127484,127496],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127485,127486,127488,127490,127492,127494],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127487,126420],{"class":61},[55,127489,66],{"class":65},[55,127491,258],{"class":247},[55,127493,127405],{"class":251},[55,127495,3522],{"class":247},[55,127497,127498,127500,127502,127504,127506,127508,127510,127512,127514,127516,127518,127520],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,127499,121],{"class":120},[55,127501,103],{"class":69},[55,127503,126438],{"class":99},[55,127505,44],{"class":69},[55,127507,8801],{"class":99},[55,127509,8798],{"class":69},[55,127511,126443],{"class":99},[55,127513,103],{"class":69},[55,127515,248],{"class":247},[55,127517,126450],{"class":251},[55,127519,248],{"class":247},[55,127521,1867],{"class":69},[20,127523,302],{},[46,127525,127526],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127527,127528],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127529,127530],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127531,4143],{"class":1312},[142,127533,127535],{"id":127534},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127537,127538],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[46,127540,127542],{"className":48,"code":127541,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127543,127544,127557],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127545,127546,127548,127550,127552,127555],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127547,126420],{"class":61},[55,127549,66],{"class":65},[55,127551,258],{"class":247},[55,127553,127554],{"class":251},"picture.gif",[55,127556,3522],{"class":247},[55,127558,127559,127561,127563,127565,127567,127569,127571,127573,127575,127577,127579,127581,127583,127585,127587,127589,127591,127593],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,127560,121],{"class":120},[55,127562,103],{"class":69},[55,127564,126438],{"class":99},[55,127566,44],{"class":69},[55,127568,126443],{"class":99},[55,127570,5669],{"class":69},[55,127572,248],{"class":247},[55,127574,126828],{"class":251},[55,127576,248],{"class":247},[55,127578,77],{"class":69},[55,127580,258],{"class":247},[55,127582,126775],{"class":251},[55,127584,248],{"class":247},[55,127586,77],{"class":69},[55,127588,258],{"class":247},[55,127590,126845],{"class":251},[55,127592,248],{"class":247},[55,127594,3075],{"class":69},[20,127596,302],{},[46,127598,127599],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127600,127601],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127602,127603],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127604,4143],{"class":1312},[20,127606,127607],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127609,52224],{},[46,127611,127613],{"className":48,"code":127612,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127614,127615,127628,127663,127667],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127616,127617,127620,127622,127624,127626],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127618,127619],{"class":61},"document ",[55,127621,66],{"class":65},[55,127623,258],{"class":247},[55,127625,86877],{"class":251},[55,127627,3522],{"class":247},[55,127629,127630,127633,127635,127637,127639,127641,127643,127645,127647,127650,127652,127654,127656,127659,127661],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,127631,127632],{"class":61},"allowed ",[55,127634,66],{"class":65},[55,127636,9398],{"class":69},[55,127638,248],{"class":247},[55,127640,126473],{"class":251},[55,127642,248],{"class":247},[55,127644,77],{"class":69},[55,127646,258],{"class":247},[55,127648,127649],{"class":251},".md",[55,127651,248],{"class":247},[55,127653,77],{"class":69},[55,127655,258],{"class":247},[55,127657,127658],{"class":251},".docx",[55,127660,248],{"class":247},[55,127662,114],{"class":69},[55,127664,127665],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,127666,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,127668,127669,127671,127673,127676,127678,127680,127682,127685],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,127670,121],{"class":120},[55,127672,103],{"class":69},[55,127674,127675],{"class":99},"document",[55,127677,44],{"class":69},[55,127679,126443],{"class":99},[55,127681,103],{"class":69},[55,127683,127684],{"class":99},"allowed",[55,127686,1867],{"class":69},[20,127688,302],{},[46,127690,127691],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127692,127693],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127694,127695],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127696,4143],{"class":1312},[20,127698,127699,127700,44],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[36,127701,126337,127703,43],{"href":127702},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127704,127705],{},"startswith()",[142,127707,2992],{"id":2991},[20,127709,8608,127710,44],{},[15,127711,126395],{},[577,127713,127715],{"id":127714},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127717,4686],{},[46,127719,127721],{"className":48,"code":127720,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127722,127723,127735],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127724,127725,127727,127729,127731,127733],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127726,126420],{"class":61},[55,127728,66],{"class":65},[55,127730,258],{"class":247},[55,127732,127317],{"class":251},[55,127734,3522],{"class":247},[55,127736,127737],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,127738,127739],{"class":133},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127741,127742],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[46,127744,127746],{"className":48,"code":127745,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127747,127748,127760],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127749,127750,127752,127754,127756,127758],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127751,126420],{"class":61},[55,127753,66],{"class":65},[55,127755,258],{"class":247},[55,127757,127317],{"class":251},[55,127759,3522],{"class":247},[55,127761,127762,127764,127766,127768,127770,127772,127774,127776,127778,127780,127782,127784,127786,127788],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,127763,121],{"class":120},[55,127765,103],{"class":69},[55,127767,126438],{"class":99},[55,127769,44],{"class":69},[55,127771,126443],{"class":99},[55,127773,5669],{"class":69},[55,127775,248],{"class":247},[55,127777,126828],{"class":251},[55,127779,248],{"class":247},[55,127781,77],{"class":69},[55,127783,258],{"class":247},[55,127785,126775],{"class":251},[55,127787,248],{"class":247},[55,127789,3075],{"class":69},[577,127791,127793],{"id":127792},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[46,127795,127797],{"className":48,"code":127796,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127798,127799,127811],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127800,127801,127803,127805,127807,127809],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127802,126420],{"class":61},[55,127804,66],{"class":65},[55,127806,258],{"class":247},[55,127808,127405],{"class":251},[55,127810,3522],{"class":247},[55,127812,127813,127815,127817,127819,127821,127823,127825,127827,127829,127831],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,127814,121],{"class":120},[55,127816,103],{"class":69},[55,127818,126438],{"class":99},[55,127820,44],{"class":69},[55,127822,126443],{"class":99},[55,127824,103],{"class":69},[55,127826,248],{"class":247},[55,127828,126450],{"class":251},[55,127830,248],{"class":247},[55,127832,1867],{"class":69},[20,127834,302],{},[46,127836,127837],{"className":48,"code":4204,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127838,127839],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127840,127841],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127842,4204],{"class":1312},[20,127844,39402],{},[46,127846,127847],{"className":48,"code":127481,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127848,127849,127861],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127850,127851,127853,127855,127857,127859],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127852,126420],{"class":61},[55,127854,66],{"class":65},[55,127856,258],{"class":247},[55,127858,127405],{"class":251},[55,127860,3522],{"class":247},[55,127862,127863,127865,127867,127869,127871,127873,127875,127877,127879,127881,127883,127885],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,127864,121],{"class":120},[55,127866,103],{"class":69},[55,127868,126438],{"class":99},[55,127870,44],{"class":69},[55,127872,8801],{"class":99},[55,127874,8798],{"class":69},[55,127876,126443],{"class":99},[55,127878,103],{"class":69},[55,127880,248],{"class":247},[55,127882,126450],{"class":251},[55,127884,248],{"class":247},[55,127886,1867],{"class":69},[577,127888,37343,127890,8866,127892],{"id":127889},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127891,126395],{},[15,127893,4047],{},[20,127895,127896,127898],{},[15,127897,126395],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[46,127900,127902],{"className":48,"code":127901,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127903,127904,127917,127921,127943],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127905,127906,127908,127910,127912,127915],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127907,34829],{"class":61},[55,127909,66],{"class":65},[55,127911,258],{"class":247},[55,127913,127914],{"class":251},"my_report.csv.backup",[55,127916,3522],{"class":247},[55,127918,127919],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,127920,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,127922,127923,127925,127927,127929,127931,127933,127935,127937,127939,127941],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,127924,121],{"class":120},[55,127926,103],{"class":69},[55,127928,34850],{"class":99},[55,127930,44],{"class":69},[55,127932,126443],{"class":99},[55,127934,103],{"class":69},[55,127936,248],{"class":247},[55,127938,126450],{"class":251},[55,127940,248],{"class":247},[55,127942,1867],{"class":69},[55,127944,127945,127947,127949,127951,127953,127955,127957,127959],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,127946,121],{"class":120},[55,127948,103],{"class":69},[55,127950,248],{"class":247},[55,127952,126450],{"class":251},[55,127954,248],{"class":247},[55,127956,21320],{"class":4040},[55,127958,42984],{"class":99},[55,127960,114],{"class":69},[20,127962,302],{},[46,127964,127965],{"className":48,"code":127461,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127966,127967,127971],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127968,127969],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127970,4204],{"class":1312},[55,127972,127973],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,127974,4143],{"class":1312},[577,127976,1553,127978,127980],{"id":127977},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127979,126395],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127982,127983,127985],{},[15,127984,126395],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[46,127987,127989],{"className":48,"code":127988,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127990,127991,128003,128025],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127992,127993,127995,127997,127999,128001],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127994,126420],{"class":61},[55,127996,66],{"class":65},[55,127998,258],{"class":247},[55,128000,126427],{"class":251},[55,128002,3522],{"class":247},[55,128004,128005,128007,128009,128011,128013,128015,128017,128019,128021,128023],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,128006,121],{"class":120},[55,128008,103],{"class":69},[55,128010,126438],{"class":99},[55,128012,44],{"class":69},[55,128014,126443],{"class":99},[55,128016,103],{"class":69},[55,128018,248],{"class":247},[55,128020,126450],{"class":251},[55,128022,248],{"class":247},[55,128024,1867],{"class":69},[55,128026,128027,128029,128031,128033],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,128028,121],{"class":120},[55,128030,103],{"class":69},[55,128032,126438],{"class":99},[55,128034,114],{"class":69},[20,128036,302],{},[46,128038,128040],{"className":48,"code":128039,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128041,128042,128046],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128043,128044],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128045,4143],{"class":1312},[55,128047,128048,128051,128053],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,128049,128050],{"class":61},"report",[55,128052,44],{"class":69},[55,128054,128055],{"class":1880},"csv\n",[20,128057,128058,128059,44],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[36,128060,128061],{"href":124505},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128063,66187],{},[155,128065,128066,128069,128072,128075],{},[158,128067,128068],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[158,128070,128071],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[158,128073,128074],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[158,128076,8578,128077,44772,128079,3041,128081,111534],{},[15,128078,126395],{},[15,128080,124508],{},[15,128082,41795],{},[20,128084,30280],{},[46,128086,128088],{"className":48,"code":128087,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128089,128090,128100,128114,128136,128162],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128091,128092,128094,128096,128098],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128093,121],{"class":120},[55,128095,103],{"class":69},[55,128097,34850],{"class":99},[55,128099,114],{"class":69},[55,128101,128102,128104,128106,128108,128110,128112],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,128103,121],{"class":120},[55,128105,103],{"class":69},[55,128107,41921],{"class":120},[55,128109,103],{"class":69},[55,128111,34850],{"class":99},[55,128113,1867],{"class":69},[55,128115,128116,128118,128120,128122,128124,128126,128128,128130,128132,128134],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,128117,121],{"class":120},[55,128119,103],{"class":69},[55,128121,34850],{"class":99},[55,128123,44],{"class":69},[55,128125,126443],{"class":99},[55,128127,103],{"class":69},[55,128129,315],{"class":247},[55,128131,126450],{"class":251},[55,128133,315],{"class":247},[55,128135,1867],{"class":69},[55,128137,128138,128140,128142,128144,128146,128148,128150,128152,128154,128156,128158,128160],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,128139,121],{"class":120},[55,128141,103],{"class":69},[55,128143,34850],{"class":99},[55,128145,44],{"class":69},[55,128147,8801],{"class":99},[55,128149,8798],{"class":69},[55,128151,126443],{"class":99},[55,128153,103],{"class":69},[55,128155,315],{"class":247},[55,128157,126450],{"class":251},[55,128159,315],{"class":247},[55,128161,1867],{"class":69},[55,128163,128164,128166,128168,128170,128172,128174],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,128165,121],{"class":120},[55,128167,103],{"class":69},[55,128169,1910],{"class":1898},[55,128171,103],{"class":69},[55,128173,34850],{"class":99},[55,128175,1867],{"class":69},[142,128177,1986],{"id":1985},[577,128179,1990,128181,128183],{"id":128180},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128182,126395],{}," change the string?",[20,128185,128186,128187,3041,128189,44],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128188,3769],{},[15,128190,3838],{},[577,128192,2009,128194,128196],{"id":128193},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128195,126395],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128198,128199,128200,44],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128201,128202],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[577,128204,15052,128206,124673],{"id":128205},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128207,126395],{},[20,128209,128210,128211,3041,128213,128216],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128212,124067],{},[15,128214,128215],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[577,128218,2022,128220,352,128222,2027],{"id":128219},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128221,126395],{},[15,128223,124332],{},[20,128225,128226,128228,128229,128231],{},[15,128227,126395],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128230,124332],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[142,128233,2039],{"id":2038},[155,128235,128236,128242,128248,128252,128256],{},[158,128237,128238],{},[36,128239,126337,128240,43],{"href":127702},[15,128241,127705],{},[158,128243,128244],{},[36,128245,126337,128246,43],{"href":124064},[15,128247,124067],{},[158,128249,128250],{},[36,128251,124736],{"href":123592},[158,128253,128254],{},[36,128255,124743],{"href":124505},[158,128257,128258],{},[36,128259,125092],{"href":51120},[2080,128261,128262],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":128264},[128265,128266,128268,128269,128274,128275,128281,128282,128283,128291,128301],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":126503,"depth":91,"text":128267},"What endswith() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":126718,"depth":91,"text":126719,"children":128270},[128271,128272,128273],{"id":126632,"depth":117,"text":126632},{"id":36213,"depth":117,"text":36213},{"id":52804,"depth":117,"text":52804},{"id":17568,"depth":91,"text":17569},{"id":127131,"depth":91,"text":127132,"children":128276},[128277,128278,128279,128280],{"id":127135,"depth":117,"text":127136},{"id":127189,"depth":117,"text":127190},{"id":127246,"depth":117,"text":127247},{"id":127300,"depth":117,"text":127301},{"id":123983,"depth":91,"text":123984},{"id":127534,"depth":91,"text":127535},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":128284},[128285,128286,128287,128289],{"id":127714,"depth":117,"text":127715},{"id":127792,"depth":117,"text":127793},{"id":127889,"depth":117,"text":128288},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127977,"depth":117,"text":128290},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":128292},[128293,128295,128297,128299],{"id":128180,"depth":117,"text":128294},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128193,"depth":117,"text":128296},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128205,"depth":117,"text":128298},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128219,"depth":117,"text":128300},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126387,"description":128302},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128309,"title":128310,"body":128311,"description":129979,"extension":2124,"meta":129980,"navigation":428,"path":129981,"seo":129982,"stem":129983,"__hash__":129984},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128312,"toc":129952},[128313,128318,128323,128328,128333,128426,128436,128441,128446,128461,128463,128545,128553,128555,128557,128584,128586,128602,128609,128611,128719,128721,128726,128742,128744,128839,128847,128850,128856,128861,128866,128873,129012,129015,129028,129030,129034,129041,129111,129114,129163,129170,129177,129191,129196,129201,129247,129293,129309,129311,129316,129330,129333,129455,129460,129462,129467,129500,129503,129579,129581,129590,129604,129607,129691,129694,129805,129808,129836,129838,129845,129849,129855,129858,129864,129867,129874,129885,129891,129898,129900,129949],[10,128314,123337,128316,18],{"id":128315},"python-string-find-method",[15,128317,124332],{},[20,128319,123342,128320,128322],{},[15,128321,124332],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128324,128325,128326,44],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128327,65978],{},[20,128329,31,128330,128332],{},[15,128331,124332],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[46,128334,128336],{"className":48,"code":128335,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128337,128338,128350,128373,128386,128390,128413],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128339,128340,128342,128344,128346,128348],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128341,34829],{"class":61},[55,128343,66],{"class":65},[55,128345,258],{"class":247},[55,128347,60530],{"class":251},[55,128349,3522],{"class":247},[55,128351,128352,128354,128356,128358,128360,128363,128365,128367,128369,128371],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,128353,65044],{"class":61},[55,128355,66],{"class":65},[55,128357,42984],{"class":61},[55,128359,44],{"class":69},[55,128361,128362],{"class":99},"find",[55,128364,103],{"class":69},[55,128366,248],{"class":247},[55,128368,60715],{"class":251},[55,128370,248],{"class":247},[55,128372,114],{"class":69},[55,128374,128375,128377,128379,128381,128383],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,128376,121],{"class":120},[55,128378,103],{"class":69},[55,128380,65071],{"class":99},[55,128382,3825],{"class":69},[55,128384,128385],{"class":133},"   # 6\n",[55,128387,128388],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,128389,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,128391,128392,128395,128397,128399,128401,128403,128405,128407,128409,128411],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,128393,128394],{"class":61},"missing ",[55,128396,66],{"class":65},[55,128398,42984],{"class":61},[55,128400,44],{"class":69},[55,128402,128362],{"class":99},[55,128404,103],{"class":69},[55,128406,248],{"class":247},[55,128408,50],{"class":251},[55,128410,248],{"class":247},[55,128412,114],{"class":69},[55,128414,128415,128417,128419,128421,128423],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,128416,121],{"class":120},[55,128418,103],{"class":69},[55,128420,26917],{"class":99},[55,128422,3825],{"class":69},[55,128424,128425],{"class":133},"    # -1\n",[43722,128427,128428],{},[20,128429,31,128430,128432,128433,128435],{},[15,128431,124332],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128434,65978],{}," if the substring is not found.",[142,128437,145,128439,148],{"id":128438},"what-find-does",[15,128440,124332],{},[20,128442,128443,128445],{},[15,128444,124332],{}," is a string method that:",[155,128447,128448,128451,128454,128459],{},[158,128449,128450],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[158,128452,128453],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[158,128455,169,128456,128458],{},[15,128457,65978],{}," if no match is found",[158,128460,126523],{},[20,128462,230],{},[46,128464,128466],{"className":48,"code":128465,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128467,128468,128480,128484,128508,128532],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128469,128470,128472,128474,128476,128478],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128471,34829],{"class":61},[55,128473,66],{"class":65},[55,128475,258],{"class":247},[55,128477,1072],{"class":251},[55,128479,3522],{"class":247},[55,128481,128482],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,128483,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,128485,128486,128488,128490,128492,128494,128496,128498,128500,128502,128504,128506],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,128487,121],{"class":120},[55,128489,103],{"class":69},[55,128491,34850],{"class":99},[55,128493,44],{"class":69},[55,128495,128362],{"class":99},[55,128497,103],{"class":69},[55,128499,248],{"class":247},[55,128501,123430],{"class":251},[55,128503,248],{"class":247},[55,128505,5522],{"class":69},[55,128507,57768],{"class":133},[55,128509,128510,128512,128514,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524,128526,128528,128530],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,128511,121],{"class":120},[55,128513,103],{"class":69},[55,128515,34850],{"class":99},[55,128517,44],{"class":69},[55,128519,128362],{"class":99},[55,128521,103],{"class":69},[55,128523,248],{"class":247},[55,128525,2336],{"class":251},[55,128527,248],{"class":247},[55,128529,5522],{"class":69},[55,128531,128425],{"class":133},[55,128533,128534,128536,128538,128540,128542],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,128535,121],{"class":120},[55,128537,103],{"class":69},[55,128539,34850],{"class":99},[55,128541,3825],{"class":69},[55,128543,128544],{"class":133},"              # banana\n",[20,128546,341,128547,128550,128551,44],{},[15,128548,128549],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128552,106],{},[142,128554,2319],{"id":2318},[20,128556,2322],{},[46,128558,128560],{"className":48,"code":128559,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128561,128562],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128563,128564,128566,128568,128570,128572,128574,128576,128578,128580,128582],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128565,61298],{"class":61},[55,128567,44],{"class":69},[55,128569,128362],{"class":99},[55,128571,103],{"class":69},[55,128573,2633],{"class":99},[55,128575,77],{"class":69},[55,128577,36192],{"class":99},[55,128579,77],{"class":69},[55,128581,65165],{"class":99},[55,128583,114],{"class":69},[577,128585,17545],{"id":17544},[155,128587,128588,128592,128597],{},[158,128589,128590,123529],{},[15,128591,2633],{},[158,128593,128594,128596],{},[15,128595,36213],{},": optional starting position",[158,128598,128599,128601],{},[15,128600,52804],{},": optional ending position",[20,128603,128604,352,128606,128608],{},[15,128605,36213],{},[15,128607,52804],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128610,126666],{},[46,128612,128614],{"className":48,"code":128613,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128615,128616,128628,128632,128657,128686],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128617,128618,128620,128622,128624,128626],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128619,34829],{"class":61},[55,128621,66],{"class":65},[55,128623,258],{"class":247},[55,128625,60530],{"class":251},[55,128627,3522],{"class":247},[55,128629,128630],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,128631,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,128633,128634,128636,128638,128640,128642,128644,128646,128648,128650,128652,128654],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,128635,121],{"class":120},[55,128637,103],{"class":69},[55,128639,34850],{"class":99},[55,128641,44],{"class":69},[55,128643,128362],{"class":99},[55,128645,103],{"class":69},[55,128647,248],{"class":247},[55,128649,60597],{"class":251},[55,128651,248],{"class":247},[55,128653,5522],{"class":69},[55,128655,128656],{"class":133},"        # 4\n",[55,128658,128659,128661,128663,128665,128667,128669,128671,128673,128675,128677,128679,128681,128683],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,128660,121],{"class":120},[55,128662,103],{"class":69},[55,128664,34850],{"class":99},[55,128666,44],{"class":69},[55,128668,128362],{"class":99},[55,128670,103],{"class":69},[55,128672,248],{"class":247},[55,128674,60597],{"class":251},[55,128676,248],{"class":247},[55,128678,77],{"class":69},[55,128680,4766],{"class":73},[55,128682,5522],{"class":69},[55,128684,128685],{"class":133},"     # 7\n",[55,128687,128688,128690,128692,128694,128696,128698,128700,128702,128704,128706,128708,128710,128712,128714,128716],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,128689,121],{"class":120},[55,128691,103],{"class":69},[55,128693,34850],{"class":99},[55,128695,44],{"class":69},[55,128697,128362],{"class":99},[55,128699,103],{"class":69},[55,128701,248],{"class":247},[55,128703,60597],{"class":251},[55,128705,248],{"class":247},[55,128707,77],{"class":69},[55,128709,4766],{"class":73},[55,128711,77],{"class":69},[55,128713,6151],{"class":73},[55,128715,5522],{"class":69},[55,128717,128718],{"class":133},"  # -1\n",[142,128720,38160],{"id":38159},[20,128722,57667,128723,128725],{},[15,128724,124332],{}," is always an integer.",[155,128727,128728,128734,128737],{},[158,128729,128730,128731,128733],{},"A number ",[15,128732,227],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[158,128735,128736],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[158,128738,128739,128741],{},[15,128740,65978],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128743,230],{},[46,128745,128747],{"className":48,"code":128746,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128748,128749,128761,128765,128790,128815],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128750,128751,128753,128755,128757,128759],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128752,34829],{"class":61},[55,128754,66],{"class":65},[55,128756,258],{"class":247},[55,128758,50],{"class":251},[55,128760,3522],{"class":247},[55,128762,128763],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,128764,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,128766,128767,128769,128771,128773,128775,128777,128779,128781,128784,128786,128788],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,128768,121],{"class":120},[55,128770,103],{"class":69},[55,128772,34850],{"class":99},[55,128774,44],{"class":69},[55,128776,128362],{"class":99},[55,128778,103],{"class":69},[55,128780,248],{"class":247},[55,128782,128783],{"class":251},"py",[55,128785,248],{"class":247},[55,128787,5522],{"class":69},[55,128789,20915],{"class":133},[55,128791,128792,128794,128796,128798,128800,128802,128804,128806,128809,128811,128813],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,128793,121],{"class":120},[55,128795,103],{"class":69},[55,128797,34850],{"class":99},[55,128799,44],{"class":69},[55,128801,128362],{"class":99},[55,128803,103],{"class":69},[55,128805,248],{"class":247},[55,128807,128808],{"class":251},"th",[55,128810,248],{"class":247},[55,128812,5522],{"class":69},[55,128814,57768],{"class":133},[55,128816,128817,128819,128821,128823,128825,128827,128829,128831,128833,128835,128837],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,128818,121],{"class":120},[55,128820,103],{"class":69},[55,128822,34850],{"class":99},[55,128824,44],{"class":69},[55,128826,128362],{"class":99},[55,128828,103],{"class":69},[55,128830,248],{"class":247},[55,128832,22224],{"class":251},[55,128834,248],{"class":247},[55,128836,5522],{"class":69},[55,128838,128425],{"class":133},[20,128840,89892,128841,8616,128843,3041,128845,44],{},[15,128842,124332],{},[15,128844,3769],{},[15,128846,3838],{},[20,128848,128849],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[142,128851,8578,128852,352,128854],{"id":65531},[15,128853,36213],{},[15,128855,52804],{},[20,128857,31,128858,128860],{},[15,128859,36213],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128862,31,128863,128865],{},[15,128864,52804],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128867,568,128868,75444,128870,128872],{},[15,128869,52804],{},[1966,128871,65194],{}," in the search.",[46,128874,128876],{"className":48,"code":128875,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128877,128878,128891,128895,128919,128948,128980],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128879,128880,128882,128884,128886,128889],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128881,34829],{"class":61},[55,128883,66],{"class":65},[55,128885,258],{"class":247},[55,128887,128888],{"class":251},"one two three two",[55,128890,3522],{"class":247},[55,128892,128893],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,128894,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,128896,128897,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907,128909,128911,128913,128915,128917],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,128898,121],{"class":120},[55,128900,103],{"class":69},[55,128902,34850],{"class":99},[55,128904,44],{"class":69},[55,128906,128362],{"class":99},[55,128908,103],{"class":69},[55,128910,248],{"class":247},[55,128912,79253],{"class":251},[55,128914,248],{"class":247},[55,128916,5522],{"class":69},[55,128918,128656],{"class":133},[55,128920,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935,128937,128939,128941,128943,128945],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,128922,121],{"class":120},[55,128924,103],{"class":69},[55,128926,34850],{"class":99},[55,128928,44],{"class":69},[55,128930,128362],{"class":99},[55,128932,103],{"class":69},[55,128934,248],{"class":247},[55,128936,79253],{"class":251},[55,128938,248],{"class":247},[55,128940,77],{"class":69},[55,128942,4766],{"class":73},[55,128944,5522],{"class":69},[55,128946,128947],{"class":133},"     # 14\n",[55,128949,128950,128952,128954,128956,128958,128960,128962,128964,128966,128968,128970,128972,128974,128976,128978],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,128951,121],{"class":120},[55,128953,103],{"class":69},[55,128955,34850],{"class":99},[55,128957,44],{"class":69},[55,128959,128362],{"class":99},[55,128961,103],{"class":69},[55,128963,248],{"class":247},[55,128965,79253],{"class":251},[55,128967,248],{"class":247},[55,128969,77],{"class":69},[55,128971,3997],{"class":73},[55,128973,77],{"class":69},[55,128975,6151],{"class":73},[55,128977,5522],{"class":69},[55,128979,51080],{"class":133},[55,128981,128982,128984,128986,128988,128990,128992,128994,128996,128998,129000,129002,129004,129006,129008,129010],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,128983,121],{"class":120},[55,128985,103],{"class":69},[55,128987,34850],{"class":99},[55,128989,44],{"class":69},[55,128991,128362],{"class":99},[55,128993,103],{"class":69},[55,128995,248],{"class":247},[55,128997,79253],{"class":251},[55,128999,248],{"class":247},[55,129001,77],{"class":69},[55,129003,3997],{"class":73},[55,129005,77],{"class":69},[55,129007,85],{"class":73},[55,129009,5522],{"class":69},[55,129011,128718],{"class":133},[20,129013,129014],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129016,129017,129018,55198,129022,44],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[36,129019,129021],{"href":129020},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[36,129023,129025,129027],{"href":129024},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129026,60655],{}," string method",[142,129029,123984],{"id":123983},[20,129031,129032,123795],{},[15,129033,124332],{},[20,129035,127382,129036,352,129038,129040],{},[15,129037,90400],{},[15,129039,64659],{}," are treated as different text.",[46,129042,129044],{"className":48,"code":129043,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129045,129046,129059,129063,129087],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129047,129048,129050,129052,129054,129057],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129049,34829],{"class":61},[55,129051,66],{"class":65},[55,129053,258],{"class":247},[55,129055,129056],{"class":251},"Hello World",[55,129058,3522],{"class":247},[55,129060,129061],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,129062,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,129064,129065,129067,129069,129071,129073,129075,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,129066,121],{"class":120},[55,129068,103],{"class":69},[55,129070,34850],{"class":99},[55,129072,44],{"class":69},[55,129074,128362],{"class":99},[55,129076,103],{"class":69},[55,129078,248],{"class":247},[55,129080,35009],{"class":251},[55,129082,248],{"class":247},[55,129084,5522],{"class":69},[55,129086,51391],{"class":133},[55,129088,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097,129099,129101,129103,129105,129107,129109],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,129090,121],{"class":120},[55,129092,103],{"class":69},[55,129094,34850],{"class":99},[55,129096,44],{"class":69},[55,129098,128362],{"class":99},[55,129100,103],{"class":69},[55,129102,248],{"class":247},[55,129104,4009],{"class":251},[55,129106,248],{"class":247},[55,129108,5522],{"class":69},[55,129110,128718],{"class":133},[20,129112,129113],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[46,129115,129117],{"className":48,"code":129116,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129118,129119,129131,129135],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129120,129121,129123,129125,129127,129129],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129122,34829],{"class":61},[55,129124,66],{"class":65},[55,129126,258],{"class":247},[55,129128,129056],{"class":251},[55,129130,3522],{"class":247},[55,129132,129133],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,129134,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,129136,129137,129139,129141,129143,129145,129147,129149,129151,129153,129155,129157,129159,129161],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,129138,121],{"class":120},[55,129140,103],{"class":69},[55,129142,34850],{"class":99},[55,129144,44],{"class":69},[55,129146,8801],{"class":99},[55,129148,8798],{"class":69},[55,129150,128362],{"class":99},[55,129152,103],{"class":69},[55,129154,248],{"class":247},[55,129156,4009],{"class":251},[55,129158,248],{"class":247},[55,129160,5522],{"class":69},[55,129162,51391],{"class":133},[142,129164,129166,982,129168],{"id":129165},"find-vs-index",[15,129167,124332],{},[15,129169,59091],{},[20,129171,129172,352,129174,129176],{},[15,129173,124332],{},[15,129175,59091],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[155,129178,129179,129185],{},[158,129180,129181,2558,129183],{},[15,129182,124332],{},[15,129184,65978],{},[158,129186,129187,52639,129189],{},[15,129188,59091],{},[15,129190,40845],{},[20,129192,31,129193,129195],{},[15,129194,124332],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129197,31,129198,129200],{},[15,129199,59091],{}," when the value must exist.",[46,129202,129204],{"className":48,"code":129203,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129205,129206,129218,129222],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129207,129208,129210,129212,129214,129216],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129209,34829],{"class":61},[55,129211,66],{"class":65},[55,129213,258],{"class":247},[55,129215,4009],{"class":251},[55,129217,3522],{"class":247},[55,129219,129220],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,129221,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,129223,129224,129226,129228,129230,129232,129234,129236,129238,129240,129242,129244],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,129225,121],{"class":120},[55,129227,103],{"class":69},[55,129229,34850],{"class":99},[55,129231,44],{"class":69},[55,129233,128362],{"class":99},[55,129235,103],{"class":69},[55,129237,248],{"class":247},[55,129239,2336],{"class":251},[55,129241,248],{"class":247},[55,129243,5522],{"class":69},[55,129245,129246],{"class":133},"   # -1\n",[46,129248,129250],{"className":48,"code":129249,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129251,129252,129264,129268],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129253,129254,129256,129258,129260,129262],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129255,34829],{"class":61},[55,129257,66],{"class":65},[55,129259,258],{"class":247},[55,129261,4009],{"class":251},[55,129263,3522],{"class":247},[55,129265,129266],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,129267,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,129269,129270,129272,129274,129276,129278,129280,129282,129284,129286,129288,129290],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,129271,121],{"class":120},[55,129273,103],{"class":69},[55,129275,34850],{"class":99},[55,129277,44],{"class":69},[55,129279,201],{"class":99},[55,129281,103],{"class":69},[55,129283,248],{"class":247},[55,129285,2336],{"class":251},[55,129287,248],{"class":247},[55,129289,5522],{"class":69},[55,129291,129292],{"class":133},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129294,129295,129296,129300,129301,129303,129304,44],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[36,129297,129298,129027],{"href":124357},[15,129299,59091],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129302,59091],{},", read ",[36,129305,25824,129306],{"href":73464},[15,129307,129308],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[142,129310,41187],{"id":41186},[20,129312,35547,129313,129315],{},[15,129314,124332],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[155,129317,129318,129321,129324,129327],{},[158,129319,129320],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[158,129322,129323],{},"Get the position of a word",[158,129325,129326],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[158,129328,129329],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129331,129332],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[46,129334,129336],{"className":48,"code":129335,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129337,129338,129351,129374,129378,129393,129409,129428,129442],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129339,129340,129342,129344,129346,129349],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129341,34829],{"class":61},[55,129343,66],{"class":65},[55,129345,258],{"class":247},[55,129347,129348],{"class":251},"name:Alice",[55,129350,3522],{"class":247},[55,129352,129353,129356,129358,129360,129362,129364,129366,129368,129370,129372],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,129354,129355],{"class":61},"colon_pos ",[55,129357,66],{"class":65},[55,129359,42984],{"class":61},[55,129361,44],{"class":69},[55,129363,128362],{"class":99},[55,129365,103],{"class":69},[55,129367,248],{"class":247},[55,129369,153],{"class":251},[55,129371,248],{"class":247},[55,129373,114],{"class":69},[55,129375,129376],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,129377,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,129379,129380,129382,129385,129387,129389,129391],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,129381,7157],{"class":4040},[55,129383,129384],{"class":61}," colon_pos ",[55,129386,72574],{"class":65},[55,129388,2385],{"class":65},[55,129390,74],{"class":73},[55,129392,6552],{"class":69},[55,129394,129395,129398,129400,129402,129404,129407],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,129396,129397],{"class":61},"    label ",[55,129399,66],{"class":65},[55,129401,42984],{"class":61},[55,129403,75517],{"class":69},[55,129405,129406],{"class":61},"colon_pos",[55,129408,88],{"class":69},[55,129410,129411,129413,129415,129417,129419,129421,129423,129425],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,129412,27545],{"class":61},[55,129414,66],{"class":65},[55,129416,42984],{"class":61},[55,129418,312],{"class":69},[55,129420,129355],{"class":61},[55,129422,2220],{"class":65},[55,129424,630],{"class":73},[55,129426,129427],{"class":69},":]\n",[55,129429,129430,129432,129434,129437,129439],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,129431,8230],{"class":120},[55,129433,103],{"class":69},[55,129435,129436],{"class":99},"label",[55,129438,3825],{"class":69},[55,129440,129441],{"class":133},"  # name\n",[55,129443,129444,129446,129448,129450,129452],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,129445,8230],{"class":120},[55,129447,103],{"class":69},[55,129449,2633],{"class":99},[55,129451,3825],{"class":69},[55,129453,129454],{"class":133},"  # Alice\n",[20,129456,129457,129458,44],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[36,129459,127373],{"href":123592},[142,129461,2992],{"id":2991},[20,129463,129464,129465,153],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129466,124332],{},[155,129468,129469,129478,129484,129489,129495],{},[158,129470,1553,129471,8616,129473,3041,129475,129477],{},[15,129472,124332],{},[15,129474,3769],{},[15,129476,3838],{}," instead of an index",[158,129479,129480,129481,129483],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129482,65978],{}," when the substring is missing",[158,129485,8578,129486,129488],{},[15,129487,124332],{}," without handling case differences",[158,129490,37343,129491,8866,129493],{},[15,129492,124332],{},[15,129494,59091],{},[158,129496,4740,129497,129499],{},[15,129498,124332],{}," changes the string",[20,129501,129502],{},"Example of a mistake:",[46,129504,129506],{"className":48,"code":129505,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129507,129508,129520,129524,129544,129559,129565],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129509,129510,129512,129514,129516,129518],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129511,34829],{"class":61},[55,129513,66],{"class":65},[55,129515,258],{"class":247},[55,129517,4009],{"class":251},[55,129519,3522],{"class":247},[55,129521,129522],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,129523,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,129525,129526,129528,129530,129532,129534,129536,129538,129540,129542],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,129527,7157],{"class":4040},[55,129529,42984],{"class":61},[55,129531,44],{"class":69},[55,129533,128362],{"class":99},[55,129535,103],{"class":69},[55,129537,248],{"class":247},[55,129539,60562],{"class":251},[55,129541,248],{"class":247},[55,129543,8502],{"class":69},[55,129545,129546,129548,129550,129552,129555,129557],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,129547,8230],{"class":120},[55,129549,103],{"class":69},[55,129551,248],{"class":247},[55,129553,129554],{"class":251},"Found",[55,129556,248],{"class":247},[55,129558,114],{"class":69},[55,129560,129561,129563],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,129562,27578],{"class":4040},[55,129564,6552],{"class":69},[55,129566,129567,129569,129571,129573,129575,129577],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,129568,8230],{"class":120},[55,129570,103],{"class":69},[55,129572,248],{"class":247},[55,129574,26459],{"class":251},[55,129576,248],{"class":247},[55,129578,114],{"class":69},[20,129580,99898],{},[46,129582,129584],{"className":48,"code":129583,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Not found\n",[15,129585,129586],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129587,129588],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129589,129583],{"class":61},[20,129591,45846,129592,129595,129596,17222,129598,129600,129601,129603],{},[15,129593,129594],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129597,227],{},[15,129599,227],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129602,7157],{}," statement.",[20,129605,129606],{},"A safer version is:",[46,129608,129610],{"className":48,"code":129609,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129611,129612,129624,129628,129657,129671,129677],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129613,129614,129616,129618,129620,129622],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129615,34829],{"class":61},[55,129617,66],{"class":65},[55,129619,258],{"class":247},[55,129621,4009],{"class":251},[55,129623,3522],{"class":247},[55,129625,129626],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,129627,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,129629,129630,129632,129634,129636,129638,129640,129642,129644,129646,129648,129651,129653,129655],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,129631,7157],{"class":4040},[55,129633,42984],{"class":61},[55,129635,44],{"class":69},[55,129637,128362],{"class":99},[55,129639,103],{"class":69},[55,129641,248],{"class":247},[55,129643,60562],{"class":251},[55,129645,248],{"class":247},[55,129647,3825],{"class":69},[55,129649,129650],{"class":65}," !=",[55,129652,2385],{"class":65},[55,129654,74],{"class":73},[55,129656,6552],{"class":69},[55,129658,129659,129661,129663,129665,129667,129669],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,129660,8230],{"class":120},[55,129662,103],{"class":69},[55,129664,248],{"class":247},[55,129666,129554],{"class":251},[55,129668,248],{"class":247},[55,129670,114],{"class":69},[55,129672,129673,129675],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,129674,27578],{"class":4040},[55,129676,6552],{"class":69},[55,129678,129679,129681,129683,129685,129687,129689],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,129680,8230],{"class":120},[55,129682,103],{"class":69},[55,129684,248],{"class":247},[55,129686,26459],{"class":251},[55,129688,248],{"class":247},[55,129690,114],{"class":69},[20,129692,129693],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[46,129695,129697],{"className":48,"code":129696,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129698,129699,129721,129735,129761,129775],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129700,129701,129703,129705,129707,129709,129711,129713,129715,129717,129719],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129702,121],{"class":120},[55,129704,103],{"class":69},[55,129706,34850],{"class":99},[55,129708,44],{"class":69},[55,129710,128362],{"class":99},[55,129712,103],{"class":69},[55,129714,315],{"class":247},[55,129716,38531],{"class":251},[55,129718,315],{"class":247},[55,129720,1867],{"class":69},[55,129722,129723,129725,129727,129729,129731,129733],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,129724,121],{"class":120},[55,129726,103],{"class":69},[55,129728,41921],{"class":120},[55,129730,103],{"class":69},[55,129732,34850],{"class":99},[55,129734,1867],{"class":69},[55,129736,129737,129739,129741,129743,129745,129747,129749,129751,129753,129755,129757,129759],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,129738,121],{"class":120},[55,129740,103],{"class":69},[55,129742,34850],{"class":99},[55,129744,44],{"class":69},[55,129746,8801],{"class":99},[55,129748,8798],{"class":69},[55,129750,128362],{"class":99},[55,129752,103],{"class":69},[55,129754,315],{"class":247},[55,129756,38531],{"class":251},[55,129758,315],{"class":247},[55,129760,1867],{"class":69},[55,129762,129763,129765,129767,129769,129771,129773],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,129764,121],{"class":120},[55,129766,103],{"class":69},[55,129768,1860],{"class":120},[55,129770,103],{"class":69},[55,129772,34850],{"class":99},[55,129774,1867],{"class":69},[55,129776,129777,129779,129781,129783,129785,129787,129789,129791,129793,129795,129797,129799,129801,129803],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,129778,121],{"class":120},[55,129780,103],{"class":69},[55,129782,34850],{"class":99},[55,129784,44],{"class":69},[55,129786,128362],{"class":99},[55,129788,103],{"class":69},[55,129790,315],{"class":247},[55,129792,38531],{"class":251},[55,129794,315],{"class":247},[55,129796,77],{"class":69},[55,129798,36192],{"class":99},[55,129800,77],{"class":69},[55,129802,65165],{"class":99},[55,129804,1867],{"class":69},[20,129806,129807],{},"These help you check:",[155,129809,129810,129815,129820,129825,129828],{},[158,129811,129812,129813],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129814,124332],{},[158,129816,129817,129818],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129819,122551],{},[158,129821,129822,129823],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129824,124067],{},[158,129826,129827],{},"The string length",[158,129829,129830,129831,352,129833,129835],{},"Whether your ",[15,129832,36213],{},[15,129834,52804],{}," values are correct",[142,129837,1986],{"id":1985},[577,129839,129841,129842,129844],{"id":129840},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129843,124332],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129846,5309,129847,44],{},[15,129848,65978],{},[577,129850,1990,129852,129854],{"id":129851},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129853,124332],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129856,129857],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[577,129859,129861,129862,124673],{"id":129860},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129863,124332],{},[20,129865,129866],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[577,129868,2022,129870,352,129872,69637],{"id":129869},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129871,124332],{},[15,129873,59091],{},[20,129875,129876,2558,129878,129880,129881,52639,129883,44],{},[15,129877,124332],{},[15,129879,65978],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129882,59091],{},[15,129884,40845],{},[577,129886,28473,129888,129890],{"id":129887},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129889,124332],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129892,129893,129894,352,129896,66277],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129895,36213],{},[15,129897,52804],{},[142,129899,2039],{"id":2038},[155,129901,129902,129908,129914,129921,129927,129934,129938,129943],{},[158,129903,129904],{},[36,129905,126337,129906,43],{"href":124357},[15,129907,59091],{},[158,129909,129910],{},[36,129911,126337,129912,43],{"href":129024},[15,129913,60655],{},[158,129915,129916],{},[36,129917,126337,129919,43],{"href":129918},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129920,124508],{},[158,129922,129923],{},[36,129924,126337,129925,43],{"href":127702},[15,129926,127705],{},[158,129928,129929],{},[36,129930,126337,129932,43],{"href":129931},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129933,126395],{},[158,129935,129936],{},[36,129937,124736],{"href":123592},[158,129939,129940],{},[36,129941,129942],{"href":129020},"How to split a string in Python",[158,129944,129945],{},[36,129946,26266,129947],{"href":73464},[15,129948,129308],{},[2080,129950,129951],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":129953},[129954,129956,129959,129960,129961,129962,129964,129965,129966,129978],{"id":128438,"depth":91,"text":129955},"What find() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319,"children":129957},[129958],{"id":17544,"depth":117,"text":17545},{"id":38159,"depth":91,"text":38160},{"id":65531,"depth":91,"text":66313},{"id":123983,"depth":91,"text":123984},{"id":129165,"depth":91,"text":129963},"find() vs index()",{"id":41186,"depth":91,"text":41187},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":129967},[129968,129970,129972,129974,129976],{"id":129840,"depth":117,"text":129969},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129851,"depth":117,"text":129971},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129860,"depth":117,"text":129973},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129869,"depth":117,"text":129975},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129887,"depth":117,"text":129977},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128310,"description":129979},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129986,"title":129987,"body":129988,"description":131914,"extension":2124,"meta":131915,"navigation":428,"path":131916,"seo":131917,"stem":131918,"__hash__":131919},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129989,"toc":131882},[129990,129995,130000,130003,130005,130081,130085,130113,130121,130125,130130,130134,130151,130153,130220,130224,130246,130254,130256,130259,130283,130286,130300,130302,130387,130391,130403,130406,130410,130416,130466,130470,130487,130496,130499,130507,130510,130559,130563,130588,130591,130646,130650,130662,130668,130672,130678,130683,130750,130754,130780,130783,130794,130796,130863,130867,130892,130899,130903,130908,130915,130923,130925,130977,130981,130999,131001,131046,131050,131065,131068,131078,131085,131087,131091,131094,131105,131107,131167,131171,131199,131202,131208,131213,131216,131220,131264,131267,131305,131308,131316,131318,131323,131327,131330,131378,131381,131384,131440,131444,131449,131452,131501,131503,131552,131558,131563,131565,131612,131616,131629,131631,131682,131688,131691,131695,131698,131704,131709,131711,131714,131786,131789,131806,131808,131813,131816,131820,131826,131832,131839,131845,131851,131853,131879],[10,129991,123337,129993,18],{"id":129992},"python-string-format-method",[15,129994,126340],{},[20,129996,123342,129997,129999],{},[15,129998,126340],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130001,130002],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[142,130004,2165],{"id":2164},[46,130006,130008],{"className":48,"code":130007,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130009,130010,130022,130030,130034,130071],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130011,130012,130014,130016,130018,130020],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130013,8037],{"class":61},[55,130015,66],{"class":65},[55,130017,258],{"class":247},[55,130019,11668],{"class":251},[55,130021,3522],{"class":247},[55,130023,130024,130026,130028],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,130025,21775],{"class":61},[55,130027,66],{"class":65},[55,130029,88781],{"class":73},[55,130031,130032],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,130033,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,130035,130036,130038,130040,130042,130045,130047,130050,130052,130054,130056,130058,130061,130063,130065,130067,130069],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,130037,89989],{"class":61},[55,130039,66],{"class":65},[55,130041,258],{"class":247},[55,130043,130044],{"class":251},"My name is ",[55,130046,3955],{"class":73},[55,130048,130049],{"class":251}," and I am ",[55,130051,3955],{"class":73},[55,130053,122333],{"class":251},[55,130055,248],{"class":247},[55,130057,44],{"class":69},[55,130059,130060],{"class":99},"format",[55,130062,103],{"class":69},[55,130064,7829],{"class":99},[55,130066,77],{"class":69},[55,130068,9350],{"class":99},[55,130070,114],{"class":69},[55,130072,130073,130075,130077,130079],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,130074,121],{"class":120},[55,130076,103],{"class":69},[55,130078,90006],{"class":99},[55,130080,114],{"class":69},[20,130082,130083],{},[1966,130084,302],{},[46,130086,130088],{"className":48,"code":130087,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130089,130090],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130091,130092,130095,130097,130100,130103,130106,130109,130111],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130093,130094],{"class":61},"My name ",[55,130096,12350],{"class":65},[55,130098,130099],{"class":61}," Maya ",[55,130101,130102],{"class":65},"and",[55,130104,130105],{"class":61}," I am ",[55,130107,130108],{"class":73},"12",[55,130110,122366],{"class":61},[55,130112,122369],{"class":69},[20,130114,31,130115,130117,130118,130120],{},[15,130116,3955],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130119,126340],{}," in the same order.",[20,130122,125089,130123,44],{},[36,130124,125092],{"href":51120},[142,130126,13152,130128,13155],{"id":130127},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130129,126340],{},[20,130131,568,130132,11572],{},[15,130133,126340],{},[155,130135,130136,130139,130145,130148],{},[158,130137,130138],{},"inserts values into a string",[158,130140,130141,130142,130144],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130143,3955],{}," with given values",[158,130146,130147],{},"returns a new string",[158,130149,130150],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130152,230],{},[46,130154,130156],{"className":48,"code":130155,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130157,130158,130172,130195,130199,130210],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130159,130160,130162,130164,130166,130168,130170],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130161,34829],{"class":61},[55,130163,66],{"class":65},[55,130165,258],{"class":247},[55,130167,45044],{"class":251},[55,130169,3955],{"class":73},[55,130171,3522],{"class":247},[55,130173,130174,130177,130179,130181,130183,130185,130187,130189,130191,130193],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,130175,130176],{"class":61},"new_text ",[55,130178,66],{"class":65},[55,130180,42984],{"class":61},[55,130182,44],{"class":69},[55,130184,130060],{"class":99},[55,130186,103],{"class":69},[55,130188,248],{"class":247},[55,130190,7838],{"class":251},[55,130192,248],{"class":247},[55,130194,114],{"class":69},[55,130196,130197],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,130198,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,130200,130201,130203,130205,130208],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,130202,121],{"class":120},[55,130204,103],{"class":69},[55,130206,130207],{"class":99},"new_text",[55,130209,114],{"class":69},[55,130211,130212,130214,130216,130218],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,130213,121],{"class":120},[55,130215,103],{"class":69},[55,130217,34850],{"class":99},[55,130219,114],{"class":69},[20,130221,130222],{},[1966,130223,302],{},[46,130225,130227],{"className":48,"code":130226,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130228,130229,130238],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130230,130231,130233,130235],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130232,35009],{"class":61},[55,130234,77],{"class":69},[55,130236,130237],{"class":61}," Sam\n",[55,130239,130240,130242,130244],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,130241,35009],{"class":61},[55,130243,77],{"class":69},[55,130245,10000],{"class":69},[20,130247,2448,130248,130250,130251,130253],{},[15,130249,34850],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130252,126340],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[142,130255,2319],{"id":2318},[20,130257,130258],{},"The general form is:",[46,130260,130262],{"className":48,"code":130261,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130263,130264],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130265,130266,130268,130271,130273,130275,130277,130279,130281],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130267,248],{"class":43470},[55,130269,130270],{"class":43474},"text {}",[55,130272,248],{"class":43470},[55,130274,44],{"class":69},[55,130276,130060],{"class":99},[55,130278,103],{"class":69},[55,130280,2633],{"class":99},[55,130282,114],{"class":69},[20,130284,130285],{},"Key idea:",[155,130287,130288,130294,130297],{},[158,130289,130290,130291,130293],{},"each ",[15,130292,3955],{}," is a placeholder",[158,130295,130296],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[158,130298,130299],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130301,230],{},[46,130303,130305],{"className":48,"code":130304,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130306,130307,130320,130334,130338,130376],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130308,130309,130312,130314,130316,130318],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130310,130311],{"class":61},"animal ",[55,130313,66],{"class":65},[55,130315,258],{"class":247},[55,130317,37186],{"class":251},[55,130319,3522],{"class":247},[55,130321,130322,130325,130327,130329,130332],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,130323,130324],{"class":61},"sound ",[55,130326,66],{"class":65},[55,130328,258],{"class":247},[55,130330,130331],{"class":251},"meow",[55,130333,3522],{"class":247},[55,130335,130336],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,130337,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,130339,130340,130343,130345,130347,130349,130351,130354,130356,130358,130360,130362,130364,130366,130369,130371,130374],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,130341,130342],{"class":61},"sentence ",[55,130344,66],{"class":65},[55,130346,258],{"class":247},[55,130348,568],{"class":251},[55,130350,3955],{"class":73},[55,130352,130353],{"class":251}," says ",[55,130355,3955],{"class":73},[55,130357,44],{"class":251},[55,130359,248],{"class":247},[55,130361,44],{"class":69},[55,130363,130060],{"class":99},[55,130365,103],{"class":69},[55,130367,130368],{"class":99},"animal",[55,130370,77],{"class":69},[55,130372,130373],{"class":99}," sound",[55,130375,114],{"class":69},[55,130377,130378,130380,130382,130385],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,130379,121],{"class":120},[55,130381,103],{"class":69},[55,130383,130384],{"class":99},"sentence",[55,130386,114],{"class":69},[20,130388,130389],{},[1966,130390,302],{},[46,130392,130394],{"className":48,"code":130393,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130395,130396],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130397,130398,130401],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130399,130400],{"class":61},"The cat says meow",[55,130402,122369],{"class":69},[20,130404,130405],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[142,130407,130409],{"id":130408},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130411,130412,130413,130415],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130414,3955],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[46,130417,130419],{"className":48,"code":130418,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130420,130421],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130422,130423,130425,130427,130429,130432,130434,130436,130438,130440,130442,130444,130446,130448,130450,130453,130455,130457,130459,130462,130464],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130424,121],{"class":120},[55,130426,103],{"class":69},[55,130428,248],{"class":247},[55,130430,130431],{"class":251},"I like ",[55,130433,3955],{"class":73},[55,130435,352],{"class":251},[55,130437,3955],{"class":73},[55,130439,44],{"class":251},[55,130441,248],{"class":247},[55,130443,44],{"class":69},[55,130445,130060],{"class":99},[55,130447,103],{"class":69},[55,130449,248],{"class":247},[55,130451,130452],{"class":251},"pizza",[55,130454,248],{"class":247},[55,130456,77],{"class":69},[55,130458,258],{"class":247},[55,130460,130461],{"class":251},"pasta",[55,130463,248],{"class":247},[55,130465,1867],{"class":69},[20,130467,130468],{},[1966,130469,302],{},[46,130471,130473],{"className":48,"code":130472,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130474,130475],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130476,130477,130480,130482,130485],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130478,130479],{"class":61},"I like pizza ",[55,130481,130102],{"class":65},[55,130483,130484],{"class":61}," pasta",[55,130486,122369],{"class":69},[20,130488,130489,130490,352,130493,44],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130491,130492],{},"{0}",[15,130494,130495],{},"{1}",[20,130497,130498],{},"This is helpful when:",[155,130500,130501,130504],{},[158,130502,130503],{},"you want to reuse a value",[158,130505,130506],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130508,130509],{},"Example with reused values:",[46,130511,130513],{"className":48,"code":130512,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130514,130515,130549],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130516,130517,130519,130521,130523,130525,130528,130530,130533,130535,130537,130539,130541,130543,130545,130547],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130518,34829],{"class":61},[55,130520,66],{"class":65},[55,130522,258],{"class":247},[55,130524,130492],{"class":73},[55,130526,130527],{"class":251}," is learning Python. ",[55,130529,130492],{"class":73},[55,130531,130532],{"class":251}," likes coding.",[55,130534,248],{"class":247},[55,130536,44],{"class":69},[55,130538,130060],{"class":99},[55,130540,103],{"class":69},[55,130542,248],{"class":247},[55,130544,20029],{"class":251},[55,130546,248],{"class":247},[55,130548,114],{"class":69},[55,130550,130551,130553,130555,130557],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,130552,121],{"class":120},[55,130554,103],{"class":69},[55,130556,34850],{"class":99},[55,130558,114],{"class":69},[20,130560,130561],{},[1966,130562,302],{},[46,130564,130566],{"className":48,"code":130565,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130567,130568],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130569,130570,130573,130575,130578,130580,130583,130586],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130571,130572],{"class":61},"Lina ",[55,130574,12350],{"class":65},[55,130576,130577],{"class":61}," learning Python",[55,130579,44],{"class":69},[55,130581,130582],{"class":1880}," Lina",[55,130584,130585],{"class":61}," likes coding",[55,130587,122369],{"class":69},[20,130589,130590],{},"Example with changed order:",[46,130592,130594],{"className":48,"code":130593,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130595,130596,130636],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130597,130598,130600,130602,130604,130606,130608,130610,130612,130614,130616,130618,130620,130622,130624,130626,130628,130630,130632,130634],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130599,34829],{"class":61},[55,130601,66],{"class":65},[55,130603,258],{"class":247},[55,130605,130495],{"class":73},[55,130607,83308],{"class":251},[55,130609,130492],{"class":73},[55,130611,44],{"class":251},[55,130613,248],{"class":247},[55,130615,44],{"class":69},[55,130617,130060],{"class":99},[55,130619,103],{"class":69},[55,130621,248],{"class":247},[55,130623,6744],{"class":251},[55,130625,248],{"class":247},[55,130627,77],{"class":69},[55,130629,258],{"class":247},[55,130631,79253],{"class":251},[55,130633,248],{"class":247},[55,130635,114],{"class":69},[55,130637,130638,130640,130642,130644],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,130639,121],{"class":120},[55,130641,103],{"class":69},[55,130643,34850],{"class":99},[55,130645,114],{"class":69},[20,130647,130648],{},[1966,130649,302],{},[46,130651,130653],{"className":48,"code":130652,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130654,130655],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130656,130657,130660],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130658,130659],{"class":61},"two comes after one",[55,130661,122369],{"class":69},[20,130663,130664,130665,130667],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130666,3955],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[142,130669,130671],{"id":130670},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130673,130674,130675,44],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130676,130677],{},"{name}",[20,130679,130680,130681,153],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130682,126340],{},[46,130684,130686],{"className":48,"code":130685,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130687,130688,130740],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130689,130690,130692,130694,130696,130698,130700,130703,130706,130708,130710,130712,130714,130716,130718,130720,130722,130724,130726,130728,130730,130732,130734,130736,130738],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130691,34829],{"class":61},[55,130693,66],{"class":65},[55,130695,258],{"class":247},[55,130697,130044],{"class":251},[55,130699,130677],{"class":73},[55,130701,130702],{"class":251}," and I live in ",[55,130704,130705],{"class":73},"{city}",[55,130707,44],{"class":251},[55,130709,248],{"class":247},[55,130711,44],{"class":69},[55,130713,130060],{"class":99},[55,130715,103],{"class":69},[55,130717,7829],{"class":9337},[55,130719,66],{"class":65},[55,130721,248],{"class":247},[55,130723,13036],{"class":251},[55,130725,248],{"class":247},[55,130727,77],{"class":69},[55,130729,31529],{"class":9337},[55,130731,66],{"class":65},[55,130733,248],{"class":247},[55,130735,16181],{"class":251},[55,130737,248],{"class":247},[55,130739,114],{"class":69},[55,130741,130742,130744,130746,130748],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,130743,121],{"class":120},[55,130745,103],{"class":69},[55,130747,34850],{"class":99},[55,130749,114],{"class":69},[20,130751,130752],{},[1966,130753,302],{},[46,130755,130757],{"className":48,"code":130756,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130758,130759],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130760,130761,130763,130765,130768,130770,130773,130775,130778],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130762,130094],{"class":61},[55,130764,12350],{"class":65},[55,130766,130767],{"class":61}," Ana ",[55,130769,130102],{"class":65},[55,130771,130772],{"class":61}," I live ",[55,130774,4047],{"class":65},[55,130776,130777],{"class":61}," Lima",[55,130779,122369],{"class":69},[20,130781,130782],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[155,130784,130785,130788,130791],{},[158,130786,130787],{},"they make code easier to read",[158,130789,130790],{},"they help when a string has many values",[158,130792,130793],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130795,230],{},[46,130797,130799],{"className":48,"code":130798,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130800,130801,130853],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130802,130803,130806,130808,130810,130813,130816,130819,130822,130824,130826,130828,130830,130832,130834,130836,130839,130841,130843,130846,130848,130851],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130804,130805],{"class":61},"report ",[55,130807,66],{"class":65},[55,130809,258],{"class":247},[55,130811,130812],{"class":251},"Student: ",[55,130814,130815],{"class":73},"{student}",[55,130817,130818],{"class":251},", Score: ",[55,130820,130821],{"class":73},"{score}",[55,130823,248],{"class":247},[55,130825,44],{"class":69},[55,130827,130060],{"class":99},[55,130829,103],{"class":69},[55,130831,13776],{"class":9337},[55,130833,66],{"class":65},[55,130835,248],{"class":247},[55,130837,130838],{"class":251},"Noah",[55,130840,248],{"class":247},[55,130842,77],{"class":69},[55,130844,130845],{"class":9337}," score",[55,130847,66],{"class":65},[55,130849,130850],{"class":73},"95",[55,130852,114],{"class":69},[55,130854,130855,130857,130859,130861],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,130856,121],{"class":120},[55,130858,103],{"class":69},[55,130860,128050],{"class":99},[55,130862,114],{"class":69},[20,130864,130865],{},[1966,130866,302],{},[46,130868,130870],{"className":48,"code":130869,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130871,130872],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130873,130874,130877,130879,130882,130884,130887,130889],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130875,130876],{"class":61},"Student",[55,130878,153],{"class":69},[55,130880,130881],{"class":61}," Noah",[55,130883,77],{"class":69},[55,130885,130886],{"class":61}," Score",[55,130888,153],{"class":69},[55,130890,130891],{"class":73}," 95\n",[20,130893,130894,130895,44],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[36,130896,3740,130897,3673],{"href":42317},[15,130898,47827],{},[142,130900,130902],{"id":130901},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130904,130905,130907],{},[15,130906,126340],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130909,130910,130911,130914],{},"A common example is ",[15,130912,130913],{},":.2f",", which means:",[155,130916,130917,130920],{},[158,130918,130919],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[158,130921,130922],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130924,230],{},[46,130926,130928],{"className":48,"code":130927,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130929,130930,130938,130967],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130931,130932,130934,130936],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130933,40528],{"class":61},[55,130935,66],{"class":65},[55,130937,49420],{"class":73},[55,130939,130940,130942,130944,130946,130949,130951,130953,130955,130957,130959,130961,130963,130965],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,130941,34829],{"class":61},[55,130943,66],{"class":65},[55,130945,258],{"class":247},[55,130947,130948],{"class":251},"Price: $",[55,130950,9440],{"class":73},[55,130952,130913],{"class":2226},[55,130954,22450],{"class":73},[55,130956,248],{"class":247},[55,130958,44],{"class":69},[55,130960,130060],{"class":99},[55,130962,103],{"class":69},[55,130964,25294],{"class":99},[55,130966,114],{"class":69},[55,130968,130969,130971,130973,130975],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,130970,121],{"class":120},[55,130972,103],{"class":69},[55,130974,34850],{"class":99},[55,130976,114],{"class":69},[20,130978,130979],{},[1966,130980,302],{},[46,130982,130984],{"className":48,"code":130983,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130985,130986],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130987,130988,130991,130993,130996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130989,130990],{"class":61},"Price",[55,130992,153],{"class":69},[55,130994,130995],{"class":37506}," $",[55,130997,130998],{"class":73},"3.50\n",[20,131000,52224],{},[46,131002,131004],{"className":48,"code":131003,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131005,131006,131016],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131007,131008,131011,131013],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131009,131010],{"class":61},"average ",[55,131012,66],{"class":65},[55,131014,131015],{"class":73}," 91.236\n",[55,131017,131018,131020,131022,131024,131027,131029,131031,131033,131035,131037,131039,131041,131044],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,131019,121],{"class":120},[55,131021,103],{"class":69},[55,131023,248],{"class":247},[55,131025,131026],{"class":251},"Average: ",[55,131028,9440],{"class":73},[55,131030,130913],{"class":2226},[55,131032,22450],{"class":73},[55,131034,248],{"class":247},[55,131036,44],{"class":69},[55,131038,130060],{"class":99},[55,131040,103],{"class":69},[55,131042,131043],{"class":99},"average",[55,131045,1867],{"class":69},[20,131047,131048],{},[1966,131049,302],{},[46,131051,131053],{"className":48,"code":131052,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131054,131055],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131056,131057,131060,131062],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131058,131059],{"class":61},"Average",[55,131061,153],{"class":69},[55,131063,131064],{"class":73}," 91.24\n",[20,131066,131067],{},"This is useful for:",[155,131069,131070,131072,131075],{},[158,131071,83066],{},[158,131073,131074],{},"averages",[158,131076,131077],{},"percentages",[20,131079,131080,131081,44],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[36,131082,3740,131083,2465],{"href":46592},[15,131084,46595],{},[142,131086,17569],{"id":17568},[20,131088,131089,92503],{},[15,131090,126340],{},[20,131092,131093],{},"That means you can:",[155,131095,131096,131099,131102],{},[158,131097,131098],{},"save it in a variable",[158,131100,131101],{},"print it directly",[158,131103,131104],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131106,230],{},[46,131108,131110],{"className":48,"code":131109,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131111,131112,131143,131153],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131113,131114,131116,131118,131120,131122,131124,131126,131128,131130,131132,131134,131136,131139,131141],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131115,89989],{"class":61},[55,131117,66],{"class":65},[55,131119,258],{"class":247},[55,131121,45044],{"class":251},[55,131123,3955],{"class":73},[55,131125,89830],{"class":251},[55,131127,248],{"class":247},[55,131129,44],{"class":69},[55,131131,130060],{"class":99},[55,131133,103],{"class":69},[55,131135,248],{"class":247},[55,131137,131138],{"class":251},"Chris",[55,131140,248],{"class":247},[55,131142,114],{"class":69},[55,131144,131145,131147,131149,131151],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,131146,121],{"class":120},[55,131148,103],{"class":69},[55,131150,90006],{"class":99},[55,131152,114],{"class":69},[55,131154,131155,131157,131159,131161,131163,131165],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,131156,121],{"class":120},[55,131158,103],{"class":69},[55,131160,1910],{"class":1898},[55,131162,103],{"class":69},[55,131164,90006],{"class":99},[55,131166,1867],{"class":69},[20,131168,131169],{},[1966,131170,302],{},[46,131172,131174],{"className":48,"code":131173,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131175,131176,131185],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131177,131178,131180,131182],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131179,35009],{"class":61},[55,131181,77],{"class":69},[55,131183,131184],{"class":61}," Chris!\n",[55,131186,131187,131189,131191,131193,131195,131197],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,131188,3454],{"class":65},[55,131190,3457],{"class":2226},[55,131192,324],{"class":247},[55,131194,3607],{"class":251},[55,131196,315],{"class":247},[55,131198,3466],{"class":65},[20,131200,131201],{},"The original string is not changed.",[142,131203,131205,131207],{"id":131204},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131206,126340],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131209,131210,131212],{},[15,131211,126340],{}," is a string method.",[20,131214,131215],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131217,46183,131218,153],{},[15,131219,126340],{},[46,131221,131223],{"className":48,"code":131222,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131224,131225,131238],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131226,131227,131229,131231,131233,131236],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131228,8037],{"class":61},[55,131230,66],{"class":65},[55,131232,258],{"class":247},[55,131234,131235],{"class":251},"Rita",[55,131237,3522],{"class":247},[55,131239,131240,131242,131244,131246,131248,131250,131252,131254,131256,131258,131260,131262],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,131241,121],{"class":120},[55,131243,103],{"class":69},[55,131245,248],{"class":247},[55,131247,45044],{"class":251},[55,131249,3955],{"class":73},[55,131251,89830],{"class":251},[55,131253,248],{"class":247},[55,131255,44],{"class":69},[55,131257,130060],{"class":99},[55,131259,103],{"class":69},[55,131261,7829],{"class":99},[55,131263,1867],{"class":69},[20,131265,131266],{},"Example with an f-string:",[46,131268,131270],{"className":48,"code":131269,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131271,131272,131284],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131273,131274,131276,131278,131280,131282],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131275,8037],{"class":61},[55,131277,66],{"class":65},[55,131279,258],{"class":247},[55,131281,131235],{"class":251},[55,131283,3522],{"class":247},[55,131285,131286,131288,131290,131292,131294,131296,131298,131300,131303],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,131287,121],{"class":120},[55,131289,103],{"class":69},[55,131291,22441],{"class":2226},[55,131293,43488],{"class":251},[55,131295,9440],{"class":73},[55,131297,7829],{"class":99},[55,131299,22450],{"class":73},[55,131301,131302],{"class":251},"!\"",[55,131304,114],{"class":69},[20,131306,131307],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131309,131310,131311,131313,131314,44],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131312,126340],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[36,131315,89675],{"href":89674},[142,131317,2992],{"id":2991},[20,131319,131320,131321,44],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131322,126340],{},[577,131324,131326],{"id":131325},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131328,131329],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[46,131331,131333],{"className":48,"code":131332,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131334,131335,131368],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131336,131337,131339,131341,131343,131345,131347,131350,131352,131354,131356,131358,131360,131362,131364,131366],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131338,34829],{"class":61},[55,131340,66],{"class":65},[55,131342,258],{"class":247},[55,131344,45044],{"class":251},[55,131346,3955],{"class":73},[55,131348,131349],{"class":73}," {}",[55,131351,89830],{"class":251},[55,131353,248],{"class":247},[55,131355,44],{"class":69},[55,131357,130060],{"class":99},[55,131359,103],{"class":69},[55,131361,248],{"class":247},[55,131363,7838],{"class":251},[55,131365,248],{"class":247},[55,131367,114],{"class":69},[55,131369,131370,131372,131374,131376],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,131371,121],{"class":120},[55,131373,103],{"class":69},[55,131375,34850],{"class":99},[55,131377,114],{"class":69},[20,131379,131380],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131382,131383],{},"Fixed version:",[46,131385,131387],{"className":48,"code":131386,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131388,131389,131430],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131390,131391,131393,131395,131397,131399,131401,131403,131405,131407,131409,131411,131413,131415,131417,131419,131421,131423,131426,131428],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131392,34829],{"class":61},[55,131394,66],{"class":65},[55,131396,258],{"class":247},[55,131398,45044],{"class":251},[55,131400,3955],{"class":73},[55,131402,131349],{"class":73},[55,131404,89830],{"class":251},[55,131406,248],{"class":247},[55,131408,44],{"class":69},[55,131410,130060],{"class":99},[55,131412,103],{"class":69},[55,131414,248],{"class":247},[55,131416,7838],{"class":251},[55,131418,248],{"class":247},[55,131420,77],{"class":69},[55,131422,258],{"class":247},[55,131424,131425],{"class":251},"Lee",[55,131427,248],{"class":247},[55,131429,114],{"class":69},[55,131431,131432,131434,131436,131438],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,131433,121],{"class":120},[55,131435,103],{"class":69},[55,131437,34850],{"class":99},[55,131439,114],{"class":69},[577,131441,131443],{"id":131442},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131445,131446,131447,44],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131448,126340],{},[20,131450,131451],{},"Problem:",[46,131453,131455],{"className":48,"code":131454,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131456,131457,131491],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131458,131459,131461,131463,131465,131467,131469,131471,131473,131475,131477,131479,131481,131483,131485,131487,131489],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131460,34829],{"class":61},[55,131462,66],{"class":65},[55,131464,258],{"class":247},[55,131466,45044],{"class":251},[55,131468,130677],{"class":73},[55,131470,89830],{"class":251},[55,131472,248],{"class":247},[55,131474,44],{"class":69},[55,131476,130060],{"class":99},[55,131478,103],{"class":69},[55,131480,8146],{"class":9337},[55,131482,66],{"class":65},[55,131484,248],{"class":247},[55,131486,7838],{"class":251},[55,131488,248],{"class":247},[55,131490,114],{"class":69},[55,131492,131493,131495,131497,131499],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,131494,121],{"class":120},[55,131496,103],{"class":69},[55,131498,34850],{"class":99},[55,131500,114],{"class":69},[20,131502,131383],{},[46,131504,131506],{"className":48,"code":131505,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131507,131508,131542],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131509,131510,131512,131514,131516,131518,131520,131522,131524,131526,131528,131530,131532,131534,131536,131538,131540],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131511,34829],{"class":61},[55,131513,66],{"class":65},[55,131515,258],{"class":247},[55,131517,45044],{"class":251},[55,131519,130677],{"class":73},[55,131521,89830],{"class":251},[55,131523,248],{"class":247},[55,131525,44],{"class":69},[55,131527,130060],{"class":99},[55,131529,103],{"class":69},[55,131531,7829],{"class":9337},[55,131533,66],{"class":65},[55,131535,248],{"class":247},[55,131537,7838],{"class":251},[55,131539,248],{"class":247},[55,131541,114],{"class":69},[55,131543,131544,131546,131548,131550],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,131545,121],{"class":120},[55,131547,103],{"class":69},[55,131549,34850],{"class":99},[55,131551,114],{"class":69},[577,131553,1553,131555,131557],{"id":131554},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131556,126340],{}," to change the original string",[20,131559,131560,131562],{},[15,131561,126340],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131564,131451],{},[46,131566,131568],{"className":48,"code":131567,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131569,131570,131584,131602],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131571,131572,131574,131576,131578,131580,131582],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131573,34829],{"class":61},[55,131575,66],{"class":65},[55,131577,258],{"class":247},[55,131579,45044],{"class":251},[55,131581,3955],{"class":73},[55,131583,3522],{"class":247},[55,131585,131586,131588,131590,131592,131594,131596,131598,131600],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,131587,34850],{"class":61},[55,131589,44],{"class":69},[55,131591,130060],{"class":99},[55,131593,103],{"class":69},[55,131595,248],{"class":247},[55,131597,7838],{"class":251},[55,131599,248],{"class":247},[55,131601,114],{"class":69},[55,131603,131604,131606,131608,131610],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,131605,121],{"class":120},[55,131607,103],{"class":69},[55,131609,34850],{"class":99},[55,131611,114],{"class":69},[20,131613,131614],{},[1966,131615,302],{},[46,131617,131619],{"className":48,"code":131618,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131620,131621],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131622,131623,131625,131627],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131624,35009],{"class":61},[55,131626,77],{"class":69},[55,131628,10000],{"class":69},[20,131630,131383],{},[46,131632,131634],{"className":48,"code":131633,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131635,131636,131650,131672],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131637,131638,131640,131642,131644,131646,131648],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131639,34829],{"class":61},[55,131641,66],{"class":65},[55,131643,258],{"class":247},[55,131645,45044],{"class":251},[55,131647,3955],{"class":73},[55,131649,3522],{"class":247},[55,131651,131652,131654,131656,131658,131660,131662,131664,131666,131668,131670],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,131653,34829],{"class":61},[55,131655,66],{"class":65},[55,131657,42984],{"class":61},[55,131659,44],{"class":69},[55,131661,130060],{"class":99},[55,131663,103],{"class":69},[55,131665,248],{"class":247},[55,131667,7838],{"class":251},[55,131669,248],{"class":247},[55,131671,114],{"class":69},[55,131673,131674,131676,131678,131680],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,131675,121],{"class":120},[55,131677,103],{"class":69},[55,131679,34850],{"class":99},[55,131681,114],{"class":69},[577,131683,4865,131685,131687],{"id":131684},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131686,126340],{}," returns a new string",[20,131689,131690],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[577,131692,131694],{"id":131693},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131696,131697],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131699,131700,131701,131703],{},"Use simple ",[15,131702,3955],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131705,131706,131707,44],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[36,131708,90388],{"href":90387},[142,131710,1830],{"id":1829},[20,131712,131713],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[46,131715,131717],{"className":48,"code":131716,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131718,131719,131729,131743,131772],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131720,131721,131723,131725,131727],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131722,121],{"class":120},[55,131724,103],{"class":69},[55,131726,34850],{"class":99},[55,131728,114],{"class":69},[55,131730,131731,131733,131735,131737,131739,131741],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,131732,121],{"class":120},[55,131734,103],{"class":69},[55,131736,1910],{"class":1898},[55,131738,103],{"class":69},[55,131740,2633],{"class":99},[55,131742,1867],{"class":69},[55,131744,131745,131747,131749,131751,131754,131756,131758,131760,131762,131764,131766,131768,131770],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,131746,121],{"class":120},[55,131748,103],{"class":69},[55,131750,248],{"class":247},[55,131752,131753],{"class":251},"Hello ",[55,131755,3955],{"class":73},[55,131757,248],{"class":247},[55,131759,44],{"class":69},[55,131761,130060],{"class":99},[55,131763,103],{"class":69},[55,131765,248],{"class":247},[55,131767,7838],{"class":251},[55,131769,248],{"class":247},[55,131771,1867],{"class":69},[55,131773,131774,131776,131778,131780,131782,131784],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,131775,1893],{"class":120},[55,131777,103],{"class":69},[55,131779,3607],{"class":1898},[55,131781,44],{"class":69},[55,131783,130060],{"class":1880},[55,131785,114],{"class":69},[20,131787,131788],{},"Use them to check:",[155,131790,131791,131794,131797,131800],{},[158,131792,131793],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[158,131795,131796],{},"what type your value has",[158,131798,131799],{},"whether a small test example works",[158,131801,131802,131803],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131804,131805],{},"str.format",[142,131807,1986],{"id":1985},[577,131809,129841,131811,12871],{"id":131810},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131812,126340],{},[20,131814,131815],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[577,131817,131819],{"id":131818},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131821,131822,131823,131825],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131824,3955],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[577,131827,131829,131830,2027],{"id":131828},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131831,126340],{},[20,131833,131834,131835,131838],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131836,131837],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[577,131840,15052,131842,131844],{"id":131841},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131843,126340],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131846,131847,131848,131850],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131849,126340],{}," is still useful and common.",[142,131852,2039],{"id":2038},[155,131854,131855,131859,131863,131869,131875],{},[158,131856,131857],{},[36,131858,125092],{"href":51120},[158,131860,131861],{},[36,131862,90665],{"href":89674},[158,131864,131865],{},[36,131866,3740,131867,3673],{"href":46592},[15,131868,46595],{},[158,131870,131871],{},[36,131872,3740,131873,3673],{"href":42317},[15,131874,47827],{},[158,131876,131877],{},[36,131878,90388],{"href":90387},[2080,131880,131881],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":131883},[131884,131885,131887,131888,131889,131890,131891,131892,131894,131903,131904,131913],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":130127,"depth":91,"text":131886},"What the format() method does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":130408,"depth":91,"text":130409},{"id":130670,"depth":91,"text":130671},{"id":130901,"depth":91,"text":130902},{"id":17568,"depth":91,"text":17569},{"id":131204,"depth":91,"text":131893},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":131895},[131896,131897,131898,131900,131902],{"id":131325,"depth":117,"text":131326},{"id":131442,"depth":117,"text":131443},{"id":131554,"depth":117,"text":131899},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131684,"depth":117,"text":131901},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131693,"depth":117,"text":131694},{"id":1829,"depth":91,"text":1830},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":131905},[131906,131908,131909,131911],{"id":131810,"depth":117,"text":131907},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131818,"depth":117,"text":131819},{"id":131828,"depth":117,"text":131910},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131841,"depth":117,"text":131912},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129987,"description":131914},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131921,"title":131922,"body":131923,"description":133403,"extension":2124,"meta":133404,"navigation":428,"path":133405,"seo":133406,"stem":133407,"__hash__":133408},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131924,"toc":133375},[131925,131930,131935,131940,131942,132004,132011,132017,132022,132024,132040,132042,132113,132115,132129,132132,132182,132184,132186,132213,132216,132231,132234,132275,132278,132323,132330,132379,132381,132389,132391,132409,132411,132504,132512,132553,132558,132565,132571,132578,132581,132585,132686,132688,132710,132714,132767,132770,132773,132779,132786,132788,132827,132829,132847,132857,132864,132947,132950,132957,132964,132971,132975,132983,133029,133033,133042,133107,133112,133117,133128,133130,133135,133162,133164,133267,133270,133290,133292,133297,133300,133304,133308,133315,133324,133330,133333,133339,133341,133343,133372],[10,131926,123337,131928,18],{"id":131927},"python-string-index-method",[15,131929,59091],{},[20,131931,123342,131932,131934],{},[15,131933,59091],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131936,131937,131938,44],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131939,40845],{},[142,131941,2165],{"id":2164},[46,131943,131945],{"className":48,"code":131944,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131946,131947,131959,131981,131991,131995,131999],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131948,131949,131951,131953,131955,131957],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131950,34829],{"class":61},[55,131952,66],{"class":65},[55,131954,258],{"class":247},[55,131956,60530],{"class":251},[55,131958,3522],{"class":247},[55,131960,131961,131963,131965,131967,131969,131971,131973,131975,131977,131979],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,131962,65044],{"class":61},[55,131964,66],{"class":65},[55,131966,42984],{"class":61},[55,131968,44],{"class":69},[55,131970,201],{"class":99},[55,131972,103],{"class":69},[55,131974,248],{"class":247},[55,131976,60715],{"class":251},[55,131978,248],{"class":247},[55,131980,114],{"class":69},[55,131982,131983,131985,131987,131989],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,131984,121],{"class":120},[55,131986,103],{"class":69},[55,131988,65071],{"class":99},[55,131990,114],{"class":69},[55,131992,131993],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,131994,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,131996,131997],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,131998,90806],{"class":133},[55,132000,132001],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,132002,132003],{"class":133},"# 6\n",[20,132005,31,132006,132008,132009,44],{},[15,132007,59091],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132010,40845],{},[142,132012,145,132014,148],{"id":132013},"what-strindex-does",[15,132015,132016],{},"str.index()",[20,132018,132019,132021],{},[15,132020,132016],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132023,13208],{},[155,132025,132026,132029,132032,132035],{},[158,132027,132028],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[158,132030,132031],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[158,132033,132034],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[158,132036,30438,132037,132039],{},[15,132038,40845],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132041,230],{},[46,132043,132045],{"className":48,"code":132044,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132046,132047,132059,132063,132088],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132048,132049,132051,132053,132055,132057],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132050,34829],{"class":61},[55,132052,66],{"class":65},[55,132054,258],{"class":247},[55,132056,1072],{"class":251},[55,132058,3522],{"class":247},[55,132060,132061],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,132062,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,132064,132065,132067,132069,132071,132073,132075,132077,132079,132081,132083,132085],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,132066,121],{"class":120},[55,132068,103],{"class":69},[55,132070,34850],{"class":99},[55,132072,44],{"class":69},[55,132074,201],{"class":99},[55,132076,103],{"class":69},[55,132078,248],{"class":247},[55,132080,36],{"class":251},[55,132082,248],{"class":247},[55,132084,5522],{"class":69},[55,132086,132087],{"class":133},"     # 1\n",[55,132089,132090,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102,132104,132106,132108,132110],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,132091,121],{"class":120},[55,132093,103],{"class":69},[55,132095,34850],{"class":99},[55,132097,44],{"class":69},[55,132099,201],{"class":99},[55,132101,103],{"class":69},[55,132103,248],{"class":247},[55,132105,123430],{"class":251},[55,132107,248],{"class":247},[55,132109,5522],{"class":69},[55,132111,132112],{"class":133},"    # 2\n",[20,132114,2341],{},[155,132116,132117,132123],{},[158,132118,132119,128550,132121],{},[15,132120,351],{},[15,132122,74],{},[158,132124,132125,128550,132127],{},[15,132126,128549],{},[15,132128,106],{},[20,132130,132131],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[46,132133,132135],{"className":48,"code":132134,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132136,132137,132149,132153,132177],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132138,132139,132141,132143,132145,132147],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132140,34829],{"class":61},[55,132142,66],{"class":65},[55,132144,258],{"class":247},[55,132146,35009],{"class":251},[55,132148,3522],{"class":247},[55,132150,132151],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,132152,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,132154,132155,132157,132159,132161,132163,132165,132167,132169,132171,132173,132175],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,132156,121],{"class":120},[55,132158,103],{"class":69},[55,132160,34850],{"class":99},[55,132162,44],{"class":69},[55,132164,201],{"class":99},[55,132166,103],{"class":69},[55,132168,248],{"class":247},[55,132170,51335],{"class":251},[55,132172,248],{"class":247},[55,132174,5522],{"class":69},[55,132176,20915],{"class":133},[55,132178,132179],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,132180,132181],{"class":133},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[142,132183,2319],{"id":2318},[20,132185,2322],{},[46,132187,132189],{"className":48,"code":132188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132190,132191],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132192,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201,132203,132205,132207,132209,132211],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132194,61298],{"class":61},[55,132196,44],{"class":69},[55,132198,201],{"class":99},[55,132200,103],{"class":69},[55,132202,2633],{"class":99},[55,132204,77],{"class":69},[55,132206,36192],{"class":99},[55,132208,77],{"class":69},[55,132210,65165],{"class":99},[55,132212,114],{"class":69},[20,132214,132215],{},"Parameters:",[155,132217,132218,132222,132226],{},[158,132219,132220,123529],{},[15,132221,2633],{},[158,132223,132224,128596],{},[15,132225,36213],{},[158,132227,132228,132230],{},[15,132229,52804],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132232,132233],{},"You can use just the value:",[46,132235,132237],{"className":48,"code":132236,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132238,132239,132251],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132240,132241,132243,132245,132247,132249],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132242,34829],{"class":61},[55,132244,66],{"class":65},[55,132246,258],{"class":247},[55,132248,50],{"class":251},[55,132250,3522],{"class":247},[55,132252,132253,132255,132257,132259,132261,132263,132265,132267,132269,132271,132273],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,132254,121],{"class":120},[55,132256,103],{"class":69},[55,132258,34850],{"class":99},[55,132260,44],{"class":69},[55,132262,201],{"class":99},[55,132264,103],{"class":69},[55,132266,248],{"class":247},[55,132268,63411],{"class":251},[55,132270,248],{"class":247},[55,132272,5522],{"class":69},[55,132274,51559],{"class":133},[20,132276,132277],{},"Or include a start position:",[46,132279,132281],{"className":48,"code":132280,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132282,132283,132295],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132284,132285,132287,132289,132291,132293],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132286,34829],{"class":61},[55,132288,66],{"class":65},[55,132290,258],{"class":247},[55,132292,1072],{"class":251},[55,132294,3522],{"class":247},[55,132296,132297,132299,132301,132303,132305,132307,132309,132311,132313,132315,132317,132319,132321],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,132298,121],{"class":120},[55,132300,103],{"class":69},[55,132302,34850],{"class":99},[55,132304,44],{"class":69},[55,132306,201],{"class":99},[55,132308,103],{"class":69},[55,132310,248],{"class":247},[55,132312,36],{"class":251},[55,132314,248],{"class":247},[55,132316,77],{"class":69},[55,132318,80],{"class":73},[55,132320,5522],{"class":69},[55,132322,50915],{"class":133},[20,132324,132325,132326,352,132328,153],{},"Or include both ",[15,132327,36213],{},[15,132329,52804],{},[46,132331,132333],{"className":48,"code":132332,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132334,132335,132347],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132336,132337,132339,132341,132343,132345],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132338,34829],{"class":61},[55,132340,66],{"class":65},[55,132342,258],{"class":247},[55,132344,1072],{"class":251},[55,132346,3522],{"class":247},[55,132348,132349,132351,132353,132355,132357,132359,132361,132363,132365,132367,132369,132371,132373,132375,132377],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,132350,121],{"class":120},[55,132352,103],{"class":69},[55,132354,34850],{"class":99},[55,132356,44],{"class":69},[55,132358,201],{"class":99},[55,132360,103],{"class":69},[55,132362,248],{"class":247},[55,132364,36],{"class":251},[55,132366,248],{"class":247},[55,132368,77],{"class":69},[55,132370,80],{"class":73},[55,132372,77],{"class":69},[55,132374,4766],{"class":73},[55,132376,5522],{"class":69},[55,132378,50915],{"class":133},[142,132380,38160],{"id":38159},[20,132382,28853,132383,132385,132386,44],{},[15,132384,59091],{}," is a ",[1966,132387,132388],{},"zero-based index",[20,132390,2268],{},[155,132392,132393,132399,132404],{},[158,132394,132395,132396,132398],{},"Index ",[15,132397,227],{}," is the first character",[158,132400,132395,132401,132403],{},[15,132402,74],{}," is the second character",[158,132405,132395,132406,132408],{},[15,132407,106],{}," is the third character",[20,132410,230],{},[46,132412,132414],{"className":48,"code":132413,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132415,132416,132428,132432,132456,132480],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132417,132418,132420,132422,132424,132426],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132419,34829],{"class":61},[55,132421,66],{"class":65},[55,132423,258],{"class":247},[55,132425,37186],{"class":251},[55,132427,3522],{"class":247},[55,132429,132430],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,132431,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,132433,132434,132436,132438,132440,132442,132444,132446,132448,132450,132452,132454],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,132435,121],{"class":120},[55,132437,103],{"class":69},[55,132439,34850],{"class":99},[55,132441,44],{"class":69},[55,132443,201],{"class":99},[55,132445,103],{"class":69},[55,132447,248],{"class":247},[55,132449,261],{"class":251},[55,132451,248],{"class":247},[55,132453,5522],{"class":69},[55,132455,51391],{"class":133},[55,132457,132458,132460,132462,132464,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,132459,121],{"class":120},[55,132461,103],{"class":69},[55,132463,34850],{"class":99},[55,132465,44],{"class":69},[55,132467,201],{"class":99},[55,132469,103],{"class":69},[55,132471,248],{"class":247},[55,132473,36],{"class":251},[55,132475,248],{"class":247},[55,132477,5522],{"class":69},[55,132479,27924],{"class":133},[55,132481,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498,132500,132502],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,132483,121],{"class":120},[55,132485,103],{"class":69},[55,132487,34850],{"class":99},[55,132489,44],{"class":69},[55,132491,201],{"class":99},[55,132493,103],{"class":69},[55,132495,248],{"class":247},[55,132497,63411],{"class":251},[55,132499,248],{"class":247},[55,132501,5522],{"class":69},[55,132503,51559],{"class":133},[20,132505,132506,132508,132509,132511],{},[15,132507,59091],{}," returns only the ",[1966,132510,30053],{}," matching position.",[46,132513,132515],{"className":48,"code":132514,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132516,132517,132529],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132518,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132520,34829],{"class":61},[55,132522,66],{"class":65},[55,132524,258],{"class":247},[55,132526,1072],{"class":251},[55,132528,3522],{"class":247},[55,132530,132531,132533,132535,132537,132539,132541,132543,132545,132547,132549,132551],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,132532,121],{"class":120},[55,132534,103],{"class":69},[55,132536,34850],{"class":99},[55,132538,44],{"class":69},[55,132540,201],{"class":99},[55,132542,103],{"class":69},[55,132544,248],{"class":247},[55,132546,36],{"class":251},[55,132548,248],{"class":247},[55,132550,5522],{"class":69},[55,132552,27924],{"class":133},[20,132554,21124,132555,132557],{},[15,132556,351],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132559,132560,132561,44],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[36,132562,132563,43],{"href":124787},[15,132564,58713],{},[142,132566,8578,132567,352,132569],{"id":65531},[15,132568,36213],{},[15,132570,52804],{},[20,132572,568,132573,352,132575,132577],{},[15,132574,36213],{},[15,132576,52804],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132579,132580],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132582,46183,132583,153],{},[15,132584,36213],{},[46,132586,132588],{"className":48,"code":132587,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132589,132590,132602,132606,132630,132658],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132591,132592,132594,132596,132598,132600],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132593,34829],{"class":61},[55,132595,66],{"class":65},[55,132597,258],{"class":247},[55,132599,1072],{"class":251},[55,132601,3522],{"class":247},[55,132603,132604],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,132605,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,132607,132608,132610,132612,132614,132616,132618,132620,132622,132624,132626,132628],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,132609,121],{"class":120},[55,132611,103],{"class":69},[55,132613,34850],{"class":99},[55,132615,44],{"class":69},[55,132617,201],{"class":99},[55,132619,103],{"class":69},[55,132621,248],{"class":247},[55,132623,36],{"class":251},[55,132625,248],{"class":247},[55,132627,5522],{"class":69},[55,132629,51264],{"class":133},[55,132631,132632,132634,132636,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646,132648,132650,132652,132654,132656],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,132633,121],{"class":120},[55,132635,103],{"class":69},[55,132637,34850],{"class":99},[55,132639,44],{"class":69},[55,132641,201],{"class":99},[55,132643,103],{"class":69},[55,132645,248],{"class":247},[55,132647,36],{"class":251},[55,132649,248],{"class":247},[55,132651,77],{"class":69},[55,132653,80],{"class":73},[55,132655,5522],{"class":69},[55,132657,51114],{"class":133},[55,132659,132660,132662,132664,132666,132668,132670,132672,132674,132676,132678,132680,132682,132684],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,132661,121],{"class":120},[55,132663,103],{"class":69},[55,132665,34850],{"class":99},[55,132667,44],{"class":69},[55,132669,201],{"class":99},[55,132671,103],{"class":69},[55,132673,248],{"class":247},[55,132675,36],{"class":251},[55,132677,248],{"class":247},[55,132679,77],{"class":69},[55,132681,85],{"class":73},[55,132683,5522],{"class":69},[55,132685,50898],{"class":133},[20,132687,20104],{},[155,132689,132690,132697,132703],{},[158,132691,132692,132693,65720,132695],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132694,351],{},[15,132696,74],{},[158,132698,132699,132700,132702],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132701,106],{}," skips that first match",[158,132704,132699,132705,132707,132708],{},[15,132706,2665],{}," finds the last ",[15,132709,351],{},[20,132711,46183,132712,153],{},[15,132713,52804],{},[46,132715,132717],{"className":48,"code":132716,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132718,132719,132731,132735],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132720,132721,132723,132725,132727,132729],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132722,34829],{"class":61},[55,132724,66],{"class":65},[55,132726,258],{"class":247},[55,132728,1072],{"class":251},[55,132730,3522],{"class":247},[55,132732,132733],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,132734,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,132736,132737,132739,132741,132743,132745,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763,132765],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,132738,121],{"class":120},[55,132740,103],{"class":69},[55,132742,34850],{"class":99},[55,132744,44],{"class":69},[55,132746,201],{"class":99},[55,132748,103],{"class":69},[55,132750,248],{"class":247},[55,132752,76012],{"class":251},[55,132754,248],{"class":247},[55,132756,77],{"class":69},[55,132758,3997],{"class":73},[55,132760,77],{"class":69},[55,132762,85],{"class":73},[55,132764,5522],{"class":69},[55,132766,51559],{"class":133},[20,132768,132769],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132771,132772],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[142,132774,44355,132776,132778],{"id":132775},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132777,59091],{}," causes an error",[20,132780,132781,132782,52639,132784,44],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132783,59091],{},[15,132785,40845],{},[20,132787,230],{},[46,132789,132791],{"className":48,"code":132790,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132792,132793,132805],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132794,132795,132797,132799,132801,132803],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132796,34829],{"class":61},[55,132798,66],{"class":65},[55,132800,258],{"class":247},[55,132802,4009],{"class":251},[55,132804,3522],{"class":247},[55,132806,132807,132809,132811,132813,132815,132817,132819,132821,132823,132825],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,132808,121],{"class":120},[55,132810,103],{"class":69},[55,132812,34850],{"class":99},[55,132814,44],{"class":69},[55,132816,201],{"class":99},[55,132818,103],{"class":69},[55,132820,248],{"class":247},[55,132822,22224],{"class":251},[55,132824,248],{"class":247},[55,132826,1867],{"class":69},[20,132828,302],{},[46,132830,132832],{"className":48,"code":132831,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132833,132834],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132835,132836,132838,132840,132843,132845],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132837,40845],{"class":1898},[55,132839,153],{"class":69},[55,132841,132842],{"class":61}," substring ",[55,132844,1968],{"class":65},[55,132846,65953],{"class":61},[20,132848,53481,132849,126303,132854,132856],{},[36,132850,132851],{"href":129981},[15,132852,132853],{},"str.find()",[15,132855,65978],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132858,132859,132860,352,132862,153],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132861,29948],{},[15,132863,29979],{},[46,132865,132867],{"className":48,"code":132866,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132868,132869,132881,132885,132891,132914,132924,132932],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132870,132871,132873,132875,132877,132879],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132872,34829],{"class":61},[55,132874,66],{"class":65},[55,132876,258],{"class":247},[55,132878,4009],{"class":251},[55,132880,3522],{"class":247},[55,132882,132883],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,132884,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,132886,132887,132889],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,132888,29948],{"class":4040},[55,132890,6552],{"class":69},[55,132892,132893,132896,132898,132900,132902,132904,132906,132908,132910,132912],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,132894,132895],{"class":61},"    position ",[55,132897,66],{"class":65},[55,132899,42984],{"class":61},[55,132901,44],{"class":69},[55,132903,201],{"class":99},[55,132905,103],{"class":69},[55,132907,248],{"class":247},[55,132909,22224],{"class":251},[55,132911,248],{"class":247},[55,132913,114],{"class":69},[55,132915,132916,132918,132920,132922],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,132917,8230],{"class":120},[55,132919,103],{"class":69},[55,132921,65071],{"class":99},[55,132923,114],{"class":69},[55,132925,132926,132928,132930],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,132927,29979],{"class":4040},[55,132929,42068],{"class":1898},[55,132931,6552],{"class":69},[55,132933,132934,132936,132938,132940,132943,132945],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,132935,8230],{"class":120},[55,132937,103],{"class":69},[55,132939,248],{"class":247},[55,132941,132942],{"class":251},"Substring not found",[55,132944,248],{"class":247},[55,132946,114],{"class":69},[20,132948,132949],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132951,42088,132952,44],{},[36,132953,25824,132955],{"href":132954},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132956,129308],{},[142,132958,132960,982,132962],{"id":132959},"index-vs-find",[15,132961,59091],{},[15,132963,124332],{},[20,132965,132966,352,132968,132970],{},[15,132967,59091],{},[15,132969,124332],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[577,132972,132973],{"id":201},[15,132974,59091],{},[155,132976,132977,132980],{},[158,132978,132979],{},"Returns the first match position",[158,132981,132982],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[46,132984,132986],{"className":48,"code":132985,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132987,132988,133000,133024],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132989,132990,132992,132994,132996,132998],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132991,34829],{"class":61},[55,132993,66],{"class":65},[55,132995,258],{"class":247},[55,132997,4009],{"class":251},[55,132999,3522],{"class":247},[55,133001,133002,133004,133006,133008,133010,133012,133014,133016,133018,133020,133022],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,133003,121],{"class":120},[55,133005,103],{"class":69},[55,133007,34850],{"class":99},[55,133009,44],{"class":69},[55,133011,201],{"class":99},[55,133013,103],{"class":69},[55,133015,248],{"class":247},[55,133017,60571],{"class":251},[55,133019,248],{"class":247},[55,133021,5522],{"class":69},[55,133023,27924],{"class":133},[55,133025,133026],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,133027,133028],{"class":133},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[577,133030,133031],{"id":128362},[15,133032,124332],{},[155,133034,133035,133037],{},[158,133036,132979],{},[158,133038,169,133039,133041],{},[15,133040,65978],{}," if nothing is found",[46,133043,133045],{"className":48,"code":133044,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133046,133047,133059,133083],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133048,133049,133051,133053,133055,133057],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133050,34829],{"class":61},[55,133052,66],{"class":65},[55,133054,258],{"class":247},[55,133056,4009],{"class":251},[55,133058,3522],{"class":247},[55,133060,133061,133063,133065,133067,133069,133071,133073,133075,133077,133079,133081],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,133062,121],{"class":120},[55,133064,103],{"class":69},[55,133066,34850],{"class":99},[55,133068,44],{"class":69},[55,133070,128362],{"class":99},[55,133072,103],{"class":69},[55,133074,248],{"class":247},[55,133076,60571],{"class":251},[55,133078,248],{"class":247},[55,133080,5522],{"class":69},[55,133082,27924],{"class":133},[55,133084,133085,133087,133089,133091,133093,133095,133097,133099,133101,133103,133105],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,133086,121],{"class":120},[55,133088,103],{"class":69},[55,133090,34850],{"class":99},[55,133092,44],{"class":69},[55,133094,128362],{"class":99},[55,133096,103],{"class":69},[55,133098,248],{"class":247},[55,133100,22224],{"class":251},[55,133102,248],{"class":247},[55,133104,5522],{"class":69},[55,133106,128718],{"class":133},[20,133108,31,133109,133111],{},[15,133110,59091],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133113,31,133114,133116],{},[15,133115,124332],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133118,133119,133120,3041,133125,44],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[36,133121,133122,133124],{"href":129981},[15,133123,132853],{}," method reference",[36,133126,127373],{"href":133127},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[142,133129,2992],{"id":2991},[20,133131,133132,133133,153],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133134,59091],{},[155,133136,133137,133140,133147,133152,133157],{},[158,133138,133139],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[158,133141,1553,133142,8616,133144,133146],{},[15,133143,59091],{},[15,133145,65978],{}," when no match exists",[158,133148,8578,133149,133151],{},[15,133150,59091],{}," on a value that may not be present",[158,133153,133154,133155],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133156,74],{},[158,133158,4740,133159,133161],{},[15,133160,59091],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133163,62419],{},[46,133165,133167],{"className":48,"code":133166,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133168,133169,133179,133193,133215,133237],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133170,133171,133173,133175,133177],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133172,121],{"class":120},[55,133174,103],{"class":69},[55,133176,34850],{"class":99},[55,133178,114],{"class":69},[55,133180,133181,133183,133185,133187,133189,133191],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,133182,121],{"class":120},[55,133184,103],{"class":69},[55,133186,41921],{"class":120},[55,133188,103],{"class":69},[55,133190,34850],{"class":99},[55,133192,1867],{"class":69},[55,133194,133195,133197,133199,133201,133203,133205,133207,133209,133211,133213],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,133196,121],{"class":120},[55,133198,103],{"class":69},[55,133200,34850],{"class":99},[55,133202,44],{"class":69},[55,133204,201],{"class":99},[55,133206,103],{"class":69},[55,133208,248],{"class":247},[55,133210,2633],{"class":251},[55,133212,248],{"class":247},[55,133214,1867],{"class":69},[55,133216,133217,133219,133221,133223,133225,133227,133229,133231,133233,133235],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,133218,121],{"class":120},[55,133220,103],{"class":69},[55,133222,34850],{"class":99},[55,133224,44],{"class":69},[55,133226,128362],{"class":99},[55,133228,103],{"class":69},[55,133230,248],{"class":247},[55,133232,2633],{"class":251},[55,133234,248],{"class":247},[55,133236,1867],{"class":69},[55,133238,133239,133241,133243,133245,133247,133249,133251,133253,133255,133257,133259,133261,133263,133265],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,133240,121],{"class":120},[55,133242,103],{"class":69},[55,133244,34850],{"class":99},[55,133246,44],{"class":69},[55,133248,201],{"class":99},[55,133250,103],{"class":69},[55,133252,248],{"class":247},[55,133254,2633],{"class":251},[55,133256,248],{"class":247},[55,133258,77],{"class":69},[55,133260,36192],{"class":99},[55,133262,77],{"class":69},[55,133264,65165],{"class":99},[55,133266,1867],{"class":69},[20,133268,133269],{},"Tips:",[155,133271,133272,133277,133282,133285],{},[158,133273,31,133274,133276],{},[15,133275,126259],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[158,133278,31,133279,133281],{},[15,133280,124332],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[158,133283,133284],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[158,133286,133287,133288],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133289,227],{},[142,133291,1986],{"id":1985},[577,133293,129841,133295,12871],{"id":133294},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133296,59091],{},[20,133298,133299],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[577,133301,133303],{"id":133302},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133305,76840,133306,44],{},[15,133307,40845],{},[577,133309,2022,133311,352,133313,2027],{"id":133310},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133312,59091],{},[15,133314,124332],{},[20,133316,133317,133319,133320,2558,133322,6790],{},[15,133318,59091],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133321,124332],{},[15,133323,65978],{},[577,133325,2009,133327,133329],{"id":133326},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133328,59091],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133331,133332],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[577,133334,133336,133337,124673],{"id":133335},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133338,59091],{},[20,133340,129866],{},[142,133342,2039],{"id":2038},[155,133344,133345,133351,133355,133360,133366],{},[158,133346,133347],{},[36,133348,133349,43],{"href":129981},[15,133350,132853],{},[158,133352,133353],{},[36,133354,124736],{"href":133127},[158,133356,133357],{},[36,133358,129942],{"href":133359},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[158,133361,133362],{},[36,133363,133364,43],{"href":124787},[15,133365,58713],{},[158,133367,133368],{},[36,133369,2074,133370],{"href":132954},[15,133371,129308],{},[2080,133373,133374],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":133376},[133377,133378,133380,133381,133382,133383,133385,133390,133391,133402],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":132013,"depth":91,"text":133379},"What str.index() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":38159,"depth":91,"text":38160},{"id":65531,"depth":91,"text":66313},{"id":132775,"depth":91,"text":133384},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132959,"depth":91,"text":133386,"children":133387},"index() vs find()",[133388,133389],{"id":201,"depth":117,"text":59091},{"id":128362,"depth":117,"text":124332},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":133392},[133393,133395,133396,133398,133400],{"id":133294,"depth":117,"text":133394},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133302,"depth":117,"text":133303},{"id":133310,"depth":117,"text":133397},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133326,"depth":117,"text":133399},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133335,"depth":117,"text":133401},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131922,"description":133403},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133410,"title":133411,"body":133412,"description":136187,"extension":2124,"meta":136188,"navigation":428,"path":136189,"seo":136190,"stem":136191,"__hash__":136192},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133413,"toc":136123},[133414,133420,133425,133428,133431,133442,133444,133513,133515,133529,133534,133539,133544,133546,133589,133591,133674,133676,133722,133728,133730,133732,133752,133754,133777,133779,133853,133855,133874,133879,133881,133885,133957,133959,133973,133977,134053,134055,134074,134078,134172,134174,134183,134190,134266,134268,134286,134290,134293,134300,134349,134351,134360,134367,134426,134428,134446,134449,134456,134515,134517,134535,134542,134599,134601,134610,134614,134619,134623,134682,134684,134702,134706,134753,134758,134761,134830,134832,134849,134856,134862,134917,134922,134925,135002,135004,135022,135028,135034,135094,135096,135115,135121,135124,135131,135184,135189,135191,135252,135261,135268,135270,135327,135332,135334,135405,135409,135464,135466,135475,135480,135486,135555,135557,135589,135595,135603,135610,135616,135681,135683,135692,135698,135779,135781,135790,135795,135809,135816,135820,135825,135853,135855,135988,135991,136028,136030,136036,136045,136050,136053,136058,136063,136069,136072,136081,136084,136086,136115,136120],[10,133415,123337,133417,18],{"id":133416},"python-string-join-method",[15,133418,133419],{},"join()",[20,133421,123342,133422,133424],{},[15,133423,133419],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133426,133427],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133429,133430],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[155,133432,133433,133439],{},[158,133434,133435,133436,133438],{},"You call ",[15,133437,133419],{}," on the separator string",[158,133440,133441],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[142,133443,3774],{"id":3773},[46,133445,133447],{"className":48,"code":133446,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133448,133449,133482,133503],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133450,133451,133453,133455,133457,133459,133461,133463,133465,133467,133469,133471,133473,133475,133478,133480],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133452,4234],{"class":61},[55,133454,66],{"class":65},[55,133456,70],{"class":69},[55,133458,248],{"class":247},[55,133460,7457],{"class":251},[55,133462,248],{"class":247},[55,133464,77],{"class":69},[55,133466,258],{"class":247},[55,133468,12350],{"class":251},[55,133470,248],{"class":247},[55,133472,77],{"class":69},[55,133474,258],{"class":247},[55,133476,133477],{"class":251},"fun",[55,133479,248],{"class":247},[55,133481,88],{"class":69},[55,133483,133484,133486,133488,133490,133492,133494,133497,133499,133501],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,133485,1255],{"class":61},[55,133487,66],{"class":65},[55,133489,258],{"class":247},[55,133491,258],{"class":247},[55,133493,44],{"class":69},[55,133495,133496],{"class":99},"join",[55,133498,103],{"class":69},[55,133500,4276],{"class":99},[55,133502,114],{"class":69},[55,133504,133505,133507,133509,133511],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,133506,121],{"class":120},[55,133508,103],{"class":69},[55,133510,1288],{"class":99},[55,133512,114],{"class":69},[20,133514,302],{},[46,133516,133518],{"className":48,"code":133517,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Python is fun\n",[15,133519,133520],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133521,133522,133524,133526],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133523,3740],{"class":61},[55,133525,12350],{"class":65},[55,133527,133528],{"class":61}," fun\n",[20,133530,31,133531,133533],{},[15,133532,133419],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[142,133535,145,133537,148],{"id":133536},"what-join-does",[15,133538,133419],{},[20,133540,133541,133543],{},[15,133542,133419],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133545,11617],{},[155,133547,133548,133555,133583,133586],{},[158,133549,133550,133551,133554],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133552,133553],{},".join()"," as the separator",[158,133556,133557,133558],{},"Common separators are:\n",[155,133559,133560,133566,133572,133578],{},[158,133561,133562,133565],{},[15,133563,133564],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[158,133567,133568,133571],{},[15,133569,133570],{},"\", \""," for commas",[158,133573,133574,133577],{},[15,133575,133576],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[158,133579,133580,133582],{},[15,133581,6430],{}," for no separator",[158,133584,133585],{},"It returns a new string",[158,133587,133588],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133590,230],{},[46,133592,133594],{"className":48,"code":133593,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133595,133596,133628,133650,133654,133664],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133597,133598,133600,133602,133604,133606,133608,133610,133612,133614,133616,133618,133620,133622,133624,133626],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133599,4234],{"class":61},[55,133601,66],{"class":65},[55,133603,70],{"class":69},[55,133605,248],{"class":247},[55,133607,381],{"class":251},[55,133609,248],{"class":247},[55,133611,77],{"class":69},[55,133613,258],{"class":247},[55,133615,399],{"class":251},[55,133617,248],{"class":247},[55,133619,77],{"class":69},[55,133621,258],{"class":247},[55,133623,390],{"class":251},[55,133625,248],{"class":247},[55,133627,88],{"class":69},[55,133629,133630,133632,133634,133636,133638,133640,133642,133644,133646,133648],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,133631,1255],{"class":61},[55,133633,66],{"class":65},[55,133635,258],{"class":247},[55,133637,2352],{"class":251},[55,133639,248],{"class":247},[55,133641,44],{"class":69},[55,133643,133496],{"class":99},[55,133645,103],{"class":69},[55,133647,4276],{"class":99},[55,133649,114],{"class":69},[55,133651,133652],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,133653,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,133655,133656,133658,133660,133662],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,133657,121],{"class":120},[55,133659,103],{"class":69},[55,133661,1288],{"class":99},[55,133663,114],{"class":69},[55,133665,133666,133668,133670,133672],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,133667,121],{"class":120},[55,133669,103],{"class":69},[55,133671,4276],{"class":99},[55,133673,114],{"class":69},[20,133675,302],{},[46,133677,133679],{"className":48,"code":133678,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133680,133681,133694],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133682,133683,133685,133687,133690,133692],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133684,381],{"class":61},[55,133686,77],{"class":69},[55,133688,133689],{"class":61}," green",[55,133691,77],{"class":69},[55,133693,36021],{"class":61},[55,133695,133696,133698,133700,133702,133704,133706,133708,133710,133712,133714,133716,133718,133720],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,133697,312],{"class":69},[55,133699,315],{"class":247},[55,133701,381],{"class":251},[55,133703,315],{"class":247},[55,133705,77],{"class":69},[55,133707,324],{"class":247},[55,133709,399],{"class":251},[55,133711,315],{"class":247},[55,133713,77],{"class":69},[55,133715,324],{"class":247},[55,133717,390],{"class":251},[55,133719,315],{"class":247},[55,133721,88],{"class":69},[20,133723,133724,133725,133727],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133726,133419],{}," creates a new string.",[142,133729,2319],{"id":2318},[20,133731,7378],{},[46,133733,133735],{"className":48,"code":133734,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133736,133737],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133738,133739,133742,133744,133746,133748,133750],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133740,133741],{"class":61},"separator",[55,133743,44],{"class":69},[55,133745,133496],{"class":99},[55,133747,103],{"class":69},[55,133749,3884],{"class":99},[55,133751,114],{"class":69},[577,133753,49154],{"id":49153},[155,133755,133756,133769,133774],{},[158,133757,133758,133760,133761,2352,133763,2352,133765,2356,133767],{},[15,133759,133741],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133762,133564],{},[15,133764,133570],{},[15,133766,133576],{},[15,133768,6430],{},[158,133770,133771,133773],{},[15,133772,3884],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[158,133775,133776],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133778,230],{},[46,133780,133782],{"className":48,"code":133781,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133783,133784,133816,133839,133843],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133785,133786,133788,133790,133792,133794,133796,133798,133800,133802,133804,133806,133808,133810,133812,133814],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133787,5155],{"class":61},[55,133789,66],{"class":65},[55,133791,70],{"class":69},[55,133793,248],{"class":247},[55,133795,13036],{"class":251},[55,133797,248],{"class":247},[55,133799,77],{"class":69},[55,133801,258],{"class":247},[55,133803,36081],{"class":251},[55,133805,248],{"class":247},[55,133807,77],{"class":69},[55,133809,258],{"class":247},[55,133811,36090],{"class":251},[55,133813,248],{"class":247},[55,133815,88],{"class":69},[55,133817,133818,133820,133822,133824,133827,133829,133831,133833,133835,133837],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,133819,1255],{"class":61},[55,133821,66],{"class":65},[55,133823,258],{"class":247},[55,133825,133826],{"class":251}," | ",[55,133828,248],{"class":247},[55,133830,44],{"class":69},[55,133832,133496],{"class":99},[55,133834,103],{"class":69},[55,133836,5199],{"class":99},[55,133838,114],{"class":69},[55,133840,133841],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,133842,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,133844,133845,133847,133849,133851],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,133846,121],{"class":120},[55,133848,103],{"class":69},[55,133850,1288],{"class":99},[55,133852,114],{"class":69},[20,133854,302],{},[46,133856,133858],{"className":48,"code":133857,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133859,133860],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133861,133862,133865,133867,133870,133872],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133863,133864],{"class":61},"Ana ",[55,133866,113844],{"class":65},[55,133868,133869],{"class":61}," Ben ",[55,133871,113844],{"class":65},[55,133873,36162],{"class":61},[20,133875,133876,133877,44],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[36,133878,125092],{"href":51120},[142,133880,121868],{"id":121867},[577,133882,133884],{"id":133883},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[46,133886,133888],{"className":48,"code":133887,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133889,133890,133923,133943,133947],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133891,133892,133894,133896,133898,133900,133902,133904,133906,133908,133910,133912,133914,133916,133919,133921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133893,4234],{"class":61},[55,133895,66],{"class":65},[55,133897,70],{"class":69},[55,133899,248],{"class":247},[55,133901,7457],{"class":251},[55,133903,248],{"class":247},[55,133905,77],{"class":69},[55,133907,258],{"class":247},[55,133909,12350],{"class":251},[55,133911,248],{"class":247},[55,133913,77],{"class":69},[55,133915,258],{"class":247},[55,133917,133918],{"class":251},"easy",[55,133920,248],{"class":247},[55,133922,88],{"class":69},[55,133924,133925,133927,133929,133931,133933,133935,133937,133939,133941],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,133926,1255],{"class":61},[55,133928,66],{"class":65},[55,133930,258],{"class":247},[55,133932,258],{"class":247},[55,133934,44],{"class":69},[55,133936,133496],{"class":99},[55,133938,103],{"class":69},[55,133940,4276],{"class":99},[55,133942,114],{"class":69},[55,133944,133945],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,133946,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,133948,133949,133951,133953,133955],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,133950,121],{"class":120},[55,133952,103],{"class":69},[55,133954,1288],{"class":99},[55,133956,114],{"class":69},[20,133958,302],{},[46,133960,133962],{"className":48,"code":133961,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Python is easy\n",[15,133963,133964],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133965,133966,133968,133970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133967,3740],{"class":61},[55,133969,12350],{"class":65},[55,133971,133972],{"class":61}," easy\n",[577,133974,133976],{"id":133975},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[46,133978,133980],{"className":48,"code":133979,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133981,133982,134017,134039,134043],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133983,133984,133986,133988,133990,133992,133995,133997,133999,134001,134004,134006,134008,134010,134013,134015],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133985,1026],{"class":61},[55,133987,66],{"class":65},[55,133989,70],{"class":69},[55,133991,248],{"class":247},[55,133993,133994],{"class":251},"apples",[55,133996,248],{"class":247},[55,133998,77],{"class":69},[55,134000,258],{"class":247},[55,134002,134003],{"class":251},"bananas",[55,134005,248],{"class":247},[55,134007,77],{"class":69},[55,134009,258],{"class":247},[55,134011,134012],{"class":251},"oranges",[55,134014,248],{"class":247},[55,134016,88],{"class":69},[55,134018,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031,134033,134035,134037],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,134020,1255],{"class":61},[55,134022,66],{"class":65},[55,134024,258],{"class":247},[55,134026,2352],{"class":251},[55,134028,248],{"class":247},[55,134030,44],{"class":69},[55,134032,133496],{"class":99},[55,134034,103],{"class":69},[55,134036,1057],{"class":99},[55,134038,114],{"class":69},[55,134040,134041],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,134042,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,134044,134045,134047,134049,134051],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,134046,121],{"class":120},[55,134048,103],{"class":69},[55,134050,1288],{"class":99},[55,134052,114],{"class":69},[20,134054,302],{},[46,134056,134058],{"className":48,"code":134057,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134059,134060],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134061,134062,134064,134066,134069,134071],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134063,133994],{"class":61},[55,134065,77],{"class":69},[55,134067,134068],{"class":61}," bananas",[55,134070,77],{"class":69},[55,134072,134073],{"class":61}," oranges\n",[577,134075,134077],{"id":134076},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[46,134079,134081],{"className":48,"code":134080,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134082,134083,134140,134158,134162],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134084,134085,134087,134089,134091,134093,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112,134114,134116,134118,134120,134122,134124,134126,134128,134130,134132,134134,134136,134138],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134086,240],{"class":61},[55,134088,66],{"class":65},[55,134090,70],{"class":69},[55,134092,248],{"class":247},[55,134094,134095],{"class":251},"P",[55,134097,248],{"class":247},[55,134099,77],{"class":69},[55,134101,258],{"class":247},[55,134103,11902],{"class":251},[55,134105,248],{"class":247},[55,134107,77],{"class":69},[55,134109,258],{"class":247},[55,134111,63411],{"class":251},[55,134113,248],{"class":247},[55,134115,77],{"class":69},[55,134117,258],{"class":247},[55,134119,60562],{"class":251},[55,134121,248],{"class":247},[55,134123,77],{"class":69},[55,134125,258],{"class":247},[55,134127,60597],{"class":251},[55,134129,248],{"class":247},[55,134131,77],{"class":69},[55,134133,258],{"class":247},[55,134135,76012],{"class":251},[55,134137,248],{"class":247},[55,134139,88],{"class":69},[55,134141,134142,134144,134146,134148,134150,134152,134154,134156],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,134143,1255],{"class":61},[55,134145,66],{"class":65},[55,134147,6284],{"class":247},[55,134149,44],{"class":69},[55,134151,133496],{"class":99},[55,134153,103],{"class":69},[55,134155,270],{"class":99},[55,134157,114],{"class":69},[55,134159,134160],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,134161,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,134163,134164,134166,134168,134170],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,134165,121],{"class":120},[55,134167,103],{"class":69},[55,134169,1288],{"class":99},[55,134171,114],{"class":69},[20,134173,302],{},[46,134175,134177],{"className":48,"code":134176,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Python\n",[15,134178,134179],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134180,134181],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134182,134176],{"class":61},[577,134184,134186,134187,134189],{"id":134185},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134188,133419],{}," returns the result",[46,134191,134193],{"className":48,"code":134192,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134194,134195,134228,134251,134255],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134196,134197,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219,134221,134224,134226],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134198,4234],{"class":61},[55,134200,66],{"class":65},[55,134202,70],{"class":69},[55,134204,248],{"class":247},[55,134206,6744],{"class":251},[55,134208,248],{"class":247},[55,134210,77],{"class":69},[55,134212,258],{"class":247},[55,134214,79253],{"class":251},[55,134216,248],{"class":247},[55,134218,77],{"class":69},[55,134220,258],{"class":247},[55,134222,134223],{"class":251},"three",[55,134225,248],{"class":247},[55,134227,88],{"class":69},[55,134229,134230,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241,134243,134245,134247,134249],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,134231,134232],{"class":61},"joined_text ",[55,134234,66],{"class":65},[55,134236,258],{"class":247},[55,134238,903],{"class":251},[55,134240,248],{"class":247},[55,134242,44],{"class":69},[55,134244,133496],{"class":99},[55,134246,103],{"class":69},[55,134248,4276],{"class":99},[55,134250,114],{"class":69},[55,134252,134253],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,134254,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,134256,134257,134259,134261,134264],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,134258,121],{"class":120},[55,134260,103],{"class":69},[55,134262,134263],{"class":99},"joined_text",[55,134265,114],{"class":69},[20,134267,302],{},[46,134269,134271],{"className":48,"code":134270,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"one-two-three\n",[15,134272,134273],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134274,134275,134277,134279,134281,134283],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134276,6744],{"class":61},[55,134278,903],{"class":65},[55,134280,79253],{"class":61},[55,134282,903],{"class":65},[55,134284,134285],{"class":61},"three\n",[142,134287,134289],{"id":134288},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134291,134292],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[577,134294,134296,134299],{"id":134295},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134297,134298],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[46,134301,134303],{"className":48,"code":134302,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134304,134305,134329],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134306,134307,134309,134311,134313,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134308,4234],{"class":61},[55,134310,66],{"class":65},[55,134312,70],{"class":69},[55,134314,248],{"class":247},[55,134316,4009],{"class":251},[55,134318,248],{"class":247},[55,134320,77],{"class":69},[55,134322,258],{"class":247},[55,134324,60715],{"class":251},[55,134326,248],{"class":247},[55,134328,88],{"class":69},[55,134330,134331,134333,134335,134337,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,134332,121],{"class":120},[55,134334,103],{"class":69},[55,134336,248],{"class":247},[55,134338,258],{"class":247},[55,134340,44],{"class":69},[55,134342,133496],{"class":99},[55,134344,103],{"class":69},[55,134346,4276],{"class":99},[55,134348,1867],{"class":69},[20,134350,302],{},[46,134352,134354],{"className":48,"code":134353,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"hello world\n",[15,134355,134356],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134357,134358],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134359,134353],{"class":61},[577,134361,134363,134366],{"id":134362},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134364,134365],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[46,134368,134370],{"className":48,"code":134369,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134371,134372,134404],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134373,134374,134376,134378,134380,134382,134384,134386,134388,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398,134400,134402],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134375,372],{"class":61},[55,134377,66],{"class":65},[55,134379,70],{"class":69},[55,134381,248],{"class":247},[55,134383,381],{"class":251},[55,134385,248],{"class":247},[55,134387,77],{"class":69},[55,134389,258],{"class":247},[55,134391,390],{"class":251},[55,134393,248],{"class":247},[55,134395,77],{"class":69},[55,134397,258],{"class":247},[55,134399,399],{"class":251},[55,134401,248],{"class":247},[55,134403,88],{"class":69},[55,134405,134406,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,134407,121],{"class":120},[55,134409,103],{"class":69},[55,134411,248],{"class":247},[55,134413,2352],{"class":251},[55,134415,248],{"class":247},[55,134417,44],{"class":69},[55,134419,133496],{"class":99},[55,134421,103],{"class":69},[55,134423,434],{"class":99},[55,134425,1867],{"class":69},[20,134427,302],{},[46,134429,134431],{"className":48,"code":134430,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134432,134433],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134434,134435,134437,134439,134442,134444],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134436,381],{"class":61},[55,134438,77],{"class":69},[55,134440,134441],{"class":61}," blue",[55,134443,77],{"class":69},[55,134445,36014],{"class":61},[20,134447,134448],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[577,134450,134452,134455],{"id":134451},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134453,134454],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[46,134457,134459],{"className":48,"code":134458,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134460,134461,134493],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134462,134463,134465,134467,134469,134471,134473,134475,134477,134479,134481,134483,134485,134487,134489,134491],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134464,42979],{"class":61},[55,134466,66],{"class":65},[55,134468,70],{"class":69},[55,134470,248],{"class":247},[55,134472,50],{"class":251},[55,134474,248],{"class":247},[55,134476,77],{"class":69},[55,134478,258],{"class":247},[55,134480,61298],{"class":251},[55,134482,248],{"class":247},[55,134484,77],{"class":69},[55,134486,258],{"class":247},[55,134488,133496],{"class":251},[55,134490,248],{"class":247},[55,134492,88],{"class":69},[55,134494,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,134496,121],{"class":120},[55,134498,103],{"class":69},[55,134500,248],{"class":247},[55,134502,903],{"class":251},[55,134504,248],{"class":247},[55,134506,44],{"class":69},[55,134508,133496],{"class":99},[55,134510,103],{"class":69},[55,134512,43011],{"class":99},[55,134514,1867],{"class":69},[20,134516,302],{},[46,134518,134520],{"className":48,"code":134519,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"python-string-join\n",[15,134521,134522],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134523,134524,134526,134528,134530,134532],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134525,50],{"class":61},[55,134527,903],{"class":65},[55,134529,61298],{"class":61},[55,134531,903],{"class":65},[55,134533,134534],{"class":61},"join\n",[577,134536,134538,134541],{"id":134537},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134539,134540],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[46,134543,134545],{"className":48,"code":134544,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134546,134547,134580],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134548,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567,134569,134571,134573,134576,134578],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134550,112916],{"class":61},[55,134552,66],{"class":65},[55,134554,70],{"class":69},[55,134556,248],{"class":247},[55,134558,22392],{"class":251},[55,134560,248],{"class":247},[55,134562,77],{"class":69},[55,134564,258],{"class":247},[55,134566,30744],{"class":251},[55,134568,248],{"class":247},[55,134570,77],{"class":69},[55,134572,258],{"class":247},[55,134574,134575],{"class":251},"C",[55,134577,248],{"class":247},[55,134579,88],{"class":69},[55,134581,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134597],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,134583,121],{"class":120},[55,134585,103],{"class":69},[55,134587,6430],{"class":247},[55,134589,44],{"class":69},[55,134591,133496],{"class":99},[55,134593,103],{"class":69},[55,134595,134596],{"class":99},"chars",[55,134598,1867],{"class":69},[20,134600,302],{},[46,134602,134604],{"className":48,"code":134603,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ABC\n",[15,134605,134606],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134607,134608],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134609,134603],{"class":1885},[142,134611,134613],{"id":134612},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134615,134616,134618],{},[15,134617,133419],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[577,134620,134622],{"id":134621},"this-works","This works",[46,134624,134626],{"className":48,"code":134625,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134627,134628,134660],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134629,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134631,3986],{"class":61},[55,134633,66],{"class":65},[55,134635,70],{"class":69},[55,134637,248],{"class":247},[55,134639,800],{"class":251},[55,134641,248],{"class":247},[55,134643,77],{"class":69},[55,134645,258],{"class":247},[55,134647,15904],{"class":251},[55,134649,248],{"class":247},[55,134651,77],{"class":69},[55,134653,258],{"class":247},[55,134655,36980],{"class":251},[55,134657,248],{"class":247},[55,134659,88],{"class":69},[55,134661,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,134663,121],{"class":120},[55,134665,103],{"class":69},[55,134667,248],{"class":247},[55,134669,2352],{"class":251},[55,134671,248],{"class":247},[55,134673,44],{"class":69},[55,134675,133496],{"class":99},[55,134677,103],{"class":69},[55,134679,5519],{"class":99},[55,134681,1867],{"class":69},[20,134683,302],{},[46,134685,134687],{"className":48,"code":134686,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134688,134689],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134690,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134692,800],{"class":73},[55,134694,77],{"class":69},[55,134696,7951],{"class":73},[55,134698,77],{"class":69},[55,134700,134701],{"class":73}," 30\n",[577,134703,134705],{"id":134704},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[46,134707,134709],{"className":48,"code":134708,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134710,134711,134731],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134712,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134714,3986],{"class":61},[55,134716,66],{"class":65},[55,134718,70],{"class":69},[55,134720,74],{"class":73},[55,134722,77],{"class":69},[55,134724,80],{"class":73},[55,134726,77],{"class":69},[55,134728,111],{"class":73},[55,134730,88],{"class":69},[55,134732,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749,134751],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,134734,121],{"class":120},[55,134736,103],{"class":69},[55,134738,248],{"class":247},[55,134740,2352],{"class":251},[55,134742,248],{"class":247},[55,134744,44],{"class":69},[55,134746,133496],{"class":99},[55,134748,103],{"class":69},[55,134750,5519],{"class":99},[55,134752,1867],{"class":69},[20,134754,90293,134755,134757],{},[15,134756,3168],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134759,134760],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[46,134762,134764],{"className":48,"code":134763,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134765,134766,134786,134816,134820],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134767,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134769,3986],{"class":61},[55,134771,66],{"class":65},[55,134773,70],{"class":69},[55,134775,74],{"class":73},[55,134777,77],{"class":69},[55,134779,80],{"class":73},[55,134781,77],{"class":69},[55,134783,111],{"class":73},[55,134785,88],{"class":69},[55,134787,134788,134790,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,134789,1255],{"class":61},[55,134791,66],{"class":65},[55,134793,258],{"class":247},[55,134795,2352],{"class":251},[55,134797,248],{"class":247},[55,134799,44],{"class":69},[55,134801,133496],{"class":99},[55,134803,103],{"class":69},[55,134805,40000],{"class":120},[55,134807,103],{"class":69},[55,134809,3607],{"class":1898},[55,134811,77],{"class":69},[55,134813,4050],{"class":99},[55,134815,1867],{"class":69},[55,134817,134818],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,134819,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,134821,134822,134824,134826,134828],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,134823,121],{"class":120},[55,134825,103],{"class":69},[55,134827,1288],{"class":99},[55,134829,114],{"class":69},[20,134831,302],{},[46,134833,134835],{"className":48,"code":134834,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134836,134837],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134838,134839,134841,134843,134845,134847],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134840,74],{"class":73},[55,134842,77],{"class":69},[55,134844,80],{"class":73},[55,134846,77],{"class":69},[55,134848,2738],{"class":73},[20,134850,134851,134852,44],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[36,134853,3740,134854,3673],{"href":42317},[15,134855,47827],{},[577,134857,134859,134861],{"id":134858},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134860,172],{}," values do not work directly",[46,134863,134865],{"className":48,"code":134864,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134866,134867,134895],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134868,134869,134871,134873,134875,134877,134879,134881,134883,134885,134887,134889,134891,134893],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134870,3986],{"class":61},[55,134872,66],{"class":65},[55,134874,70],{"class":69},[55,134876,248],{"class":247},[55,134878,1035],{"class":251},[55,134880,248],{"class":247},[55,134882,77],{"class":69},[55,134884,4016],{"class":1312},[55,134886,77],{"class":69},[55,134888,258],{"class":247},[55,134890,1072],{"class":251},[55,134892,248],{"class":247},[55,134894,88],{"class":69},[55,134896,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,134898,121],{"class":120},[55,134900,103],{"class":69},[55,134902,248],{"class":247},[55,134904,2352],{"class":251},[55,134906,248],{"class":247},[55,134908,44],{"class":69},[55,134910,133496],{"class":99},[55,134912,103],{"class":69},[55,134914,5519],{"class":99},[55,134916,1867],{"class":69},[20,134918,134919,134920,44],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134921,3168],{},[20,134923,134924],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[46,134926,134928],{"className":48,"code":134927,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134929,134930,134958,134988,134992],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134931,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940,134942,134944,134946,134948,134950,134952,134954,134956],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134933,3986],{"class":61},[55,134935,66],{"class":65},[55,134937,70],{"class":69},[55,134939,248],{"class":247},[55,134941,1035],{"class":251},[55,134943,248],{"class":247},[55,134945,77],{"class":69},[55,134947,4016],{"class":1312},[55,134949,77],{"class":69},[55,134951,258],{"class":247},[55,134953,1072],{"class":251},[55,134955,248],{"class":247},[55,134957,88],{"class":69},[55,134959,134960,134962,134964,134966,134968,134970,134972,134974,134976,134978,134980,134982,134984,134986],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,134961,1255],{"class":61},[55,134963,66],{"class":65},[55,134965,258],{"class":247},[55,134967,2352],{"class":251},[55,134969,248],{"class":247},[55,134971,44],{"class":69},[55,134973,133496],{"class":99},[55,134975,103],{"class":69},[55,134977,40000],{"class":120},[55,134979,103],{"class":69},[55,134981,3607],{"class":1898},[55,134983,77],{"class":69},[55,134985,4050],{"class":99},[55,134987,1867],{"class":69},[55,134989,134990],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,134991,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,134993,134994,134996,134998,135000],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,134995,121],{"class":120},[55,134997,103],{"class":69},[55,134999,1288],{"class":99},[55,135001,114],{"class":69},[20,135003,302],{},[46,135005,135007],{"className":48,"code":135006,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135008,135009],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135010,135011,135013,135015,135017,135019],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135012,1035],{"class":61},[55,135014,77],{"class":69},[55,135016,4016],{"class":1312},[55,135018,77],{"class":69},[55,135020,135021],{"class":61}," banana\n",[20,135023,135024,135025,135027],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135026,172],{}," values instead of converting them.",[577,135029,135031,135033],{"id":135030},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135032,133419],{}," also works with tuples",[46,135035,135037],{"className":48,"code":135036,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135038,135039,135071],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135040,135041,135043,135045,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065,135067,135069],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135042,5155],{"class":61},[55,135044,66],{"class":65},[55,135046,9398],{"class":69},[55,135048,248],{"class":247},[55,135050,7838],{"class":251},[55,135052,248],{"class":247},[55,135054,77],{"class":69},[55,135056,258],{"class":247},[55,135058,131425],{"class":251},[55,135060,248],{"class":247},[55,135062,77],{"class":69},[55,135064,258],{"class":247},[55,135066,8082],{"class":251},[55,135068,248],{"class":247},[55,135070,114],{"class":69},[55,135072,135073,135075,135077,135079,135082,135084,135086,135088,135090,135092],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,135074,121],{"class":120},[55,135076,103],{"class":69},[55,135078,248],{"class":247},[55,135080,135081],{"class":251}," \u002F ",[55,135083,248],{"class":247},[55,135085,44],{"class":69},[55,135087,133496],{"class":99},[55,135089,103],{"class":69},[55,135091,5199],{"class":99},[55,135093,1867],{"class":69},[20,135095,302],{},[46,135097,135099],{"className":48,"code":135098,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135100,135101],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135102,135103,135106,135108,135111,135113],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135104,135105],{"class":61},"Sam ",[55,135107,127229],{"class":65},[55,135109,135110],{"class":61}," Lee ",[55,135112,127229],{"class":65},[55,135114,22481],{"class":61},[142,135116,135118,135119],{"id":135117},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135120,133419],{},[20,135122,135123],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[577,135125,135127,135128,135130],{"id":135126},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135129,3168],{}," because not all items are strings",[46,135132,135134],{"className":48,"code":135133,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135135,135136,135164],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135137,135138,135140,135142,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156,135158,135160,135162],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135139,1026],{"class":61},[55,135141,66],{"class":65},[55,135143,70],{"class":69},[55,135145,248],{"class":247},[55,135147,36],{"class":251},[55,135149,248],{"class":247},[55,135151,77],{"class":69},[55,135153,80],{"class":73},[55,135155,77],{"class":69},[55,135157,258],{"class":247},[55,135159,261],{"class":251},[55,135161,248],{"class":247},[55,135163,88],{"class":69},[55,135165,135166,135168,135170,135172,135174,135176,135178,135180,135182],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,135167,121],{"class":120},[55,135169,103],{"class":69},[55,135171,248],{"class":247},[55,135173,258],{"class":247},[55,135175,44],{"class":69},[55,135177,133496],{"class":99},[55,135179,103],{"class":69},[55,135181,1057],{"class":99},[55,135183,1867],{"class":69},[20,135185,48654,135186,135188],{},[15,135187,106],{}," is an integer.",[20,135190,39402],{},[46,135192,135194],{"className":48,"code":135193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135195,135196,135224],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135197,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206,135208,135210,135212,135214,135216,135218,135220,135222],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135199,1026],{"class":61},[55,135201,66],{"class":65},[55,135203,70],{"class":69},[55,135205,248],{"class":247},[55,135207,36],{"class":251},[55,135209,248],{"class":247},[55,135211,77],{"class":69},[55,135213,80],{"class":73},[55,135215,77],{"class":69},[55,135217,258],{"class":247},[55,135219,261],{"class":251},[55,135221,248],{"class":247},[55,135223,88],{"class":69},[55,135225,135226,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244,135246,135248,135250],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,135227,121],{"class":120},[55,135229,103],{"class":69},[55,135231,248],{"class":247},[55,135233,258],{"class":247},[55,135235,44],{"class":69},[55,135237,133496],{"class":99},[55,135239,103],{"class":69},[55,135241,40000],{"class":120},[55,135243,103],{"class":69},[55,135245,3607],{"class":1898},[55,135247,77],{"class":69},[55,135249,6123],{"class":99},[55,135251,3075],{"class":69},[20,135253,135254,135255,44],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[36,135256,25824,135258],{"href":135257},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135259,135260],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[577,135262,135264,135265,135267],{"id":135263},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135266,133419],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135269,4686],{},[46,135271,135273],{"className":48,"code":135272,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135274,135275,135307],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135276,135277,135279,135281,135283,135285,135287,135289,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299,135301,135303,135305],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135278,4234],{"class":61},[55,135280,66],{"class":65},[55,135282,70],{"class":69},[55,135284,248],{"class":247},[55,135286,7457],{"class":251},[55,135288,248],{"class":247},[55,135290,77],{"class":69},[55,135292,258],{"class":247},[55,135294,12350],{"class":251},[55,135296,248],{"class":247},[55,135298,77],{"class":69},[55,135300,258],{"class":247},[55,135302,133477],{"class":251},[55,135304,248],{"class":247},[55,135306,88],{"class":69},[55,135308,135309,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,135310,1255],{"class":61},[55,135312,66],{"class":65},[55,135314,6326],{"class":61},[55,135316,44],{"class":69},[55,135318,133496],{"class":99},[55,135320,103],{"class":69},[55,135322,248],{"class":247},[55,135324,258],{"class":247},[55,135326,114],{"class":69},[20,135328,135329,135331],{},[15,135330,133419],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135333,10967],{},[46,135335,135337],{"className":48,"code":135336,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135338,135339,135371,135391,135395],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135340,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365,135367,135369],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135342,4234],{"class":61},[55,135344,66],{"class":65},[55,135346,70],{"class":69},[55,135348,248],{"class":247},[55,135350,7457],{"class":251},[55,135352,248],{"class":247},[55,135354,77],{"class":69},[55,135356,258],{"class":247},[55,135358,12350],{"class":251},[55,135360,248],{"class":247},[55,135362,77],{"class":69},[55,135364,258],{"class":247},[55,135366,133477],{"class":251},[55,135368,248],{"class":247},[55,135370,88],{"class":69},[55,135372,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381,135383,135385,135387,135389],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,135374,1255],{"class":61},[55,135376,66],{"class":65},[55,135378,258],{"class":247},[55,135380,258],{"class":247},[55,135382,44],{"class":69},[55,135384,133496],{"class":99},[55,135386,103],{"class":69},[55,135388,4276],{"class":99},[55,135390,114],{"class":69},[55,135392,135393],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,135394,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,135396,135397,135399,135401,135403],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,135398,121],{"class":120},[55,135400,103],{"class":69},[55,135402,1288],{"class":99},[55,135404,114],{"class":69},[577,135406,135408],{"id":135407},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[46,135410,135412],{"className":48,"code":135411,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135413,135414,135446],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135415,135416,135418,135420,135422,135424,135426,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438,135440,135442,135444],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135417,4234],{"class":61},[55,135419,66],{"class":65},[55,135421,70],{"class":69},[55,135423,248],{"class":247},[55,135425,6744],{"class":251},[55,135427,248],{"class":247},[55,135429,77],{"class":69},[55,135431,258],{"class":247},[55,135433,79253],{"class":251},[55,135435,248],{"class":247},[55,135437,77],{"class":69},[55,135439,258],{"class":247},[55,135441,134223],{"class":251},[55,135443,248],{"class":247},[55,135445,88],{"class":69},[55,135447,135448,135450,135452,135454,135456,135458,135460,135462],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,135449,121],{"class":120},[55,135451,103],{"class":69},[55,135453,6430],{"class":247},[55,135455,44],{"class":69},[55,135457,133496],{"class":99},[55,135459,103],{"class":69},[55,135461,4276],{"class":99},[55,135463,1867],{"class":69},[20,135465,302],{},[46,135467,135469],{"className":48,"code":135468,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"onetwothree\n",[15,135470,135471],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135472,135473],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135474,135468],{"class":61},[20,135476,135477,135478,6790],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135479,133564],{},[577,135481,135483,135484,131687],{"id":135482},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135485,133419],{},[46,135487,135489],{"className":48,"code":135488,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135490,135491,135523,135541,135545],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135492,135493,135495,135497,135499,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509,135511,135513,135515,135517,135519,135521],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135494,4234],{"class":61},[55,135496,66],{"class":65},[55,135498,70],{"class":69},[55,135500,248],{"class":247},[55,135502,36],{"class":251},[55,135504,248],{"class":247},[55,135506,77],{"class":69},[55,135508,258],{"class":247},[55,135510,285],{"class":251},[55,135512,248],{"class":247},[55,135514,77],{"class":69},[55,135516,258],{"class":247},[55,135518,261],{"class":251},[55,135520,248],{"class":247},[55,135522,88],{"class":69},[55,135524,135525,135527,135529,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,135526,248],{"class":43470},[55,135528,903],{"class":43474},[55,135530,248],{"class":43470},[55,135532,44],{"class":69},[55,135534,133496],{"class":99},[55,135536,103],{"class":69},[55,135538,4276],{"class":99},[55,135540,114],{"class":69},[55,135542,135543],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,135544,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,135546,135547,135549,135551,135553],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,135548,121],{"class":120},[55,135550,103],{"class":69},[55,135552,4276],{"class":99},[55,135554,114],{"class":69},[20,135556,302],{},[46,135558,135559],{"className":48,"code":305,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,135560,135561],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135562,135563,135565,135567,135569,135571,135573,135575,135577,135579,135581,135583,135585,135587],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135564,312],{"class":69},[55,135566,315],{"class":247},[55,135568,36],{"class":251},[55,135570,315],{"class":247},[55,135572,77],{"class":69},[55,135574,324],{"class":247},[55,135576,285],{"class":251},[55,135578,315],{"class":247},[55,135580,77],{"class":69},[55,135582,324],{"class":247},[55,135584,261],{"class":251},[55,135586,315],{"class":247},[55,135588,88],{"class":69},[20,135590,135591,135592,135594],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135593,133419],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[142,135596,135598,135600,135601],{"id":135597},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135599,133419],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135602,2220],{},[20,135604,10751,135605,352,135607,135609],{},[15,135606,133419],{},[15,135608,2220],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[577,135611,31,135613,135615],{"id":135612},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135614,2220],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[46,135617,135619],{"className":48,"code":135618,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135620,135621,135634,135647,135667,135671],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135622,135623,135626,135628,135630,135632],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135624,135625],{"class":61},"first ",[55,135627,66],{"class":65},[55,135629,258],{"class":247},[55,135631,35009],{"class":251},[55,135633,3522],{"class":247},[55,135635,135636,135639,135641,135643,135645],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,135637,135638],{"class":61},"second ",[55,135640,66],{"class":65},[55,135642,258],{"class":247},[55,135644,89722],{"class":251},[55,135646,3522],{"class":247},[55,135648,135649,135651,135653,135656,135658,135660,135662,135664],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,135650,1255],{"class":61},[55,135652,66],{"class":65},[55,135654,135655],{"class":61}," first ",[55,135657,2220],{"class":65},[55,135659,258],{"class":247},[55,135661,258],{"class":247},[55,135663,2615],{"class":65},[55,135665,135666],{"class":61}," second\n",[55,135668,135669],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,135670,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,135672,135673,135675,135677,135679],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,135674,121],{"class":120},[55,135676,103],{"class":69},[55,135678,1288],{"class":99},[55,135680,114],{"class":69},[20,135682,302],{},[46,135684,135686],{"className":48,"code":135685,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello World\n",[15,135687,135688],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135689,135690],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135691,135685],{"class":61},[577,135693,31,135695,135697],{"id":135694},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135696,133419],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[46,135699,135701],{"className":48,"code":135700,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135702,135703,135745,135765,135769],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135704,135705,135707,135709,135711,135713,135715,135717,135719,135721,135724,135726,135728,135730,135733,135735,135737,135739,135741,135743],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135706,4234],{"class":61},[55,135708,66],{"class":65},[55,135710,70],{"class":69},[55,135712,248],{"class":247},[55,135714,7457],{"class":251},[55,135716,248],{"class":247},[55,135718,77],{"class":69},[55,135720,258],{"class":247},[55,135722,135723],{"class":251},"makes",[55,135725,248],{"class":247},[55,135727,77],{"class":69},[55,135729,258],{"class":247},[55,135731,135732],{"class":251},"this",[55,135734,248],{"class":247},[55,135736,77],{"class":69},[55,135738,258],{"class":247},[55,135740,133918],{"class":251},[55,135742,248],{"class":247},[55,135744,88],{"class":69},[55,135746,135747,135749,135751,135753,135755,135757,135759,135761,135763],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,135748,1255],{"class":61},[55,135750,66],{"class":65},[55,135752,258],{"class":247},[55,135754,258],{"class":247},[55,135756,44],{"class":69},[55,135758,133496],{"class":99},[55,135760,103],{"class":69},[55,135762,4276],{"class":99},[55,135764,114],{"class":69},[55,135766,135767],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,135768,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,135770,135771,135773,135775,135777],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,135772,121],{"class":120},[55,135774,103],{"class":69},[55,135776,1288],{"class":99},[55,135778,114],{"class":69},[20,135780,302],{},[46,135782,135784],{"className":48,"code":135783,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135785,135786],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135787,135788],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135789,135783],{"class":61},[20,135791,135792,135794],{},[15,135793,133419],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[155,135796,135797,135800,135803],{},[158,135798,135799],{},"You already have a list of strings",[158,135801,135802],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[158,135804,135805,135806,135808],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135807,2220],{}," operators",[20,135810,135811,135812,44],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[36,135813,135815],{"href":135814},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[142,135817,135819],{"id":135818},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135821,1833,135822,135824],{},[15,135823,133419],{}," is not working, check these first:",[155,135826,135827,135830,135835,135844,135850],{},[158,135828,135829],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[158,135831,135832,135833],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135834,172],{},[158,135836,135837,135838,11252,135841],{},"You may have written ",[15,135839,135840],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135842,135843],{},"string.join(...)",[158,135845,135846,135847,135849],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135848,133419],{}," to change the original iterable",[158,135851,135852],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135854,94362],{},[46,135856,135858],{"className":48,"code":135857,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135859,135860,135874,135884,135908,135948],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135861,135862,135864,135866,135868,135870,135872],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135863,121],{"class":120},[55,135865,103],{"class":69},[55,135867,1910],{"class":1898},[55,135869,103],{"class":69},[55,135871,1057],{"class":99},[55,135873,1867],{"class":69},[55,135875,135876,135878,135880,135882],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,135877,121],{"class":120},[55,135879,103],{"class":69},[55,135881,1057],{"class":99},[55,135883,114],{"class":69},[55,135885,135886,135888,135890,135892,135894,135896,135898,135900,135902,135904,135906],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,135887,121],{"class":120},[55,135889,3149],{"class":69},[55,135891,1910],{"class":1898},[55,135893,103],{"class":69},[55,135895,220],{"class":99},[55,135897,3825],{"class":69},[55,135899,4041],{"class":4040},[55,135901,6118],{"class":99},[55,135903,4047],{"class":4040},[55,135905,6123],{"class":99},[55,135907,1777],{"class":69},[55,135909,135910,135912,135914,135916,135918,135920,135922,135924,135926,135928,135930,135932,135934,135936,135938,135940,135942,135944,135946],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,135911,121],{"class":120},[55,135913,103],{"class":69},[55,135915,315],{"class":247},[55,135917,324],{"class":247},[55,135919,44],{"class":69},[55,135921,133496],{"class":99},[55,135923,3149],{"class":69},[55,135925,315],{"class":247},[55,135927,36],{"class":251},[55,135929,315],{"class":247},[55,135931,77],{"class":69},[55,135933,324],{"class":247},[55,135935,285],{"class":251},[55,135937,315],{"class":247},[55,135939,77],{"class":69},[55,135941,324],{"class":247},[55,135943,261],{"class":251},[55,135945,315],{"class":247},[55,135947,3162],{"class":69},[55,135949,135950,135952,135954,135956,135958,135960,135962,135964,135966,135968,135970,135972,135974,135976,135978,135980,135982,135984,135986],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,135951,121],{"class":120},[55,135953,103],{"class":69},[55,135955,315],{"class":247},[55,135957,2352],{"class":251},[55,135959,315],{"class":247},[55,135961,44],{"class":69},[55,135963,133496],{"class":99},[55,135965,103],{"class":69},[55,135967,40000],{"class":120},[55,135969,103],{"class":69},[55,135971,3607],{"class":1898},[55,135973,77],{"class":69},[55,135975,70],{"class":69},[55,135977,74],{"class":73},[55,135979,77],{"class":69},[55,135981,80],{"class":73},[55,135983,77],{"class":69},[55,135985,111],{"class":73},[55,135987,37404],{"class":69},[20,135989,135990],{},"What these checks do:",[155,135992,135993,136001,136007,136013,136022],{},[158,135994,135995,135998,135999,8257],{},[15,135996,135997],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136000,1057],{},[158,136002,136003,136006],{},[15,136004,136005],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[158,136008,136009,136012],{},[15,136010,136011],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[158,136014,136015,136018,136019,136021],{},[15,136016,136017],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136020,133419],{}," behavior",[158,136023,136024,136027],{},[15,136025,136026],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[142,136029,1986],{"id":1985},[577,136031,1990,136033,136035],{"id":136032},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136034,133419],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136037,136038,136039,136041,136042,44],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136040,133419],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136043,136044],{},"map(str, values)",[577,136046,1990,136048,57287],{"id":136047},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136049,133419],{},[20,136051,136052],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[577,136054,28473,136056,62759],{"id":136055},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136057,133419],{},[20,136059,42294,136060,136062],{},[15,136061,133419],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[577,136064,5303,136066,40101],{"id":136065},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136067,136068],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136070,136071],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[577,136073,136075,136076,136078,136079,2027],{"id":136074},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136077,3168],{}," when using ",[15,136080,133419],{},[20,136082,136083],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[142,136085,2039],{"id":2038},[155,136087,136088,136093,136099,136105,136111],{},[158,136089,136090],{},[36,136091,136092],{"href":135814},"How to join strings in Python",[158,136094,136095],{},[36,136096,126337,136097,43],{"href":129024},[15,136098,60655],{},[158,136100,136101],{},[36,136102,3740,136103,3673],{"href":42317},[15,136104,47827],{},[158,136106,136107],{},[36,136108,2074,136109],{"href":135257},[15,136110,135260],{},[158,136112,136113],{},[36,136114,125092],{"href":51120},[20,136116,97332,136117,136119],{},[15,136118,133419],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2080,136121,136122],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":136124},[136125,136126,136128,136131,136138,136148,136156,136166,136173,136174,136186],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":133536,"depth":91,"text":136127},"What join() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319,"children":136129},[136130],{"id":49153,"depth":117,"text":49154},{"id":121867,"depth":91,"text":121868,"children":136132},[136133,136134,136135,136136],{"id":133883,"depth":117,"text":133884},{"id":133975,"depth":117,"text":133976},{"id":134076,"depth":117,"text":134077},{"id":134185,"depth":117,"text":136137},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134288,"depth":91,"text":134289,"children":136139},[136140,136142,136144,136146],{"id":134295,"depth":117,"text":136141},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134362,"depth":117,"text":136143},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134451,"depth":117,"text":136145},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134537,"depth":117,"text":136147},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134612,"depth":91,"text":134613,"children":136149},[136150,136151,136152,136154],{"id":134621,"depth":117,"text":134622},{"id":134704,"depth":117,"text":134705},{"id":134858,"depth":117,"text":136153},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135030,"depth":117,"text":136155},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135117,"depth":91,"text":136157,"children":136158},"Common errors with join()",[136159,136161,136163,136164],{"id":135126,"depth":117,"text":136160},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135263,"depth":117,"text":136162},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135407,"depth":117,"text":135408},{"id":135482,"depth":117,"text":136165},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135597,"depth":91,"text":136167,"children":136168},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136169,136171],{"id":135612,"depth":117,"text":136170},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135694,"depth":117,"text":136172},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135818,"depth":91,"text":135819},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":136175},[136176,136178,136180,136182,136184],{"id":136032,"depth":117,"text":136177},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136047,"depth":117,"text":136179},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136055,"depth":117,"text":136181},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136065,"depth":117,"text":136183},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136074,"depth":117,"text":136185},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133411,"description":136187},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136194,"title":136195,"body":136196,"description":137764,"extension":2124,"meta":137765,"navigation":428,"path":137766,"seo":137767,"stem":137768,"__hash__":137769},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136197,"toc":137731},[136198,136203,136208,136210,136224,136269,136276,136281,136286,136288,136304,136313,136315,136317,136332,136334,136344,136346,136408,136410,136413,136474,136476,136492,136494,136507,136510,136557,136559,136565,136568,136571,136631,136639,136725,136729,136734,136736,136750,136753,136838,136841,136899,136910,136965,136967,136974,136980,136986,137030,137033,137080,137082,137084,137091,137093,137124,137127,137129,137160,137164,137167,137169,137209,137211,137254,137260,137265,137267,137294,137299,137302,137351,137355,137358,137433,137444,137447,137504,137511,137517,137525,137530,137537,137544,137562,137564,137618,137626,137628,137633,137636,137642,137648,137653,137656,137662,137668,137675,137683,137685,137728],[10,136199,123337,136201,18],{"id":136200},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136202,124067],{},[20,136204,123342,136205,136207],{},[15,136206,124067],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136209,24232],{},[155,136211,136212,136215,136218,136221],{},[158,136213,136214],{},"convert text to lowercase",[158,136216,136217],{},"compare text without case differences",[158,136219,136220],{},"clean up user input",[158,136222,136223],{},"make simple text matching easier",[46,136225,136227],{"className":48,"code":136226,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136228,136229,136242,136256],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136230,136231,136233,136235,136237,136240],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136232,34829],{"class":61},[55,136234,66],{"class":65},[55,136236,258],{"class":247},[55,136238,136239],{"class":251},"Hello WORLD",[55,136241,3522],{"class":247},[55,136243,136244,136246,136248,136250,136252,136254],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,136245,1255],{"class":61},[55,136247,66],{"class":65},[55,136249,42984],{"class":61},[55,136251,44],{"class":69},[55,136253,8801],{"class":99},[55,136255,8804],{"class":69},[55,136257,136258,136260,136262,136264,136266],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,136259,121],{"class":120},[55,136261,103],{"class":69},[55,136263,1288],{"class":99},[55,136265,3825],{"class":69},[55,136267,136268],{"class":133},"  # hello world\n",[20,136270,136271,88945,136273,136275],{},[1966,136272,83803],{},[15,136274,124067],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[142,136277,145,136279,148],{"id":136278},"what-lower-does",[15,136280,124067],{},[20,136282,136283,136285],{},[15,136284,124067],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136287,13208],{},[155,136289,136290,136295,136298,136301],{},[158,136291,136292,136294],{},[15,136293,124067],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[158,136296,136297],{},"It works on string objects",[158,136299,136300],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[158,136302,136303],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136305,125089,136306,136310,136311,44],{},[36,136307,136309],{"href":136308},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[36,136312,51121],{"href":51120},[142,136314,2319],{"id":2318},[20,136316,2322],{},[46,136318,136320],{"className":48,"code":136319,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.lower()\n",[15,136321,136322],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136323,136324,136326,136328,136330],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136325,61298],{"class":61},[55,136327,44],{"class":69},[55,136329,8801],{"class":99},[55,136331,8804],{"class":69},[20,136333,43792],{},[155,136335,136336,136338,136341],{},[158,136337,97510],{},[158,136339,136340],{},"You call it directly on a string",[158,136342,136343],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136345,230],{},[46,136347,136349],{"className":48,"code":136348,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136350,136351,136374,136378,136391],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136352,136353,136355,136357,136359,136362,136364,136366,136368,136371],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136354,121],{"class":120},[55,136356,103],{"class":69},[55,136358,248],{"class":247},[55,136360,136361],{"class":251},"HELLO",[55,136363,248],{"class":247},[55,136365,44],{"class":69},[55,136367,8801],{"class":99},[55,136369,136370],{"class":69},"())",[55,136372,136373],{"class":133},"  # hello\n",[55,136375,136376],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,136377,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,136379,136380,136382,136384,136386,136389],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,136381,8037],{"class":61},[55,136383,66],{"class":65},[55,136385,258],{"class":247},[55,136387,136388],{"class":251},"PyThOn",[55,136390,3522],{"class":247},[55,136392,136393,136395,136397,136399,136401,136403,136405],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,136394,121],{"class":120},[55,136396,103],{"class":69},[55,136398,7829],{"class":99},[55,136400,44],{"class":69},[55,136402,8801],{"class":99},[55,136404,136370],{"class":69},[55,136406,136407],{"class":133},"  # python\n",[142,136409,11634],{"id":11633},[20,136411,136412],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[46,136414,136416],{"className":48,"code":136415,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136417,136418,136430,136434,136449,136453,136464],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136419,136420,136422,136424,136426,136428],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136421,34829],{"class":61},[55,136423,66],{"class":65},[55,136425,258],{"class":247},[55,136427,136239],{"class":251},[55,136429,3522],{"class":247},[55,136431,136432],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,136433,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,136435,136436,136439,136441,136443,136445,136447],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,136437,136438],{"class":61},"lower_text ",[55,136440,66],{"class":65},[55,136442,42984],{"class":61},[55,136444,44],{"class":69},[55,136446,8801],{"class":99},[55,136448,8804],{"class":69},[55,136450,136451],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,136452,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,136454,136455,136457,136459,136462],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,136456,121],{"class":120},[55,136458,103],{"class":69},[55,136460,136461],{"class":99},"lower_text",[55,136463,114],{"class":69},[55,136465,136466,136468,136470,136472],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,136467,121],{"class":120},[55,136469,103],{"class":69},[55,136471,34850],{"class":99},[55,136473,114],{"class":69},[20,136475,302],{},[46,136477,136479],{"className":48,"code":136478,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136480,136481,136485],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136482,136483],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136484,134353],{"class":61},[55,136486,136487,136489],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,136488,131753],{"class":61},[55,136490,136491],{"class":1885},"WORLD\n",[20,136493,24752],{},[155,136495,136496,136501],{},[158,136497,136498,136500],{},[15,136499,124067],{}," returns the lowercase result",[158,136502,136503,136504,136506],{},"the original ",[15,136505,34850],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136508,136509],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[46,136511,136513],{"className":48,"code":136512,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136514,136515,136527,136541,136545],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136516,136517,136519,136521,136523,136525],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136518,34829],{"class":61},[55,136520,66],{"class":65},[55,136522,258],{"class":247},[55,136524,136239],{"class":251},[55,136526,3522],{"class":247},[55,136528,136529,136531,136533,136535,136537,136539],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,136530,34829],{"class":61},[55,136532,66],{"class":65},[55,136534,42984],{"class":61},[55,136536,44],{"class":69},[55,136538,8801],{"class":99},[55,136540,8804],{"class":69},[55,136542,136543],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,136544,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,136546,136547,136549,136551,136553,136555],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,136548,121],{"class":120},[55,136550,103],{"class":69},[55,136552,34850],{"class":99},[55,136554,3825],{"class":69},[55,136556,136268],{"class":133},[142,136558,17569],{"id":17568},[20,136560,136561,22122,136563,44],{},[15,136562,124067],{},[1966,136564,61298],{},[20,136566,136567],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136569,136570],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[46,136572,136574],{"className":48,"code":136573,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136575,136576,136590,136594,136617],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136577,136578,136581,136583,136585,136588],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136579,136580],{"class":61},"answer ",[55,136582,66],{"class":65},[55,136584,258],{"class":247},[55,136586,136587],{"class":251},"YES",[55,136589,3522],{"class":247},[55,136591,136592],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,136593,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,136595,136596,136598,136601,136603,136605,136607,136609,136611,136613,136615],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,136597,7157],{"class":4040},[55,136599,136600],{"class":61}," answer",[55,136602,44],{"class":69},[55,136604,8801],{"class":99},[55,136606,7526],{"class":69},[55,136608,6567],{"class":65},[55,136610,258],{"class":247},[55,136612,8819],{"class":251},[55,136614,248],{"class":247},[55,136616,6552],{"class":69},[55,136618,136619,136621,136623,136625,136627,136629],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,136620,8230],{"class":120},[55,136622,103],{"class":69},[55,136624,248],{"class":247},[55,136626,96819],{"class":251},[55,136628,248],{"class":247},[55,136630,114],{"class":69},[20,136632,136633,136634,153],{},"This is especially useful with ",[36,136635,136636,136637,2465],{"href":8380},"the ",[15,136638,3121],{},[46,136640,136642],{"className":48,"code":136641,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136643,136644,136663,136667,136689,136704,136710],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136645,136646,136648,136650,136652,136654,136656,136659,136661],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136647,136580],{"class":61},[55,136649,66],{"class":65},[55,136651,8403],{"class":120},[55,136653,103],{"class":69},[55,136655,248],{"class":247},[55,136657,136658],{"class":251},"Type yes or no: ",[55,136660,248],{"class":247},[55,136662,114],{"class":69},[55,136664,136665],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,136666,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,136668,136669,136671,136673,136675,136677,136679,136681,136683,136685,136687],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,136670,7157],{"class":4040},[55,136672,136600],{"class":61},[55,136674,44],{"class":69},[55,136676,8801],{"class":99},[55,136678,7526],{"class":69},[55,136680,6567],{"class":65},[55,136682,258],{"class":247},[55,136684,8819],{"class":251},[55,136686,248],{"class":247},[55,136688,6552],{"class":69},[55,136690,136691,136693,136695,136697,136700,136702],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,136692,8230],{"class":120},[55,136694,103],{"class":69},[55,136696,248],{"class":247},[55,136698,136699],{"class":251},"You typed yes",[55,136701,248],{"class":247},[55,136703,114],{"class":69},[55,136705,136706,136708],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,136707,27578],{"class":4040},[55,136709,6552],{"class":69},[55,136711,136712,136714,136716,136718,136721,136723],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,136713,8230],{"class":120},[55,136715,103],{"class":69},[55,136717,248],{"class":247},[55,136719,136720],{"class":251},"You typed something else",[55,136722,248],{"class":247},[55,136724,114],{"class":69},[142,136726,136728],{"id":136727},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136730,136731,136733],{},[15,136732,124067],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136735,7503],{},[155,136737,136738,136741,136744,136747],{},[158,136739,136740],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[158,136742,136743],{},"Make text matching easier",[158,136745,136746],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[158,136748,136749],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136751,136752],{},"Example: checking user input",[46,136754,136756],{"className":48,"code":136755,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136757,136758,136776,136780,136802,136817,136823],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136759,136760,136762,136764,136766,136768,136770,136772,136774],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136761,45101],{"class":61},[55,136763,66],{"class":65},[55,136765,8403],{"class":120},[55,136767,103],{"class":69},[55,136769,248],{"class":247},[55,136771,45112],{"class":251},[55,136773,248],{"class":247},[55,136775,114],{"class":69},[55,136777,136778],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,136779,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,136781,136782,136784,136786,136788,136790,136792,136794,136796,136798,136800],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,136783,7157],{"class":4040},[55,136785,35991],{"class":61},[55,136787,44],{"class":69},[55,136789,8801],{"class":99},[55,136791,7526],{"class":69},[55,136793,6567],{"class":65},[55,136795,258],{"class":247},[55,136797,390],{"class":251},[55,136799,248],{"class":247},[55,136801,6552],{"class":69},[55,136803,136804,136806,136808,136810,136813,136815],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,136805,8230],{"class":120},[55,136807,103],{"class":69},[55,136809,248],{"class":247},[55,136811,136812],{"class":251},"Nice choice!",[55,136814,248],{"class":247},[55,136816,114],{"class":69},[55,136818,136819,136821],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,136820,27578],{"class":4040},[55,136822,6552],{"class":69},[55,136824,136825,136827,136829,136831,136834,136836],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,136826,8230],{"class":120},[55,136828,103],{"class":69},[55,136830,248],{"class":247},[55,136832,136833],{"class":251},"Got it.",[55,136835,248],{"class":247},[55,136837,114],{"class":69},[20,136839,136840],{},"Example: simple search",[46,136842,136844],{"className":48,"code":136843,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136845,136846,136859,136863,136884],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136847,136848,136850,136852,136854,136857],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136849,89989],{"class":61},[55,136851,66],{"class":65},[55,136853,258],{"class":247},[55,136855,136856],{"class":251},"Python Is Fun",[55,136858,3522],{"class":247},[55,136860,136861],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,136862,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,136864,136865,136867,136869,136871,136873,136875,136878,136880,136882],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,136866,7157],{"class":4040},[55,136868,258],{"class":247},[55,136870,50],{"class":251},[55,136872,248],{"class":247},[55,136874,21320],{"class":65},[55,136876,136877],{"class":61}," message",[55,136879,44],{"class":69},[55,136881,8801],{"class":99},[55,136883,21742],{"class":69},[55,136885,136886,136888,136890,136892,136895,136897],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,136887,8230],{"class":120},[55,136889,103],{"class":69},[55,136891,248],{"class":247},[55,136893,136894],{"class":251},"Found it",[55,136896,248],{"class":247},[55,136898,114],{"class":69},[20,136900,136901,136902,136904,136905,153],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136903,124067],{}," is often used with ",[36,136906,136908],{"href":136907},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136909,41795],{},[46,136911,136913],{"className":48,"code":136912,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136914,136915,136928,136947,136951],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136916,136917,136919,136921,136923,136926],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136918,8037],{"class":61},[55,136920,66],{"class":65},[55,136922,258],{"class":247},[55,136924,136925],{"class":251},"  ALICE  ",[55,136927,3522],{"class":247},[55,136929,136930,136933,136935,136937,136939,136941,136943,136945],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,136931,136932],{"class":61},"clean_name ",[55,136934,66],{"class":65},[55,136936,36132],{"class":61},[55,136938,44],{"class":69},[55,136940,8795],{"class":99},[55,136942,8798],{"class":69},[55,136944,8801],{"class":99},[55,136946,8804],{"class":69},[55,136948,136949],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,136950,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,136952,136953,136955,136957,136960,136962],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,136954,121],{"class":120},[55,136956,103],{"class":69},[55,136958,136959],{"class":99},"clean_name",[55,136961,3825],{"class":69},[55,136963,136964],{"class":133},"  # alice\n",[142,136966,15746],{"id":15745},[20,136968,136969,136970,136973],{},"Strings are ",[1966,136971,136972],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136975,136976,136977,136979],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136978,124067],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136981,136982,136983,136985],{},"So this does ",[1966,136984,1968],{}," update the original variable:",[46,136987,136989],{"className":48,"code":136988,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136990,136991,137003,137013,137017],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136992,136993,136995,136997,136999,137001],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136994,34829],{"class":61},[55,136996,66],{"class":65},[55,136998,258],{"class":247},[55,137000,136361],{"class":251},[55,137002,3522],{"class":247},[55,137004,137005,137007,137009,137011],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,137006,34850],{"class":61},[55,137008,44],{"class":69},[55,137010,8801],{"class":99},[55,137012,8804],{"class":69},[55,137014,137015],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,137016,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,137018,137019,137021,137023,137025,137027],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,137020,121],{"class":120},[55,137022,103],{"class":69},[55,137024,34850],{"class":99},[55,137026,3825],{"class":69},[55,137028,137029],{"class":133},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137031,137032],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[46,137034,137036],{"className":48,"code":137035,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137037,137038,137050,137064,137068],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137039,137040,137042,137044,137046,137048],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137041,34829],{"class":61},[55,137043,66],{"class":65},[55,137045,258],{"class":247},[55,137047,136361],{"class":251},[55,137049,3522],{"class":247},[55,137051,137052,137054,137056,137058,137060,137062],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,137053,34829],{"class":61},[55,137055,66],{"class":65},[55,137057,42984],{"class":61},[55,137059,44],{"class":69},[55,137061,8801],{"class":99},[55,137063,8804],{"class":69},[55,137065,137066],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,137067,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,137069,137070,137072,137074,137076,137078],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,137071,121],{"class":120},[55,137073,103],{"class":69},[55,137075,34850],{"class":99},[55,137077,3825],{"class":69},[55,137079,136373],{"class":133},[142,137081,2992],{"id":2991},[577,137083,25832],{"id":25831},[20,137085,137086,137087,11252,137089,44],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137088,8801],{},[15,137090,124067],{},[20,137092,1343],{},[46,137094,137096],{"className":48,"code":137095,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137097,137098,137110],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137099,137100,137102,137104,137106,137108],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137101,34829],{"class":61},[55,137103,66],{"class":65},[55,137105,258],{"class":247},[55,137107,136361],{"class":251},[55,137109,3522],{"class":247},[55,137111,137112,137114,137116,137118,137120,137122],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,137113,121],{"class":120},[55,137115,103],{"class":69},[55,137117,34850],{"class":99},[55,137119,44],{"class":69},[55,137121,8801],{"class":1880},[55,137123,114],{"class":69},[20,137125,137126],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137128,16805],{},[46,137130,137132],{"className":48,"code":137131,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137133,137134,137146],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137135,137136,137138,137140,137142,137144],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137137,34829],{"class":61},[55,137139,66],{"class":65},[55,137141,258],{"class":247},[55,137143,136361],{"class":251},[55,137145,3522],{"class":247},[55,137147,137148,137150,137152,137154,137156,137158],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,137149,121],{"class":120},[55,137151,103],{"class":69},[55,137153,34850],{"class":99},[55,137155,44],{"class":69},[55,137157,8801],{"class":99},[55,137159,7354],{"class":69},[577,137161,137163],{"id":137162},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137165,137166],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137168,1343],{},[46,137170,137172],{"className":48,"code":137171,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137173,137174,137186,137196],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137175,137176,137178,137180,137182,137184],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137177,34829],{"class":61},[55,137179,66],{"class":65},[55,137181,258],{"class":247},[55,137183,136361],{"class":251},[55,137185,3522],{"class":247},[55,137187,137188,137190,137192,137194],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,137189,34850],{"class":61},[55,137191,44],{"class":69},[55,137193,8801],{"class":99},[55,137195,8804],{"class":69},[55,137197,137198,137200,137202,137204,137206],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,137199,121],{"class":120},[55,137201,103],{"class":69},[55,137203,34850],{"class":99},[55,137205,3825],{"class":69},[55,137207,137208],{"class":133},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137210,16805],{},[46,137212,137214],{"className":48,"code":137213,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137215,137216,137228,137242],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137217,137218,137220,137222,137224,137226],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137219,34829],{"class":61},[55,137221,66],{"class":65},[55,137223,258],{"class":247},[55,137225,136361],{"class":251},[55,137227,3522],{"class":247},[55,137229,137230,137232,137234,137236,137238,137240],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,137231,34829],{"class":61},[55,137233,66],{"class":65},[55,137235,42984],{"class":61},[55,137237,44],{"class":69},[55,137239,8801],{"class":99},[55,137241,8804],{"class":69},[55,137243,137244,137246,137248,137250,137252],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,137245,121],{"class":120},[55,137247,103],{"class":69},[55,137249,34850],{"class":99},[55,137251,3825],{"class":69},[55,137253,136373],{"class":133},[577,137255,8578,137257,137259],{"id":137256},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137258,124067],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137261,137262,137264],{},[15,137263,124067],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137266,1343],{},[46,137268,137270],{"className":48,"code":137269,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137271,137272,137280],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137273,137274,137276,137278],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137275,2380],{"class":61},[55,137277,66],{"class":65},[55,137279,125019],{"class":73},[55,137281,137282,137284,137286,137288,137290,137292],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,137283,121],{"class":120},[55,137285,103],{"class":69},[55,137287,2402],{"class":99},[55,137289,44],{"class":69},[55,137291,8801],{"class":99},[55,137293,7354],{"class":69},[20,137295,137296,137297,33744],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137298,124067],{},[20,137300,137301],{},"You can check the type first:",[46,137303,137305],{"className":48,"code":137304,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137306,137307,137319,137323,137337],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137308,137309,137311,137313,137315,137317],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137310,34829],{"class":61},[55,137312,66],{"class":65},[55,137314,258],{"class":247},[55,137316,136361],{"class":251},[55,137318,3522],{"class":247},[55,137320,137321],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,137322,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,137324,137325,137327,137329,137331,137333,137335],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,137326,121],{"class":120},[55,137328,103],{"class":69},[55,137330,1910],{"class":1898},[55,137332,103],{"class":69},[55,137334,34850],{"class":99},[55,137336,1867],{"class":69},[55,137338,137339,137341,137343,137345,137347,137349],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,137340,121],{"class":120},[55,137342,103],{"class":69},[55,137344,34850],{"class":99},[55,137346,44],{"class":69},[55,137348,8801],{"class":99},[55,137350,7354],{"class":69},[577,137352,137354],{"id":137353},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137356,137357],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[46,137359,137361],{"className":48,"code":137360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137362,137363,137376,137380,137397,137412,137418],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137364,137365,137367,137369,137371,137374],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137366,136580],{"class":61},[55,137368,66],{"class":65},[55,137370,258],{"class":247},[55,137372,137373],{"class":251},"Yes",[55,137375,3522],{"class":247},[55,137377,137378],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,137379,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,137381,137382,137384,137387,137389,137391,137393,137395],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,137383,7157],{"class":4040},[55,137385,137386],{"class":61}," answer ",[55,137388,4849],{"class":65},[55,137390,258],{"class":247},[55,137392,8819],{"class":251},[55,137394,248],{"class":247},[55,137396,6552],{"class":69},[55,137398,137399,137401,137403,137405,137408,137410],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,137400,8230],{"class":120},[55,137402,103],{"class":69},[55,137404,248],{"class":247},[55,137406,137407],{"class":251},"Match",[55,137409,248],{"class":247},[55,137411,114],{"class":69},[55,137413,137414,137416],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,137415,27578],{"class":4040},[55,137417,6552],{"class":69},[55,137419,137420,137422,137424,137426,137429,137431],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,137421,8230],{"class":120},[55,137423,103],{"class":69},[55,137425,248],{"class":247},[55,137427,137428],{"class":251},"No match",[55,137430,248],{"class":247},[55,137432,114],{"class":69},[20,137434,29206,137435,352,137438,137441,137442,44],{},[15,137436,137437],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137439,137440],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137443,137428],{},[20,137445,137446],{},"Better:",[46,137448,137450],{"className":48,"code":137449,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137451,137452,137464,137468,137490],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137453,137454,137456,137458,137460,137462],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137455,136580],{"class":61},[55,137457,66],{"class":65},[55,137459,258],{"class":247},[55,137461,137373],{"class":251},[55,137463,3522],{"class":247},[55,137465,137466],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,137467,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,137469,137470,137472,137474,137476,137478,137480,137482,137484,137486,137488],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,137471,7157],{"class":4040},[55,137473,136600],{"class":61},[55,137475,44],{"class":69},[55,137477,8801],{"class":99},[55,137479,7526],{"class":69},[55,137481,6567],{"class":65},[55,137483,258],{"class":247},[55,137485,8819],{"class":251},[55,137487,248],{"class":247},[55,137489,6552],{"class":69},[55,137491,137492,137494,137496,137498,137500,137502],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,137493,8230],{"class":120},[55,137495,103],{"class":69},[55,137497,248],{"class":247},[55,137499,137407],{"class":251},[55,137501,248],{"class":247},[55,137503,114],{"class":69},[577,137505,44355,137507,137510],{"id":137506},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137508,137509],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137512,137513,137514,137516],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137515,124067],{}," is enough.",[20,137518,137519,137520,137522,137523,44],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137521,137509],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137524,124067],{},[20,137526,137527,137528,122579],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137529,124067],{},[142,137531,137533,982,137535],{"id":137532},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137534,124067],{},[15,137536,128215],{},[20,137538,137539,352,137541,137543],{},[15,137540,124067],{},[15,137542,128215],{}," are very similar.",[155,137545,137546,137551,137556,137559],{},[158,137547,137548,137550],{},[15,137549,124067],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[158,137552,137553,137555],{},[15,137554,128215],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[158,137557,137558],{},"Both return new strings",[158,137560,137561],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137563,230],{},[46,137565,137567],{"className":48,"code":137566,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137568,137569,137581,137585,137601],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137570,137571,137573,137575,137577,137579],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137572,34829],{"class":61},[55,137574,66],{"class":65},[55,137576,258],{"class":247},[55,137578,129056],{"class":251},[55,137580,3522],{"class":247},[55,137582,137583],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,137584,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,137586,137587,137589,137591,137593,137595,137597,137599],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,137588,121],{"class":120},[55,137590,103],{"class":69},[55,137592,34850],{"class":99},[55,137594,44],{"class":69},[55,137596,8801],{"class":99},[55,137598,136370],{"class":69},[55,137600,136268],{"class":133},[55,137602,137603,137605,137607,137609,137611,137613,137615],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,137604,121],{"class":120},[55,137606,103],{"class":69},[55,137608,34850],{"class":99},[55,137610,44],{"class":69},[55,137612,34619],{"class":99},[55,137614,136370],{"class":69},[55,137616,137617],{"class":133},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137619,137620,137621,44],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[36,137622,126337,137624,43],{"href":137623},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137625,128215],{},[142,137627,1986],{"id":1985},[577,137629,1990,137631,124664],{"id":137630},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137632,124067],{},[20,137634,137635],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[577,137637,1990,137639,137641],{"id":137638},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137640,124067],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137643,137644,137645,44],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137646,137647],{},"string.lower()",[577,137649,5303,137651,12871],{"id":137650},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137652,124067],{},[20,137654,137655],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[577,137657,28473,137659,137661],{"id":137658},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137660,124067],{}," on user input?",[20,137663,137664,137665,137667],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137666,3121],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[577,137669,2022,137671,352,137673,2027],{"id":137670},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137672,124067],{},[15,137674,137509],{},[20,137676,137677,137679,137680,137682],{},[15,137678,124067],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137681,137509],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[142,137684,2039],{"id":2038},[155,137686,137687,137691,137697,137703,137709,137713,137717,137723],{},[158,137688,137689],{},[36,137690,51121],{"href":51120},[158,137692,137693],{},[36,137694,126337,137695,43],{"href":137623},[15,137696,128215],{},[158,137698,137699],{},[36,137700,126337,137701,43],{"href":136907},[15,137702,41795],{},[158,137704,137705],{},[36,137706,126337,137707,43],{"href":129918},[15,137708,124508],{},[158,137710,137711],{},[36,137712,124736],{"href":123592},[158,137714,137715],{},[36,137716,90665],{"href":89674},[158,137718,137719],{},[36,137720,3740,137721,3673],{"href":8380},[15,137722,3121],{},[158,137724,137725],{},[36,137726,137727],{"href":136308},"What is a string in Python?",[2080,137729,137730],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":137732},[137733,137735,137736,137737,137738,137739,137740,137749,137751,137763],{"id":136278,"depth":91,"text":137734},"What lower() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":17568,"depth":91,"text":17569},{"id":136727,"depth":91,"text":136728},{"id":15745,"depth":91,"text":15746},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":137741},[137742,137743,137744,137746,137747],{"id":25831,"depth":117,"text":25832},{"id":137162,"depth":117,"text":137163},{"id":137256,"depth":117,"text":137745},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137353,"depth":117,"text":137354},{"id":137506,"depth":117,"text":137748},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137532,"depth":91,"text":137750},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":137752},[137753,137755,137757,137759,137761],{"id":137630,"depth":117,"text":137754},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137638,"depth":117,"text":137756},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137650,"depth":117,"text":137758},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137658,"depth":117,"text":137760},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137670,"depth":117,"text":137762},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136195,"description":137764},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137771,"title":137772,"body":137773,"description":139323,"extension":2124,"meta":139324,"navigation":428,"path":139325,"seo":139326,"stem":139327,"__hash__":139328},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137774,"toc":139284},[137775,137780,137785,137791,137806,137808,137868,137870,137879,137885,137890,137895,137897,137911,137915,137917,137964,137966,137984,137986,137989,138060,138062,138076,138079,138091,138100,138104,138109,138114,138118,138184,138186,138195,138199,138264,138266,138275,138278,138283,138287,138292,138296,138357,138359,138368,138372,138375,138431,138433,138442,138445,138458,138460,138464,138471,138533,138535,138548,138554,138557,138564,138569,138574,138577,138585,138587,138648,138650,138659,138662,138709,138712,138759,138761,138766,138783,138790,138795,138848,138850,138858,138860,138917,138919,138927,138931,138978,138980,138988,138996,139000,139048,139050,139059,139064,139115,139117,139126,139133,139136,139157,139159,139164,139167,139171,139174,139178,139181,139208,139214,139217,139244,139249,139251,139253,139281],[10,137776,123337,137778,18],{"id":137777},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137779,124508],{},[20,137781,123342,137782,137784],{},[15,137783,124508],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137786,137787,137788,137790],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137789,124508],{},". You will learn:",[155,137792,137793,137797,137800,137803],{},[158,137794,26163,137795,148],{},[15,137796,124508],{},[158,137798,137799],{},"how its syntax works",[158,137801,137802],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[158,137804,137805],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[142,137807,2165],{"id":2164},[46,137809,137811],{"className":48,"code":137810,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137812,137813,137826,137858],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137814,137815,137817,137819,137821,137824],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137816,34829],{"class":61},[55,137818,66],{"class":65},[55,137820,258],{"class":247},[55,137822,137823],{"class":251},"I like cats",[55,137825,3522],{"class":247},[55,137827,137828,137830,137832,137834,137836,137838,137840,137842,137845,137847,137849,137851,137854,137856],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,137829,130176],{"class":61},[55,137831,66],{"class":65},[55,137833,42984],{"class":61},[55,137835,44],{"class":69},[55,137837,35141],{"class":99},[55,137839,103],{"class":69},[55,137841,248],{"class":247},[55,137843,137844],{"class":251},"cats",[55,137846,248],{"class":247},[55,137848,77],{"class":69},[55,137850,258],{"class":247},[55,137852,137853],{"class":251},"dogs",[55,137855,248],{"class":247},[55,137857,114],{"class":69},[55,137859,137860,137862,137864,137866],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,137861,121],{"class":120},[55,137863,103],{"class":69},[55,137865,130207],{"class":99},[55,137867,114],{"class":69},[20,137869,302],{},[46,137871,137873],{"className":48,"code":137872,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"I like dogs\n",[15,137874,137875],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137876,137877],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137878,137872],{"class":61},[20,137880,31,137881,137884],{},[15,137882,137883],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[142,137886,145,137888,148],{"id":137887},"what-replace-does",[15,137889,124508],{},[20,137891,137892,137894],{},[15,137893,124508],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137896,13208],{},[155,137898,137899,137901,137903,137906],{},[158,137900,133585],{},[158,137902,136303],{},[158,137904,137905],{},"It works on exact matches",[158,137907,137908,137909],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137910,41401],{},[20,137912,125089,137913,44],{},[36,137914,125092],{"href":51120},[142,137916,182],{"id":181},[46,137918,137920],{"className":48,"code":137919,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137921,137922,137942],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137923,137924,137926,137928,137930,137932,137935,137937,137940],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137925,61298],{"class":61},[55,137927,44],{"class":69},[55,137929,35141],{"class":99},[55,137931,103],{"class":69},[55,137933,137934],{"class":99},"old",[55,137936,77],{"class":69},[55,137938,137939],{"class":99}," new",[55,137941,114],{"class":69},[55,137943,137944,137946,137948,137950,137952,137954,137956,137958,137960,137962],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,137945,61298],{"class":61},[55,137947,44],{"class":69},[55,137949,35141],{"class":99},[55,137951,103],{"class":69},[55,137953,137934],{"class":99},[55,137955,77],{"class":69},[55,137957,137939],{"class":99},[55,137959,77],{"class":69},[55,137961,49746],{"class":99},[55,137963,114],{"class":69},[577,137965,17545],{"id":17544},[155,137967,137968,137973,137979],{},[158,137969,137970,137972],{},[15,137971,137934],{}," = the text to find",[158,137974,137975,137978],{},[15,137976,137977],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[158,137980,137981,137983],{},[15,137982,41401],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[142,137985,359],{"id":358},[20,137987,137988],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[46,137990,137992],{"className":48,"code":137991,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137993,137994,138006,138036,138040,138050],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137995,137996,137998,138000,138002,138004],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137997,34829],{"class":61},[55,137999,66],{"class":65},[55,138001,258],{"class":247},[55,138003,137823],{"class":251},[55,138005,3522],{"class":247},[55,138007,138008,138010,138012,138014,138016,138018,138020,138022,138024,138026,138028,138030,138032,138034],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,138009,130176],{"class":61},[55,138011,66],{"class":65},[55,138013,42984],{"class":61},[55,138015,44],{"class":69},[55,138017,35141],{"class":99},[55,138019,103],{"class":69},[55,138021,248],{"class":247},[55,138023,137844],{"class":251},[55,138025,248],{"class":247},[55,138027,77],{"class":69},[55,138029,258],{"class":247},[55,138031,137853],{"class":251},[55,138033,248],{"class":247},[55,138035,114],{"class":69},[55,138037,138038],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,138039,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,138041,138042,138044,138046,138048],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,138043,121],{"class":120},[55,138045,103],{"class":69},[55,138047,34850],{"class":99},[55,138049,114],{"class":69},[55,138051,138052,138054,138056,138058],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,138053,121],{"class":120},[55,138055,103],{"class":69},[55,138057,130207],{"class":99},[55,138059,114],{"class":69},[20,138061,302],{},[46,138063,138065],{"className":48,"code":138064,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138066,138067,138072],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138068,138069],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138070,138071],{"class":61},"I like cats\n",[55,138073,138074],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,138075,137872],{"class":61},[20,138077,138078],{},"Notice what happened:",[155,138080,138081,138086],{},[158,138082,138083,138085],{},[15,138084,34850],{}," did not change",[158,138087,138088,138090],{},[15,138089,130207],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138092,138093,138094,138096,138097,138099],{},"This happens because strings are ",[1966,138095,136972],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138098,124508],{}," return a new string instead.",[142,138101,138103],{"id":138102},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138105,89683,138106,138108],{},[15,138107,124508],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138110,138111,138112,36760],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138113,41401],{},[577,138115,138117],{"id":138116},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[46,138119,138121],{"className":48,"code":138120,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138122,138123,138136,138170,138174],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138124,138125,138127,138129,138131,138134],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138126,34829],{"class":61},[55,138128,66],{"class":65},[55,138130,258],{"class":247},[55,138132,138133],{"class":251},"cat cat cat",[55,138135,3522],{"class":247},[55,138137,138138,138140,138142,138144,138146,138148,138150,138152,138154,138156,138158,138160,138162,138164,138166,138168],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,138139,1255],{"class":61},[55,138141,66],{"class":65},[55,138143,42984],{"class":61},[55,138145,44],{"class":69},[55,138147,35141],{"class":99},[55,138149,103],{"class":69},[55,138151,248],{"class":247},[55,138153,37186],{"class":251},[55,138155,248],{"class":247},[55,138157,77],{"class":69},[55,138159,258],{"class":247},[55,138161,58250],{"class":251},[55,138163,248],{"class":247},[55,138165,77],{"class":69},[55,138167,630],{"class":73},[55,138169,114],{"class":69},[55,138171,138172],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,138173,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,138175,138176,138178,138180,138182],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,138177,121],{"class":120},[55,138179,103],{"class":69},[55,138181,1288],{"class":99},[55,138183,114],{"class":69},[20,138185,302],{},[46,138187,138189],{"className":48,"code":138188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138190,138191],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138192,138193],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138194,138188],{"class":61},[577,138196,138198],{"id":138197},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[46,138200,138202],{"className":48,"code":138201,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138203,138204,138216,138250,138254],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138205,138206,138208,138210,138212,138214],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138207,34829],{"class":61},[55,138209,66],{"class":65},[55,138211,258],{"class":247},[55,138213,138133],{"class":251},[55,138215,3522],{"class":247},[55,138217,138218,138220,138222,138224,138226,138228,138230,138232,138234,138236,138238,138240,138242,138244,138246,138248],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,138219,1255],{"class":61},[55,138221,66],{"class":65},[55,138223,42984],{"class":61},[55,138225,44],{"class":69},[55,138227,35141],{"class":99},[55,138229,103],{"class":69},[55,138231,248],{"class":247},[55,138233,37186],{"class":251},[55,138235,248],{"class":247},[55,138237,77],{"class":69},[55,138239,258],{"class":247},[55,138241,58250],{"class":251},[55,138243,248],{"class":247},[55,138245,77],{"class":69},[55,138247,80],{"class":73},[55,138249,114],{"class":69},[55,138251,138252],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,138253,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,138255,138256,138258,138260,138262],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,138257,121],{"class":120},[55,138259,103],{"class":69},[55,138261,1288],{"class":99},[55,138263,114],{"class":69},[20,138265,302],{},[46,138267,138269],{"className":48,"code":138268,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138270,138271],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138272,138273],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138274,138268],{"class":61},[20,138276,138277],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138279,138280,138281,44],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[36,138282,128061],{"href":124505},[142,138284,138286],{"id":138285},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138288,138289,138291],{},[15,138290,124508],{}," can also change single characters.",[577,138293,138295],{"id":138294},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[46,138297,138299],{"className":48,"code":138298,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138300,138301,138313,138343,138347],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138302,138303,138305,138307,138309,138311],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138304,34829],{"class":61},[55,138306,66],{"class":65},[55,138308,258],{"class":247},[55,138310,1072],{"class":251},[55,138312,3522],{"class":247},[55,138314,138315,138317,138319,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329,138331,138333,138335,138337,138339,138341],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,138316,1255],{"class":61},[55,138318,66],{"class":65},[55,138320,42984],{"class":61},[55,138322,44],{"class":69},[55,138324,35141],{"class":99},[55,138326,103],{"class":69},[55,138328,248],{"class":247},[55,138330,36],{"class":251},[55,138332,248],{"class":247},[55,138334,77],{"class":69},[55,138336,258],{"class":247},[55,138338,60597],{"class":251},[55,138340,248],{"class":247},[55,138342,114],{"class":69},[55,138344,138345],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,138346,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,138348,138349,138351,138353,138355],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,138350,121],{"class":120},[55,138352,103],{"class":69},[55,138354,1288],{"class":99},[55,138356,114],{"class":69},[20,138358,302],{},[46,138360,138362],{"className":48,"code":138361,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bonono\n",[15,138363,138364],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138365,138366],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138367,138361],{"class":61},[577,138369,138371],{"id":138370},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138373,138374],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[46,138376,138378],{"className":48,"code":138377,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138379,138380,138393,138417,138421],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138381,138382,138384,138386,138388,138391],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138383,34829],{"class":61},[55,138385,66],{"class":65},[55,138387,258],{"class":247},[55,138389,138390],{"class":251},"a b c",[55,138392,3522],{"class":247},[55,138394,138395,138397,138399,138401,138403,138405,138407,138409,138411,138413,138415],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,138396,1255],{"class":61},[55,138398,66],{"class":65},[55,138400,42984],{"class":61},[55,138402,44],{"class":69},[55,138404,35141],{"class":99},[55,138406,103],{"class":69},[55,138408,248],{"class":247},[55,138410,258],{"class":247},[55,138412,77],{"class":69},[55,138414,6284],{"class":247},[55,138416,114],{"class":69},[55,138418,138419],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,138420,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,138422,138423,138425,138427,138429],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,138424,121],{"class":120},[55,138426,103],{"class":69},[55,138428,1288],{"class":99},[55,138430,114],{"class":69},[20,138432,302],{},[46,138434,138436],{"className":48,"code":138435,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"abc\n",[15,138437,138438],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138439,138440],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138441,138435],{"class":61},[20,138443,138444],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138446,138447,138448,138452,138453,138457],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[36,138449,126337,138450,43],{"href":129024},[15,138451,60655],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[36,138454,126337,138455,43],{"href":136907},[15,138456,41795],{}," is often a better choice.",[142,138459,123984],{"id":123983},[20,138461,138462,123795],{},[15,138463,124508],{},[20,138465,127382,138466,352,138468,127389],{},[15,138467,113021],{},[15,138469,138470],{},"\"Cat\"",[46,138472,138474],{"className":48,"code":138473,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138475,138476,138489,138519,138523],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138477,138478,138480,138482,138484,138487],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138479,34829],{"class":61},[55,138481,66],{"class":65},[55,138483,258],{"class":247},[55,138485,138486],{"class":251},"Cat cat CAT",[55,138488,3522],{"class":247},[55,138490,138491,138493,138495,138497,138499,138501,138503,138505,138507,138509,138511,138513,138515,138517],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,138492,1255],{"class":61},[55,138494,66],{"class":65},[55,138496,42984],{"class":61},[55,138498,44],{"class":69},[55,138500,35141],{"class":99},[55,138502,103],{"class":69},[55,138504,248],{"class":247},[55,138506,37186],{"class":251},[55,138508,248],{"class":247},[55,138510,77],{"class":69},[55,138512,258],{"class":247},[55,138514,58250],{"class":251},[55,138516,248],{"class":247},[55,138518,114],{"class":69},[55,138520,138521],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,138522,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,138524,138525,138527,138529,138531],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,138526,121],{"class":120},[55,138528,103],{"class":69},[55,138530,1288],{"class":99},[55,138532,114],{"class":69},[20,138534,302],{},[46,138536,138538],{"className":48,"code":138537,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138539,138540],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138541,138542,138545],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138543,138544],{"class":61},"Cat dog ",[55,138546,138547],{"class":1885},"CAT\n",[20,138549,138550,138551,138553],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138552,113021],{}," was replaced.",[20,138555,138556],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138558,138559,138560,44],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[36,138561,126337,138562,43],{"href":124064},[15,138563,124067],{},[142,138565,145,138567,11862],{"id":138566},"what-replace-returns",[15,138568,124508],{},[20,138570,138571,138573],{},[15,138572,124508],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138575,138576],{},"If no match is found:",[155,138578,138579,138582],{},[158,138580,138581],{},"no error happens",[158,138583,138584],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138586,230],{},[46,138588,138590],{"className":48,"code":138589,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138591,138592,138604,138634,138638],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138593,138594,138596,138598,138600,138602],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138595,34829],{"class":61},[55,138597,66],{"class":65},[55,138599,258],{"class":247},[55,138601,4009],{"class":251},[55,138603,3522],{"class":247},[55,138605,138606,138608,138610,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,138607,1255],{"class":61},[55,138609,66],{"class":65},[55,138611,42984],{"class":61},[55,138613,44],{"class":69},[55,138615,35141],{"class":99},[55,138617,103],{"class":69},[55,138619,248],{"class":247},[55,138621,2336],{"class":251},[55,138623,248],{"class":247},[55,138625,77],{"class":69},[55,138627,258],{"class":247},[55,138629,11902],{"class":251},[55,138631,248],{"class":247},[55,138633,114],{"class":69},[55,138635,138636],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,138637,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,138639,138640,138642,138644,138646],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,138641,121],{"class":120},[55,138643,103],{"class":69},[55,138645,1288],{"class":99},[55,138647,114],{"class":69},[20,138649,302],{},[46,138651,138653],{"className":48,"code":138652,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"hello\n",[15,138654,138655],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138656,138657],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138658,138652],{"class":61},[20,138660,138661],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[46,138663,138665],{"className":48,"code":138664,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138666,138667,138679],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138668,138669,138671,138673,138675,138677],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138670,34829],{"class":61},[55,138672,66],{"class":65},[55,138674,258],{"class":247},[55,138676,60530],{"class":251},[55,138678,3522],{"class":247},[55,138680,138681,138683,138685,138687,138689,138691,138693,138695,138697,138699,138701,138703,138705,138707],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,138682,130176],{"class":61},[55,138684,66],{"class":65},[55,138686,42984],{"class":61},[55,138688,44],{"class":69},[55,138690,35141],{"class":99},[55,138692,103],{"class":69},[55,138694,248],{"class":247},[55,138696,60715],{"class":251},[55,138698,248],{"class":247},[55,138700,77],{"class":69},[55,138702,258],{"class":247},[55,138704,7457],{"class":251},[55,138706,248],{"class":247},[55,138708,114],{"class":69},[20,138710,138711],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[46,138713,138715],{"className":48,"code":138714,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138716,138717,138729],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138718,138719,138721,138723,138725,138727],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138720,34829],{"class":61},[55,138722,66],{"class":65},[55,138724,258],{"class":247},[55,138726,60530],{"class":251},[55,138728,3522],{"class":247},[55,138730,138731,138733,138735,138737,138739,138741,138743,138745,138747,138749,138751,138753,138755,138757],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,138732,34829],{"class":61},[55,138734,66],{"class":65},[55,138736,42984],{"class":61},[55,138738,44],{"class":69},[55,138740,35141],{"class":99},[55,138742,103],{"class":69},[55,138744,248],{"class":247},[55,138746,60715],{"class":251},[55,138748,248],{"class":247},[55,138750,77],{"class":69},[55,138752,258],{"class":247},[55,138754,7457],{"class":251},[55,138756,248],{"class":247},[55,138758,114],{"class":69},[142,138760,1211],{"id":1210},[20,138762,138763,138764,153],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138765,124508],{},[155,138767,138768,138771,138775,138778],{},[158,138769,138770],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[158,138772,1553,138773,131557],{},[15,138774,124508],{},[158,138776,138777],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[158,138779,37343,138780,138782],{},[15,138781,124508],{}," with regex-based replacements",[577,138784,138786,138787,138789],{"id":138785},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138788,124508],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138791,138792,138793,153],{},"This does not update ",[15,138794,34850],{},[46,138796,138798],{"className":48,"code":138797,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138799,138800,138812,138838],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138801,138802,138804,138806,138808,138810],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138803,34829],{"class":61},[55,138805,66],{"class":65},[55,138807,258],{"class":247},[55,138809,137823],{"class":251},[55,138811,3522],{"class":247},[55,138813,138814,138816,138818,138820,138822,138824,138826,138828,138830,138832,138834,138836],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,138815,34850],{"class":61},[55,138817,44],{"class":69},[55,138819,35141],{"class":99},[55,138821,103],{"class":69},[55,138823,248],{"class":247},[55,138825,137844],{"class":251},[55,138827,248],{"class":247},[55,138829,77],{"class":69},[55,138831,258],{"class":247},[55,138833,137853],{"class":251},[55,138835,248],{"class":247},[55,138837,114],{"class":69},[55,138839,138840,138842,138844,138846],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,138841,121],{"class":120},[55,138843,103],{"class":69},[55,138845,34850],{"class":99},[55,138847,114],{"class":69},[20,138849,302],{},[46,138851,138852],{"className":48,"code":138071,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,138853,138854],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138855,138856],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138857,138071],{"class":61},[20,138859,10967],{},[46,138861,138863],{"className":48,"code":138862,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138864,138865,138877,138907],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138866,138867,138869,138871,138873,138875],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138868,34829],{"class":61},[55,138870,66],{"class":65},[55,138872,258],{"class":247},[55,138874,137823],{"class":251},[55,138876,3522],{"class":247},[55,138878,138879,138881,138883,138885,138887,138889,138891,138893,138895,138897,138899,138901,138903,138905],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,138880,34829],{"class":61},[55,138882,66],{"class":65},[55,138884,42984],{"class":61},[55,138886,44],{"class":69},[55,138888,35141],{"class":99},[55,138890,103],{"class":69},[55,138892,248],{"class":247},[55,138894,137844],{"class":251},[55,138896,248],{"class":247},[55,138898,77],{"class":69},[55,138900,258],{"class":247},[55,138902,137853],{"class":251},[55,138904,248],{"class":247},[55,138906,114],{"class":69},[55,138908,138909,138911,138913,138915],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,138910,121],{"class":120},[55,138912,103],{"class":69},[55,138914,34850],{"class":99},[55,138916,114],{"class":69},[20,138918,302],{},[46,138920,138921],{"className":48,"code":137872,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,138922,138923],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138924,138925],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138926,137872],{"class":61},[577,138928,138930],{"id":138929},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[46,138932,138934],{"className":48,"code":138933,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138935,138936,138948],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138937,138938,138940,138942,138944,138946],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138939,34829],{"class":61},[55,138941,66],{"class":65},[55,138943,258],{"class":247},[55,138945,35009],{"class":251},[55,138947,3522],{"class":247},[55,138949,138950,138952,138954,138956,138958,138960,138962,138964,138966,138968,138970,138972,138974,138976],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,138951,121],{"class":120},[55,138953,103],{"class":69},[55,138955,34850],{"class":99},[55,138957,44],{"class":69},[55,138959,35141],{"class":99},[55,138961,103],{"class":69},[55,138963,248],{"class":247},[55,138965,4009],{"class":251},[55,138967,248],{"class":247},[55,138969,77],{"class":69},[55,138971,258],{"class":247},[55,138973,89918],{"class":251},[55,138975,248],{"class":247},[55,138977,1867],{"class":69},[20,138979,302],{},[46,138981,138982],{"className":48,"code":88931,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,138983,138984],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138985,138986],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138987,88931],{"class":61},[20,138989,138990,138991,352,138993,138995],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138992,64659],{},[15,138994,90400],{}," are not the same.",[577,138997,138999],{"id":138998},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[46,139001,139003],{"className":48,"code":139002,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139004,139005,139018],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139006,139007,139009,139011,139013,139016],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139008,34829],{"class":61},[55,139010,66],{"class":65},[55,139012,258],{"class":247},[55,139014,139015],{"class":251},"red red red",[55,139017,3522],{"class":247},[55,139019,139020,139022,139024,139026,139028,139030,139032,139034,139036,139038,139040,139042,139044,139046],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,139021,121],{"class":120},[55,139023,103],{"class":69},[55,139025,34850],{"class":99},[55,139027,44],{"class":69},[55,139029,35141],{"class":99},[55,139031,103],{"class":69},[55,139033,248],{"class":247},[55,139035,381],{"class":251},[55,139037,248],{"class":247},[55,139039,77],{"class":69},[55,139041,258],{"class":247},[55,139043,390],{"class":251},[55,139045,248],{"class":247},[55,139047,1867],{"class":69},[20,139049,302],{},[46,139051,139053],{"className":48,"code":139052,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139054,139055],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139056,139057],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139058,139052],{"class":61},[20,139060,139061,139062,153],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139063,41401],{},[46,139065,139067],{"className":48,"code":139066,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139068,139069,139081],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139070,139071,139073,139075,139077,139079],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139072,34829],{"class":61},[55,139074,66],{"class":65},[55,139076,258],{"class":247},[55,139078,139015],{"class":251},[55,139080,3522],{"class":247},[55,139082,139083,139085,139087,139089,139091,139093,139095,139097,139099,139101,139103,139105,139107,139109,139111,139113],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,139084,121],{"class":120},[55,139086,103],{"class":69},[55,139088,34850],{"class":99},[55,139090,44],{"class":69},[55,139092,35141],{"class":99},[55,139094,103],{"class":69},[55,139096,248],{"class":247},[55,139098,381],{"class":251},[55,139100,248],{"class":247},[55,139102,77],{"class":69},[55,139104,258],{"class":247},[55,139106,390],{"class":251},[55,139108,248],{"class":247},[55,139110,77],{"class":69},[55,139112,630],{"class":73},[55,139114,1867],{"class":69},[20,139116,302],{},[46,139118,139120],{"className":48,"code":139119,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"blue red red\n",[15,139121,139122],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139123,139124],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139125,139119],{"class":61},[577,139127,139129,139130,139132],{"id":139128},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139131,124508],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139134,139135],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[155,139137,139138,139145,139152],{},[158,139139,31,139140,139144],{},[36,139141,139142],{"href":129024},[15,139143,60655],{}," to break a string into a list",[158,139146,31,139147,139151],{},[36,139148,139149],{"href":136907},[15,139150,41795],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[158,139153,31,139154,139156],{},[15,139155,124508],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[142,139158,1986],{"id":1985},[577,139160,1990,139162,124664],{"id":139161},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139163,124508],{},[20,139165,139166],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[577,139168,139170],{"id":139169},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139172,139173],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[577,139175,139177],{"id":139176},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139179,139180],{},"Use the third argument:",[46,139182,139184],{"className":48,"code":139183,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139185,139186],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139187,139188,139190,139192,139194,139196,139198,139200,139202,139204,139206],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139189,34850],{"class":61},[55,139191,44],{"class":69},[55,139193,35141],{"class":99},[55,139195,103],{"class":69},[55,139197,137934],{"class":99},[55,139199,77],{"class":69},[55,139201,137939],{"class":99},[55,139203,77],{"class":69},[55,139205,630],{"class":73},[55,139207,114],{"class":69},[577,139209,2009,139211,139213],{"id":139210},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139212,124508],{}," remove text?",[20,139215,139216],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[46,139218,139220],{"className":48,"code":139219,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139221,139222],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139223,139224,139226,139228,139230,139232,139234,139236,139238,139240,139242],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139225,34850],{"class":61},[55,139227,44],{"class":69},[55,139229,35141],{"class":99},[55,139231,103],{"class":69},[55,139233,248],{"class":247},[55,139235,2336],{"class":251},[55,139237,248],{"class":247},[55,139239,77],{"class":69},[55,139241,6284],{"class":247},[55,139243,114],{"class":69},[577,139245,15052,139247,124673],{"id":139246},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139248,124508],{},[20,139250,129866],{},[142,139252,2039],{"id":2038},[155,139254,139255,139259,139265,139271,139277],{},[158,139256,139257],{},[36,139258,124743],{"href":124505},[158,139260,139261],{},[36,139262,126337,139263,43],{"href":129024},[15,139264,60655],{},[158,139266,139267],{},[36,139268,126337,139269,43],{"href":136907},[15,139270,41795],{},[158,139272,139273],{},[36,139274,126337,139275,43],{"href":124064},[15,139276,124067],{},[158,139278,139279],{},[36,139280,125092],{"href":51120},[2080,139282,139283],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":139285},[139286,139287,139289,139292,139293,139297,139301,139302,139304,139312,139322],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":137887,"depth":91,"text":139288},"What replace() does",{"id":181,"depth":91,"text":182,"children":139290},[139291],{"id":17544,"depth":117,"text":17545},{"id":358,"depth":91,"text":359},{"id":138102,"depth":91,"text":138103,"children":139294},[139295,139296],{"id":138116,"depth":117,"text":138117},{"id":138197,"depth":117,"text":138198},{"id":138285,"depth":91,"text":138286,"children":139298},[139299,139300],{"id":138294,"depth":117,"text":138295},{"id":138370,"depth":117,"text":138371},{"id":123983,"depth":91,"text":123984},{"id":138566,"depth":91,"text":139303},"What replace() returns",{"id":1210,"depth":91,"text":1211,"children":139305},[139306,139308,139309,139310],{"id":138785,"depth":117,"text":139307},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138929,"depth":117,"text":138930},{"id":138998,"depth":117,"text":138999},{"id":139128,"depth":117,"text":139311},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":139313},[139314,139316,139317,139318,139320],{"id":139161,"depth":117,"text":139315},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139169,"depth":117,"text":139170},{"id":139176,"depth":117,"text":139177},{"id":139210,"depth":117,"text":139319},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139246,"depth":117,"text":139321},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137772,"description":139323},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139330,"title":139331,"body":139332,"description":141351,"extension":2124,"meta":141352,"navigation":428,"path":141353,"seo":141354,"stem":141355,"__hash__":141356},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139333,"toc":141315},[139334,139339,139344,139347,139358,139360,139415,139420,139425,139432,139434,139449,139451,139507,139509,139547,139552,139554,139578,139581,139594,139599,139601,139633,139635,139668,139674,139679,139682,139692,139695,139697,139753,139755,139805,139808,139816,139819,139875,139877,139950,139963,139971,139975,139986,139989,139992,140045,140047,140079,140082,140136,140138,140173,140176,140181,140186,140191,140194,140196,140254,140256,140290,140292,140307,140310,140312,140354,140356,140382,140387,140395,140398,140400,140482,140484,140535,140538,140549,140557,140559,140632,140634,140652,140656,140659,140663,140690,140692,140700,140704,140739,140741,140754,140758,140761,140800,140802,140819,140824,140829,140840,140843,140854,140856,140858,140884,140887,140936,140938,140955,140958,140960,141012,141014,141046,141049,141107,141112,141114,141119,141222,141224,141238,141240,141247,141252,141257,141262,141267,141272,141275,141279,141284,141286,141312],[10,139335,123337,139337,18],{"id":139336},"python-string-split-method",[15,139338,60655],{},[20,139340,123342,139341,139343],{},[15,139342,60655],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139345,139346],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[155,139348,139349,139352,139355],{},[158,139350,139351],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[158,139353,139354],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[158,139356,139357],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[142,139359,2165],{"id":2164},[46,139361,139363],{"className":48,"code":139362,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139364,139365,139378,139400,139410],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139366,139367,139369,139371,139373,139376],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139368,34829],{"class":61},[55,139370,66],{"class":65},[55,139372,258],{"class":247},[55,139374,139375],{"class":251},"apple,banana,cherry",[55,139377,3522],{"class":247},[55,139379,139380,139382,139384,139386,139388,139390,139392,139394,139396,139398],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,139381,42979],{"class":61},[55,139383,66],{"class":65},[55,139385,42984],{"class":61},[55,139387,44],{"class":69},[55,139389,34610],{"class":99},[55,139391,103],{"class":69},[55,139393,248],{"class":247},[55,139395,77],{"class":251},[55,139397,248],{"class":247},[55,139399,114],{"class":69},[55,139401,139402,139404,139406,139408],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,139403,121],{"class":120},[55,139405,103],{"class":69},[55,139407,43011],{"class":99},[55,139409,114],{"class":69},[55,139411,139412],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,139413,139414],{"class":133},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139416,31,139417,139419],{},[15,139418,60655],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[142,139421,145,139423,148],{"id":139422},"what-split-does",[15,139424,60655],{},[20,139426,139427,132385,139429,44],{},[15,139428,60655],{},[1966,139430,139431],{},"string method",[20,139433,49071],{},[155,139435,139436,139439,139444],{},[158,139437,139438],{},"divides a string into parts",[158,139440,119639,139441],{},[1966,139442,139443],{},"new list of strings",[158,139445,119645,139446,139448],{},[1966,139447,1968],{}," change the original string",[20,139450,230],{},[46,139452,139454],{"className":48,"code":139453,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139455,139456,139469,139483,139487,139497],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139457,139458,139460,139462,139464,139467],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139459,34829],{"class":61},[55,139461,66],{"class":65},[55,139463,258],{"class":247},[55,139465,139466],{"class":251},"red blue green",[55,139468,3522],{"class":247},[55,139470,139471,139473,139475,139477,139479,139481],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,139472,42979],{"class":61},[55,139474,66],{"class":65},[55,139476,42984],{"class":61},[55,139478,44],{"class":69},[55,139480,34610],{"class":99},[55,139482,8804],{"class":69},[55,139484,139485],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,139486,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,139488,139489,139491,139493,139495],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,139490,121],{"class":120},[55,139492,103],{"class":69},[55,139494,34850],{"class":99},[55,139496,114],{"class":69},[55,139498,139499,139501,139503,139505],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,139500,121],{"class":120},[55,139502,103],{"class":69},[55,139504,43011],{"class":99},[55,139506,114],{"class":69},[20,139508,302],{},[46,139510,139512],{"className":48,"code":139511,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139513,139514,139519],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139515,139516],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139517,139518],{"class":61},"red blue green\n",[55,139520,139521,139523,139525,139527,139529,139531,139533,139535,139537,139539,139541,139543,139545],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,139522,312],{"class":69},[55,139524,315],{"class":247},[55,139526,381],{"class":251},[55,139528,315],{"class":247},[55,139530,77],{"class":69},[55,139532,324],{"class":247},[55,139534,390],{"class":251},[55,139536,315],{"class":247},[55,139538,77],{"class":69},[55,139540,324],{"class":247},[55,139542,399],{"class":251},[55,139544,315],{"class":247},[55,139546,88],{"class":69},[20,139548,139549,139550,44],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[36,139551,125092],{"href":51120},[142,139553,2319],{"id":2318},[46,139555,139557],{"className":48,"code":139556,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139558,139559],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139560,139561,139563,139565,139567,139569,139571,139573,139576],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139562,61298],{"class":61},[55,139564,44],{"class":69},[55,139566,34610],{"class":99},[55,139568,103],{"class":69},[55,139570,133741],{"class":99},[55,139572,77],{"class":69},[55,139574,139575],{"class":99}," maxsplit",[55,139577,114],{"class":69},[20,139579,139580],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[155,139582,139583,139588],{},[158,139584,139585,139587],{},[15,139586,133741],{}," tells Python where to split",[158,139589,139590,139593],{},[15,139591,139592],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139595,1833,139596,139598],{},[15,139597,133741],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139600,230],{},[46,139602,139604],{"className":48,"code":139603,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139605,139606,139619],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139607,139608,139610,139612,139614,139617],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139609,34829],{"class":61},[55,139611,66],{"class":65},[55,139613,258],{"class":247},[55,139615,139616],{"class":251},"one two three",[55,139618,3522],{"class":247},[55,139620,139621,139623,139625,139627,139629,139631],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,139622,121],{"class":120},[55,139624,103],{"class":69},[55,139626,34850],{"class":99},[55,139628,44],{"class":69},[55,139630,34610],{"class":99},[55,139632,7354],{"class":69},[20,139634,302],{},[46,139636,139638],{"className":48,"code":139637,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139639,139640],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139641,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660,139662,139664,139666],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139643,312],{"class":69},[55,139645,315],{"class":247},[55,139647,6744],{"class":251},[55,139649,315],{"class":247},[55,139651,77],{"class":69},[55,139653,324],{"class":247},[55,139655,79253],{"class":251},[55,139657,315],{"class":247},[55,139659,77],{"class":69},[55,139661,324],{"class":247},[55,139663,134223],{"class":251},[55,139665,315],{"class":247},[55,139667,88],{"class":69},[142,139669,8578,139671,139673],{"id":139670},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139672,60655],{}," with no separator",[20,139675,70156,139676,139678],{},[15,139677,60655],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139680,139681],{},"Whitespace includes:",[155,139683,139684,139686,139689],{},[158,139685,10613],{},[158,139687,139688],{},"tabs",[158,139690,139691],{},"new lines",[20,139693,139694],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139696,230],{},[46,139698,139700],{"className":48,"code":139699,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139701,139702,139725,139739,139743],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139703,139704,139706,139708,139710,139713,139716,139718,139720,139723],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139705,34829],{"class":61},[55,139707,66],{"class":65},[55,139709,258],{"class":247},[55,139711,139712],{"class":251},"Python   is",[55,139714,139715],{"class":1885},"\\t",[55,139717,133477],{"class":251},[55,139719,87135],{"class":1885},[55,139721,139722],{"class":251},"and useful",[55,139724,3522],{"class":247},[55,139726,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735,139737],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,139728,42979],{"class":61},[55,139730,66],{"class":65},[55,139732,42984],{"class":61},[55,139734,44],{"class":69},[55,139736,34610],{"class":99},[55,139738,8804],{"class":69},[55,139740,139741],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,139742,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,139744,139745,139747,139749,139751],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,139746,121],{"class":120},[55,139748,103],{"class":69},[55,139750,43011],{"class":99},[55,139752,114],{"class":69},[20,139754,302],{},[46,139756,139758],{"className":48,"code":139757,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139759,139760],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139761,139762,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772,139774,139776,139778,139780,139782,139784,139786,139788,139790,139792,139794,139796,139798,139801,139803],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139763,312],{"class":69},[55,139765,315],{"class":247},[55,139767,7457],{"class":251},[55,139769,315],{"class":247},[55,139771,77],{"class":69},[55,139773,324],{"class":247},[55,139775,12350],{"class":251},[55,139777,315],{"class":247},[55,139779,77],{"class":69},[55,139781,324],{"class":247},[55,139783,133477],{"class":251},[55,139785,315],{"class":247},[55,139787,77],{"class":69},[55,139789,324],{"class":247},[55,139791,130102],{"class":251},[55,139793,315],{"class":247},[55,139795,77],{"class":69},[55,139797,324],{"class":247},[55,139799,139800],{"class":251},"useful",[55,139802,315],{"class":247},[55,139804,88],{"class":69},[20,139806,139807],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[577,139809,139811,982,139813],{"id":139810},"split-vs-split",[15,139812,60655],{},[15,139814,139815],{},"split(' ')",[20,139817,139818],{},"These are not the same.",[46,139820,139822],{"className":48,"code":139821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139823,139824,139837,139841,139855],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139825,139826,139828,139830,139832,139835],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139827,34829],{"class":61},[55,139829,66],{"class":65},[55,139831,258],{"class":247},[55,139833,139834],{"class":251},"a  b   c",[55,139836,3522],{"class":247},[55,139838,139839],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,139840,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,139842,139843,139845,139847,139849,139851,139853],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,139844,121],{"class":120},[55,139846,103],{"class":69},[55,139848,34850],{"class":99},[55,139850,44],{"class":69},[55,139852,34610],{"class":99},[55,139854,7354],{"class":69},[55,139856,139857,139859,139861,139863,139865,139867,139869,139871,139873],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,139858,121],{"class":120},[55,139860,103],{"class":69},[55,139862,34850],{"class":99},[55,139864,44],{"class":69},[55,139866,34610],{"class":99},[55,139868,103],{"class":69},[55,139870,248],{"class":247},[55,139872,258],{"class":247},[55,139874,1867],{"class":69},[20,139876,302],{},[46,139878,139880],{"className":48,"code":139879,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139881,139882,139910],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139883,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898,139900,139902,139904,139906,139908],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139885,312],{"class":69},[55,139887,315],{"class":247},[55,139889,36],{"class":251},[55,139891,315],{"class":247},[55,139893,77],{"class":69},[55,139895,324],{"class":247},[55,139897,285],{"class":251},[55,139899,315],{"class":247},[55,139901,77],{"class":69},[55,139903,324],{"class":247},[55,139905,261],{"class":251},[55,139907,315],{"class":247},[55,139909,88],{"class":69},[55,139911,139912,139914,139916,139918,139920,139922,139924,139926,139928,139930,139932,139934,139936,139938,139940,139942,139944,139946,139948],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,139913,312],{"class":69},[55,139915,315],{"class":247},[55,139917,36],{"class":251},[55,139919,315],{"class":247},[55,139921,77],{"class":69},[55,139923,4002],{"class":247},[55,139925,77],{"class":69},[55,139927,324],{"class":247},[55,139929,285],{"class":251},[55,139931,315],{"class":247},[55,139933,77],{"class":69},[55,139935,4002],{"class":247},[55,139937,77],{"class":69},[55,139939,4002],{"class":247},[55,139941,77],{"class":69},[55,139943,324],{"class":247},[55,139945,261],{"class":251},[55,139947,315],{"class":247},[55,139949,88],{"class":69},[155,139951,139952,139957],{},[158,139953,139954,139956],{},[15,139955,60655],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[158,139958,139959,139962],{},[15,139960,139961],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139964,139965,139966,139970],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[36,139967,126337,139968,43],{"href":136907},[15,139969,41795],{}," is often useful.",[142,139972,139974],{"id":139973},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139976,139977,139978,2352,139981,2356,139983,44],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139979,139980],{},"\",\"",[15,139982,133576],{},[15,139984,139985],{},"\"::\"",[20,139987,139988],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139990,139991],{},"Example with commas:",[46,139993,139995],{"className":48,"code":139994,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139996,139997,140009,140031,140035],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139998,139999,140001,140003,140005,140007],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140000,34829],{"class":61},[55,140002,66],{"class":65},[55,140004,258],{"class":247},[55,140006,139375],{"class":251},[55,140008,3522],{"class":247},[55,140010,140011,140013,140015,140017,140019,140021,140023,140025,140027,140029],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,140012,42979],{"class":61},[55,140014,66],{"class":65},[55,140016,42984],{"class":61},[55,140018,44],{"class":69},[55,140020,34610],{"class":99},[55,140022,103],{"class":69},[55,140024,248],{"class":247},[55,140026,77],{"class":251},[55,140028,248],{"class":247},[55,140030,114],{"class":69},[55,140032,140033],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,140034,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,140036,140037,140039,140041,140043],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,140038,121],{"class":120},[55,140040,103],{"class":69},[55,140042,43011],{"class":99},[55,140044,114],{"class":69},[20,140046,302],{},[46,140048,140049],{"className":48,"code":78432,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,140050,140051],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140052,140053,140055,140057,140059,140061,140063,140065,140067,140069,140071,140073,140075,140077],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140054,312],{"class":69},[55,140056,315],{"class":247},[55,140058,1035],{"class":251},[55,140060,315],{"class":247},[55,140062,77],{"class":69},[55,140064,324],{"class":247},[55,140066,1072],{"class":251},[55,140068,315],{"class":247},[55,140070,77],{"class":69},[55,140072,324],{"class":247},[55,140074,4259],{"class":251},[55,140076,315],{"class":247},[55,140078,88],{"class":69},[20,140080,140081],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[46,140083,140085],{"className":48,"code":140084,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140086,140087,140100,140122,140126],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140088,140089,140091,140093,140095,140098],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140090,34829],{"class":61},[55,140092,66],{"class":65},[55,140094,258],{"class":247},[55,140096,140097],{"class":251},"2024::10::31",[55,140099,3522],{"class":247},[55,140101,140102,140104,140106,140108,140110,140112,140114,140116,140118,140120],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,140103,42979],{"class":61},[55,140105,66],{"class":65},[55,140107,42984],{"class":61},[55,140109,44],{"class":69},[55,140111,34610],{"class":99},[55,140113,103],{"class":69},[55,140115,248],{"class":247},[55,140117,76649],{"class":251},[55,140119,248],{"class":247},[55,140121,114],{"class":69},[55,140123,140124],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,140125,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,140127,140128,140130,140132,140134],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,140129,121],{"class":120},[55,140131,103],{"class":69},[55,140133,43011],{"class":99},[55,140135,114],{"class":69},[20,140137,302],{},[46,140139,140141],{"className":48,"code":140140,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140142,140143],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140144,140145,140147,140149,140152,140154,140156,140158,140160,140162,140164,140166,140169,140171],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140146,312],{"class":69},[55,140148,315],{"class":247},[55,140150,140151],{"class":251},"2024",[55,140153,315],{"class":247},[55,140155,77],{"class":69},[55,140157,324],{"class":247},[55,140159,800],{"class":251},[55,140161,315],{"class":247},[55,140163,77],{"class":69},[55,140165,324],{"class":247},[55,140167,140168],{"class":251},"31",[55,140170,315],{"class":247},[55,140172,88],{"class":69},[20,140174,140175],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140177,140178,140179,44],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[36,140180,129021],{"href":129020},[142,140182,8578,140184],{"id":140183},"using-maxsplit",[15,140185,139592],{},[20,140187,140188,140190],{},[15,140189,139592],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140192,140193],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140195,230],{},[46,140197,140199],{"className":48,"code":140198,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140200,140201,140214,140240,140244],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140202,140203,140205,140207,140209,140212],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140204,34829],{"class":61},[55,140206,66],{"class":65},[55,140208,258],{"class":247},[55,140210,140211],{"class":251},"name:age:city:country",[55,140213,3522],{"class":247},[55,140215,140216,140218,140220,140222,140224,140226,140228,140230,140232,140234,140236,140238],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,140217,42979],{"class":61},[55,140219,66],{"class":65},[55,140221,42984],{"class":61},[55,140223,44],{"class":69},[55,140225,34610],{"class":99},[55,140227,103],{"class":69},[55,140229,248],{"class":247},[55,140231,153],{"class":251},[55,140233,248],{"class":247},[55,140235,77],{"class":69},[55,140237,80],{"class":73},[55,140239,114],{"class":69},[55,140241,140242],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,140243,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,140245,140246,140248,140250,140252],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,140247,121],{"class":120},[55,140249,103],{"class":69},[55,140251,43011],{"class":99},[55,140253,114],{"class":69},[20,140255,302],{},[46,140257,140259],{"className":48,"code":140258,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140260,140261],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140262,140263,140265,140267,140269,140271,140273,140275,140277,140279,140281,140283,140286,140288],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140264,312],{"class":69},[55,140266,315],{"class":247},[55,140268,7829],{"class":251},[55,140270,315],{"class":247},[55,140272,77],{"class":69},[55,140274,324],{"class":247},[55,140276,9461],{"class":251},[55,140278,315],{"class":247},[55,140280,77],{"class":69},[55,140282,324],{"class":247},[55,140284,140285],{"class":251},"city:country",[55,140287,315],{"class":247},[55,140289,88],{"class":69},[20,140291,2341],{},[155,140293,140294,140299,140304],{},[158,140295,140296,140297],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140298,153],{},[158,140300,140301,140302],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140303,153],{},[158,140305,140306],{},"then stops",[20,140308,140309],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140311,52224],{},[46,140313,140315],{"className":48,"code":140314,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140316,140317,140330],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140318,140319,140321,140323,140325,140328],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140320,34829],{"class":61},[55,140322,66],{"class":65},[55,140324,258],{"class":247},[55,140326,140327],{"class":251},"apple banana cherry grape",[55,140329,3522],{"class":247},[55,140331,140332,140334,140336,140338,140340,140342,140344,140346,140348,140350,140352],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,140333,121],{"class":120},[55,140335,103],{"class":69},[55,140337,34850],{"class":99},[55,140339,44],{"class":69},[55,140341,34610],{"class":99},[55,140343,103],{"class":69},[55,140345,248],{"class":247},[55,140347,258],{"class":247},[55,140349,77],{"class":69},[55,140351,630],{"class":73},[55,140353,1867],{"class":69},[20,140355,302],{},[46,140357,140359],{"className":48,"code":140358,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140360,140361],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140362,140363,140365,140367,140369,140371,140373,140375,140378,140380],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140364,312],{"class":69},[55,140366,315],{"class":247},[55,140368,1035],{"class":251},[55,140370,315],{"class":247},[55,140372,77],{"class":69},[55,140374,324],{"class":247},[55,140376,140377],{"class":251},"banana cherry grape",[55,140379,315],{"class":247},[55,140381,88],{"class":69},[142,140383,145,140385,11862],{"id":140384},"what-split-returns",[15,140386,60655],{},[20,140388,140389,140390,140392,140393,44],{},"The result of ",[15,140391,60655],{}," is always a ",[1966,140394,1899],{},[20,140396,140397],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140399,230],{},[46,140401,140403],{"className":48,"code":140402,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140404,140405,140418,140440,140444,140454,140468],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140406,140407,140409,140411,140413,140416],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140408,34829],{"class":61},[55,140410,66],{"class":65},[55,140412,258],{"class":247},[55,140414,140415],{"class":251},"cat,dog,bird",[55,140417,3522],{"class":247},[55,140419,140420,140422,140424,140426,140428,140430,140432,140434,140436,140438],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,140421,42979],{"class":61},[55,140423,66],{"class":65},[55,140425,42984],{"class":61},[55,140427,44],{"class":69},[55,140429,34610],{"class":99},[55,140431,103],{"class":69},[55,140433,248],{"class":247},[55,140435,77],{"class":251},[55,140437,248],{"class":247},[55,140439,114],{"class":69},[55,140441,140442],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,140443,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,140445,140446,140448,140450,140452],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,140447,121],{"class":120},[55,140449,103],{"class":69},[55,140451,43011],{"class":99},[55,140453,114],{"class":69},[55,140455,140456,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,140457,121],{"class":120},[55,140459,103],{"class":69},[55,140461,1910],{"class":1898},[55,140463,103],{"class":69},[55,140465,43011],{"class":99},[55,140467,1867],{"class":69},[55,140469,140470,140472,140474,140476,140478,140480],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,140471,121],{"class":120},[55,140473,103],{"class":69},[55,140475,43011],{"class":99},[55,140477,312],{"class":69},[55,140479,227],{"class":73},[55,140481,1777],{"class":69},[20,140483,302],{},[46,140485,140487],{"className":48,"code":140486,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140488,140489,140517,140531],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140490,140491,140493,140495,140497,140499,140501,140503,140505,140507,140509,140511,140513,140515],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140492,312],{"class":69},[55,140494,315],{"class":247},[55,140496,37186],{"class":251},[55,140498,315],{"class":247},[55,140500,77],{"class":69},[55,140502,324],{"class":247},[55,140504,58250],{"class":251},[55,140506,315],{"class":247},[55,140508,77],{"class":69},[55,140510,324],{"class":247},[55,140512,58267],{"class":251},[55,140514,315],{"class":247},[55,140516,88],{"class":69},[55,140518,140519,140521,140523,140525,140527,140529],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,140520,3454],{"class":65},[55,140522,3457],{"class":2226},[55,140524,324],{"class":247},[55,140526,1899],{"class":251},[55,140528,315],{"class":247},[55,140530,3466],{"class":65},[55,140532,140533],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,140534,85451],{"class":61},[20,140536,140537],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[155,140539,140540,140543,140546],{},[158,140541,140542],{},"loop over it",[158,140544,140545],{},"access items by index",[158,140547,140548],{},"combine items again later",[20,140550,140551,140552,44],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[36,140553,126337,140555,43],{"href":140554},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140556,133419],{},[20,140558,230],{},[46,140560,140562],{"className":48,"code":140561,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140563,140564,140596,140618,140622],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140565,140566,140568,140570,140572,140574,140576,140578,140580,140582,140584,140586,140588,140590,140592,140594],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140567,42979],{"class":61},[55,140569,66],{"class":65},[55,140571,70],{"class":69},[55,140573,315],{"class":247},[55,140575,37186],{"class":251},[55,140577,315],{"class":247},[55,140579,77],{"class":69},[55,140581,324],{"class":247},[55,140583,58250],{"class":251},[55,140585,315],{"class":247},[55,140587,77],{"class":69},[55,140589,324],{"class":247},[55,140591,58267],{"class":251},[55,140593,315],{"class":247},[55,140595,88],{"class":69},[55,140597,140598,140600,140602,140604,140606,140608,140610,140612,140614,140616],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,140599,34829],{"class":61},[55,140601,66],{"class":65},[55,140603,258],{"class":247},[55,140605,903],{"class":251},[55,140607,248],{"class":247},[55,140609,44],{"class":69},[55,140611,133496],{"class":99},[55,140613,103],{"class":69},[55,140615,43011],{"class":99},[55,140617,114],{"class":69},[55,140619,140620],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,140621,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,140623,140624,140626,140628,140630],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,140625,121],{"class":120},[55,140627,103],{"class":69},[55,140629,34850],{"class":99},[55,140631,114],{"class":69},[20,140633,302],{},[46,140635,140637],{"className":48,"code":140636,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140638,140639],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140640,140641,140643,140645,140647,140649],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140642,37186],{"class":61},[55,140644,903],{"class":65},[55,140646,58250],{"class":61},[55,140648,903],{"class":65},[55,140650,140651],{"class":61},"bird\n",[142,140653,140655],{"id":140654},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140657,140658],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[577,140660,140662],{"id":140661},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[46,140664,140666],{"className":48,"code":140665,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140667,140668,140676],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140669,140670,140672,140674],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140671,34829],{"class":61},[55,140673,66],{"class":65},[55,140675,8042],{"class":247},[55,140677,140678,140680,140682,140684,140686,140688],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,140679,121],{"class":120},[55,140681,103],{"class":69},[55,140683,34850],{"class":99},[55,140685,44],{"class":69},[55,140687,34610],{"class":99},[55,140689,7354],{"class":69},[20,140691,302],{},[46,140693,140694],{"className":48,"code":38437,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,140695,140696],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140697,140698],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140699,38437],{"class":69},[577,140701,140703],{"id":140702},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[46,140705,140707],{"className":48,"code":140706,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140708,140709,140717],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140710,140711,140713,140715],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140712,34829],{"class":61},[55,140714,66],{"class":65},[55,140716,8042],{"class":247},[55,140718,140719,140721,140723,140725,140727,140729,140731,140733,140735,140737],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,140720,121],{"class":120},[55,140722,103],{"class":69},[55,140724,34850],{"class":99},[55,140726,44],{"class":69},[55,140728,34610],{"class":99},[55,140730,103],{"class":69},[55,140732,248],{"class":247},[55,140734,77],{"class":251},[55,140736,248],{"class":247},[55,140738,1867],{"class":69},[20,140740,302],{},[46,140742,140744],{"className":48,"code":140743,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['']\n",[15,140745,140746],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140747,140748,140750,140752],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140749,312],{"class":69},[55,140751,3937],{"class":247},[55,140753,88],{"class":69},[577,140755,140757],{"id":140756},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140759,140760],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[46,140762,140764],{"className":48,"code":140763,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140765,140766,140778],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140767,140768,140770,140772,140774,140776],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140769,34829],{"class":61},[55,140771,66],{"class":65},[55,140773,258],{"class":247},[55,140775,4009],{"class":251},[55,140777,3522],{"class":247},[55,140779,140780,140782,140784,140786,140788,140790,140792,140794,140796,140798],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,140781,121],{"class":120},[55,140783,103],{"class":69},[55,140785,34850],{"class":99},[55,140787,44],{"class":69},[55,140789,34610],{"class":99},[55,140791,103],{"class":69},[55,140793,248],{"class":247},[55,140795,77],{"class":251},[55,140797,248],{"class":247},[55,140799,1867],{"class":69},[20,140801,302],{},[46,140803,140805],{"className":48,"code":140804,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['hello']\n",[15,140806,140807],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140808,140809,140811,140813,140815,140817],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140810,312],{"class":69},[55,140812,315],{"class":247},[55,140814,4009],{"class":251},[55,140816,315],{"class":247},[55,140818,88],{"class":69},[142,140820,1937,140822],{"id":140821},"when-to-use-split",[15,140823,60655],{},[20,140825,31,140826,140828],{},[15,140827,60655],{}," when you need to:",[155,140830,140831,140834,140837],{},[158,140832,140833],{},"split a sentence into words",[158,140835,140836],{},"split comma-separated values",[158,140838,140839],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140841,140842],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[155,140844,140845,140848,140851],{},[158,140846,140847],{},"cleaning text",[158,140849,140850],{},"parsing user input",[158,140852,140853],{},"processing simple file content",[142,140855,2992],{"id":2991},[20,140857,84222],{},[155,140859,140860,140864,140870,140873,140881],{},[158,140861,50650,140862,131557],{},[15,140863,60655],{},[158,140865,140866,140867,140869],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140868,60655],{}," returns a list, not a string",[158,140871,140872],{},"using the wrong separator",[158,140874,140875,140876,140878,140879],{},"assuming ",[15,140877,139815],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140880,60655],{},[158,140882,140883],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140885,140886],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[46,140888,140890],{"className":48,"code":140889,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140891,140892,140904,140922,140926],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140893,140894,140896,140898,140900,140902],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140895,34829],{"class":61},[55,140897,66],{"class":65},[55,140899,258],{"class":247},[55,140901,42972],{"class":251},[55,140903,3522],{"class":247},[55,140905,140906,140908,140910,140912,140914,140916,140918,140920],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,140907,34850],{"class":61},[55,140909,44],{"class":69},[55,140911,34610],{"class":99},[55,140913,103],{"class":69},[55,140915,248],{"class":247},[55,140917,77],{"class":251},[55,140919,248],{"class":247},[55,140921,114],{"class":69},[55,140923,140924],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,140925,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,140927,140928,140930,140932,140934],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,140929,121],{"class":120},[55,140931,103],{"class":69},[55,140933,34850],{"class":99},[55,140935,114],{"class":69},[20,140937,302],{},[46,140939,140941],{"className":48,"code":140940,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a,b,c\n",[15,140942,140943],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140944,140945,140947,140949,140951,140953],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140946,36],{"class":61},[55,140948,77],{"class":69},[55,140950,285],{"class":61},[55,140952,77],{"class":69},[55,140954,69228],{"class":61},[20,140956,140957],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140959,10967],{},[46,140961,140962],{"className":48,"code":42959,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,140963,140964,140976,140998,141002],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140965,140966,140968,140970,140972,140974],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140967,34829],{"class":61},[55,140969,66],{"class":65},[55,140971,258],{"class":247},[55,140973,42972],{"class":251},[55,140975,3522],{"class":247},[55,140977,140978,140980,140982,140984,140986,140988,140990,140992,140994,140996],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,140979,42979],{"class":61},[55,140981,66],{"class":65},[55,140983,42984],{"class":61},[55,140985,44],{"class":69},[55,140987,34610],{"class":99},[55,140989,103],{"class":69},[55,140991,248],{"class":247},[55,140993,77],{"class":251},[55,140995,248],{"class":247},[55,140997,114],{"class":69},[55,140999,141000],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,141001,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,141003,141004,141006,141008,141010],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,141005,121],{"class":120},[55,141007,103],{"class":69},[55,141009,43011],{"class":99},[55,141011,114],{"class":69},[20,141013,302],{},[46,141015,141016],{"className":48,"code":305,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,141017,141018],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141019,141020,141022,141024,141026,141028,141030,141032,141034,141036,141038,141040,141042,141044],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141021,312],{"class":69},[55,141023,315],{"class":247},[55,141025,36],{"class":251},[55,141027,315],{"class":247},[55,141029,77],{"class":69},[55,141031,324],{"class":247},[55,141033,285],{"class":251},[55,141035,315],{"class":247},[55,141037,77],{"class":69},[55,141039,324],{"class":247},[55,141041,261],{"class":251},[55,141043,315],{"class":247},[55,141045,88],{"class":69},[20,141047,141048],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[46,141050,141052],{"className":48,"code":141051,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141053,141054,141067,141089,141093],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141055,141056,141058,141060,141062,141065],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141057,34829],{"class":61},[55,141059,66],{"class":65},[55,141061,258],{"class":247},[55,141063,141064],{"class":251},"apple,banana",[55,141066,3522],{"class":247},[55,141068,141069,141071,141073,141075,141077,141079,141081,141083,141085,141087],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,141070,42979],{"class":61},[55,141072,66],{"class":65},[55,141074,42984],{"class":61},[55,141076,44],{"class":69},[55,141078,34610],{"class":99},[55,141080,103],{"class":69},[55,141082,248],{"class":247},[55,141084,77],{"class":251},[55,141086,248],{"class":247},[55,141088,114],{"class":69},[55,141090,141091],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,141092,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,141094,141095,141097,141099,141101,141103,141105],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,141096,121],{"class":120},[55,141098,103],{"class":69},[55,141100,43011],{"class":99},[55,141102,312],{"class":69},[55,141104,106],{"class":73},[55,141106,1777],{"class":69},[20,141108,141109,141110,44],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[36,141111,69241],{"href":69240},[577,141113,60834],{"id":60833},[20,141115,1833,141116,141118],{},[15,141117,60655],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[46,141120,141122],{"className":48,"code":141121,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141123,141124,141134,141148,141170,141196],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141125,141126,141128,141130,141132],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141127,121],{"class":120},[55,141129,103],{"class":69},[55,141131,34850],{"class":99},[55,141133,114],{"class":69},[55,141135,141136,141138,141140,141142,141144,141146],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,141137,121],{"class":120},[55,141139,103],{"class":69},[55,141141,34850],{"class":99},[55,141143,44],{"class":69},[55,141145,34610],{"class":99},[55,141147,7354],{"class":69},[55,141149,141150,141152,141154,141156,141158,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,141151,121],{"class":120},[55,141153,103],{"class":69},[55,141155,34850],{"class":99},[55,141157,44],{"class":69},[55,141159,34610],{"class":99},[55,141161,103],{"class":69},[55,141163,315],{"class":247},[55,141165,77],{"class":251},[55,141167,315],{"class":247},[55,141169,1867],{"class":69},[55,141171,141172,141174,141176,141178,141180,141182,141184,141186,141188,141190,141192,141194],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,141173,121],{"class":120},[55,141175,103],{"class":69},[55,141177,1860],{"class":120},[55,141179,103],{"class":69},[55,141181,34850],{"class":99},[55,141183,44],{"class":69},[55,141185,34610],{"class":99},[55,141187,103],{"class":69},[55,141189,315],{"class":247},[55,141191,77],{"class":251},[55,141193,315],{"class":247},[55,141195,3075],{"class":69},[55,141197,141198,141200,141202,141204,141206,141208,141210,141212,141214,141216,141218,141220],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,141199,121],{"class":120},[55,141201,103],{"class":69},[55,141203,1910],{"class":1898},[55,141205,103],{"class":69},[55,141207,34850],{"class":99},[55,141209,44],{"class":69},[55,141211,34610],{"class":99},[55,141213,103],{"class":69},[55,141215,315],{"class":247},[55,141217,77],{"class":251},[55,141219,315],{"class":247},[55,141221,3075],{"class":69},[20,141223,11330],{},[155,141225,141226,141229,141232,141235],{},[158,141227,141228],{},"what the original string looks like",[158,141230,141231],{},"which separator works",[158,141233,141234],{},"how many items were created",[158,141236,141237],{},"that the result is a list",[142,141239,1986],{"id":1985},[577,141241,2022,141243,352,141245,2027],{"id":141242},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141244,60655],{},[15,141246,139815],{},[20,141248,141249,141251],{},[15,141250,60655],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141253,141254,141256],{},[15,141255,139815],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[577,141258,1990,141260,124664],{"id":141259},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141261,60655],{},[20,141263,141264,141265,56605],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141266,60655],{},[577,141268,5303,141270,40101],{"id":141269},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141271,139592],{},[20,141273,141274],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[577,141276,141278],{"id":141277},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141280,29206,141281,141283],{},[15,141282,60655],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[142,141285,2039],{"id":2038},[155,141287,141288,141292,141298,141304,141308],{},[158,141289,141290],{},[36,141291,129942],{"href":129020},[158,141293,141294],{},[36,141295,126337,141296,43],{"href":140554},[15,141297,133419],{},[158,141299,141300],{},[36,141301,126337,141302,43],{"href":136907},[15,141303,41795],{},[158,141305,141306],{},[36,141307,125092],{"href":51120},[158,141309,141310],{},[36,141311,69241],{"href":69240},[2080,141313,141314],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":141316},[141317,141318,141320,141321,141326,141327,141329,141331,141336,141338,141341,141350],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":139422,"depth":91,"text":141319},"What split() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":139670,"depth":91,"text":141322,"children":141323},"Using split() with no separator",[141324],{"id":139810,"depth":117,"text":141325},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139973,"depth":91,"text":139974},{"id":140183,"depth":91,"text":141328},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140384,"depth":91,"text":141330},"What split() returns",{"id":140654,"depth":91,"text":140655,"children":141332},[141333,141334,141335],{"id":140661,"depth":117,"text":140662},{"id":140702,"depth":117,"text":140703},{"id":140756,"depth":117,"text":140757},{"id":140821,"depth":91,"text":141337},"When to use split()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":141339},[141340],{"id":60833,"depth":117,"text":60834},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":141342},[141343,141345,141347,141349],{"id":141242,"depth":117,"text":141344},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141259,"depth":117,"text":141346},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141269,"depth":117,"text":141348},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141277,"depth":117,"text":141278},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139331,"description":141351},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141358,"title":141359,"body":141360,"description":143303,"extension":2124,"meta":143304,"navigation":428,"path":143305,"seo":143306,"stem":143307,"__hash__":143308},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141361,"toc":143262},[141362,141367,141372,141379,141452,141457,141462,141467,141483,141485,141555,141557,141559,141579,141581,141626,141631,141633,141731,141736,141740,141745,141749,141752,141794,141798,141801,141846,141850,141853,141903,141907,141912,141964,141966,141971,141982,141987,142067,142069,142081,142090,142097,142112,142114,142229,142235,142239,142242,142247,142389,142392,142399,142401,142405,142413,142482,142488,142537,142542,142547,142549,142569,142571,142637,142639,142643,142646,142650,142691,142693,142726,142731,142734,142761,142763,142806,142813,142818,142828,142894,142898,142906,142911,142962,142966,142969,142971,142980,142982,143032,143034,143141,143143,143148,143155,143161,143164,143195,143200,143202,143209,143217,143226,143229,143231,143259],[10,141363,123337,141365,18],{"id":141364},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141366,127705],{},[20,141368,123342,141369,141371],{},[15,141370,127705],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141373,126403,141374,3041,141376,141378],{},[15,141375,3769],{},[15,141377,3838],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[46,141380,141382],{"className":48,"code":141381,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141383,141384,141397,141401,141426],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141385,141386,141388,141390,141392,141395],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141387,34829],{"class":61},[55,141389,66],{"class":65},[55,141391,258],{"class":247},[55,141393,141394],{"class":251},"Python Beginner Help",[55,141396,3522],{"class":247},[55,141398,141399],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,141400,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,141402,141403,141405,141407,141409,141411,141414,141416,141418,141420,141422,141424],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,141404,121],{"class":120},[55,141406,103],{"class":69},[55,141408,34850],{"class":99},[55,141410,44],{"class":69},[55,141412,141413],{"class":99},"startswith",[55,141415,103],{"class":69},[55,141417,248],{"class":247},[55,141419,7457],{"class":251},[55,141421,248],{"class":247},[55,141423,5522],{"class":69},[55,141425,43997],{"class":133},[55,141427,141428,141430,141432,141434,141436,141438,141440,141442,141445,141447,141449],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,141429,121],{"class":120},[55,141431,103],{"class":69},[55,141433,34850],{"class":99},[55,141435,44],{"class":69},[55,141437,141413],{"class":99},[55,141439,103],{"class":69},[55,141441,248],{"class":247},[55,141443,141444],{"class":251},"Beginner",[55,141446,248],{"class":247},[55,141448,5522],{"class":69},[55,141450,141451],{"class":133}," # False\n",[20,141453,31,141454,141456],{},[15,141455,127705],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[142,141458,145,141460,148],{"id":141459},"what-startswith-does",[15,141461,127705],{},[20,141463,141464,141466],{},[15,141465,127705],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[155,141468,141469,141472,141478,141480],{},[158,141470,141471],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[158,141473,5309,141474,3041,141476],{},[15,141475,3769],{},[15,141477,3838],{},[158,141479,123480],{},[158,141481,141482],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141484,230],{},[46,141486,141488],{"className":48,"code":141487,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141489,141490,141502,141506,141531],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141491,141492,141494,141496,141498,141500],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141493,8037],{"class":61},[55,141495,66],{"class":65},[55,141497,258],{"class":247},[55,141499,7457],{"class":251},[55,141501,3522],{"class":247},[55,141503,141504],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,141505,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,141507,141508,141510,141512,141514,141516,141518,141520,141522,141525,141527,141529],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,141509,121],{"class":120},[55,141511,103],{"class":69},[55,141513,7829],{"class":99},[55,141515,44],{"class":69},[55,141517,141413],{"class":99},[55,141519,103],{"class":69},[55,141521,248],{"class":247},[55,141523,141524],{"class":251},"Py",[55,141526,248],{"class":247},[55,141528,5522],{"class":69},[55,141530,43997],{"class":133},[55,141532,141533,141535,141537,141539,141541,141543,141545,141547,141549,141551,141553],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,141534,121],{"class":120},[55,141536,103],{"class":69},[55,141538,7829],{"class":99},[55,141540,44],{"class":69},[55,141542,141413],{"class":99},[55,141544,103],{"class":69},[55,141546,248],{"class":247},[55,141548,128783],{"class":251},[55,141550,248],{"class":247},[55,141552,5522],{"class":69},[55,141554,44014],{"class":133},[142,141556,2319],{"id":2318},[20,141558,42527],{},[46,141560,141562],{"className":48,"code":141561,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141563,141564],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141565,141566,141568,141570,141572,141574,141577],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141567,61298],{"class":61},[55,141569,44],{"class":69},[55,141571,141413],{"class":99},[55,141573,103],{"class":69},[55,141575,141576],{"class":99},"prefix",[55,141578,114],{"class":69},[20,141580,30908],{},[46,141582,141584],{"className":48,"code":141583,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141585,141586,141604],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141587,141588,141590,141592,141594,141596,141598,141600,141602],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141589,61298],{"class":61},[55,141591,44],{"class":69},[55,141593,141413],{"class":99},[55,141595,103],{"class":69},[55,141597,141576],{"class":99},[55,141599,77],{"class":69},[55,141601,36192],{"class":99},[55,141603,114],{"class":69},[55,141605,141606,141608,141610,141612,141614,141616,141618,141620,141622,141624],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,141607,61298],{"class":61},[55,141609,44],{"class":69},[55,141611,141413],{"class":99},[55,141613,103],{"class":69},[55,141615,141576],{"class":99},[55,141617,77],{"class":69},[55,141619,36192],{"class":99},[55,141621,77],{"class":69},[55,141623,65165],{"class":99},[55,141625,114],{"class":69},[20,141627,341,141628,141630],{},[15,141629,141576],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141632,230],{},[46,141634,141636],{"className":48,"code":141635,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141637,141638,141650,141654,141679,141703],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141639,141640,141642,141644,141646,141648],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141641,34829],{"class":61},[55,141643,66],{"class":65},[55,141645,258],{"class":247},[55,141647,60530],{"class":251},[55,141649,3522],{"class":247},[55,141651,141652],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,141653,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,141655,141656,141658,141660,141662,141664,141666,141668,141670,141672,141674,141676],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,141657,121],{"class":120},[55,141659,103],{"class":69},[55,141661,34850],{"class":99},[55,141663,44],{"class":69},[55,141665,141413],{"class":99},[55,141667,103],{"class":69},[55,141669,248],{"class":247},[55,141671,4009],{"class":251},[55,141673,248],{"class":247},[55,141675,5522],{"class":69},[55,141677,141678],{"class":133},"      # True\n",[55,141680,141681,141683,141685,141687,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697,141699,141701],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,141682,121],{"class":120},[55,141684,103],{"class":69},[55,141686,34850],{"class":99},[55,141688,44],{"class":69},[55,141690,141413],{"class":99},[55,141692,103],{"class":69},[55,141694,248],{"class":247},[55,141696,60715],{"class":251},[55,141698,248],{"class":247},[55,141700,5522],{"class":69},[55,141702,21347],{"class":133},[55,141704,141705,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719,141721,141723,141725,141727,141729],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,141706,121],{"class":120},[55,141708,103],{"class":69},[55,141710,34850],{"class":99},[55,141712,44],{"class":69},[55,141714,141413],{"class":99},[55,141716,103],{"class":69},[55,141718,248],{"class":247},[55,141720,60715],{"class":251},[55,141722,248],{"class":247},[55,141724,77],{"class":69},[55,141726,37783],{"class":73},[55,141728,5522],{"class":69},[55,141730,43997],{"class":133},[20,141732,141733,141734,44],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[36,141735,125092],{"href":51120},[142,141737,141739],{"id":141738},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141741,141742,141744],{},[15,141743,127705],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[577,141746,141747],{"id":141576},[15,141748,141576],{},[20,141750,141751],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[46,141753,141755],{"className":48,"code":141754,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141756,141757,141769],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141758,141759,141761,141763,141765,141767],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141760,34829],{"class":61},[55,141762,66],{"class":65},[55,141764,258],{"class":247},[55,141766,1072],{"class":251},[55,141768,3522],{"class":247},[55,141770,141771,141773,141775,141777,141779,141781,141783,141785,141788,141790,141792],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,141772,121],{"class":120},[55,141774,103],{"class":69},[55,141776,34850],{"class":99},[55,141778,44],{"class":69},[55,141780,141413],{"class":99},[55,141782,103],{"class":69},[55,141784,248],{"class":247},[55,141786,141787],{"class":251},"ban",[55,141789,248],{"class":247},[55,141791,5522],{"class":69},[55,141793,3828],{"class":133},[577,141795,141796],{"id":36213},[15,141797,36213],{},[20,141799,141800],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[46,141802,141804],{"className":48,"code":141803,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141805,141806,141818],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141807,141808,141810,141812,141814,141816],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141809,34829],{"class":61},[55,141811,66],{"class":65},[55,141813,258],{"class":247},[55,141815,60530],{"class":251},[55,141817,3522],{"class":247},[55,141819,141820,141822,141824,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141836,141838,141840,141842,141844],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,141821,121],{"class":120},[55,141823,103],{"class":69},[55,141825,34850],{"class":99},[55,141827,44],{"class":69},[55,141829,141413],{"class":99},[55,141831,103],{"class":69},[55,141833,248],{"class":247},[55,141835,60715],{"class":251},[55,141837,248],{"class":247},[55,141839,77],{"class":69},[55,141841,37783],{"class":73},[55,141843,5522],{"class":69},[55,141845,3828],{"class":133},[577,141847,141848],{"id":52804},[15,141849,52804],{},[20,141851,141852],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[46,141854,141856],{"className":48,"code":141855,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141857,141858,141870],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141859,141860,141862,141864,141866,141868],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141861,34829],{"class":61},[55,141863,66],{"class":65},[55,141865,258],{"class":247},[55,141867,60530],{"class":251},[55,141869,3522],{"class":247},[55,141871,141872,141874,141876,141878,141880,141882,141884,141886,141889,141891,141893,141895,141897,141899,141901],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,141873,121],{"class":120},[55,141875,103],{"class":69},[55,141877,34850],{"class":99},[55,141879,44],{"class":69},[55,141881,141413],{"class":99},[55,141883,103],{"class":69},[55,141885,248],{"class":247},[55,141887,141888],{"class":251},"wor",[55,141890,248],{"class":247},[55,141892,77],{"class":69},[55,141894,37783],{"class":73},[55,141896,77],{"class":69},[55,141898,54271],{"class":73},[55,141900,5522],{"class":69},[55,141902,3828],{"class":133},[577,141904,141906],{"id":141905},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141908,141909,141911],{},[15,141910,141576],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[46,141913,141915],{"className":48,"code":141914,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141916,141917,141930],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141918,141919,141921,141923,141925,141928],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141920,126420],{"class":61},[55,141922,66],{"class":65},[55,141924,258],{"class":247},[55,141926,141927],{"class":251},"img_001.png",[55,141929,3522],{"class":247},[55,141931,141932,141934,141936,141938,141940,141942,141944,141946,141949,141951,141953,141955,141958,141960,141962],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,141933,121],{"class":120},[55,141935,103],{"class":69},[55,141937,126438],{"class":99},[55,141939,44],{"class":69},[55,141941,141413],{"class":99},[55,141943,5669],{"class":69},[55,141945,248],{"class":247},[55,141947,141948],{"class":251},"img_",[55,141950,248],{"class":247},[55,141952,77],{"class":69},[55,141954,258],{"class":247},[55,141956,141957],{"class":251},"photo_",[55,141959,248],{"class":247},[55,141961,51235],{"class":69},[55,141963,3828],{"class":133},[142,141965,17569],{"id":17568},[20,141967,141968,141970],{},[15,141969,127705],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[155,141972,141973,141978],{},[158,141974,141975,141977],{},[15,141976,3769],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[158,141979,141980,127022],{},[15,141981,3838],{},[20,141983,141984,141985,7332],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141986,7157],{},[46,141988,141990],{"className":48,"code":141989,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141991,141992,142006,142010,142031,142046,142052],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141993,141994,141997,141999,142001,142004],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141995,141996],{"class":61},"command ",[55,141998,66],{"class":65},[55,142000,258],{"class":247},[55,142002,142003],{"class":251},"\u002Fhelp",[55,142005,3522],{"class":247},[55,142007,142008],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,142009,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,142011,142012,142014,142017,142019,142021,142023,142025,142027,142029],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,142013,7157],{"class":4040},[55,142015,142016],{"class":61}," command",[55,142018,44],{"class":69},[55,142020,141413],{"class":99},[55,142022,103],{"class":69},[55,142024,248],{"class":247},[55,142026,127229],{"class":251},[55,142028,248],{"class":247},[55,142030,8502],{"class":69},[55,142032,142033,142035,142037,142039,142042,142044],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,142034,8230],{"class":120},[55,142036,103],{"class":69},[55,142038,248],{"class":247},[55,142040,142041],{"class":251},"This looks like a command.",[55,142043,248],{"class":247},[55,142045,114],{"class":69},[55,142047,142048,142050],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,142049,27578],{"class":4040},[55,142051,6552],{"class":69},[55,142053,142054,142056,142058,142060,142063,142065],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,142055,8230],{"class":120},[55,142057,103],{"class":69},[55,142059,248],{"class":247},[55,142061,142062],{"class":251},"This is normal text.",[55,142064,248],{"class":247},[55,142066,114],{"class":69},[20,142068,302],{},[46,142070,142072],{"className":48,"code":142071,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142073,142074],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142075,142076,142079],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142077,142078],{"class":61},"This looks like a command",[55,142080,122369],{"class":69},[142,142082,8578,142084,8866,142086,352,142088],{"id":142083},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142085,127705],{},[15,142087,36213],{},[15,142089,52804],{},[20,142091,568,142092,352,142094,142096],{},[15,142093,36213],{},[15,142095,52804],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[155,142098,142099,142104,142109],{},[158,142100,142101,142103],{},[15,142102,36213],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[158,142105,142106,142108],{},[15,142107,52804],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[158,142110,142111],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142113,230],{},[46,142115,142117],{"className":48,"code":142116,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142118,142119,142131,142135,142164,142197],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142120,142121,142123,142125,142127,142129],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142122,34829],{"class":61},[55,142124,66],{"class":65},[55,142126,258],{"class":247},[55,142128,139616],{"class":251},[55,142130,3522],{"class":247},[55,142132,142133],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,142134,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,142136,142137,142139,142141,142143,142145,142147,142149,142151,142153,142155,142157,142159,142161],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,142138,121],{"class":120},[55,142140,103],{"class":69},[55,142142,34850],{"class":99},[55,142144,44],{"class":69},[55,142146,141413],{"class":99},[55,142148,103],{"class":69},[55,142150,248],{"class":247},[55,142152,79253],{"class":251},[55,142154,248],{"class":247},[55,142156,77],{"class":69},[55,142158,85],{"class":73},[55,142160,5522],{"class":69},[55,142162,142163],{"class":133},"        # True\n",[55,142165,142166,142168,142170,142172,142174,142176,142178,142180,142182,142184,142186,142188,142190,142193,142195],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,142167,121],{"class":120},[55,142169,103],{"class":69},[55,142171,34850],{"class":99},[55,142173,44],{"class":69},[55,142175,141413],{"class":99},[55,142177,103],{"class":69},[55,142179,248],{"class":247},[55,142181,134223],{"class":251},[55,142183,248],{"class":247},[55,142185,77],{"class":69},[55,142187,6518],{"class":73},[55,142189,77],{"class":69},[55,142191,142192],{"class":73}," 13",[55,142194,5522],{"class":69},[55,142196,3828],{"class":133},[55,142198,142199,142201,142203,142205,142207,142209,142211,142213,142215,142217,142219,142221,142223,142225,142227],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,142200,121],{"class":120},[55,142202,103],{"class":69},[55,142204,34850],{"class":99},[55,142206,44],{"class":69},[55,142208,141413],{"class":99},[55,142210,103],{"class":69},[55,142212,248],{"class":247},[55,142214,134223],{"class":251},[55,142216,248],{"class":247},[55,142218,77],{"class":69},[55,142220,6518],{"class":73},[55,142222,77],{"class":69},[55,142224,31087],{"class":73},[55,142226,5522],{"class":69},[55,142228,4932],{"class":133},[20,142230,142231,142232,142234],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142233,52804],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[142,142236,142238],{"id":142237},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142240,142241],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142243,142244,142245,49492],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142246,40978],{},[46,142248,142250],{"className":48,"code":142249,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142251,142252,142266,142280,142294,142298,142322,142326,142347,142368],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142253,142254,142257,142259,142261,142264],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142255,142256],{"class":61},"filename1 ",[55,142258,66],{"class":65},[55,142260,258],{"class":247},[55,142262,142263],{"class":251},"img_101.jpg",[55,142265,3522],{"class":247},[55,142267,142268,142271,142273,142275,142278],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,142269,142270],{"class":61},"filename2 ",[55,142272,66],{"class":65},[55,142274,258],{"class":247},[55,142276,142277],{"class":251},"photo_202.jpg",[55,142279,3522],{"class":247},[55,142281,142282,142285,142287,142289,142292],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,142283,142284],{"class":61},"filename3 ",[55,142286,66],{"class":65},[55,142288,258],{"class":247},[55,142290,142291],{"class":251},"doc_303.jpg",[55,142293,3522],{"class":247},[55,142295,142296],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,142297,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,142299,142300,142302,142304,142306,142308,142310,142312,142314,142316,142318,142320],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,142301,127632],{"class":61},[55,142303,66],{"class":65},[55,142305,9398],{"class":69},[55,142307,248],{"class":247},[55,142309,141948],{"class":251},[55,142311,248],{"class":247},[55,142313,77],{"class":69},[55,142315,258],{"class":247},[55,142317,141957],{"class":251},[55,142319,248],{"class":247},[55,142321,114],{"class":69},[55,142323,142324],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,142325,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,142327,142328,142330,142332,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343,142345],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,142329,121],{"class":120},[55,142331,103],{"class":69},[55,142333,142334],{"class":99},"filename1",[55,142336,44],{"class":69},[55,142338,141413],{"class":99},[55,142340,103],{"class":69},[55,142342,127684],{"class":99},[55,142344,5522],{"class":69},[55,142346,3828],{"class":133},[55,142348,142349,142351,142353,142356,142358,142360,142362,142364,142366],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,142350,121],{"class":120},[55,142352,103],{"class":69},[55,142354,142355],{"class":99},"filename2",[55,142357,44],{"class":69},[55,142359,141413],{"class":99},[55,142361,103],{"class":69},[55,142363,127684],{"class":99},[55,142365,5522],{"class":69},[55,142367,3828],{"class":133},[55,142369,142370,142372,142374,142377,142379,142381,142383,142385,142387],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,142371,121],{"class":120},[55,142373,103],{"class":69},[55,142375,142376],{"class":99},"filename3",[55,142378,44],{"class":69},[55,142380,141413],{"class":99},[55,142382,103],{"class":69},[55,142384,127684],{"class":99},[55,142386,5522],{"class":69},[55,142388,4932],{"class":133},[20,142390,142391],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142393,74754,142394,142398],{},[36,142395,126337,142396,43],{"href":129931},[15,142397,126395],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[142,142400,123984],{"id":123983},[20,142402,142403,123795],{},[15,142404,127705],{},[20,142406,127382,142407,352,142410,127389],{},[15,142408,142409],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142411,142412],{},"\"python\"",[46,142414,142416],{"className":48,"code":142415,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142417,142418,142430,142434,142458],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142419,142420,142422,142424,142426,142428],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142421,34829],{"class":61},[55,142423,66],{"class":65},[55,142425,258],{"class":247},[55,142427,7457],{"class":251},[55,142429,3522],{"class":247},[55,142431,142432],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,142433,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,142435,142436,142438,142440,142442,142444,142446,142448,142450,142452,142454,142456],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,142437,121],{"class":120},[55,142439,103],{"class":69},[55,142441,34850],{"class":99},[55,142443,44],{"class":69},[55,142445,141413],{"class":99},[55,142447,103],{"class":69},[55,142449,248],{"class":247},[55,142451,141524],{"class":251},[55,142453,248],{"class":247},[55,142455,5522],{"class":69},[55,142457,3828],{"class":133},[55,142459,142460,142462,142464,142466,142468,142470,142472,142474,142476,142478,142480],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,142461,121],{"class":120},[55,142463,103],{"class":69},[55,142465,34850],{"class":99},[55,142467,44],{"class":69},[55,142469,141413],{"class":99},[55,142471,103],{"class":69},[55,142473,248],{"class":247},[55,142475,128783],{"class":251},[55,142477,248],{"class":247},[55,142479,5522],{"class":69},[55,142481,4932],{"class":133},[20,142483,127474,142484,44],{},[36,142485,142486],{"href":124064},[15,142487,124067],{},[46,142489,142491],{"className":48,"code":142490,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142492,142493,142505,142509],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142494,142495,142497,142499,142501,142503],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142496,34829],{"class":61},[55,142498,66],{"class":65},[55,142500,258],{"class":247},[55,142502,7457],{"class":251},[55,142504,3522],{"class":247},[55,142506,142507],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,142508,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,142510,142511,142513,142515,142517,142519,142521,142523,142525,142527,142529,142531,142533,142535],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,142512,121],{"class":120},[55,142514,103],{"class":69},[55,142516,34850],{"class":99},[55,142518,44],{"class":69},[55,142520,8801],{"class":99},[55,142522,8798],{"class":69},[55,142524,141413],{"class":99},[55,142526,103],{"class":69},[55,142528,248],{"class":247},[55,142530,128783],{"class":251},[55,142532,248],{"class":247},[55,142534,5522],{"class":69},[55,142536,3828],{"class":133},[142,142538,1937,142540],{"id":142539},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142541,127705],{},[20,142543,142544,142546],{},[15,142545,127705],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142548,9536],{},[155,142550,142551,142554,142557,142566],{},[158,142552,142553],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[158,142555,142556],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[158,142558,142559,142560,3041,142563],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142561,142562],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142564,142565],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[158,142567,142568],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142570,230],{},[46,142572,142574],{"className":48,"code":142573,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142575,142576,142589,142593,142622],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142577,142578,142580,142582,142584,142587],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142579,127200],{"class":61},[55,142581,66],{"class":65},[55,142583,258],{"class":247},[55,142585,142586],{"class":251},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[55,142588,3522],{"class":247},[55,142590,142591],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,142592,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,142594,142595,142597,142600,142602,142604,142606,142608,142610,142612,142614,142616,142618,142620],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,142596,7157],{"class":4040},[55,142598,142599],{"class":61}," url",[55,142601,44],{"class":69},[55,142603,141413],{"class":99},[55,142605,5669],{"class":69},[55,142607,248],{"class":247},[55,142609,142562],{"class":251},[55,142611,248],{"class":247},[55,142613,77],{"class":69},[55,142615,258],{"class":247},[55,142617,142565],{"class":251},[55,142619,248],{"class":247},[55,142621,69545],{"class":69},[55,142623,142624,142626,142628,142630,142633,142635],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,142625,8230],{"class":120},[55,142627,103],{"class":69},[55,142629,248],{"class":247},[55,142631,142632],{"class":251},"This looks like a web URL.",[55,142634,248],{"class":247},[55,142636,114],{"class":69},[142,142638,2992],{"id":2991},[20,142640,23240,142641,44],{},[15,142642,127705],{},[577,142644,138777],{"id":142645},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142647,142648,123795],{},[15,142649,127705],{},[46,142651,142653],{"className":48,"code":142652,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142654,142655,142667],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142656,142657,142659,142661,142663,142665],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142658,34829],{"class":61},[55,142660,66],{"class":65},[55,142662,258],{"class":247},[55,142664,7457],{"class":251},[55,142666,3522],{"class":247},[55,142668,142669,142671,142673,142675,142677,142679,142681,142683,142685,142687,142689],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,142670,121],{"class":120},[55,142672,103],{"class":69},[55,142674,34850],{"class":99},[55,142676,44],{"class":69},[55,142678,141413],{"class":99},[55,142680,103],{"class":69},[55,142682,248],{"class":247},[55,142684,50],{"class":251},[55,142686,248],{"class":247},[55,142688,5522],{"class":69},[55,142690,4932],{"class":133},[20,142692,39402],{},[46,142694,142696],{"className":48,"code":142695,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142697,142698],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142699,142700,142702,142704,142706,142708,142710,142712,142714,142716,142718,142720,142722,142724],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142701,121],{"class":120},[55,142703,103],{"class":69},[55,142705,34850],{"class":99},[55,142707,44],{"class":69},[55,142709,8801],{"class":99},[55,142711,8798],{"class":69},[55,142713,141413],{"class":99},[55,142715,103],{"class":69},[55,142717,248],{"class":247},[55,142719,50],{"class":251},[55,142721,248],{"class":247},[55,142723,5522],{"class":69},[55,142725,3828],{"class":133},[577,142727,29794,142729,137259],{"id":142728},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142730,127705],{},[20,142732,142733],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[46,142735,142737],{"className":48,"code":142736,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142738,142739,142747,142751,142756],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142740,142741,142743,142745],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142742,2608],{"class":61},[55,142744,66],{"class":65},[55,142746,125019],{"class":73},[55,142748,142749],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,142750,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,142752,142753],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,142754,142755],{"class":133},"# This will cause an error:\n",[55,142757,142758],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,142759,142760],{"class":133},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142762,39402],{},[46,142764,142766],{"className":48,"code":142765,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142767,142768,142782],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142769,142770,142772,142774,142776,142778,142780],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142771,2608],{"class":61},[55,142773,66],{"class":65},[55,142775,49048],{"class":1898},[55,142777,103],{"class":69},[55,142779,50390],{"class":73},[55,142781,114],{"class":69},[55,142783,142784,142786,142788,142790,142792,142794,142796,142798,142800,142802,142804],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,142785,121],{"class":120},[55,142787,103],{"class":69},[55,142789,2633],{"class":99},[55,142791,44],{"class":69},[55,142793,141413],{"class":99},[55,142795,103],{"class":69},[55,142797,248],{"class":247},[55,142799,74],{"class":251},[55,142801,248],{"class":247},[55,142803,5522],{"class":69},[55,142805,3828],{"class":133},[577,142807,37343,142809,8866,142811],{"id":142808},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142810,127705],{},[15,142812,4047],{},[20,142814,142815,142817],{},[15,142816,127705],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142819,142820,142821,142823,142824,44],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142822,4047],{}," or methods like ",[36,142825,142826],{"href":124347},[15,142827,124332],{},[46,142829,142831],{"className":48,"code":142830,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142832,142833,142845,142849,142873],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142834,142835,142837,142839,142841,142843],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142836,34829],{"class":61},[55,142838,66],{"class":65},[55,142840,258],{"class":247},[55,142842,60530],{"class":251},[55,142844,3522],{"class":247},[55,142846,142847],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,142848,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,142850,142851,142853,142855,142857,142859,142861,142863,142865,142867,142869,142871],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,142852,121],{"class":120},[55,142854,103],{"class":69},[55,142856,34850],{"class":99},[55,142858,44],{"class":69},[55,142860,141413],{"class":99},[55,142862,103],{"class":69},[55,142864,248],{"class":247},[55,142866,60715],{"class":251},[55,142868,248],{"class":247},[55,142870,5522],{"class":69},[55,142872,4932],{"class":133},[55,142874,142875,142877,142879,142881,142883,142885,142887,142889,142891],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,142876,121],{"class":120},[55,142878,103],{"class":69},[55,142880,248],{"class":247},[55,142882,60715],{"class":251},[55,142884,248],{"class":247},[55,142886,21320],{"class":4040},[55,142888,42984],{"class":99},[55,142890,3825],{"class":69},[55,142892,142893],{"class":133},"           # True\n",[20,142895,135811,142896,44],{},[36,142897,127373],{"href":123592},[577,142899,4865,142901,352,142903,142905],{"id":142900},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142902,36213],{},[15,142904,52804],{}," use index positions",[20,142907,142908,142909,44],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142910,227],{},[46,142912,142914],{"className":48,"code":142913,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142915,142916,142929,142933],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142917,142918,142920,142922,142924,142927],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142919,34829],{"class":61},[55,142921,66],{"class":65},[55,142923,258],{"class":247},[55,142925,142926],{"class":251},"abcdef",[55,142928,3522],{"class":247},[55,142930,142931],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,142932,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,142934,142935,142937,142939,142941,142943,142945,142947,142949,142952,142954,142956,142958,142960],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,142936,121],{"class":120},[55,142938,103],{"class":69},[55,142940,34850],{"class":99},[55,142942,44],{"class":69},[55,142944,141413],{"class":99},[55,142946,103],{"class":69},[55,142948,248],{"class":247},[55,142950,142951],{"class":251},"cd",[55,142953,248],{"class":247},[55,142955,77],{"class":69},[55,142957,80],{"class":73},[55,142959,5522],{"class":69},[55,142961,3828],{"class":133},[577,142963,142965],{"id":142964},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142967,142968],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142970,1343],{},[46,142972,142974],{"className":48,"code":142973,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142975,142976],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142977,142978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142979,142973],{"class":133},[20,142981,16805],{},[46,142983,142985],{"className":48,"code":142984,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142986,142987,142999],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142988,142989,142991,142993,142995,142997],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142990,34829],{"class":61},[55,142992,66],{"class":65},[55,142994,258],{"class":247},[55,142996,7457],{"class":251},[55,142998,3522],{"class":247},[55,143000,143001,143003,143005,143007,143009,143011,143013,143015,143017,143019,143021,143023,143026,143028,143030],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,143002,121],{"class":120},[55,143004,103],{"class":69},[55,143006,34850],{"class":99},[55,143008,44],{"class":69},[55,143010,141413],{"class":99},[55,143012,5669],{"class":69},[55,143014,248],{"class":247},[55,143016,141524],{"class":251},[55,143018,248],{"class":247},[55,143020,77],{"class":69},[55,143022,258],{"class":247},[55,143024,143025],{"class":251},"Ja",[55,143027,248],{"class":247},[55,143029,51235],{"class":69},[55,143031,3828],{"class":133},[20,143033,32227],{},[46,143035,143037],{"className":48,"code":143036,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143038,143039,143049,143063,143085,143111],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143040,143041,143043,143045,143047],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143042,121],{"class":120},[55,143044,103],{"class":69},[55,143046,34850],{"class":99},[55,143048,114],{"class":69},[55,143050,143051,143053,143055,143057,143059,143061],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,143052,121],{"class":120},[55,143054,103],{"class":69},[55,143056,1910],{"class":1898},[55,143058,103],{"class":69},[55,143060,34850],{"class":99},[55,143062,1867],{"class":69},[55,143064,143065,143067,143069,143071,143073,143075,143077,143079,143081,143083],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,143066,121],{"class":120},[55,143068,103],{"class":69},[55,143070,34850],{"class":99},[55,143072,44],{"class":69},[55,143074,141413],{"class":99},[55,143076,103],{"class":69},[55,143078,248],{"class":247},[55,143080,141524],{"class":251},[55,143082,248],{"class":247},[55,143084,1867],{"class":69},[55,143086,143087,143089,143091,143093,143095,143097,143099,143101,143103,143105,143107,143109],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,143088,121],{"class":120},[55,143090,103],{"class":69},[55,143092,34850],{"class":99},[55,143094,44],{"class":69},[55,143096,8801],{"class":99},[55,143098,8798],{"class":69},[55,143100,141413],{"class":99},[55,143102,103],{"class":69},[55,143104,248],{"class":247},[55,143106,128783],{"class":251},[55,143108,248],{"class":247},[55,143110,1867],{"class":69},[55,143112,143113,143115,143117,143119,143121,143123,143125,143127,143129,143131,143133,143135,143137,143139],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,143114,121],{"class":120},[55,143116,103],{"class":69},[55,143118,34850],{"class":99},[55,143120,44],{"class":69},[55,143122,141413],{"class":99},[55,143124,5669],{"class":69},[55,143126,248],{"class":247},[55,143128,141524],{"class":251},[55,143130,248],{"class":247},[55,143132,77],{"class":69},[55,143134,258],{"class":247},[55,143136,143025],{"class":251},[55,143138,248],{"class":247},[55,143140,3075],{"class":69},[142,143142,1986],{"id":1985},[577,143144,1990,143146,128183],{"id":143145},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143147,127705],{},[20,143149,143150,143151,3041,143153,44],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143152,3769],{},[15,143154,3838],{},[577,143156,2009,143158,143160],{"id":143157},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143159,127705],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143162,143163],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[46,143165,143167],{"className":48,"code":143166,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143168,143169],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143170,143171,143173,143175,143177,143179,143181,143183,143185,143187,143189,143191,143193],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143172,34850],{"class":61},[55,143174,44],{"class":69},[55,143176,141413],{"class":99},[55,143178,5669],{"class":69},[55,143180,248],{"class":247},[55,143182,36],{"class":251},[55,143184,248],{"class":247},[55,143186,77],{"class":69},[55,143188,258],{"class":247},[55,143190,285],{"class":251},[55,143192,248],{"class":247},[55,143194,1867],{"class":69},[577,143196,15052,143198,124673],{"id":143197},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143199,127705],{},[20,143201,129866],{},[577,143203,2022,143205,352,143207,2027],{"id":143204},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143206,127705],{},[15,143208,4047],{},[20,143210,143211,143213,143214,143216],{},[15,143212,127705],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143215,4047],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[577,143218,28473,143220,352,143222,8866,143224,2027],{"id":143219},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143221,36213],{},[15,143223,52804],{},[15,143225,127705],{},[20,143227,143228],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[142,143230,2039],{"id":2038},[155,143232,143233,143239,143245,143251,143255],{},[158,143234,143235],{},[36,143236,126337,143237,43],{"href":129931},[15,143238,126395],{},[158,143240,143241],{},[36,143242,126337,143243,43],{"href":124347},[15,143244,124332],{},[158,143246,143247],{},[36,143248,126337,143249,43],{"href":124064},[15,143250,124067],{},[158,143252,143253],{},[36,143254,124736],{"href":123592},[158,143256,143257],{},[36,143258,125092],{"href":51120},[2080,143260,143261],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":143263},[143264,143266,143267,143273,143274,143276,143277,143278,143280,143290,143302],{"id":141459,"depth":91,"text":143265},"What startswith() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":141738,"depth":91,"text":141739,"children":143268},[143269,143270,143271,143272],{"id":141576,"depth":117,"text":141576},{"id":36213,"depth":117,"text":36213},{"id":52804,"depth":117,"text":52804},{"id":141905,"depth":117,"text":141906},{"id":17568,"depth":91,"text":17569},{"id":142083,"depth":91,"text":143275},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142237,"depth":91,"text":142238},{"id":123983,"depth":91,"text":123984},{"id":142539,"depth":91,"text":143279},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":143281},[143282,143283,143285,143287,143289],{"id":142645,"depth":117,"text":138777},{"id":142728,"depth":117,"text":143284},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142808,"depth":117,"text":143286},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142900,"depth":117,"text":143288},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142964,"depth":117,"text":142965},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":143291},[143292,143294,143296,143298,143300],{"id":143145,"depth":117,"text":143293},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143157,"depth":117,"text":143295},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143197,"depth":117,"text":143297},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143204,"depth":117,"text":143299},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143219,"depth":117,"text":143301},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141359,"description":143303},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143310,"title":143311,"body":143312,"description":144766,"extension":2124,"meta":144767,"navigation":428,"path":144768,"seo":144769,"stem":144770,"__hash__":144771},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143313,"toc":144736},[143314,143319,143324,143327,143329,143373,143375,143383,143388,143393,143398,143400,143418,143420,143466,143468,143482,143491,143495,143497,143499,143511,143516,143519,143551,143553,143562,143567,143570,143611,143613,143621,143623,143636,143642,143646,143649,143665,143667,143716,143718,143727,143730,143789,143791,143800,143807,143810,143863,143865,143889,143896,143902,143906,143912,143915,143926,143928,143968,143970,143978,143980,144020,144022,144031,144033,144051,144054,144061,144072,144075,144092,144094,144171,144173,144204,144207,144209,144212,144238,144240,144280,144282,144291,144301,144309,144317,144322,144327,144329,144343,144345,144396,144398,144407,144417,144419,144421,144443,144446,144525,144527,144563,144566,144641,144646,144648,144654,144659,144664,144667,144673,144676,144683,144691,144695,144703,144705,144733],[10,143315,123337,143317,18],{"id":143316},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143318,41795],{},[20,143320,32461,143321,143323],{},[15,143322,41795],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143325,143326],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[142,143328,3774],{"id":3773},[46,143330,143332],{"className":48,"code":143331,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143333,143334,143347,143362],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143335,143336,143338,143340,143342,143345],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143337,34829],{"class":61},[55,143339,66],{"class":65},[55,143341,258],{"class":247},[55,143343,143344],{"class":251},"  hello  ",[55,143346,3522],{"class":247},[55,143348,143349,143352,143354,143356,143358,143360],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,143350,143351],{"class":61},"clean_text ",[55,143353,66],{"class":65},[55,143355,42984],{"class":61},[55,143357,44],{"class":69},[55,143359,8795],{"class":99},[55,143361,8804],{"class":69},[55,143363,143364,143366,143368,143371],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,143365,121],{"class":120},[55,143367,103],{"class":69},[55,143369,143370],{"class":99},"clean_text",[55,143372,114],{"class":69},[20,143374,302],{},[46,143376,143377],{"className":48,"code":138652,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,143378,143379],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143380,143381],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143382,138652],{"class":61},[20,143384,31,143385,143387],{},[15,143386,41795],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[142,143389,145,143391,148],{"id":143390},"what-strip-does",[15,143392,41795],{},[20,143394,143395,143397],{},[15,143396,41795],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143399,13208],{},[155,143401,143402,143406,143409,143412,143415],{},[158,143403,143404,131687],{},[15,143405,41795],{},[158,143407,143408],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[158,143410,143411],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[158,143413,143414],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[158,143416,143417],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143419,230],{},[46,143421,143423],{"className":48,"code":143422,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143424,143425,143438,143442,143456],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143426,143427,143429,143431,143433,143436],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143428,34829],{"class":61},[55,143430,66],{"class":65},[55,143432,258],{"class":247},[55,143434,143435],{"class":251},"  hello world  ",[55,143437,3522],{"class":247},[55,143439,143440],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,143441,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,143443,143444,143446,143448,143450,143452,143454],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,143445,121],{"class":120},[55,143447,103],{"class":69},[55,143449,34850],{"class":99},[55,143451,44],{"class":69},[55,143453,8795],{"class":99},[55,143455,7354],{"class":69},[55,143457,143458,143460,143462,143464],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,143459,121],{"class":120},[55,143461,103],{"class":69},[55,143463,34850],{"class":99},[55,143465,114],{"class":69},[20,143467,302],{},[46,143469,143471],{"className":48,"code":143470,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143472,143473,143477],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143474,143475],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143476,134353],{"class":61},[55,143478,143479],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,143480,143481],{"class":61},"  hello world\n",[20,143483,143484,143485,143487,143488,143490],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143486,41795],{},", but the original ",[15,143489,34850],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143492,125089,143493,44],{},[36,143494,125092],{"href":51120},[142,143496,2319],{"id":2318},[20,143498,26631],{},[155,143500,143501,143506],{},[158,143502,143503],{},[15,143504,143505],{},"string.strip()",[158,143507,143508],{},[15,143509,143510],{},"string.strip(chars)",[577,143512,143514],{"id":143513},"stringstrip",[15,143515,143505],{},[20,143517,143518],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[46,143520,143522],{"className":48,"code":143521,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143523,143524,143537],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143525,143526,143528,143530,143532,143535],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143527,8037],{"class":61},[55,143529,66],{"class":65},[55,143531,258],{"class":247},[55,143533,143534],{"class":251},"  Alice  ",[55,143536,3522],{"class":247},[55,143538,143539,143541,143543,143545,143547,143549],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,143540,121],{"class":120},[55,143542,103],{"class":69},[55,143544,7829],{"class":99},[55,143546,44],{"class":69},[55,143548,8795],{"class":99},[55,143550,7354],{"class":69},[20,143552,302],{},[46,143554,143556],{"className":48,"code":143555,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Alice\n",[15,143557,143558],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143559,143560],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143561,143555],{"class":61},[577,143563,143565],{"id":143564},"stringstripchars",[15,143566,143510],{},[20,143568,143569],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[46,143571,143573],{"className":48,"code":143572,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143574,143575,143588],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143576,143577,143579,143581,143583,143586],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143578,34829],{"class":61},[55,143580,66],{"class":65},[55,143582,258],{"class":247},[55,143584,143585],{"class":251},"!!hello??",[55,143587,3522],{"class":247},[55,143589,143590,143592,143594,143596,143598,143600,143602,143604,143607,143609],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,143591,121],{"class":120},[55,143593,103],{"class":69},[55,143595,34850],{"class":99},[55,143597,44],{"class":69},[55,143599,8795],{"class":99},[55,143601,103],{"class":69},[55,143603,248],{"class":247},[55,143605,143606],{"class":251},"!?",[55,143608,248],{"class":247},[55,143610,1867],{"class":69},[20,143612,302],{},[46,143614,143615],{"className":48,"code":138652,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,143616,143617],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143618,143619],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143620,138652],{"class":61},[20,143622,83803],{},[155,143624,143625,143630],{},[158,143626,143627,143629],{},[15,143628,134596],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[158,143631,143632,143633,143635],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143634,134596],{}," does not matter",[142,143637,143639,143640],{"id":143638},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143641,41795],{},[20,143643,31029,143644,44],{},[15,143645,41795],{},[20,143647,143648],{},"It is useful for:",[155,143650,143651,143656,143659,143662],{},[158,143652,143653,143654,4050],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143655,3121],{},[158,143657,143658],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[158,143660,143661],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[158,143663,143664],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143666,48505],{},[46,143668,143670],{"className":48,"code":143669,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143671,143672,143685,143701,143705],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143673,143674,143676,143678,143680,143683],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143675,8122],{"class":61},[55,143677,66],{"class":65},[55,143679,258],{"class":247},[55,143681,143682],{"class":251},"  sam  ",[55,143684,3522],{"class":247},[55,143686,143687,143690,143692,143695,143697,143699],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,143688,143689],{"class":61},"clean_username ",[55,143691,66],{"class":65},[55,143693,143694],{"class":61}," username",[55,143696,44],{"class":69},[55,143698,8795],{"class":99},[55,143700,8804],{"class":69},[55,143702,143703],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,143704,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,143706,143707,143709,143711,143714],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,143708,121],{"class":120},[55,143710,103],{"class":69},[55,143712,143713],{"class":99},"clean_username",[55,143715,114],{"class":69},[20,143717,302],{},[46,143719,143721],{"className":48,"code":143720,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"sam\n",[15,143722,143723],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143724,143725],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143726,143720],{"class":61},[20,143728,143729],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[46,143731,143733],{"className":48,"code":143732,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143734,143735,143748,143752,143774],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143736,143737,143739,143741,143743,143746],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143738,136580],{"class":61},[55,143740,66],{"class":65},[55,143742,258],{"class":247},[55,143744,143745],{"class":251}," yes  ",[55,143747,3522],{"class":247},[55,143749,143750],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,143751,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,143753,143754,143756,143758,143760,143762,143764,143766,143768,143770,143772],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,143755,7157],{"class":4040},[55,143757,136600],{"class":61},[55,143759,44],{"class":69},[55,143761,8795],{"class":99},[55,143763,7526],{"class":69},[55,143765,6567],{"class":65},[55,143767,258],{"class":247},[55,143769,8819],{"class":251},[55,143771,248],{"class":247},[55,143773,6552],{"class":69},[55,143775,143776,143778,143780,143782,143785,143787],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,143777,8230],{"class":120},[55,143779,103],{"class":69},[55,143781,248],{"class":247},[55,143783,143784],{"class":251},"Matched",[55,143786,248],{"class":247},[55,143788,114],{"class":69},[20,143790,302],{},[46,143792,143794],{"className":48,"code":143793,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Matched\n",[15,143795,143796],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143797,143798],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143799,143793],{"class":61},[20,143801,143802,143803,44],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[36,143804,143806],{"href":143805},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143808,143809],{},"Example with file-style text:",[46,143811,143813],{"className":48,"code":143812,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143814,143815,143831,143845],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143816,143817,143820,143822,143824,143827,143829],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143818,143819],{"class":61},"line ",[55,143821,66],{"class":65},[55,143823,258],{"class":247},[55,143825,143826],{"class":251},"Python basics",[55,143828,87135],{"class":1885},[55,143830,3522],{"class":247},[55,143832,143833,143835,143837,143839,143841,143843],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,143834,121],{"class":120},[55,143836,103],{"class":69},[55,143838,41921],{"class":120},[55,143840,103],{"class":69},[55,143842,57],{"class":99},[55,143844,1867],{"class":69},[55,143846,143847,143849,143851,143853,143855,143857,143859,143861],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,143848,121],{"class":120},[55,143850,103],{"class":69},[55,143852,41921],{"class":120},[55,143854,103],{"class":69},[55,143856,57],{"class":99},[55,143858,44],{"class":69},[55,143860,8795],{"class":99},[55,143862,6448],{"class":69},[20,143864,302],{},[46,143866,143868],{"className":48,"code":143867,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143869,143870,143881],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143871,143872,143874,143876,143879],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143873,315],{"class":43470},[55,143875,143826],{"class":43474},[55,143877,87135],{"class":143878},"sfi6f",[55,143880,29844],{"class":43470},[55,143882,143883,143885,143887],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,143884,315],{"class":43470},[55,143886,143826],{"class":43474},[55,143888,29844],{"class":43470},[20,143890,8578,143891,143893,143894,44],{},[15,143892,122551],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143895,87135],{},[20,143897,143898,143899,44],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[36,143900,143901],{"href":87788},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[142,143903,143905],{"id":143904},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143907,143908,143909,44],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143910,143911],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143913,143914],{},"Python will:",[155,143916,143917,143920,143923],{},[158,143918,143919],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[158,143921,143922],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[158,143924,143925],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143927,230],{},[46,143929,143931],{"className":48,"code":143930,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143932,143933,143946],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143934,143935,143937,143939,143941,143944],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143936,34829],{"class":61},[55,143938,66],{"class":65},[55,143940,258],{"class":247},[55,143942,143943],{"class":251},"??hello!!",[55,143945,3522],{"class":247},[55,143947,143948,143950,143952,143954,143956,143958,143960,143962,143964,143966],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,143949,121],{"class":120},[55,143951,103],{"class":69},[55,143953,34850],{"class":99},[55,143955,44],{"class":69},[55,143957,8795],{"class":99},[55,143959,103],{"class":69},[55,143961,248],{"class":247},[55,143963,143606],{"class":251},[55,143965,248],{"class":247},[55,143967,1867],{"class":69},[20,143969,302],{},[46,143971,143972],{"className":48,"code":138652,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,143973,143974],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143975,143976],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143977,138652],{"class":61},[20,143979,52224],{},[46,143981,143983],{"className":48,"code":143982,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143984,143985,143998],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143986,143987,143989,143991,143993,143996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143988,34829],{"class":61},[55,143990,66],{"class":65},[55,143992,258],{"class":247},[55,143994,143995],{"class":251},"abcHelloCba",[55,143997,3522],{"class":247},[55,143999,144000,144002,144004,144006,144008,144010,144012,144014,144016,144018],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,144001,121],{"class":120},[55,144003,103],{"class":69},[55,144005,34850],{"class":99},[55,144007,44],{"class":69},[55,144009,8795],{"class":99},[55,144011,103],{"class":69},[55,144013,248],{"class":247},[55,144015,41702],{"class":251},[55,144017,248],{"class":247},[55,144019,1867],{"class":69},[20,144021,302],{},[46,144023,144025],{"className":48,"code":144024,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"HelloC\n",[15,144026,144027],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144028,144029],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144030,144024],{"class":61},[20,144032,6393],{},[20,144034,144035,14204,144038,144040,144041,144043,144044,2352,144046,2356,144048,144050],{},[15,144036,144037],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[1966,144039,1968],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144042,41702],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144045,36],{},[15,144047,285],{},[15,144049,261],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144052,144053],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144055,144056,144057,6790],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[36,144058,144059],{"href":129918},[15,144060,124508],{},[142,144062,144064,982,144066,982,144069],{"id":144063},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144065,41795],{},[15,144067,144068],{},"lstrip()",[15,144070,144071],{},"rstrip()",[20,144073,144074],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[155,144076,144077,144082,144087],{},[158,144078,144079,144081],{},[15,144080,41795],{}," removes from both ends",[158,144083,144084,144086],{},[15,144085,144068],{}," removes from the left side only",[158,144088,144089,144091],{},[15,144090,144071],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144093,230],{},[46,144095,144097],{"className":48,"code":144096,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144098,144099,144111,144115,144133,144152],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144100,144101,144103,144105,144107,144109],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144102,34829],{"class":61},[55,144104,66],{"class":65},[55,144106,258],{"class":247},[55,144108,143344],{"class":251},[55,144110,3522],{"class":247},[55,144112,144113],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,144114,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,144116,144117,144119,144121,144123,144125,144127,144129,144131],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,144118,121],{"class":120},[55,144120,103],{"class":69},[55,144122,41921],{"class":120},[55,144124,103],{"class":69},[55,144126,34850],{"class":99},[55,144128,44],{"class":69},[55,144130,8795],{"class":99},[55,144132,6448],{"class":69},[55,144134,144135,144137,144139,144141,144143,144145,144147,144150],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,144136,121],{"class":120},[55,144138,103],{"class":69},[55,144140,41921],{"class":120},[55,144142,103],{"class":69},[55,144144,34850],{"class":99},[55,144146,44],{"class":69},[55,144148,144149],{"class":99},"lstrip",[55,144151,6448],{"class":69},[55,144153,144154,144156,144158,144160,144162,144164,144166,144169],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,144155,121],{"class":120},[55,144157,103],{"class":69},[55,144159,41921],{"class":120},[55,144161,103],{"class":69},[55,144163,34850],{"class":99},[55,144165,44],{"class":69},[55,144167,144168],{"class":99},"rstrip",[55,144170,6448],{"class":69},[20,144172,302],{},[46,144174,144176],{"className":48,"code":144175,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144177,144178,144186,144195],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144179,144180,144182,144184],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144181,315],{"class":43470},[55,144183,4009],{"class":43474},[55,144185,29844],{"class":43470},[55,144187,144188,144190,144193],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,144189,315],{"class":43470},[55,144191,144192],{"class":43474},"hello  ",[55,144194,29844],{"class":43470},[55,144196,144197,144199,144202],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,144198,315],{"class":43470},[55,144200,144201],{"class":43474},"  hello",[55,144203,29844],{"class":43470},[20,144205,144206],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[142,144208,108345],{"id":108344},[20,144210,144211],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[155,144213,144214,144222,144232,144235],{},[158,144215,144216,144218,144219,144221],{},[15,144217,144037],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144220,41671],{}," once",[158,144223,144224,144225,2352,144227,2356,144229,144231],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144226,36],{},[15,144228,285],{},[15,144230,261],{}," from both ends",[158,144233,144234],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[158,144236,144237],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144239,230],{},[46,144241,144243],{"className":48,"code":144242,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144244,144245,144258],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144246,144247,144249,144251,144253,144256],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144248,126420],{"class":61},[55,144250,66],{"class":65},[55,144252,258],{"class":247},[55,144254,144255],{"class":251},"txt_report.txt",[55,144257,3522],{"class":247},[55,144259,144260,144262,144264,144266,144268,144270,144272,144274,144276,144278],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,144261,121],{"class":120},[55,144263,103],{"class":69},[55,144265,126438],{"class":99},[55,144267,44],{"class":69},[55,144269,8795],{"class":99},[55,144271,103],{"class":69},[55,144273,248],{"class":247},[55,144275,126473],{"class":251},[55,144277,248],{"class":247},[55,144279,1867],{"class":69},[20,144281,302],{},[46,144283,144285],{"className":48,"code":144284,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"_report\n",[15,144286,144287],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144288,144289],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144290,144284],{"class":61},[20,144292,144293,144294,2352,144296,2356,144298,144300],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144295,44],{},[15,144297,63411],{},[15,144299,2336],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144302,53790,144303,4944,144306,144308],{},[15,144304,144305],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[1966,144307,1968],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144310,144311,144312,144316],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[36,144313,144314],{"href":129918},[15,144315,124508],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[142,144318,1937,144320],{"id":144319},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144321,41795],{},[20,144323,31,144324,144326],{},[15,144325,41795],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144328,1947],{},[155,144330,144331,144335,144337,144340],{},[158,144332,143653,144333,4050],{},[15,144334,3121],{},[158,144336,143658],{},[158,144338,144339],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[158,144341,144342],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144344,230],{},[46,144346,144348],{"className":48,"code":144347,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144349,144350,144364,144368,144381],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144351,144352,144355,144357,144359,144362],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144353,144354],{"class":61},"email ",[55,144356,66],{"class":65},[55,144358,258],{"class":247},[55,144360,144361],{"class":251},"  user@example.com  ",[55,144363,3522],{"class":247},[55,144365,144366],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,144367,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,144369,144370,144372,144375,144377,144379],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,144371,7157],{"class":4040},[55,144373,144374],{"class":61}," email",[55,144376,44],{"class":69},[55,144378,8795],{"class":99},[55,144380,21742],{"class":69},[55,144382,144383,144385,144387,144389,144392,144394],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,144384,8230],{"class":120},[55,144386,103],{"class":69},[55,144388,248],{"class":247},[55,144390,144391],{"class":251},"Email was entered",[55,144393,248],{"class":247},[55,144395,114],{"class":69},[20,144397,302],{},[46,144399,144401],{"className":48,"code":144400,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Email was entered\n",[15,144402,144403],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144404,144405],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144406,144400],{"class":61},[20,144408,144409,144410,144412,144413,44],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144411,41795],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[36,144414,144415],{"href":124064},[15,144416,124067],{},[142,144418,2992],{"id":2991},[20,144420,84222],{},[155,144422,144423,144427,144432,144437],{},[158,144424,1553,144425,131557],{},[15,144426,41795],{},[158,144428,1553,144429,144431],{},[15,144430,41795],{}," to remove text from the middle",[158,144433,8578,144434,144436],{},[15,144435,144305],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[158,144438,4865,144439,144442],{},[15,144440,144441],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144444,144445],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[46,144447,144449],{"className":48,"code":144448,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144450,144451,144465,144469,144479,144493,144507],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144452,144453,144455,144457,144459,144461,144463],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144454,34829],{"class":61},[55,144456,66],{"class":65},[55,144458,258],{"class":247},[55,144460,144201],{"class":251},[55,144462,87135],{"class":1885},[55,144464,3522],{"class":247},[55,144466,144467],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,144468,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,144470,144471,144473,144475,144477],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,144472,121],{"class":120},[55,144474,103],{"class":69},[55,144476,34850],{"class":99},[55,144478,114],{"class":69},[55,144480,144481,144483,144485,144487,144489,144491],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,144482,121],{"class":120},[55,144484,103],{"class":69},[55,144486,41921],{"class":120},[55,144488,103],{"class":69},[55,144490,34850],{"class":99},[55,144492,1867],{"class":69},[55,144494,144495,144497,144499,144501,144503,144505],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,144496,121],{"class":120},[55,144498,103],{"class":69},[55,144500,34850],{"class":99},[55,144502,44],{"class":69},[55,144504,8795],{"class":99},[55,144506,7354],{"class":69},[55,144508,144509,144511,144513,144515,144517,144519,144521,144523],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,144510,121],{"class":120},[55,144512,103],{"class":69},[55,144514,41921],{"class":120},[55,144516,103],{"class":69},[55,144518,34850],{"class":99},[55,144520,44],{"class":69},[55,144522,8795],{"class":99},[55,144524,6448],{"class":69},[20,144526,302],{},[46,144528,144530],{"className":48,"code":144529,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144531,144532,144537,144541,144551,144555],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144533,144534],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144535,144536],{"class":61},"  hello\n",[55,144538,144539],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,144540,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,144542,144543,144545,144547,144549],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,144544,315],{"class":43470},[55,144546,144201],{"class":43474},[55,144548,87135],{"class":143878},[55,144550,29844],{"class":43470},[55,144552,144553],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,144554,138652],{"class":61},[55,144556,144557,144559,144561],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,144558,315],{"class":43470},[55,144560,4009],{"class":43474},[55,144562,29844],{"class":43470},[20,144564,144565],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[46,144567,144569],{"className":48,"code":144568,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144570,144571,144581,144595,144609,144627],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144572,144573,144575,144577,144579],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144574,121],{"class":120},[55,144576,103],{"class":69},[55,144578,34850],{"class":99},[55,144580,114],{"class":69},[55,144582,144583,144585,144587,144589,144591,144593],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,144584,121],{"class":120},[55,144586,103],{"class":69},[55,144588,41921],{"class":120},[55,144590,103],{"class":69},[55,144592,34850],{"class":99},[55,144594,1867],{"class":69},[55,144596,144597,144599,144601,144603,144605,144607],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,144598,121],{"class":120},[55,144600,103],{"class":69},[55,144602,34850],{"class":99},[55,144604,44],{"class":69},[55,144606,8795],{"class":99},[55,144608,7354],{"class":69},[55,144610,144611,144613,144615,144617,144619,144621,144623,144625],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,144612,121],{"class":120},[55,144614,103],{"class":69},[55,144616,41921],{"class":120},[55,144618,103],{"class":69},[55,144620,34850],{"class":99},[55,144622,44],{"class":69},[55,144624,8795],{"class":99},[55,144626,6448],{"class":69},[55,144628,144629,144631,144633,144635,144637,144639],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,144630,1893],{"class":120},[55,144632,103],{"class":69},[55,144634,3607],{"class":1898},[55,144636,44],{"class":69},[55,144638,8795],{"class":1880},[55,144640,114],{"class":69},[20,144642,144643,144645],{},[15,144644,122551],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[142,144647,1986],{"id":1985},[577,144649,1990,144651,144653],{"id":144650},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144652,41795],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144655,46508,144656,144658],{},[15,144657,41795],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[577,144660,1990,144662,124664],{"id":144661},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144663,41795],{},[20,144665,144666],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[577,144668,5303,144670,144672],{"id":144669},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144671,41795],{}," remove by default?",[20,144674,144675],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[577,144677,34348,144679,34351,144681,2027],{"id":144678},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144680,41795],{},[15,144682,124508],{},[20,144684,144685,144687,144688,144690],{},[15,144686,41795],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144689,124508],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[577,144692,144694],{"id":144693},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144696,128210,144697,144699,144700,144702],{},[15,144698,144068],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144701,144071],{}," for the right side.",[142,144704,2039],{"id":2038},[155,144706,144707,144713,144719,144724,144729],{},[158,144708,144709],{},[36,144710,126337,144711,43],{"href":124064},[15,144712,124067],{},[158,144714,144715],{},[36,144716,126337,144717,43],{"href":129918},[15,144718,124508],{},[158,144720,144721],{},[36,144722,144723],{"href":143805},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[158,144725,144726],{},[36,144727,144728],{"href":87788},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[158,144730,144731],{},[36,144732,125092],{"href":51120},[2080,144734,144735],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":144737},[144738,144739,144741,144745,144747,144748,144750,144751,144753,144754,144765],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":143390,"depth":91,"text":144740},"What strip() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319,"children":144742},[144743,144744],{"id":143513,"depth":117,"text":143505},{"id":143564,"depth":117,"text":143510},{"id":143638,"depth":91,"text":144746},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143904,"depth":91,"text":143905},{"id":144063,"depth":91,"text":144749},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108344,"depth":91,"text":108345},{"id":144319,"depth":91,"text":144752},"When to use strip()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":144755},[144756,144758,144760,144762,144764],{"id":144650,"depth":117,"text":144757},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144661,"depth":117,"text":144759},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144669,"depth":117,"text":144761},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144678,"depth":117,"text":144763},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144693,"depth":117,"text":144694},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143311,"description":144766},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144773,"title":144774,"body":144775,"description":145955,"extension":2124,"meta":145956,"navigation":428,"path":145957,"seo":145958,"stem":145959,"__hash__":145960},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144776,"toc":145925},[144777,144782,144787,144792,144794,144840,144848,144853,144867,144873,144875,144877,144892,144894,144904,144907,144938,144941,144964,144966,144969,145026,145028,145042,145044,145058,145064,145069,145072,145113,145115,145124,145132,145135,145180,145182,145191,145194,145198,145203,145217,145219,145251,145253,145273,145276,145281,145286,145288,145299,145302,145359,145361,145369,145378,145380,145382,145388,145390,145427,145429,145437,145439,145480,145482,145491,145496,145501,145503,145530,145537,145540,145571,145573,145582,145588,145597,145628,145630,145642,145655,145659,145664,145694,145696,145763,145765,145775,145777,145782,145785,145790,145795,145799,145805,145811,145814,145816,145874,145876,145884,145886,145922],[10,144778,123337,144780,18],{"id":144779},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144781,128215],{},[20,144783,123342,144784,144786],{},[15,144785,128215],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144788,84599,144789,144791],{},[15,144790,128215],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[142,144793,2165],{"id":2164},[46,144795,144797],{"className":48,"code":144796,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144798,144799,144811,144825,144835],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144800,144801,144803,144805,144807,144809],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144802,34829],{"class":61},[55,144804,66],{"class":65},[55,144806,258],{"class":247},[55,144808,129056],{"class":251},[55,144810,3522],{"class":247},[55,144812,144813,144815,144817,144819,144821,144823],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,144814,1255],{"class":61},[55,144816,66],{"class":65},[55,144818,42984],{"class":61},[55,144820,44],{"class":69},[55,144822,34619],{"class":99},[55,144824,8804],{"class":69},[55,144826,144827,144829,144831,144833],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,144828,121],{"class":120},[55,144830,103],{"class":69},[55,144832,1288],{"class":99},[55,144834,114],{"class":69},[55,144836,144837],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,144838,144839],{"class":133},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144841,144842,144844,144845,144847],{},[15,144843,128215],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[1966,144846,1968],{}," change the original string in place.",[142,144849,145,144851,148],{"id":144850},"what-upper-does",[15,144852,128215],{},[155,144854,144855,144860,144863,144865],{},[158,144856,144857,144859],{},[15,144858,128215],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[158,144861,144862],{},"It works on string values only",[158,144864,133585],{},[158,144866,136303],{},[20,144868,125089,144869,3041,144871,44],{},[36,144870,136309],{"href":136308},[36,144872,125092],{"href":51120},[142,144874,2319],{"id":2318},[20,144876,2322],{},[46,144878,144880],{"className":48,"code":144879,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.upper()\n",[15,144881,144882],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144883,144884,144886,144888,144890],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144885,61298],{"class":61},[55,144887,44],{"class":69},[55,144889,34619],{"class":99},[55,144891,8804],{"class":69},[20,144893,11617],{},[155,144895,144896,144898,144901],{},[158,144897,97510],{},[158,144899,144900],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[158,144902,144903],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144905,144906],{},"Example with a variable:",[46,144908,144910],{"className":48,"code":144909,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144911,144912,144924],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144913,144914,144916,144918,144920,144922],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144915,8037],{"class":61},[55,144917,66],{"class":65},[55,144919,258],{"class":247},[55,144921,50],{"class":251},[55,144923,3522],{"class":247},[55,144925,144926,144928,144930,144932,144934,144936],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,144927,121],{"class":120},[55,144929,103],{"class":69},[55,144931,7829],{"class":99},[55,144933,44],{"class":69},[55,144935,34619],{"class":99},[55,144937,7354],{"class":69},[20,144939,144940],{},"Example with a string literal:",[46,144942,144944],{"className":48,"code":144943,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144945,144946],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144947,144948,144950,144952,144954,144956,144958,144960,144962],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144949,121],{"class":120},[55,144951,103],{"class":69},[55,144953,248],{"class":247},[55,144955,4009],{"class":251},[55,144957,248],{"class":247},[55,144959,44],{"class":69},[55,144961,34619],{"class":99},[55,144963,7354],{"class":69},[142,144965,11634],{"id":11633},[20,144967,144968],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[46,144970,144972],{"className":48,"code":144971,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144973,144974,144986,145001,145005,145015],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144975,144976,144978,144980,144982,144984],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144977,6312],{"class":61},[55,144979,66],{"class":65},[55,144981,258],{"class":247},[55,144983,1072],{"class":251},[55,144985,3522],{"class":247},[55,144987,144988,144991,144993,144995,144997,144999],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,144989,144990],{"class":61},"uppercase_word ",[55,144992,66],{"class":65},[55,144994,38521],{"class":61},[55,144996,44],{"class":69},[55,144998,34619],{"class":99},[55,145000,8804],{"class":69},[55,145002,145003],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,145004,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,145006,145007,145009,145011,145013],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,145008,121],{"class":120},[55,145010,103],{"class":69},[55,145012,38531],{"class":99},[55,145014,114],{"class":69},[55,145016,145017,145019,145021,145024],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,145018,121],{"class":120},[55,145020,103],{"class":69},[55,145022,145023],{"class":99},"uppercase_word",[55,145025,114],{"class":69},[20,145027,302],{},[46,145029,145031],{"className":48,"code":145030,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145032,145033,145037],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145034,145035],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145036,70388],{"class":61},[55,145038,145039],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,145040,145041],{"class":1885},"BANANA\n",[20,145043,112451],{},[155,145045,145046,145051],{},[158,145047,145048,145050],{},[15,145049,38531],{}," keeps its original value",[158,145052,145053,145055,145056],{},[15,145054,145023],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145057,128215],{},[142,145059,145061,145063],{"id":145060},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145062,128215],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145065,136969,145066,145068],{},[1966,145067,136972],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145070,145071],{},"So this method:",[46,145073,145075],{"className":48,"code":145074,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145076,145077,145089,145099,145103],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145078,145079,145081,145083,145085,145087],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145080,8037],{"class":61},[55,145082,66],{"class":65},[55,145084,258],{"class":247},[55,145086,17952],{"class":251},[55,145088,3522],{"class":247},[55,145090,145091,145093,145095,145097],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,145092,7829],{"class":61},[55,145094,44],{"class":69},[55,145096,34619],{"class":99},[55,145098,8804],{"class":69},[55,145100,145101],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,145102,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,145104,145105,145107,145109,145111],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,145106,121],{"class":120},[55,145108,103],{"class":69},[55,145110,7829],{"class":99},[55,145112,114],{"class":69},[20,145114,302],{},[46,145116,145118],{"className":48,"code":145117,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"alice\n",[15,145119,145120],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145121,145122],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145123,145117],{"class":61},[20,145125,21124,145126,145128,145129,145131],{},[15,145127,128215],{}," was called, ",[15,145130,7829],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145133,145134],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[46,145136,145138],{"className":48,"code":145137,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145139,145140,145152,145166,145170],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145141,145142,145144,145146,145148,145150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145143,8037],{"class":61},[55,145145,66],{"class":65},[55,145147,258],{"class":247},[55,145149,17952],{"class":251},[55,145151,3522],{"class":247},[55,145153,145154,145156,145158,145160,145162,145164],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,145155,8037],{"class":61},[55,145157,66],{"class":65},[55,145159,36132],{"class":61},[55,145161,44],{"class":69},[55,145163,34619],{"class":99},[55,145165,8804],{"class":69},[55,145167,145168],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,145169,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,145171,145172,145174,145176,145178],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,145173,121],{"class":120},[55,145175,103],{"class":69},[55,145177,7829],{"class":99},[55,145179,114],{"class":69},[20,145181,302],{},[46,145183,145185],{"className":48,"code":145184,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ALICE\n",[15,145186,145187],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145188,145189],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145190,145184],{"class":1885},[20,145192,145193],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[142,145195,145197],{"id":145196},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145199,145200,145202],{},[15,145201,128215],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[155,145204,145205,145208,145211,145214],{},[158,145206,145207],{},"Numbers stay the same",[158,145209,145210],{},"Spaces stay the same",[158,145212,145213],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[158,145215,145216],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145218,230],{},[46,145220,145222],{"className":48,"code":145221,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145223,145224,145237],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145225,145226,145228,145230,145232,145235],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145227,34829],{"class":61},[55,145229,66],{"class":65},[55,145231,258],{"class":247},[55,145233,145234],{"class":251},"Room 7, table #3!",[55,145236,3522],{"class":247},[55,145238,145239,145241,145243,145245,145247,145249],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,145240,121],{"class":120},[55,145242,103],{"class":69},[55,145244,34850],{"class":99},[55,145246,44],{"class":69},[55,145248,34619],{"class":99},[55,145250,7354],{"class":69},[20,145252,302],{},[46,145254,145256],{"className":48,"code":145255,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145257,145258],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145259,145260,145263,145265,145267,145270],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145261,145262],{"class":1885},"ROOM",[55,145264,6151],{"class":73},[55,145266,77],{"class":69},[55,145268,145269],{"class":1885}," TABLE",[55,145271,145272],{"class":133}," #3!\n",[20,145274,145275],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[142,145277,1937,145279],{"id":145278},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145280,128215],{},[20,145282,145283,145285],{},[15,145284,128215],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145287,48483],{},[155,145289,145290,145293,145296],{},[158,145291,145292],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[158,145294,145295],{},"Format labels or headings",[158,145297,145298],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145300,145301],{},"Example: simple comparison",[46,145303,145305],{"className":48,"code":145304,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145306,145307,145319,145323,145345],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145308,145309,145311,145313,145315,145317],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145310,136580],{"class":61},[55,145312,66],{"class":65},[55,145314,258],{"class":247},[55,145316,8819],{"class":251},[55,145318,3522],{"class":247},[55,145320,145321],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,145322,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,145324,145325,145327,145329,145331,145333,145335,145337,145339,145341,145343],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,145326,7157],{"class":4040},[55,145328,136600],{"class":61},[55,145330,44],{"class":69},[55,145332,34619],{"class":99},[55,145334,7526],{"class":69},[55,145336,6567],{"class":65},[55,145338,258],{"class":247},[55,145340,136587],{"class":251},[55,145342,248],{"class":247},[55,145344,6552],{"class":69},[55,145346,145347,145349,145351,145353,145355,145357],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,145348,8230],{"class":120},[55,145350,103],{"class":69},[55,145352,248],{"class":247},[55,145354,143784],{"class":251},[55,145356,248],{"class":247},[55,145358,114],{"class":69},[20,145360,302],{},[46,145362,145363],{"className":48,"code":143793,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,145364,145365],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145366,145367],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145368,143793],{"class":61},[20,145370,145371,145372,2352,145374,2356,145376,44],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145373,8819],{},[15,145375,137373],{},[15,145377,136587],{},[142,145379,2992],{"id":2991},[577,145381,95871],{"id":95870},[20,145383,8277,145384,145387],{},[15,145385,145386],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145389,1343],{},[46,145391,145393],{"className":48,"code":145392,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145394,145395,145407,145417],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145396,145397,145399,145401,145403,145405],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145398,34829],{"class":61},[55,145400,66],{"class":65},[55,145402,258],{"class":247},[55,145404,4009],{"class":251},[55,145406,3522],{"class":247},[55,145408,145409,145411,145413,145415],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,145410,34850],{"class":61},[55,145412,44],{"class":69},[55,145414,34619],{"class":99},[55,145416,8804],{"class":69},[55,145418,145419,145421,145423,145425],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,145420,121],{"class":120},[55,145422,103],{"class":69},[55,145424,34850],{"class":99},[55,145426,114],{"class":69},[20,145428,302],{},[46,145430,145431],{"className":48,"code":138652,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,145432,145433],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145434,145435],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145436,138652],{"class":61},[20,145438,16805],{},[46,145440,145442],{"className":48,"code":145441,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145443,145444,145456,145470],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145445,145446,145448,145450,145452,145454],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145447,34829],{"class":61},[55,145449,66],{"class":65},[55,145451,258],{"class":247},[55,145453,4009],{"class":251},[55,145455,3522],{"class":247},[55,145457,145458,145460,145462,145464,145466,145468],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,145459,34829],{"class":61},[55,145461,66],{"class":65},[55,145463,42984],{"class":61},[55,145465,44],{"class":69},[55,145467,34619],{"class":99},[55,145469,8804],{"class":69},[55,145471,145472,145474,145476,145478],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,145473,121],{"class":120},[55,145475,103],{"class":69},[55,145477,34850],{"class":99},[55,145479,114],{"class":69},[20,145481,302],{},[46,145483,145485],{"className":48,"code":145484,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"HELLO\n",[15,145486,145487],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145488,145489],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145490,145484],{"class":1885},[577,145492,19054,145494,137259],{"id":145493},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145495,128215],{},[20,145497,145498,145500],{},[15,145499,128215],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145502,230],{},[46,145504,145506],{"className":48,"code":145505,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145507,145508,145516],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145509,145510,145512,145514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145511,2380],{"class":61},[55,145513,66],{"class":65},[55,145515,125019],{"class":73},[55,145517,145518,145520,145522,145524,145526,145528],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,145519,121],{"class":120},[55,145521,103],{"class":69},[55,145523,2402],{"class":99},[55,145525,44],{"class":69},[55,145527,34619],{"class":99},[55,145529,7354],{"class":69},[20,145531,39794,145532,145534,145535,33744],{},[15,145533,2351],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145536,128215],{},[20,145538,145539],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[46,145541,145543],{"className":48,"code":145542,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145544,145545,145553],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145546,145547,145549,145551],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145548,2380],{"class":61},[55,145550,66],{"class":65},[55,145552,125019],{"class":73},[55,145554,145555,145557,145559,145561,145563,145565,145567,145569],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,145556,121],{"class":120},[55,145558,103],{"class":69},[55,145560,3607],{"class":1898},[55,145562,103],{"class":69},[55,145564,2402],{"class":99},[55,145566,8792],{"class":69},[55,145568,34619],{"class":99},[55,145570,7354],{"class":69},[20,145572,302],{},[46,145574,145576],{"className":48,"code":145575,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"123\n",[15,145577,145578],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145579,145580],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145581,145575],{"class":73},[577,145583,37343,145585,145587],{"id":145584},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145586,128215],{}," with title case",[20,145589,145590,145592,145593,145596],{},[15,145591,128215],{}," makes ",[1966,145594,145595],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[46,145598,145600],{"className":48,"code":145599,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145601,145602,145614],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145603,145604,145606,145608,145610,145612],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145605,34829],{"class":61},[55,145607,66],{"class":65},[55,145609,258],{"class":247},[55,145611,60530],{"class":251},[55,145613,3522],{"class":247},[55,145615,145616,145618,145620,145622,145624,145626],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,145617,121],{"class":120},[55,145619,103],{"class":69},[55,145621,34850],{"class":99},[55,145623,44],{"class":69},[55,145625,34619],{"class":99},[55,145627,7354],{"class":69},[20,145629,302],{},[46,145631,145633],{"className":48,"code":145632,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145634,145635],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145636,145637,145639],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145638,136361],{"class":1885},[55,145640,145641],{"class":1885}," WORLD\n",[20,145643,145644,145645,145649,145650,145654],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[36,145646,145647],{"href":124064},[15,145648,124067],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[36,145651,145652],{"href":129918},[15,145653,124508],{}," changes parts of a string.",[142,145656,145658],{"id":145657},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145660,145661,145662,153],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145663,128215],{},[155,145665,145666,145673,145680,145687],{},[158,145667,145668,145672],{},[36,145669,145670],{"href":124064},[15,145671,124067],{}," for lowercase text",[158,145674,145675,145679],{},[36,145676,145677],{"href":136907},[15,145678,41795],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[158,145681,145682,145686],{},[36,145683,145684],{"href":129918},[15,145685,124508],{}," for changing parts of a string",[158,145688,145689,352,145691,145693],{},[15,145690,127705],{},[15,145692,126395],{}," for checks",[20,145695,230],{},[46,145697,145699],{"className":48,"code":145698,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145700,145701,145713,145717,145732,145748,145752],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145702,145703,145705,145707,145709,145711],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145704,34829],{"class":61},[55,145706,66],{"class":65},[55,145708,258],{"class":247},[55,145710,143435],{"class":251},[55,145712,3522],{"class":247},[55,145714,145715],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,145716,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,145718,145719,145722,145724,145726,145728,145730],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,145720,145721],{"class":61},"cleaned ",[55,145723,66],{"class":65},[55,145725,42984],{"class":61},[55,145727,44],{"class":69},[55,145729,8795],{"class":99},[55,145731,8804],{"class":69},[55,145733,145734,145737,145739,145742,145744,145746],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,145735,145736],{"class":61},"loud ",[55,145738,66],{"class":65},[55,145740,145741],{"class":61}," cleaned",[55,145743,44],{"class":69},[55,145745,34619],{"class":99},[55,145747,8804],{"class":69},[55,145749,145750],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,145751,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,145753,145754,145756,145758,145761],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,145755,121],{"class":120},[55,145757,103],{"class":69},[55,145759,145760],{"class":99},"loud",[55,145762,114],{"class":69},[20,145764,302],{},[46,145766,145767],{"className":48,"code":145632,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,145768,145769],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145770,145771,145773],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145772,136361],{"class":1885},[55,145774,145641],{"class":1885},[142,145776,1986],{"id":1985},[577,145778,1990,145780,124664],{"id":145779},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145781,128215],{},[20,145783,145784],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[577,145786,1990,145788,137641],{"id":145787},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145789,128215],{},[20,145791,145792,145793,44],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145794,145386],{},[577,145796,145798],{"id":145797},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145800,145801,145802,145804],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145803,128215],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[577,145806,28473,145808,145810],{"id":145807},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145809,128215],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145812,145813],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145815,230],{},[46,145817,145819],{"className":48,"code":145818,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145820,145821,145833,145846,145850],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145822,145823,145825,145827,145829,145831],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145824,2715],{"class":61},[55,145826,66],{"class":65},[55,145828,258],{"class":247},[55,145830,50],{"class":251},[55,145832,3522],{"class":247},[55,145834,145835,145837,145839,145841,145844],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,145836,2743],{"class":61},[55,145838,66],{"class":65},[55,145840,258],{"class":247},[55,145842,145843],{"class":251},"PYTHON",[55,145845,3522],{"class":247},[55,145847,145848],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,145849,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,145851,145852,145854,145856,145858,145860,145862,145864,145866,145868,145870,145872],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,145853,121],{"class":120},[55,145855,103],{"class":69},[55,145857,36],{"class":99},[55,145859,44],{"class":69},[55,145861,34619],{"class":99},[55,145863,7526],{"class":69},[55,145865,6567],{"class":65},[55,145867,2720],{"class":99},[55,145869,44],{"class":69},[55,145871,34619],{"class":99},[55,145873,7354],{"class":69},[20,145875,302],{},[46,145877,145878],{"className":48,"code":4143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,145879,145880],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145881,145882],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145883,4143],{"class":1312},[142,145885,2039],{"id":2038},[155,145887,145888,145892,145898,145904,145910,145914,145918],{},[158,145889,145890],{},[36,145891,125092],{"href":51120},[158,145893,145894],{},[36,145895,126337,145896,43],{"href":124064},[15,145897,124067],{},[158,145899,145900],{},[36,145901,126337,145902,43],{"href":136907},[15,145903,41795],{},[158,145905,145906],{},[36,145907,126337,145908,43],{"href":129918},[15,145909,124508],{},[158,145911,145912],{},[36,145913,90665],{"href":89674},[158,145915,145916],{},[36,145917,124736],{"href":123592},[158,145919,145920],{},[36,145921,137727],{"href":136308},[2080,145923,145924],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":145926},[145927,145928,145930,145931,145932,145934,145935,145937,145944,145945,145954],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":144850,"depth":91,"text":145929},"What upper() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":145060,"depth":91,"text":145933},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145196,"depth":91,"text":145197},{"id":145278,"depth":91,"text":145936},"When to use upper()",{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":145938},[145939,145940,145942],{"id":95870,"depth":117,"text":95871},{"id":145493,"depth":117,"text":145941},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145584,"depth":117,"text":145943},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145657,"depth":91,"text":145658},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":145946},[145947,145949,145951,145952],{"id":145779,"depth":117,"text":145948},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145787,"depth":117,"text":145950},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145797,"depth":117,"text":145798},{"id":145807,"depth":117,"text":145953},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144774,"description":145955},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145962,"title":145963,"body":145964,"description":147841,"extension":2124,"meta":147842,"navigation":428,"path":147843,"seo":147844,"stem":147845,"__hash__":147846},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145965,"toc":147791},[145966,145972,145979,145985,145987,146043,146048,146053,146058,146061,146080,146083,146085,146109,146127,146138,146140,146143,146196,146198,146206,146208,146226,146231,146234,146291,146293,146302,146305,146325,146328,146334,146339,146341,146384,146386,146394,146397,146438,146440,146449,146455,146461,146488,146490,146498,146503,146507,146519,146562,146564,146572,146577,146583,146588,146592,146594,146637,146640,146687,146689,146698,146705,146709,146712,146758,146763,146767,146769,146812,146815,146823,146825,146830,146832,146834,146853,146856,146868,146870,146889,146891,146899,146903,146905,146956,146959,147034,147036,147044,147047,147051,147053,147100,147103,147174,147176,147184,147190,147192,147267,147271,147350,147352,147360,147366,147372,147377,147382,147431,147435,147506,147509,147514,147525,147528,147539,147549,147551,147556,147581,147586,147667,147669,147694,147696,147701,147704,147710,147719,147725,147728,147734,147740,147747,147750,147752,147788],[10,145967,3740,145969,3744],{"id":145968},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145970,145971],{},"sum()",[20,145973,9284,145974,145976,145977,24908],{},[15,145975,145971],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145978,60122],{},[20,145980,145981,145982,145984],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145983,36213],{}," value and a few important limits.",[142,145986,2165],{"id":2164},[46,145988,145990],{"className":48,"code":145989,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145991,145992,146016,146031],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145993,145994,145996,145998,146000,146002,146004,146006,146008,146010,146012,146014],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145995,62],{"class":61},[55,145997,66],{"class":65},[55,145999,70],{"class":69},[55,146001,74],{"class":73},[55,146003,77],{"class":69},[55,146005,80],{"class":73},[55,146007,77],{"class":69},[55,146009,111],{"class":73},[55,146011,77],{"class":69},[55,146013,85],{"class":73},[55,146015,88],{"class":69},[55,146017,146018,146020,146022,146025,146027,146029],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,146019,41324],{"class":61},[55,146021,66],{"class":65},[55,146023,146024],{"class":120}," sum",[55,146026,103],{"class":69},[55,146028,94],{"class":99},[55,146030,114],{"class":69},[55,146032,146033,146035,146037,146039,146041],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,146034,121],{"class":120},[55,146036,103],{"class":69},[55,146038,41353],{"class":99},[55,146040,3825],{"class":69},[55,146042,26939],{"class":133},[20,146044,31,146045,146047],{},[15,146046,145971],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[142,146049,145,146051,148],{"id":146050},"what-sum-does",[15,146052,145971],{},[20,146054,146055,146057],{},[15,146056,145971],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146059,146060],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[155,146062,146063,146066,146069,146074],{},[158,146064,146065],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[158,146067,146068],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[158,146070,146071,146072],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146073,36337],{},[158,146075,146076,146077,146079],{},"Counting ",[15,146078,3769],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146081,146082],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[142,146084,2319],{"id":2318},[46,146086,146088],{"className":48,"code":146087,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146089,146090],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146091,146092,146095,146097,146099,146101,146103,146105,146107],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146093,146094],{"class":120},"sum",[55,146096,103],{"class":69},[55,146098,3884],{"class":99},[55,146100,77],{"class":69},[55,146102,36192],{"class":9337},[55,146104,66],{"class":65},[55,146106,227],{"class":73},[55,146108,114],{"class":69},[155,146110,146111,146116,146121],{},[158,146112,146113,146115],{},[15,146114,3884],{}," is the group of values to add",[158,146117,146118,146120],{},[15,146119,36213],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[158,146122,146123,146124],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146125,146126],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146128,146129,146130,146133,146134,44],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146131,146132,3884],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[36,146135,146136,24762],{"href":36334},[15,146137,36337],{},[142,146139,11634],{"id":11633},[20,146141,146142],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[46,146144,146146],{"className":48,"code":146145,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146147,146148,146168,146182,146186],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146149,146150,146152,146154,146156,146158,146160,146162,146164,146166],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146151,62],{"class":61},[55,146153,66],{"class":65},[55,146155,70],{"class":69},[55,146157,2297],{"class":73},[55,146159,77],{"class":69},[55,146161,6162],{"class":73},[55,146163,77],{"class":69},[55,146165,38076],{"class":73},[55,146167,88],{"class":69},[55,146169,146170,146172,146174,146176,146178,146180],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,146171,41324],{"class":61},[55,146173,66],{"class":65},[55,146175,146024],{"class":120},[55,146177,103],{"class":69},[55,146179,94],{"class":99},[55,146181,114],{"class":69},[55,146183,146184],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,146185,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,146187,146188,146190,146192,146194],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,146189,121],{"class":120},[55,146191,103],{"class":69},[55,146193,41353],{"class":99},[55,146195,114],{"class":69},[20,146197,302],{},[46,146199,146200],{"className":48,"code":69822,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,146201,146202],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146203,146204],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146205,69822],{"class":73},[20,146207,11840],{},[155,146209,146210,146215,146221],{},[158,146211,146212,146214],{},[15,146213,94],{}," contains three integers",[158,146216,146217,146220],{},[15,146218,146219],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[158,146222,146223,146224],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146225,41353],{},[142,146227,36751,146229,8594],{"id":146228},"using-the-start-value",[15,146230,36213],{},[20,146232,146233],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[46,146235,146237],{"className":48,"code":146236,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146238,146239,146259,146277,146281],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146240,146241,146243,146245,146247,146249,146251,146253,146255,146257],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146242,62],{"class":61},[55,146244,66],{"class":65},[55,146246,70],{"class":69},[55,146248,74],{"class":73},[55,146250,77],{"class":69},[55,146252,80],{"class":73},[55,146254,77],{"class":69},[55,146256,111],{"class":73},[55,146258,88],{"class":69},[55,146260,146261,146263,146265,146267,146269,146271,146273,146275],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,146262,41324],{"class":61},[55,146264,66],{"class":65},[55,146266,146024],{"class":120},[55,146268,103],{"class":69},[55,146270,94],{"class":99},[55,146272,77],{"class":69},[55,146274,6162],{"class":73},[55,146276,114],{"class":69},[55,146278,146279],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,146280,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,146282,146283,146285,146287,146289],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,146284,121],{"class":120},[55,146286,103],{"class":69},[55,146288,41353],{"class":99},[55,146290,114],{"class":69},[20,146292,302],{},[46,146294,146296],{"className":48,"code":146295,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"16\n",[15,146297,146298],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146299,146300],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146301,146295],{"class":73},[20,146303,146304],{},"This works like:",[155,146306,146307,146312,146317,146321],{},[158,146308,146309,146310],{},"Start at ",[15,146311,800],{},[158,146313,146314,146315],{},"Add ",[15,146316,74],{},[158,146318,146314,146319],{},[15,146320,106],{},[158,146322,146314,146323],{},[15,146324,2223],{},[20,146326,146327],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[142,146329,145,146331,146333],{"id":146330},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146332,145971],{}," can work with",[20,146335,146336,146338],{},[15,146337,145971],{}," works with numeric values.",[577,146340,40566],{"id":40565},[46,146342,146344],{"className":48,"code":146343,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146345,146346,146370],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146347,146348,146350,146352,146354,146356,146358,146360,146362,146364,146366,146368],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146349,3986],{"class":61},[55,146351,66],{"class":65},[55,146353,70],{"class":69},[55,146355,74],{"class":73},[55,146357,77],{"class":69},[55,146359,80],{"class":73},[55,146361,77],{"class":69},[55,146363,111],{"class":73},[55,146365,77],{"class":69},[55,146367,85],{"class":73},[55,146369,88],{"class":69},[55,146371,146372,146374,146376,146378,146380,146382],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,146373,121],{"class":120},[55,146375,103],{"class":69},[55,146377,146094],{"class":120},[55,146379,103],{"class":69},[55,146381,5519],{"class":99},[55,146383,1867],{"class":69},[20,146385,302],{},[46,146387,146388],{"className":48,"code":2537,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,146389,146390],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146391,146392],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146393,2537],{"class":73},[577,146395,146396],{"id":52190},"Floats",[46,146398,146400],{"className":48,"code":146399,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146401,146402,146424],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146403,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412,146414,146417,146419,146422],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146405,83030],{"class":61},[55,146407,66],{"class":65},[55,146409,70],{"class":69},[55,146411,41300],{"class":73},[55,146413,77],{"class":69},[55,146415,146416],{"class":73}," 3.75",[55,146418,77],{"class":69},[55,146420,146421],{"class":73}," 1.25",[55,146423,88],{"class":69},[55,146425,146426,146428,146430,146432,146434,146436],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,146427,121],{"class":120},[55,146429,103],{"class":69},[55,146431,146094],{"class":120},[55,146433,103],{"class":69},[55,146435,83066],{"class":99},[55,146437,1867],{"class":69},[20,146439,302],{},[46,146441,146443],{"className":48,"code":146442,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"7.5\n",[15,146444,146445],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146446,146447],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146448,146442],{"class":73},[20,146450,146451,146452,44],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[36,146453,146454],{"href":2580},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[577,146456,146458,146459],{"id":146457},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146460,36337],{},[46,146462,146464],{"className":48,"code":146463,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146465,146466],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146467,146468,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478,146480,146482,146484,146486],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146469,121],{"class":120},[55,146471,103],{"class":69},[55,146473,146094],{"class":120},[55,146475,103],{"class":69},[55,146477,60122],{"class":120},[55,146479,103],{"class":69},[55,146481,74],{"class":73},[55,146483,77],{"class":69},[55,146485,37783],{"class":73},[55,146487,3075],{"class":69},[20,146489,302],{},[46,146491,146492],{"className":48,"code":47184,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,146493,146494],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146495,146496],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146497,47184],{"class":73},[20,146499,113541,146500,44],{},[15,146501,146502],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[577,146504,146506],{"id":146505},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146508,146509,146510,146512,146513,352,146515,146512,146517,44],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146511,3769],{}," acts like ",[15,146514,74],{},[15,146516,3838],{},[15,146518,227],{},[46,146520,146522],{"className":48,"code":146521,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146523,146524,146548],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146525,146526,146528,146530,146532,146534,146536,146538,146540,146542,146544,146546],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146527,52110],{"class":61},[55,146529,66],{"class":65},[55,146531,70],{"class":69},[55,146533,3769],{"class":1312},[55,146535,77],{"class":69},[55,146537,4070],{"class":1312},[55,146539,77],{"class":69},[55,146541,4079],{"class":1312},[55,146543,77],{"class":69},[55,146545,4079],{"class":1312},[55,146547,88],{"class":69},[55,146549,146550,146552,146554,146556,146558,146560],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,146551,121],{"class":120},[55,146553,103],{"class":69},[55,146555,146094],{"class":120},[55,146557,103],{"class":69},[55,146559,52163],{"class":99},[55,146561,1867],{"class":69},[20,146563,302],{},[46,146565,146566],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,146567,146568],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146569,146570],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146571,46760],{"class":73},[20,146573,146574,146575,44],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146576,3769],{},[142,146578,145,146580,146582],{"id":146579},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146581,145971],{}," does not work with",[20,146584,146585,146587],{},[15,146586,145971],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[577,146589,146591],{"id":146590},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146593,2999],{},[46,146595,146597],{"className":48,"code":146596,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146598,146599,146623],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146600,146601,146603,146605,146607,146609,146611,146613,146615,146617,146619,146621],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146602,4234],{"class":61},[55,146604,66],{"class":65},[55,146606,70],{"class":69},[55,146608,248],{"class":247},[55,146610,4009],{"class":251},[55,146612,248],{"class":247},[55,146614,77],{"class":69},[55,146616,258],{"class":247},[55,146618,60715],{"class":251},[55,146620,248],{"class":247},[55,146622,88],{"class":69},[55,146624,146625,146627,146629,146631,146633,146635],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,146626,121],{"class":120},[55,146628,103],{"class":69},[55,146630,146094],{"class":120},[55,146632,103],{"class":69},[55,146634,4276],{"class":99},[55,146636,1867],{"class":69},[20,146638,146639],{},"Use string joining instead:",[46,146641,146643],{"className":48,"code":146642,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146644,146645,146669],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146646,146647,146649,146651,146653,146655,146657,146659,146661,146663,146665,146667],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146648,4234],{"class":61},[55,146650,66],{"class":65},[55,146652,70],{"class":69},[55,146654,248],{"class":247},[55,146656,4009],{"class":251},[55,146658,248],{"class":247},[55,146660,77],{"class":69},[55,146662,258],{"class":247},[55,146664,60715],{"class":251},[55,146666,248],{"class":247},[55,146668,88],{"class":69},[55,146670,146671,146673,146675,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,146672,121],{"class":120},[55,146674,103],{"class":69},[55,146676,6430],{"class":247},[55,146678,44],{"class":69},[55,146680,133496],{"class":99},[55,146682,103],{"class":69},[55,146684,4276],{"class":99},[55,146686,1867],{"class":69},[20,146688,302],{},[46,146690,146692],{"className":48,"code":146691,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"helloworld\n",[15,146693,146694],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146695,146696],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146697,146691],{"class":61},[20,146699,146700,146701,44],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[36,146702,146703,5942],{"href":42317},[15,146704,47827],{},[577,146706,146708],{"id":146707},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146710,146711],{},"This also causes an error:",[46,146713,146715],{"className":48,"code":146714,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146716,146717,146744],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146718,146719,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736,146738,146740,146742],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146720,146721],{"class":61},"lists ",[55,146723,66],{"class":65},[55,146725,56420],{"class":69},[55,146727,74],{"class":73},[55,146729,77],{"class":69},[55,146731,80],{"class":73},[55,146733,1813],{"class":69},[55,146735,70],{"class":69},[55,146737,2223],{"class":73},[55,146739,77],{"class":69},[55,146741,85],{"class":73},[55,146743,53382],{"class":69},[55,146745,146746,146748,146750,146752,146754,146756],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,146747,121],{"class":120},[55,146749,103],{"class":69},[55,146751,146094],{"class":120},[55,146753,103],{"class":69},[55,146755,5460],{"class":99},[55,146757,1867],{"class":69},[20,146759,146760,146762],{},[15,146761,145971],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[577,146764,146766],{"id":146765},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146768,5631],{},[46,146770,146772],{"className":48,"code":146771,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146773,146774,146798],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146775,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146777,3986],{"class":61},[55,146779,66],{"class":65},[55,146781,70],{"class":69},[55,146783,74],{"class":73},[55,146785,77],{"class":69},[55,146787,80],{"class":73},[55,146789,77],{"class":69},[55,146791,258],{"class":247},[55,146793,2223],{"class":251},[55,146795,248],{"class":247},[55,146797,88],{"class":69},[55,146799,146800,146802,146804,146806,146808,146810],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,146801,121],{"class":120},[55,146803,103],{"class":69},[55,146805,146094],{"class":120},[55,146807,103],{"class":69},[55,146809,5519],{"class":99},[55,146811,1867],{"class":69},[20,146813,146814],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146816,146817,146818,146820,146821,44],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146819,66069],{},", convert them first. See ",[36,146822,3126],{"href":3125},[142,146824,41646],{"id":41645},[20,146826,146827,146828,44],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146829,145971],{},[577,146831,6683],{"id":6682},[20,146833,4686],{},[46,146835,146837],{"className":48,"code":146836,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146838,146839],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146840,146841,146843,146845,146847,146849,146851],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146842,121],{"class":120},[55,146844,103],{"class":69},[55,146846,146094],{"class":120},[55,146848,103],{"class":69},[55,146850,2297],{"class":73},[55,146852,1867],{"class":69},[20,146854,146855],{},"Why it fails:",[155,146857,146858,146863],{},[158,146859,146860,146862],{},[15,146861,2297],{}," is a single integer",[158,146864,146865,146867],{},[15,146866,145971],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146869,6713],{},[46,146871,146873],{"className":48,"code":146872,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146874,146875],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146876,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146878,121],{"class":120},[55,146880,103],{"class":69},[55,146882,146094],{"class":120},[55,146884,3149],{"class":69},[55,146886,2297],{"class":73},[55,146888,3162],{"class":69},[20,146890,302],{},[46,146892,146893],{"className":48,"code":3110,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,146894,146895],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146896,146897],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146898,3110],{"class":73},[577,146900,146902],{"id":146901},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146904,4686],{},[46,146906,146908],{"className":48,"code":146907,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146909,146910,146942],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146911,146912,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146913,3986],{"class":61},[55,146915,66],{"class":65},[55,146917,70],{"class":69},[55,146919,248],{"class":247},[55,146921,74],{"class":251},[55,146923,248],{"class":247},[55,146925,77],{"class":69},[55,146927,258],{"class":247},[55,146929,106],{"class":251},[55,146931,248],{"class":247},[55,146933,77],{"class":69},[55,146935,258],{"class":247},[55,146937,2223],{"class":251},[55,146939,248],{"class":247},[55,146941,88],{"class":69},[55,146943,146944,146946,146948,146950,146952,146954],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,146945,121],{"class":120},[55,146947,103],{"class":69},[55,146949,146094],{"class":120},[55,146951,103],{"class":69},[55,146953,5519],{"class":99},[55,146955,1867],{"class":69},[20,146957,146958],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[46,146960,146962],{"className":48,"code":146961,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146963,146964,146996,147024],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146965,146966,146968,146970,146972,146974,146976,146978,146980,146982,146984,146986,146988,146990,146992,146994],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146967,3986],{"class":61},[55,146969,66],{"class":65},[55,146971,70],{"class":69},[55,146973,248],{"class":247},[55,146975,74],{"class":251},[55,146977,248],{"class":247},[55,146979,77],{"class":69},[55,146981,258],{"class":247},[55,146983,106],{"class":251},[55,146985,248],{"class":247},[55,146987,77],{"class":69},[55,146989,258],{"class":247},[55,146991,2223],{"class":251},[55,146993,248],{"class":247},[55,146995,88],{"class":69},[55,146997,146998,147000,147002,147004,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014,147016,147018,147020,147022],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,146999,41324],{"class":61},[55,147001,66],{"class":65},[55,147003,146024],{"class":120},[55,147005,103],{"class":69},[55,147007,2351],{"class":1898},[55,147009,103],{"class":69},[55,147011,2336],{"class":99},[55,147013,3825],{"class":69},[55,147015,4041],{"class":4040},[55,147017,4044],{"class":99},[55,147019,4047],{"class":4040},[55,147021,4050],{"class":99},[55,147023,114],{"class":69},[55,147025,147026,147028,147030,147032],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,147027,121],{"class":120},[55,147029,103],{"class":69},[55,147031,41353],{"class":99},[55,147033,114],{"class":69},[20,147035,302],{},[46,147037,147038],{"className":48,"code":2816,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,147039,147040],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147041,147042],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147043,2816],{"class":73},[20,147045,147046],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[577,147048,147050],{"id":147049},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147052,4686],{},[46,147054,147056],{"className":48,"code":147055,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147057,147058,147086],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147059,147060,147062,147064,147066,147068,147070,147072,147074,147076,147078,147080,147082,147084],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147061,3986],{"class":61},[55,147063,66],{"class":65},[55,147065,70],{"class":69},[55,147067,74],{"class":73},[55,147069,77],{"class":69},[55,147071,80],{"class":73},[55,147073,77],{"class":69},[55,147075,258],{"class":247},[55,147077,2223],{"class":251},[55,147079,248],{"class":247},[55,147081,77],{"class":69},[55,147083,85],{"class":73},[55,147085,88],{"class":69},[55,147087,147088,147090,147092,147094,147096,147098],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,147089,121],{"class":120},[55,147091,103],{"class":69},[55,147093,146094],{"class":120},[55,147095,103],{"class":69},[55,147097,5519],{"class":99},[55,147099,1867],{"class":69},[20,147101,147102],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[46,147104,147106],{"className":48,"code":147105,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147107,147108,147136,147164],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147109,147110,147112,147114,147116,147118,147120,147122,147124,147126,147128,147130,147132,147134],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147111,3986],{"class":61},[55,147113,66],{"class":65},[55,147115,70],{"class":69},[55,147117,74],{"class":73},[55,147119,77],{"class":69},[55,147121,80],{"class":73},[55,147123,77],{"class":69},[55,147125,258],{"class":247},[55,147127,2223],{"class":251},[55,147129,248],{"class":247},[55,147131,77],{"class":69},[55,147133,85],{"class":73},[55,147135,88],{"class":69},[55,147137,147138,147140,147142,147144,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154,147156,147158,147160,147162],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,147139,41324],{"class":61},[55,147141,66],{"class":65},[55,147143,146024],{"class":120},[55,147145,103],{"class":69},[55,147147,2351],{"class":1898},[55,147149,103],{"class":69},[55,147151,2336],{"class":99},[55,147153,3825],{"class":69},[55,147155,4041],{"class":4040},[55,147157,4044],{"class":99},[55,147159,4047],{"class":4040},[55,147161,4050],{"class":99},[55,147163,114],{"class":69},[55,147165,147166,147168,147170,147172],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,147167,121],{"class":120},[55,147169,103],{"class":69},[55,147171,41353],{"class":99},[55,147173,114],{"class":69},[20,147175,302],{},[46,147177,147178],{"className":48,"code":2537,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,147179,147180],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147181,147182],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147183,2537],{"class":73},[577,147185,8578,147187,147189],{"id":147186},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147188,145971],{}," to join text",[20,147191,4686],{},[46,147193,147195],{"className":48,"code":147194,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147196,147197,147253],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147198,147199,147201,147203,147205,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215,147217,147219,147221,147223,147225,147227,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147200,240],{"class":61},[55,147202,66],{"class":65},[55,147204,70],{"class":69},[55,147206,248],{"class":247},[55,147208,134095],{"class":251},[55,147210,248],{"class":247},[55,147212,77],{"class":69},[55,147214,258],{"class":247},[55,147216,11902],{"class":251},[55,147218,248],{"class":247},[55,147220,77],{"class":69},[55,147222,258],{"class":247},[55,147224,63411],{"class":251},[55,147226,248],{"class":247},[55,147228,77],{"class":69},[55,147230,258],{"class":247},[55,147232,60562],{"class":251},[55,147234,248],{"class":247},[55,147236,77],{"class":69},[55,147238,258],{"class":247},[55,147240,60597],{"class":251},[55,147242,248],{"class":247},[55,147244,77],{"class":69},[55,147246,258],{"class":247},[55,147248,76012],{"class":251},[55,147250,248],{"class":247},[55,147252,88],{"class":69},[55,147254,147255,147257,147259,147261,147263,147265],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,147256,121],{"class":120},[55,147258,103],{"class":69},[55,147260,146094],{"class":120},[55,147262,103],{"class":69},[55,147264,270],{"class":99},[55,147266,1867],{"class":69},[20,147268,31,147269,60656],{},[15,147270,133419],{},[46,147272,147274],{"className":48,"code":147273,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147275,147276,147332],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147277,147278,147280,147282,147284,147286,147288,147290,147292,147294,147296,147298,147300,147302,147304,147306,147308,147310,147312,147314,147316,147318,147320,147322,147324,147326,147328,147330],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147279,240],{"class":61},[55,147281,66],{"class":65},[55,147283,70],{"class":69},[55,147285,248],{"class":247},[55,147287,134095],{"class":251},[55,147289,248],{"class":247},[55,147291,77],{"class":69},[55,147293,258],{"class":247},[55,147295,11902],{"class":251},[55,147297,248],{"class":247},[55,147299,77],{"class":69},[55,147301,258],{"class":247},[55,147303,63411],{"class":251},[55,147305,248],{"class":247},[55,147307,77],{"class":69},[55,147309,258],{"class":247},[55,147311,60562],{"class":251},[55,147313,248],{"class":247},[55,147315,77],{"class":69},[55,147317,258],{"class":247},[55,147319,60597],{"class":251},[55,147321,248],{"class":247},[55,147323,77],{"class":69},[55,147325,258],{"class":247},[55,147327,76012],{"class":251},[55,147329,248],{"class":247},[55,147331,88],{"class":69},[55,147333,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342,147344,147346,147348],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,147335,121],{"class":120},[55,147337,103],{"class":69},[55,147339,6430],{"class":247},[55,147341,44],{"class":69},[55,147343,133496],{"class":99},[55,147345,103],{"class":69},[55,147347,270],{"class":99},[55,147349,1867],{"class":69},[20,147351,302],{},[46,147353,147354],{"className":48,"code":134176,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,147355,147356],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147357,147358],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147359,134176],{"class":61},[20,147361,147362,147363,44],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[36,147364,147365],{"href":135257},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[142,147367,147369,147371],{"id":147368},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147370,145971],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147373,147374,147376],{},[15,147375,145971],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[577,147378,8578,147380],{"id":147379},"using-sum",[15,147381,145971],{},[46,147383,147385],{"className":48,"code":147384,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147386,147387,147407,147421],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147388,147389,147391,147393,147395,147397,147399,147401,147403,147405],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147390,62],{"class":61},[55,147392,66],{"class":65},[55,147394,70],{"class":69},[55,147396,2665],{"class":73},[55,147398,77],{"class":69},[55,147400,6151],{"class":73},[55,147402,77],{"class":69},[55,147404,54271],{"class":73},[55,147406,88],{"class":69},[55,147408,147409,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,147410,41324],{"class":61},[55,147412,66],{"class":65},[55,147414,146024],{"class":120},[55,147416,103],{"class":69},[55,147418,94],{"class":99},[55,147420,114],{"class":69},[55,147422,147423,147425,147427,147429],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,147424,121],{"class":120},[55,147426,103],{"class":69},[55,147428,41353],{"class":99},[55,147430,114],{"class":69},[577,147432,147434],{"id":147433},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[46,147436,147438],{"className":48,"code":147437,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147439,147440,147460,147468,147472,147484,147492,147496],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147441,147442,147444,147446,147448,147450,147452,147454,147456,147458],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147443,62],{"class":61},[55,147445,66],{"class":65},[55,147447,70],{"class":69},[55,147449,2665],{"class":73},[55,147451,77],{"class":69},[55,147453,6151],{"class":73},[55,147455,77],{"class":69},[55,147457,54271],{"class":73},[55,147459,88],{"class":69},[55,147461,147462,147464,147466],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,147463,41324],{"class":61},[55,147465,66],{"class":65},[55,147467,38653],{"class":73},[55,147469,147470],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,147471,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,147473,147474,147476,147478,147480,147482],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,147475,6115],{"class":4040},[55,147477,6545],{"class":61},[55,147479,4047],{"class":4040},[55,147481,1260],{"class":61},[55,147483,6552],{"class":69},[55,147485,147486,147488,147490],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,147487,90089],{"class":61},[55,147489,90092],{"class":65},[55,147491,90095],{"class":61},[55,147493,147494],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,147495,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,147497,147498,147500,147502,147504],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,147499,121],{"class":120},[55,147501,103],{"class":69},[55,147503,41353],{"class":99},[55,147505,114],{"class":69},[20,147507,147508],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147510,2649,147511,147513],{},[15,147512,145971],{}," is often better:",[155,147515,147516,147519,147522],{},[158,147517,147518],{},"Shorter code",[158,147520,147521],{},"Easier to read",[158,147523,147524],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147526,147527],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[155,147529,147530,147533,147536],{},[158,147531,147532],{},"You need to skip some values",[158,147534,147535],{},"You need extra checks",[158,147537,147538],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147540,147541,147542,147545,147546,147548],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[36,147543,147544],{"href":40149},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147547,145971],{}," on the filtered result.",[142,147550,2992],{"id":2991},[20,147552,147553,147554,153],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147555,145971],{},[155,147557,147558,147564,147571,147578],{},[158,147559,147560,147561],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147562,147563],{},"sum(5)",[158,147565,147566,147567,147570],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147568,147569],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[158,147572,8578,147573,147575,147576],{},[15,147574,145971],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147577,133419],{},[158,147579,147580],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147582,1833,147583,147585],{},[15,147584,145971],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[46,147587,147589],{"className":48,"code":147588,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147590,147591,147601,147615,147639],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147592,147593,147595,147597,147599],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147594,121],{"class":120},[55,147596,103],{"class":69},[55,147598,5519],{"class":99},[55,147600,114],{"class":69},[55,147602,147603,147605,147607,147609,147611,147613],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,147604,121],{"class":120},[55,147606,103],{"class":69},[55,147608,1910],{"class":1898},[55,147610,103],{"class":69},[55,147612,5519],{"class":99},[55,147614,1867],{"class":69},[55,147616,147617,147619,147621,147623,147625,147627,147629,147631,147633,147635,147637],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,147618,121],{"class":120},[55,147620,3149],{"class":69},[55,147622,1910],{"class":1898},[55,147624,103],{"class":69},[55,147626,2336],{"class":99},[55,147628,3825],{"class":69},[55,147630,4041],{"class":4040},[55,147632,4044],{"class":99},[55,147634,4047],{"class":4040},[55,147636,4050],{"class":99},[55,147638,1777],{"class":69},[55,147640,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649,147651,147653,147655,147657,147659,147661,147663,147665],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,147642,121],{"class":120},[55,147644,103],{"class":69},[55,147646,146094],{"class":120},[55,147648,3149],{"class":69},[55,147650,2351],{"class":1898},[55,147652,103],{"class":69},[55,147654,2336],{"class":99},[55,147656,3825],{"class":69},[55,147658,4041],{"class":4040},[55,147660,4044],{"class":99},[55,147662,4047],{"class":4040},[55,147664,4050],{"class":99},[55,147666,3162],{"class":69},[20,147668,135990],{},[155,147670,147671,147677,147683,147688],{},[158,147672,147673,147676],{},[15,147674,147675],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[158,147678,147679,147682],{},[15,147680,147681],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[158,147684,147685,136012],{},[15,147686,147687],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[158,147689,147690,147693],{},[15,147691,147692],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[142,147695,1986],{"id":1985},[577,147697,5303,147699,5306],{"id":147698},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147700,145971],{},[20,147702,147703],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[577,147705,2009,147707,147709],{"id":147706},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147708,145971],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147711,30415,147712,3041,147715,147718],{},[15,147713,147714],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147716,147717],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[577,147720,2009,147722,147724],{"id":147721},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147723,145971],{}," work with floats?",[20,147726,147727],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[577,147729,147731,147732,2027],{"id":147730},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147733,145971],{},[20,147735,147736,147737,147739],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147738,36213],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[577,147741,5319,147743,119375,147745,2027],{"id":147742},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147744,145971],{},[15,147746,3168],{},[20,147748,147749],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[142,147751,2039],{"id":2038},[155,147753,147754,147758,147764,147770,147776,147780,147784],{},[158,147755,147756],{},[36,147757,146454],{"href":2580},[158,147759,147760],{},[36,147761,3740,147762,3673],{"href":36334},[15,147763,36337],{},[158,147765,147766],{},[36,147767,3740,147768,3673],{"href":42500},[15,147769,42503],{},[158,147771,147772],{},[36,147773,3740,147774,3673],{"href":42317},[15,147775,47827],{},[158,147777,147778],{},[36,147779,5381],{"href":40149},[158,147781,147782],{},[36,147783,3690],{"href":3125},[158,147785,147786],{},[36,147787,147365],{"href":135257},[2080,147789,147790],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":147792},[147793,147794,147796,147797,147798,147800,147808,147814,147821,147827,147828,147840],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":146050,"depth":91,"text":147795},"What sum() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":146228,"depth":91,"text":147799},"Using the start value",{"id":146330,"depth":91,"text":147801,"children":147802},"What sum() can work with",[147803,147804,147805,147807],{"id":40565,"depth":117,"text":40566},{"id":52190,"depth":117,"text":146396},{"id":146457,"depth":117,"text":147806},"Values from range()",{"id":146505,"depth":117,"text":146506},{"id":146579,"depth":91,"text":147809,"children":147810},"What sum() does not work with",[147811,147812,147813],{"id":146590,"depth":117,"text":146591},{"id":146707,"depth":117,"text":146708},{"id":146765,"depth":117,"text":146766},{"id":41645,"depth":91,"text":41646,"children":147815},[147816,147817,147818,147819],{"id":6682,"depth":117,"text":6683},{"id":146901,"depth":117,"text":146902},{"id":147049,"depth":117,"text":147050},{"id":147186,"depth":117,"text":147820},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147368,"depth":91,"text":147822,"children":147823},"sum() vs manual loop",[147824,147826],{"id":147379,"depth":117,"text":147825},"Using sum()",{"id":147433,"depth":117,"text":147434},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":147829},[147830,147832,147834,147836,147838],{"id":147698,"depth":117,"text":147831},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147706,"depth":117,"text":147833},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147721,"depth":117,"text":147835},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147730,"depth":117,"text":147837},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147742,"depth":117,"text":147839},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145963,"description":147841},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147848,"title":147849,"body":147850,"description":149252,"extension":2124,"meta":149253,"navigation":428,"path":149254,"seo":149255,"stem":149256,"__hash__":149257},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147851,"toc":149220},[147852,147858,147864,147867,147930,147936,147941,147945,147962,147976,147980,148000,148014,148016,148109,148111,148125,148127,148130,148219,148221,148229,148238,148240,148244,148265,148267,148359,148361,148382,148384,148388,148402,148404,148478,148480,148499,148503,148506,148529,148531,148642,148649,148657,148659,148665,148668,148711,148714,148737,148745,148749,148824,148830,148855,148862,148865,148868,148872,148877,148965,148973,148977,148980,149005,149009,149070,149074,149123,149133,149135,149140,149143,149149,149152,149156,149160,149166,149169,149177,149185,149187,149217],[10,147853,147855,147856,18],{"id":147854},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147857,57413],{},[20,147859,147860,147863],{},[15,147861,147862],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147865,147866],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[46,147868,147870],{"className":48,"code":147869,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147871,147872,147900,147918],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147873,147874,147876,147878,147880,147882,147884,147886,147888,147890,147892,147894,147896,147898],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147875,62],{"class":61},[55,147877,66],{"class":65},[55,147879,9398],{"class":69},[55,147881,74],{"class":73},[55,147883,77],{"class":69},[55,147885,80],{"class":73},[55,147887,77],{"class":69},[55,147889,80],{"class":73},[55,147891,77],{"class":69},[55,147893,111],{"class":73},[55,147895,77],{"class":69},[55,147897,80],{"class":73},[55,147899,114],{"class":69},[55,147901,147902,147904,147906,147908,147910,147912,147914,147916],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,147903,1255],{"class":61},[55,147905,66],{"class":65},[55,147907,1260],{"class":61},[55,147909,44],{"class":69},[55,147911,41401],{"class":99},[55,147913,103],{"class":69},[55,147915,106],{"class":73},[55,147917,114],{"class":69},[55,147919,147920,147922,147924,147926,147928],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,147921,121],{"class":120},[55,147923,103],{"class":69},[55,147925,1288],{"class":99},[55,147927,3825],{"class":69},[55,147929,50915],{"class":133},[20,147931,31,147932,147935],{},[15,147933,147934],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[142,147937,145,147939,148],{"id":147938},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147940,147862],{},[20,147942,147943,153],{},[15,147944,147934],{},[155,147946,147947,147953,147956,147959],{},[158,147948,147949,147950,147952],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147951,2633],{}," appears in the tuple",[158,147954,147955],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[158,147957,147958],{},"Returns an integer",[158,147960,147961],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147963,147964,147965,147967,147968,3041,147972,44],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147966,57413],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[36,147969,147971],{"href":147970},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[36,147973,147975],{"href":147974},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[142,147977,147979],{"id":147978},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[46,147981,147983],{"className":48,"code":147982,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147984,147985],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147986,147987,147990,147992,147994,147996,147998],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147988,147989],{"class":61},"my_tuple",[55,147991,44],{"class":69},[55,147993,41401],{"class":99},[55,147995,103],{"class":69},[55,147997,2633],{"class":99},[55,147999,114],{"class":69},[155,148001,148002,148006,148009],{},[158,148003,148004,57578],{},[15,148005,2633],{},[158,148007,148008],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[158,148010,148011,148012],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148013,227],{},[577,148015,103090],{"id":103089},[46,148017,148019],{"className":48,"code":148018,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148020,148021,148061,148085],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148022,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035,148037,148039,148041,148043,148045,148047,148049,148051,148053,148055,148057,148059],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148024,372],{"class":61},[55,148026,66],{"class":65},[55,148028,9398],{"class":69},[55,148030,248],{"class":247},[55,148032,381],{"class":251},[55,148034,248],{"class":247},[55,148036,77],{"class":69},[55,148038,258],{"class":247},[55,148040,390],{"class":251},[55,148042,248],{"class":247},[55,148044,77],{"class":69},[55,148046,258],{"class":247},[55,148048,381],{"class":251},[55,148050,248],{"class":247},[55,148052,77],{"class":69},[55,148054,258],{"class":247},[55,148056,399],{"class":251},[55,148058,248],{"class":247},[55,148060,114],{"class":69},[55,148062,148063,148065,148067,148069,148071,148073,148075,148077,148079,148081,148083],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,148064,121],{"class":120},[55,148066,103],{"class":69},[55,148068,434],{"class":99},[55,148070,44],{"class":69},[55,148072,41401],{"class":99},[55,148074,103],{"class":69},[55,148076,248],{"class":247},[55,148078,381],{"class":251},[55,148080,248],{"class":247},[55,148082,5522],{"class":69},[55,148084,57768],{"class":133},[55,148086,148087,148089,148091,148093,148095,148097,148099,148101,148103,148105,148107],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,148088,121],{"class":120},[55,148090,103],{"class":69},[55,148092,434],{"class":99},[55,148094,44],{"class":69},[55,148096,41401],{"class":99},[55,148098,103],{"class":69},[55,148100,248],{"class":247},[55,148102,449],{"class":251},[55,148104,248],{"class":247},[55,148106,5522],{"class":69},[55,148108,51391],{"class":133},[20,148110,20104],{},[155,148112,148113,148118],{},[158,148114,148115,148117],{},[15,148116,65517],{}," appears 2 times",[158,148119,148120,148122,148123],{},[15,148121,109786],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148124,227],{},[142,148126,11634],{"id":11633},[20,148128,148129],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[46,148131,148133],{"className":48,"code":148132,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148134,148135,148183,148187,148209],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148136,148137,148139,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157,148159,148161,148163,148165,148167,148169,148171,148173,148175,148177,148179,148181],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148138,36378],{"class":61},[55,148140,66],{"class":65},[55,148142,9398],{"class":69},[55,148144,248],{"class":247},[55,148146,1035],{"class":251},[55,148148,248],{"class":247},[55,148150,77],{"class":69},[55,148152,258],{"class":247},[55,148154,1072],{"class":251},[55,148156,248],{"class":247},[55,148158,77],{"class":69},[55,148160,258],{"class":247},[55,148162,1035],{"class":251},[55,148164,248],{"class":247},[55,148166,77],{"class":69},[55,148168,258],{"class":247},[55,148170,1044],{"class":251},[55,148172,248],{"class":247},[55,148174,77],{"class":69},[55,148176,258],{"class":247},[55,148178,1035],{"class":251},[55,148180,248],{"class":247},[55,148182,114],{"class":69},[55,148184,148185],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,148186,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,148188,148189,148191,148193,148195,148197,148199,148201,148203,148205,148207],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,148190,1255],{"class":61},[55,148192,66],{"class":65},[55,148194,52993],{"class":61},[55,148196,44],{"class":69},[55,148198,41401],{"class":99},[55,148200,103],{"class":69},[55,148202,248],{"class":247},[55,148204,1035],{"class":251},[55,148206,248],{"class":247},[55,148208,114],{"class":69},[55,148210,148211,148213,148215,148217],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,148212,121],{"class":120},[55,148214,103],{"class":69},[55,148216,1288],{"class":99},[55,148218,114],{"class":69},[20,148220,302],{},[46,148222,148223],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,148224,148225],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148226,148227],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148228,46760],{"class":73},[20,148230,148231,148233,148234,2558,148236,44],{},[15,148232,57956],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148235,57413],{},[15,148237,2223],{},[142,148239,38160],{"id":38159},[20,148241,57667,148242,128725],{},[15,148243,57413],{},[155,148245,148246,148251,148256,148259],{},[158,148247,169,148248,148250],{},[15,148249,227],{}," when the value does not exist",[158,148252,169,148253,148255],{},[15,148254,74],{}," when the value appears once",[158,148257,148258],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[158,148260,148261,148262,148264],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148263,7157],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148266,230],{},[46,148268,148270],{"className":48,"code":148269,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148271,148272,148313,148317,148344],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148273,148274,148277,148279,148281,148283,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301,148303,148305,148307,148309,148311],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148275,148276],{"class":61},"answers ",[55,148278,66],{"class":65},[55,148280,9398],{"class":69},[55,148282,248],{"class":247},[55,148284,8819],{"class":251},[55,148286,248],{"class":247},[55,148288,77],{"class":69},[55,148290,258],{"class":247},[55,148292,8758],{"class":251},[55,148294,248],{"class":247},[55,148296,77],{"class":69},[55,148298,258],{"class":247},[55,148300,8819],{"class":251},[55,148302,248],{"class":247},[55,148304,77],{"class":69},[55,148306,258],{"class":247},[55,148308,8819],{"class":251},[55,148310,248],{"class":247},[55,148312,114],{"class":69},[55,148314,148315],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,148316,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,148318,148319,148321,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334,148336,148338,148340,148342],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,148320,7157],{"class":4040},[55,148322,148323],{"class":61}," answers",[55,148325,44],{"class":69},[55,148327,41401],{"class":99},[55,148329,103],{"class":69},[55,148331,248],{"class":247},[55,148333,8819],{"class":251},[55,148335,248],{"class":247},[55,148337,3825],{"class":69},[55,148339,38536],{"class":65},[55,148341,630],{"class":73},[55,148343,6552],{"class":69},[55,148345,148346,148348,148350,148352,148355,148357],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,148347,8230],{"class":120},[55,148349,103],{"class":69},[55,148351,248],{"class":247},[55,148353,148354],{"class":251},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[55,148356,248],{"class":247},[55,148358,114],{"class":69},[20,148360,302],{},[46,148362,148364],{"className":48,"code":148363,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148365,148366],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148367,148368,148371,148373,148375,148377,148380],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148369,148370],{"class":61},"The answer ",[55,148372,315],{"class":247},[55,148374,8819],{"class":251},[55,148376,315],{"class":247},[55,148378,148379],{"class":61}," appears more than once",[55,148381,122369],{"class":69},[142,148383,41187],{"id":41186},[20,148385,35547,148386,104553],{},[15,148387,147862],{},[155,148389,148390,148393,148396,148399],{},[158,148391,148392],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[158,148394,148395],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[158,148397,148398],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[158,148400,148401],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148403,230],{},[46,148405,148407],{"className":48,"code":148406,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148408,148409,148437,148441,148463],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148410,148411,148413,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423,148425,148427,148429,148431,148433,148435],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148412,5224],{"class":61},[55,148414,66],{"class":65},[55,148416,9398],{"class":69},[55,148418,800],{"class":73},[55,148420,77],{"class":69},[55,148422,7951],{"class":73},[55,148424,77],{"class":69},[55,148426,6162],{"class":73},[55,148428,77],{"class":69},[55,148430,7956],{"class":73},[55,148432,77],{"class":69},[55,148434,6162],{"class":73},[55,148436,114],{"class":69},[55,148438,148439],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,148440,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,148442,148443,148445,148447,148449,148451,148453,148455,148457,148459,148461],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,148444,7157],{"class":4040},[55,148446,5271],{"class":61},[55,148448,44],{"class":69},[55,148450,41401],{"class":99},[55,148452,103],{"class":69},[55,148454,800],{"class":73},[55,148456,3825],{"class":69},[55,148458,51432],{"class":65},[55,148460,80],{"class":73},[55,148462,6552],{"class":69},[55,148464,148465,148467,148469,148471,148474,148476],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,148466,8230],{"class":120},[55,148468,103],{"class":69},[55,148470,248],{"class":247},[55,148472,148473],{"class":251},"The score 10 is repeated.",[55,148475,248],{"class":247},[55,148477,114],{"class":69},[20,148479,302],{},[46,148481,148483],{"className":48,"code":148482,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148484,148485],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148486,148487,148490,148492,148494,148497],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148488,148489],{"class":61},"The score ",[55,148491,800],{"class":73},[55,148493,8257],{"class":65},[55,148495,148496],{"class":61}," repeated",[55,148498,122369],{"class":69},[142,148500,148502],{"id":148501},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148504,148505],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[155,148507,148508,148514,148519,148522],{},[158,148509,148510,148511,148513],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148512,57413],{}," still works because it only reads data",[158,148515,148516,148518],{},[15,148517,57413],{}," counts exact matches",[158,148520,148521],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[158,148523,148524,352,148526,148528],{},[15,148525,74],{},[15,148527,42300],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148530,230],{},[46,148532,148534],{"className":48,"code":148533,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148535,148536,148570,148574,148594,148618],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148537,148538,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548,148551,148553,148555,148558,148560,148562,148564,148566,148568],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148539,3986],{"class":61},[55,148541,66],{"class":65},[55,148543,9398],{"class":69},[55,148545,74],{"class":73},[55,148547,77],{"class":69},[55,148549,148550],{"class":73}," 1.0",[55,148552,77],{"class":69},[55,148554,258],{"class":247},[55,148556,148557],{"class":251},"Cat",[55,148559,248],{"class":247},[55,148561,77],{"class":69},[55,148563,258],{"class":247},[55,148565,37186],{"class":251},[55,148567,248],{"class":247},[55,148569,114],{"class":69},[55,148571,148572],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,148573,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,148575,148576,148578,148580,148582,148584,148586,148588,148590,148592],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,148577,121],{"class":120},[55,148579,103],{"class":69},[55,148581,5519],{"class":99},[55,148583,44],{"class":69},[55,148585,41401],{"class":99},[55,148587,103],{"class":69},[55,148589,74],{"class":73},[55,148591,5522],{"class":69},[55,148593,51238],{"class":133},[55,148595,148596,148598,148600,148602,148604,148606,148608,148610,148612,148614,148616],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,148597,121],{"class":120},[55,148599,103],{"class":69},[55,148601,5519],{"class":99},[55,148603,44],{"class":69},[55,148605,41401],{"class":99},[55,148607,103],{"class":69},[55,148609,248],{"class":247},[55,148611,148557],{"class":251},[55,148613,248],{"class":247},[55,148615,5522],{"class":69},[55,148617,27924],{"class":133},[55,148619,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628,148630,148632,148634,148636,148638,148640],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,148621,121],{"class":120},[55,148623,103],{"class":69},[55,148625,5519],{"class":99},[55,148627,44],{"class":69},[55,148629,41401],{"class":99},[55,148631,103],{"class":69},[55,148633,248],{"class":247},[55,148635,37186],{"class":251},[55,148637,248],{"class":247},[55,148639,5522],{"class":69},[55,148641,27924],{"class":133},[20,148643,5319,148644,5322,148647,2027],{},[15,148645,148646],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148648,106],{},[20,148650,8947,148651,4944,148654,148656],{},[15,148652,148653],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148655,3769],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[142,148658,2992],{"id":2991},[577,148660,8578,148662,148664],{"id":148661},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148663,41401],{}," without parentheses",[20,148666,148667],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[46,148669,148671],{"className":48,"code":148670,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148672,148673,148697],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148674,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687,148689,148691,148693,148695],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148676,62],{"class":61},[55,148678,66],{"class":65},[55,148680,9398],{"class":69},[55,148682,74],{"class":73},[55,148684,77],{"class":69},[55,148686,80],{"class":73},[55,148688,77],{"class":69},[55,148690,80],{"class":73},[55,148692,77],{"class":69},[55,148694,111],{"class":73},[55,148696,114],{"class":69},[55,148698,148699,148701,148703,148705,148707,148709],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,148700,121],{"class":120},[55,148702,103],{"class":69},[55,148704,94],{"class":99},[55,148706,44],{"class":69},[55,148708,41401],{"class":1880},[55,148710,114],{"class":69},[20,148712,148713],{},"To call the method correctly:",[46,148715,148717],{"className":48,"code":148716,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148718,148719],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148720,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729,148731,148733,148735],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148722,121],{"class":120},[55,148724,103],{"class":69},[55,148726,94],{"class":99},[55,148728,44],{"class":69},[55,148730,41401],{"class":99},[55,148732,103],{"class":69},[55,148734,106],{"class":73},[55,148736,1867],{"class":69},[577,148738,1553,148739,8616,148741,3041,148743],{"id":58716},[15,148740,57413],{},[15,148742,3769],{},[15,148744,3838],{},[20,148746,148747,58727],{},[15,148748,57413],{},[46,148750,148752],{"className":48,"code":148751,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148753,148754,148786,148808,148812],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148755,148756,148758,148760,148762,148764,148766,148768,148770,148772,148774,148776,148778,148780,148782,148784],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148757,240],{"class":61},[55,148759,66],{"class":65},[55,148761,9398],{"class":69},[55,148763,248],{"class":247},[55,148765,36],{"class":251},[55,148767,248],{"class":247},[55,148769,77],{"class":69},[55,148771,258],{"class":247},[55,148773,285],{"class":251},[55,148775,248],{"class":247},[55,148777,77],{"class":69},[55,148779,258],{"class":247},[55,148781,36],{"class":251},[55,148783,248],{"class":247},[55,148785,114],{"class":69},[55,148787,148788,148790,148792,148794,148796,148798,148800,148802,148804,148806],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,148789,1255],{"class":61},[55,148791,66],{"class":65},[55,148793,70078],{"class":61},[55,148795,44],{"class":69},[55,148797,41401],{"class":99},[55,148799,103],{"class":69},[55,148801,248],{"class":247},[55,148803,36],{"class":251},[55,148805,248],{"class":247},[55,148807,114],{"class":69},[55,148809,148810],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,148811,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,148813,148814,148816,148818,148820,148822],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,148815,121],{"class":120},[55,148817,103],{"class":69},[55,148819,1288],{"class":99},[55,148821,3825],{"class":69},[55,148823,51559],{"class":133},[20,148825,148826,148827,148829],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148828,4047],{}," is often simpler:",[46,148831,148833],{"className":48,"code":148832,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148834,148835],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148836,148837,148839,148841,148843,148845,148847,148849,148851,148853],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148838,121],{"class":120},[55,148840,103],{"class":69},[55,148842,248],{"class":247},[55,148844,36],{"class":251},[55,148846,248],{"class":247},[55,148848,21320],{"class":4040},[55,148850,70078],{"class":99},[55,148852,3825],{"class":69},[55,148854,3828],{"class":133},[577,148856,37343,148858,8866,148860],{"id":148857},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148859,147862],{},[15,148861,57418],{},[20,148863,148864],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148866,148867],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[577,148869,148871],{"id":148870},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148873,148874,148876],{},[15,148875,57413],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[46,148878,148880],{"className":48,"code":148879,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148881,148882,148915,148941],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148883,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894,148896,148898,148900,148903,148905,148907,148909,148911,148913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148885,4234],{"class":61},[55,148887,66],{"class":65},[55,148889,9398],{"class":69},[55,148891,248],{"class":247},[55,148893,1035],{"class":251},[55,148895,248],{"class":247},[55,148897,77],{"class":69},[55,148899,258],{"class":247},[55,148901,148902],{"class":251},"pineapple",[55,148904,248],{"class":247},[55,148906,77],{"class":69},[55,148908,258],{"class":247},[55,148910,1035],{"class":251},[55,148912,248],{"class":247},[55,148914,114],{"class":69},[55,148916,148917,148919,148921,148923,148925,148927,148929,148931,148934,148936,148938],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,148918,121],{"class":120},[55,148920,103],{"class":69},[55,148922,4276],{"class":99},[55,148924,44],{"class":69},[55,148926,41401],{"class":99},[55,148928,103],{"class":69},[55,148930,248],{"class":247},[55,148932,148933],{"class":251},"app",[55,148935,248],{"class":247},[55,148937,5522],{"class":69},[55,148939,148940],{"class":133},"    # 0\n",[55,148942,148943,148945,148947,148949,148951,148953,148955,148957,148959,148961,148963],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,148944,121],{"class":120},[55,148946,103],{"class":69},[55,148948,4276],{"class":99},[55,148950,44],{"class":69},[55,148952,41401],{"class":99},[55,148954,103],{"class":69},[55,148956,248],{"class":247},[55,148958,1035],{"class":251},[55,148960,248],{"class":247},[55,148962,5522],{"class":69},[55,148964,51559],{"class":133},[20,148966,148967,148970,148971,44],{},[15,148968,148969],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148972,227],{},[142,148974,148976],{"id":148975},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148978,148979],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[155,148981,148982,148987,148996,149002],{},[158,148983,31,148984,148986],{},[15,148985,4047],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[158,148988,31,148989,148995],{},[36,148990,148992,148993],{"href":148991},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148994,59091],{}," to find the position of a value",[158,148997,31,148998,149001],{},[15,148999,149000],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[158,149003,149004],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149006,46183,149007,153],{},[15,149008,4047],{},[46,149010,149012],{"className":48,"code":149011,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149013,149014,149034,149038,149054],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149015,149016,149018,149020,149022,149024,149026,149028,149030,149032],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149017,62],{"class":61},[55,149019,66],{"class":65},[55,149021,9398],{"class":69},[55,149023,2665],{"class":73},[55,149025,77],{"class":69},[55,149027,6151],{"class":73},[55,149029,77],{"class":69},[55,149031,54271],{"class":73},[55,149033,114],{"class":69},[55,149035,149036],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,149037,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,149039,149040,149042,149044,149046,149048,149050,149052],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,149041,121],{"class":120},[55,149043,103],{"class":69},[55,149045,2186],{"class":73},[55,149047,21320],{"class":4040},[55,149049,1260],{"class":99},[55,149051,3825],{"class":69},[55,149053,43997],{"class":133},[55,149055,149056,149058,149060,149062,149064,149066,149068],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,149057,121],{"class":120},[55,149059,103],{"class":69},[55,149061,2297],{"class":73},[55,149063,21320],{"class":4040},[55,149065,1260],{"class":99},[55,149067,3825],{"class":69},[55,149069,44014],{"class":133},[20,149071,46183,149072,153],{},[15,149073,59091],{},[46,149075,149077],{"className":48,"code":149076,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149078,149079,149103],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149080,149081,149083,149085,149087,149089,149091,149093,149095,149097,149099,149101],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149082,62],{"class":61},[55,149084,66],{"class":65},[55,149086,9398],{"class":69},[55,149088,2665],{"class":73},[55,149090,77],{"class":69},[55,149092,6151],{"class":73},[55,149094,77],{"class":69},[55,149096,54271],{"class":73},[55,149098,77],{"class":69},[55,149100,6151],{"class":73},[55,149102,114],{"class":69},[55,149104,149105,149107,149109,149111,149113,149115,149117,149119,149121],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,149106,121],{"class":120},[55,149108,103],{"class":69},[55,149110,94],{"class":99},[55,149112,44],{"class":69},[55,149114,201],{"class":99},[55,149116,103],{"class":69},[55,149118,2186],{"class":73},[55,149120,5522],{"class":69},[55,149122,27924],{"class":133},[20,149124,149125,149127,149128,149130,149132],{},[15,149126,57413],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10008,149129],{},[15,149131,59091],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[142,149134,1986],{"id":1985},[577,149136,5303,149138,5306],{"id":149137},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149139,147862],{},[20,149141,149142],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[577,149144,1990,149146,149148],{"id":149145},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149147,147862],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149150,149151],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[577,149153,149155],{"id":149154},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149157,12067,149158,44],{},[15,149159,227],{},[577,149161,2009,149163,149165],{"id":149162},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149164,147862],{}," count strings?",[20,149167,149168],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[577,149170,2022,149172,352,149174,2027],{"id":149171},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149173,147862],{},[15,149175,149176],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149178,149179,149181,149182,149184],{},[15,149180,57413],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149183,59091],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[142,149186,2039],{"id":2038},[155,149188,149189,149193,149198,149205,149213],{},[158,149190,149191],{},[36,149192,147971],{"href":147970},[158,149194,149195],{},[36,149196,149197],{"href":147974},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[158,149199,149200],{},[36,149201,149202,149203,43],{"href":148991},"Python tuple ",[15,149204,59091],{},[158,149206,149207],{},[36,149208,149210,149211],{"href":149209},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149212,42503],{},[158,149214,149215],{},[36,149216,59079],{"href":59078},[2080,149218,149219],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":149221},[149222,149224,149227,149228,149229,149230,149231,149239,149240,149251],{"id":147938,"depth":91,"text":149223},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147978,"depth":91,"text":147979,"children":149225},[149226],{"id":103089,"depth":117,"text":103090},{"id":11633,"depth":91,"text":11634},{"id":38159,"depth":91,"text":38160},{"id":41186,"depth":91,"text":41187},{"id":148501,"depth":91,"text":148502},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":149232},[149233,149235,149236,149238],{"id":148661,"depth":117,"text":149234},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58716,"depth":117,"text":59132},{"id":148857,"depth":117,"text":149237},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148870,"depth":117,"text":148871},{"id":148975,"depth":91,"text":148976},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":149241},[149242,149244,149246,149247,149249],{"id":149137,"depth":117,"text":149243},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149145,"depth":117,"text":149245},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149154,"depth":117,"text":149155},{"id":149162,"depth":117,"text":149248},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149171,"depth":117,"text":149250},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147849,"description":149252},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149259,"title":149260,"body":149261,"description":150948,"extension":2124,"meta":150949,"navigation":428,"path":150950,"seo":150951,"stem":150952,"__hash__":150953},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149262,"toc":150911},[149263,149266,149269,149278,149280,149410,149412,149473,149479,149481,149501,149505,149508,149511,149546,149548,149569,149572,149611,149613,149638,149645,149649,149652,149689,149691,149714,149717,149720,149732,149738,149742,149745,149751,149792,149794,149817,149820,149861,149863,149890,149892,149909,149911,149928,149931,149935,149938,149940,149974,149976,150023,150027,150066,150070,150073,150130,150132,150173,150179,150185,150190,150192,150229,150231,150251,150253,150286,150288,150321,150324,150328,150361,150363,150388,150391,150393,150407,150414,150416,150419,150423,150426,150461,150464,150499,150503,150506,150545,150548,150587,150591,150593,150623,150626,150633,150635,150667,150670,150702,150705,150736,150738,150755,150759,150762,150826,150828,150832,150839,150843,150846,150850,150853,150857,150860,150865,150871,150873,150908],[10,149264,149260],{"id":149265},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149267,149268],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149270,149271,149272,3041,149276,44],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[36,149273,149275],{"href":149274},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[36,149277,147971],{"href":147970},[142,149279,2165],{"id":2164},[46,149281,149283],{"className":48,"code":149282,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149284,149285,149305,149314,149328,149364,149368,149378,149388,149399],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149286,149287,149289,149291,149293,149295,149297,149299,149301,149303],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149288,62],{"class":61},[55,149290,66],{"class":65},[55,149292,9398],{"class":69},[55,149294,74],{"class":73},[55,149296,77],{"class":69},[55,149298,80],{"class":73},[55,149300,77],{"class":69},[55,149302,111],{"class":73},[55,149304,114],{"class":69},[55,149306,149307,149309,149311],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,149308,124835],{"class":61},[55,149310,66],{"class":65},[55,149312,149313],{"class":69}," ()\n",[55,149315,149316,149319,149321,149323,149325],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,149317,149318],{"class":61},"one_item ",[55,149320,66],{"class":65},[55,149322,9398],{"class":69},[55,149324,2297],{"class":73},[55,149326,149327],{"class":69},",)\n",[55,149329,149330,149333,149335,149338,149340,149342,149344,149346,149348,149350,149352,149354,149356,149358,149360,149362],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,149331,149332],{"class":61},"from_list ",[55,149334,66],{"class":65},[55,149336,149337],{"class":1898}," tuple",[55,149339,3149],{"class":69},[55,149341,248],{"class":247},[55,149343,36],{"class":251},[55,149345,248],{"class":247},[55,149347,77],{"class":69},[55,149349,258],{"class":247},[55,149351,285],{"class":251},[55,149353,248],{"class":247},[55,149355,77],{"class":69},[55,149357,258],{"class":247},[55,149359,261],{"class":251},[55,149361,248],{"class":247},[55,149363,1777],{"class":69},[55,149365,149366],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,149367,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,149369,149370,149372,149374,149376],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,149371,121],{"class":120},[55,149373,103],{"class":69},[55,149375,94],{"class":99},[55,149377,114],{"class":69},[55,149379,149380,149382,149384,149386],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,149381,121],{"class":120},[55,149383,103],{"class":69},[55,149385,124886],{"class":99},[55,149387,114],{"class":69},[55,149389,149390,149392,149394,149397],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,149391,121],{"class":120},[55,149393,103],{"class":69},[55,149395,149396],{"class":99},"one_item",[55,149398,114],{"class":69},[55,149400,149401,149403,149405,149408],{"class":57,"line":6590},[55,149402,121],{"class":120},[55,149404,103],{"class":69},[55,149406,149407],{"class":99},"from_list",[55,149409,114],{"class":69},[20,149411,302],{},[46,149413,149415],{"className":48,"code":149414,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149416,149417,149433,149437,149445],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149418,149419,149421,149423,149425,149427,149429,149431],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149420,103],{"class":69},[55,149422,74],{"class":73},[55,149424,77],{"class":69},[55,149426,80],{"class":73},[55,149428,77],{"class":69},[55,149430,111],{"class":73},[55,149432,114],{"class":69},[55,149434,149435],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,149436,8804],{"class":69},[55,149438,149439,149441,149443],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,149440,103],{"class":69},[55,149442,2297],{"class":73},[55,149444,149327],{"class":69},[55,149446,149447,149449,149451,149453,149455,149457,149459,149461,149463,149465,149467,149469,149471],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,149448,103],{"class":69},[55,149450,315],{"class":247},[55,149452,36],{"class":251},[55,149454,315],{"class":247},[55,149456,77],{"class":69},[55,149458,324],{"class":247},[55,149460,285],{"class":251},[55,149462,315],{"class":247},[55,149464,77],{"class":69},[55,149466,324],{"class":247},[55,149468,261],{"class":251},[55,149470,315],{"class":247},[55,149472,114],{"class":69},[20,149474,149475,149476,44],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149477,149478],{},"(5,)",[142,149480,15312],{"id":15311},[155,149482,149483,149486,149489,149492,149495,149498],{},[158,149484,149485],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[158,149487,149488],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[158,149490,149491],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[158,149493,149494],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[158,149496,149497],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[158,149499,149500],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[142,149502,149504],{"id":149503},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149506,149507],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149509,149510],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[46,149512,149514],{"className":48,"code":149513,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149515,149516,149536],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149517,149518,149520,149522,149524,149526,149528,149530,149532,149534],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149519,62],{"class":61},[55,149521,66],{"class":65},[55,149523,9398],{"class":69},[55,149525,74],{"class":73},[55,149527,77],{"class":69},[55,149529,80],{"class":73},[55,149531,77],{"class":69},[55,149533,111],{"class":73},[55,149535,114],{"class":69},[55,149537,149538,149540,149542,149544],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,149539,121],{"class":120},[55,149541,103],{"class":69},[55,149543,94],{"class":99},[55,149545,114],{"class":69},[20,149547,302],{},[46,149549,149551],{"className":48,"code":149550,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149552,149553],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149554,149555,149557,149559,149561,149563,149565,149567],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149556,103],{"class":69},[55,149558,74],{"class":73},[55,149560,77],{"class":69},[55,149562,80],{"class":73},[55,149564,77],{"class":69},[55,149566,111],{"class":73},[55,149568,114],{"class":69},[20,149570,149571],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[46,149573,149575],{"className":48,"code":149574,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149576,149577,149601],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149578,149579,149581,149583,149585,149587,149589,149591,149593,149595,149597,149599],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149580,9327],{"class":61},[55,149582,66],{"class":65},[55,149584,9398],{"class":69},[55,149586,74],{"class":73},[55,149588,77],{"class":69},[55,149590,258],{"class":247},[55,149592,1035],{"class":251},[55,149594,248],{"class":247},[55,149596,77],{"class":69},[55,149598,4079],{"class":1312},[55,149600,114],{"class":69},[55,149602,149603,149605,149607,149609],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,149604,121],{"class":120},[55,149606,103],{"class":69},[55,149608,9366],{"class":99},[55,149610,114],{"class":69},[20,149612,302],{},[46,149614,149616],{"className":48,"code":149615,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149617,149618],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149619,149620,149622,149624,149626,149628,149630,149632,149634,149636],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149621,103],{"class":69},[55,149623,74],{"class":73},[55,149625,77],{"class":69},[55,149627,324],{"class":247},[55,149629,1035],{"class":251},[55,149631,315],{"class":247},[55,149633,77],{"class":69},[55,149635,4079],{"class":1312},[55,149637,114],{"class":69},[20,149639,149640,149641,44],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[36,149642,149644],{"href":149643},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[142,149646,149648],{"id":149647},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149650,149651],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[46,149653,149655],{"className":48,"code":149654,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149656,149657,149665,149675],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149658,149659,149661,149663],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149660,124835],{"class":61},[55,149662,66],{"class":65},[55,149664,149313],{"class":69},[55,149666,149667,149669,149671,149673],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,149668,121],{"class":120},[55,149670,103],{"class":69},[55,149672,124886],{"class":99},[55,149674,114],{"class":69},[55,149676,149677,149679,149681,149683,149685,149687],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,149678,121],{"class":120},[55,149680,103],{"class":69},[55,149682,1910],{"class":1898},[55,149684,103],{"class":69},[55,149686,124886],{"class":99},[55,149688,1867],{"class":69},[20,149690,302],{},[46,149692,149694],{"className":48,"code":149693,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149695,149696,149700],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149697,149698],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149699,8804],{"class":69},[55,149701,149702,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,149703,3454],{"class":65},[55,149705,3457],{"class":2226},[55,149707,324],{"class":247},[55,149709,49097],{"class":251},[55,149711,315],{"class":247},[55,149713,3466],{"class":65},[20,149715,149716],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149718,149719],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[155,149721,149722,149727],{},[158,149723,149724,149725],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149726,7526],{},[158,149728,149729,149730],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149731,3950],{},[20,149733,149734,149735,44],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[36,149736,149737],{"href":1981},"Python list: creating a list",[142,149739,149741],{"id":149740},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149743,149744],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149746,149747,149748,149750],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[1966,149749,1968],{}," automatically a tuple:",[46,149752,149754],{"className":48,"code":149753,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149755,149756,149768,149778],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149757,149758,149760,149762,149764,149766],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149759,2608],{"class":61},[55,149761,66],{"class":65},[55,149763,9398],{"class":69},[55,149765,2297],{"class":73},[55,149767,114],{"class":69},[55,149769,149770,149772,149774,149776],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,149771,121],{"class":120},[55,149773,103],{"class":69},[55,149775,2633],{"class":99},[55,149777,114],{"class":69},[55,149779,149780,149782,149784,149786,149788,149790],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,149781,121],{"class":120},[55,149783,103],{"class":69},[55,149785,1910],{"class":1898},[55,149787,103],{"class":69},[55,149789,2633],{"class":99},[55,149791,1867],{"class":69},[20,149793,302],{},[46,149795,149797],{"className":48,"code":149796,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149798,149799,149803],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149800,149801],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149802,3110],{"class":73},[55,149804,149805,149807,149809,149811,149813,149815],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,149806,3454],{"class":65},[55,149808,3457],{"class":2226},[55,149810,324],{"class":247},[55,149812,2351],{"class":251},[55,149814,315],{"class":247},[55,149816,3466],{"class":65},[20,149818,149819],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[46,149821,149823],{"className":48,"code":149822,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149824,149825,149837,149847],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149826,149827,149829,149831,149833,149835],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149828,149318],{"class":61},[55,149830,66],{"class":65},[55,149832,9398],{"class":69},[55,149834,2297],{"class":73},[55,149836,149327],{"class":69},[55,149838,149839,149841,149843,149845],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,149840,121],{"class":120},[55,149842,103],{"class":69},[55,149844,149396],{"class":99},[55,149846,114],{"class":69},[55,149848,149849,149851,149853,149855,149857,149859],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,149850,121],{"class":120},[55,149852,103],{"class":69},[55,149854,1910],{"class":1898},[55,149856,103],{"class":69},[55,149858,149396],{"class":99},[55,149860,1867],{"class":69},[20,149862,302],{},[46,149864,149866],{"className":48,"code":149865,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149867,149868,149876],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149869,149870,149872,149874],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149871,103],{"class":69},[55,149873,2297],{"class":73},[55,149875,149327],{"class":69},[55,149877,149878,149880,149882,149884,149886,149888],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,149879,3454],{"class":65},[55,149881,3457],{"class":2226},[55,149883,324],{"class":247},[55,149885,49097],{"class":251},[55,149887,315],{"class":247},[55,149889,3466],{"class":65},[20,149891,16805],{},[46,149893,149895],{"className":48,"code":149894,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149896,149897],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149898,149899,149901,149903,149905,149907],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149900,103],{"class":69},[55,149902,248],{"class":247},[55,149904,1035],{"class":251},[55,149906,248],{"class":247},[55,149908,149327],{"class":69},[20,149910,1343],{},[46,149912,149914],{"className":48,"code":149913,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149915,149916],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149917,149918,149920,149922,149924,149926],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149919,103],{"class":69},[55,149921,248],{"class":247},[55,149923,1035],{"class":251},[55,149925,248],{"class":247},[55,149927,114],{"class":69},[20,149929,149930],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[142,149932,149934],{"id":149933},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149936,149937],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[577,149939,56588],{"id":94},[46,149941,149942],{"className":48,"code":149513,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,149943,149944,149964],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149945,149946,149948,149950,149952,149954,149956,149958,149960,149962],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149947,62],{"class":61},[55,149949,66],{"class":65},[55,149951,9398],{"class":69},[55,149953,74],{"class":73},[55,149955,77],{"class":69},[55,149957,80],{"class":73},[55,149959,77],{"class":69},[55,149961,111],{"class":73},[55,149963,114],{"class":69},[55,149965,149966,149968,149970,149972],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,149967,121],{"class":120},[55,149969,103],{"class":69},[55,149971,94],{"class":99},[55,149973,114],{"class":69},[577,149975,56591],{"id":5469},[46,149977,149979],{"className":48,"code":149978,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149980,149981,150013],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149982,149983,149985,149987,149989,149991,149993,149995,149997,149999,150001,150003,150005,150007,150009,150011],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149984,372],{"class":61},[55,149986,66],{"class":65},[55,149988,9398],{"class":69},[55,149990,248],{"class":247},[55,149992,381],{"class":251},[55,149994,248],{"class":247},[55,149996,77],{"class":69},[55,149998,258],{"class":247},[55,150000,399],{"class":251},[55,150002,248],{"class":247},[55,150004,77],{"class":69},[55,150006,258],{"class":247},[55,150008,390],{"class":251},[55,150010,248],{"class":247},[55,150012,114],{"class":69},[55,150014,150015,150017,150019,150021],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,150016,121],{"class":120},[55,150018,103],{"class":69},[55,150020,434],{"class":99},[55,150022,114],{"class":69},[577,150024,150026],{"id":150025},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[46,150028,150030],{"className":48,"code":150029,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150031,150032,150056],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150033,150034,150036,150038,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052,150054],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150035,59596],{"class":61},[55,150037,66],{"class":65},[55,150039,9398],{"class":69},[55,150041,74],{"class":73},[55,150043,77],{"class":69},[55,150045,258],{"class":247},[55,150047,1035],{"class":251},[55,150049,248],{"class":247},[55,150051,77],{"class":69},[55,150053,4079],{"class":1312},[55,150055,114],{"class":69},[55,150057,150058,150060,150062,150064],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,150059,121],{"class":120},[55,150061,103],{"class":69},[55,150063,59649],{"class":99},[55,150065,114],{"class":69},[577,150067,150069],{"id":150068},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150071,150072],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[46,150074,150076],{"className":48,"code":150075,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150077,150078,150119],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150079,150080,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095,150097,150099,150101,150103,150105,150107,150109,150111,150113,150115,150117],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150081,150082],{"class":61},"nested ",[55,150084,66],{"class":65},[55,150086,9398],{"class":69},[55,150088,74],{"class":73},[55,150090,77],{"class":69},[55,150092,9398],{"class":69},[55,150094,248],{"class":247},[55,150096,36],{"class":251},[55,150098,248],{"class":247},[55,150100,77],{"class":69},[55,150102,258],{"class":247},[55,150104,285],{"class":251},[55,150106,248],{"class":247},[55,150108,9395],{"class":69},[55,150110,70],{"class":69},[55,150112,800],{"class":73},[55,150114,77],{"class":69},[55,150116,7951],{"class":73},[55,150118,1777],{"class":69},[55,150120,150121,150123,150125,150128],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,150122,121],{"class":120},[55,150124,103],{"class":69},[55,150126,150127],{"class":99},"nested",[55,150129,114],{"class":69},[20,150131,302],{},[46,150133,150135],{"className":48,"code":150134,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150136,150137],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150138,150139,150141,150143,150145,150147,150149,150151,150153,150155,150157,150159,150161,150163,150165,150167,150169,150171],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150140,103],{"class":69},[55,150142,74],{"class":73},[55,150144,77],{"class":69},[55,150146,9398],{"class":69},[55,150148,315],{"class":247},[55,150150,36],{"class":251},[55,150152,315],{"class":247},[55,150154,77],{"class":69},[55,150156,324],{"class":247},[55,150158,285],{"class":251},[55,150160,315],{"class":247},[55,150162,9395],{"class":69},[55,150164,70],{"class":69},[55,150166,800],{"class":73},[55,150168,77],{"class":69},[55,150170,7951],{"class":73},[55,150172,1777],{"class":69},[142,150174,150176,150177],{"id":150175},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150178,38186],{},[20,150180,150181,150182,150184],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150183,38186],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150186,150187,150188,44],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[36,150189,63342],{"href":63341},[577,150191,105230],{"id":105229},[46,150193,150195],{"className":48,"code":150194,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150196,150197,150219],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150198,150199,150201,150203,150205,150207,150209,150211,150213,150215,150217],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150200,62],{"class":61},[55,150202,66],{"class":65},[55,150204,149337],{"class":1898},[55,150206,3149],{"class":69},[55,150208,74],{"class":73},[55,150210,77],{"class":69},[55,150212,80],{"class":73},[55,150214,77],{"class":69},[55,150216,111],{"class":73},[55,150218,1777],{"class":69},[55,150220,150221,150223,150225,150227],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,150222,121],{"class":120},[55,150224,103],{"class":69},[55,150226,94],{"class":99},[55,150228,114],{"class":69},[20,150230,302],{},[46,150232,150233],{"className":48,"code":149550,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,150234,150235],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150236,150237,150239,150241,150243,150245,150247,150249],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150238,103],{"class":69},[55,150240,74],{"class":73},[55,150242,77],{"class":69},[55,150244,80],{"class":73},[55,150246,77],{"class":69},[55,150248,111],{"class":73},[55,150250,114],{"class":69},[577,150252,105416],{"id":105415},[46,150254,150256],{"className":48,"code":150255,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150257,150258,150276],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150259,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150261,240],{"class":61},[55,150263,66],{"class":65},[55,150265,149337],{"class":1898},[55,150267,103],{"class":69},[55,150269,248],{"class":247},[55,150271,41702],{"class":251},[55,150273,248],{"class":247},[55,150275,114],{"class":69},[55,150277,150278,150280,150282,150284],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,150279,121],{"class":120},[55,150281,103],{"class":69},[55,150283,270],{"class":99},[55,150285,114],{"class":69},[20,150287,302],{},[46,150289,150291],{"className":48,"code":150290,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150292,150293],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150294,150295,150297,150299,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311,150313,150315,150317,150319],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150296,103],{"class":69},[55,150298,315],{"class":247},[55,150300,36],{"class":251},[55,150302,315],{"class":247},[55,150304,77],{"class":69},[55,150306,324],{"class":247},[55,150308,285],{"class":251},[55,150310,315],{"class":247},[55,150312,77],{"class":69},[55,150314,324],{"class":247},[55,150316,261],{"class":251},[55,150318,315],{"class":247},[55,150320,114],{"class":69},[20,150322,150323],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[577,150325,150327],{"id":150326},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[46,150329,150331],{"className":48,"code":150330,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150332,150333,150351],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150334,150335,150337,150339,150341,150343,150345,150347,150349],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150336,3986],{"class":61},[55,150338,66],{"class":65},[55,150340,149337],{"class":1898},[55,150342,103],{"class":69},[55,150344,60122],{"class":120},[55,150346,103],{"class":69},[55,150348,2665],{"class":73},[55,150350,1867],{"class":69},[55,150352,150353,150355,150357,150359],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,150354,121],{"class":120},[55,150356,103],{"class":69},[55,150358,5519],{"class":99},[55,150360,114],{"class":69},[20,150362,302],{},[46,150364,150366],{"className":48,"code":150365,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150367,150368],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150369,150370,150372,150374,150376,150378,150380,150382,150384,150386],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150371,103],{"class":69},[55,150373,227],{"class":73},[55,150375,77],{"class":69},[55,150377,630],{"class":73},[55,150379,77],{"class":69},[55,150381,80],{"class":73},[55,150383,77],{"class":69},[55,150385,111],{"class":73},[55,150387,114],{"class":69},[20,150389,150390],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[142,150392,20947],{"id":20946},[155,150394,150395,150398,150401,150404],{},[158,150396,150397],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[158,150399,150400],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[158,150402,150403],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[158,150405,150406],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150408,150409,150410,44],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[36,150411,150413],{"href":150412},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[142,150415,2992],{"id":2991},[20,150417,150418],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[577,150420,150422],{"id":150421},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150424,150425],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[46,150427,150429],{"className":48,"code":150428,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150430,150431,150447],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150432,150433,150435,150437,150439,150441,150443,150445],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150434,28683],{"class":61},[55,150436,66],{"class":65},[55,150438,9398],{"class":69},[55,150440,248],{"class":247},[55,150442,1035],{"class":251},[55,150444,248],{"class":247},[55,150446,114],{"class":69},[55,150448,150449,150451,150453,150455,150457,150459],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,150450,121],{"class":120},[55,150452,103],{"class":69},[55,150454,1910],{"class":1898},[55,150456,103],{"class":69},[55,150458,220],{"class":99},[55,150460,1867],{"class":69},[20,150462,150463],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[46,150465,150467],{"className":48,"code":150466,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150468,150469,150485],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150470,150471,150473,150475,150477,150479,150481,150483],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150472,28683],{"class":61},[55,150474,66],{"class":65},[55,150476,9398],{"class":69},[55,150478,248],{"class":247},[55,150480,1035],{"class":251},[55,150482,248],{"class":247},[55,150484,149327],{"class":69},[55,150486,150487,150489,150491,150493,150495,150497],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,150488,121],{"class":120},[55,150490,103],{"class":69},[55,150492,1910],{"class":1898},[55,150494,103],{"class":69},[55,150496,220],{"class":99},[55,150498,1867],{"class":69},[577,150500,150502],{"id":150501},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150504,150505],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[46,150507,150509],{"className":48,"code":150508,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150510,150511,150531],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150512,150513,150515,150517,150519,150521,150523,150525,150527,150529],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150514,3986],{"class":61},[55,150516,66],{"class":65},[55,150518,70],{"class":69},[55,150520,74],{"class":73},[55,150522,77],{"class":69},[55,150524,80],{"class":73},[55,150526,77],{"class":69},[55,150528,111],{"class":73},[55,150530,88],{"class":69},[55,150532,150533,150535,150537,150539,150541,150543],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,150534,121],{"class":120},[55,150536,103],{"class":69},[55,150538,1910],{"class":1898},[55,150540,103],{"class":69},[55,150542,5519],{"class":99},[55,150544,1867],{"class":69},[20,150546,150547],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[46,150549,150551],{"className":48,"code":150550,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150552,150553,150573],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150554,150555,150557,150559,150561,150563,150565,150567,150569,150571],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150556,3986],{"class":61},[55,150558,66],{"class":65},[55,150560,9398],{"class":69},[55,150562,74],{"class":73},[55,150564,77],{"class":69},[55,150566,80],{"class":73},[55,150568,77],{"class":69},[55,150570,111],{"class":73},[55,150572,114],{"class":69},[55,150574,150575,150577,150579,150581,150583,150585],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,150576,121],{"class":120},[55,150578,103],{"class":69},[55,150580,1910],{"class":1898},[55,150582,103],{"class":69},[55,150584,5519],{"class":99},[55,150586,1867],{"class":69},[577,150588,150590],{"id":150589},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150592,150403],{},[46,150594,150596],{"className":48,"code":150595,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150597,150598,150618],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150599,150600,150602,150604,150606,150608,150610,150612,150614,150616],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150601,62],{"class":61},[55,150603,66],{"class":65},[55,150605,9398],{"class":69},[55,150607,74],{"class":73},[55,150609,77],{"class":69},[55,150611,80],{"class":73},[55,150613,77],{"class":69},[55,150615,111],{"class":73},[55,150617,114],{"class":69},[55,150619,150620],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,150621,150622],{"class":133},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150624,150625],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[577,150627,37343,150629,150632],{"id":150628},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150630,150631],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150634,64768],{},[46,150636,150637],{"className":48,"code":150255,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,150638,150639,150657],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150640,150641,150643,150645,150647,150649,150651,150653,150655],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150642,240],{"class":61},[55,150644,66],{"class":65},[55,150646,149337],{"class":1898},[55,150648,103],{"class":69},[55,150650,248],{"class":247},[55,150652,41702],{"class":251},[55,150654,248],{"class":247},[55,150656,114],{"class":69},[55,150658,150659,150661,150663,150665],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,150660,121],{"class":120},[55,150662,103],{"class":69},[55,150664,270],{"class":99},[55,150666,114],{"class":69},[20,150668,150669],{},"gives:",[46,150671,150672],{"className":48,"code":150290,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,150673,150674],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150675,150676,150678,150680,150682,150684,150686,150688,150690,150692,150694,150696,150698,150700],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150677,103],{"class":69},[55,150679,315],{"class":247},[55,150681,36],{"class":251},[55,150683,315],{"class":247},[55,150685,77],{"class":69},[55,150687,324],{"class":247},[55,150689,285],{"class":251},[55,150691,315],{"class":247},[55,150693,77],{"class":69},[55,150695,324],{"class":247},[55,150697,261],{"class":251},[55,150699,315],{"class":247},[55,150701,114],{"class":69},[20,150703,150704],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[46,150706,150708],{"className":48,"code":150707,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150709,150710,150726],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150711,150712,150714,150716,150718,150720,150722,150724],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150713,6312],{"class":61},[55,150715,66],{"class":65},[55,150717,9398],{"class":69},[55,150719,248],{"class":247},[55,150721,41702],{"class":251},[55,150723,248],{"class":247},[55,150725,149327],{"class":69},[55,150727,150728,150730,150732,150734],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,150729,121],{"class":120},[55,150731,103],{"class":69},[55,150733,38531],{"class":99},[55,150735,114],{"class":69},[20,150737,302],{},[46,150739,150741],{"className":48,"code":150740,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('abc',)\n",[15,150742,150743],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150744,150745,150747,150749,150751,150753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150746,103],{"class":69},[55,150748,315],{"class":247},[55,150750,41702],{"class":251},[55,150752,315],{"class":247},[55,150754,149327],{"class":69},[577,150756,150758],{"id":150757},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150760,150761],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[46,150763,150765],{"className":48,"code":150764,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150766,150767,150784,150788,150798,150812],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150768,150769,150772,150774,150776,150778,150780,150782],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150770,150771],{"class":61},"my_tuple ",[55,150773,66],{"class":65},[55,150775,9398],{"class":69},[55,150777,248],{"class":247},[55,150779,1035],{"class":251},[55,150781,248],{"class":247},[55,150783,149327],{"class":69},[55,150785,150786],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,150787,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,150789,150790,150792,150794,150796],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,150791,121],{"class":120},[55,150793,103],{"class":69},[55,150795,147989],{"class":99},[55,150797,114],{"class":69},[55,150799,150800,150802,150804,150806,150808,150810],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,150801,121],{"class":120},[55,150803,103],{"class":69},[55,150805,1910],{"class":1898},[55,150807,103],{"class":69},[55,150809,147989],{"class":99},[55,150811,1867],{"class":69},[55,150813,150814,150816,150818,150820,150822,150824],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,150815,121],{"class":120},[55,150817,103],{"class":69},[55,150819,1860],{"class":120},[55,150821,103],{"class":69},[55,150823,147989],{"class":99},[55,150825,1867],{"class":69},[142,150827,1986],{"id":1985},[577,150829,150831],{"id":150830},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150833,150834,150835,150838],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150836,150837],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[577,150840,150842],{"id":150841},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150844,150845],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[577,150847,150849],{"id":150848},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150851,150852],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[577,150854,150856],{"id":150855},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150858,150859],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[577,150861,5303,150863,12871],{"id":150862},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150864,150631],{},[20,150866,5309,150867,150870],{},[15,150868,150869],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[142,150872,2039],{"id":2038},[155,150874,150875,150879,150883,150889,150894,150899,150903],{},[158,150876,150877],{},[36,150878,147971],{"href":147970},[158,150880,150881],{},[36,150882,149644],{"href":149643},[158,150884,150885],{},[36,150886,150888],{"href":150887},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[158,150890,150891],{},[36,150892,150893],{"href":149209},"Python tuple length with len()",[158,150895,150896],{},[36,150897,150898],{"href":149274},"What is a tuple in Python?",[158,150900,150901],{},[36,150902,63342],{"href":63341},[158,150904,150905],{},[36,150906,150907],{"href":150412},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2080,150909,150910],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":150912},[150913,150914,150915,150916,150917,150918,150924,150930,150931,150939,150947],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":15311,"depth":91,"text":15312},{"id":149503,"depth":91,"text":149504},{"id":149647,"depth":91,"text":149648},{"id":149740,"depth":91,"text":149741},{"id":149933,"depth":91,"text":149934,"children":150919},[150920,150921,150922,150923],{"id":94,"depth":117,"text":56588},{"id":5469,"depth":117,"text":56591},{"id":150025,"depth":117,"text":150026},{"id":150068,"depth":117,"text":150069},{"id":150175,"depth":91,"text":150925,"children":150926},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150927,150928,150929],{"id":105229,"depth":117,"text":105230},{"id":105415,"depth":117,"text":105416},{"id":150326,"depth":117,"text":150327},{"id":20946,"depth":91,"text":20947},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":150932},[150933,150934,150935,150936,150938],{"id":150421,"depth":117,"text":150422},{"id":150501,"depth":117,"text":150502},{"id":150589,"depth":117,"text":150590},{"id":150628,"depth":117,"text":150937},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150757,"depth":117,"text":150758},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":150940},[150941,150942,150943,150944,150945],{"id":150830,"depth":117,"text":150831},{"id":150841,"depth":117,"text":150842},{"id":150848,"depth":117,"text":150849},{"id":150855,"depth":117,"text":150856},{"id":150862,"depth":117,"text":150946},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149260,"description":150948},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150955,"title":150956,"body":150957,"description":152502,"extension":2124,"meta":152503,"navigation":428,"path":152504,"seo":152505,"stem":152506,"__hash__":152507},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150958,"toc":152472},[150959,150962,150967,150969,150982,150988,150990,151057,151059,151094,151099,151103,151107,151109,151120,151128,151130,151132,151153,151155,151175,151178,151180,151185,151228,151230,151252,151255,151268,151272,151276,151279,151332,151334,151355,151360,151364,151367,151412,151414,151447,151459,151463,151471,151508,151510,151539,151543,151546,151599,151601,151621,151628,151632,151637,151706,151708,151733,151737,151740,151746,151823,151825,151884,151886,151898,151903,151907,151911,151925,151927,151962,151964,151981,151984,151997,152001,152005,152016,152021,152036,152039,152042,152044,152047,152051,152053,152067,152069,152093,152098,152102,152105,152124,152127,152176,152181,152198,152201,152234,152238,152240,152291,152294,152319,152322,152345,152349,152355,152357,152392,152395,152400,152402,152406,152409,152413,152418,152422,152425,152429,152432,152436,152441,152443,152469],[10,150960,150956],{"id":150961},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150963,9284,150964,150966],{},[15,150965,38186],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150968,82571],{},[155,150970,150971,150976],{},[158,150972,150973,150975],{},[15,150974,38186],{}," creates an empty tuple",[158,150977,150978,150981],{},[15,150979,150980],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150983,150984,150985,150987],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150986,38186],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[142,150989,2165],{"id":2164},[46,150991,150993],{"className":48,"code":150992,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150994,150995,151015,151029,151033,151043],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150996,150997,150999,151001,151003,151005,151007,151009,151011,151013],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150998,62],{"class":61},[55,151000,66],{"class":65},[55,151002,70],{"class":69},[55,151004,74],{"class":73},[55,151006,77],{"class":69},[55,151008,80],{"class":73},[55,151010,77],{"class":69},[55,151012,111],{"class":73},[55,151014,88],{"class":69},[55,151016,151017,151019,151021,151023,151025,151027],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,151018,1255],{"class":61},[55,151020,66],{"class":65},[55,151022,149337],{"class":1898},[55,151024,103],{"class":69},[55,151026,94],{"class":99},[55,151028,114],{"class":69},[55,151030,151031],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,151032,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,151034,151035,151037,151039,151041],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,151036,121],{"class":120},[55,151038,103],{"class":69},[55,151040,1288],{"class":99},[55,151042,114],{"class":69},[55,151044,151045,151047,151049,151051,151053,151055],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,151046,121],{"class":120},[55,151048,103],{"class":69},[55,151050,1910],{"class":1898},[55,151052,103],{"class":69},[55,151054,1288],{"class":99},[55,151056,1867],{"class":69},[20,151058,302],{},[46,151060,151062],{"className":48,"code":151061,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151063,151064,151080],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151065,151066,151068,151070,151072,151074,151076,151078],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151067,103],{"class":69},[55,151069,74],{"class":73},[55,151071,77],{"class":69},[55,151073,80],{"class":73},[55,151075,77],{"class":69},[55,151077,111],{"class":73},[55,151079,114],{"class":69},[55,151081,151082,151084,151086,151088,151090,151092],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,151083,3454],{"class":65},[55,151085,3457],{"class":2226},[55,151087,324],{"class":247},[55,151089,49097],{"class":251},[55,151091,315],{"class":247},[55,151093,3466],{"class":65},[20,151095,31,151096,151098],{},[15,151097,150980],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[142,151100,151102],{"id":151101},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151104,151105,63050],{},[15,151106,38186],{},[20,151108,49071],{},[155,151110,151111,151114,151117],{},[158,151112,151113],{},"creates a tuple object",[158,151115,151116],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[158,151118,151119],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151121,151122,151123,151125,151126,44],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[36,151124,149275],{"href":149274}," or the full guide to ",[36,151127,147971],{"href":147970},[142,151129,2319],{"id":2318},[20,151131,26631],{},[46,151133,151135],{"className":48,"code":151134,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151136,151137,151143],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151138,151139,151141],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151140,49097],{"class":1898},[55,151142,8804],{"class":69},[55,151144,151145,151147,151149,151151],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,151146,49097],{"class":1898},[55,151148,103],{"class":69},[55,151150,3884],{"class":99},[55,151152,114],{"class":69},[20,151154,11617],{},[155,151156,151157,151160],{},[158,151158,151159],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[158,151161,151162,151163],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[155,151164,151165,151167,151169,151171,151173],{},[158,151166,5460],{},[158,151168,5469],{},[158,151170,63121],{},[158,151172,5466],{},[158,151174,7411],{},[20,151176,151177],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[142,151179,149648],{"id":149647},[20,151181,29794,151182,151184],{},[15,151183,38186],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[46,151186,151188],{"className":48,"code":151187,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151189,151190,151200,151204,151214],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151191,151192,151194,151196,151198],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151193,124835],{"class":61},[55,151195,66],{"class":65},[55,151197,149337],{"class":1898},[55,151199,8804],{"class":69},[55,151201,151202],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,151203,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,151205,151206,151208,151210,151212],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,151207,121],{"class":120},[55,151209,103],{"class":69},[55,151211,124886],{"class":99},[55,151213,114],{"class":69},[55,151215,151216,151218,151220,151222,151224,151226],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,151217,121],{"class":120},[55,151219,103],{"class":69},[55,151221,1910],{"class":1898},[55,151223,103],{"class":69},[55,151225,124886],{"class":99},[55,151227,1867],{"class":69},[20,151229,302],{},[46,151231,151232],{"className":48,"code":149693,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,151233,151234,151238],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151235,151236],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151237,8804],{"class":69},[55,151239,151240,151242,151244,151246,151248,151250],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,151241,3454],{"class":65},[55,151243,3457],{"class":2226},[55,151245,324],{"class":247},[55,151247,49097],{"class":251},[55,151249,315],{"class":247},[55,151251,3466],{"class":65},[20,151253,151254],{},"This is equivalent to:",[46,151256,151258],{"className":48,"code":151257,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty = ()\n",[15,151259,151260],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151261,151262,151264,151266],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151263,124835],{"class":61},[55,151265,66],{"class":65},[55,151267,149313],{"class":69},[142,151269,151271],{"id":151270},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[577,151273,151275],{"id":151274},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151277,151278],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[46,151280,151282],{"className":48,"code":151281,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151283,151284,151304,151318,151322],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151285,151286,151288,151290,151292,151294,151296,151298,151300,151302],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151287,62],{"class":61},[55,151289,66],{"class":65},[55,151291,70],{"class":69},[55,151293,800],{"class":73},[55,151295,77],{"class":69},[55,151297,7951],{"class":73},[55,151299,77],{"class":69},[55,151301,7956],{"class":73},[55,151303,88],{"class":69},[55,151305,151306,151308,151310,151312,151314,151316],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,151307,1255],{"class":61},[55,151309,66],{"class":65},[55,151311,149337],{"class":1898},[55,151313,103],{"class":69},[55,151315,94],{"class":99},[55,151317,114],{"class":69},[55,151319,151320],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,151321,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,151323,151324,151326,151328,151330],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,151325,121],{"class":120},[55,151327,103],{"class":69},[55,151329,1288],{"class":99},[55,151331,114],{"class":69},[20,151333,302],{},[46,151335,151337],{"className":48,"code":151336,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151338,151339],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151340,151341,151343,151345,151347,151349,151351,151353],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151342,103],{"class":69},[55,151344,800],{"class":73},[55,151346,77],{"class":69},[55,151348,7951],{"class":73},[55,151350,77],{"class":69},[55,151352,7956],{"class":73},[55,151354,114],{"class":69},[20,151356,151357,151358,44],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[36,151359,105035],{"href":60179},[577,151361,151363],{"id":151362},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151365,151366],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[46,151368,151370],{"className":48,"code":151369,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151371,151372,151384,151398,151402],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151373,151374,151376,151378,151380,151382],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151375,34829],{"class":61},[55,151377,66],{"class":65},[55,151379,258],{"class":247},[55,151381,37186],{"class":251},[55,151383,3522],{"class":247},[55,151385,151386,151388,151390,151392,151394,151396],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,151387,1255],{"class":61},[55,151389,66],{"class":65},[55,151391,149337],{"class":1898},[55,151393,103],{"class":69},[55,151395,34850],{"class":99},[55,151397,114],{"class":69},[55,151399,151400],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,151401,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,151403,151404,151406,151408,151410],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,151405,121],{"class":120},[55,151407,103],{"class":69},[55,151409,1288],{"class":99},[55,151411,114],{"class":69},[20,151413,302],{},[46,151415,151417],{"className":48,"code":151416,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151418,151419],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151420,151421,151423,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433,151435,151437,151439,151441,151443,151445],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151422,103],{"class":69},[55,151424,315],{"class":247},[55,151426,261],{"class":251},[55,151428,315],{"class":247},[55,151430,77],{"class":69},[55,151432,324],{"class":247},[55,151434,36],{"class":251},[55,151436,315],{"class":247},[55,151438,77],{"class":69},[55,151440,324],{"class":247},[55,151442,63411],{"class":251},[55,151444,315],{"class":247},[55,151446,114],{"class":69},[20,151448,151449,151450,14204,151453,151455,151456,44],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151451,151452],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[1966,151454,1968],{}," create ",[15,151457,151458],{},"('cat',)",[577,151460,151462],{"id":151461},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151464,151465,151467,151468,151470],{},[15,151466,36337],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151469,38186],{}," collects them all.",[46,151472,151474],{"className":48,"code":151473,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151475,151476,151494,151498],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151477,151478,151480,151482,151484,151486,151488,151490,151492],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151479,1255],{"class":61},[55,151481,66],{"class":65},[55,151483,149337],{"class":1898},[55,151485,103],{"class":69},[55,151487,60122],{"class":120},[55,151489,103],{"class":69},[55,151491,2297],{"class":73},[55,151493,1867],{"class":69},[55,151495,151496],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,151497,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,151499,151500,151502,151504,151506],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,151501,121],{"class":120},[55,151503,103],{"class":69},[55,151505,1288],{"class":99},[55,151507,114],{"class":69},[20,151509,302],{},[46,151511,151513],{"className":48,"code":151512,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151514,151515],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151516,151517,151519,151521,151523,151525,151527,151529,151531,151533,151535,151537],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151518,103],{"class":69},[55,151520,227],{"class":73},[55,151522,77],{"class":69},[55,151524,630],{"class":73},[55,151526,77],{"class":69},[55,151528,80],{"class":73},[55,151530,77],{"class":69},[55,151532,111],{"class":73},[55,151534,77],{"class":69},[55,151536,85],{"class":73},[55,151538,114],{"class":69},[577,151540,151542],{"id":151541},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151544,151545],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[46,151547,151549],{"className":48,"code":151548,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151550,151551,151571,151585,151589],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151552,151553,151555,151557,151559,151561,151563,151565,151567,151569],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151554,3986],{"class":61},[55,151556,66],{"class":65},[55,151558,10652],{"class":69},[55,151560,74],{"class":73},[55,151562,77],{"class":69},[55,151564,80],{"class":73},[55,151566,77],{"class":69},[55,151568,111],{"class":73},[55,151570,9471],{"class":69},[55,151572,151573,151575,151577,151579,151581,151583],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,151574,1255],{"class":61},[55,151576,66],{"class":65},[55,151578,149337],{"class":1898},[55,151580,103],{"class":69},[55,151582,5519],{"class":99},[55,151584,114],{"class":69},[55,151586,151587],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,151588,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,151590,151591,151593,151595,151597],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,151592,121],{"class":120},[55,151594,103],{"class":69},[55,151596,1288],{"class":99},[55,151598,114],{"class":69},[20,151600,302],{},[46,151602,151603],{"className":48,"code":149550,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,151604,151605],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151606,151607,151609,151611,151613,151615,151617,151619],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151608,103],{"class":69},[55,151610,74],{"class":73},[55,151612,77],{"class":69},[55,151614,80],{"class":73},[55,151616,77],{"class":69},[55,151618,111],{"class":73},[55,151620,114],{"class":69},[20,151622,151623,151624,44],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[36,151625,151627],{"href":151626},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[577,151629,151631],{"id":151630},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151633,63664,151634,151636],{},[15,151635,38186],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[46,151638,151640],{"className":48,"code":151639,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151641,151642,151678,151692,151696],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151643,151644,151646,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656,151658,151660,151662,151664,151666,151668,151670,151672,151674,151676],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151645,13357],{"class":61},[55,151647,66],{"class":65},[55,151649,10652],{"class":69},[55,151651,248],{"class":247},[55,151653,7829],{"class":251},[55,151655,248],{"class":247},[55,151657,153],{"class":69},[55,151659,258],{"class":247},[55,151661,13036],{"class":251},[55,151663,248],{"class":247},[55,151665,77],{"class":69},[55,151667,258],{"class":247},[55,151669,9461],{"class":251},[55,151671,248],{"class":247},[55,151673,153],{"class":69},[55,151675,9468],{"class":73},[55,151677,9471],{"class":69},[55,151679,151680,151682,151684,151686,151688,151690],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,151681,1255],{"class":61},[55,151683,66],{"class":65},[55,151685,149337],{"class":1898},[55,151687,103],{"class":69},[55,151689,17457],{"class":99},[55,151691,114],{"class":69},[55,151693,151694],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,151695,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,151697,151698,151700,151702,151704],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,151699,121],{"class":120},[55,151701,103],{"class":69},[55,151703,1288],{"class":99},[55,151705,114],{"class":69},[20,151707,30174],{},[46,151709,151711],{"className":48,"code":151710,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151712,151713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151714,151715,151717,151719,151721,151723,151725,151727,151729,151731],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151716,103],{"class":69},[55,151718,315],{"class":247},[55,151720,7829],{"class":251},[55,151722,315],{"class":247},[55,151724,77],{"class":69},[55,151726,324],{"class":247},[55,151728,9461],{"class":251},[55,151730,315],{"class":247},[55,151732,114],{"class":69},[142,151734,151736],{"id":151735},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151738,151739],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151741,151742,151745],{},[15,151743,151744],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[46,151747,151749],{"className":48,"code":151748,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151750,151751,151787,151791,151805],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151752,151753,151755,151757,151759,151761,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777,151779,151781,151783,151785],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151754,13357],{"class":61},[55,151756,66],{"class":65},[55,151758,10652],{"class":69},[55,151760,248],{"class":247},[55,151762,7829],{"class":251},[55,151764,248],{"class":247},[55,151766,153],{"class":69},[55,151768,258],{"class":247},[55,151770,13036],{"class":251},[55,151772,248],{"class":247},[55,151774,77],{"class":69},[55,151776,258],{"class":247},[55,151778,9461],{"class":251},[55,151780,248],{"class":247},[55,151782,153],{"class":69},[55,151784,9468],{"class":73},[55,151786,9471],{"class":69},[55,151788,151789],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,151790,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,151792,151793,151795,151797,151799,151801,151803],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,151794,121],{"class":120},[55,151796,103],{"class":69},[55,151798,49097],{"class":1898},[55,151800,103],{"class":69},[55,151802,17457],{"class":99},[55,151804,1867],{"class":69},[55,151806,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815,151817,151819,151821],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,151808,121],{"class":120},[55,151810,103],{"class":69},[55,151812,49097],{"class":1898},[55,151814,103],{"class":69},[55,151816,17457],{"class":99},[55,151818,44],{"class":69},[55,151820,1057],{"class":99},[55,151822,6448],{"class":69},[20,151824,302],{},[46,151826,151828],{"className":48,"code":151827,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151829,151830,151850],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151831,151832,151834,151836,151838,151840,151842,151844,151846,151848],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151833,103],{"class":69},[55,151835,315],{"class":247},[55,151837,7829],{"class":251},[55,151839,315],{"class":247},[55,151841,77],{"class":69},[55,151843,324],{"class":247},[55,151845,9461],{"class":251},[55,151847,315],{"class":247},[55,151849,114],{"class":69},[55,151851,151852,151854,151856,151858,151860,151862,151864,151866,151868,151870,151872,151874,151876,151878,151880,151882],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,151853,5669],{"class":69},[55,151855,315],{"class":247},[55,151857,7829],{"class":251},[55,151859,315],{"class":247},[55,151861,77],{"class":69},[55,151863,324],{"class":247},[55,151865,13036],{"class":251},[55,151867,315],{"class":247},[55,151869,9395],{"class":69},[55,151871,9398],{"class":69},[55,151873,315],{"class":247},[55,151875,9461],{"class":251},[55,151877,315],{"class":247},[55,151879,77],{"class":69},[55,151881,9468],{"class":73},[55,151883,1867],{"class":69},[20,151885,18842],{},[155,151887,151888,151893],{},[158,151889,151890,151892],{},[15,151891,151744],{}," for keys",[158,151894,151895,32701],{},[15,151896,151897],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151899,151900,151901,44],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[36,151902,63674],{"href":63673},[142,151904,151906],{"id":151905},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151908,151909,18466],{},[15,151910,38186],{},[155,151912,151913,151916,151919,151922],{},[158,151914,151915],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[158,151917,151918],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[158,151920,151921],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[158,151923,151924],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151926,230],{},[46,151928,151930],{"className":48,"code":151929,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151931,151932,151951],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151933,151934,151937,151939,151941,151943,151945,151947,151949],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151935,151936],{"class":61},"coordinates ",[55,151938,66],{"class":65},[55,151940,149337],{"class":1898},[55,151942,3149],{"class":69},[55,151944,2665],{"class":73},[55,151946,77],{"class":69},[55,151948,6151],{"class":73},[55,151950,1777],{"class":69},[55,151952,151953,151955,151957,151960],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,151954,121],{"class":120},[55,151956,103],{"class":69},[55,151958,151959],{"class":99},"coordinates",[55,151961,114],{"class":69},[20,151963,302],{},[46,151965,151967],{"className":48,"code":151966,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151968,151969],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151970,151971,151973,151975,151977,151979],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151972,103],{"class":69},[55,151974,2665],{"class":73},[55,151976,77],{"class":69},[55,151978,6151],{"class":73},[55,151980,114],{"class":69},[20,151982,151983],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[155,151985,151986,151988,151991,151994],{},[158,151987,151959],{},[158,151989,151990],{},"RGB colors",[158,151992,151993],{},"dates",[158,151995,151996],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[142,151998,152000],{"id":151999},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152002,44571,152003,993],{},[15,152004,38186],{},[155,152006,152007,152010,152013],{},[158,152008,152009],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[158,152011,152012],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[158,152014,152015],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152017,116462,152018,152020],{},[1966,152019,1968],{}," work:",[46,152022,152024],{"className":48,"code":152023,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152025,152026],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152027,152028,152030,152032,152034],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152029,49097],{"class":1898},[55,152031,103],{"class":69},[55,152033,2297],{"class":73},[55,152035,114],{"class":69},[20,152037,152038],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152040,152041],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[142,152043,115300],{"id":115299},[20,152045,152046],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[577,152048,152050],{"id":152049},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152052,2999],{},[46,152054,152055],{"className":48,"code":152023,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,152056,152057],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152058,152059,152061,152063,152065],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152060,49097],{"class":1898},[55,152062,103],{"class":69},[55,152064,2297],{"class":73},[55,152066,114],{"class":69},[20,152068,29825],{},[46,152070,152071],{"className":48,"code":63778,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,152072,152073],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152074,152075,152077,152079,152081,152083,152085,152087,152089,152091],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152076,3168],{"class":1898},[55,152078,153],{"class":69},[55,152080,324],{"class":247},[55,152082,2351],{"class":251},[55,152084,315],{"class":247},[55,152086,24762],{"class":1898},[55,152088,8257],{"class":65},[55,152090,8260],{"class":65},[55,152092,63801],{"class":61},[20,152094,152095,152096,44],{},"If you see this, read ",[36,152097,62415],{"href":52744},[577,152099,152101],{"id":152100},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152103,152104],{},"This code:",[46,152106,152108],{"className":48,"code":152107,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152109,152110],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152111,152112,152114,152116,152118,152120,152122],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152113,49097],{"class":1898},[55,152115,103],{"class":69},[55,152117,248],{"class":247},[55,152119,4009],{"class":251},[55,152121,248],{"class":247},[55,152123,114],{"class":69},[20,152125,152126],{},"returns:",[46,152128,152130],{"className":48,"code":152129,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152131,152132],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152133,152134,152136,152138,152140,152142,152144,152146,152148,152150,152152,152154,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166,152168,152170,152172,152174],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152135,103],{"class":69},[55,152137,315],{"class":247},[55,152139,60562],{"class":251},[55,152141,315],{"class":247},[55,152143,77],{"class":69},[55,152145,324],{"class":247},[55,152147,60571],{"class":251},[55,152149,315],{"class":247},[55,152151,77],{"class":69},[55,152153,324],{"class":247},[55,152155,60580],{"class":251},[55,152157,315],{"class":247},[55,152159,77],{"class":69},[55,152161,324],{"class":247},[55,152163,60580],{"class":251},[55,152165,315],{"class":247},[55,152167,77],{"class":69},[55,152169,324],{"class":247},[55,152171,60597],{"class":251},[55,152173,315],{"class":247},[55,152175,114],{"class":69},[20,152177,41047,152178,152180],{},[1966,152179,1968],{}," return:",[46,152182,152184],{"className":48,"code":152183,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('hello',)\n",[15,152185,152186],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152187,152188,152190,152192,152194,152196],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152189,103],{"class":69},[55,152191,315],{"class":247},[55,152193,4009],{"class":251},[55,152195,315],{"class":247},[55,152197,149327],{"class":69},[20,152199,152200],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[46,152202,152204],{"className":48,"code":152203,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152205,152206,152223],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152207,152208,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152209,152210],{"class":61},"single ",[55,152212,66],{"class":65},[55,152214,9398],{"class":69},[55,152216,248],{"class":247},[55,152218,4009],{"class":251},[55,152220,248],{"class":247},[55,152222,149327],{"class":69},[55,152224,152225,152227,152229,152232],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,152226,121],{"class":120},[55,152228,103],{"class":69},[55,152230,152231],{"class":99},"single",[55,152233,114],{"class":69},[577,152235,152237],{"id":152236},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152239,152104],{},[46,152241,152243],{"className":48,"code":152242,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152244,152245,152277],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152246,152247,152249,152251,152253,152255,152257,152259,152261,152263,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152248,9327],{"class":61},[55,152250,66],{"class":65},[55,152252,10652],{"class":69},[55,152254,248],{"class":247},[55,152256,36],{"class":251},[55,152258,248],{"class":247},[55,152260,153],{"class":69},[55,152262,630],{"class":73},[55,152264,77],{"class":69},[55,152266,258],{"class":247},[55,152268,285],{"class":251},[55,152270,248],{"class":247},[55,152272,153],{"class":69},[55,152274,80],{"class":73},[55,152276,9471],{"class":69},[55,152278,152279,152281,152283,152285,152287,152289],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,152280,121],{"class":120},[55,152282,103],{"class":69},[55,152284,49097],{"class":1898},[55,152286,103],{"class":69},[55,152288,9366],{"class":99},[55,152290,1867],{"class":69},[20,152292,152293],{},"returns only the keys:",[46,152295,152297],{"className":48,"code":152296,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152298,152299],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152300,152301,152303,152305,152307,152309,152311,152313,152315,152317],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152302,103],{"class":69},[55,152304,315],{"class":247},[55,152306,36],{"class":251},[55,152308,315],{"class":247},[55,152310,77],{"class":69},[55,152312,324],{"class":247},[55,152314,285],{"class":251},[55,152316,315],{"class":247},[55,152318,114],{"class":69},[20,152320,152321],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[46,152323,152325],{"className":48,"code":152324,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152326,152327],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152328,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337,152339,152341,152343],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152330,121],{"class":120},[55,152332,103],{"class":69},[55,152334,49097],{"class":1898},[55,152336,103],{"class":69},[55,152338,9366],{"class":99},[55,152340,44],{"class":69},[55,152342,1057],{"class":99},[55,152344,6448],{"class":69},[577,152346,152348],{"id":152347},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152350,152351,152352,152354],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152353,38186],{}," conversion.",[20,152356,5631],{},[46,152358,152360],{"className":48,"code":152359,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152361,152362,152382],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152363,152364,152366,152368,152370,152372,152374,152376,152378,152380],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152365,2608],{"class":61},[55,152367,66],{"class":65},[55,152369,9398],{"class":69},[55,152371,74],{"class":73},[55,152373,77],{"class":69},[55,152375,80],{"class":73},[55,152377,77],{"class":69},[55,152379,111],{"class":73},[55,152381,114],{"class":69},[55,152383,152384,152386,152388,152390],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,152385,121],{"class":120},[55,152387,103],{"class":69},[55,152389,2633],{"class":99},[55,152391,114],{"class":69},[20,152393,152394],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152396,25650,152397,152399],{},[15,152398,38186],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[142,152401,1986],{"id":1985},[577,152403,152405],{"id":152404},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152407,152408],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[577,152410,152412],{"id":152411},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152414,152415,152416,44],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152417,7526],{},[577,152419,152421],{"id":152420},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152423,152424],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[577,152426,152428],{"id":152427},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152430,152431],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[577,152433,152435],{"id":152434},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152437,152438,152439,44],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152440,3168],{},[142,152442,2039],{"id":2038},[155,152444,152445,152449,152453,152457,152461,152465],{},[158,152446,152447],{},[36,152448,147971],{"href":147970},[158,152450,152451],{},[36,152452,150898],{"href":149274},[158,152454,152455],{},[36,152456,105035],{"href":60179},[158,152458,152459],{},[36,152460,151627],{"href":151626},[158,152462,152463],{},[36,152464,63674],{"href":63673},[158,152466,152467],{},[36,152468,62415],{"href":52744},[2080,152470,152471],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":152473},[152474,152475,152476,152477,152478,152485,152486,152487,152488,152494,152501],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":151101,"depth":91,"text":151102},{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":149647,"depth":91,"text":149648},{"id":151270,"depth":91,"text":151271,"children":152479},[152480,152481,152482,152483,152484],{"id":151274,"depth":117,"text":151275},{"id":151362,"depth":117,"text":151363},{"id":151461,"depth":117,"text":151462},{"id":151541,"depth":117,"text":151542},{"id":151630,"depth":117,"text":151631},{"id":151735,"depth":91,"text":151736},{"id":151905,"depth":91,"text":151906},{"id":151999,"depth":91,"text":152000},{"id":115299,"depth":91,"text":115300,"children":152489},[152490,152491,152492,152493],{"id":152049,"depth":117,"text":152050},{"id":152100,"depth":117,"text":152101},{"id":152236,"depth":117,"text":152237},{"id":152347,"depth":117,"text":152348},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":152495},[152496,152497,152498,152499,152500],{"id":152404,"depth":117,"text":152405},{"id":152411,"depth":117,"text":152412},{"id":152420,"depth":117,"text":152421},{"id":152427,"depth":117,"text":152428},{"id":152434,"depth":117,"text":152435},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150956,"description":152502},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152509,"title":152510,"body":152511,"description":153924,"extension":2124,"meta":153925,"navigation":428,"path":153926,"seo":153927,"stem":153928,"__hash__":153929},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152512,"toc":153896},[152513,152518,152523,152526,152528,152607,152613,152618,152622,152637,152639,152686,152688,152696,152704,152710,152712,152717,152737,152740,152767,152769,152793,152795,152937,152939,152943,152951,152954,152956,153033,153035,153043,153047,153051,153061,153071,153073,153078,153080,153139,153144,153146,153246,153248,153262,153267,153273,153280,153283,153285,153395,153399,153416,153418,153481,153483,153491,153503,153507,153512,153540,153543,153625,153627,153638,153640,153644,153671,153673,153675,153755,153763,153765,153820,153822,153827,153830,153834,153838,153840,153844,153848,153856,153863,153866,153868,153893],[10,152514,147855,152516,18],{"id":152515},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152517,59091],{},[20,152519,152520,152522],{},[15,152521,149176],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152524,152525],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[142,152527,2165],{"id":2164},[46,152529,152531],{"className":48,"code":152530,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152532,152533,152573,152595],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152534,152535,152537,152539,152541,152543,152545,152547,152549,152551,152553,152555,152557,152559,152561,152563,152565,152567,152569,152571],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152536,372],{"class":61},[55,152538,66],{"class":65},[55,152540,9398],{"class":69},[55,152542,248],{"class":247},[55,152544,381],{"class":251},[55,152546,248],{"class":247},[55,152548,77],{"class":69},[55,152550,258],{"class":247},[55,152552,390],{"class":251},[55,152554,248],{"class":247},[55,152556,77],{"class":69},[55,152558,258],{"class":247},[55,152560,399],{"class":251},[55,152562,248],{"class":247},[55,152564,77],{"class":69},[55,152566,258],{"class":247},[55,152568,390],{"class":251},[55,152570,248],{"class":247},[55,152572,114],{"class":69},[55,152574,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587,152589,152591,152593],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,152576,65044],{"class":61},[55,152578,66],{"class":65},[55,152580,421],{"class":61},[55,152582,44],{"class":69},[55,152584,201],{"class":99},[55,152586,103],{"class":69},[55,152588,248],{"class":247},[55,152590,390],{"class":251},[55,152592,248],{"class":247},[55,152594,114],{"class":69},[55,152596,152597,152599,152601,152603,152605],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,152598,121],{"class":120},[55,152600,103],{"class":69},[55,152602,65071],{"class":99},[55,152604,3825],{"class":69},[55,152606,27924],{"class":133},[20,152608,152609,152612],{},[15,152610,152611],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[142,152614,145,152616,148],{"id":152615},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152617,149176],{},[20,152619,568,152620,11572],{},[15,152621,59091],{},[155,152623,152624,152627,152629,152632],{},[158,152625,152626],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[158,152628,128453],{},[158,152630,152631],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[158,152633,152634,152635],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152636,227],{},[20,152638,230],{},[46,152640,152642],{"className":48,"code":152641,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152643,152644,152668],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152645,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152647,62],{"class":61},[55,152649,66],{"class":65},[55,152651,9398],{"class":69},[55,152653,800],{"class":73},[55,152655,77],{"class":69},[55,152657,7951],{"class":73},[55,152659,77],{"class":69},[55,152661,7956],{"class":73},[55,152663,77],{"class":69},[55,152665,7951],{"class":73},[55,152667,114],{"class":69},[55,152669,152670,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680,152682,152684],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,152671,121],{"class":120},[55,152673,103],{"class":69},[55,152675,94],{"class":99},[55,152677,44],{"class":69},[55,152679,201],{"class":99},[55,152681,103],{"class":69},[55,152683,15904],{"class":73},[55,152685,1867],{"class":69},[20,152687,302],{},[46,152689,152690],{"className":48,"code":47060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,152691,152692],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152693,152694],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152695,47060],{"class":73},[20,152697,21124,152698,152700,152701,152703],{},[15,152699,15904],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152702,59091],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152705,151122,152706,44],{},[36,152707,152709],{"href":152708},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[142,152711,2319],{"id":2318},[20,152713,7924,152714,152716],{},[15,152715,59091],{}," in two ways:",[46,152718,152720],{"className":48,"code":152719,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152721,152722],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152723,152724,152727,152729,152731,152733,152735],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152725,152726],{"class":61},"tuple_name",[55,152728,44],{"class":69},[55,152730,201],{"class":99},[55,152732,103],{"class":69},[55,152734,2633],{"class":99},[55,152736,114],{"class":69},[20,152738,152739],{},"or:",[46,152741,152743],{"className":48,"code":152742,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152744,152745],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152746,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152748,152726],{"class":61},[55,152750,44],{"class":69},[55,152752,201],{"class":99},[55,152754,103],{"class":69},[55,152756,2633],{"class":99},[55,152758,77],{"class":69},[55,152760,36192],{"class":99},[55,152762,77],{"class":69},[55,152764,65165],{"class":99},[55,152766,114],{"class":69},[577,152768,17545],{"id":17544},[155,152770,152771,152776,152781,152786],{},[158,152772,152773,152775],{},[15,152774,2633],{}," — the item to search for",[158,152777,152778,152780],{},[15,152779,36213],{}," — optional starting position",[158,152782,152783,152785],{},[15,152784,52804],{}," — optional ending position",[158,152787,152788,4944,152790,152792],{},[15,152789,52804],{},[1966,152791,65194],{}," in the search",[20,152794,230],{},[46,152796,152798],{"className":48,"code":152797,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152799,152800,152848,152852,152877,152905],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152801,152802,152804,152806,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840,152842,152844,152846],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152803,240],{"class":61},[55,152805,66],{"class":65},[55,152807,9398],{"class":69},[55,152809,248],{"class":247},[55,152811,36],{"class":251},[55,152813,248],{"class":247},[55,152815,77],{"class":69},[55,152817,258],{"class":247},[55,152819,285],{"class":251},[55,152821,248],{"class":247},[55,152823,77],{"class":69},[55,152825,258],{"class":247},[55,152827,261],{"class":251},[55,152829,248],{"class":247},[55,152831,77],{"class":69},[55,152833,258],{"class":247},[55,152835,285],{"class":251},[55,152837,248],{"class":247},[55,152839,77],{"class":69},[55,152841,258],{"class":247},[55,152843,886],{"class":251},[55,152845,248],{"class":247},[55,152847,114],{"class":69},[55,152849,152850],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,152851,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,152853,152854,152856,152858,152860,152862,152864,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,152855,121],{"class":120},[55,152857,103],{"class":69},[55,152859,270],{"class":99},[55,152861,44],{"class":69},[55,152863,201],{"class":99},[55,152865,103],{"class":69},[55,152867,248],{"class":247},[55,152869,285],{"class":251},[55,152871,248],{"class":247},[55,152873,5522],{"class":69},[55,152875,152876],{"class":133},"        # 1\n",[55,152878,152879,152881,152883,152885,152887,152889,152891,152893,152895,152897,152899,152901,152903],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,152880,121],{"class":120},[55,152882,103],{"class":69},[55,152884,270],{"class":99},[55,152886,44],{"class":69},[55,152888,201],{"class":99},[55,152890,103],{"class":69},[55,152892,248],{"class":247},[55,152894,285],{"class":251},[55,152896,248],{"class":247},[55,152898,77],{"class":69},[55,152900,80],{"class":73},[55,152902,5522],{"class":69},[55,152904,51063],{"class":133},[55,152906,152907,152909,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933,152935],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,152908,121],{"class":120},[55,152910,103],{"class":69},[55,152912,270],{"class":99},[55,152914,44],{"class":69},[55,152916,201],{"class":99},[55,152918,103],{"class":69},[55,152920,248],{"class":247},[55,152922,285],{"class":251},[55,152924,248],{"class":247},[55,152926,77],{"class":69},[55,152928,630],{"class":73},[55,152930,77],{"class":69},[55,152932,111],{"class":73},[55,152934,5522],{"class":69},[55,152936,27924],{"class":133},[142,152938,103362],{"id":103361},[20,152940,152941,25653],{},[15,152942,149176],{},[155,152944,152945,152948],{},[158,152946,152947],{},"An integer",[158,152949,152950],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152952,152953],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152955,230],{},[46,152957,152959],{"className":48,"code":152958,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152960,152961,153001,153023],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152962,152963,152965,152967,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993,152995,152997,152999],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152964,108461],{"class":61},[55,152966,66],{"class":65},[55,152968,9398],{"class":69},[55,152970,248],{"class":247},[55,152972,37186],{"class":251},[55,152974,248],{"class":247},[55,152976,77],{"class":69},[55,152978,258],{"class":247},[55,152980,58250],{"class":251},[55,152982,248],{"class":247},[55,152984,77],{"class":69},[55,152986,258],{"class":247},[55,152988,58267],{"class":251},[55,152990,248],{"class":247},[55,152992,77],{"class":69},[55,152994,258],{"class":247},[55,152996,58250],{"class":251},[55,152998,248],{"class":247},[55,153000,114],{"class":69},[55,153002,153003,153005,153007,153009,153011,153013,153015,153017,153019,153021],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,153004,1255],{"class":61},[55,153006,66],{"class":65},[55,153008,108504],{"class":61},[55,153010,44],{"class":69},[55,153012,201],{"class":99},[55,153014,103],{"class":69},[55,153016,248],{"class":247},[55,153018,58250],{"class":251},[55,153020,248],{"class":247},[55,153022,114],{"class":69},[55,153024,153025,153027,153029,153031],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,153026,121],{"class":120},[55,153028,103],{"class":69},[55,153030,1288],{"class":99},[55,153032,114],{"class":69},[20,153034,302],{},[46,153036,153037],{"className":48,"code":47060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,153038,153039],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153040,153041],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153042,47060],{"class":73},[142,153044,153046],{"id":153045},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153048,31,153049,993],{},[15,153050,149176],{},[155,153052,153053,153055,153058],{},[158,153054,66222],{},[158,153056,153057],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[158,153059,153060],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153062,153063,153064,153067,153068,44],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153065,153066],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[36,153069,149644],{"href":153070},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[142,153072,65754],{"id":65753},[20,153074,153075,153076,44],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153077,40845],{},[20,153079,230],{},[46,153081,153083],{"className":48,"code":153082,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153084,153085,153117],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153086,153087,153089,153091,153093,153095,153097,153099,153101,153103,153105,153107,153109,153111,153113,153115],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153088,372],{"class":61},[55,153090,66],{"class":65},[55,153092,9398],{"class":69},[55,153094,248],{"class":247},[55,153096,381],{"class":251},[55,153098,248],{"class":247},[55,153100,77],{"class":69},[55,153102,258],{"class":247},[55,153104,390],{"class":251},[55,153106,248],{"class":247},[55,153108,77],{"class":69},[55,153110,258],{"class":247},[55,153112,399],{"class":251},[55,153114,248],{"class":247},[55,153116,114],{"class":69},[55,153118,153119,153121,153123,153125,153127,153129,153131,153133,153135,153137],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,153120,121],{"class":120},[55,153122,103],{"class":69},[55,153124,434],{"class":99},[55,153126,44],{"class":69},[55,153128,201],{"class":99},[55,153130,103],{"class":69},[55,153132,248],{"class":247},[55,153134,449],{"class":251},[55,153136,248],{"class":247},[55,153138,1867],{"class":69},[20,153140,39794,153141,153143],{},[15,153142,109786],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153145,65829],{},[46,153147,153149],{"className":48,"code":153148,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153150,153151,153183,153187,153203,153225,153231],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153152,153153,153155,153157,153159,153161,153163,153165,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175,153177,153179,153181],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153154,372],{"class":61},[55,153156,66],{"class":65},[55,153158,9398],{"class":69},[55,153160,248],{"class":247},[55,153162,381],{"class":251},[55,153164,248],{"class":247},[55,153166,77],{"class":69},[55,153168,258],{"class":247},[55,153170,390],{"class":251},[55,153172,248],{"class":247},[55,153174,77],{"class":69},[55,153176,258],{"class":247},[55,153178,399],{"class":251},[55,153180,248],{"class":247},[55,153182,114],{"class":69},[55,153184,153185],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,153186,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,153188,153189,153191,153193,153195,153197,153199,153201],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,153190,7157],{"class":4040},[55,153192,258],{"class":247},[55,153194,449],{"class":251},[55,153196,248],{"class":247},[55,153198,21320],{"class":65},[55,153200,421],{"class":61},[55,153202,6552],{"class":69},[55,153204,153205,153207,153209,153211,153213,153215,153217,153219,153221,153223],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,153206,8230],{"class":120},[55,153208,103],{"class":69},[55,153210,434],{"class":99},[55,153212,44],{"class":69},[55,153214,201],{"class":99},[55,153216,103],{"class":69},[55,153218,248],{"class":247},[55,153220,449],{"class":251},[55,153222,248],{"class":247},[55,153224,1867],{"class":69},[55,153226,153227,153229],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,153228,27578],{"class":4040},[55,153230,6552],{"class":69},[55,153232,153233,153235,153237,153239,153242,153244],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,153234,8230],{"class":120},[55,153236,103],{"class":69},[55,153238,248],{"class":247},[55,153240,153241],{"class":251},"Value not found",[55,153243,248],{"class":247},[55,153245,114],{"class":69},[20,153247,302],{},[46,153249,153251],{"className":48,"code":153250,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Value not found\n",[15,153252,153253],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153254,153255,153258,153260],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153256,153257],{"class":61},"Value ",[55,153259,1968],{"class":65},[55,153261,65953],{"class":61},[20,153263,153264,153265,44],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[36,153266,65963],{"href":65962},[142,153268,8578,153269,352,153271],{"id":65531},[15,153270,36213],{},[15,153272,52804],{},[20,153274,568,153275,352,153277,153279],{},[15,153276,36213],{},[15,153278,52804],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153281,153282],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153284,230],{},[46,153286,153288],{"className":48,"code":153287,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153289,153290,153318,153322,153343,153367],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153291,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302,153304,153306,153308,153310,153312,153314,153316],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153293,3986],{"class":61},[55,153295,66],{"class":65},[55,153297,9398],{"class":69},[55,153299,2297],{"class":73},[55,153301,77],{"class":69},[55,153303,6162],{"class":73},[55,153305,77],{"class":69},[55,153307,4766],{"class":73},[55,153309,77],{"class":69},[55,153311,7951],{"class":73},[55,153313,77],{"class":69},[55,153315,4766],{"class":73},[55,153317,114],{"class":69},[55,153319,153320],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,153321,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,153323,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338,153340],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,153325,121],{"class":120},[55,153327,103],{"class":69},[55,153329,5519],{"class":99},[55,153331,44],{"class":69},[55,153333,201],{"class":99},[55,153335,103],{"class":69},[55,153337,2297],{"class":73},[55,153339,5522],{"class":69},[55,153341,153342],{"class":133},"        # 0\n",[55,153344,153345,153347,153349,153351,153353,153355,153357,153359,153361,153363,153365],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,153346,121],{"class":120},[55,153348,103],{"class":69},[55,153350,5519],{"class":99},[55,153352,44],{"class":69},[55,153354,201],{"class":99},[55,153356,103],{"class":69},[55,153358,2297],{"class":73},[55,153360,77],{"class":69},[55,153362,630],{"class":73},[55,153364,5522],{"class":69},[55,153366,51097],{"class":133},[55,153368,153369,153371,153373,153375,153377,153379,153381,153383,153385,153387,153389,153391,153393],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,153370,121],{"class":120},[55,153372,103],{"class":69},[55,153374,5519],{"class":99},[55,153376,44],{"class":69},[55,153378,201],{"class":99},[55,153380,103],{"class":69},[55,153382,2297],{"class":73},[55,153384,77],{"class":69},[55,153386,111],{"class":73},[55,153388,77],{"class":69},[55,153390,4766],{"class":73},[55,153392,5522],{"class":69},[55,153394,51080],{"class":133},[577,153396,153398],{"id":153397},"how-it-works","How it works",[155,153400,153401,153406,153411],{},[158,153402,153403,153405],{},[15,153404,36213],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[158,153407,153408,153410],{},[15,153409,52804],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[158,153412,568,153413,153415],{},[15,153414,52804],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153417,230],{},[46,153419,153421],{"className":48,"code":153420,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153422,153423,153451,153455],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153424,153425,153427,153429,153431,153433,153435,153437,153439,153441,153443,153445,153447,153449],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153426,3986],{"class":61},[55,153428,66],{"class":65},[55,153430,9398],{"class":69},[55,153432,2297],{"class":73},[55,153434,77],{"class":69},[55,153436,6162],{"class":73},[55,153438,77],{"class":69},[55,153440,4766],{"class":73},[55,153442,77],{"class":69},[55,153444,7951],{"class":73},[55,153446,77],{"class":69},[55,153448,4766],{"class":73},[55,153450,114],{"class":69},[55,153452,153453],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,153454,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,153456,153457,153459,153461,153463,153465,153467,153469,153471,153473,153475,153477,153479],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,153458,121],{"class":120},[55,153460,103],{"class":69},[55,153462,5519],{"class":99},[55,153464,44],{"class":69},[55,153466,201],{"class":99},[55,153468,103],{"class":69},[55,153470,2297],{"class":73},[55,153472,77],{"class":69},[55,153474,630],{"class":73},[55,153476,77],{"class":69},[55,153478,85],{"class":73},[55,153480,1867],{"class":69},[20,153482,302],{},[46,153484,153485],{"className":48,"code":17206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,153486,153487],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153488,153489],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153490,17206],{"class":73},[20,153492,153493,153494,2352,153496,17222,153498,153500,153501,44],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153495,74],{},[15,153497,106],{},[15,153499,2223],{},", but not ",[15,153502,2665],{},[142,153504,153506],{"id":153505},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153508,153509,153510,153],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153511,149176],{},[155,153513,153514,153522,153527,153534],{},[158,153515,153516,153517,153519,153520],{},"Do not confuse the ",[1966,153518,2633],{}," with the ",[1966,153521,201],{},[158,153523,153524,153525],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153526,227],{},[158,153528,31,153529,153533],{},[36,153530,149202,153531,43],{"href":149254},[15,153532,57413],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[158,153535,153536,153537,153539],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153538,153066],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153541,153542],{},"Example of value vs index:",[46,153544,153546],{"className":48,"code":153545,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153547,153548,153580,153584,153608],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153549,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572,153574,153576,153578],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153551,36378],{"class":61},[55,153553,66],{"class":65},[55,153555,9398],{"class":69},[55,153557,248],{"class":247},[55,153559,1035],{"class":251},[55,153561,248],{"class":247},[55,153563,77],{"class":69},[55,153565,258],{"class":247},[55,153567,1072],{"class":251},[55,153569,248],{"class":247},[55,153571,77],{"class":69},[55,153573,258],{"class":247},[55,153575,1044],{"class":251},[55,153577,248],{"class":247},[55,153579,114],{"class":69},[55,153581,153582],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,153583,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,153585,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596,153598,153600,153602,153604,153606],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,153587,121],{"class":120},[55,153589,103],{"class":69},[55,153591,36430],{"class":99},[55,153593,44],{"class":69},[55,153595,201],{"class":99},[55,153597,103],{"class":69},[55,153599,248],{"class":247},[55,153601,1072],{"class":251},[55,153603,248],{"class":247},[55,153605,5522],{"class":69},[55,153607,27924],{"class":133},[55,153609,153610,153612,153614,153616,153618,153620,153622],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,153611,121],{"class":120},[55,153613,103],{"class":69},[55,153615,36430],{"class":99},[55,153617,312],{"class":69},[55,153619,74],{"class":73},[55,153621,20593],{"class":69},[55,153623,153624],{"class":133},"               # banana\n",[20,153626,2341],{},[155,153628,153629,153633],{},[158,153630,153631,15396],{},[15,153632,65399],{},[158,153634,153635,153637],{},[15,153636,74],{}," is the index",[142,153639,2992],{"id":2991},[20,153641,106100,153642,153],{},[15,153643,149176],{},[155,153645,153646,153649,153654,153659,153666],{},[158,153647,153648],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[158,153650,1553,153651,153653],{},[15,153652,59091],{}," to return all matching positions",[158,153655,153656,153657],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153658,227],{},[158,153660,153661,153662,352,153664],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153663,36213],{},[15,153665,52804],{},[158,153667,37343,153668,153670],{},[15,153669,149176],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[577,153672,60834],{"id":60833},[20,153674,94362],{},[46,153676,153678],{"className":48,"code":153677,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153679,153680,153690,153704,153719,153737],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153681,153682,153684,153686,153688],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153683,121],{"class":120},[55,153685,103],{"class":69},[55,153687,147989],{"class":99},[55,153689,114],{"class":69},[55,153691,153692,153694,153696,153698,153700,153702],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,153693,121],{"class":120},[55,153695,103],{"class":69},[55,153697,1860],{"class":120},[55,153699,103],{"class":69},[55,153701,147989],{"class":99},[55,153703,1867],{"class":69},[55,153705,153706,153708,153710,153712,153714,153717],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,153707,121],{"class":120},[55,153709,103],{"class":69},[55,153711,2608],{"class":99},[55,153713,4047],{"class":4040},[55,153715,153716],{"class":99}," my_tuple",[55,153718,114],{"class":69},[55,153720,153721,153723,153725,153727,153729,153731,153733,153735],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,153722,121],{"class":120},[55,153724,103],{"class":69},[55,153726,147989],{"class":99},[55,153728,44],{"class":69},[55,153730,41401],{"class":99},[55,153732,103],{"class":69},[55,153734,2633],{"class":99},[55,153736,1867],{"class":69},[55,153738,153739,153741,153743,153745,153747,153749,153751,153753],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,153740,121],{"class":120},[55,153742,103],{"class":69},[55,153744,147989],{"class":99},[55,153746,44],{"class":69},[55,153748,201],{"class":99},[55,153750,103],{"class":69},[55,153752,2633],{"class":99},[55,153754,1867],{"class":69},[20,153756,153757,153758,84379,153760,153762],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153759,40845],{},[15,153761,2633],{}," is missing.",[20,153764,129606],{},[46,153766,153768],{"className":48,"code":153767,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153769,153770,153782,153800,153806],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153771,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153773,7157],{"class":4040},[55,153775,21731],{"class":61},[55,153777,4047],{"class":65},[55,153779,153716],{"class":61},[55,153781,6552],{"class":69},[55,153783,153784,153786,153788,153790,153792,153794,153796,153798],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,153785,8230],{"class":120},[55,153787,103],{"class":69},[55,153789,147989],{"class":99},[55,153791,44],{"class":69},[55,153793,201],{"class":99},[55,153795,103],{"class":69},[55,153797,2633],{"class":99},[55,153799,1867],{"class":69},[55,153801,153802,153804],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,153803,27578],{"class":4040},[55,153805,6552],{"class":69},[55,153807,153808,153810,153812,153814,153816,153818],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,153809,8230],{"class":120},[55,153811,103],{"class":69},[55,153813,248],{"class":247},[55,153815,153241],{"class":251},[55,153817,248],{"class":247},[55,153819,114],{"class":69},[142,153821,1986],{"id":1985},[577,153823,5303,153825,12871],{"id":153824},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153826,149176],{},[20,153828,153829],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[577,153831,153833],{"id":153832},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153835,153836,152703],{},[15,153837,149176],{},[577,153839,149155],{"id":149154},[20,153841,76840,153842,44],{},[15,153843,40845],{},[577,153845,153847],{"id":153846},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153849,153850,153851,352,153853,153855],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153852,36213],{},[15,153854,52804],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[577,153857,15052,153859,57329,153861,2027],{"id":153858},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153860,149176],{},[15,153862,64990],{},[20,153864,153865],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[142,153867,2039],{"id":2038},[155,153869,153870,153876,153880,153885,153889],{},[158,153871,153872],{},[36,153873,149202,153874,43],{"href":149254},[15,153875,57413],{},[158,153877,153878],{},[36,153879,149644],{"href":153070},[158,153881,153882],{},[36,153883,153884],{"href":150950},"Creating a tuple in Python",[158,153886,153887],{},[36,153888,65963],{"href":65962},[158,153890,153891],{},[36,153892,150898],{"href":152708},[2080,153894,153895],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":153897},[153898,153899,153901,153904,153905,153906,153907,153910,153911,153914,153923],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":152615,"depth":91,"text":153900},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319,"children":153902},[153903],{"id":17544,"depth":117,"text":17545},{"id":103361,"depth":91,"text":103362},{"id":153045,"depth":91,"text":153046},{"id":65753,"depth":91,"text":65754},{"id":65531,"depth":91,"text":66313,"children":153908},[153909],{"id":153397,"depth":117,"text":153398},{"id":153505,"depth":91,"text":153506},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992,"children":153912},[153913],{"id":60833,"depth":117,"text":60834},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":153915},[153916,153918,153919,153920,153921],{"id":153824,"depth":117,"text":153917},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153832,"depth":117,"text":153833},{"id":149154,"depth":117,"text":149155},{"id":153846,"depth":117,"text":153847},{"id":153858,"depth":117,"text":153922},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152510,"description":153924},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153931,"title":153932,"body":153933,"description":155328,"extension":2124,"meta":155329,"navigation":428,"path":153070,"seo":155330,"stem":155331,"__hash__":155332},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153934,"toc":155310},[153935,153938,153941,153944,153958,153960,153963,154057,154067,154073,154077,154080,154083,154085,154103,154105,154176,154178,154195,154199,154203,154206,154223,154226,154241,154243,154334,154337,154341,154344,154361,154363,154458,154461,154464,154468,154471,154565,154567,154586,154589,154593,154596,154598,154653,154655,154690,154693,154707,154715,154808,154817,154821,154824,154831,154834,154881,154883,154891,154894,154945,154947,154964,154969,154973,154976,154979,154981,155032,155035,155090,155093,155096,155098,155101,155121,155123,155196,155199,155212,155214,155218,155223,155227,155232,155249,155253,155256,155273,155277,155280,155282,155307],[10,153936,153932],{"id":153937},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153939,153940],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153942,153943],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[155,153945,153946,153949,153952,153955],{},[158,153947,153948],{},"positive indexes",[158,153950,153951],{},"negative indexes",[158,153953,153954],{},"common indexing mistakes",[158,153956,153957],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[142,153959,3774],{"id":3773},[20,153961,153962],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[46,153964,153966],{"className":48,"code":153965,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153967,153968,154000,154004,154021,154038],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153969,153970,153972,153974,153976,153978,153980,153982,153984,153986,153988,153990,153992,153994,153996,153998],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153971,372],{"class":61},[55,153973,66],{"class":65},[55,153975,9398],{"class":69},[55,153977,248],{"class":247},[55,153979,381],{"class":251},[55,153981,248],{"class":247},[55,153983,77],{"class":69},[55,153985,258],{"class":247},[55,153987,399],{"class":251},[55,153989,248],{"class":247},[55,153991,77],{"class":69},[55,153993,258],{"class":247},[55,153995,390],{"class":251},[55,153997,248],{"class":247},[55,153999,114],{"class":69},[55,154001,154002],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,154003,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,154005,154006,154008,154010,154012,154014,154016,154018],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,154007,121],{"class":120},[55,154009,103],{"class":69},[55,154011,434],{"class":99},[55,154013,312],{"class":69},[55,154015,227],{"class":73},[55,154017,20593],{"class":69},[55,154019,154020],{"class":133},"   # red\n",[55,154022,154023,154025,154027,154029,154031,154033,154035],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,154024,121],{"class":120},[55,154026,103],{"class":69},[55,154028,434],{"class":99},[55,154030,312],{"class":69},[55,154032,74],{"class":73},[55,154034,20593],{"class":69},[55,154036,154037],{"class":133},"   # green\n",[55,154039,154040,154042,154044,154046,154048,154050,154052,154054],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,154041,121],{"class":120},[55,154043,103],{"class":69},[55,154045,434],{"class":99},[55,154047,312],{"class":69},[55,154049,903],{"class":65},[55,154051,74],{"class":73},[55,154053,20593],{"class":69},[55,154055,154056],{"class":133},"  # blue\n",[155,154058,154059,154064],{},[158,154060,132395,154061,154063],{},[15,154062,227],{}," is the first item.",[158,154065,154066],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154068,154069,154070,44],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[36,154071,154072],{"href":147974},"how to create a tuple in Python",[142,154074,154076],{"id":154075},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154078,154079],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154081,154082],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154084,11617],{},[155,154086,154087,154090,154097,154100],{},[158,154088,154089],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[158,154091,154092,154093,19110,154095],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154094,227],{},[15,154096,74],{},[158,154098,154099],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[158,154101,154102],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154104,230],{},[46,154106,154108],{"className":48,"code":154107,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154109,154110,154130,154134,154148,154162],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154111,154112,154114,154116,154118,154120,154122,154124,154126,154128],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154113,62],{"class":61},[55,154115,66],{"class":65},[55,154117,9398],{"class":69},[55,154119,800],{"class":73},[55,154121,77],{"class":69},[55,154123,7951],{"class":73},[55,154125,77],{"class":69},[55,154127,7956],{"class":73},[55,154129,114],{"class":69},[55,154131,154132],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,154133,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,154135,154136,154138,154140,154142,154144,154146],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,154137,121],{"class":120},[55,154139,103],{"class":69},[55,154141,94],{"class":99},[55,154143,312],{"class":69},[55,154145,227],{"class":73},[55,154147,1777],{"class":69},[55,154149,154150,154152,154154,154156,154158,154160],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,154151,121],{"class":120},[55,154153,103],{"class":69},[55,154155,94],{"class":99},[55,154157,312],{"class":69},[55,154159,74],{"class":73},[55,154161,1777],{"class":69},[55,154163,154164,154166,154168,154170,154172,154174],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,154165,121],{"class":120},[55,154167,103],{"class":69},[55,154169,94],{"class":99},[55,154171,312],{"class":69},[55,154173,106],{"class":73},[55,154175,1777],{"class":69},[20,154177,302],{},[46,154179,154181],{"className":48,"code":154180,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154182,154183,154187,154191],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154184,154185],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154186,2537],{"class":73},[55,154188,154189],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,154190,71206],{"class":73},[55,154192,154193],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,154194,69822],{"class":73},[20,154196,59516,154197,44],{},[36,154198,147971],{"href":147970},[142,154200,154202],{"id":154201},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154204,154205],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[155,154207,154208,154213,154218],{},[158,154209,154210,154212],{},[15,154211,227],{}," = first item",[158,154214,154215,154217],{},[15,154216,74],{}," = second item",[158,154219,154220,154222],{},[15,154221,106],{}," = third item",[20,154224,154225],{},"Pattern:",[46,154227,154229],{"className":48,"code":154228,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154230,154231],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154232,154233,154235,154237,154239],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154234,152726],{"class":61},[55,154236,312],{"class":69},[55,154238,201],{"class":61},[55,154240,88],{"class":69},[20,154242,230],{},[46,154244,154246],{"className":48,"code":154245,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154247,154248,154280,154284,154301,154317],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154249,154250,154252,154254,154256,154258,154260,154262,154264,154266,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276,154278],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154251,36378],{"class":61},[55,154253,66],{"class":65},[55,154255,9398],{"class":69},[55,154257,248],{"class":247},[55,154259,1035],{"class":251},[55,154261,248],{"class":247},[55,154263,77],{"class":69},[55,154265,258],{"class":247},[55,154267,1072],{"class":251},[55,154269,248],{"class":247},[55,154271,77],{"class":69},[55,154273,258],{"class":247},[55,154275,4259],{"class":251},[55,154277,248],{"class":247},[55,154279,114],{"class":69},[55,154281,154282],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,154283,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,154285,154286,154288,154290,154292,154294,154296,154298],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,154287,121],{"class":120},[55,154289,103],{"class":69},[55,154291,36430],{"class":99},[55,154293,312],{"class":69},[55,154295,227],{"class":73},[55,154297,20593],{"class":69},[55,154299,154300],{"class":133},"  # apple\n",[55,154302,154303,154305,154307,154309,154311,154313,154315],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,154304,121],{"class":120},[55,154306,103],{"class":69},[55,154308,36430],{"class":99},[55,154310,312],{"class":69},[55,154312,74],{"class":73},[55,154314,20593],{"class":69},[55,154316,51630],{"class":133},[55,154318,154319,154321,154323,154325,154327,154329,154331],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,154320,121],{"class":120},[55,154322,103],{"class":69},[55,154324,36430],{"class":99},[55,154326,312],{"class":69},[55,154328,106],{"class":73},[55,154330,20593],{"class":69},[55,154332,154333],{"class":133},"  # cherry\n",[20,154335,154336],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[142,154338,154340],{"id":154339},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154342,154343],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[155,154345,154346,154351,154356],{},[158,154347,154348,154350],{},[15,154349,65978],{}," = last item",[158,154352,154353,154355],{},[15,154354,95392],{}," = second-to-last item",[158,154357,154358,154360],{},[15,154359,47814],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154362,230],{},[46,154364,154366],{"className":48,"code":154365,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154367,154368,154400,154404,154422,154440],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154369,154370,154372,154374,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390,154392,154394,154396,154398],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154371,36378],{"class":61},[55,154373,66],{"class":65},[55,154375,9398],{"class":69},[55,154377,248],{"class":247},[55,154379,1035],{"class":251},[55,154381,248],{"class":247},[55,154383,77],{"class":69},[55,154385,258],{"class":247},[55,154387,1072],{"class":251},[55,154389,248],{"class":247},[55,154391,77],{"class":69},[55,154393,258],{"class":247},[55,154395,4259],{"class":251},[55,154397,248],{"class":247},[55,154399,114],{"class":69},[55,154401,154402],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,154403,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,154405,154406,154408,154410,154412,154414,154416,154418,154420],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,154407,121],{"class":120},[55,154409,103],{"class":69},[55,154411,36430],{"class":99},[55,154413,312],{"class":69},[55,154415,903],{"class":65},[55,154417,74],{"class":73},[55,154419,20593],{"class":69},[55,154421,154333],{"class":133},[55,154423,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432,154434,154436,154438],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,154425,121],{"class":120},[55,154427,103],{"class":69},[55,154429,36430],{"class":99},[55,154431,312],{"class":69},[55,154433,903],{"class":65},[55,154435,106],{"class":73},[55,154437,20593],{"class":69},[55,154439,51630],{"class":133},[55,154441,154442,154444,154446,154448,154450,154452,154454,154456],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,154443,121],{"class":120},[55,154445,103],{"class":69},[55,154447,36430],{"class":99},[55,154449,312],{"class":69},[55,154451,903],{"class":65},[55,154453,2223],{"class":73},[55,154455,20593],{"class":69},[55,154457,154300],{"class":133},[20,154459,154460],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154462,154463],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[142,154465,154467],{"id":154466},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154469,154470],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[46,154472,154474],{"className":48,"code":154473,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154475,154476,154508,154512,154529,154546],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154477,154478,154480,154482,154484,154486,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496,154498,154500,154502,154504,154506],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154479,5155],{"class":61},[55,154481,66],{"class":65},[55,154483,9398],{"class":69},[55,154485,248],{"class":247},[55,154487,13036],{"class":251},[55,154489,248],{"class":247},[55,154491,77],{"class":69},[55,154493,258],{"class":247},[55,154495,36081],{"class":251},[55,154497,248],{"class":247},[55,154499,77],{"class":69},[55,154501,258],{"class":247},[55,154503,36090],{"class":251},[55,154505,248],{"class":247},[55,154507,114],{"class":69},[55,154509,154510],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,154511,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,154513,154514,154516,154518,154520,154522,154524,154526],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,154515,121],{"class":120},[55,154517,103],{"class":69},[55,154519,5199],{"class":99},[55,154521,312],{"class":69},[55,154523,227],{"class":73},[55,154525,20593],{"class":69},[55,154527,154528],{"class":133},"   # first item\n",[55,154530,154531,154533,154535,154537,154539,154541,154543],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,154532,121],{"class":120},[55,154534,103],{"class":69},[55,154536,5199],{"class":99},[55,154538,312],{"class":69},[55,154540,74],{"class":73},[55,154542,20593],{"class":69},[55,154544,154545],{"class":133},"   # middle item\n",[55,154547,154548,154550,154552,154554,154556,154558,154560,154562],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,154549,121],{"class":120},[55,154551,103],{"class":69},[55,154553,5199],{"class":99},[55,154555,312],{"class":69},[55,154557,903],{"class":65},[55,154559,74],{"class":73},[55,154561,20593],{"class":69},[55,154563,154564],{"class":133},"  # last item\n",[20,154566,302],{},[46,154568,154570],{"className":48,"code":154569,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154571,154572,154576,154581],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154573,154574],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154575,50184],{"class":61},[55,154577,154578],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,154579,154580],{"class":61},"Ben\n",[55,154582,154583],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,154584,154585],{"class":61},"Cara\n",[20,154587,154588],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[142,154590,154592],{"id":154591},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154594,154595],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154597,230],{},[46,154599,154601],{"className":48,"code":154600,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154602,154603,154635,154639],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154604,154605,154607,154609,154611,154613,154615,154617,154619,154621,154623,154625,154627,154629,154631,154633],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154606,240],{"class":61},[55,154608,66],{"class":65},[55,154610,9398],{"class":69},[55,154612,248],{"class":247},[55,154614,36],{"class":251},[55,154616,248],{"class":247},[55,154618,77],{"class":69},[55,154620,258],{"class":247},[55,154622,285],{"class":251},[55,154624,248],{"class":247},[55,154626,77],{"class":69},[55,154628,258],{"class":247},[55,154630,261],{"class":251},[55,154632,248],{"class":247},[55,154634,114],{"class":69},[55,154636,154637],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,154638,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,154640,154641,154643,154645,154647,154649,154651],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,154642,121],{"class":120},[55,154644,103],{"class":69},[55,154646,270],{"class":99},[55,154648,312],{"class":69},[55,154650,2297],{"class":73},[55,154652,1777],{"class":69},[20,154654,302],{},[46,154656,154658],{"className":48,"code":154657,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154659,154660,154672,154677],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154661,154662,154665,154667,154670],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154663,154664],{"class":99},"Traceback ",[55,154666,103],{"class":69},[55,154668,154669],{"class":99},"most recent call last",[55,154671,8502],{"class":69},[55,154673,154674],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,154675,154676],{"class":1885},"  ...\n",[55,154678,154679,154681,154683,154685,154688],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,154680,70713],{"class":1898},[55,154682,153],{"class":69},[55,154684,149337],{"class":1898},[55,154686,154687],{"class":61}," index out of ",[55,154689,70905],{"class":120},[20,154691,154692],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[155,154694,154695,154699,154703],{},[158,154696,154697],{},[15,154698,227],{},[158,154700,154701],{},[15,154702,74],{},[158,154704,154705],{},[15,154706,106],{},[20,154708,154709,154710,44],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[36,154711,154712,154714],{"href":149209},[15,154713,42503],{}," on a tuple",[46,154716,154718],{"className":48,"code":154717,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154719,154720,154752,154756,154772,154776,154794],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154721,154722,154724,154726,154728,154730,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742,154744,154746,154748,154750],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154723,240],{"class":61},[55,154725,66],{"class":65},[55,154727,9398],{"class":69},[55,154729,248],{"class":247},[55,154731,36],{"class":251},[55,154733,248],{"class":247},[55,154735,77],{"class":69},[55,154737,258],{"class":247},[55,154739,285],{"class":251},[55,154741,248],{"class":247},[55,154743,77],{"class":69},[55,154745,258],{"class":247},[55,154747,261],{"class":251},[55,154749,248],{"class":247},[55,154751,114],{"class":69},[55,154753,154754],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,154755,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,154757,154758,154760,154762,154764,154766,154768,154770],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,154759,121],{"class":120},[55,154761,103],{"class":69},[55,154763,1860],{"class":120},[55,154765,103],{"class":69},[55,154767,270],{"class":99},[55,154769,5522],{"class":69},[55,154771,50915],{"class":133},[55,154773,154774],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,154775,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,154777,154778,154780,154782,154784,154786,154788,154790,154792],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,154779,7157],{"class":4040},[55,154781,38526],{"class":120},[55,154783,103],{"class":69},[55,154785,270],{"class":99},[55,154787,3825],{"class":69},[55,154789,38536],{"class":65},[55,154791,80],{"class":73},[55,154793,6552],{"class":69},[55,154795,154796,154798,154800,154802,154804,154806],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,154797,8230],{"class":120},[55,154799,103],{"class":69},[55,154801,270],{"class":99},[55,154803,312],{"class":69},[55,154805,106],{"class":73},[55,154807,1777],{"class":69},[20,154809,154810,154811,44],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[36,154812,25824,154814],{"href":154813},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154815,154816],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[142,154818,154820],{"id":154819},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154822,154823],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[155,154825,154826,154828],{},[158,154827,76857],{},[158,154829,154830],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154832,154833],{},"Indexing example:",[46,154835,154837],{"className":48,"code":154836,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154838,154839,154863,154867],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154840,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853,154855,154857,154859,154861],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154842,62],{"class":61},[55,154844,66],{"class":65},[55,154846,9398],{"class":69},[55,154848,800],{"class":73},[55,154850,77],{"class":69},[55,154852,7951],{"class":73},[55,154854,77],{"class":69},[55,154856,7956],{"class":73},[55,154858,77],{"class":69},[55,154860,50988],{"class":73},[55,154862,114],{"class":69},[55,154864,154865],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,154866,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,154868,154869,154871,154873,154875,154877,154879],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,154870,121],{"class":120},[55,154872,103],{"class":69},[55,154874,94],{"class":99},[55,154876,312],{"class":69},[55,154878,74],{"class":73},[55,154880,1777],{"class":69},[20,154882,302],{},[46,154884,154885],{"className":48,"code":71206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,154886,154887],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154888,154889],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154890,71206],{"class":73},[20,154892,154893],{},"Slicing example:",[46,154895,154897],{"className":48,"code":154896,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154898,154899,154923,154927],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154900,154901,154903,154905,154907,154909,154911,154913,154915,154917,154919,154921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154902,62],{"class":61},[55,154904,66],{"class":65},[55,154906,9398],{"class":69},[55,154908,800],{"class":73},[55,154910,77],{"class":69},[55,154912,7951],{"class":73},[55,154914,77],{"class":69},[55,154916,7956],{"class":73},[55,154918,77],{"class":69},[55,154920,50988],{"class":73},[55,154922,114],{"class":69},[55,154924,154925],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,154926,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,154928,154929,154931,154933,154935,154937,154939,154941,154943],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,154930,121],{"class":120},[55,154932,103],{"class":69},[55,154934,94],{"class":99},[55,154936,312],{"class":69},[55,154938,74],{"class":73},[55,154940,153],{"class":69},[55,154942,2223],{"class":73},[55,154944,1777],{"class":69},[20,154946,302],{},[46,154948,154950],{"className":48,"code":154949,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154951,154952],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154953,154954,154956,154958,154960,154962],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154955,103],{"class":69},[55,154957,15904],{"class":73},[55,154959,77],{"class":69},[55,154961,7956],{"class":73},[55,154963,114],{"class":69},[20,154965,154966,154967,44],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[36,154968,150888],{"href":150887},[142,154970,154972],{"id":154971},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154974,154975],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154977,154978],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154980,6847],{},[46,154982,154984],{"className":48,"code":154983,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154985,154986,155018],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154987,154988,154990,154992,154994,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006,155008,155010,155012,155014,155016],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154989,372],{"class":61},[55,154991,66],{"class":65},[55,154993,9398],{"class":69},[55,154995,248],{"class":247},[55,154997,381],{"class":251},[55,154999,248],{"class":247},[55,155001,77],{"class":69},[55,155003,258],{"class":247},[55,155005,399],{"class":251},[55,155007,248],{"class":247},[55,155009,77],{"class":69},[55,155011,258],{"class":247},[55,155013,390],{"class":251},[55,155015,248],{"class":247},[55,155017,114],{"class":69},[55,155019,155020,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,155021,121],{"class":120},[55,155023,103],{"class":69},[55,155025,434],{"class":99},[55,155027,312],{"class":69},[55,155029,74],{"class":73},[55,155031,1777],{"class":69},[20,155033,155034],{},"But this does not work:",[46,155036,155038],{"className":48,"code":155037,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155039,155040,155072],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155041,155042,155044,155046,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058,155060,155062,155064,155066,155068,155070],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155043,372],{"class":61},[55,155045,66],{"class":65},[55,155047,9398],{"class":69},[55,155049,248],{"class":247},[55,155051,381],{"class":251},[55,155053,248],{"class":247},[55,155055,77],{"class":69},[55,155057,258],{"class":247},[55,155059,399],{"class":251},[55,155061,248],{"class":247},[55,155063,77],{"class":69},[55,155065,258],{"class":247},[55,155067,390],{"class":251},[55,155069,248],{"class":247},[55,155071,114],{"class":69},[55,155073,155074,155076,155078,155080,155082,155084,155086,155088],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,155075,434],{"class":61},[55,155077,312],{"class":69},[55,155079,74],{"class":73},[55,155081,1680],{"class":69},[55,155083,1683],{"class":65},[55,155085,258],{"class":247},[55,155087,449],{"class":251},[55,155089,3522],{"class":247},[20,155091,155092],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155094,155095],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[142,155097,2992],{"id":2991},[20,155099,155100],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[155,155102,155103,155109,155112,155115],{},[158,155104,132699,155105,11252,155107],{},[15,155106,74],{},[15,155108,227],{},[158,155110,155111],{},"Using an index that is too large",[158,155113,155114],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[158,155116,155117,155118],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155119,155120],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155122,62419],{},[46,155124,155126],{"className":48,"code":155125,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155127,155128,155138,155152,155166,155182],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155129,155130,155132,155134,155136],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155131,121],{"class":120},[55,155133,103],{"class":69},[55,155135,147989],{"class":99},[55,155137,114],{"class":69},[55,155139,155140,155142,155144,155146,155148,155150],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,155141,121],{"class":120},[55,155143,103],{"class":69},[55,155145,1860],{"class":120},[55,155147,103],{"class":69},[55,155149,147989],{"class":99},[55,155151,1867],{"class":69},[55,155153,155154,155156,155158,155160,155162,155164],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,155155,121],{"class":120},[55,155157,103],{"class":69},[55,155159,147989],{"class":99},[55,155161,312],{"class":69},[55,155163,227],{"class":73},[55,155165,1777],{"class":69},[55,155167,155168,155170,155172,155174,155176,155178,155180],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,155169,121],{"class":120},[55,155171,103],{"class":69},[55,155173,147989],{"class":99},[55,155175,312],{"class":69},[55,155177,903],{"class":65},[55,155179,74],{"class":73},[55,155181,1777],{"class":69},[55,155183,155184,155186,155188,155190,155192,155194],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,155185,121],{"class":120},[55,155187,103],{"class":69},[55,155189,1910],{"class":1898},[55,155191,103],{"class":69},[55,155193,147989],{"class":99},[55,155195,1867],{"class":69},[20,155197,155198],{},"These can help you confirm:",[155,155200,155201,155204,155206,155209],{},[158,155202,155203],{},"what the tuple contains",[158,155205,60908],{},[158,155207,155208],{},"what the first and last items are",[158,155210,155211],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[142,155213,1986],{"id":1985},[577,155215,155217],{"id":155216},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155219,155220,155221,44],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155222,227],{},[577,155224,155226],{"id":155225},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155228,31,155229,155231],{},[15,155230,65978],{}," as the index:",[46,155233,155235],{"className":48,"code":155234,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155236,155237],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155238,155239,155241,155243,155245,155247],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155240,147989],{"class":61},[55,155242,312],{"class":69},[55,155244,903],{"class":65},[55,155246,74],{"class":73},[55,155248,88],{"class":69},[577,155250,155252],{"id":155251},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155254,155255],{},"Python raises:",[46,155257,155259],{"className":48,"code":155258,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155260,155261],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155262,155263,155265,155267,155269,155271],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155264,70713],{"class":1898},[55,155266,153],{"class":69},[55,155268,149337],{"class":1898},[55,155270,154687],{"class":61},[55,155272,70905],{"class":120},[577,155274,155276],{"id":155275},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155278,155279],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[142,155281,2039],{"id":2038},[155,155283,155284,155289,155293,155297,155303],{},[158,155285,155286],{},[36,155287,155288],{"href":147974},"How to create a tuple in Python",[158,155290,155291],{},[36,155292,150888],{"href":150887},[158,155294,155295],{},[36,155296,150893],{"href":149209},[158,155298,155299],{},[36,155300,26266,155301],{"href":154813},[15,155302,154816],{},[158,155304,155305],{},[36,155306,147971],{"href":147970},[2080,155308,155309],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":155311},[155312,155313,155314,155315,155316,155317,155318,155319,155320,155321,155327],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":154075,"depth":91,"text":154076},{"id":154201,"depth":91,"text":154202},{"id":154339,"depth":91,"text":154340},{"id":154466,"depth":91,"text":154467},{"id":154591,"depth":91,"text":154592},{"id":154819,"depth":91,"text":154820},{"id":154971,"depth":91,"text":154972},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":155322},[155323,155324,155325,155326],{"id":155216,"depth":117,"text":155217},{"id":155225,"depth":117,"text":155226},{"id":155251,"depth":117,"text":155252},{"id":155275,"depth":117,"text":155276},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153932,"description":155328},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155334,"title":155335,"body":155336,"description":157225,"extension":2124,"meta":157226,"navigation":428,"path":157227,"seo":157228,"stem":157229,"__hash__":157230},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155337,"toc":157182},[155338,155344,155349,155400,155404,155412,155418,155420,155436,155438,155441,155456,155458,155471,155473,155530,155534,155542,155549,155555,155561,155565,155616,155620,155628,155632,155661,155665,155673,155677,155710,155714,155722,155726,155729,155780,155784,155792,155794,155811,155815,155819,155878,155882,155890,155893,155920,155924,155932,155936,155942,156017,156021,156058,156066,156070,156133,156137,156145,156150,156154,156160,156203,156207,156215,156221,156224,156271,156275,156283,156292,156298,156353,156357,156365,156368,156372,156374,156405,156409,156428,156431,156476,156480,156503,156509,156514,156516,156563,156568,156571,156619,156623,156631,156635,156640,156644,156694,156698,156713,156717,156775,156779,156794,156798,156869,156873,156882,156886,156965,156969,156991,156999,157001,157004,157029,157031,157084,157086,157103,157105,157109,157115,157120,157125,157129,157134,157138,157143,157149,157152,157154,157179],[10,155339,155341,155342,3825],{"id":155340},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155343,1860],{},[20,155345,31,155346,155348],{},[15,155347,42503],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[46,155350,155352],{"className":48,"code":155351,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155353,155354,155386],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155355,155356,155358,155360,155362,155364,155366,155368,155370,155372,155374,155376,155378,155380,155382,155384],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155357,372],{"class":61},[55,155359,66],{"class":65},[55,155361,9398],{"class":69},[55,155363,248],{"class":247},[55,155365,381],{"class":251},[55,155367,248],{"class":247},[55,155369,77],{"class":69},[55,155371,258],{"class":247},[55,155373,399],{"class":251},[55,155375,248],{"class":247},[55,155377,77],{"class":69},[55,155379,258],{"class":247},[55,155381,390],{"class":251},[55,155383,248],{"class":247},[55,155385,114],{"class":69},[55,155387,155388,155390,155392,155394,155396,155398],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,155389,121],{"class":120},[55,155391,103],{"class":69},[55,155393,1860],{"class":120},[55,155395,103],{"class":69},[55,155397,434],{"class":99},[55,155399,1867],{"class":69},[20,155401,155402],{},[1966,155403,302],{},[46,155405,155406],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155407,155408],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155409,155410],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155411,46760],{"class":73},[20,155413,31,155414,155417],{},[15,155415,155416],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[142,155419,15312],{"id":15311},[155,155421,155422,155427,155431,155434],{},[158,155423,4361,155424,155426],{},[15,155425,42503],{}," works with tuples",[158,155428,68240,155429,11862],{},[15,155430,42503],{},[158,155432,155433],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[158,155435,1211],{},[142,155437,2319],{"id":2318},[20,155439,155440],{},"Use this pattern:",[46,155442,155444],{"className":48,"code":155443,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155445,155446],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155447,155448,155450,155452,155454],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155449,1860],{"class":120},[55,155451,103],{"class":69},[55,155453,147989],{"class":99},[55,155455,114],{"class":69},[20,155457,11617],{},[155,155459,155460,155463,155466],{},[158,155461,155462],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[158,155464,155465],{},"The result is an integer",[158,155467,155468,155470],{},[15,155469,42503],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155472,230],{},[46,155474,155476],{"className":48,"code":155475,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155477,155478,155502,155516,155520],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155479,155480,155482,155484,155486,155488,155490,155492,155494,155496,155498,155500],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155481,62],{"class":61},[55,155483,66],{"class":65},[55,155485,9398],{"class":69},[55,155487,800],{"class":73},[55,155489,77],{"class":69},[55,155491,7951],{"class":73},[55,155493,77],{"class":69},[55,155495,7956],{"class":73},[55,155497,77],{"class":69},[55,155499,50988],{"class":73},[55,155501,114],{"class":69},[55,155503,155504,155506,155508,155510,155512,155514],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,155505,41383],{"class":61},[55,155507,66],{"class":65},[55,155509,38526],{"class":120},[55,155511,103],{"class":69},[55,155513,94],{"class":99},[55,155515,114],{"class":69},[55,155517,155518],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,155519,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,155521,155522,155524,155526,155528],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,155523,121],{"class":120},[55,155525,103],{"class":69},[55,155527,41401],{"class":99},[55,155529,114],{"class":69},[20,155531,155532],{},[1966,155533,302],{},[46,155535,155536],{"className":48,"code":48794,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155537,155538],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155539,155540],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155541,48794],{"class":73},[20,155543,155544,155545,44],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[36,155546,3740,155547,3673],{"href":42500},[15,155548,42503],{},[142,155550,145,155552,155554],{"id":155551},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155553,42503],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155556,155557,155558,155560],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155559,42503],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[577,155562,155564],{"id":155563},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[46,155566,155568],{"className":48,"code":155567,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155569,155570,155602],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155571,155572,155574,155576,155578,155580,155582,155584,155586,155588,155590,155592,155594,155596,155598,155600],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155573,36378],{"class":61},[55,155575,66],{"class":65},[55,155577,9398],{"class":69},[55,155579,248],{"class":247},[55,155581,1035],{"class":251},[55,155583,248],{"class":247},[55,155585,77],{"class":69},[55,155587,258],{"class":247},[55,155589,1072],{"class":251},[55,155591,248],{"class":247},[55,155593,77],{"class":69},[55,155595,258],{"class":247},[55,155597,1044],{"class":251},[55,155599,248],{"class":247},[55,155601,114],{"class":69},[55,155603,155604,155606,155608,155610,155612,155614],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,155605,121],{"class":120},[55,155607,103],{"class":69},[55,155609,1860],{"class":120},[55,155611,103],{"class":69},[55,155613,36430],{"class":99},[55,155615,1867],{"class":69},[20,155617,155618],{},[1966,155619,302],{},[46,155621,155622],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155623,155624],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155625,155626],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155627,46760],{"class":73},[577,155629,155631],{"id":155630},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[46,155633,155635],{"className":48,"code":155634,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155636,155637,155646],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155638,155639,155642,155644],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155640,155641],{"class":61},"empty_tuple ",[55,155643,66],{"class":65},[55,155645,149313],{"class":69},[55,155647,155648,155650,155652,155654,155656,155659],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,155649,121],{"class":120},[55,155651,103],{"class":69},[55,155653,1860],{"class":120},[55,155655,103],{"class":69},[55,155657,155658],{"class":99},"empty_tuple",[55,155660,1867],{"class":69},[20,155662,155663],{},[1966,155664,302],{},[46,155666,155667],{"className":48,"code":47395,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155668,155669],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155670,155671],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155672,47395],{"class":73},[577,155674,155676],{"id":155675},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[46,155678,155680],{"className":48,"code":155679,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155681,155682,155695],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155683,155684,155687,155689,155691,155693],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155685,155686],{"class":61},"single_value ",[55,155688,66],{"class":65},[55,155690,9398],{"class":69},[55,155692,2297],{"class":73},[55,155694,149327],{"class":69},[55,155696,155697,155699,155701,155703,155705,155708],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,155698,121],{"class":120},[55,155700,103],{"class":69},[55,155702,1860],{"class":120},[55,155704,103],{"class":69},[55,155706,155707],{"class":99},"single_value",[55,155709,1867],{"class":69},[20,155711,155712],{},[1966,155713,302],{},[46,155715,155716],{"className":48,"code":47060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155717,155718],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155719,155720],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155721,47060],{"class":73},[577,155723,155725],{"id":155724},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155727,155728],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[46,155730,155732],{"className":48,"code":155731,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155733,155734,155766],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155735,155736,155738,155740,155742,155744,155746,155748,155750,155752,155754,155756,155758,155760,155762,155764],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155737,9327],{"class":61},[55,155739,66],{"class":65},[55,155741,9398],{"class":69},[55,155743,74],{"class":73},[55,155745,77],{"class":69},[55,155747,9398],{"class":69},[55,155749,106],{"class":73},[55,155751,77],{"class":69},[55,155753,111],{"class":73},[55,155755,9395],{"class":69},[55,155757,70],{"class":69},[55,155759,2665],{"class":73},[55,155761,77],{"class":69},[55,155763,4766],{"class":73},[55,155765,1777],{"class":69},[55,155767,155768,155770,155772,155774,155776,155778],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,155769,121],{"class":120},[55,155771,103],{"class":69},[55,155773,1860],{"class":120},[55,155775,103],{"class":69},[55,155777,9366],{"class":99},[55,155779,1867],{"class":69},[20,155781,155782],{},[1966,155783,302],{},[46,155785,155786],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155787,155788],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155789,155790],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155791,46760],{"class":73},[20,155793,20104],{},[155,155795,155796,155801,155806],{},[158,155797,155798,155800],{},[15,155799,74],{}," is one item",[158,155802,155803,155800],{},[15,155804,155805],{},"(2, 3)",[158,155807,155808,155800],{},[15,155809,155810],{},"[4, 5]",[142,155812,155814],{"id":155813},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[577,155816,155818],{"id":155817},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[46,155820,155822],{"className":48,"code":155821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155823,155824,155864],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155825,155826,155828,155830,155832,155834,155836,155838,155840,155842,155844,155846,155848,155850,155852,155854,155856,155858,155860,155862],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155827,372],{"class":61},[55,155829,66],{"class":65},[55,155831,9398],{"class":69},[55,155833,248],{"class":247},[55,155835,381],{"class":251},[55,155837,248],{"class":247},[55,155839,77],{"class":69},[55,155841,258],{"class":247},[55,155843,399],{"class":251},[55,155845,248],{"class":247},[55,155847,77],{"class":69},[55,155849,258],{"class":247},[55,155851,390],{"class":251},[55,155853,248],{"class":247},[55,155855,77],{"class":69},[55,155857,258],{"class":247},[55,155859,449],{"class":251},[55,155861,248],{"class":247},[55,155863,114],{"class":69},[55,155865,155866,155868,155870,155872,155874,155876],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,155867,121],{"class":120},[55,155869,103],{"class":69},[55,155871,1860],{"class":120},[55,155873,103],{"class":69},[55,155875,434],{"class":99},[55,155877,1867],{"class":69},[20,155879,155880],{},[1966,155881,302],{},[46,155883,155884],{"className":48,"code":48794,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155885,155886],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155887,155888],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155889,48794],{"class":73},[577,155891,155631],{"id":155892},"empty-tuple-1",[46,155894,155896],{"className":48,"code":155895,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155897,155898,155906],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155899,155900,155902,155904],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155901,1026],{"class":61},[55,155903,66],{"class":65},[55,155905,149313],{"class":69},[55,155907,155908,155910,155912,155914,155916,155918],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,155909,121],{"class":120},[55,155911,103],{"class":69},[55,155913,1860],{"class":120},[55,155915,103],{"class":69},[55,155917,1057],{"class":99},[55,155919,1867],{"class":69},[20,155921,155922],{},[1966,155923,302],{},[46,155925,155926],{"className":48,"code":47395,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155927,155928],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155929,155930],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155931,47395],{"class":73},[577,155933,155935],{"id":155934},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155937,155938,155939,155941],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[1966,155940,1968],{}," always a tuple.",[46,155943,155945],{"className":48,"code":155944,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155946,155947,155959,155971,155975,155989,156003],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155948,155949,155951,155953,155955,155957],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155950,2715],{"class":61},[55,155952,66],{"class":65},[55,155954,9398],{"class":69},[55,155956,2297],{"class":73},[55,155958,114],{"class":69},[55,155960,155961,155963,155965,155967,155969],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,155962,2743],{"class":61},[55,155964,66],{"class":65},[55,155966,9398],{"class":69},[55,155968,2297],{"class":73},[55,155970,149327],{"class":69},[55,155972,155973],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,155974,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,155976,155977,155979,155981,155983,155985,155987],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,155978,121],{"class":120},[55,155980,103],{"class":69},[55,155982,1910],{"class":1898},[55,155984,103],{"class":69},[55,155986,36],{"class":99},[55,155988,1867],{"class":69},[55,155990,155991,155993,155995,155997,155999,156001],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,155992,121],{"class":120},[55,155994,103],{"class":69},[55,155996,1910],{"class":1898},[55,155998,103],{"class":69},[55,156000,285],{"class":99},[55,156002,1867],{"class":69},[55,156004,156005,156007,156009,156011,156013,156015],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,156006,121],{"class":120},[55,156008,103],{"class":69},[55,156010,1860],{"class":120},[55,156012,103],{"class":69},[55,156014,285],{"class":99},[55,156016,1867],{"class":69},[20,156018,156019],{},[1966,156020,302],{},[46,156022,156024],{"className":48,"code":156023,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156025,156026,156040,156054],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156027,156028,156030,156032,156034,156036,156038],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156029,3454],{"class":65},[55,156031,3457],{"class":2226},[55,156033,324],{"class":247},[55,156035,2351],{"class":251},[55,156037,315],{"class":247},[55,156039,3466],{"class":65},[55,156041,156042,156044,156046,156048,156050,156052],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,156043,3454],{"class":65},[55,156045,3457],{"class":2226},[55,156047,324],{"class":247},[55,156049,49097],{"class":251},[55,156051,315],{"class":247},[55,156053,3466],{"class":65},[55,156055,156056],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,156057,47060],{"class":73},[20,156059,156060,156061,352,156064,44],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[36,156062,156063],{"href":147974},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[36,156065,149275],{"href":149274},[577,156067,156069],{"id":156068},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[46,156071,156073],{"className":48,"code":156072,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156074,156075,156119],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156076,156077,156079,156081,156083,156085,156087,156089,156091,156093,156095,156097,156099,156101,156103,156105,156107,156109,156111,156113,156115,156117],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156078,59596],{"class":61},[55,156080,66],{"class":65},[55,156082,9398],{"class":69},[55,156084,248],{"class":247},[55,156086,1035],{"class":251},[55,156088,248],{"class":247},[55,156090,77],{"class":69},[55,156092,70],{"class":69},[55,156094,74],{"class":73},[55,156096,77],{"class":69},[55,156098,80],{"class":73},[55,156100,1813],{"class":69},[55,156102,9398],{"class":69},[55,156104,248],{"class":247},[55,156106,2336],{"class":251},[55,156108,248],{"class":247},[55,156110,77],{"class":69},[55,156112,258],{"class":247},[55,156114,11902],{"class":251},[55,156116,248],{"class":247},[55,156118,1867],{"class":69},[55,156120,156121,156123,156125,156127,156129,156131],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,156122,121],{"class":120},[55,156124,103],{"class":69},[55,156126,1860],{"class":120},[55,156128,103],{"class":69},[55,156130,59649],{"class":99},[55,156132,1867],{"class":69},[20,156134,156135],{},[1966,156136,302],{},[46,156138,156139],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,156140,156141],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156142,156143],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156144,46760],{"class":73},[20,156146,156147,156149],{},[15,156148,42503],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[142,156151,156153],{"id":156152},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[577,156155,156157,156159],{"id":156156},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156158,42503],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[46,156161,156163],{"className":48,"code":156162,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156164,156165,156189],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156166,156167,156169,156171,156173,156175,156177,156179,156181,156183,156185,156187],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156168,4234],{"class":61},[55,156170,66],{"class":65},[55,156172,9398],{"class":69},[55,156174,248],{"class":247},[55,156176,63720],{"class":251},[55,156178,248],{"class":247},[55,156180,77],{"class":69},[55,156182,258],{"class":247},[55,156184,50],{"class":251},[55,156186,248],{"class":247},[55,156188,114],{"class":69},[55,156190,156191,156193,156195,156197,156199,156201],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,156192,121],{"class":120},[55,156194,103],{"class":69},[55,156196,1860],{"class":120},[55,156198,103],{"class":69},[55,156200,4276],{"class":99},[55,156202,1867],{"class":69},[20,156204,156205],{},[1966,156206,302],{},[46,156208,156209],{"className":48,"code":17206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,156210,156211],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156212,156213],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156214,17206],{"class":73},[20,156216,156217,156218,156220],{},"This result is ",[15,156219,106],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156222,156223],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[46,156225,156227],{"className":48,"code":156226,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156228,156229,156253],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156230,156231,156233,156235,156237,156239,156241,156243,156245,156247,156249,156251],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156232,4234],{"class":61},[55,156234,66],{"class":65},[55,156236,9398],{"class":69},[55,156238,248],{"class":247},[55,156240,63720],{"class":251},[55,156242,248],{"class":247},[55,156244,77],{"class":69},[55,156246,258],{"class":247},[55,156248,50],{"class":251},[55,156250,248],{"class":247},[55,156252,114],{"class":69},[55,156254,156255,156257,156259,156261,156263,156265,156267,156269],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,156256,121],{"class":120},[55,156258,103],{"class":69},[55,156260,1860],{"class":120},[55,156262,103],{"class":69},[55,156264,4276],{"class":99},[55,156266,312],{"class":69},[55,156268,227],{"class":73},[55,156270,3162],{"class":69},[20,156272,156273],{},[1966,156274,302],{},[46,156276,156277],{"className":48,"code":17206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,156278,156279],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156280,156281],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156282,17206],{"class":73},[20,156284,341,156285,156288,156289,44],{},[15,156286,156287],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156290,156291],{},"\"hi\"",[577,156293,156295,156297],{"id":156294},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156296,42503],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[46,156299,156301],{"className":48,"code":156300,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156302,156303,156339],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156304,156305,156307,156309,156311,156313,156315,156317,156319,156321,156323,156325,156327,156329,156331,156333,156335,156337],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156306,3986],{"class":61},[55,156308,66],{"class":65},[55,156310,10157],{"class":69},[55,156312,74],{"class":73},[55,156314,77],{"class":69},[55,156316,80],{"class":73},[55,156318,9395],{"class":69},[55,156320,9398],{"class":69},[55,156322,2223],{"class":73},[55,156324,77],{"class":69},[55,156326,85],{"class":73},[55,156328,9395],{"class":69},[55,156330,9398],{"class":69},[55,156332,2297],{"class":73},[55,156334,77],{"class":69},[55,156336,37783],{"class":73},[55,156338,1867],{"class":69},[55,156340,156341,156343,156345,156347,156349,156351],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,156342,121],{"class":120},[55,156344,103],{"class":69},[55,156346,1860],{"class":120},[55,156348,103],{"class":69},[55,156350,5519],{"class":99},[55,156352,1867],{"class":69},[20,156354,156355],{},[1966,156356,302],{},[46,156358,156359],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,156360,156361],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156362,156363],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156364,46760],{"class":73},[20,156366,156367],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[577,156369,156371],{"id":156370},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156373,1225],{},[46,156375,156377],{"className":48,"code":156376,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156378,156379,156391],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156380,156381,156383,156385,156387,156389],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156382,2608],{"class":61},[55,156384,66],{"class":65},[55,156386,9398],{"class":69},[55,156388,800],{"class":73},[55,156390,114],{"class":69},[55,156392,156393,156395,156397,156399,156401,156403],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,156394,121],{"class":120},[55,156396,103],{"class":69},[55,156398,1910],{"class":1898},[55,156400,103],{"class":69},[55,156402,2633],{"class":99},[55,156404,1867],{"class":69},[20,156406,156407],{},[1966,156408,302],{},[46,156410,156412],{"className":48,"code":156411,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156413,156414],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156415,156416,156418,156420,156422,156424,156426],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156417,3454],{"class":65},[55,156419,3457],{"class":2226},[55,156421,324],{"class":247},[55,156423,2351],{"class":251},[55,156425,315],{"class":247},[55,156427,3466],{"class":65},[20,156429,156430],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[46,156432,156434],{"className":48,"code":156433,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156435,156436,156448,156462],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156437,156438,156440,156442,156444,156446],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156439,2608],{"class":61},[55,156441,66],{"class":65},[55,156443,9398],{"class":69},[55,156445,800],{"class":73},[55,156447,149327],{"class":69},[55,156449,156450,156452,156454,156456,156458,156460],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,156451,121],{"class":120},[55,156453,103],{"class":69},[55,156455,1910],{"class":1898},[55,156457,103],{"class":69},[55,156459,2633],{"class":99},[55,156461,1867],{"class":69},[55,156463,156464,156466,156468,156470,156472,156474],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,156465,121],{"class":120},[55,156467,103],{"class":69},[55,156469,1860],{"class":120},[55,156471,103],{"class":69},[55,156473,2633],{"class":99},[55,156475,1867],{"class":69},[20,156477,156478],{},[1966,156479,302],{},[46,156481,156483],{"className":48,"code":156482,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156484,156485,156499],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156486,156487,156489,156491,156493,156495,156497],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156488,3454],{"class":65},[55,156490,3457],{"class":2226},[55,156492,324],{"class":247},[55,156494,49097],{"class":251},[55,156496,315],{"class":247},[55,156498,3466],{"class":65},[55,156500,156501],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,156502,47060],{"class":73},[577,156504,156506,156508],{"id":156505},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156507,1860],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156510,44571,156511,156513],{},[15,156512,1860],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156515,44602],{},[46,156517,156519],{"className":48,"code":156518,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156520,156521,156529,156549],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156522,156523,156525,156527],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156524,1860],{"class":120},[55,156526,1683],{"class":65},[55,156528,2748],{"class":73},[55,156530,156531,156533,156535,156537,156539,156541,156543,156545,156547],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,156532,62],{"class":61},[55,156534,66],{"class":65},[55,156536,9398],{"class":69},[55,156538,74],{"class":73},[55,156540,77],{"class":69},[55,156542,80],{"class":73},[55,156544,77],{"class":69},[55,156546,111],{"class":73},[55,156548,114],{"class":69},[55,156550,156551,156553,156555,156557,156559,156561],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,156552,121],{"class":120},[55,156554,103],{"class":69},[55,156556,1860],{"class":120},[55,156558,103],{"class":69},[55,156560,94],{"class":99},[55,156562,1867],{"class":69},[20,156564,39794,156565,156567],{},[15,156566,1860],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156569,156570],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[46,156572,156574],{"className":48,"code":156573,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156575,156576,156585,156605],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156577,156578,156581,156583],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156579,156580],{"class":61},"length_value ",[55,156582,66],{"class":65},[55,156584,2748],{"class":73},[55,156586,156587,156589,156591,156593,156595,156597,156599,156601,156603],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,156588,62],{"class":61},[55,156590,66],{"class":65},[55,156592,9398],{"class":69},[55,156594,74],{"class":73},[55,156596,77],{"class":69},[55,156598,80],{"class":73},[55,156600,77],{"class":69},[55,156602,111],{"class":73},[55,156604,114],{"class":69},[55,156606,156607,156609,156611,156613,156615,156617],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,156608,121],{"class":120},[55,156610,103],{"class":69},[55,156612,1860],{"class":120},[55,156614,103],{"class":69},[55,156616,94],{"class":99},[55,156618,1867],{"class":69},[20,156620,156621],{},[1966,156622,302],{},[46,156624,156625],{"className":48,"code":46760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,156626,156627],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156628,156629],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156630,46760],{"class":73},[142,156632,156634],{"id":156633},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156636,156637,156639],{},[15,156638,42503],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[577,156641,156643],{"id":156642},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[46,156645,156647],{"className":48,"code":156646,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156648,156649,156657,156661,156679],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156650,156651,156653,156655],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156652,1026],{"class":61},[55,156654,66],{"class":65},[55,156656,149313],{"class":69},[55,156658,156659],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,156660,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,156662,156663,156665,156667,156669,156671,156673,156675,156677],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,156664,7157],{"class":4040},[55,156666,38526],{"class":120},[55,156668,103],{"class":69},[55,156670,1057],{"class":99},[55,156672,3825],{"class":69},[55,156674,6567],{"class":65},[55,156676,3997],{"class":73},[55,156678,6552],{"class":69},[55,156680,156681,156683,156685,156687,156690,156692],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,156682,8230],{"class":120},[55,156684,103],{"class":69},[55,156686,248],{"class":247},[55,156688,156689],{"class":251},"The tuple is empty",[55,156691,248],{"class":247},[55,156693,114],{"class":69},[20,156695,156696],{},[1966,156697,302],{},[46,156699,156701],{"className":48,"code":156700,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156702,156703],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156704,156705,156707,156709,156711],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156706,568],{"class":61},[55,156708,49097],{"class":1898},[55,156710,8257],{"class":65},[55,156712,8263],{"class":61},[577,156714,156716],{"id":156715},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[46,156718,156720],{"className":48,"code":156719,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156721,156722,156738,156742,156760],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156723,156724,156726,156728,156730,156732,156734,156736],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156725,51529],{"class":61},[55,156727,66],{"class":65},[55,156729,9398],{"class":69},[55,156731,2665],{"class":73},[55,156733,77],{"class":69},[55,156735,6151],{"class":73},[55,156737,114],{"class":69},[55,156739,156740],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,156741,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,156743,156744,156746,156748,156750,156752,156754,156756,156758],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,156745,7157],{"class":4040},[55,156747,38526],{"class":120},[55,156749,103],{"class":69},[55,156751,51554],{"class":99},[55,156753,3825],{"class":69},[55,156755,6567],{"class":65},[55,156757,80],{"class":73},[55,156759,6552],{"class":69},[55,156761,156762,156764,156766,156768,156771,156773],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,156763,8230],{"class":120},[55,156765,103],{"class":69},[55,156767,248],{"class":247},[55,156769,156770],{"class":251},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[55,156772,248],{"class":247},[55,156774,114],{"class":69},[20,156776,156777],{},[1966,156778,302],{},[46,156780,156782],{"className":48,"code":156781,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156783,156784],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156785,156786,156789,156791],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156787,156788],{"class":61},"This looks like an x",[55,156790,77],{"class":69},[55,156792,156793],{"class":61}," y coordinate\n",[577,156795,156797],{"id":156796},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[46,156799,156801],{"className":48,"code":156800,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156802,156803,156832,156836,156854],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156804,156805,156807,156809,156811,156813,156815,156817,156819,156821,156823,156825,156828,156830],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156806,11647],{"class":61},[55,156808,66],{"class":65},[55,156810,9398],{"class":69},[55,156812,248],{"class":247},[55,156814,13036],{"class":251},[55,156816,248],{"class":247},[55,156818,77],{"class":69},[55,156820,9468],{"class":73},[55,156822,77],{"class":69},[55,156824,258],{"class":247},[55,156826,156827],{"class":251},"Canada",[55,156829,248],{"class":247},[55,156831,114],{"class":69},[55,156833,156834],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,156835,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,156837,156838,156840,156842,156844,156846,156848,156850,156852],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,156839,7157],{"class":4040},[55,156841,38526],{"class":120},[55,156843,103],{"class":69},[55,156845,11740],{"class":99},[55,156847,3825],{"class":69},[55,156849,6567],{"class":65},[55,156851,111],{"class":73},[55,156853,6552],{"class":69},[55,156855,156856,156858,156860,156862,156865,156867],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,156857,8230],{"class":120},[55,156859,103],{"class":69},[55,156861,248],{"class":247},[55,156863,156864],{"class":251},"User record has the expected number of values",[55,156866,248],{"class":247},[55,156868,114],{"class":69},[20,156870,156871],{},[1966,156872,302],{},[46,156874,156876],{"className":48,"code":156875,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156877,156878],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156879,156880],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156881,156875],{"class":61},[577,156883,156885],{"id":156884},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[46,156887,156889],{"className":48,"code":156888,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156890,156891,156923,156927,156947],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156892,156893,156895,156897,156899,156901,156903,156905,156907,156909,156911,156913,156915,156917,156919,156921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156894,240],{"class":61},[55,156896,66],{"class":65},[55,156898,9398],{"class":69},[55,156900,248],{"class":247},[55,156902,36],{"class":251},[55,156904,248],{"class":247},[55,156906,77],{"class":69},[55,156908,258],{"class":247},[55,156910,285],{"class":251},[55,156912,248],{"class":247},[55,156914,77],{"class":69},[55,156916,258],{"class":247},[55,156918,261],{"class":251},[55,156920,248],{"class":247},[55,156922,114],{"class":69},[55,156924,156925],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,156926,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,156928,156929,156931,156933,156935,156937,156939,156941,156943,156945],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,156930,6115],{"class":4040},[55,156932,69530],{"class":61},[55,156934,4047],{"class":4040},[55,156936,54205],{"class":120},[55,156938,103],{"class":69},[55,156940,1860],{"class":120},[55,156942,103],{"class":69},[55,156944,270],{"class":99},[55,156946,69545],{"class":69},[55,156948,156949,156951,156953,156955,156957,156959,156961,156963],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,156950,8230],{"class":120},[55,156952,103],{"class":69},[55,156954,36293],{"class":99},[55,156956,77],{"class":69},[55,156958,70078],{"class":99},[55,156960,312],{"class":69},[55,156962,36293],{"class":99},[55,156964,1777],{"class":69},[20,156966,156967],{},[1966,156968,302],{},[46,156970,156971],{"className":48,"code":36305,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,156972,156973,156979,156985],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156974,156975,156977],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156976,227],{"class":73},[55,156978,36314],{"class":61},[55,156980,156981,156983],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,156982,74],{"class":73},[55,156984,36321],{"class":61},[55,156986,156987,156989],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,156988,106],{"class":73},[55,156990,36328],{"class":61},[20,156992,156993,156994,156996,156997,44],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[36,156995,149644],{"href":149643},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[36,156998,150888],{"href":150887},[142,157000,2992],{"id":2991},[20,157002,157003],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[155,157005,157006,157014,157021,157026],{},[158,157007,157008,157009,11252,157012],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157010,157011],{},"(5)",[15,157013,149478],{},[158,157015,8578,157016,157018,157019],{},[15,157017,1860],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157020,42503],{},[158,157022,1553,157023,157025],{},[15,157024,42503],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[158,157027,157028],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157030,32227],{},[46,157032,157034],{"className":48,"code":157033,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157035,157036,157046,157060,157074],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157037,157038,157040,157042,157044],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157039,121],{"class":120},[55,157041,103],{"class":69},[55,157043,147989],{"class":99},[55,157045,114],{"class":69},[55,157047,157048,157050,157052,157054,157056,157058],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,157049,121],{"class":120},[55,157051,103],{"class":69},[55,157053,1910],{"class":1898},[55,157055,103],{"class":69},[55,157057,147989],{"class":99},[55,157059,1867],{"class":69},[55,157061,157062,157064,157066,157068,157070,157072],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,157063,121],{"class":120},[55,157065,103],{"class":69},[55,157067,1860],{"class":120},[55,157069,103],{"class":69},[55,157071,147989],{"class":99},[55,157073,1867],{"class":69},[55,157075,157076,157078,157080,157082],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,157077,1893],{"class":120},[55,157079,103],{"class":69},[55,157081,1860],{"class":120},[55,157083,114],{"class":69},[20,157085,155198],{},[155,157087,157088,157091,157094,157098],{},[158,157089,157090],{},"what value you are using",[158,157092,157093],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[158,157095,26163,157096,11862],{},[15,157097,42503],{},[158,157099,123362,157100,157102],{},[15,157101,42503],{}," is documented in Python",[142,157104,1986],{"id":1985},[577,157106,157108],{"id":157107},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157110,31,157111,157114],{},[15,157112,157113],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[577,157116,1990,157118,149148],{"id":157117},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157119,42503],{},[20,157121,46508,157122,157124],{},[15,157123,42503],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[577,157126,157128],{"id":157127},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157130,157131,157132,44],{},"The length is ",[15,157133,227],{},[577,157135,157137],{"id":157136},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157139,150834,157140,157142],{},[15,157141,150837],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[577,157144,1990,157146,157148],{"id":157145},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157147,42503],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157150,157151],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[142,157153,2039],{"id":2038},[155,157155,157156,157162,157166,157170,157174],{},[158,157157,157158],{},[36,157159,3740,157160,3673],{"href":42500},[15,157161,42503],{},[158,157163,157164],{},[36,157165,156063],{"href":147974},[158,157167,157168],{},[36,157169,149644],{"href":149643},[158,157171,157172],{},[36,157173,150888],{"href":150887},[158,157175,157176],{},[36,157177,157178],{"href":149274},"What is a tuple in Python",[2080,157180,157181],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":157183},[157184,157185,157186,157193,157199,157208,157214,157215,157224],{"id":15311,"depth":91,"text":15312},{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":155551,"depth":91,"text":157187,"children":157188},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157189,157190,157191,157192],{"id":155563,"depth":117,"text":155564},{"id":155630,"depth":117,"text":155631},{"id":155675,"depth":117,"text":155676},{"id":155724,"depth":117,"text":155725},{"id":155813,"depth":91,"text":155814,"children":157194},[157195,157196,157197,157198],{"id":155817,"depth":117,"text":155818},{"id":155892,"depth":117,"text":155631},{"id":155934,"depth":117,"text":155935},{"id":156068,"depth":117,"text":156069},{"id":156152,"depth":91,"text":156153,"children":157200},[157201,157203,157205,157206],{"id":156156,"depth":117,"text":157202},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156294,"depth":117,"text":157204},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156370,"depth":117,"text":156371},{"id":156505,"depth":117,"text":157207},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156633,"depth":91,"text":156634,"children":157209},[157210,157211,157212,157213],{"id":156642,"depth":117,"text":156643},{"id":156715,"depth":117,"text":156716},{"id":156796,"depth":117,"text":156797},{"id":156884,"depth":117,"text":156885},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":157216},[157217,157218,157220,157221,157222],{"id":157107,"depth":117,"text":157108},{"id":157117,"depth":117,"text":157219},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157127,"depth":117,"text":157128},{"id":157136,"depth":117,"text":157137},{"id":157145,"depth":117,"text":157223},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155335,"description":157225},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157232,"title":157233,"body":157234,"description":159619,"extension":2124,"meta":159620,"navigation":428,"path":159621,"seo":159622,"stem":159623,"__hash__":159624},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157235,"toc":159580},[157236,157239,157242,157245,157268,157274,157276,157387,157391,157394,157404,157406,157505,157507,157584,157590,157594,157597,157620,157623,157640,157643,157645,157708,157710,157727,157738,157743,157745,157748,157754,157805,157807,157827,157831,157882,157884,157905,157909,157964,157966,157987,157991,158046,158048,158069,158073,158126,158128,158157,158159,158161,158164,158168,158225,158227,158248,158252,158305,158307,158332,158337,158341,158346,158364,158367,158430,158432,158453,158456,158517,158519,158540,158543,158586,158589,158593,158598,158602,158681,158683,158714,158718,158793,158795,158822,158826,158873,158875,158883,158888,158892,158895,158910,158912,159000,159002,159027,159030,159073,159082,159084,159087,159102,159105,159109,159163,159165,159185,159190,159194,159196,159234,159237,159287,159291,159364,159366,159403,159406,159408,159411,159431,159434,159503,159505,159518,159520,159524,159527,159531,159534,159539,159542,159548,159553,159555,159577],[10,157237,157233],{"id":157238},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157240,157241],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157243,157244],{},"Use this format:",[46,157246,157248],{"className":48,"code":157247,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157249,157250],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157251,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264,157266],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157253,49097],{"class":61},[55,157255,312],{"class":69},[55,157257,36213],{"class":61},[55,157259,153],{"class":69},[55,157261,75408],{"class":61},[55,157263,153],{"class":69},[55,157265,75411],{"class":61},[55,157267,88],{"class":69},[20,157269,568,157270,75444,157272,44],{},[15,157271,75408],{},[1966,157273,65194],{},[142,157275,2165],{"id":2164},[46,157277,157279],{"className":48,"code":157278,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157280,157281,157309,157313,157334,157351,157368],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157282,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293,157295,157297,157299,157301,157303,157305,157307],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157284,62],{"class":61},[55,157286,66],{"class":65},[55,157288,9398],{"class":69},[55,157290,800],{"class":73},[55,157292,77],{"class":69},[55,157294,7951],{"class":73},[55,157296,77],{"class":69},[55,157298,7956],{"class":73},[55,157300,77],{"class":69},[55,157302,50988],{"class":73},[55,157304,77],{"class":69},[55,157306,5241],{"class":73},[55,157308,114],{"class":69},[55,157310,157311],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,157312,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,157314,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323,157325,157327,157329,157331],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,157316,121],{"class":120},[55,157318,103],{"class":69},[55,157320,94],{"class":99},[55,157322,312],{"class":69},[55,157324,74],{"class":73},[55,157326,153],{"class":69},[55,157328,2665],{"class":73},[55,157330,20593],{"class":69},[55,157332,157333],{"class":133},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[55,157335,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,157337,121],{"class":120},[55,157339,103],{"class":69},[55,157341,94],{"class":99},[55,157343,75517],{"class":69},[55,157345,2223],{"class":73},[55,157347,20593],{"class":69},[55,157349,157350],{"class":133},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[55,157352,157353,157355,157357,157359,157361,157363,157365],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,157354,121],{"class":120},[55,157356,103],{"class":69},[55,157358,94],{"class":99},[55,157360,74104],{"class":69},[55,157362,106],{"class":73},[55,157364,20593],{"class":69},[55,157366,157367],{"class":133},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[55,157369,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382,157384],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,157371,121],{"class":120},[55,157373,103],{"class":69},[55,157375,94],{"class":99},[55,157377,74104],{"class":69},[55,157379,903],{"class":65},[55,157381,74],{"class":73},[55,157383,20593],{"class":69},[55,157385,157386],{"class":133},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[142,157388,157390],{"id":157389},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157392,157393],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[155,157395,157396,157398,157401],{},[158,157397,75711],{},[158,157399,157400],{},"The result is a new tuple",[158,157402,157403],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157405,230],{},[46,157407,157409],{"className":48,"code":157408,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157410,157411,157459,157463,157481,157485,157495],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157412,157413,157415,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429,157431,157433,157435,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455,157457],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157414,240],{"class":61},[55,157416,66],{"class":65},[55,157418,9398],{"class":69},[55,157420,248],{"class":247},[55,157422,36],{"class":251},[55,157424,248],{"class":247},[55,157426,77],{"class":69},[55,157428,258],{"class":247},[55,157430,285],{"class":251},[55,157432,248],{"class":247},[55,157434,77],{"class":69},[55,157436,258],{"class":247},[55,157438,261],{"class":251},[55,157440,248],{"class":247},[55,157442,77],{"class":69},[55,157444,258],{"class":247},[55,157446,886],{"class":251},[55,157448,248],{"class":247},[55,157450,77],{"class":69},[55,157452,258],{"class":247},[55,157454,60571],{"class":251},[55,157456,248],{"class":247},[55,157458,114],{"class":69},[55,157460,157461],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,157462,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,157464,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473,157475,157477,157479],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,157466,75641],{"class":61},[55,157468,66],{"class":65},[55,157470,70078],{"class":61},[55,157472,312],{"class":69},[55,157474,74],{"class":73},[55,157476,153],{"class":69},[55,157478,2665],{"class":73},[55,157480,88],{"class":69},[55,157482,157483],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,157484,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,157486,157487,157489,157491,157493],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,157488,121],{"class":120},[55,157490,103],{"class":69},[55,157492,75664],{"class":99},[55,157494,114],{"class":69},[55,157496,157497,157499,157501,157503],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,157498,121],{"class":120},[55,157500,103],{"class":69},[55,157502,270],{"class":99},[55,157504,114],{"class":69},[20,157506,302],{},[46,157508,157510],{"className":48,"code":157509,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157511,157512,157540],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157513,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157515,103],{"class":69},[55,157517,315],{"class":247},[55,157519,285],{"class":251},[55,157521,315],{"class":247},[55,157523,77],{"class":69},[55,157525,324],{"class":247},[55,157527,261],{"class":251},[55,157529,315],{"class":247},[55,157531,77],{"class":69},[55,157533,324],{"class":247},[55,157535,886],{"class":251},[55,157537,315],{"class":247},[55,157539,114],{"class":69},[55,157541,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572,157574,157576,157578,157580,157582],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,157543,103],{"class":69},[55,157545,315],{"class":247},[55,157547,36],{"class":251},[55,157549,315],{"class":247},[55,157551,77],{"class":69},[55,157553,324],{"class":247},[55,157555,285],{"class":251},[55,157557,315],{"class":247},[55,157559,77],{"class":69},[55,157561,324],{"class":247},[55,157563,261],{"class":251},[55,157565,315],{"class":247},[55,157567,77],{"class":69},[55,157569,324],{"class":247},[55,157571,886],{"class":251},[55,157573,315],{"class":247},[55,157575,77],{"class":69},[55,157577,324],{"class":247},[55,157579,60571],{"class":251},[55,157581,315],{"class":247},[55,157583,114],{"class":69},[20,157585,157586,157587,44],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[36,157588,147971],{"href":157589},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[142,157591,157593],{"id":157592},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157595,157596],{},"The full syntax is:",[46,157598,157600],{"className":48,"code":157599,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157601,157602],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157603,157604,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157605,147989],{"class":61},[55,157607,312],{"class":69},[55,157609,36213],{"class":61},[55,157611,153],{"class":69},[55,157613,75408],{"class":61},[55,157615,153],{"class":69},[55,157617,75411],{"class":61},[55,157619,88],{"class":69},[20,157621,157622],{},"Each part has a job:",[155,157624,157625,157630,157635],{},[158,157626,157627,157629],{},[15,157628,36213],{},": where slicing begins",[158,157631,157632,157634],{},[15,157633,75408],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[158,157636,157637,157639],{},[15,157638,75411],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157641,157642],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157644,230],{},[46,157646,157648],{"className":48,"code":157647,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157649,157650,157682,157686],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157651,157652,157654,157656,157658,157660,157662,157664,157666,157668,157670,157672,157674,157676,157678,157680],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157653,62],{"class":61},[55,157655,66],{"class":65},[55,157657,9398],{"class":69},[55,157659,800],{"class":73},[55,157661,77],{"class":69},[55,157663,7951],{"class":73},[55,157665,77],{"class":69},[55,157667,7956],{"class":73},[55,157669,77],{"class":69},[55,157671,50988],{"class":73},[55,157673,77],{"class":69},[55,157675,5241],{"class":73},[55,157677,77],{"class":69},[55,157679,76082],{"class":73},[55,157681,114],{"class":69},[55,157683,157684],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,157685,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,157687,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700,157702,157704,157706],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,157689,121],{"class":120},[55,157691,103],{"class":69},[55,157693,94],{"class":99},[55,157695,312],{"class":69},[55,157697,74],{"class":73},[55,157699,153],{"class":69},[55,157701,2297],{"class":73},[55,157703,153],{"class":69},[55,157705,106],{"class":73},[55,157707,1777],{"class":69},[20,157709,302],{},[46,157711,157713],{"className":48,"code":157712,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157714,157715],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157716,157717,157719,157721,157723,157725],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157718,103],{"class":69},[55,157720,15904],{"class":73},[55,157722,77],{"class":69},[55,157724,50988],{"class":73},[55,157726,114],{"class":69},[20,157728,157729,157730,157732,157733,157735,157736,44],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157731,74],{},", stops before index ",[15,157734,2297],{},", and moves by ",[15,157737,106],{},[20,157739,157740,157741,44],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[36,157742,149644],{"href":153070},[142,157744,75998],{"id":75997},[20,157746,157747],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[577,157749,157751,157752,6123],{"id":157750},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157753,76012],{},[46,157755,157757],{"className":48,"code":157756,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157758,157759,157787,157791],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157760,157761,157763,157765,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157762,62],{"class":61},[55,157764,66],{"class":65},[55,157766,9398],{"class":69},[55,157768,800],{"class":73},[55,157770,77],{"class":69},[55,157772,7951],{"class":73},[55,157774,77],{"class":69},[55,157776,7956],{"class":73},[55,157778,77],{"class":69},[55,157780,50988],{"class":73},[55,157782,77],{"class":69},[55,157784,5241],{"class":73},[55,157786,114],{"class":69},[55,157788,157789],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,157790,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,157792,157793,157795,157797,157799,157801,157803],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,157794,121],{"class":120},[55,157796,103],{"class":69},[55,157798,94],{"class":99},[55,157800,75517],{"class":69},[55,157802,2223],{"class":73},[55,157804,1777],{"class":69},[20,157806,302],{},[46,157808,157809],{"className":48,"code":151336,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,157810,157811],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157812,157813,157815,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157814,103],{"class":69},[55,157816,800],{"class":73},[55,157818,77],{"class":69},[55,157820,7951],{"class":73},[55,157822,77],{"class":69},[55,157824,7956],{"class":73},[55,157826,114],{"class":69},[577,157828,157830],{"id":157829},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[46,157832,157834],{"className":48,"code":157833,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157835,157836,157864,157868],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157837,157838,157840,157842,157844,157846,157848,157850,157852,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157839,62],{"class":61},[55,157841,66],{"class":65},[55,157843,9398],{"class":69},[55,157845,800],{"class":73},[55,157847,77],{"class":69},[55,157849,7951],{"class":73},[55,157851,77],{"class":69},[55,157853,7956],{"class":73},[55,157855,77],{"class":69},[55,157857,50988],{"class":73},[55,157859,77],{"class":69},[55,157861,5241],{"class":73},[55,157863,114],{"class":69},[55,157865,157866],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,157867,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,157869,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,157871,121],{"class":120},[55,157873,103],{"class":69},[55,157875,94],{"class":99},[55,157877,312],{"class":69},[55,157879,106],{"class":73},[55,157881,77698],{"class":69},[20,157883,302],{},[46,157885,157887],{"className":48,"code":157886,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157888,157889],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157890,157891,157893,157895,157897,157899,157901,157903],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157892,103],{"class":69},[55,157894,36980],{"class":73},[55,157896,77],{"class":69},[55,157898,50988],{"class":73},[55,157900,77],{"class":69},[55,157902,5241],{"class":73},[55,157904,114],{"class":69},[577,157906,157908],{"id":157907},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[46,157910,157912],{"className":48,"code":157911,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157913,157914,157942,157946],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157915,157916,157918,157920,157922,157924,157926,157928,157930,157932,157934,157936,157938,157940],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157917,62],{"class":61},[55,157919,66],{"class":65},[55,157921,9398],{"class":69},[55,157923,800],{"class":73},[55,157925,77],{"class":69},[55,157927,7951],{"class":73},[55,157929,77],{"class":69},[55,157931,7956],{"class":73},[55,157933,77],{"class":69},[55,157935,50988],{"class":73},[55,157937,77],{"class":69},[55,157939,5241],{"class":73},[55,157941,114],{"class":69},[55,157943,157944],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,157945,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,157947,157948,157950,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960,157962],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,157949,121],{"class":120},[55,157951,103],{"class":69},[55,157953,94],{"class":99},[55,157955,312],{"class":69},[55,157957,74],{"class":73},[55,157959,153],{"class":69},[55,157961,2665],{"class":73},[55,157963,1777],{"class":69},[20,157965,302],{},[46,157967,157969],{"className":48,"code":157968,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157970,157971],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157972,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981,157983,157985],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157974,103],{"class":69},[55,157976,15904],{"class":73},[55,157978,77],{"class":69},[55,157980,7956],{"class":73},[55,157982,77],{"class":69},[55,157984,50988],{"class":73},[55,157986,114],{"class":69},[577,157988,157990],{"id":157989},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[46,157992,157994],{"className":48,"code":157993,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157995,157996,158028,158032],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157997,157998,158000,158002,158004,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157999,62],{"class":61},[55,158001,66],{"class":65},[55,158003,9398],{"class":69},[55,158005,800],{"class":73},[55,158007,77],{"class":69},[55,158009,7951],{"class":73},[55,158011,77],{"class":69},[55,158013,7956],{"class":73},[55,158015,77],{"class":69},[55,158017,50988],{"class":73},[55,158019,77],{"class":69},[55,158021,5241],{"class":73},[55,158023,77],{"class":69},[55,158025,76082],{"class":73},[55,158027,114],{"class":69},[55,158029,158030],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,158031,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,158033,158034,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,158035,121],{"class":120},[55,158037,103],{"class":69},[55,158039,94],{"class":99},[55,158041,74104],{"class":69},[55,158043,106],{"class":73},[55,158045,1777],{"class":69},[20,158047,302],{},[46,158049,158051],{"className":48,"code":158050,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158052,158053],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158054,158055,158057,158059,158061,158063,158065,158067],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158056,103],{"class":69},[55,158058,800],{"class":73},[55,158060,77],{"class":69},[55,158062,7956],{"class":73},[55,158064,77],{"class":69},[55,158066,5241],{"class":73},[55,158068,114],{"class":69},[577,158070,158072],{"id":158071},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[46,158074,158076],{"className":48,"code":158075,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158077,158078,158106,158110],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158079,158080,158082,158084,158086,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100,158102,158104],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158081,62],{"class":61},[55,158083,66],{"class":65},[55,158085,9398],{"class":69},[55,158087,800],{"class":73},[55,158089,77],{"class":69},[55,158091,7951],{"class":73},[55,158093,77],{"class":69},[55,158095,7956],{"class":73},[55,158097,77],{"class":69},[55,158099,50988],{"class":73},[55,158101,77],{"class":69},[55,158103,5241],{"class":73},[55,158105,114],{"class":69},[55,158107,158108],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,158109,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,158111,158112,158114,158116,158118,158120,158122,158124],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,158113,121],{"class":120},[55,158115,103],{"class":69},[55,158117,94],{"class":99},[55,158119,74104],{"class":69},[55,158121,903],{"class":65},[55,158123,74],{"class":73},[55,158125,1777],{"class":69},[20,158127,302],{},[46,158129,158131],{"className":48,"code":158130,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158132,158133],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158134,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149,158151,158153,158155],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158136,103],{"class":69},[55,158138,76776],{"class":73},[55,158140,77],{"class":69},[55,158142,50988],{"class":73},[55,158144,77],{"class":69},[55,158146,7956],{"class":73},[55,158148,77],{"class":69},[55,158150,7951],{"class":73},[55,158152,77],{"class":69},[55,158154,6162],{"class":73},[55,158156,114],{"class":69},[142,158158,76292],{"id":76291},[20,158160,154343],{},[20,158162,158163],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[577,158165,158167],{"id":158166},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[46,158169,158171],{"className":48,"code":158170,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158172,158173,158205,158209],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158174,158175,158177,158179,158181,158183,158185,158187,158189,158191,158193,158195,158197,158199,158201,158203],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158176,62],{"class":61},[55,158178,66],{"class":65},[55,158180,9398],{"class":69},[55,158182,800],{"class":73},[55,158184,77],{"class":69},[55,158186,7951],{"class":73},[55,158188,77],{"class":69},[55,158190,7956],{"class":73},[55,158192,77],{"class":69},[55,158194,50988],{"class":73},[55,158196,77],{"class":69},[55,158198,5241],{"class":73},[55,158200,77],{"class":69},[55,158202,76082],{"class":73},[55,158204,114],{"class":69},[55,158206,158207],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,158208,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,158210,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,158212,121],{"class":120},[55,158214,103],{"class":69},[55,158216,94],{"class":99},[55,158218,312],{"class":69},[55,158220,903],{"class":65},[55,158222,2223],{"class":73},[55,158224,77698],{"class":69},[20,158226,302],{},[46,158228,158230],{"className":48,"code":158229,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158231,158232],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158233,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158235,103],{"class":69},[55,158237,56819],{"class":73},[55,158239,77],{"class":69},[55,158241,5241],{"class":73},[55,158243,77],{"class":69},[55,158245,76082],{"class":73},[55,158247,114],{"class":69},[577,158249,158251],{"id":158250},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[46,158253,158255],{"className":48,"code":158254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158256,158257,158285,158289],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158258,158259,158261,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275,158277,158279,158281,158283],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158260,62],{"class":61},[55,158262,66],{"class":65},[55,158264,9398],{"class":69},[55,158266,800],{"class":73},[55,158268,77],{"class":69},[55,158270,7951],{"class":73},[55,158272,77],{"class":69},[55,158274,7956],{"class":73},[55,158276,77],{"class":69},[55,158278,50988],{"class":73},[55,158280,77],{"class":69},[55,158282,5241],{"class":73},[55,158284,114],{"class":69},[55,158286,158287],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,158288,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,158290,158291,158293,158295,158297,158299,158301,158303],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,158292,121],{"class":120},[55,158294,103],{"class":69},[55,158296,94],{"class":99},[55,158298,75517],{"class":69},[55,158300,903],{"class":65},[55,158302,74],{"class":73},[55,158304,1777],{"class":69},[20,158306,302],{},[46,158308,158310],{"className":48,"code":158309,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158311,158312],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158313,158314,158316,158318,158320,158322,158324,158326,158328,158330],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158315,103],{"class":69},[55,158317,800],{"class":73},[55,158319,77],{"class":69},[55,158321,7951],{"class":73},[55,158323,77],{"class":69},[55,158325,7956],{"class":73},[55,158327,77],{"class":69},[55,158329,50988],{"class":73},[55,158331,114],{"class":69},[20,158333,158334,158335,44],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[36,158336,150893],{"href":157227},[142,158338,158340],{"id":158339},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158342,568,158343,158345],{},[15,158344,75411],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[155,158347,158348,158350,158352,158358],{},[158,158349,76548],{},[158,158351,76551],{},[158,158353,158354,158357],{},[15,158355,158356],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[158,158359,158360,158361,158363],{},"A step of ",[15,158362,227],{}," is not allowed",[20,158365,158366],{},"Example with a positive step:",[46,158368,158370],{"className":48,"code":158369,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158371,158372,158404,158408],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158373,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394,158396,158398,158400,158402],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158375,62],{"class":61},[55,158377,66],{"class":65},[55,158379,9398],{"class":69},[55,158381,800],{"class":73},[55,158383,77],{"class":69},[55,158385,7951],{"class":73},[55,158387,77],{"class":69},[55,158389,7956],{"class":73},[55,158391,77],{"class":69},[55,158393,50988],{"class":73},[55,158395,77],{"class":69},[55,158397,5241],{"class":73},[55,158399,77],{"class":69},[55,158401,76082],{"class":73},[55,158403,114],{"class":69},[55,158405,158406],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,158407,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,158409,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422,158424,158426,158428],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,158411,121],{"class":120},[55,158413,103],{"class":69},[55,158415,94],{"class":99},[55,158417,312],{"class":69},[55,158419,74],{"class":73},[55,158421,153],{"class":69},[55,158423,80576],{"class":73},[55,158425,153],{"class":69},[55,158427,106],{"class":73},[55,158429,1777],{"class":69},[20,158431,302],{},[46,158433,158435],{"className":48,"code":158434,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158436,158437],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158438,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449,158451],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158440,103],{"class":69},[55,158442,15904],{"class":73},[55,158444,77],{"class":69},[55,158446,50988],{"class":73},[55,158448,77],{"class":69},[55,158450,76082],{"class":73},[55,158452,114],{"class":69},[20,158454,158455],{},"Example with a negative step:",[46,158457,158459],{"className":48,"code":158458,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158460,158461,158489,158493],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158462,158463,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481,158483,158485,158487],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158464,62],{"class":61},[55,158466,66],{"class":65},[55,158468,9398],{"class":69},[55,158470,800],{"class":73},[55,158472,77],{"class":69},[55,158474,7951],{"class":73},[55,158476,77],{"class":69},[55,158478,7956],{"class":73},[55,158480,77],{"class":69},[55,158482,50988],{"class":73},[55,158484,77],{"class":69},[55,158486,5241],{"class":73},[55,158488,114],{"class":69},[55,158490,158491],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,158492,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,158494,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505,158507,158509,158511,158513,158515],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,158496,121],{"class":120},[55,158498,103],{"class":69},[55,158500,94],{"class":99},[55,158502,312],{"class":69},[55,158504,2665],{"class":73},[55,158506,153],{"class":69},[55,158508,74],{"class":73},[55,158510,153],{"class":69},[55,158512,903],{"class":65},[55,158514,74],{"class":73},[55,158516,1777],{"class":69},[20,158518,302],{},[46,158520,158522],{"className":48,"code":158521,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158523,158524],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158525,158526,158528,158530,158532,158534,158536,158538],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158527,103],{"class":69},[55,158529,76776],{"class":73},[55,158531,77],{"class":69},[55,158533,50988],{"class":73},[55,158535,77],{"class":69},[55,158537,7956],{"class":73},[55,158539,114],{"class":69},[20,158541,158542],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[46,158544,158546],{"className":48,"code":158545,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158547,158548,158568,158572],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158549,158550,158552,158554,158556,158558,158560,158562,158564,158566],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158551,62],{"class":61},[55,158553,66],{"class":65},[55,158555,9398],{"class":69},[55,158557,800],{"class":73},[55,158559,77],{"class":69},[55,158561,7951],{"class":73},[55,158563,77],{"class":69},[55,158565,7956],{"class":73},[55,158567,114],{"class":69},[55,158569,158570],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,158571,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,158573,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,158575,121],{"class":120},[55,158577,103],{"class":69},[55,158579,94],{"class":99},[55,158581,74104],{"class":69},[55,158583,227],{"class":73},[55,158585,1777],{"class":69},[20,158587,158588],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[142,158590,158592],{"id":158591},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158594,158595,158596,33884],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[1966,158597,49097],{},[577,158599,158601],{"id":158600},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[46,158603,158605],{"className":48,"code":158604,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158606,158607,158631,158635,158653,158657,158667],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158608,158609,158611,158613,158615,158617,158619,158621,158623,158625,158627,158629],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158610,62],{"class":61},[55,158612,66],{"class":65},[55,158614,9398],{"class":69},[55,158616,800],{"class":73},[55,158618,77],{"class":69},[55,158620,7951],{"class":73},[55,158622,77],{"class":69},[55,158624,7956],{"class":73},[55,158626,77],{"class":69},[55,158628,50988],{"class":73},[55,158630,114],{"class":69},[55,158632,158633],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,158634,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,158636,158637,158639,158641,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,158638,1255],{"class":61},[55,158640,66],{"class":65},[55,158642,1260],{"class":61},[55,158644,312],{"class":69},[55,158646,74],{"class":73},[55,158648,153],{"class":69},[55,158650,2223],{"class":73},[55,158652,88],{"class":69},[55,158654,158655],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,158656,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,158658,158659,158661,158663,158665],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,158660,121],{"class":120},[55,158662,103],{"class":69},[55,158664,1288],{"class":99},[55,158666,114],{"class":69},[55,158668,158669,158671,158673,158675,158677,158679],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,158670,121],{"class":120},[55,158672,103],{"class":69},[55,158674,1910],{"class":1898},[55,158676,103],{"class":69},[55,158678,1288],{"class":99},[55,158680,1867],{"class":69},[20,158682,302],{},[46,158684,158686],{"className":48,"code":158685,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158687,158688,158700],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158689,158690,158692,158694,158696,158698],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158691,103],{"class":69},[55,158693,15904],{"class":73},[55,158695,77],{"class":69},[55,158697,7956],{"class":73},[55,158699,114],{"class":69},[55,158701,158702,158704,158706,158708,158710,158712],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,158703,3454],{"class":65},[55,158705,3457],{"class":2226},[55,158707,324],{"class":247},[55,158709,49097],{"class":251},[55,158711,315],{"class":247},[55,158713,3466],{"class":65},[577,158715,158717],{"id":158716},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[46,158719,158721],{"className":48,"code":158720,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158722,158723,158743,158747,158765,158769,158779],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158724,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158726,62],{"class":61},[55,158728,66],{"class":65},[55,158730,9398],{"class":69},[55,158732,800],{"class":73},[55,158734,77],{"class":69},[55,158736,7951],{"class":73},[55,158738,77],{"class":69},[55,158740,7956],{"class":73},[55,158742,114],{"class":69},[55,158744,158745],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,158746,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,158748,158749,158751,158753,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,158750,1255],{"class":61},[55,158752,66],{"class":65},[55,158754,1260],{"class":61},[55,158756,312],{"class":69},[55,158758,74],{"class":73},[55,158760,153],{"class":69},[55,158762,106],{"class":73},[55,158764,88],{"class":69},[55,158766,158767],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,158768,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,158770,158771,158773,158775,158777],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,158772,121],{"class":120},[55,158774,103],{"class":69},[55,158776,1288],{"class":99},[55,158778,114],{"class":69},[55,158780,158781,158783,158785,158787,158789,158791],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,158782,121],{"class":120},[55,158784,103],{"class":69},[55,158786,1910],{"class":1898},[55,158788,103],{"class":69},[55,158790,1288],{"class":99},[55,158792,1867],{"class":69},[20,158794,302],{},[46,158796,158798],{"className":48,"code":158797,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158799,158800,158808],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158801,158802,158804,158806],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158803,103],{"class":69},[55,158805,15904],{"class":73},[55,158807,149327],{"class":69},[55,158809,158810,158812,158814,158816,158818,158820],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,158811,3454],{"class":65},[55,158813,3457],{"class":2226},[55,158815,324],{"class":247},[55,158817,49097],{"class":251},[55,158819,315],{"class":247},[55,158821,3466],{"class":65},[577,158823,158825],{"id":158824},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[46,158827,158829],{"className":48,"code":158828,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158830,158831,158851,158855],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158832,158833,158835,158837,158839,158841,158843,158845,158847,158849],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158834,62],{"class":61},[55,158836,66],{"class":65},[55,158838,9398],{"class":69},[55,158840,800],{"class":73},[55,158842,77],{"class":69},[55,158844,7951],{"class":73},[55,158846,77],{"class":69},[55,158848,7956],{"class":73},[55,158850,114],{"class":69},[55,158852,158853],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,158854,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,158856,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865,158867,158869,158871],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,158858,121],{"class":120},[55,158860,103],{"class":69},[55,158862,94],{"class":99},[55,158864,312],{"class":69},[55,158866,2297],{"class":73},[55,158868,153],{"class":69},[55,158870,2506],{"class":73},[55,158872,1777],{"class":69},[20,158874,302],{},[46,158876,158877],{"className":48,"code":8804,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,158878,158879],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158880,158881],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158882,8804],{"class":69},[20,158884,158885,158886,44],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[36,158887,156063],{"href":150950},[142,158889,158891],{"id":158890},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158893,158894],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[155,158896,158897,158899,158902,158907],{},[158,158898,76857],{},[158,158900,158901],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[158,158903,158904,158905],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158906,70713],{},[158,158908,158909],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158911,230],{},[46,158913,158915],{"className":48,"code":158914,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158916,158917,158937,158941,158958,158979],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158918,158919,158921,158923,158925,158927,158929,158931,158933,158935],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158920,62],{"class":61},[55,158922,66],{"class":65},[55,158924,9398],{"class":69},[55,158926,800],{"class":73},[55,158928,77],{"class":69},[55,158930,7951],{"class":73},[55,158932,77],{"class":69},[55,158934,7956],{"class":73},[55,158936,114],{"class":69},[55,158938,158939],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,158940,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,158942,158943,158945,158947,158949,158951,158953,158955],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,158944,121],{"class":120},[55,158946,103],{"class":69},[55,158948,94],{"class":99},[55,158950,312],{"class":69},[55,158952,74],{"class":73},[55,158954,20593],{"class":69},[55,158956,158957],{"class":133},"    # one item\n",[55,158959,158960,158962,158964,158966,158968,158970,158972,158974,158976],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,158961,121],{"class":120},[55,158963,103],{"class":69},[55,158965,94],{"class":99},[55,158967,312],{"class":69},[55,158969,74],{"class":73},[55,158971,153],{"class":69},[55,158973,2297],{"class":73},[55,158975,20593],{"class":69},[55,158977,158978],{"class":133},"  # slice\n",[55,158980,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,158982,121],{"class":120},[55,158984,103],{"class":69},[55,158986,94],{"class":99},[55,158988,312],{"class":69},[55,158990,2297],{"class":73},[55,158992,153],{"class":69},[55,158994,2506],{"class":73},[55,158996,20593],{"class":69},[55,158998,158999],{"class":133},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159001,302],{},[46,159003,159005],{"className":48,"code":159004,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159006,159007,159011,159023],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159008,159009],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159010,71206],{"class":73},[55,159012,159013,159015,159017,159019,159021],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,159014,103],{"class":69},[55,159016,15904],{"class":73},[55,159018,77],{"class":69},[55,159020,7956],{"class":73},[55,159022,114],{"class":69},[55,159024,159025],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,159026,8804],{"class":69},[20,159028,159029],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[46,159031,159033],{"className":48,"code":159032,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159034,159035,159055,159059],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159036,159037,159039,159041,159043,159045,159047,159049,159051,159053],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159038,62],{"class":61},[55,159040,66],{"class":65},[55,159042,9398],{"class":69},[55,159044,800],{"class":73},[55,159046,77],{"class":69},[55,159048,7951],{"class":73},[55,159050,77],{"class":69},[55,159052,7956],{"class":73},[55,159054,114],{"class":69},[55,159056,159057],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,159058,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,159060,159061,159063,159065,159067,159069,159071],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,159062,121],{"class":120},[55,159064,103],{"class":69},[55,159066,94],{"class":99},[55,159068,312],{"class":69},[55,159070,2297],{"class":73},[55,159072,1777],{"class":69},[20,159074,159075,159076,159078,159079,44],{},"This raises an ",[15,159077,70713],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[36,159080,154816],{"href":159081},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[142,159083,15326],{"id":77124},[20,159085,159086],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[155,159088,159089,159092,159094,159097],{},[158,159090,159091],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[158,159093,60816],{},[158,159095,159096],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[158,159098,159099,159100],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159101,227],{},[20,159103,159104],{},"Here are a few examples.",[577,159106,159108],{"id":159107},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[46,159110,159111],{"className":48,"code":157911,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,159112,159113,159141,159145],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159114,159115,159117,159119,159121,159123,159125,159127,159129,159131,159133,159135,159137,159139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159116,62],{"class":61},[55,159118,66],{"class":65},[55,159120,9398],{"class":69},[55,159122,800],{"class":73},[55,159124,77],{"class":69},[55,159126,7951],{"class":73},[55,159128,77],{"class":69},[55,159130,7956],{"class":73},[55,159132,77],{"class":69},[55,159134,50988],{"class":73},[55,159136,77],{"class":69},[55,159138,5241],{"class":73},[55,159140,114],{"class":69},[55,159142,159143],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,159144,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,159146,159147,159149,159151,159153,159155,159157,159159,159161],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,159148,121],{"class":120},[55,159150,103],{"class":69},[55,159152,94],{"class":99},[55,159154,312],{"class":69},[55,159156,74],{"class":73},[55,159158,153],{"class":69},[55,159160,2665],{"class":73},[55,159162,1777],{"class":69},[20,159164,302],{},[46,159166,159167],{"className":48,"code":157968,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,159168,159169],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159170,159171,159173,159175,159177,159179,159181,159183],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159172,103],{"class":69},[55,159174,15904],{"class":73},[55,159176,77],{"class":69},[55,159178,7956],{"class":73},[55,159180,77],{"class":69},[55,159182,50988],{"class":73},[55,159184,114],{"class":69},[20,159186,132395,159187,159189],{},[15,159188,2665],{}," is not included.",[577,159191,159193],{"id":159192},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159195,4686],{},[46,159197,159199],{"className":48,"code":159198,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159200,159201,159225,159229],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159202,159203,159205,159207,159209,159211,159213,159215,159217,159219,159221,159223],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159204,62],{"class":61},[55,159206,66],{"class":65},[55,159208,9398],{"class":69},[55,159210,800],{"class":73},[55,159212,77],{"class":69},[55,159214,7951],{"class":73},[55,159216,77],{"class":69},[55,159218,7956],{"class":73},[55,159220,77],{"class":69},[55,159222,50988],{"class":73},[55,159224,114],{"class":69},[55,159226,159227],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,159228,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,159230,159231],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,159232,159233],{"class":133},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159235,159236],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[46,159238,159239],{"className":48,"code":154896,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,159240,159241,159265,159269],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159242,159243,159245,159247,159249,159251,159253,159255,159257,159259,159261,159263],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159244,62],{"class":61},[55,159246,66],{"class":65},[55,159248,9398],{"class":69},[55,159250,800],{"class":73},[55,159252,77],{"class":69},[55,159254,7951],{"class":73},[55,159256,77],{"class":69},[55,159258,7956],{"class":73},[55,159260,77],{"class":69},[55,159262,50988],{"class":73},[55,159264,114],{"class":69},[55,159266,159267],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,159268,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,159270,159271,159273,159275,159277,159279,159281,159283,159285],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,159272,121],{"class":120},[55,159274,103],{"class":69},[55,159276,94],{"class":99},[55,159278,312],{"class":69},[55,159280,74],{"class":73},[55,159282,153],{"class":69},[55,159284,2223],{"class":73},[55,159286,1777],{"class":69},[577,159288,159290],{"id":159289},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[46,159292,159294],{"className":48,"code":159293,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159295,159296,159320,159324,159339,159343,159354],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159297,159298,159300,159302,159304,159306,159308,159310,159312,159314,159316,159318],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159299,62],{"class":61},[55,159301,66],{"class":65},[55,159303,9398],{"class":69},[55,159305,800],{"class":73},[55,159307,77],{"class":69},[55,159309,7951],{"class":73},[55,159311,77],{"class":69},[55,159313,7956],{"class":73},[55,159315,77],{"class":69},[55,159317,50988],{"class":73},[55,159319,114],{"class":69},[55,159321,159322],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,159323,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,159325,159326,159329,159331,159333,159335,159337],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,159327,159328],{"class":61},"slice_result ",[55,159330,66],{"class":65},[55,159332,1260],{"class":61},[55,159334,75517],{"class":69},[55,159336,106],{"class":73},[55,159338,88],{"class":69},[55,159340,159341],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,159342,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,159344,159345,159347,159349,159352],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,159346,121],{"class":120},[55,159348,103],{"class":69},[55,159350,159351],{"class":99},"slice_result",[55,159353,114],{"class":69},[55,159355,159356,159358,159360,159362],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,159357,121],{"class":120},[55,159359,103],{"class":69},[55,159361,94],{"class":99},[55,159363,114],{"class":69},[20,159365,302],{},[46,159367,159369],{"className":48,"code":159368,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159370,159371,159383],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159372,159373,159375,159377,159379,159381],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159374,103],{"class":69},[55,159376,800],{"class":73},[55,159378,77],{"class":69},[55,159380,7951],{"class":73},[55,159382,114],{"class":69},[55,159384,159385,159387,159389,159391,159393,159395,159397,159399,159401],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,159386,103],{"class":69},[55,159388,800],{"class":73},[55,159390,77],{"class":69},[55,159392,7951],{"class":73},[55,159394,77],{"class":69},[55,159396,7956],{"class":73},[55,159398,77],{"class":69},[55,159400,50988],{"class":73},[55,159402,114],{"class":69},[20,159404,159405],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[142,159407,113709],{"id":113708},[20,159409,159410],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[155,159412,159413,159416,159419,159425,159428],{},[158,159414,159415],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[158,159417,159418],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[158,159420,159421,159422],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159423,159424],{},"tuple[::0]",[158,159426,159427],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[158,159429,159430],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159432,159433],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[46,159435,159437],{"className":48,"code":159436,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159438,159439,159449,159467,159489],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159440,159441,159443,159445,159447],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159442,121],{"class":120},[55,159444,103],{"class":69},[55,159446,147989],{"class":99},[55,159448,114],{"class":69},[55,159450,159451,159453,159455,159457,159459,159461,159463,159465],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,159452,121],{"class":120},[55,159454,103],{"class":69},[55,159456,147989],{"class":99},[55,159458,312],{"class":69},[55,159460,74],{"class":73},[55,159462,153],{"class":69},[55,159464,2665],{"class":73},[55,159466,1777],{"class":69},[55,159468,159469,159471,159473,159475,159477,159479,159481,159483,159485,159487],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,159470,121],{"class":120},[55,159472,103],{"class":69},[55,159474,1910],{"class":1898},[55,159476,103],{"class":69},[55,159478,147989],{"class":99},[55,159480,312],{"class":69},[55,159482,74],{"class":73},[55,159484,153],{"class":69},[55,159486,2665],{"class":73},[55,159488,3162],{"class":69},[55,159490,159491,159493,159495,159497,159499,159501],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,159492,121],{"class":120},[55,159494,103],{"class":69},[55,159496,1860],{"class":120},[55,159498,103],{"class":69},[55,159500,147989],{"class":99},[55,159502,1867],{"class":69},[20,159504,11330],{},[155,159506,159507,159509,159512,159515],{},[158,159508,155203],{},[158,159510,159511],{},"what the slice actually returns",[158,159513,159514],{},"that the result is a tuple",[158,159516,159517],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[142,159519,1986],{"id":1985},[577,159521,159523],{"id":159522},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159525,159526],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[577,159528,159530],{"id":159529},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159532,159533],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[577,159535,5303,159537,40101],{"id":159536},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159538,158356],{},[20,159540,159541],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[577,159543,159545,159546,2027],{"id":159544},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159547,70713],{},[20,159549,159550,159551,44],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159552,70713],{},[142,159554,2039],{"id":2038},[155,159556,159557,159561,159565,159569,159573],{},[158,159558,159559],{},[36,159560,156063],{"href":150950},[158,159562,159563],{},[36,159564,149644],{"href":153070},[158,159566,159567],{},[36,159568,150893],{"href":157227},[158,159570,159571],{},[36,159572,147971],{"href":157589},[158,159574,159575],{},[36,159576,154816],{"href":159081},[2080,159578,159579],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":159581},[159582,159583,159584,159585,159593,159597,159598,159603,159604,159609,159610,159618],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":157389,"depth":91,"text":157390},{"id":157592,"depth":91,"text":157593},{"id":75997,"depth":91,"text":75998,"children":159586},[159587,159589,159590,159591,159592],{"id":157750,"depth":117,"text":159588},"Get the first n items",{"id":157829,"depth":117,"text":157830},{"id":157907,"depth":117,"text":157908},{"id":157989,"depth":117,"text":157990},{"id":158071,"depth":117,"text":158072},{"id":76291,"depth":91,"text":76292,"children":159594},[159595,159596],{"id":158166,"depth":117,"text":158167},{"id":158250,"depth":117,"text":158251},{"id":158339,"depth":91,"text":158340},{"id":158591,"depth":91,"text":158592,"children":159599},[159600,159601,159602],{"id":158600,"depth":117,"text":158601},{"id":158716,"depth":117,"text":158717},{"id":158824,"depth":117,"text":158825},{"id":158890,"depth":91,"text":158891},{"id":77124,"depth":91,"text":15326,"children":159605},[159606,159607,159608],{"id":159107,"depth":117,"text":159108},{"id":159192,"depth":117,"text":159193},{"id":159289,"depth":117,"text":159290},{"id":113708,"depth":91,"text":113709},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":159611},[159612,159613,159614,159616],{"id":159522,"depth":117,"text":159523},{"id":159529,"depth":117,"text":159530},{"id":159536,"depth":117,"text":159615},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159544,"depth":117,"text":159617},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157233,"description":159619},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159626,"title":159627,"body":159628,"description":161451,"extension":2124,"meta":161452,"navigation":428,"path":34950,"seo":161453,"stem":161454,"__hash__":161455},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159629,"toc":161417},[159630,159635,159640,159644,159662,159665,159680,159686,159688,159745,159747,159779,159791,159797,159802,159805,159840,159846,159848,159851,159865,159868,159870,159893,159895,159913,159916,159932,159934,159937,160050,160052,160141,160144,160149,160155,160158,160161,160260,160262,160321,160326,160329,160398,160402,160434,160450,160455,160462,160469,160481,160483,160532,160534,160557,160563,160611,160616,160623,160631,160637,160640,160664,160667,160669,160745,160747,160772,160778,160781,160786,160790,160804,160806,160869,160871,160903,160906,160922,160924,160930,160937,160939,160958,160960,160978,160985,160990,160997,160999,161036,161039,161046,161050,161053,161111,161114,161117,161172,161174,161186,161192,161194,161198,161231,161238,161240,161303,161306,161308,161313,161327,161334,161342,161351,161360,161366,161372,161374,161414],[10,159631,3740,159633,3744],{"id":159632},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159634,2464],{},[20,159636,32461,159637,159639],{},[15,159638,2464],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159641,62891,159642,104553],{},[15,159643,2464],{},[155,159645,159646,159649,159652,159655],{},[158,159647,159648],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[158,159650,159651],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[158,159653,159654],{},"debug confusing code",[158,159656,159657,159658],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[36,159659,159660],{"href":8380},[15,159661,3121],{},[20,159663,159664],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[46,159666,159668],{"className":48,"code":159667,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"type(object)\n",[15,159669,159670],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159671,159672,159674,159676,159678],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159673,1910],{"class":1898},[55,159675,103],{"class":69},[55,159677,42541],{"class":1898},[55,159679,114],{"class":69},[20,159681,159682,159683,159685],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159684,2464],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[142,159687,3774],{"id":3773},[46,159689,159691],{"className":48,"code":159690,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159692,159693,159705,159719,159723,159731],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159694,159695,159697,159699,159701,159703],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159696,8037],{"class":61},[55,159698,66],{"class":65},[55,159700,258],{"class":247},[55,159702,5164],{"class":251},[55,159704,3522],{"class":247},[55,159706,159707,159709,159711,159713,159715,159717],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,159708,121],{"class":120},[55,159710,103],{"class":69},[55,159712,1910],{"class":1898},[55,159714,103],{"class":69},[55,159716,7829],{"class":99},[55,159718,1867],{"class":69},[55,159720,159721],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,159722,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,159724,159725,159727,159729],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,159726,2380],{"class":61},[55,159728,66],{"class":65},[55,159730,2748],{"class":73},[55,159732,159733,159735,159737,159739,159741,159743],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,159734,121],{"class":120},[55,159736,103],{"class":69},[55,159738,1910],{"class":1898},[55,159740,103],{"class":69},[55,159742,2402],{"class":99},[55,159744,1867],{"class":69},[20,159746,302],{},[46,159748,159749],{"className":48,"code":125056,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,159750,159751,159765],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159752,159753,159755,159757,159759,159761,159763],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159754,3454],{"class":65},[55,159756,3457],{"class":2226},[55,159758,324],{"class":247},[55,159760,3607],{"class":251},[55,159762,315],{"class":247},[55,159764,3466],{"class":65},[55,159766,159767,159769,159771,159773,159775,159777],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,159768,3454],{"class":65},[55,159770,3457],{"class":2226},[55,159772,324],{"class":247},[55,159774,2351],{"class":251},[55,159776,315],{"class":247},[55,159778,3466],{"class":65},[20,159780,31,159781,159784,159785,352,159788,44],{},[15,159782,159783],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159786,159787],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159789,159790],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[142,159792,13152,159794,159796],{"id":159793},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159795,2464],{}," function does",[20,159798,159799,159801],{},[15,159800,2464],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159803,159804],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[155,159806,159807,159812,159817,159822,159827,159832],{},[158,159808,159809,159811],{},[15,159810,3607],{}," for text",[158,159813,159814,159816],{},[15,159815,2351],{}," for whole numbers",[158,159818,159819,159821],{},[15,159820,2355],{}," for decimal numbers",[158,159823,159824,159826],{},[15,159825,1899],{}," for lists",[158,159828,159829,159831],{},[15,159830,8983],{}," for dictionaries",[158,159833,159834,69077,159836,352,159838],{},[15,159835,4031],{},[15,159837,3769],{},[15,159839,3838],{},[20,159841,159842,159843,159845],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159844,2464],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[142,159847,2319],{"id":2318},[20,159849,159850],{},"The main beginner form is:",[46,159852,159853],{"className":48,"code":159667,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,159854,159855],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159856,159857,159859,159861,159863],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159858,1910],{"class":1898},[55,159860,103],{"class":69},[55,159862,42541],{"class":1898},[55,159864,114],{"class":69},[20,159866,159867],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159869,230],{},[46,159871,159873],{"className":48,"code":159872,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159874,159875],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159876,159877,159879,159881,159883,159885,159887,159889,159891],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159878,121],{"class":120},[55,159880,103],{"class":69},[55,159882,1910],{"class":1898},[55,159884,103],{"class":69},[55,159886,248],{"class":247},[55,159888,4009],{"class":251},[55,159890,248],{"class":247},[55,159892,1867],{"class":69},[20,159894,302],{},[46,159896,159897],{"className":48,"code":45913,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,159898,159899],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159900,159901,159903,159905,159907,159909,159911],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159902,3454],{"class":65},[55,159904,3457],{"class":2226},[55,159906,324],{"class":247},[55,159908,3607],{"class":251},[55,159910,315],{"class":247},[55,159912,3466],{"class":65},[20,159914,159915],{},"You can pass either:",[155,159917,159918,159925],{},[158,159919,159920,159921,3041,159923],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159922,64659],{},[15,159924,46669],{},[158,159926,159927,159928,3041,159930],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159929,7829],{},[15,159931,9461],{},[142,159933,121868],{"id":121867},[20,159935,159936],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[46,159938,159940],{"className":48,"code":159939,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159941,159942,159960,159974,159988,160010,160036],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159943,159944,159946,159948,159950,159952,159954,159956,159958],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159945,121],{"class":120},[55,159947,103],{"class":69},[55,159949,1910],{"class":1898},[55,159951,103],{"class":69},[55,159953,248],{"class":247},[55,159955,4009],{"class":251},[55,159957,248],{"class":247},[55,159959,1867],{"class":69},[55,159961,159962,159964,159966,159968,159970,159972],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,159963,121],{"class":120},[55,159965,103],{"class":69},[55,159967,1910],{"class":1898},[55,159969,103],{"class":69},[55,159971,800],{"class":73},[55,159973,1867],{"class":69},[55,159975,159976,159978,159980,159982,159984,159986],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,159977,121],{"class":120},[55,159979,103],{"class":69},[55,159981,1910],{"class":1898},[55,159983,103],{"class":69},[55,159985,40284],{"class":73},[55,159987,1867],{"class":69},[55,159989,159990,159992,159994,159996,159998,160000,160002,160004,160006,160008],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,159991,121],{"class":120},[55,159993,103],{"class":69},[55,159995,1910],{"class":1898},[55,159997,3149],{"class":69},[55,159999,74],{"class":73},[55,160001,77],{"class":69},[55,160003,80],{"class":73},[55,160005,77],{"class":69},[55,160007,111],{"class":73},[55,160009,3162],{"class":69},[55,160011,160012,160014,160016,160018,160020,160022,160024,160026,160028,160030,160032,160034],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,160013,121],{"class":120},[55,160015,103],{"class":69},[55,160017,1910],{"class":1898},[55,160019,5688],{"class":69},[55,160021,248],{"class":247},[55,160023,7829],{"class":251},[55,160025,248],{"class":247},[55,160027,153],{"class":69},[55,160029,258],{"class":247},[55,160031,5164],{"class":251},[55,160033,248],{"class":247},[55,160035,5697],{"class":69},[55,160037,160038,160040,160042,160044,160046,160048],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,160039,121],{"class":120},[55,160041,103],{"class":69},[55,160043,1910],{"class":1898},[55,160045,103],{"class":69},[55,160047,3769],{"class":1312},[55,160049,1867],{"class":69},[20,160051,302],{},[46,160053,160055],{"className":48,"code":160054,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160056,160057,160071,160085,160099,160113,160127],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160058,160059,160061,160063,160065,160067,160069],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160060,3454],{"class":65},[55,160062,3457],{"class":2226},[55,160064,324],{"class":247},[55,160066,3607],{"class":251},[55,160068,315],{"class":247},[55,160070,3466],{"class":65},[55,160072,160073,160075,160077,160079,160081,160083],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,160074,3454],{"class":65},[55,160076,3457],{"class":2226},[55,160078,324],{"class":247},[55,160080,2351],{"class":251},[55,160082,315],{"class":247},[55,160084,3466],{"class":65},[55,160086,160087,160089,160091,160093,160095,160097],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,160088,3454],{"class":65},[55,160090,3457],{"class":2226},[55,160092,324],{"class":247},[55,160094,2355],{"class":251},[55,160096,315],{"class":247},[55,160098,3466],{"class":65},[55,160100,160101,160103,160105,160107,160109,160111],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,160102,3454],{"class":65},[55,160104,3457],{"class":2226},[55,160106,324],{"class":247},[55,160108,1899],{"class":251},[55,160110,315],{"class":247},[55,160112,3466],{"class":65},[55,160114,160115,160117,160119,160121,160123,160125],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,160116,3454],{"class":65},[55,160118,3457],{"class":2226},[55,160120,324],{"class":247},[55,160122,8983],{"class":251},[55,160124,315],{"class":247},[55,160126,3466],{"class":65},[55,160128,160129,160131,160133,160135,160137,160139],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,160130,3454],{"class":65},[55,160132,3457],{"class":2226},[55,160134,324],{"class":247},[55,160136,4031],{"class":251},[55,160138,315],{"class":247},[55,160140,3466],{"class":65},[20,160142,160143],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160145,160146,160147,44],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[36,160148,44940],{"href":49122},[142,160150,8578,160152,160154],{"id":160151},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160153,2464],{}," with variables",[20,160156,160157],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160159,160160],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[46,160162,160164],{"className":48,"code":160163,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160165,160166,160174,160192,160196,160208,160226,160230,160242],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160167,160168,160170,160172],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160169,2608],{"class":61},[55,160171,66],{"class":65},[55,160173,2748],{"class":73},[55,160175,160176,160178,160180,160182,160184,160186,160188,160190],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,160177,121],{"class":120},[55,160179,103],{"class":69},[55,160181,2633],{"class":99},[55,160183,77],{"class":69},[55,160185,49534],{"class":1898},[55,160187,103],{"class":69},[55,160189,2633],{"class":99},[55,160191,1867],{"class":69},[55,160193,160194],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,160195,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,160197,160198,160200,160202,160204,160206],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,160199,2608],{"class":61},[55,160201,66],{"class":65},[55,160203,258],{"class":247},[55,160205,46050],{"class":251},[55,160207,3522],{"class":247},[55,160209,160210,160212,160214,160216,160218,160220,160222,160224],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,160211,121],{"class":120},[55,160213,103],{"class":69},[55,160215,2633],{"class":99},[55,160217,77],{"class":69},[55,160219,49534],{"class":1898},[55,160221,103],{"class":69},[55,160223,2633],{"class":99},[55,160225,1867],{"class":69},[55,160227,160228],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,160229,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,160231,160232,160234,160236,160238,160240],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,160233,2608],{"class":61},[55,160235,66],{"class":65},[55,160237,70],{"class":69},[55,160239,800],{"class":73},[55,160241,88],{"class":69},[55,160243,160244,160246,160248,160250,160252,160254,160256,160258],{"class":57,"line":6584},[55,160245,121],{"class":120},[55,160247,103],{"class":69},[55,160249,2633],{"class":99},[55,160251,77],{"class":69},[55,160253,49534],{"class":1898},[55,160255,103],{"class":69},[55,160257,2633],{"class":99},[55,160259,1867],{"class":69},[20,160261,302],{},[46,160263,160265],{"className":48,"code":160264,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160266,160267,160284,160301],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160268,160269,160271,160274,160276,160278,160280,160282],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160270,800],{"class":73},[55,160272,160273],{"class":65}," \u003C",[55,160275,3457],{"class":2226},[55,160277,324],{"class":247},[55,160279,2351],{"class":251},[55,160281,315],{"class":247},[55,160283,3466],{"class":65},[55,160285,160286,160289,160291,160293,160295,160297,160299],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,160287,160288],{"class":61},"ten ",[55,160290,3454],{"class":65},[55,160292,3457],{"class":2226},[55,160294,324],{"class":247},[55,160296,3607],{"class":251},[55,160298,315],{"class":247},[55,160300,3466],{"class":65},[55,160302,160303,160305,160307,160309,160311,160313,160315,160317,160319],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,160304,312],{"class":69},[55,160306,800],{"class":73},[55,160308,1680],{"class":69},[55,160310,160273],{"class":65},[55,160312,3457],{"class":2226},[55,160314,324],{"class":247},[55,160316,1899],{"class":251},[55,160318,315],{"class":247},[55,160320,3466],{"class":65},[20,160322,160323,160325],{},[15,160324,2464],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160327,160328],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[46,160330,160332],{"className":48,"code":160331,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160333,160334,160352,160366,160370,160384],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160335,160336,160338,160340,160342,160344,160346,160348,160350],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160337,3555],{"class":61},[55,160339,66],{"class":65},[55,160341,8403],{"class":120},[55,160343,103],{"class":69},[55,160345,248],{"class":247},[55,160347,42013],{"class":251},[55,160349,248],{"class":247},[55,160351,114],{"class":69},[55,160353,160354,160356,160358,160360,160362,160364],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,160355,121],{"class":120},[55,160357,103],{"class":69},[55,160359,1910],{"class":1898},[55,160361,103],{"class":69},[55,160363,3581],{"class":99},[55,160365,1867],{"class":69},[55,160367,160368],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,160369,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,160371,160372,160374,160376,160378,160380,160382],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,160373,122980],{"class":61},[55,160375,66],{"class":65},[55,160377,45419],{"class":1898},[55,160379,103],{"class":69},[55,160381,3581],{"class":99},[55,160383,114],{"class":69},[55,160385,160386,160388,160390,160392,160394,160396],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,160387,121],{"class":120},[55,160389,103],{"class":69},[55,160391,1910],{"class":1898},[55,160393,103],{"class":69},[55,160395,123003],{"class":99},[55,160397,1867],{"class":69},[20,160399,41262,160400,41266],{},[15,160401,9355],{},[46,160403,160404],{"className":48,"code":125056,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,160405,160406,160420],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160407,160408,160410,160412,160414,160416,160418],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160409,3454],{"class":65},[55,160411,3457],{"class":2226},[55,160413,324],{"class":247},[55,160415,3607],{"class":251},[55,160417,315],{"class":247},[55,160419,3466],{"class":65},[55,160421,160422,160424,160426,160428,160430,160432],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,160423,3454],{"class":65},[55,160425,3457],{"class":2226},[55,160427,324],{"class":247},[55,160429,2351],{"class":251},[55,160431,315],{"class":247},[55,160433,3466],{"class":65},[20,160435,45846,160436,160440,160441,3041,160445,160449],{},[36,160437,160438],{"href":8380},[15,160439,3121],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[36,160442,160443],{"href":3037},[15,160444,3040],{},[36,160446,160447],{"href":3044},[15,160448,3047],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160451,160452,160453,44],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[36,160454,9142],{"href":9141},[142,160456,160458,982,160460],{"id":160457},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160459,2464],{},[15,160461,44948],{},[20,160463,160464,352,160466,160468],{},[15,160465,2464],{},[15,160467,44948],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[155,160470,160471,160476],{},[158,160472,160473,160475],{},[15,160474,2464],{}," tells you the exact type",[158,160477,160478,160480],{},[15,160479,44948],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160482,230],{},[46,160484,160486],{"className":48,"code":160485,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160487,160488,160496,160500,160514],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160489,160490,160492,160494],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160491,2608],{"class":61},[55,160493,66],{"class":65},[55,160495,34984],{"class":73},[55,160497,160498],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,160499,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,160501,160502,160504,160506,160508,160510,160512],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,160503,121],{"class":120},[55,160505,103],{"class":69},[55,160507,1910],{"class":1898},[55,160509,103],{"class":69},[55,160511,2633],{"class":99},[55,160513,1867],{"class":69},[55,160515,160516,160518,160520,160522,160524,160526,160528,160530],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,160517,121],{"class":120},[55,160519,103],{"class":69},[55,160521,49019],{"class":120},[55,160523,103],{"class":69},[55,160525,2633],{"class":99},[55,160527,77],{"class":69},[55,160529,45419],{"class":1898},[55,160531,1867],{"class":69},[20,160533,302],{},[46,160535,160537],{"className":48,"code":160536,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160538,160539,160553],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160540,160541,160543,160545,160547,160549,160551],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160542,3454],{"class":65},[55,160544,3457],{"class":2226},[55,160546,324],{"class":247},[55,160548,2351],{"class":251},[55,160550,315],{"class":247},[55,160552,3466],{"class":65},[55,160554,160555],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,160556,4143],{"class":1312},[20,160558,160559,160560,160562],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160561,44948],{}," is more practical.",[46,160564,160566],{"className":48,"code":160565,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160567,160568,160576,160580,160596],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160569,160570,160572,160574],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160571,2608],{"class":61},[55,160573,66],{"class":65},[55,160575,34984],{"class":73},[55,160577,160578],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,160579,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,160581,160582,160584,160586,160588,160590,160592,160594],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,160583,7157],{"class":4040},[55,160585,49757],{"class":120},[55,160587,103],{"class":69},[55,160589,2633],{"class":99},[55,160591,77],{"class":69},[55,160593,45419],{"class":1898},[55,160595,8502],{"class":69},[55,160597,160598,160600,160602,160604,160607,160609],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,160599,8230],{"class":120},[55,160601,103],{"class":69},[55,160603,248],{"class":247},[55,160605,160606],{"class":251},"This is an integer",[55,160608,248],{"class":247},[55,160610,114],{"class":69},[20,160612,31,160613,160615],{},[15,160614,2464],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160617,31,160618,160620,160621,7332],{},[15,160619,44948],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160622,7157],{},[20,160624,160625,160626,44],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[36,160627,3740,160629,3673],{"href":160628},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160630,44948],{},[142,160632,160634,160635],{"id":160633},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160636,2464],{},[20,160638,160639],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[46,160641,160643],{"className":48,"code":160642,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160644,160645],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160646,160647,160649,160651,160653,160655,160658,160660,160662],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160648,1910],{"class":1898},[55,160650,103],{"class":69},[55,160652,7829],{"class":99},[55,160654,77],{"class":69},[55,160656,160657],{"class":99}," bases",[55,160659,77],{"class":69},[55,160661,9332],{"class":1898},[55,160663,114],{"class":69},[20,160665,160666],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160668,230],{},[46,160670,160672],{"className":48,"code":160671,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160673,160674,160717,160721,160731],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160675,160676,160679,160681,160683,160685,160687,160690,160692,160694,160697,160699,160701,160704,160706,160708,160710,160713,160715],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160677,160678],{"class":61},"Person ",[55,160680,66],{"class":65},[55,160682,49534],{"class":1898},[55,160684,103],{"class":69},[55,160686,248],{"class":247},[55,160688,160689],{"class":251},"Person",[55,160691,248],{"class":247},[55,160693,77],{"class":69},[55,160695,160696],{"class":69}," (),",[55,160698,10652],{"class":69},[55,160700,248],{"class":247},[55,160702,160703],{"class":251},"species",[55,160705,248],{"class":247},[55,160707,153],{"class":69},[55,160709,258],{"class":247},[55,160711,160712],{"class":251},"human",[55,160714,248],{"class":247},[55,160716,30640],{"class":69},[55,160718,160719],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,160720,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,160722,160723,160725,160727,160729],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,160724,121],{"class":120},[55,160726,103],{"class":69},[55,160728,160689],{"class":99},[55,160730,114],{"class":69},[55,160732,160733,160735,160737,160739,160741,160743],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,160734,121],{"class":120},[55,160736,103],{"class":69},[55,160738,160689],{"class":99},[55,160740,44],{"class":69},[55,160742,160703],{"class":1880},[55,160744,114],{"class":69},[20,160746,302],{},[46,160748,160750],{"className":48,"code":160749,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160751,160752,160767],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160753,160754,160756,160758,160760,160763,160765],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160755,3454],{"class":65},[55,160757,3457],{"class":2226},[55,160759,324],{"class":247},[55,160761,160762],{"class":251},"__main__.Person",[55,160764,315],{"class":247},[55,160766,3466],{"class":65},[55,160768,160769],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,160770,160771],{"class":61},"human\n",[20,160773,160774,160775,160777],{},"Most beginners do ",[1966,160776,1968],{}," need this form.",[20,160779,160780],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[142,160782,1937,160784],{"id":160783},"when-to-use-type",[15,160785,2464],{},[20,160787,160788,12601],{},[15,160789,2464],{},[155,160791,160792,160795,160798,160801],{},[158,160793,160794],{},"debug unexpected values",[158,160796,160797],{},"check what a conversion produced",[158,160799,160800],{},"learn Python data types",[158,160802,160803],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160805,5631],{},[46,160807,160809],{"className":48,"code":160808,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160810,160811,160823,160837,160841,160855],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160812,160813,160815,160817,160819,160821],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160814,34829],{"class":61},[55,160816,66],{"class":65},[55,160818,258],{"class":247},[55,160820,50390],{"class":251},[55,160822,3522],{"class":247},[55,160824,160825,160827,160829,160831,160833,160835],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,160826,2380],{"class":61},[55,160828,66],{"class":65},[55,160830,45419],{"class":1898},[55,160832,103],{"class":69},[55,160834,34850],{"class":99},[55,160836,114],{"class":69},[55,160838,160839],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,160840,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,160842,160843,160845,160847,160849,160851,160853],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,160844,121],{"class":120},[55,160846,103],{"class":69},[55,160848,1910],{"class":1898},[55,160850,103],{"class":69},[55,160852,34850],{"class":99},[55,160854,1867],{"class":69},[55,160856,160857,160859,160861,160863,160865,160867],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,160858,121],{"class":120},[55,160860,103],{"class":69},[55,160862,1910],{"class":1898},[55,160864,103],{"class":69},[55,160866,2402],{"class":99},[55,160868,1867],{"class":69},[20,160870,302],{},[46,160872,160873],{"className":48,"code":125056,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,160874,160875,160889],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160876,160877,160879,160881,160883,160885,160887],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160878,3454],{"class":65},[55,160880,3457],{"class":2226},[55,160882,324],{"class":247},[55,160884,3607],{"class":251},[55,160886,315],{"class":247},[55,160888,3466],{"class":65},[55,160890,160891,160893,160895,160897,160899,160901],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,160892,3454],{"class":65},[55,160894,3457],{"class":2226},[55,160896,324],{"class":247},[55,160898,2351],{"class":251},[55,160900,315],{"class":247},[55,160902,3466],{"class":65},[20,160904,160905],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160907,160908,160909,2352,160913,17222,160917,160921],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[36,160910,160911],{"href":42317},[15,160912,47827],{},[36,160914,160915],{"href":3037},[15,160916,3040],{},[36,160918,160919],{"href":3044},[15,160920,3047],{}," are often the next step.",[142,160923,25502],{"id":25501},[20,160925,160926,160927,160929],{},"A few things about ",[15,160928,2464],{}," often confuse beginners.",[577,160931,160933,160936],{"id":160932},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160934,160935],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160938,64768],{},[46,160940,160942],{"className":48,"code":160941,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160943,160944],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160945,160946,160948,160950,160952,160954,160956],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160947,121],{"class":120},[55,160949,103],{"class":69},[55,160951,1910],{"class":1898},[55,160953,103],{"class":69},[55,160955,2297],{"class":73},[55,160957,1867],{"class":69},[20,160959,122899],{},[46,160961,160962],{"className":48,"code":156411,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,160963,160964],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160965,160966,160968,160970,160972,160974,160976],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160967,3454],{"class":65},[55,160969,3457],{"class":2226},[55,160971,324],{"class":247},[55,160973,2351],{"class":251},[55,160975,315],{"class":247},[55,160977,3466],{"class":65},[20,160979,41047,160980,160982,160983,44],{},[1966,160981,1968],{}," print just ",[15,160984,2351],{},[20,160986,6836,160987,160989],{},[15,160988,2464],{}," returns a class object.",[577,160991,160993,2558,160995],{"id":160992},"input-returns-str",[15,160994,3121],{},[15,160996,3607],{},[20,160998,79524],{},[46,161000,161002],{"className":48,"code":161001,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161003,161004,161022],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161005,161006,161008,161010,161012,161014,161016,161018,161020],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161007,2608],{"class":61},[55,161009,66],{"class":65},[55,161011,8403],{"class":120},[55,161013,103],{"class":69},[55,161015,248],{"class":247},[55,161017,46453],{"class":251},[55,161019,248],{"class":247},[55,161021,114],{"class":69},[55,161023,161024,161026,161028,161030,161032,161034],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,161025,121],{"class":120},[55,161027,103],{"class":69},[55,161029,1910],{"class":1898},[55,161031,103],{"class":69},[55,161033,2633],{"class":99},[55,161035,1867],{"class":69},[20,161037,161038],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161040,161041,161042,3041,161044,44],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161043,3040],{},[15,161045,3047],{},[577,161047,161049],{"id":161048},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161051,161052],{},"Avoid code like this:",[46,161054,161056],{"className":48,"code":161055,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161057,161058,161066,161070,161096],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161059,161060,161062,161064],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161061,2608],{"class":61},[55,161063,66],{"class":65},[55,161065,34984],{"class":73},[55,161067,161068],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,161069,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,161071,161072,161074,161076,161078,161080,161082,161084,161086,161088,161090,161092,161094],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,161073,7157],{"class":4040},[55,161075,49048],{"class":1898},[55,161077,103],{"class":69},[55,161079,1910],{"class":1898},[55,161081,103],{"class":69},[55,161083,2633],{"class":99},[55,161085,5522],{"class":69},[55,161087,6567],{"class":65},[55,161089,258],{"class":247},[55,161091,159790],{"class":251},[55,161093,248],{"class":247},[55,161095,6552],{"class":69},[55,161097,161098,161100,161102,161104,161107,161109],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,161099,8230],{"class":120},[55,161101,103],{"class":69},[55,161103,248],{"class":247},[55,161105,161106],{"class":251},"It is an int",[55,161108,248],{"class":247},[55,161110,114],{"class":69},[20,161112,161113],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161115,161116],{},"Better options:",[46,161118,161120],{"className":48,"code":161119,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161121,161122,161130,161134,161154],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161123,161124,161126,161128],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161125,2608],{"class":61},[55,161127,66],{"class":65},[55,161129,34984],{"class":73},[55,161131,161132],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,161133,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,161135,161136,161138,161140,161142,161144,161146,161148,161150,161152],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,161137,121],{"class":120},[55,161139,103],{"class":69},[55,161141,1910],{"class":1898},[55,161143,103],{"class":69},[55,161145,2633],{"class":99},[55,161147,3825],{"class":69},[55,161149,6567],{"class":65},[55,161151,45419],{"class":1898},[55,161153,114],{"class":69},[55,161155,161156,161158,161160,161162,161164,161166,161168,161170],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,161157,121],{"class":120},[55,161159,103],{"class":69},[55,161161,49019],{"class":120},[55,161163,103],{"class":69},[55,161165,2633],{"class":99},[55,161167,77],{"class":69},[55,161169,45419],{"class":1898},[55,161171,1867],{"class":69},[20,161173,302],{},[46,161175,161176],{"className":48,"code":4667,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,161177,161178,161182],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161179,161180],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161181,4143],{"class":1312},[55,161183,161184],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,161185,4143],{"class":1312},[20,161187,161188,161189,161191],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161190,44948],{}," is the more useful check.",[142,161193,2992],{"id":2991},[20,161195,1214,161196,153],{},[15,161197,2464],{},[155,161199,161200,161210,161219,161228],{},[158,161201,8578,161202,161204,161205,161209],{},[15,161203,2464],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[36,161206,161207],{"href":8380},[15,161208,3121],{}," always returns a string",[158,161211,1553,161212,161214,161215,11252,161217],{},[15,161213,2464],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161216,2351],{},[15,161218,159790],{},[158,161220,8578,161221,44772,161224,161227],{},[15,161222,161223],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161225,161226],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[158,161229,161230],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161232,161233,161234,44],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[36,161235,161237],{"href":161236},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161239,144565],{},[46,161241,161243],{"className":48,"code":161242,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161244,161245,161259,161269,161283,161293],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161246,161247,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161248,121],{"class":120},[55,161250,103],{"class":69},[55,161252,1910],{"class":1898},[55,161254,103],{"class":69},[55,161256,2633],{"class":99},[55,161258,1867],{"class":69},[55,161260,161261,161263,161265,161267],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,161262,121],{"class":120},[55,161264,103],{"class":69},[55,161266,2633],{"class":99},[55,161268,114],{"class":69},[55,161270,161271,161273,161275,161277,161279,161281],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,161272,121],{"class":120},[55,161274,103],{"class":69},[55,161276,41921],{"class":120},[55,161278,103],{"class":69},[55,161280,2633],{"class":99},[55,161282,1867],{"class":69},[55,161284,161285,161287,161289,161291],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,161286,1893],{"class":120},[55,161288,103],{"class":69},[55,161290,1910],{"class":1898},[55,161292,114],{"class":69},[55,161294,161295,161297,161299,161301],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,161296,34515],{"class":120},[55,161298,103],{"class":69},[55,161300,2633],{"class":99},[55,161302,114],{"class":69},[20,161304,161305],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[142,161307,1986],{"id":1985},[577,161309,5303,161311,5306],{"id":161310},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161312,2464],{},[20,161314,161315,161316,2352,161318,2352,161320,2356,161322,161324,161325,44],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161317,3607],{},[15,161319,2351],{},[15,161321,1899],{},[15,161323,8983],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161326,159787],{},[577,161328,15052,161330,57329,161332,2027],{"id":161329},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161331,2464],{},[15,161333,44948],{},[20,161335,46508,161336,161338,161339,161341],{},[15,161337,2464],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161340,44948],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[577,161343,5319,161345,161348,161349,2027],{"id":161344},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161346,161347],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161350,3607],{},[20,161352,29206,161353,161355,161356,3041,161358,160449],{},[15,161354,3121],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161357,3040],{},[15,161359,3047],{},[577,161361,2009,161363,161365],{"id":161362},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161364,2464],{}," create classes?",[20,161367,161368,161369,44],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161370,161371],{},"type(object)",[142,161373,2039],{"id":2038},[155,161375,161376,161380,161386,161392,161396,161402,161408],{},[158,161377,161378],{},[36,161379,44940],{"href":49122},[158,161381,161382],{},[36,161383,3740,161384,3673],{"href":160628},[15,161385,44948],{},[158,161387,161388],{},[36,161389,3740,161390,3673],{"href":8380},[15,161391,3121],{},[158,161393,161394],{},[36,161395,9219],{"href":9141},[158,161397,161398],{},[36,161399,3740,161400,3673],{"href":3037},[15,161401,3040],{},[158,161403,161404],{},[36,161405,3740,161406,3673],{"href":3044},[15,161407,3047],{},[158,161409,161410],{},[36,161411,3740,161412,3673],{"href":42317},[15,161413,47827],{},[2080,161415,161416],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":161418},[161419,161420,161422,161423,161424,161426,161428,161430,161432,161439,161440,161450],{"id":3773,"depth":91,"text":3774},{"id":159793,"depth":91,"text":161421},"What the type() function does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":121867,"depth":91,"text":121868},{"id":160151,"depth":91,"text":161425},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160457,"depth":91,"text":161427},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160633,"depth":91,"text":161429},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160783,"depth":91,"text":161431},"When to use type()",{"id":25501,"depth":91,"text":25502,"children":161433},[161434,161436,161438],{"id":160932,"depth":117,"text":161435},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160992,"depth":117,"text":161437},"input() returns str",{"id":161048,"depth":117,"text":161049},{"id":2991,"depth":91,"text":2992},{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":161441},[161442,161444,161446,161448],{"id":161310,"depth":117,"text":161443},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161329,"depth":117,"text":161445},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161344,"depth":117,"text":161447},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161362,"depth":117,"text":161449},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159627,"description":161451},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161457,"title":161458,"body":161459,"description":163938,"extension":2124,"meta":163939,"navigation":428,"path":163940,"seo":163941,"stem":163942,"__hash__":163943},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161460,"toc":163895},[161461,161466,161471,161480,161482,161582,161584,161609,161614,161619,161635,161638,161640,161642,161667,161670,161673,161756,161758,161807,161810,161932,161934,162007,162011,162014,162128,162130,162156,162158,162179,162184,162188,162193,162196,162300,162302,162319,162328,162331,162418,162420,162431,162436,162442,162447,162453,162456,162549,162551,162600,162606,162609,162710,162712,162765,162770,162774,162777,162876,162878,162917,162920,162925,162927,162932,162936,163049,163053,163150,163154,163242,163244,163261,163265,163388,163394,163400,163406,163411,163414,163441,163445,163447,163541,163544,163548,163551,163638,163641,163676,163678,163715,163718,163726,163731,163736,163810,163817,163819,163824,163827,163833,163836,163842,163847,163853,163858,163862,163865,163867,163892],[10,161462,3740,161464,3744],{"id":161463},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161465,64444],{},[20,161467,161468,161470],{},[15,161469,64444],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161472,161473,161474,161476,161477,161479],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161475,64444],{}," inside a ",[15,161478,6115],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[142,161481,2165],{"id":2164},[46,161483,161485],{"className":48,"code":161484,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161486,161487,161519,161539,161543,161568],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161488,161489,161491,161493,161495,161497,161499,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161490,5155],{"class":61},[55,161492,66],{"class":65},[55,161494,70],{"class":69},[55,161496,248],{"class":247},[55,161498,13036],{"class":251},[55,161500,248],{"class":247},[55,161502,77],{"class":69},[55,161504,258],{"class":247},[55,161506,36081],{"class":251},[55,161508,248],{"class":247},[55,161510,77],{"class":69},[55,161512,258],{"class":247},[55,161514,36090],{"class":251},[55,161516,248],{"class":247},[55,161518,88],{"class":69},[55,161520,161521,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531,161533,161535,161537],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,161522,5224],{"class":61},[55,161524,66],{"class":65},[55,161526,70],{"class":69},[55,161528,13653],{"class":73},[55,161530,77],{"class":69},[55,161532,13658],{"class":73},[55,161534,77],{"class":69},[55,161536,29065],{"class":73},[55,161538,88],{"class":69},[55,161540,161541],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,161542,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,161544,161545,161547,161549,161551,161553,161555,161558,161560,161562,161564,161566],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,161546,6115],{"class":4040},[55,161548,36132],{"class":61},[55,161550,77],{"class":69},[55,161552,5266],{"class":61},[55,161554,4047],{"class":4040},[55,161556,161557],{"class":120}," zip",[55,161559,103],{"class":69},[55,161561,5199],{"class":99},[55,161563,77],{"class":69},[55,161565,5271],{"class":99},[55,161567,8502],{"class":69},[55,161569,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,161571,8230],{"class":120},[55,161573,103],{"class":69},[55,161575,7829],{"class":99},[55,161577,77],{"class":69},[55,161579,130845],{"class":99},[55,161581,114],{"class":69},[20,161583,302],{},[46,161585,161587],{"className":48,"code":161586,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161588,161589,161595,161602],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161590,161591,161593],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161592,133864],{"class":61},[55,161594,33280],{"class":73},[55,161596,161597,161600],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,161598,161599],{"class":61},"Ben ",[55,161601,33285],{"class":73},[55,161603,161604,161607],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,161605,161606],{"class":61},"Cara ",[55,161608,33290],{"class":73},[20,161610,31,161611,161613],{},[15,161612,64444],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[142,161615,145,161617,148],{"id":161616},"what-zip-does",[15,161618,64444],{},[155,161620,161621,161626,161629,161632],{},[158,161622,161623,161625],{},[15,161624,64444],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[158,161627,161628],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[158,161630,161631],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[158,161633,161634],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161636,161637],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[142,161639,2319],{"id":2318},[20,161641,7378],{},[46,161643,161645],{"className":48,"code":161644,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161646,161647],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161648,161649,161651,161653,161656,161658,161661,161663,161665],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161650,64514],{"class":120},[55,161652,103],{"class":69},[55,161654,161655],{"class":99},"iterable1",[55,161657,77],{"class":69},[55,161659,161660],{"class":99}," iterable2",[55,161662,77],{"class":69},[55,161664,34595],{"class":120},[55,161666,114],{"class":69},[20,161668,161669],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161671,161672],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[46,161674,161676],{"className":48,"code":161675,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161677,161678,161698,161730,161734],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161679,161680,161682,161684,161686,161688,161690,161692,161694,161696],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161681,62],{"class":61},[55,161683,66],{"class":65},[55,161685,70],{"class":69},[55,161687,74],{"class":73},[55,161689,77],{"class":69},[55,161691,80],{"class":73},[55,161693,77],{"class":69},[55,161695,111],{"class":73},[55,161697,88],{"class":69},[55,161699,161700,161702,161704,161706,161708,161710,161712,161714,161716,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,161701,240],{"class":61},[55,161703,66],{"class":65},[55,161705,70],{"class":69},[55,161707,248],{"class":247},[55,161709,36],{"class":251},[55,161711,248],{"class":247},[55,161713,77],{"class":69},[55,161715,258],{"class":247},[55,161717,285],{"class":251},[55,161719,248],{"class":247},[55,161721,77],{"class":69},[55,161723,258],{"class":247},[55,161725,261],{"class":251},[55,161727,248],{"class":247},[55,161729,88],{"class":69},[55,161731,161732],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,161733,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,161735,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161748,161750,161752,161754],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,161737,121],{"class":120},[55,161739,103],{"class":69},[55,161741,1899],{"class":1898},[55,161743,103],{"class":69},[55,161745,64514],{"class":120},[55,161747,103],{"class":69},[55,161749,94],{"class":99},[55,161751,77],{"class":69},[55,161753,70078],{"class":99},[55,161755,3075],{"class":69},[20,161757,302],{},[46,161759,161761],{"className":48,"code":161760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161762,161763],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161764,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797,161799,161801,161803,161805],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161766,21887],{"class":69},[55,161768,74],{"class":73},[55,161770,77],{"class":69},[55,161772,324],{"class":247},[55,161774,36],{"class":251},[55,161776,315],{"class":247},[55,161778,9395],{"class":69},[55,161780,9398],{"class":69},[55,161782,106],{"class":73},[55,161784,77],{"class":69},[55,161786,324],{"class":247},[55,161788,285],{"class":251},[55,161790,315],{"class":247},[55,161792,9395],{"class":69},[55,161794,9398],{"class":69},[55,161796,2223],{"class":73},[55,161798,77],{"class":69},[55,161800,324],{"class":247},[55,161802,261],{"class":251},[55,161804,315],{"class":247},[55,161806,9411],{"class":69},[20,161808,161809],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[46,161811,161813],{"className":48,"code":161812,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161814,161815,161847,161867,161901,161905],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161816,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841,161843,161845],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161818,5155],{"class":61},[55,161820,66],{"class":65},[55,161822,70],{"class":69},[55,161824,248],{"class":247},[55,161826,13036],{"class":251},[55,161828,248],{"class":247},[55,161830,77],{"class":69},[55,161832,258],{"class":247},[55,161834,36081],{"class":251},[55,161836,248],{"class":247},[55,161838,77],{"class":69},[55,161840,258],{"class":247},[55,161842,36090],{"class":251},[55,161844,248],{"class":247},[55,161846,88],{"class":69},[55,161848,161849,161851,161853,161855,161857,161859,161861,161863,161865],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,161850,5224],{"class":61},[55,161852,66],{"class":65},[55,161854,70],{"class":69},[55,161856,13653],{"class":73},[55,161858,77],{"class":69},[55,161860,13658],{"class":73},[55,161862,77],{"class":69},[55,161864,29065],{"class":73},[55,161866,88],{"class":69},[55,161868,161869,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161897,161899],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,161870,161871],{"class":61},"grades ",[55,161873,66],{"class":65},[55,161875,70],{"class":69},[55,161877,248],{"class":247},[55,161879,22392],{"class":251},[55,161881,248],{"class":247},[55,161883,77],{"class":69},[55,161885,258],{"class":247},[55,161887,30744],{"class":251},[55,161889,248],{"class":247},[55,161891,77],{"class":69},[55,161893,258],{"class":247},[55,161895,161896],{"class":251},"B+",[55,161898,248],{"class":247},[55,161900,88],{"class":69},[55,161902,161903],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,161904,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,161906,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161923,161925,161927,161930],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,161908,121],{"class":120},[55,161910,103],{"class":69},[55,161912,1899],{"class":1898},[55,161914,103],{"class":69},[55,161916,64514],{"class":120},[55,161918,103],{"class":69},[55,161920,5199],{"class":99},[55,161922,77],{"class":69},[55,161924,5271],{"class":99},[55,161926,77],{"class":69},[55,161928,161929],{"class":99}," grades",[55,161931,3075],{"class":69},[20,161933,302],{},[46,161935,161937],{"className":48,"code":161936,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161938,161939],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161940,161941,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001,162003,162005],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161942,21887],{"class":69},[55,161944,315],{"class":247},[55,161946,13036],{"class":251},[55,161948,315],{"class":247},[55,161950,77],{"class":69},[55,161952,20045],{"class":73},[55,161954,77],{"class":69},[55,161956,324],{"class":247},[55,161958,22392],{"class":251},[55,161960,315],{"class":247},[55,161962,9395],{"class":69},[55,161964,9398],{"class":69},[55,161966,315],{"class":247},[55,161968,36081],{"class":251},[55,161970,315],{"class":247},[55,161972,77],{"class":69},[55,161974,13658],{"class":73},[55,161976,77],{"class":69},[55,161978,324],{"class":247},[55,161980,30744],{"class":251},[55,161982,315],{"class":247},[55,161984,9395],{"class":69},[55,161986,9398],{"class":69},[55,161988,315],{"class":247},[55,161990,36090],{"class":251},[55,161992,315],{"class":247},[55,161994,77],{"class":69},[55,161996,29065],{"class":73},[55,161998,77],{"class":69},[55,162000,324],{"class":247},[55,162002,161896],{"class":251},[55,162004,315],{"class":247},[55,162006,9411],{"class":69},[142,162008,162010],{"id":162009},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162012,162013],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[46,162015,162017],{"className":48,"code":162016,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162018,162019,162051,162071,162075,162099],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162020,162021,162023,162025,162027,162029,162031,162033,162035,162037,162039,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162022,5155],{"class":61},[55,162024,66],{"class":65},[55,162026,70],{"class":69},[55,162028,248],{"class":247},[55,162030,13036],{"class":251},[55,162032,248],{"class":247},[55,162034,77],{"class":69},[55,162036,258],{"class":247},[55,162038,36081],{"class":251},[55,162040,248],{"class":247},[55,162042,77],{"class":69},[55,162044,258],{"class":247},[55,162046,36090],{"class":251},[55,162048,248],{"class":247},[55,162050,88],{"class":69},[55,162052,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063,162065,162067,162069],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,162054,5224],{"class":61},[55,162056,66],{"class":65},[55,162058,70],{"class":69},[55,162060,13653],{"class":73},[55,162062,77],{"class":69},[55,162064,13658],{"class":73},[55,162066,77],{"class":69},[55,162068,29065],{"class":73},[55,162070,88],{"class":69},[55,162072,162073],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,162074,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,162076,162077,162079,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091,162093,162095,162097],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,162078,6115],{"class":4040},[55,162080,36132],{"class":61},[55,162082,77],{"class":69},[55,162084,5266],{"class":61},[55,162086,4047],{"class":4040},[55,162088,161557],{"class":120},[55,162090,103],{"class":69},[55,162092,5199],{"class":99},[55,162094,77],{"class":69},[55,162096,5271],{"class":99},[55,162098,8502],{"class":69},[55,162100,162101,162103,162105,162107,162109,162111,162113,162115,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,162102,8230],{"class":120},[55,162104,103],{"class":69},[55,162106,22441],{"class":2226},[55,162108,248],{"class":251},[55,162110,9440],{"class":73},[55,162112,7829],{"class":99},[55,162114,22450],{"class":73},[55,162116,162117],{"class":251}," scored ",[55,162119,9440],{"class":73},[55,162121,85502],{"class":99},[55,162123,22450],{"class":73},[55,162125,248],{"class":251},[55,162127,114],{"class":69},[20,162129,302],{},[46,162131,162133],{"className":48,"code":162132,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162134,162135,162142,162149],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162136,162137,162140],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162138,162139],{"class":61},"Ana scored ",[55,162141,33280],{"class":73},[55,162143,162144,162147],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,162145,162146],{"class":61},"Ben scored ",[55,162148,33285],{"class":73},[55,162150,162151,162154],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,162152,162153],{"class":61},"Cara scored ",[55,162155,33290],{"class":73},[20,162157,45073],{},[155,162159,162160,162169,162172],{},[158,162161,162162,162165,162166],{},[15,162163,162164],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162167,162168],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[158,162170,162171],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[158,162173,162174,352,162176,162178],{},[15,162175,7829],{},[15,162177,85502],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162180,162181,162182,44],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[36,162183,69595],{"href":69594},[142,162185,162187],{"id":162186},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162189,162190,162192],{},[15,162191,64444],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162194,162195],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[46,162197,162199],{"className":48,"code":162198,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162200,162201,162242,162258,162262,162286],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162202,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227,162229,162231,162233,162235,162238,162240],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162204,5155],{"class":61},[55,162206,66],{"class":65},[55,162208,70],{"class":69},[55,162210,248],{"class":247},[55,162212,13036],{"class":251},[55,162214,248],{"class":247},[55,162216,77],{"class":69},[55,162218,258],{"class":247},[55,162220,36081],{"class":251},[55,162222,248],{"class":247},[55,162224,77],{"class":69},[55,162226,258],{"class":247},[55,162228,36090],{"class":251},[55,162230,248],{"class":247},[55,162232,77],{"class":69},[55,162234,258],{"class":247},[55,162236,162237],{"class":251},"Dan",[55,162239,248],{"class":247},[55,162241,88],{"class":69},[55,162243,162244,162246,162248,162250,162252,162254,162256],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,162245,5224],{"class":61},[55,162247,66],{"class":65},[55,162249,70],{"class":69},[55,162251,13653],{"class":73},[55,162253,77],{"class":69},[55,162255,13658],{"class":73},[55,162257,88],{"class":69},[55,162259,162260],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,162261,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,162263,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,162265,6115],{"class":4040},[55,162267,36132],{"class":61},[55,162269,77],{"class":69},[55,162271,5266],{"class":61},[55,162273,4047],{"class":4040},[55,162275,161557],{"class":120},[55,162277,103],{"class":69},[55,162279,5199],{"class":99},[55,162281,77],{"class":69},[55,162283,5271],{"class":99},[55,162285,8502],{"class":69},[55,162287,162288,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,162289,8230],{"class":120},[55,162291,103],{"class":69},[55,162293,7829],{"class":99},[55,162295,77],{"class":69},[55,162297,130845],{"class":99},[55,162299,114],{"class":69},[20,162301,302],{},[46,162303,162305],{"className":48,"code":162304,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162306,162307,162313],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162308,162309,162311],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162310,133864],{"class":61},[55,162312,33280],{"class":73},[55,162314,162315,162317],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,162316,161599],{"class":61},[55,162318,33285],{"class":73},[20,162320,2448,162321,352,162324,162327],{},[15,162322,162323],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162325,162326],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162329,162330],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[46,162332,162334],{"className":48,"code":162333,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162335,162336,162376,162392,162396],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162337,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162339,5155],{"class":61},[55,162341,66],{"class":65},[55,162343,70],{"class":69},[55,162345,248],{"class":247},[55,162347,13036],{"class":251},[55,162349,248],{"class":247},[55,162351,77],{"class":69},[55,162353,258],{"class":247},[55,162355,36081],{"class":251},[55,162357,248],{"class":247},[55,162359,77],{"class":69},[55,162361,258],{"class":247},[55,162363,36090],{"class":251},[55,162365,248],{"class":247},[55,162367,77],{"class":69},[55,162369,258],{"class":247},[55,162371,162237],{"class":251},[55,162373,248],{"class":247},[55,162375,88],{"class":69},[55,162377,162378,162380,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,162379,5224],{"class":61},[55,162381,66],{"class":65},[55,162383,70],{"class":69},[55,162385,13653],{"class":73},[55,162387,77],{"class":69},[55,162389,13658],{"class":73},[55,162391,88],{"class":69},[55,162393,162394],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,162395,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,162397,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,162399,121],{"class":120},[55,162401,103],{"class":69},[55,162403,1860],{"class":120},[55,162405,103],{"class":69},[55,162407,5199],{"class":99},[55,162409,9395],{"class":69},[55,162411,38526],{"class":120},[55,162413,103],{"class":69},[55,162415,16539],{"class":99},[55,162417,1867],{"class":69},[20,162419,302],{},[46,162421,162423],{"className":48,"code":162422,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"4 2\n",[15,162424,162425],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162426,162427,162429],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162428,2665],{"class":73},[55,162430,45732],{"class":73},[20,162432,162433,162434,44],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162435,64444],{},[142,162437,92093,162439,162441],{"id":162438},"converting-zip-output",[15,162440,64444],{}," output",[20,162443,29206,162444,162446],{},[15,162445,64444],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[577,162448,31,162450],{"id":162449},"use-listzip",[15,162451,162452],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162454,162455],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[46,162457,162459],{"className":48,"code":162458,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162460,162461,162493,162513,162517,162539],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162462,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162464,5155],{"class":61},[55,162466,66],{"class":65},[55,162468,70],{"class":69},[55,162470,248],{"class":247},[55,162472,13036],{"class":251},[55,162474,248],{"class":247},[55,162476,77],{"class":69},[55,162478,258],{"class":247},[55,162480,36081],{"class":251},[55,162482,248],{"class":247},[55,162484,77],{"class":69},[55,162486,258],{"class":247},[55,162488,36090],{"class":251},[55,162490,248],{"class":247},[55,162492,88],{"class":69},[55,162494,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,162496,5224],{"class":61},[55,162498,66],{"class":65},[55,162500,70],{"class":69},[55,162502,13653],{"class":73},[55,162504,77],{"class":69},[55,162506,13658],{"class":73},[55,162508,77],{"class":69},[55,162510,29065],{"class":73},[55,162512,88],{"class":69},[55,162514,162515],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,162516,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,162518,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,162520,9377],{"class":61},[55,162522,66],{"class":65},[55,162524,22705],{"class":1898},[55,162526,103],{"class":69},[55,162528,64514],{"class":120},[55,162530,103],{"class":69},[55,162532,5199],{"class":99},[55,162534,77],{"class":69},[55,162536,5271],{"class":99},[55,162538,1867],{"class":69},[55,162540,162541,162543,162545,162547],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,162542,121],{"class":120},[55,162544,103],{"class":69},[55,162546,9424],{"class":99},[55,162548,114],{"class":69},[20,162550,302],{},[46,162552,162554],{"className":48,"code":162553,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162555,162556],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162557,162558,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590,162592,162594,162596,162598],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162559,21887],{"class":69},[55,162561,315],{"class":247},[55,162563,13036],{"class":251},[55,162565,315],{"class":247},[55,162567,77],{"class":69},[55,162569,20045],{"class":73},[55,162571,9395],{"class":69},[55,162573,9398],{"class":69},[55,162575,315],{"class":247},[55,162577,36081],{"class":251},[55,162579,315],{"class":247},[55,162581,77],{"class":69},[55,162583,13658],{"class":73},[55,162585,9395],{"class":69},[55,162587,9398],{"class":69},[55,162589,315],{"class":247},[55,162591,36090],{"class":251},[55,162593,315],{"class":247},[55,162595,77],{"class":69},[55,162597,29065],{"class":73},[55,162599,9411],{"class":69},[577,162601,31,162603],{"id":162602},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162604,162605],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162607,162608],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[46,162610,162612],{"className":48,"code":162611,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162613,162614,162646,162674,162678,162700],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162615,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162617,17392],{"class":61},[55,162619,66],{"class":65},[55,162621,70],{"class":69},[55,162623,248],{"class":247},[55,162625,7829],{"class":251},[55,162627,248],{"class":247},[55,162629,77],{"class":69},[55,162631,258],{"class":247},[55,162633,9461],{"class":251},[55,162635,248],{"class":247},[55,162637,77],{"class":69},[55,162639,258],{"class":247},[55,162641,10570],{"class":251},[55,162643,248],{"class":247},[55,162645,88],{"class":69},[55,162647,162648,162650,162652,162654,162656,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,162649,3986],{"class":61},[55,162651,66],{"class":65},[55,162653,70],{"class":69},[55,162655,248],{"class":247},[55,162657,13036],{"class":251},[55,162659,248],{"class":247},[55,162661,77],{"class":69},[55,162663,9468],{"class":73},[55,162665,77],{"class":69},[55,162667,258],{"class":247},[55,162669,16181],{"class":251},[55,162671,248],{"class":247},[55,162673,88],{"class":69},[55,162675,162676],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,162677,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,162679,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,162681,13357],{"class":61},[55,162683,66],{"class":65},[55,162685,9332],{"class":1898},[55,162687,103],{"class":69},[55,162689,64514],{"class":120},[55,162691,103],{"class":69},[55,162693,17073],{"class":99},[55,162695,77],{"class":69},[55,162697,4050],{"class":99},[55,162699,1867],{"class":69},[55,162701,162702,162704,162706,162708],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,162703,121],{"class":120},[55,162705,103],{"class":69},[55,162707,17457],{"class":99},[55,162709,114],{"class":69},[20,162711,302],{},[46,162713,162715],{"className":48,"code":162714,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162716,162717],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162718,162719,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162720,9440],{"class":69},[55,162722,315],{"class":247},[55,162724,7829],{"class":251},[55,162726,315],{"class":247},[55,162728,153],{"class":69},[55,162730,324],{"class":247},[55,162732,13036],{"class":251},[55,162734,315],{"class":247},[55,162736,77],{"class":69},[55,162738,324],{"class":247},[55,162740,9461],{"class":251},[55,162742,315],{"class":247},[55,162744,153],{"class":69},[55,162746,9468],{"class":73},[55,162748,77],{"class":69},[55,162750,324],{"class":247},[55,162752,10570],{"class":251},[55,162754,315],{"class":247},[55,162756,153],{"class":69},[55,162758,324],{"class":247},[55,162760,16181],{"class":251},[55,162762,315],{"class":247},[55,162764,9471],{"class":69},[20,162766,162767,162768,44],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[36,162769,31231],{"href":31230},[577,162771,162773],{"id":162772},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162775,162776],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[46,162778,162780],{"className":48,"code":162779,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162781,162782,162806,162822,162826,162844,162848,162862],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162783,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796,162798,162800,162802,162804],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162785,5155],{"class":61},[55,162787,66],{"class":65},[55,162789,70],{"class":69},[55,162791,248],{"class":247},[55,162793,13036],{"class":251},[55,162795,248],{"class":247},[55,162797,77],{"class":69},[55,162799,258],{"class":247},[55,162801,36081],{"class":251},[55,162803,248],{"class":247},[55,162805,88],{"class":69},[55,162807,162808,162810,162812,162814,162816,162818,162820],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,162809,5224],{"class":61},[55,162811,66],{"class":65},[55,162813,70],{"class":69},[55,162815,13653],{"class":73},[55,162817,77],{"class":69},[55,162819,13658],{"class":73},[55,162821,88],{"class":69},[55,162823,162824],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,162825,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,162827,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840,162842],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,162829,9377],{"class":61},[55,162831,66],{"class":65},[55,162833,161557],{"class":120},[55,162835,103],{"class":69},[55,162837,5199],{"class":99},[55,162839,77],{"class":69},[55,162841,5271],{"class":99},[55,162843,114],{"class":69},[55,162845,162846],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,162847,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,162849,162850,162852,162854,162856,162858,162860],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,162851,121],{"class":120},[55,162853,103],{"class":69},[55,162855,1899],{"class":1898},[55,162857,103],{"class":69},[55,162859,9424],{"class":99},[55,162861,1867],{"class":69},[55,162863,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872,162874],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,162865,121],{"class":120},[55,162867,103],{"class":69},[55,162869,1899],{"class":1898},[55,162871,103],{"class":69},[55,162873,9424],{"class":99},[55,162875,1867],{"class":69},[20,162877,302],{},[46,162879,162881],{"className":48,"code":162880,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162882,162883,162913],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162884,162885,162887,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905,162907,162909,162911],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162886,21887],{"class":69},[55,162888,315],{"class":247},[55,162890,13036],{"class":251},[55,162892,315],{"class":247},[55,162894,77],{"class":69},[55,162896,20045],{"class":73},[55,162898,9395],{"class":69},[55,162900,9398],{"class":69},[55,162902,315],{"class":247},[55,162904,36081],{"class":251},[55,162906,315],{"class":247},[55,162908,77],{"class":69},[55,162910,13658],{"class":73},[55,162912,9411],{"class":69},[55,162914,162915],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,162916,38437],{"class":69},[20,162918,162919],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162921,162922,162923,44],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[36,162924,5297],{"href":5745},[142,162926,41187],{"id":41186},[20,162928,162929,162930,44],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162931,64444],{},[577,162933,162935],{"id":162934},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[46,162937,162939],{"className":48,"code":162938,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162940,162941,162973,162993,162997,163021],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162942,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955,162957,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162944,5155],{"class":61},[55,162946,66],{"class":65},[55,162948,70],{"class":69},[55,162950,248],{"class":247},[55,162952,13036],{"class":251},[55,162954,248],{"class":247},[55,162956,77],{"class":69},[55,162958,258],{"class":247},[55,162960,36081],{"class":251},[55,162962,248],{"class":247},[55,162964,77],{"class":69},[55,162966,258],{"class":247},[55,162968,36090],{"class":251},[55,162970,248],{"class":247},[55,162972,88],{"class":69},[55,162974,162975,162977,162979,162981,162983,162985,162987,162989,162991],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,162976,5224],{"class":61},[55,162978,66],{"class":65},[55,162980,70],{"class":69},[55,162982,13653],{"class":73},[55,162984,77],{"class":69},[55,162986,13658],{"class":73},[55,162988,77],{"class":69},[55,162990,29065],{"class":73},[55,162992,88],{"class":69},[55,162994,162995],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,162996,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,162998,162999,163001,163003,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,163000,6115],{"class":4040},[55,163002,36132],{"class":61},[55,163004,77],{"class":69},[55,163006,5266],{"class":61},[55,163008,4047],{"class":4040},[55,163010,161557],{"class":120},[55,163012,103],{"class":69},[55,163014,5199],{"class":99},[55,163016,77],{"class":69},[55,163018,5271],{"class":99},[55,163020,8502],{"class":69},[55,163022,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039,163041,163043,163045,163047],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,163024,8230],{"class":120},[55,163026,103],{"class":69},[55,163028,22441],{"class":2226},[55,163030,248],{"class":251},[55,163032,9440],{"class":73},[55,163034,7829],{"class":99},[55,163036,22450],{"class":73},[55,163038,22453],{"class":251},[55,163040,9440],{"class":73},[55,163042,85502],{"class":99},[55,163044,22450],{"class":73},[55,163046,248],{"class":251},[55,163048,114],{"class":69},[577,163050,163052],{"id":163051},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[46,163054,163056],{"className":48,"code":163055,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163057,163058,163090,163114,163118,163140],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163059,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163061,17392],{"class":61},[55,163063,66],{"class":65},[55,163065,70],{"class":69},[55,163067,248],{"class":247},[55,163069,12805],{"class":251},[55,163071,248],{"class":247},[55,163073,77],{"class":69},[55,163075,258],{"class":247},[55,163077,7829],{"class":251},[55,163079,248],{"class":247},[55,163081,77],{"class":69},[55,163083,258],{"class":247},[55,163085,15971],{"class":251},[55,163087,248],{"class":247},[55,163089,88],{"class":69},[55,163091,163092,163094,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106,163108,163110,163112],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,163093,3986],{"class":61},[55,163095,66],{"class":65},[55,163097,70],{"class":69},[55,163099,46735],{"class":73},[55,163101,77],{"class":69},[55,163103,258],{"class":247},[55,163105,13036],{"class":251},[55,163107,248],{"class":247},[55,163109,77],{"class":69},[55,163111,4079],{"class":1312},[55,163113,88],{"class":69},[55,163115,163116],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,163117,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,163119,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134,163136,163138],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,163121,9327],{"class":61},[55,163123,66],{"class":65},[55,163125,9332],{"class":1898},[55,163127,103],{"class":69},[55,163129,64514],{"class":120},[55,163131,103],{"class":69},[55,163133,17073],{"class":99},[55,163135,77],{"class":69},[55,163137,4050],{"class":99},[55,163139,1867],{"class":69},[55,163141,163142,163144,163146,163148],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,163143,121],{"class":120},[55,163145,103],{"class":69},[55,163147,9366],{"class":99},[55,163149,114],{"class":69},[577,163151,163153],{"id":163152},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[46,163155,163157],{"className":48,"code":163156,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163158,163159,163179,163199,163203,163228],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163160,163161,163163,163165,163167,163169,163171,163173,163175,163177],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163162,80640],{"class":61},[55,163164,66],{"class":65},[55,163166,70],{"class":69},[55,163168,800],{"class":73},[55,163170,77],{"class":69},[55,163172,7951],{"class":73},[55,163174,77],{"class":69},[55,163176,7956],{"class":73},[55,163178,88],{"class":69},[55,163180,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,163182,80661],{"class":61},[55,163184,66],{"class":65},[55,163186,70],{"class":69},[55,163188,800],{"class":73},[55,163190,77],{"class":69},[55,163192,9468],{"class":73},[55,163194,77],{"class":69},[55,163196,7956],{"class":73},[55,163198,88],{"class":69},[55,163200,163201],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,163202,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,163204,163205,163207,163209,163211,163214,163216,163218,163220,163222,163224,163226],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,163206,6115],{"class":4040},[55,163208,57013],{"class":61},[55,163210,77],{"class":69},[55,163212,163213],{"class":61}," b ",[55,163215,4047],{"class":4040},[55,163217,161557],{"class":120},[55,163219,103],{"class":69},[55,163221,111732],{"class":99},[55,163223,77],{"class":69},[55,163225,80704],{"class":99},[55,163227,8502],{"class":69},[55,163229,163230,163232,163234,163236,163238,163240],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,163231,8230],{"class":120},[55,163233,103],{"class":69},[55,163235,2715],{"class":99},[55,163237,4849],{"class":65},[55,163239,2720],{"class":99},[55,163241,114],{"class":69},[20,163243,302],{},[46,163245,163247],{"className":48,"code":163246,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163248,163249,163253,163257],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163250,163251],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163252,4143],{"class":1312},[55,163254,163255],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,163256,4204],{"class":1312},[55,163258,163259],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,163260,4143],{"class":1312},[577,163262,163264],{"id":163263},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[46,163266,163268],{"className":48,"code":163267,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163269,163270,163305,163328,163332,163359],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163271,163272,163275,163277,163279,163281,163283,163285,163287,163289,163292,163294,163296,163298,163301,163303],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163273,163274],{"class":61},"products ",[55,163276,66],{"class":65},[55,163278,70],{"class":69},[55,163280,248],{"class":247},[55,163282,25285],{"class":251},[55,163284,248],{"class":247},[55,163286,77],{"class":69},[55,163288,258],{"class":247},[55,163290,163291],{"class":251},"Pen",[55,163293,248],{"class":247},[55,163295,77],{"class":69},[55,163297,258],{"class":247},[55,163299,163300],{"class":251},"Bag",[55,163302,248],{"class":247},[55,163304,88],{"class":69},[55,163306,163307,163309,163311,163313,163316,163318,163321,163323,163326],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,163308,83030],{"class":61},[55,163310,66],{"class":65},[55,163312,70],{"class":69},[55,163314,163315],{"class":73},"12.5",[55,163317,77],{"class":69},[55,163319,163320],{"class":73}," 1.2",[55,163322,77],{"class":69},[55,163324,163325],{"class":73}," 25.0",[55,163327,88],{"class":69},[55,163329,163330],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,163331,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,163333,163334,163336,163338,163340,163343,163345,163347,163349,163352,163354,163357],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,163335,6115],{"class":4040},[55,163337,25346],{"class":61},[55,163339,77],{"class":69},[55,163341,163342],{"class":61}," price ",[55,163344,4047],{"class":4040},[55,163346,161557],{"class":120},[55,163348,103],{"class":69},[55,163350,163351],{"class":99},"products",[55,163353,77],{"class":69},[55,163355,163356],{"class":99}," prices",[55,163358,8502],{"class":69},[55,163360,163361,163363,163365,163367,163369,163371,163373,163375,163378,163380,163382,163384,163386],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,163362,8230],{"class":120},[55,163364,103],{"class":69},[55,163366,22441],{"class":2226},[55,163368,248],{"class":251},[55,163370,9440],{"class":73},[55,163372,27153],{"class":99},[55,163374,22450],{"class":73},[55,163376,163377],{"class":251}," costs $",[55,163379,9440],{"class":73},[55,163381,25294],{"class":99},[55,163383,22450],{"class":73},[55,163385,248],{"class":251},[55,163387,114],{"class":69},[20,163389,36740,163390,44],{},[36,163391,163393],{"href":163392},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[142,163395,163397,163398],{"id":163396},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163399,64444],{},[577,163401,1553,163403,163405],{"id":163402},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163404,64444],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163407,163408,163410],{},[15,163409,64444],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163412,163413],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[46,163415,163417],{"className":48,"code":163416,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163418,163419],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163420,163421,163423,163425,163427,163429,163431,163433,163435,163437,163439],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163422,121],{"class":120},[55,163424,103],{"class":69},[55,163426,1860],{"class":120},[55,163428,103],{"class":69},[55,163430,111732],{"class":99},[55,163432,9395],{"class":69},[55,163434,38526],{"class":120},[55,163436,103],{"class":69},[55,163438,80927],{"class":99},[55,163440,1867],{"class":69},[577,163442,163444],{"id":163443},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163446,68818],{},[46,163448,163450],{"className":48,"code":163449,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163451,163452,163488,163492,163505,163515,163519,163531],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163453,163454,163456,163458,163460,163462,163464,163466,163468,163470,163472,163474,163476,163478,163480,163482,163484,163486],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163455,9377],{"class":61},[55,163457,66],{"class":65},[55,163459,161557],{"class":120},[55,163461,3149],{"class":69},[55,163463,74],{"class":73},[55,163465,77],{"class":69},[55,163467,80],{"class":73},[55,163469,1813],{"class":69},[55,163471,70],{"class":69},[55,163473,248],{"class":247},[55,163475,36],{"class":251},[55,163477,248],{"class":247},[55,163479,77],{"class":69},[55,163481,258],{"class":247},[55,163483,285],{"class":251},[55,163485,248],{"class":247},[55,163487,1777],{"class":69},[55,163489,163490],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,163491,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,163493,163494,163496,163498,163500,163503],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,163495,6115],{"class":4040},[55,163497,6118],{"class":61},[55,163499,4047],{"class":4040},[55,163501,163502],{"class":61}," pairs",[55,163504,6552],{"class":69},[55,163506,163507,163509,163511,163513],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,163508,8230],{"class":120},[55,163510,103],{"class":69},[55,163512,220],{"class":99},[55,163514,114],{"class":69},[55,163516,163517],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,163518,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,163520,163521,163523,163525,163527,163529],{"class":57,"line":1093},[55,163522,6115],{"class":4040},[55,163524,6118],{"class":61},[55,163526,4047],{"class":4040},[55,163528,163502],{"class":61},[55,163530,6552],{"class":69},[55,163532,163533,163535,163537,163539],{"class":57,"line":1114},[55,163534,8230],{"class":120},[55,163536,103],{"class":69},[55,163538,220],{"class":99},[55,163540,114],{"class":69},[20,163542,163543],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[577,163545,163547],{"id":163546},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163549,163550],{},"This is correct:",[46,163552,163554],{"className":48,"code":163553,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163555,163556,163580,163596,163600,163624],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163557,163558,163560,163562,163564,163566,163568,163570,163572,163574,163576,163578],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163559,5155],{"class":61},[55,163561,66],{"class":65},[55,163563,70],{"class":69},[55,163565,248],{"class":247},[55,163567,13036],{"class":251},[55,163569,248],{"class":247},[55,163571,77],{"class":69},[55,163573,258],{"class":247},[55,163575,36081],{"class":251},[55,163577,248],{"class":247},[55,163579,88],{"class":69},[55,163581,163582,163584,163586,163588,163590,163592,163594],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,163583,5224],{"class":61},[55,163585,66],{"class":65},[55,163587,70],{"class":69},[55,163589,13653],{"class":73},[55,163591,77],{"class":69},[55,163593,13658],{"class":73},[55,163595,88],{"class":69},[55,163597,163598],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,163599,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,163601,163602,163604,163606,163608,163610,163612,163614,163616,163618,163620,163622],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,163603,6115],{"class":4040},[55,163605,36132],{"class":61},[55,163607,77],{"class":69},[55,163609,5266],{"class":61},[55,163611,4047],{"class":4040},[55,163613,161557],{"class":120},[55,163615,103],{"class":69},[55,163617,5199],{"class":99},[55,163619,77],{"class":69},[55,163621,5271],{"class":99},[55,163623,8502],{"class":69},[55,163625,163626,163628,163630,163632,163634,163636],{"class":57,"line":456},[55,163627,8230],{"class":120},[55,163629,103],{"class":69},[55,163631,7829],{"class":99},[55,163633,77],{"class":69},[55,163635,130845],{"class":99},[55,163637,114],{"class":69},[20,163639,163640],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[46,163642,163644],{"className":48,"code":163643,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163645,163646,163666],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163647,163648,163650,163652,163654,163656,163658,163660,163662,163664],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163649,6115],{"class":4040},[55,163651,6118],{"class":61},[55,163653,4047],{"class":4040},[55,163655,161557],{"class":120},[55,163657,103],{"class":69},[55,163659,5199],{"class":99},[55,163661,77],{"class":69},[55,163663,5271],{"class":99},[55,163665,8502],{"class":69},[55,163667,163668,163670,163672,163674],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,163669,8230],{"class":120},[55,163671,103],{"class":69},[55,163673,220],{"class":99},[55,163675,114],{"class":69},[20,163677,302],{},[46,163679,163681],{"className":48,"code":163680,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163682,163683,163699],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163684,163685,163687,163689,163691,163693,163695,163697],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163686,103],{"class":69},[55,163688,315],{"class":247},[55,163690,13036],{"class":251},[55,163692,315],{"class":247},[55,163694,77],{"class":69},[55,163696,20045],{"class":73},[55,163698,114],{"class":69},[55,163700,163701,163703,163705,163707,163709,163711,163713],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,163702,103],{"class":69},[55,163704,315],{"class":247},[55,163706,36081],{"class":251},[55,163708,315],{"class":247},[55,163710,77],{"class":69},[55,163712,13658],{"class":73},[55,163714,114],{"class":69},[20,163716,163717],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[577,163719,8578,163721,163723,163724],{"id":163720},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163722,64444],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163725,35891],{},[20,163727,31,163728,163730],{},[15,163729,64444],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163732,31,163733,163735],{},[15,163734,35891],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[46,163737,163738],{"className":48,"code":36058,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,163739,163740,163772,163776,163796],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163741,163742,163744,163746,163748,163750,163752,163754,163756,163758,163760,163762,163764,163766,163768,163770],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163743,5155],{"class":61},[55,163745,66],{"class":65},[55,163747,70],{"class":69},[55,163749,248],{"class":247},[55,163751,13036],{"class":251},[55,163753,248],{"class":247},[55,163755,77],{"class":69},[55,163757,258],{"class":247},[55,163759,36081],{"class":251},[55,163761,248],{"class":247},[55,163763,77],{"class":69},[55,163765,258],{"class":247},[55,163767,36090],{"class":251},[55,163769,248],{"class":247},[55,163771,88],{"class":69},[55,163773,163774],{"class":57,"line":91},[55,163775,429],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":428},[55,163777,163778,163780,163782,163784,163786,163788,163790,163792,163794],{"class":57,"line":117},[55,163779,6115],{"class":4040},[55,163781,1451],{"class":61},[55,163783,77],{"class":69},[55,163785,36109],{"class":61},[55,163787,4047],{"class":4040},[55,163789,35972],{"class":120},[55,163791,103],{"class":69},[55,163793,5199],{"class":99},[55,163795,8502],{"class":69},[55,163797,163798,163800,163802,163804,163806,163808],{"class":57,"line":130},[55,163799,8230],{"class":120},[55,163801,103],{"class":69},[55,163803,201],{"class":99},[55,163805,77],{"class":69},[55,163807,36132],{"class":99},[55,163809,114],{"class":69},[20,163811,163812,163813,44],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[36,163814,3740,163815,3673],{"href":92005},[15,163816,35891],{},[142,163818,1986],{"id":1985},[577,163820,5303,163822,5306],{"id":163821},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163823,64444],{},[20,163825,163826],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[577,163828,1990,163830,163832],{"id":163829},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163831,64444],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163834,163835],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[577,163837,163839,163840,2027],{"id":163838},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163841,64444],{},[20,163843,163844,163845,44],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163846,162452],{},[577,163848,163850,163851,2027],{"id":163849},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163852,64444],{},[20,163854,128210,163855,163857],{},[15,163856,162605],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[577,163859,163861],{"id":163860},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163863,163864],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[142,163866,2039],{"id":2038},[155,163868,163869,163874,163880,163884,163888],{},[158,163870,163871],{},[36,163872,163873],{"href":163392},"How to use zip in Python",[158,163875,163876],{},[36,163877,3740,163878,3673],{"href":92005},[15,163879,35891],{},[158,163881,163882],{},[36,163883,5376],{"href":5745},[158,163885,163886],{},[36,163887,69671],{"href":69594},[158,163889,163890],{},[36,163891,32404],{"href":31230},[2080,163893,163894],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":163896},[163897,163898,163900,163901,163902,163903,163911,163917,163926,163937],{"id":2164,"depth":91,"text":2165},{"id":161616,"depth":91,"text":163899},"What zip() does",{"id":2318,"depth":91,"text":2319},{"id":162009,"depth":91,"text":162010},{"id":162186,"depth":91,"text":162187},{"id":162438,"depth":91,"text":163904,"children":163905},"Converting zip() output",[163906,163908,163910],{"id":162449,"depth":117,"text":163907},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162602,"depth":117,"text":163909},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162772,"depth":117,"text":162773},{"id":41186,"depth":91,"text":41187,"children":163912},[163913,163914,163915,163916],{"id":162934,"depth":117,"text":162935},{"id":163051,"depth":117,"text":163052},{"id":163152,"depth":117,"text":163153},{"id":163263,"depth":117,"text":163264},{"id":163396,"depth":91,"text":163918,"children":163919},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163920,163922,163923,163924],{"id":163402,"depth":117,"text":163921},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163443,"depth":117,"text":163444},{"id":163546,"depth":117,"text":163547},{"id":163720,"depth":117,"text":163925},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1985,"depth":91,"text":1986,"children":163927},[163928,163930,163932,163934,163936],{"id":163821,"depth":117,"text":163929},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163829,"depth":117,"text":163931},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163838,"depth":117,"text":163933},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163849,"depth":117,"text":163935},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163860,"depth":117,"text":163861},{"id":2038,"depth":91,"text":2039},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161458,"description":163938},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945111278]