[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163561},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len":3,"nav-reference":1752},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1745,"extension":1746,"meta":1747,"navigation":360,"path":1748,"seo":1749,"stem":1750,"__hash__":1751},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1718},"minimark",[9,19,30,109,112,121,128,133,155,162,168,171,174,193,196,257,259,267,278,290,294,300,373,375,383,386,407,410,461,465,470,500,502,511,514,595,597,617,625,629,638,641,706,708,716,719,722,771,773,781,787,791,802,805,808,848,851,890,895,899,901,936,939,941,979,983,989,991,1046,1048,1056,1064,1067,1091,1094,1150,1163,1166,1229,1231,1240,1247,1253,1256,1259,1318,1321,1335,1342,1349,1355,1358,1372,1375,1474,1476,1496,1499,1590,1592,1618,1625,1633,1637,1641,1647,1655,1661,1665,1668,1675,1684,1688,1714],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,16,17],"code",{},"len",")",[20,21,22,23,26,27,29],"p",{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,24,25],{},"len()",". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,28,25],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[31,32,37],"pre",{"className":33,"code":34,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n","python","",[15,38,39,74,96],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41,44,48,52,56,60,63,66,68,71],"span",{"class":42,"line":43},"line",1,[40,45,47],{"class":46},"su5hD","numbers ",[40,49,51],{"class":50},"smGrS","=",[40,53,55],{"class":54},"sP7_E"," [",[40,57,59],{"class":58},"srdBf","10",[40,61,62],{"class":54},",",[40,64,65],{"class":58}," 20",[40,67,62],{"class":54},[40,69,70],{"class":58}," 30",[40,72,73],{"class":54},"]\n",[40,75,77,80,82,86,89,93],{"class":42,"line":76},2,[40,78,79],{"class":46},"count ",[40,81,51],{"class":50},[40,83,85],{"class":84},"sptTA"," len",[40,87,88],{"class":54},"(",[40,90,92],{"class":91},"slqww","numbers",[40,94,95],{"class":54},")\n",[40,97,99,102,104,107],{"class":42,"line":98},3,[40,100,101],{"class":84},"print",[40,103,88],{"class":54},[40,105,106],{"class":91},"count",[40,108,95],{"class":54},[20,110,111],{},"Output:",[31,113,115],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3\n",[15,116,117],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118,119],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120,114],{"class":58},[20,122,123,124,127],{},"Use ",[15,125,126],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[129,130,132],"h2",{"id":131},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[134,135,136,143,149,152],"ul",{},[137,138,139,140,142],"li",{},"How ",[15,141,25],{}," works with Python lists",[137,144,145,146,148],{},"What value ",[15,147,25],{}," returns",[137,150,151],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[137,153,154],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[129,156,158,159,161],{"id":157},"what-len-returns-for-a-list","What ",[15,160,25],{}," returns for a list",[20,163,164,167],{},[15,165,166],{},"len(my_list)"," returns an integer.",[20,169,170],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,172,173],{},"A few important points:",[134,175,176,179,187],{},[137,177,178],{},"It counts list items",[137,180,181,182,186],{},"It does ",[183,184,185],"strong",{},"not"," count characters inside a string item",[137,188,189,190],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,191,192],{},"0",[20,194,195],{},"Example:",[31,197,199],{"className":33,"code":198,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,200,201,241],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,202,203,206,208,210,214,218,220,222,225,228,230,232,234,237,239],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,204,205],{"class":46},"words ",[40,207,51],{"class":50},[40,209,55],{"class":54},[40,211,213],{"class":212},"sjJ54","\"",[40,215,217],{"class":216},"s_sjI","cat",[40,219,213],{"class":212},[40,221,62],{"class":54},[40,223,224],{"class":212}," \"",[40,226,227],{"class":216},"elephant",[40,229,213],{"class":212},[40,231,62],{"class":54},[40,233,224],{"class":212},[40,235,236],{"class":216},"dog",[40,238,213],{"class":212},[40,240,73],{"class":54},[40,242,243,245,247,249,251,254],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,244,101],{"class":84},[40,246,88],{"class":54},[40,248,17],{"class":84},[40,250,88],{"class":54},[40,252,253],{"class":91},"words",[40,255,256],{"class":54},"))\n",[20,258,111],{},[31,260,261],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,262,263],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,264,265],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,266,114],{"class":58},[20,268,269,270,273,274,277],{},"Even though ",[15,271,272],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[183,275,276],{},"one item"," in the list.",[20,279,280,281,289],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[282,283,285,286,288],"a",{"href":284},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F","Python ",[15,287,25],{}," function explained",".",[129,291,293],{"id":292},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,295,296,297,299],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,298,25],{},", and print the result.",[31,301,303],{"className":33,"code":302,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,304,305,341,356,362],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,306,307,310,312,314,316,319,321,323,325,328,330,332,334,337,339],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,308,309],{"class":46},"colors ",[40,311,51],{"class":50},[40,313,55],{"class":54},[40,315,213],{"class":212},[40,317,318],{"class":216},"red",[40,320,213],{"class":212},[40,322,62],{"class":54},[40,324,224],{"class":212},[40,326,327],{"class":216},"green",[40,329,213],{"class":212},[40,331,62],{"class":54},[40,333,224],{"class":212},[40,335,336],{"class":216},"blue",[40,338,213],{"class":212},[40,340,73],{"class":54},[40,342,343,345,347,349,351,354],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,344,79],{"class":46},[40,346,51],{"class":50},[40,348,85],{"class":84},[40,350,88],{"class":54},[40,352,353],{"class":91},"colors",[40,355,95],{"class":54},[40,357,358],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,359,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},true,"\n",[40,363,365,367,369,371],{"class":42,"line":364},4,[40,366,101],{"class":84},[40,368,88],{"class":54},[40,370,106],{"class":91},[40,372,95],{"class":54},[20,374,111],{},[31,376,377],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,378,379],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,380,381],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,382,114],{"class":58},[20,384,385],{},"What happens here:",[134,387,388,393,402],{},[137,389,390,392],{},[15,391,353],{}," is a list with 3 items",[137,394,395,398,399],{},[15,396,397],{},"len(colors)"," returns ",[15,400,401],{},"3",[137,403,404,405],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,406,106],{},[20,408,409],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[31,411,413],{"className":33,"code":412,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,414,415,447],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,416,417,419,421,423,425,427,429,431,433,435,437,439,441,443,445],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,418,309],{"class":46},[40,420,51],{"class":50},[40,422,55],{"class":54},[40,424,213],{"class":212},[40,426,318],{"class":216},[40,428,213],{"class":212},[40,430,62],{"class":54},[40,432,224],{"class":212},[40,434,327],{"class":216},[40,436,213],{"class":212},[40,438,62],{"class":54},[40,440,224],{"class":212},[40,442,336],{"class":216},[40,444,213],{"class":212},[40,446,73],{"class":54},[40,448,449,451,453,455,457,459],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,450,101],{"class":84},[40,452,88],{"class":54},[40,454,17],{"class":84},[40,456,88],{"class":54},[40,458,353],{"class":91},[40,460,256],{"class":54},[129,462,464],{"id":463},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,466,467,468,289],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,469,192],{},[31,471,473],{"className":33,"code":472,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,474,475,485],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,476,477,480,482],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,478,479],{"class":46},"items ",[40,481,51],{"class":50},[40,483,484],{"class":54}," []\n",[40,486,487,489,491,493,495,498],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,488,101],{"class":84},[40,490,88],{"class":54},[40,492,17],{"class":84},[40,494,88],{"class":54},[40,496,497],{"class":91},"items",[40,499,256],{"class":54},[20,501,111],{},[31,503,505],{"className":33,"code":504,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"0\n",[15,506,507],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,508,509],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,510,504],{"class":58},[20,512,513],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[31,515,517],{"className":33,"code":516,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,518,519,527,531,554,571,579],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,520,521,523,525],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,522,479],{"class":46},[40,524,51],{"class":50},[40,526,484],{"class":54},[40,528,529],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,530,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,532,533,537,539,541,543,545,548,551],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,534,536],{"class":535},"sVHd0","if",[40,538,85],{"class":84},[40,540,88],{"class":54},[40,542,497],{"class":91},[40,544,18],{"class":54},[40,546,547],{"class":50}," >",[40,549,550],{"class":58}," 0",[40,552,553],{"class":54},":\n",[40,555,556,559,561,563,566,568],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,557,558],{"class":84},"    print",[40,560,88],{"class":54},[40,562,497],{"class":91},[40,564,565],{"class":54},"[",[40,567,192],{"class":58},[40,569,570],{"class":54},"])\n",[40,572,574,577],{"class":42,"line":573},5,[40,575,576],{"class":535},"else",[40,578,553],{"class":54},[40,580,582,584,586,588,591,593],{"class":42,"line":581},6,[40,583,558],{"class":84},[40,585,88],{"class":54},[40,587,213],{"class":212},[40,589,590],{"class":216},"The list is empty",[40,592,213],{"class":212},[40,594,95],{"class":54},[20,596,111],{},[31,598,600],{"className":33,"code":599,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"The list is empty\n",[15,601,602],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,603,604,607,611,614],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,605,606],{"class":46},"The ",[40,608,610],{"class":609},"sZMiF","list",[40,612,613],{"class":50}," is",[40,615,616],{"class":46}," empty\n",[20,618,619,620,624],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[282,621,623],{"href":622},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained for beginners"," is a good next step.",[129,626,628],{"id":627},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,630,631,633,634,637],{},[15,632,25],{}," counts only the ",[183,635,636],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,639,640],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[31,642,644],{"className":33,"code":643,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,645,646,691],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,647,648,651,653,656,659,661,664,667,669,671,673,676,678,680,683,685,688],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,649,650],{"class":46},"data ",[40,652,51],{"class":50},[40,654,655],{"class":54}," [[",[40,657,658],{"class":58},"1",[40,660,62],{"class":54},[40,662,663],{"class":58}," 2",[40,665,666],{"class":54},"],",[40,668,55],{"class":54},[40,670,401],{"class":58},[40,672,62],{"class":54},[40,674,675],{"class":58}," 4",[40,677,666],{"class":54},[40,679,55],{"class":54},[40,681,682],{"class":58},"5",[40,684,62],{"class":54},[40,686,687],{"class":58}," 6",[40,689,690],{"class":54},"]]\n",[40,692,693,695,697,699,701,704],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,694,101],{"class":84},[40,696,88],{"class":54},[40,698,17],{"class":84},[40,700,88],{"class":54},[40,702,703],{"class":91},"data",[40,705,256],{"class":54},[20,707,111],{},[31,709,710],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,711,712],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,713,714],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,715,114],{"class":58},[20,717,718],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,720,721],{},"Another example:",[31,723,725],{"className":33,"code":724,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,726,727,756],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,728,729,732,734,736,738,740,742,745,747,750,752,754],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,730,731],{"class":46},"mixed ",[40,733,51],{"class":50},[40,735,55],{"class":54},[40,737,658],{"class":58},[40,739,62],{"class":54},[40,741,55],{"class":54},[40,743,744],{"class":58},"2",[40,746,62],{"class":54},[40,748,749],{"class":58}," 3",[40,751,666],{"class":54},[40,753,675],{"class":58},[40,755,73],{"class":54},[40,757,758,760,762,764,766,769],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,759,101],{"class":84},[40,761,88],{"class":54},[40,763,17],{"class":84},[40,765,88],{"class":54},[40,767,768],{"class":91},"mixed",[40,770,256],{"class":54},[20,772,111],{},[31,774,775],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,776,777],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,778,779],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,780,114],{"class":58},[20,782,269,783,786],{},[15,784,785],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[129,788,790],{"id":789},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[792,793,795,796,799,800],"h3",{"id":794},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list","Using ",[15,797,798],{},"my_list.len()"," instead of ",[15,801,166],{},[20,803,804],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,806,807],{},"Wrong:",[31,809,811],{"className":33,"code":810,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,812,813,833],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,814,815,817,819,821,823,825,827,829,831],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,816,47],{"class":46},[40,818,51],{"class":50},[40,820,55],{"class":54},[40,822,59],{"class":58},[40,824,62],{"class":54},[40,826,65],{"class":58},[40,828,62],{"class":54},[40,830,70],{"class":58},[40,832,73],{"class":54},[40,834,835,837,839,841,843,845],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,836,101],{"class":84},[40,838,88],{"class":54},[40,840,92],{"class":91},[40,842,289],{"class":54},[40,844,17],{"class":91},[40,846,847],{"class":54},"())\n",[20,849,850],{},"Correct:",[31,852,854],{"className":33,"code":853,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,855,856,876],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,857,858,860,862,864,866,868,870,872,874],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,859,47],{"class":46},[40,861,51],{"class":50},[40,863,55],{"class":54},[40,865,59],{"class":58},[40,867,62],{"class":54},[40,869,65],{"class":58},[40,871,62],{"class":54},[40,873,70],{"class":58},[40,875,73],{"class":54},[40,877,878,880,882,884,886,888],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,879,101],{"class":84},[40,881,88],{"class":54},[40,883,17],{"class":84},[40,885,88],{"class":54},[40,887,92],{"class":91},[40,889,256],{"class":54},[20,891,892,894],{},[15,893,25],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[792,896,898],{"id":897},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,900,807],{},[31,902,904],{"className":33,"code":903,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,905,906,926],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,907,908,910,912,914,916,918,920,922,924],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,909,47],{"class":46},[40,911,51],{"class":50},[40,913,55],{"class":54},[40,915,59],{"class":58},[40,917,62],{"class":54},[40,919,65],{"class":58},[40,921,62],{"class":54},[40,923,70],{"class":58},[40,925,73],{"class":54},[40,927,928,930,932,934],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,929,101],{"class":84},[40,931,88],{"class":54},[40,933,17],{"class":84},[40,935,95],{"class":54},[20,937,938],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,940,850],{},[31,942,943],{"className":33,"code":853,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,944,945,965],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,946,947,949,951,953,955,957,959,961,963],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,948,47],{"class":46},[40,950,51],{"class":50},[40,952,55],{"class":54},[40,954,59],{"class":58},[40,956,62],{"class":54},[40,958,65],{"class":58},[40,960,62],{"class":54},[40,962,70],{"class":58},[40,964,73],{"class":54},[40,966,967,969,971,973,975,977],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,968,101],{"class":84},[40,970,88],{"class":54},[40,972,17],{"class":84},[40,974,88],{"class":54},[40,976,92],{"class":91},[40,978,256],{"class":54},[792,980,982],{"id":981},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,984,985,986,988],{},"The length of a list is ",[183,987,185],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,990,195],{},[31,992,994],{"className":33,"code":993,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,995,996,1031],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,997,998,1001,1003,1005,1007,1009,1011,1013,1015,1018,1020,1022,1024,1027,1029],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,999,1000],{"class":46},"letters ",[40,1002,51],{"class":50},[40,1004,55],{"class":54},[40,1006,213],{"class":212},[40,1008,282],{"class":216},[40,1010,213],{"class":212},[40,1012,62],{"class":54},[40,1014,224],{"class":212},[40,1016,1017],{"class":216},"b",[40,1019,213],{"class":212},[40,1021,62],{"class":54},[40,1023,224],{"class":212},[40,1025,1026],{"class":216},"c",[40,1028,213],{"class":212},[40,1030,73],{"class":54},[40,1032,1033,1035,1037,1039,1041,1044],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,1034,101],{"class":84},[40,1036,88],{"class":54},[40,1038,17],{"class":84},[40,1040,88],{"class":54},[40,1042,1043],{"class":91},"letters",[40,1045,256],{"class":54},[20,1047,111],{},[31,1049,1050],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,1051,1052],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1053,1054],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1055,114],{"class":58},[20,1057,1058,1059,1061,1062,289],{},"But the last index is ",[15,1060,744],{},", not ",[15,1063,401],{},[20,1065,1066],{},"Indexes are:",[134,1068,1069,1077,1084],{},[137,1070,1071,1073,1074],{},[15,1072,192],{}," for ",[15,1075,1076],{},"\"a\"",[137,1078,1079,1073,1081],{},[15,1080,658],{},[15,1082,1083],{},"\"b\"",[137,1085,1086,1073,1088],{},[15,1087,744],{},[15,1089,1090],{},"\"c\"",[20,1092,1093],{},"So this causes an error:",[31,1095,1097],{"className":33,"code":1096,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,1098,1099,1131],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1100,1101,1103,1105,1107,1109,1111,1113,1115,1117,1119,1121,1123,1125,1127,1129],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1102,1000],{"class":46},[40,1104,51],{"class":50},[40,1106,55],{"class":54},[40,1108,213],{"class":212},[40,1110,282],{"class":216},[40,1112,213],{"class":212},[40,1114,62],{"class":54},[40,1116,224],{"class":212},[40,1118,1017],{"class":216},[40,1120,213],{"class":212},[40,1122,62],{"class":54},[40,1124,224],{"class":212},[40,1126,1026],{"class":216},[40,1128,213],{"class":212},[40,1130,73],{"class":54},[40,1132,1133,1135,1137,1139,1141,1143,1145,1147],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,1134,101],{"class":84},[40,1136,88],{"class":54},[40,1138,1043],{"class":91},[40,1140,565],{"class":54},[40,1142,17],{"class":84},[40,1144,88],{"class":54},[40,1146,1043],{"class":91},[40,1148,1149],{"class":54},")])\n",[20,1151,1152,1153,1156,1157,1159,1160,1162],{},"Why? Because ",[15,1154,1155],{},"len(letters)"," is ",[15,1158,401],{},", and index ",[15,1161,401],{}," does not exist.",[20,1164,1165],{},"Use this instead:",[31,1167,1169],{"className":33,"code":1168,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,1170,1171,1203],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1172,1173,1175,1177,1179,1181,1183,1185,1187,1189,1191,1193,1195,1197,1199,1201],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1174,1000],{"class":46},[40,1176,51],{"class":50},[40,1178,55],{"class":54},[40,1180,213],{"class":212},[40,1182,282],{"class":216},[40,1184,213],{"class":212},[40,1186,62],{"class":54},[40,1188,224],{"class":212},[40,1190,1017],{"class":216},[40,1192,213],{"class":212},[40,1194,62],{"class":54},[40,1196,224],{"class":212},[40,1198,1026],{"class":216},[40,1200,213],{"class":212},[40,1202,73],{"class":54},[40,1204,1205,1207,1209,1211,1213,1215,1217,1219,1221,1224,1227],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,1206,101],{"class":84},[40,1208,88],{"class":54},[40,1210,1043],{"class":91},[40,1212,565],{"class":54},[40,1214,17],{"class":84},[40,1216,88],{"class":54},[40,1218,1043],{"class":91},[40,1220,18],{"class":54},[40,1222,1223],{"class":50}," -",[40,1225,1226],{"class":58}," 1",[40,1228,570],{"class":54},[20,1230,111],{},[31,1232,1234],{"className":33,"code":1233,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"c\n",[15,1235,1236],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1237,1238],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1239,1233],{"class":46},[20,1241,1242,1243,289],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[282,1244,1246],{"href":1245},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[792,1248,795,1250,1252],{"id":1249},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,1251,25],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,1254,1255],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,1257,1258],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[31,1260,1262],{"className":33,"code":1261,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,1263,1264,1275,1289,1304],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1265,1266,1268,1270,1273],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1267,101],{"class":84},[40,1269,88],{"class":54},[40,1271,1272],{"class":91},"my_list",[40,1274,95],{"class":54},[40,1276,1277,1279,1281,1283,1285,1287],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,1278,101],{"class":84},[40,1280,88],{"class":54},[40,1282,17],{"class":84},[40,1284,88],{"class":54},[40,1286,1272],{"class":91},[40,1288,256],{"class":54},[40,1290,1291,1293,1295,1298,1300,1302],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,1292,101],{"class":84},[40,1294,88],{"class":54},[40,1296,1297],{"class":609},"type",[40,1299,88],{"class":54},[40,1301,1272],{"class":91},[40,1303,256],{"class":54},[40,1305,1306,1308,1310,1312,1314,1316],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,1307,101],{"class":84},[40,1309,88],{"class":54},[40,1311,1272],{"class":91},[40,1313,565],{"class":54},[40,1315,192],{"class":58},[40,1317,570],{"class":54},[20,1319,1320],{},"These help you verify:",[134,1322,1323,1326,1329,1332],{},[137,1324,1325],{},"what the variable contains",[137,1327,1328],{},"how many items it has",[137,1330,1331],{},"whether it is really a list",[137,1333,1334],{},"what the first item is",[20,1336,1337,1338,1341],{},"Be careful with ",[15,1339,1340],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[129,1343,1345,1346,1348],{"id":1344},"when-to-use-len-with-lists","When to use ",[15,1347,25],{}," with lists",[20,1350,1351,1352,1354],{},"You will often use ",[15,1353,25],{}," in real programs.",[20,1356,1357],{},"Common uses include:",[134,1359,1360,1363,1366,1369],{},[137,1361,1362],{},"Check if a list is empty",[137,1364,1365],{},"Control loops",[137,1367,1368],{},"Validate input or results",[137,1370,1371],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,1373,1374],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[31,1376,1378],{"className":33,"code":1377,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,1379,1380,1401,1418,1422,1436,1450],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1381,1382,1385,1387,1389,1391,1393,1395,1397,1399],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1383,1384],{"class":46},"a ",[40,1386,51],{"class":50},[40,1388,55],{"class":54},[40,1390,658],{"class":58},[40,1392,62],{"class":54},[40,1394,663],{"class":58},[40,1396,62],{"class":54},[40,1398,749],{"class":58},[40,1400,73],{"class":54},[40,1402,1403,1406,1408,1410,1412,1414,1416],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,1404,1405],{"class":46},"b ",[40,1407,51],{"class":50},[40,1409,55],{"class":54},[40,1411,59],{"class":58},[40,1413,62],{"class":54},[40,1415,65],{"class":58},[40,1417,73],{"class":54},[40,1419,1420],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,1421,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,1423,1424,1426,1428,1430,1432,1434],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,1425,101],{"class":84},[40,1427,88],{"class":54},[40,1429,17],{"class":84},[40,1431,88],{"class":54},[40,1433,282],{"class":91},[40,1435,256],{"class":54},[40,1437,1438,1440,1442,1444,1446,1448],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,1439,101],{"class":84},[40,1441,88],{"class":54},[40,1443,17],{"class":84},[40,1445,88],{"class":54},[40,1447,1017],{"class":91},[40,1449,256],{"class":54},[40,1451,1452,1454,1456,1458,1460,1462,1464,1466,1468,1470,1472],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,1453,101],{"class":84},[40,1455,88],{"class":54},[40,1457,17],{"class":84},[40,1459,88],{"class":54},[40,1461,282],{"class":91},[40,1463,18],{"class":54},[40,1465,547],{"class":50},[40,1467,85],{"class":84},[40,1469,88],{"class":54},[40,1471,1017],{"class":91},[40,1473,256],{"class":54},[20,1475,111],{},[31,1477,1479],{"className":33,"code":1478,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,1480,1481,1485,1490],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1482,1483],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1484,114],{"class":58},[40,1486,1487],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,1488,1489],{"class":58},"2\n",[40,1491,1492],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,1493,1495],{"class":1494},"s39Yj","True\n",[20,1497,1498],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[31,1500,1502],{"className":33,"code":1501,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,1503,1504,1540,1544,1570],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1505,1506,1509,1511,1513,1515,1518,1520,1522,1524,1527,1529,1531,1533,1536,1538],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1507,1508],{"class":46},"names ",[40,1510,51],{"class":50},[40,1512,55],{"class":54},[40,1514,213],{"class":212},[40,1516,1517],{"class":216},"Ana",[40,1519,213],{"class":212},[40,1521,62],{"class":54},[40,1523,224],{"class":212},[40,1525,1526],{"class":216},"Ben",[40,1528,213],{"class":212},[40,1530,62],{"class":54},[40,1532,224],{"class":212},[40,1534,1535],{"class":216},"Cara",[40,1537,213],{"class":212},[40,1539,73],{"class":54},[40,1541,1542],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,1543,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,1545,1546,1549,1552,1555,1558,1560,1562,1564,1567],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,1547,1548],{"class":535},"for",[40,1550,1551],{"class":46}," i ",[40,1553,1554],{"class":535},"in",[40,1556,1557],{"class":84}," range",[40,1559,88],{"class":54},[40,1561,17],{"class":84},[40,1563,88],{"class":54},[40,1565,1566],{"class":91},"names",[40,1568,1569],{"class":54},")):\n",[40,1571,1572,1574,1576,1579,1581,1584,1586,1588],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,1573,558],{"class":84},[40,1575,88],{"class":54},[40,1577,1578],{"class":91},"i",[40,1580,62],{"class":54},[40,1582,1583],{"class":91}," names",[40,1585,565],{"class":54},[40,1587,1578],{"class":91},[40,1589,570],{"class":54},[20,1591,111],{},[31,1593,1595],{"className":33,"code":1594,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,1596,1597,1604,1611],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1598,1599,1601],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1600,192],{"class":58},[40,1602,1603],{"class":46}," Ana\n",[40,1605,1606,1608],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,1607,658],{"class":58},[40,1609,1610],{"class":46}," Ben\n",[40,1612,1613,1615],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,1614,744],{"class":58},[40,1616,1617],{"class":46}," Cara\n",[20,1619,1620,1621,289],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[282,1622,1624],{"href":1623},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,1626,1627,1628,1632],{},"You can also read ",[282,1629,1631],{"href":1630},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python"," for a task-focused guide.",[129,1634,1636],{"id":1635},"faq","FAQ",[792,1638,1640],{"id":1639},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,1642,123,1643,1646],{},[15,1644,1645],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[792,1648,1650,1651,1654],{"id":1649},"what-does-len-return","What does ",[15,1652,1653],{},"len([])"," return?",[20,1656,1657,1658,1660],{},"It returns ",[15,1659,192],{}," because the list is empty.",[792,1662,1664],{"id":1663},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,1666,1667],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[792,1669,1671,1672,1674],{"id":1670},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python","Can I use ",[15,1673,798],{}," in Python?",[20,1676,1677,1678,1680,1681,1683],{},"No. Use ",[15,1679,166],{},", because ",[15,1682,25],{}," is a built-in function.",[129,1685,1687],{"id":1686},"see-also","See also",[134,1689,1690,1696,1701,1705,1709],{},[137,1691,1692],{},[282,1693,285,1694,288],{"href":284},[15,1695,25],{},[137,1697,1698],{},[282,1699,1700],{"href":1630},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[137,1702,1703],{},[282,1704,623],{"href":622},[137,1706,1707],{},[282,1708,1246],{"href":1245},[137,1710,1711],{},[282,1712,1713],{"href":1623},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1715,1716,1717],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":1719},[1720,1721,1723,1724,1725,1726,1734,1736,1744],{"id":131,"depth":76,"text":132},{"id":157,"depth":76,"text":1722},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":292,"depth":76,"text":293},{"id":463,"depth":76,"text":464},{"id":627,"depth":76,"text":628},{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":1727},[1728,1730,1731,1732],{"id":794,"depth":98,"text":1729},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":897,"depth":98,"text":898},{"id":981,"depth":98,"text":982},{"id":1249,"depth":98,"text":1733},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":1344,"depth":76,"text":1735},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":1737},[1738,1739,1741,1742],{"id":1639,"depth":98,"text":1640},{"id":1649,"depth":98,"text":1740},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":1663,"depth":98,"text":1664},{"id":1670,"depth":98,"text":1743},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",{"title":5,"description":1745},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",[1753,3355,5055,6751,8881,11079,12597,14771,16973,19427,21265,23831,25928,28208,30155,32066,34063,35503,37322,39844,42003,43230,44601,46249,48568,50412,52387,54077,55330,57023,58772,60741,62491,64591,65948,67898,69324,71315,73110,75010,77452,79530,82170,84199,86162,88350,90354,92667,94349,95794,96988,98166,100006,102446,104150,106165,107689,108934,110097,111479,113550,115447,117221,119087,121206,122946,124408,126002,127925,129602,131537,133026,135810,137387,138946,140974,142926,144389,145578,147464,148875,150571,152125,153547,154950,156848,159242,161073],{"id":1754,"title":1755,"body":1756,"description":3349,"extension":1746,"meta":3350,"navigation":360,"path":3351,"seo":3352,"stem":3353,"__hash__":3354},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1757,"toc":3321},[1758,1761,1767,1770,1781,1784,1788,1852,1854,1874,1879,1883,1888,1891,1906,1909,1934,1937,1941,1944,1960,1963,1990,1992,2051,2053,2068,2078,2089,2093,2096,2149,2151,2171,2174,2197,2204,2208,2213,2219,2221,2258,2260,2269,2276,2294,2297,2309,2313,2318,2322,2325,2345,2347,2404,2406,2414,2417,2421,2453,2455,2463,2466,2470,2475,2523,2525,2533,2537,2597,2599,2607,2610,2614,2618,2621,2644,2653,2670,2721,2723,2738,2749,2753,2756,2785,2792,2796,2801,2842,2844,2855,2858,2901,2903,2911,2915,2920,2942,2944,2953,2962,2966,2971,2993,2995,3065,3067,3119,3122,3125,3128,3208,3210,3241,3243,3247,3250,3254,3257,3261,3264,3268,3280,3284,3287,3289,3318],[10,1759,1755],{"id":1760},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1762,606,1763,1766],{},[15,1764,1765],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1768,1769],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[134,1771,1772,1775,1778],{},[137,1773,1774],{},"a number without its negative sign",[137,1776,1777],{},"the distance between two numbers",[137,1779,1780],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1782,1783],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[129,1785,1787],{"id":1786},"quick-example","Quick example",[31,1789,1791],{"className":33,"code":1790,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1792,1793,1812,1827],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1794,1795,1797,1799,1802,1804,1807,1810],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1796,101],{"class":84},[40,1798,88],{"class":54},[40,1800,1801],{"class":84},"abs",[40,1803,88],{"class":54},[40,1805,1806],{"class":50},"-",[40,1808,1809],{"class":58},"7",[40,1811,256],{"class":54},[40,1813,1814,1816,1818,1820,1822,1825],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,1815,101],{"class":84},[40,1817,88],{"class":54},[40,1819,1801],{"class":84},[40,1821,88],{"class":54},[40,1823,1824],{"class":58},"3.5",[40,1826,256],{"class":54},[40,1828,1829,1831,1833,1835,1837,1839,1841,1844,1846,1850],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,1830,101],{"class":84},[40,1832,88],{"class":54},[40,1834,1801],{"class":84},[40,1836,88],{"class":54},[40,1838,1806],{"class":50},[40,1840,744],{"class":58},[40,1842,1843],{"class":50},"+",[40,1845,401],{"class":58},[40,1847,1849],{"class":1848},"sbsja","j",[40,1851,256],{"class":54},[20,1853,111],{},[31,1855,1857],{"className":33,"code":1856,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1858,1859,1864,1869],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1860,1861],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1862,1863],{"class":58},"7\n",[40,1865,1866],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,1867,1868],{"class":58},"3.5\n",[40,1870,1871],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,1872,1873],{"class":58},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1875,123,1876,1878],{},[15,1877,1765],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[129,1880,1882],{"id":1881},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1884,1885,1887],{},[15,1886,1765],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1889,1890],{},"That means:",[134,1892,1893,1896,1899],{},[137,1894,1895],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[137,1897,1898],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[137,1900,1901,1903,1904],{},[15,1902,192],{}," stays ",[15,1905,192],{},[20,1907,1908],{},"Examples:",[134,1910,1911,1919,1927],{},[137,1912,1913,1916,1917],{},[15,1914,1915],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1918,682],{},[137,1920,1921,1916,1924],{},[15,1922,1923],{},"abs(9)",[15,1925,1926],{},"9",[137,1928,1929,1916,1932],{},[15,1930,1931],{},"abs(0)",[15,1933,192],{},[20,1935,1936],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[129,1938,1940],{"id":1939},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,1942,1943],{},"The syntax is:",[31,1945,1947],{"className":33,"code":1946,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"abs(x)\n",[15,1948,1949],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1950,1951,1953,1955,1958],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,1952,1801],{"class":84},[40,1954,88],{"class":54},[40,1956,1957],{"class":91},"x",[40,1959,95],{"class":54},[20,1961,1962],{},"Here:",[134,1964,1965,1982,1987],{},[137,1966,1967,1969,1970,1973,1974,1977,1978,1981],{},[15,1968,1957],{}," is usually an ",[15,1971,1972],{},"int",", ",[15,1975,1976],{},"float",", or ",[15,1979,1980],{},"complex"," number",[137,1983,1984,1986],{},[15,1985,1765],{}," returns a new value",[137,1988,1989],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1991,195],{},[31,1993,1995],{"className":33,"code":1994,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1996,1997,2009,2026,2030,2040],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,1998,1999,2002,2004,2006],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2000,2001],{"class":46},"number ",[40,2003,51],{"class":50},[40,2005,1223],{"class":50},[40,2007,2008],{"class":58},"12\n",[40,2010,2011,2014,2016,2019,2021,2024],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,2012,2013],{"class":46},"result ",[40,2015,51],{"class":50},[40,2017,2018],{"class":84}," abs",[40,2020,88],{"class":54},[40,2022,2023],{"class":91},"number",[40,2025,95],{"class":54},[40,2027,2028],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,2029,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,2031,2032,2034,2036,2038],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,2033,101],{"class":84},[40,2035,88],{"class":54},[40,2037,2023],{"class":91},[40,2039,95],{"class":54},[40,2041,2042,2044,2046,2049],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,2043,101],{"class":84},[40,2045,88],{"class":54},[40,2047,2048],{"class":91},"result",[40,2050,95],{"class":54},[20,2052,111],{},[31,2054,2056],{"className":33,"code":2055,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"-12\n12\n",[15,2057,2058,2064],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2059,2060,2062],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2061,1806],{"class":50},[40,2063,2008],{"class":58},[40,2065,2066],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,2067,2008],{"class":58},[20,2069,2070,2071,2073,2074,2077],{},"Notice that ",[15,2072,2023],{}," is still ",[15,2075,2076],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2079,2080,2081,2088],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[282,2082,2084,2087],{"href":2083},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2085,2086],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[129,2090,2092],{"id":2091},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2094,2095],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[31,2097,2099],{"className":33,"code":2098,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2100,2101,2117,2132],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2102,2103,2105,2107,2109,2111,2113,2115],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2104,101],{"class":84},[40,2106,88],{"class":54},[40,2108,1801],{"class":84},[40,2110,88],{"class":54},[40,2112,1806],{"class":50},[40,2114,59],{"class":58},[40,2116,256],{"class":54},[40,2118,2119,2121,2123,2125,2127,2130],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,2120,101],{"class":84},[40,2122,88],{"class":54},[40,2124,1801],{"class":84},[40,2126,88],{"class":54},[40,2128,2129],{"class":58},"8",[40,2131,256],{"class":54},[40,2133,2134,2136,2138,2140,2142,2144,2147],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,2135,101],{"class":84},[40,2137,88],{"class":54},[40,2139,1801],{"class":84},[40,2141,88],{"class":54},[40,2143,1806],{"class":50},[40,2145,2146],{"class":58},"4.2",[40,2148,256],{"class":54},[20,2150,111],{},[31,2152,2154],{"className":33,"code":2153,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2155,2156,2161,2166],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2157,2158],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2159,2160],{"class":58},"10\n",[40,2162,2163],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,2164,2165],{"class":58},"8\n",[40,2167,2168],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,2169,2170],{"class":58},"4.2\n",[20,2172,2173],{},"What each line does:",[134,2175,2176,2183,2190],{},[137,2177,2178,398,2181],{},[15,2179,2180],{},"abs(-10)",[15,2182,59],{},[137,2184,2185,398,2188],{},[15,2186,2187],{},"abs(8)",[15,2189,2129],{},[137,2191,2192,398,2195],{},[15,2193,2194],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2196,2146],{},[20,2198,2199,2200,289],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[282,2201,2203],{"href":2202},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[129,2205,2207],{"id":2206},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2209,2210,2212],{},[15,2211,1765],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2214,2215,2216,2218],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2217,192],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2220,195],{},[31,2222,2224],{"className":33,"code":2223,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2225,2226,2243],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2227,2228,2231,2233,2235,2238,2240],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2229,2230],{"class":46},"value ",[40,2232,51],{"class":50},[40,2234,749],{"class":58},[40,2236,2237],{"class":50}," +",[40,2239,675],{"class":58},[40,2241,2242],{"class":1848},"j\n",[40,2244,2245,2247,2249,2251,2253,2256],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,2246,101],{"class":84},[40,2248,88],{"class":54},[40,2250,1801],{"class":84},[40,2252,88],{"class":54},[40,2254,2255],{"class":91},"value",[40,2257,256],{"class":54},[20,2259,111],{},[31,2261,2263],{"className":33,"code":2262,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"5.0\n",[15,2264,2265],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2266,2267],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2268,2262],{"class":58},[20,2270,2271,2272,2275],{},"Why ",[15,2273,2274],{},"5.0","?",[134,2277,2278,2283,2289],{},[137,2279,2280,2281],{},"the real part is ",[15,2282,401],{},[137,2284,2285,2286],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2287,2288],{},"4",[137,2290,2291,2292],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2293,2274],{},[20,2295,2296],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[134,2298,2299,2306],{},[137,2300,2301,2303,2304],{},[15,2302,1765],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2305,1976],{},[137,2307,2308],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[129,2310,2312],{"id":2311},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2314,2315,2316,289],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2317,1765],{},[792,2319,2321],{"id":2320},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2323,2324],{},"A very common pattern is:",[31,2326,2328],{"className":33,"code":2327,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2329,2330],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2331,2332,2334,2336,2338,2340,2343],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2333,1801],{"class":84},[40,2335,88],{"class":54},[40,2337,1384],{"class":91},[40,2339,1806],{"class":50},[40,2341,2342],{"class":91}," b",[40,2344,95],{"class":54},[20,2346,195],{},[31,2348,2350],{"className":33,"code":2349,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2351,2352,2361,2370,2374,2393],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2353,2354,2356,2358],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2355,1384],{"class":46},[40,2357,51],{"class":50},[40,2359,2360],{"class":58}," 3\n",[40,2362,2363,2365,2367],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,2364,1405],{"class":46},[40,2366,51],{"class":50},[40,2368,2369],{"class":58}," 10\n",[40,2371,2372],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,2373,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,2375,2376,2379,2381,2383,2385,2387,2389,2391],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,2377,2378],{"class":46},"distance ",[40,2380,51],{"class":50},[40,2382,2018],{"class":84},[40,2384,88],{"class":54},[40,2386,1384],{"class":91},[40,2388,1806],{"class":50},[40,2390,2342],{"class":91},[40,2392,95],{"class":54},[40,2394,2395,2397,2399,2402],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,2396,101],{"class":84},[40,2398,88],{"class":54},[40,2400,2401],{"class":91},"distance",[40,2403,95],{"class":54},[20,2405,111],{},[31,2407,2408],{"className":33,"code":1863,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,2409,2410],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2411,2412],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2413,1863],{"class":58},[20,2415,2416],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[792,2418,2420],{"id":2419},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[31,2422,2424],{"className":33,"code":2423,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2425,2426,2438],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2427,2428,2431,2433,2435],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2429,2430],{"class":46},"temperature_change ",[40,2432,51],{"class":50},[40,2434,1223],{"class":50},[40,2436,2437],{"class":58},"6\n",[40,2439,2440,2442,2444,2446,2448,2451],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,2441,101],{"class":84},[40,2443,88],{"class":54},[40,2445,1801],{"class":84},[40,2447,88],{"class":54},[40,2449,2450],{"class":91},"temperature_change",[40,2452,256],{"class":54},[20,2454,111],{},[31,2456,2457],{"className":33,"code":2437,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,2458,2459],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2460,2461],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2462,2437],{"class":58},[20,2464,2465],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[792,2467,2469],{"id":2468},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2471,2472,2473,2088],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2474,1765],{},[31,2476,2478],{"className":33,"code":2477,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2479,2480,2492,2508,2512],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2481,2482,2485,2487,2489],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2483,2484],{"class":46},"balance_change ",[40,2486,51],{"class":50},[40,2488,1223],{"class":50},[40,2490,2491],{"class":58},"25\n",[40,2493,2494,2497,2499,2501,2503,2506],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,2495,2496],{"class":46},"safe_value ",[40,2498,51],{"class":50},[40,2500,2018],{"class":84},[40,2502,88],{"class":54},[40,2504,2505],{"class":91},"balance_change",[40,2507,95],{"class":54},[40,2509,2510],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,2511,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,2513,2514,2516,2518,2521],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,2515,101],{"class":84},[40,2517,88],{"class":54},[40,2519,2520],{"class":91},"safe_value",[40,2522,95],{"class":54},[20,2524,111],{},[31,2526,2527],{"className":33,"code":2491,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,2528,2529],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2530,2531],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2532,2491],{"class":58},[792,2534,2536],{"id":2535},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[31,2538,2540],{"className":33,"code":2539,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2541,2542,2552,2562,2566,2586],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2543,2544,2547,2549],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2545,2546],{"class":46},"guess ",[40,2548,51],{"class":50},[40,2550,2551],{"class":58}," 42\n",[40,2553,2554,2557,2559],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,2555,2556],{"class":46},"target ",[40,2558,51],{"class":50},[40,2560,2561],{"class":58}," 50\n",[40,2563,2564],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,2565,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,2567,2568,2571,2573,2575,2577,2579,2581,2584],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,2569,2570],{"class":46},"difference ",[40,2572,51],{"class":50},[40,2574,2018],{"class":84},[40,2576,88],{"class":54},[40,2578,2546],{"class":91},[40,2580,1806],{"class":50},[40,2582,2583],{"class":91}," target",[40,2585,95],{"class":54},[40,2587,2588,2590,2592,2595],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,2589,101],{"class":84},[40,2591,88],{"class":54},[40,2593,2594],{"class":91},"difference",[40,2596,95],{"class":54},[20,2598,111],{},[31,2600,2601],{"className":33,"code":2165,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,2602,2603],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2604,2605],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2606,2165],{"class":58},[20,2608,2609],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[129,2611,2613],{"id":2612},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[792,2615,2617],{"id":2616},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2619,2620],{},"This causes an error:",[31,2622,2624],{"className":33,"code":2623,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2625,2626],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2627,2628,2630,2632,2634,2636,2638,2640,2642],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2629,101],{"class":84},[40,2631,88],{"class":54},[40,2633,1801],{"class":84},[40,2635,88],{"class":54},[40,2637,213],{"class":212},[40,2639,682],{"class":216},[40,2641,213],{"class":212},[40,2643,256],{"class":54},[20,2645,2646,2649,2650,2652],{},[15,2647,2648],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2651,1765],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2654,2655,2656,2662,2663,2669],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[282,2657,2659],{"href":2658},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2660,2661],{},"int()"," or ",[282,2664,2666],{"href":2665},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2667,2668],{},"float()",":",[31,2671,2673],{"className":33,"code":2672,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2674,2675,2698],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2676,2677,2679,2681,2683,2685,2687,2689,2691,2693,2695],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2678,101],{"class":84},[40,2680,88],{"class":54},[40,2682,1801],{"class":84},[40,2684,88],{"class":54},[40,2686,1972],{"class":609},[40,2688,88],{"class":54},[40,2690,213],{"class":212},[40,2692,682],{"class":216},[40,2694,213],{"class":212},[40,2696,2697],{"class":54},")))\n",[40,2699,2700,2702,2704,2706,2708,2710,2712,2714,2717,2719],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,2701,101],{"class":84},[40,2703,88],{"class":54},[40,2705,1801],{"class":84},[40,2707,88],{"class":54},[40,2709,1976],{"class":609},[40,2711,88],{"class":54},[40,2713,213],{"class":212},[40,2715,2716],{"class":216},"-3.2",[40,2718,213],{"class":212},[40,2720,2697],{"class":54},[20,2722,111],{},[31,2724,2726],{"className":33,"code":2725,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2727,2728,2733],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2729,2730],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2731,2732],{"class":58},"5\n",[40,2734,2735],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,2736,2737],{"class":58},"3.2\n",[20,2739,2740,2741,2744,2745,289],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2742,2743],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[282,2746,2748],{"href":2747},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[792,2750,2752],{"id":2751},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2754,2755],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[31,2757,2759],{"className":33,"code":2758,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2760,2761],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2762,2763,2765,2767,2769,2772,2774,2776,2778,2780,2782],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2764,101],{"class":84},[40,2766,88],{"class":54},[40,2768,1801],{"class":84},[40,2770,2771],{"class":54},"([",[40,2773,658],{"class":58},[40,2775,62],{"class":54},[40,2777,663],{"class":58},[40,2779,62],{"class":54},[40,2781,749],{"class":58},[40,2783,2784],{"class":54},"]))\n",[20,2786,2787,2788,2791],{},"This raises a ",[15,2789,2790],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[792,2793,2795],{"id":2794},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2797,2798,2800],{},[15,2799,1765],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[31,2802,2804],{"className":33,"code":2803,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2805,2806,2818,2828,2832],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2807,2808,2811,2813,2815],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2809,2810],{"class":46},"x ",[40,2812,51],{"class":50},[40,2814,1223],{"class":50},[40,2816,2817],{"class":58},"9\n",[40,2819,2820,2822,2824,2826],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,2821,1801],{"class":84},[40,2823,88],{"class":54},[40,2825,1957],{"class":91},[40,2827,95],{"class":54},[40,2829,2830],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,2831,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,2833,2834,2836,2838,2840],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,2835,101],{"class":84},[40,2837,88],{"class":54},[40,2839,1957],{"class":91},[40,2841,95],{"class":54},[20,2843,111],{},[31,2845,2847],{"className":33,"code":2846,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"-9\n",[15,2848,2849],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2850,2851,2853],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2852,1806],{"class":50},[40,2854,2817],{"class":58},[20,2856,2857],{},"If you want to store the result:",[31,2859,2861],{"className":33,"code":2860,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2862,2863,2873,2887,2891],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2864,2865,2867,2869,2871],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2866,2810],{"class":46},[40,2868,51],{"class":50},[40,2870,1223],{"class":50},[40,2872,2817],{"class":58},[40,2874,2875,2877,2879,2881,2883,2885],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,2876,2810],{"class":46},[40,2878,51],{"class":50},[40,2880,2018],{"class":84},[40,2882,88],{"class":54},[40,2884,1957],{"class":91},[40,2886,95],{"class":54},[40,2888,2889],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,2890,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,2892,2893,2895,2897,2899],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,2894,101],{"class":84},[40,2896,88],{"class":54},[40,2898,1957],{"class":91},[40,2900,95],{"class":54},[20,2902,111],{},[31,2904,2905],{"className":33,"code":2817,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,2906,2907],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2908,2909],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2910,2817],{"class":58},[792,2912,2914],{"id":2913},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2916,2917,2919],{},[15,2918,1765],{}," does not round numbers.",[31,2921,2923],{"className":33,"code":2922,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2924,2925],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2926,2927,2929,2931,2933,2935,2937,2940],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2928,101],{"class":84},[40,2930,88],{"class":54},[40,2932,1801],{"class":84},[40,2934,88],{"class":54},[40,2936,1806],{"class":50},[40,2938,2939],{"class":58},"4.7",[40,2941,256],{"class":54},[20,2943,111],{},[31,2945,2947],{"className":33,"code":2946,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"4.7\n",[15,2948,2949],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,2950,2951],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,2952,2946],{"class":58},[20,2954,2955,2956,2958,2959,2961],{},"If you expected ",[15,2957,682],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2960,1765],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[129,2963,2965],{"id":2964},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2967,2968,2970],{},[15,2969,1765],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[134,2972,2973,2980,2987],{},[137,2974,2975,2977,2978],{},[15,2976,1972],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2979,1972],{},[137,2981,2982,2984,2985],{},[15,2983,1976],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2986,1976],{},[137,2988,2989,2984,2991],{},[15,2990,1980],{},[15,2992,1976],{},[20,2994,195],{},[31,2996,2998],{"className":33,"code":2997,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2999,3000,3020,3041],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3001,3002,3004,3006,3008,3010,3012,3014,3016,3018],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3003,101],{"class":84},[40,3005,88],{"class":54},[40,3007,1297],{"class":609},[40,3009,88],{"class":54},[40,3011,1801],{"class":84},[40,3013,88],{"class":54},[40,3015,1806],{"class":50},[40,3017,682],{"class":58},[40,3019,2697],{"class":54},[40,3021,3022,3024,3026,3028,3030,3032,3034,3036,3039],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,3023,101],{"class":84},[40,3025,88],{"class":54},[40,3027,1297],{"class":609},[40,3029,88],{"class":54},[40,3031,1801],{"class":84},[40,3033,88],{"class":54},[40,3035,1806],{"class":50},[40,3037,3038],{"class":58},"3.2",[40,3040,2697],{"class":54},[40,3042,3043,3045,3047,3049,3051,3053,3055,3057,3059,3061,3063],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,3044,101],{"class":84},[40,3046,88],{"class":54},[40,3048,1297],{"class":609},[40,3050,88],{"class":54},[40,3052,1801],{"class":84},[40,3054,88],{"class":54},[40,3056,401],{"class":58},[40,3058,2237],{"class":50},[40,3060,675],{"class":58},[40,3062,1849],{"class":1848},[40,3064,2697],{"class":54},[20,3066,111],{},[31,3068,3070],{"className":33,"code":3069,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3071,3072,3091,3105],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3073,3074,3077,3080,3083,3085,3088],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3075,3076],{"class":50},"\u003C",[40,3078,3079],{"class":1848},"class",[40,3081,3082],{"class":212}," '",[40,3084,1972],{"class":216},[40,3086,3087],{"class":212},"'",[40,3089,3090],{"class":50},">\n",[40,3092,3093,3095,3097,3099,3101,3103],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,3094,3076],{"class":50},[40,3096,3079],{"class":1848},[40,3098,3082],{"class":212},[40,3100,1976],{"class":216},[40,3102,3087],{"class":212},[40,3104,3090],{"class":50},[40,3106,3107,3109,3111,3113,3115,3117],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,3108,3076],{"class":50},[40,3110,3079],{"class":1848},[40,3112,3082],{"class":212},[40,3114,1976],{"class":216},[40,3116,3087],{"class":212},[40,3118,3090],{"class":50},[20,3120,3121],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3123,3124],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3126,3127],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[31,3129,3131],{"className":33,"code":3130,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3132,3133,3147,3157,3171,3175,3189],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3134,3135,3137,3139,3141,3144],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3136,2230],{"class":46},[40,3138,51],{"class":50},[40,3140,224],{"class":212},[40,3142,3143],{"class":216},"-5",[40,3145,3146],{"class":212},"\"\n",[40,3148,3149,3151,3153,3155],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,3150,101],{"class":84},[40,3152,88],{"class":54},[40,3154,2255],{"class":91},[40,3156,95],{"class":54},[40,3158,3159,3161,3163,3165,3167,3169],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,3160,101],{"class":84},[40,3162,88],{"class":54},[40,3164,1297],{"class":609},[40,3166,88],{"class":54},[40,3168,2255],{"class":91},[40,3170,256],{"class":54},[40,3172,3173],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,3174,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,3176,3177,3180,3182,3184,3187],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,3178,3179],{"class":46},"user_input ",[40,3181,51],{"class":50},[40,3183,224],{"class":212},[40,3185,3186],{"class":216},"-3.7",[40,3188,3146],{"class":212},[40,3190,3191,3193,3195,3197,3199,3201,3203,3206],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,3192,101],{"class":84},[40,3194,88],{"class":54},[40,3196,1801],{"class":84},[40,3198,88],{"class":54},[40,3200,1976],{"class":609},[40,3202,88],{"class":54},[40,3204,3205],{"class":91},"user_input",[40,3207,2697],{"class":54},[20,3209,111],{},[31,3211,3213],{"className":33,"code":3212,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3214,3215,3221,3236],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3216,3217,3219],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3218,1806],{"class":50},[40,3220,2732],{"class":58},[40,3222,3223,3225,3227,3229,3232,3234],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,3224,3076],{"class":50},[40,3226,3079],{"class":1848},[40,3228,3082],{"class":212},[40,3230,3231],{"class":216},"str",[40,3233,3087],{"class":212},[40,3235,3090],{"class":50},[40,3237,3238],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,3239,3240],{"class":58},"3.7\n",[129,3242,1636],{"id":1635},[792,3244,3246],{"id":3245},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3248,3249],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[792,3251,3253],{"id":3252},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3255,3256],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[792,3258,3260],{"id":3259},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3262,3263],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[792,3265,3267],{"id":3266},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3269,3270,3272,3273,2662,3275,3277,3278,289],{},[15,3271,2743],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3274,2661],{},[15,3276,2668],{}," before using ",[15,3279,1765],{},[792,3281,3283],{"id":3282},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3285,3286],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[129,3288,1687],{"id":1686},[134,3290,3291,3297,3303,3309,3314],{},[137,3292,3293],{},[282,3294,3295,288],{"href":2658},[15,3296,2661],{},[137,3298,3299],{},[282,3300,3301,288],{"href":2665},[15,3302,2668],{},[137,3304,3305],{},[282,3306,3307,288],{"href":2083},[15,3308,2086],{},[137,3310,3311],{},[282,3312,3313],{"href":2747},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[137,3315,3316],{},[282,3317,2203],{"href":2202},[1715,3319,3320],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":3322},[3323,3324,3325,3326,3327,3328,3334,3340,3341,3348],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":1881,"depth":76,"text":1882},{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":2091,"depth":76,"text":2092},{"id":2206,"depth":76,"text":2207},{"id":2311,"depth":76,"text":2312,"children":3329},[3330,3331,3332,3333],{"id":2320,"depth":98,"text":2321},{"id":2419,"depth":98,"text":2420},{"id":2468,"depth":98,"text":2469},{"id":2535,"depth":98,"text":2536},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":3335},[3336,3337,3338,3339],{"id":2616,"depth":98,"text":2617},{"id":2751,"depth":98,"text":2752},{"id":2794,"depth":98,"text":2795},{"id":2913,"depth":98,"text":2914},{"id":2964,"depth":76,"text":2965},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":3342},[3343,3344,3345,3346,3347],{"id":3245,"depth":98,"text":3246},{"id":3252,"depth":98,"text":3253},{"id":3259,"depth":98,"text":3260},{"id":3266,"depth":98,"text":3267},{"id":3282,"depth":98,"text":3283},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1755,"description":3349},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3356,"title":3357,"body":3358,"description":5049,"extension":1746,"meta":5050,"navigation":360,"path":5051,"seo":5052,"stem":5053,"__hash__":5054},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3359,"toc":5013},[3360,3367,3373,3376,3393,3397,3451,3461,3467,3471,3490,3493,3510,3513,3517,3525,3542,3545,3585,3588,3595,3601,3674,3676,3707,3713,3717,3721,3760,3762,3770,3777,3781,3820,3822,3831,3841,3845,3899,3901,3909,3912,3915,3962,3964,3972,3978,3984,3989,3992,3995,4062,4064,4072,4075,4142,4144,4152,4166,4169,4181,4185,4191,4194,4196,4212,4214,4222,4225,4228,4231,4248,4251,4254,4284,4286,4299,4301,4305,4308,4323,4328,4331,4358,4365,4368,4408,4414,4420,4428,4431,4483,4490,4554,4559,4567,4570,4588,4594,4597,4739,4744,4749,4752,4763,4766,4820,4822,4830,4833,4892,4894,4902,4905,4916,4918,4924,4932,4941,4944,4951,4954,4963,4976,4978,5010],[10,3361,285,3363,3366],{"id":3362},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3364,3365],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3368,3369,3370,3372],{},"Python’s ",[15,3371,3365],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3374,3375],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[134,3377,3378,3381,3384],{},[137,3379,3380],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[137,3382,3383],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[137,3385,3386,398,3389,3392],{},[15,3387,3388],{},"all([])",[15,3390,3391],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[129,3394,3396],{"id":3395},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[31,3398,3400],{"className":33,"code":3399,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3401,3402,3422,3437],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3403,3404,3406,3408,3410,3412,3414,3416,3418,3420],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3405,47],{"class":46},[40,3407,51],{"class":50},[40,3409,55],{"class":54},[40,3411,658],{"class":58},[40,3413,62],{"class":54},[40,3415,663],{"class":58},[40,3417,62],{"class":54},[40,3419,749],{"class":58},[40,3421,73],{"class":54},[40,3423,3424,3426,3428,3431,3433,3435],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,3425,2013],{"class":46},[40,3427,51],{"class":50},[40,3429,3430],{"class":84}," all",[40,3432,88],{"class":54},[40,3434,92],{"class":91},[40,3436,95],{"class":54},[40,3438,3439,3441,3443,3445,3447],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,3440,101],{"class":84},[40,3442,88],{"class":54},[40,3444,2048],{"class":91},[40,3446,18],{"class":54},[40,3448,3450],{"class":3449},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3452,3453,398,3455,3457,3458,289],{},[15,3454,3365],{},[15,3456,3391],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3459,3460],{},"False",[129,3462,158,3464,3466],{"id":3463},"what-all-does",[15,3465,3365],{}," does",[20,3468,3469,2669],{},[15,3470,3365],{},[134,3472,3473,3476,3482,3487],{},[137,3474,3475],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[137,3477,3478,3479,3481],{},"returns ",[15,3480,3391],{}," if all items are truthy",[137,3483,3478,3484,3486],{},[15,3485,3460],{}," if any item is falsy",[137,3488,3489],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3491,3492],{},"Basic syntax:",[31,3494,3496],{"className":33,"code":3495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3497,3498],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3499,3500,3503,3505,3508],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3501,3502],{"class":84},"all",[40,3504,88],{"class":54},[40,3506,3507],{"class":91},"iterable",[40,3509,95],{"class":54},[20,3511,3512],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[129,3514,3516],{"id":3515},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3518,3519,3520,2662,3522,3524],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3521,3391],{},[15,3523,3460],{}," in conditions.",[134,3526,3527,3535],{},[137,3528,3529,3532,3533],{},[183,3530,3531],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3534,3391],{},[137,3536,3537,3532,3540],{},[183,3538,3539],{},"Falsy",[15,3541,3460],{},[20,3543,3544],{},"Common falsy values include:",[134,3546,3547,3551,3556,3561,3566,3570,3575,3580],{},[137,3548,3549],{},[15,3550,192],{},[137,3552,3553],{},[15,3554,3555],{},"0.0",[137,3557,3558],{},[15,3559,3560],{},"''",[137,3562,3563],{},[15,3564,3565],{},"None",[137,3567,3568],{},[15,3569,3460],{},[137,3571,3572],{},[15,3573,3574],{},"[]",[137,3576,3577],{},[15,3578,3579],{},"{}",[137,3581,3582],{},[15,3583,3584],{},"set()",[20,3586,3587],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3589,3590,3591,289],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[282,3592,3594],{"href":3593},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3596,3597,3598,2669],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3599,3600],{},"bool()",[31,3602,3604],{"className":33,"code":3603,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3605,3606,3642,3646],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3607,3608,3611,3613,3615,3617,3619,3621,3623,3626,3628,3630,3633,3635,3637,3640],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3609,3610],{"class":46},"values ",[40,3612,51],{"class":50},[40,3614,55],{"class":54},[40,3616,658],{"class":58},[40,3618,62],{"class":54},[40,3620,550],{"class":58},[40,3622,62],{"class":54},[40,3624,3625],{"class":212}," ''",[40,3627,62],{"class":54},[40,3629,3082],{"class":212},[40,3631,3632],{"class":216},"hello",[40,3634,3087],{"class":212},[40,3636,62],{"class":54},[40,3638,3639],{"class":1494}," None",[40,3641,73],{"class":54},[40,3643,3644],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,3645,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,3647,3648,3650,3652,3655,3657,3659,3661,3664,3667,3669,3672],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,3649,101],{"class":84},[40,3651,2771],{"class":54},[40,3653,3654],{"class":609},"bool",[40,3656,88],{"class":54},[40,3658,1957],{"class":91},[40,3660,18],{"class":54},[40,3662,3663],{"class":535}," for",[40,3665,3666],{"class":91}," x ",[40,3668,1554],{"class":535},[40,3670,3671],{"class":91}," values",[40,3673,570],{"class":54},[20,3675,111],{},[31,3677,3679],{"className":33,"code":3678,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3680,3681],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3682,3683,3685,3687,3689,3692,3694,3696,3698,3701,3703,3705],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3684,565],{"class":54},[40,3686,3391],{"class":1494},[40,3688,62],{"class":54},[40,3690,3691],{"class":1494}," False",[40,3693,62],{"class":54},[40,3695,3691],{"class":1494},[40,3697,62],{"class":54},[40,3699,3700],{"class":1494}," True",[40,3702,62],{"class":54},[40,3704,3691],{"class":1494},[40,3706,73],{"class":54},[20,3708,3709,3710,3712],{},"This matters because ",[15,3711,3365],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[129,3714,3716],{"id":3715},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[792,3718,3720],{"id":3719},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[31,3722,3724],{"className":33,"code":3723,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3725,3726,3746],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3727,3728,3730,3732,3734,3736,3738,3740,3742,3744],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3729,47],{"class":46},[40,3731,51],{"class":50},[40,3733,55],{"class":54},[40,3735,658],{"class":58},[40,3737,62],{"class":54},[40,3739,663],{"class":58},[40,3741,62],{"class":54},[40,3743,749],{"class":58},[40,3745,73],{"class":54},[40,3747,3748,3750,3752,3754,3756,3758],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,3749,101],{"class":84},[40,3751,88],{"class":54},[40,3753,3502],{"class":84},[40,3755,88],{"class":54},[40,3757,92],{"class":91},[40,3759,256],{"class":54},[20,3761,111],{},[31,3763,3764],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,3765,3766],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3767,3768],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3769,1495],{"class":1494},[20,3771,3772,3773,398,3775,289],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3774,3365],{},[15,3776,3391],{},[792,3778,3780],{"id":3779},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[31,3782,3784],{"className":33,"code":3783,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3785,3786,3806],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3787,3788,3790,3792,3794,3796,3798,3800,3802,3804],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3789,47],{"class":46},[40,3791,51],{"class":50},[40,3793,55],{"class":54},[40,3795,658],{"class":58},[40,3797,62],{"class":54},[40,3799,550],{"class":58},[40,3801,62],{"class":54},[40,3803,749],{"class":58},[40,3805,73],{"class":54},[40,3807,3808,3810,3812,3814,3816,3818],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,3809,101],{"class":84},[40,3811,88],{"class":54},[40,3813,3502],{"class":84},[40,3815,88],{"class":54},[40,3817,92],{"class":91},[40,3819,256],{"class":54},[20,3821,111],{},[31,3823,3825],{"className":33,"code":3824,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"False\n",[15,3826,3827],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3828,3829],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3830,3824],{"class":1494},[20,3832,3833,3834,3836,3837,398,3839,289],{},"The value ",[15,3835,192],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3838,3365],{},[15,3840,3460],{},[792,3842,3844],{"id":3843},"example-strings","Example: strings",[31,3846,3848],{"className":33,"code":3847,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3849,3850,3885],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3851,3852,3854,3856,3858,3860,3863,3865,3867,3869,3872,3874,3876,3878,3881,3883],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3853,205],{"class":46},[40,3855,51],{"class":50},[40,3857,55],{"class":54},[40,3859,3087],{"class":212},[40,3861,3862],{"class":216},"apple",[40,3864,3087],{"class":212},[40,3866,62],{"class":54},[40,3868,3082],{"class":212},[40,3870,3871],{"class":216},"banana",[40,3873,3087],{"class":212},[40,3875,62],{"class":54},[40,3877,3082],{"class":212},[40,3879,3880],{"class":216},"cherry",[40,3882,3087],{"class":212},[40,3884,73],{"class":54},[40,3886,3887,3889,3891,3893,3895,3897],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,3888,101],{"class":84},[40,3890,88],{"class":54},[40,3892,3502],{"class":84},[40,3894,88],{"class":54},[40,3896,253],{"class":91},[40,3898,256],{"class":54},[20,3900,111],{},[31,3902,3903],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,3904,3905],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3906,3907],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3908,1495],{"class":1494},[20,3910,3911],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3913,3914],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[31,3916,3918],{"className":33,"code":3917,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3919,3920,3948],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3921,3922,3924,3926,3928,3930,3932,3934,3936,3938,3940,3942,3944,3946],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3923,205],{"class":46},[40,3925,51],{"class":50},[40,3927,55],{"class":54},[40,3929,3087],{"class":212},[40,3931,3862],{"class":216},[40,3933,3087],{"class":212},[40,3935,62],{"class":54},[40,3937,3625],{"class":212},[40,3939,62],{"class":54},[40,3941,3082],{"class":212},[40,3943,3880],{"class":216},[40,3945,3087],{"class":212},[40,3947,73],{"class":54},[40,3949,3950,3952,3954,3956,3958,3960],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,3951,101],{"class":84},[40,3953,88],{"class":54},[40,3955,3502],{"class":84},[40,3957,88],{"class":54},[40,3959,253],{"class":91},[40,3961,256],{"class":54},[20,3963,111],{},[31,3965,3966],{"className":33,"code":3824,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,3967,3968],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,3969,3970],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,3971,3824],{"class":1494},[20,3973,3974,3975,3977],{},"The empty string ",[15,3976,3560],{}," is falsy.",[129,3979,139,3981,3983],{"id":3980},"how-all-works-with-conditions",[15,3982,3365],{}," works with conditions",[20,3985,3986,3988],{},[15,3987,3365],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3990,3991],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3993,3994],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[31,3996,3998],{"className":33,"code":3997,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3999,4000,4020,4048,4052],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4001,4002,4004,4006,4008,4010,4012,4014,4016,4018],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4003,47],{"class":46},[40,4005,51],{"class":50},[40,4007,55],{"class":54},[40,4009,658],{"class":58},[40,4011,62],{"class":54},[40,4013,663],{"class":58},[40,4015,62],{"class":54},[40,4017,749],{"class":58},[40,4019,73],{"class":54},[40,4021,4022,4024,4026,4028,4030,4032,4035,4037,4039,4041,4043,4046],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,4023,2013],{"class":46},[40,4025,51],{"class":50},[40,4027,3430],{"class":84},[40,4029,88],{"class":54},[40,4031,2810],{"class":91},[40,4033,4034],{"class":50},">",[40,4036,550],{"class":58},[40,4038,3663],{"class":535},[40,4040,3666],{"class":91},[40,4042,1554],{"class":535},[40,4044,4045],{"class":91}," numbers",[40,4047,95],{"class":54},[40,4049,4050],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,4051,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,4053,4054,4056,4058,4060],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,4055,101],{"class":84},[40,4057,88],{"class":54},[40,4059,2048],{"class":91},[40,4061,95],{"class":54},[20,4063,111],{},[31,4065,4066],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,4067,4068],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4069,4070],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4071,1495],{"class":1494},[20,4073,4074],{},"Here is one that fails:",[31,4076,4078],{"className":33,"code":4077,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4079,4080,4102,4128,4132],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4081,4082,4084,4086,4088,4090,4092,4094,4096,4098,4100],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4083,47],{"class":46},[40,4085,51],{"class":50},[40,4087,55],{"class":54},[40,4089,658],{"class":58},[40,4091,62],{"class":54},[40,4093,1223],{"class":50},[40,4095,744],{"class":58},[40,4097,62],{"class":54},[40,4099,749],{"class":58},[40,4101,73],{"class":54},[40,4103,4104,4106,4108,4110,4112,4114,4116,4118,4120,4122,4124,4126],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,4105,2013],{"class":46},[40,4107,51],{"class":50},[40,4109,3430],{"class":84},[40,4111,88],{"class":54},[40,4113,2810],{"class":91},[40,4115,4034],{"class":50},[40,4117,550],{"class":58},[40,4119,3663],{"class":535},[40,4121,3666],{"class":91},[40,4123,1554],{"class":535},[40,4125,4045],{"class":91},[40,4127,95],{"class":54},[40,4129,4130],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,4131,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,4133,4134,4136,4138,4140],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,4135,101],{"class":84},[40,4137,88],{"class":54},[40,4139,2048],{"class":91},[40,4141,95],{"class":54},[20,4143,111],{},[31,4145,4146],{"className":33,"code":3824,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,4147,4148],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4149,4150],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4151,3824],{"class":1494},[20,4153,4154,4155,4158,4159,4161,4162,398,4164,289],{},"The expression ",[15,4156,4157],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4160,3391],{},", then ",[15,4163,3365],{},[15,4165,3391],{},[20,4167,4168],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4170,4171,4172,4176,4177,289],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[282,4173,4175],{"href":4174},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[282,4178,4180],{"href":4179},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[129,4182,4184],{"id":4183},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4186,4187,398,4189,289],{},[15,4188,3388],{},[15,4190,3391],{},[20,4192,4193],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4195,195],{},[31,4197,4199],{"className":33,"code":4198,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4200,4201],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4202,4203,4205,4207,4209],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4204,101],{"class":84},[40,4206,88],{"class":54},[40,4208,3502],{"class":84},[40,4210,4211],{"class":54},"([]))\n",[20,4213,111],{},[31,4215,4216],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,4217,4218],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4219,4220],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4221,1495],{"class":1494},[20,4223,4224],{},"Why?",[20,4226,4227],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4229,4230],{},"Think of it this way:",[134,4232,4233,4240,4243],{},[137,4234,4235,398,4237,4239],{},[15,4236,3365],{},[15,4238,3460],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[137,4241,4242],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[137,4244,4245,4246],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4247,3460],{},[20,4249,4250],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4252,4253],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[31,4255,4257],{"className":33,"code":4256,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4258,4259,4270],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4260,4261,4263,4265,4267],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4262,101],{"class":84},[40,4264,88],{"class":54},[40,4266,3502],{"class":84},[40,4268,4269],{"class":54},"(()))\n",[40,4271,4272,4274,4276,4278,4280,4282],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,4273,101],{"class":84},[40,4275,88],{"class":54},[40,4277,3502],{"class":84},[40,4279,88],{"class":54},[40,4281,3560],{"class":212},[40,4283,256],{"class":54},[20,4285,111],{},[31,4287,4289],{"className":33,"code":4288,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4290,4291,4295],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4292,4293],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4294,1495],{"class":1494},[40,4296,4297],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,4298,1495],{"class":1494},[129,4300,790],{"id":789},[792,4302,4304],{"id":4303},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4306,4307],{},"This is wrong:",[31,4309,4311],{"className":33,"code":4310,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4312,4313,4318],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4314,4315],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4316,4317],{"class":3449},"# Wrong\n",[40,4319,4320],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,4321,4322],{"class":3449},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4324,4325,4327],{},[15,4326,3365],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4329,4330],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[31,4332,4334],{"className":33,"code":4333,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4335,4336],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4337,4338,4340,4342,4344,4346,4348,4350,4352,4354,4356],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4339,101],{"class":84},[40,4341,88],{"class":54},[40,4343,3502],{"class":84},[40,4345,2771],{"class":54},[40,4347,658],{"class":58},[40,4349,62],{"class":54},[40,4351,663],{"class":58},[40,4353,62],{"class":54},[40,4355,749],{"class":58},[40,4357,2784],{"class":54},[792,4359,4361,4362,4364],{"id":4360},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4363,3365],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4366,4367],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[31,4369,4371],{"className":33,"code":4370,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4372,4373,4394],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4374,4375,4377,4379,4381,4383,4385,4388,4390,4392],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4376,47],{"class":46},[40,4378,51],{"class":50},[40,4380,55],{"class":54},[40,4382,682],{"class":58},[40,4384,62],{"class":54},[40,4386,4387],{"class":58}," 5",[40,4389,62],{"class":54},[40,4391,4387],{"class":58},[40,4393,73],{"class":54},[40,4395,4396,4398,4400,4402,4404,4406],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,4397,101],{"class":84},[40,4399,88],{"class":54},[40,4401,3502],{"class":84},[40,4403,88],{"class":54},[40,4405,92],{"class":91},[40,4407,256],{"class":54},[20,4409,4410,4411,4413],{},"This does ",[183,4412,185],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4415,4416,4417,4419],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4418,682],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[31,4421,4422],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,4423,4424],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4425,4426],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4427,1495],{"class":1494},[20,4429,4430],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[31,4432,4434],{"className":33,"code":4433,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4435,4436,4456],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4437,4438,4440,4442,4444,4446,4448,4450,4452,4454],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4439,47],{"class":46},[40,4441,51],{"class":50},[40,4443,55],{"class":54},[40,4445,682],{"class":58},[40,4447,62],{"class":54},[40,4449,4387],{"class":58},[40,4451,62],{"class":54},[40,4453,4387],{"class":58},[40,4455,73],{"class":54},[40,4457,4458,4460,4462,4464,4466,4468,4471,4473,4475,4477,4479,4481],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,4459,101],{"class":84},[40,4461,88],{"class":54},[40,4463,3502],{"class":84},[40,4465,88],{"class":54},[40,4467,2810],{"class":91},[40,4469,4470],{"class":50},"==",[40,4472,4387],{"class":58},[40,4474,3663],{"class":535},[40,4476,3666],{"class":91},[40,4478,1554],{"class":535},[40,4480,4045],{"class":91},[40,4482,256],{"class":54},[792,4484,4486,4487,4489],{"id":4485},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4488,192],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[31,4491,4493],{"className":33,"code":4492,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4494,4495,4521],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4496,4497,4499,4501,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511,4513,4515,4518],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4498,101],{"class":84},[40,4500,88],{"class":54},[40,4502,3502],{"class":84},[40,4504,2771],{"class":54},[40,4506,658],{"class":58},[40,4508,62],{"class":54},[40,4510,663],{"class":58},[40,4512,62],{"class":54},[40,4514,550],{"class":58},[40,4516,4517],{"class":54},"]))",[40,4519,4520],{"class":3449},"       # False\n",[40,4522,4523,4525,4527,4529,4531,4533,4535,4537,4539,4541,4543,4545,4547,4549,4551],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,4524,101],{"class":84},[40,4526,88],{"class":54},[40,4528,3502],{"class":84},[40,4530,2771],{"class":54},[40,4532,3087],{"class":212},[40,4534,282],{"class":216},[40,4536,3087],{"class":212},[40,4538,62],{"class":54},[40,4540,3082],{"class":212},[40,4542,1017],{"class":216},[40,4544,3087],{"class":212},[40,4546,62],{"class":54},[40,4548,3625],{"class":212},[40,4550,4517],{"class":54},[40,4552,4553],{"class":3449},"  # False\n",[20,4555,4556,4557,289],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4558,3460],{},[792,4560,4562,4563,1156,4565],{"id":4561},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4564,3388],{},[15,4566,3391],{},[20,4568,4569],{},"This is expected behavior:",[31,4571,4573],{"className":33,"code":4572,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4574,4575],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4576,4577,4579,4581,4583,4586],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4578,101],{"class":84},[40,4580,88],{"class":54},[40,4582,3502],{"class":84},[40,4584,4585],{"class":54},"([]))",[40,4587,3450],{"class":3449},[20,4589,4590,4591,4593],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4592,3391],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4595,4596],{},"Useful quick tests:",[31,4598,4600],{"className":33,"code":4599,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4601,4602,4624,4646,4693,4729],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4603,4604,4606,4608,4610,4612,4614,4616,4618,4620,4622],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4605,101],{"class":84},[40,4607,88],{"class":54},[40,4609,3502],{"class":84},[40,4611,2771],{"class":54},[40,4613,658],{"class":58},[40,4615,62],{"class":54},[40,4617,663],{"class":58},[40,4619,62],{"class":54},[40,4621,749],{"class":58},[40,4623,2784],{"class":54},[40,4625,4626,4628,4630,4632,4634,4636,4638,4640,4642,4644],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,4627,101],{"class":84},[40,4629,88],{"class":54},[40,4631,3502],{"class":84},[40,4633,2771],{"class":54},[40,4635,658],{"class":58},[40,4637,62],{"class":54},[40,4639,550],{"class":58},[40,4641,62],{"class":54},[40,4643,749],{"class":58},[40,4645,2784],{"class":54},[40,4647,4648,4650,4652,4654,4656,4658,4660,4662,4664,4666,4668,4670,4672,4674,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684,4686,4688,4690],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,4649,101],{"class":84},[40,4651,2771],{"class":54},[40,4653,3654],{"class":609},[40,4655,88],{"class":54},[40,4657,1957],{"class":91},[40,4659,18],{"class":54},[40,4661,3663],{"class":535},[40,4663,3666],{"class":91},[40,4665,1554],{"class":535},[40,4667,55],{"class":54},[40,4669,658],{"class":58},[40,4671,62],{"class":54},[40,4673,550],{"class":58},[40,4675,62],{"class":54},[40,4677,3625],{"class":212},[40,4679,62],{"class":54},[40,4681,3082],{"class":212},[40,4683,3632],{"class":216},[40,4685,3087],{"class":212},[40,4687,62],{"class":54},[40,4689,3639],{"class":1494},[40,4691,4692],{"class":54},"]])\n",[40,4694,4695,4697,4699,4701,4703,4705,4707,4709,4711,4713,4715,4717,4719,4721,4723,4725,4727],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,4696,101],{"class":84},[40,4698,88],{"class":54},[40,4700,3502],{"class":84},[40,4702,88],{"class":54},[40,4704,2810],{"class":91},[40,4706,4034],{"class":50},[40,4708,550],{"class":58},[40,4710,3663],{"class":535},[40,4712,3666],{"class":91},[40,4714,1554],{"class":535},[40,4716,55],{"class":54},[40,4718,658],{"class":58},[40,4720,62],{"class":54},[40,4722,663],{"class":58},[40,4724,62],{"class":54},[40,4726,749],{"class":58},[40,4728,2784],{"class":54},[40,4730,4731,4733,4735,4737],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,4732,101],{"class":84},[40,4734,88],{"class":54},[40,4736,3502],{"class":84},[40,4738,4211],{"class":54},[129,4740,1345,4742],{"id":4741},"when-to-use-all",[15,4743,3365],{},[20,4745,4746,4748],{},[15,4747,3365],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4750,4751],{},"Common use cases:",[134,4753,4754,4757,4760],{},[137,4755,4756],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[137,4758,4759],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[137,4761,4762],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4764,4765],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[31,4767,4769],{"className":33,"code":4768,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4770,4771,4806],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4772,4773,4775,4777,4779,4781,4784,4786,4788,4790,4793,4795,4797,4799,4802,4804],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4774,1508],{"class":46},[40,4776,51],{"class":50},[40,4778,55],{"class":54},[40,4780,3087],{"class":212},[40,4782,4783],{"class":216},"Alice",[40,4785,3087],{"class":212},[40,4787,62],{"class":54},[40,4789,3082],{"class":212},[40,4791,4792],{"class":216},"Bob",[40,4794,3087],{"class":212},[40,4796,62],{"class":54},[40,4798,3082],{"class":212},[40,4800,4801],{"class":216},"Charlie",[40,4803,3087],{"class":212},[40,4805,73],{"class":54},[40,4807,4808,4810,4812,4814,4816,4818],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,4809,101],{"class":84},[40,4811,88],{"class":54},[40,4813,3502],{"class":84},[40,4815,88],{"class":54},[40,4817,1566],{"class":91},[40,4819,256],{"class":54},[20,4821,111],{},[31,4823,4824],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,4825,4826],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4827,4828],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4829,1495],{"class":1494},[20,4831,4832],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[31,4834,4836],{"className":33,"code":4835,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4837,4838,4862],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4839,4840,4843,4845,4847,4850,4852,4855,4857,4860],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4841,4842],{"class":46},"scores ",[40,4844,51],{"class":50},[40,4846,55],{"class":54},[40,4848,4849],{"class":58},"75",[40,4851,62],{"class":54},[40,4853,4854],{"class":58}," 80",[40,4856,62],{"class":54},[40,4858,4859],{"class":58}," 50",[40,4861,73],{"class":54},[40,4863,4864,4866,4868,4870,4872,4875,4878,4880,4882,4885,4887,4890],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,4865,101],{"class":84},[40,4867,88],{"class":54},[40,4869,3502],{"class":84},[40,4871,88],{"class":54},[40,4873,4874],{"class":91},"score ",[40,4876,4877],{"class":50},">=",[40,4879,4859],{"class":58},[40,4881,3663],{"class":535},[40,4883,4884],{"class":91}," score ",[40,4886,1554],{"class":535},[40,4888,4889],{"class":91}," scores",[40,4891,256],{"class":54},[20,4893,111],{},[31,4895,4896],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,4897,4898],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,4899,4900],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,4901,1495],{"class":1494},[20,4903,4904],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4906,4907,4908,4176,4912,289],{},"For related tasks, see ",[282,4909,4911],{"href":4910},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[282,4913,4915],{"href":4914},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[129,4917,1636],{"id":1635},[792,4919,1650,4921,4923],{"id":4920},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,4922,3365],{}," return in Python?",[20,4925,1657,4926,4928,4929,4931],{},[15,4927,3391],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4930,3460],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[792,4933,4935,4936,4938,4939,2275],{"id":4934},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4937,3388],{}," return ",[15,4940,3391],{},[20,4942,4943],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[792,4945,4947,4948,4950],{"id":4946},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,4949,3365],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4952,4953],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[792,4955,4957,4958,4176,4960,2275],{"id":4956},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,4959,3365],{},[15,4961,4962],{},"any()",[20,4964,4965,4967,4968,4970,4971,289],{},[15,4966,3365],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4969,4962],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[282,4972,285,4974,288],{"href":4973},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4975,4962],{},[129,4977,1687],{"id":1686},[134,4979,4980,4986,4990,4995,5000,5005],{},[137,4981,4982],{},[282,4983,285,4984,288],{"href":4973},[15,4985,4962],{},[137,4987,4988],{},[282,4989,3594],{"href":3593},[137,4991,4992],{},[282,4993,4994],{"href":4914},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[137,4996,4997],{},[282,4998,4999],{"href":4910},"How to filter a list in Python",[137,5001,5002],{},[282,5003,5004],{"href":4174},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[137,5006,5007],{},[282,5008,5009],{"href":4179},"What is an iterable in Python",[1715,5011,5012],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":5014},[5015,5016,5018,5019,5024,5026,5027,5036,5038,5048],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":3463,"depth":76,"text":5017},"What all() does",{"id":3515,"depth":76,"text":3516},{"id":3715,"depth":76,"text":3716,"children":5020},[5021,5022,5023],{"id":3719,"depth":98,"text":3720},{"id":3779,"depth":98,"text":3780},{"id":3843,"depth":98,"text":3844},{"id":3980,"depth":76,"text":5025},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4183,"depth":76,"text":4184},{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":5028},[5029,5030,5032,5034],{"id":4303,"depth":98,"text":4304},{"id":4360,"depth":98,"text":5031},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4485,"depth":98,"text":5033},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4561,"depth":98,"text":5035},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4741,"depth":76,"text":5037},"When to use all()",{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":5039},[5040,5042,5044,5046],{"id":4920,"depth":98,"text":5041},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4934,"depth":98,"text":5043},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4946,"depth":98,"text":5045},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4956,"depth":98,"text":5047},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3357,"description":5049},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5056,"title":5057,"body":5058,"description":6746,"extension":1746,"meta":6747,"navigation":360,"path":4973,"seo":6748,"stem":6749,"__hash__":6750},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5059,"toc":6724},[5060,5063,5071,5074,5091,5099,5143,5152,5156,5161,5164,5181,5184,5195,5207,5211,5214,5229,5234,5237,5249,5252,5336,5339,5360,5366,5368,5376,5390,5392,5426,5428,5431,5492,5494,5511,5514,5541,5543,5551,5563,5565,5568,5607,5609,5617,5619,5635,5643,5646,5689,5691,5699,5704,5708,5716,5719,5745,5748,5751,5825,5827,5835,5842,5866,5877,5880,5959,5961,5969,5976,5980,5985,6000,6002,6010,6013,6019,6022,6068,6070,6087,6091,6096,6107,6110,6224,6227,6286,6292,6294,6299,6303,6305,6324,6330,6333,6352,6356,6365,6392,6394,6402,6410,6414,6420,6443,6445,6453,6460,6464,6467,6518,6521,6572,6575,6577,6581,6588,6592,6599,6603,6611,6615,6618,6640,6642,6692,6694,6721],[10,5061,5057],{"id":5062},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5064,5065,5067,5068,289],{},[15,5066,4962],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[183,5069,5070],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5072,5073],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[134,5075,5076,5079,5082,5085,5088],{},[137,5077,5078],{},"lists",[137,5080,5081],{},"tuples",[137,5083,5084],{},"sets",[137,5086,5087],{},"strings",[137,5089,5090],{},"generator expressions",[20,5092,5093,5094,2662,5096,5098],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5095,3391],{},[15,5097,3460],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[31,5100,5102],{"className":33,"code":5101,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5103,5104,5124],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5105,5106,5108,5110,5112,5114,5116,5118,5120,5122],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5107,3610],{"class":46},[40,5109,51],{"class":50},[40,5111,55],{"class":54},[40,5113,192],{"class":58},[40,5115,62],{"class":54},[40,5117,3625],{"class":212},[40,5119,62],{"class":54},[40,5121,4387],{"class":58},[40,5123,73],{"class":54},[40,5125,5126,5128,5130,5133,5135,5138,5141],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,5127,101],{"class":84},[40,5129,88],{"class":54},[40,5131,5132],{"class":84},"any",[40,5134,88],{"class":54},[40,5136,5137],{"class":91},"values",[40,5139,5140],{"class":54},"))",[40,5142,3450],{"class":3449},[20,5144,123,5145,5148,5149,5151],{},[15,5146,5147],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5150,3391],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[129,5153,5155],{"id":5154},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5157,5158,5160],{},[15,5159,4962],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5162,5163],{},"It returns:",[134,5165,5166,5171,5176],{},[137,5167,5168,5170],{},[15,5169,3391],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[137,5172,5173,5175],{},[15,5174,3460],{}," if all items are falsy",[137,5177,5178,5180],{},[15,5179,3460],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5182,5183],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[134,5185,5186,5189,5192],{},[137,5187,5188],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[137,5190,5191],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[137,5193,5194],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5196,5197,5198,5201,5202,289],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[183,5199,5200],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[282,5203,5205],{"href":5204},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5206,3365],{},[129,5208,5210],{"id":5209},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5212,5213],{},"The syntax is simple:",[31,5215,5217],{"className":33,"code":5216,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5218,5219],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5220,5221,5223,5225,5227],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5222,5132],{"class":84},[40,5224,88],{"class":54},[40,5226,3507],{"class":91},[40,5228,95],{"class":54},[20,5230,5231,5232,289],{},"The argument must be an ",[183,5233,3507],{},[20,5235,5236],{},"Common inputs include:",[134,5238,5239,5241,5243,5245,5247],{},[137,5240,5078],{},[137,5242,5081],{},[137,5244,5084],{},[137,5246,5087],{},[137,5248,5090],{},[20,5250,5251],{},"For example:",[31,5253,5255],{"className":33,"code":5254,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5256,5257,5279,5298,5318],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5258,5259,5261,5263,5265,5267,5269,5271,5273,5275,5277],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5260,101],{"class":84},[40,5262,88],{"class":54},[40,5264,5132],{"class":84},[40,5266,2771],{"class":54},[40,5268,192],{"class":58},[40,5270,62],{"class":54},[40,5272,550],{"class":58},[40,5274,62],{"class":54},[40,5276,1226],{"class":58},[40,5278,2784],{"class":54},[40,5280,5281,5283,5285,5287,5290,5292,5294,5296],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,5282,101],{"class":84},[40,5284,88],{"class":54},[40,5286,5132],{"class":84},[40,5288,5289],{"class":54},"((",[40,5291,3460],{"class":1494},[40,5293,62],{"class":54},[40,5295,3691],{"class":1494},[40,5297,2697],{"class":54},[40,5299,5300,5302,5304,5306,5309,5311,5313,5315],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,5301,101],{"class":84},[40,5303,88],{"class":54},[40,5305,5132],{"class":84},[40,5307,5308],{"class":54},"({",[40,5310,192],{"class":58},[40,5312,62],{"class":54},[40,5314,663],{"class":58},[40,5316,5317],{"class":54},"}))\n",[40,5319,5320,5322,5324,5326,5328,5330,5332,5334],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,5321,101],{"class":84},[40,5323,88],{"class":54},[40,5325,5132],{"class":84},[40,5327,88],{"class":54},[40,5329,213],{"class":212},[40,5331,3632],{"class":216},[40,5333,213],{"class":212},[40,5335,256],{"class":54},[20,5337,5338],{},"Expected output:",[31,5340,5342],{"className":33,"code":5341,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5343,5344,5348,5352,5356],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5345,5346],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5347,1495],{"class":1494},[40,5349,5350],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,5351,3824],{"class":1494},[40,5353,5354],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,5355,1495],{"class":1494},[40,5357,5358],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,5359,1495],{"class":1494},[20,5361,5362,5363,289],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[282,5364,4915],{"href":5365},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[129,5367,3516],{"id":3515},[20,5369,3519,5370,2662,5373,3524],{},[183,5371,5372],{},"truthy",[183,5374,5375],{},"falsy",[134,5377,5378,5384],{},[137,5379,5380,3532,5382],{},[183,5381,3531],{},[15,5383,3391],{},[137,5385,5386,3532,5388],{},[183,5387,3539],{},[15,5389,3460],{},[20,5391,3544],{},[134,5393,5394,5398,5402,5406,5410,5414,5418,5422],{},[137,5395,5396],{},[15,5397,3460],{},[137,5399,5400],{},[15,5401,192],{},[137,5403,5404],{},[15,5405,3555],{},[137,5407,5408],{},[15,5409,3560],{},[137,5411,5412],{},[15,5413,3574],{},[137,5415,5416],{},[15,5417,3579],{},[137,5419,5420],{},[15,5421,3584],{},[137,5423,5424],{},[15,5425,3565],{},[20,5427,3587],{},[20,5429,5430],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[31,5432,5434],{"className":33,"code":5433,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5435,5436,5450,5468],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5437,5438,5440,5442,5444,5446,5448],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5439,101],{"class":84},[40,5441,88],{"class":54},[40,5443,5132],{"class":84},[40,5445,2771],{"class":54},[40,5447,658],{"class":58},[40,5449,2784],{"class":54},[40,5451,5452,5454,5456,5458,5460,5462,5464,5466],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,5453,101],{"class":84},[40,5455,88],{"class":54},[40,5457,5132],{"class":84},[40,5459,2771],{"class":54},[40,5461,3087],{"class":212},[40,5463,3632],{"class":216},[40,5465,3087],{"class":212},[40,5467,2784],{"class":54},[40,5469,5470,5472,5474,5476,5479,5481,5483,5485,5487,5489],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,5471,101],{"class":84},[40,5473,88],{"class":54},[40,5475,5132],{"class":84},[40,5477,5478],{"class":54},"([[",[40,5480,658],{"class":58},[40,5482,62],{"class":54},[40,5484,663],{"class":58},[40,5486,62],{"class":54},[40,5488,749],{"class":58},[40,5490,5491],{"class":54},"]]))\n",[20,5493,5338],{},[31,5495,5497],{"className":33,"code":5496,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5498,5499,5503,5507],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5500,5501],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5502,1495],{"class":1494},[40,5504,5505],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,5506,1495],{"class":1494},[40,5508,5509],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,5510,1495],{"class":1494},[20,5512,5513],{},"And these are all falsy:",[31,5515,5517],{"className":33,"code":5516,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5518,5519],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5520,5521,5523,5525,5527,5529,5531,5533,5535,5537,5539],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5522,101],{"class":84},[40,5524,88],{"class":54},[40,5526,5132],{"class":84},[40,5528,2771],{"class":54},[40,5530,192],{"class":58},[40,5532,62],{"class":54},[40,5534,3625],{"class":212},[40,5536,62],{"class":54},[40,5538,3639],{"class":1494},[40,5540,2784],{"class":54},[20,5542,5338],{},[31,5544,5545],{"className":33,"code":3824,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,5546,5547],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5548,5549],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5550,3824],{"class":1494},[20,5552,5553,5554,4176,5557,289],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[282,5555,3594],{"href":5556},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[282,5558,5560,5562],{"href":5559},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5561,3600],{}," explained",[129,5564,293],{"id":292},[20,5566,5567],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[31,5569,5571],{"className":33,"code":5570,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5572,5573,5593],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5574,5575,5577,5579,5581,5583,5585,5587,5589,5591],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5576,3610],{"class":46},[40,5578,51],{"class":50},[40,5580,55],{"class":54},[40,5582,192],{"class":58},[40,5584,62],{"class":54},[40,5586,3625],{"class":212},[40,5588,62],{"class":54},[40,5590,4387],{"class":58},[40,5592,73],{"class":54},[40,5594,5595,5597,5599,5601,5603,5605],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,5596,101],{"class":84},[40,5598,88],{"class":54},[40,5600,5132],{"class":84},[40,5602,88],{"class":54},[40,5604,5137],{"class":91},[40,5606,256],{"class":54},[20,5608,111],{},[31,5610,5611],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,5612,5613],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5614,5615],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5616,1495],{"class":1494},[20,5618,4224],{},[134,5620,5621,5626,5630],{},[137,5622,5623,5625],{},[15,5624,192],{}," is falsy",[137,5627,5628,5625],{},[15,5629,3560],{},[137,5631,5632,5634],{},[15,5633,682],{}," is truthy",[20,5636,5637,5638,398,5641,289],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5639,5640],{},"any(values)",[15,5642,3391],{},[20,5644,5645],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[31,5647,5649],{"className":33,"code":5648,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5650,5651,5675],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5652,5653,5655,5657,5659,5661,5663,5665,5667,5669,5671,5673],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5654,3610],{"class":46},[40,5656,51],{"class":50},[40,5658,55],{"class":54},[40,5660,192],{"class":58},[40,5662,62],{"class":54},[40,5664,3625],{"class":212},[40,5666,62],{"class":54},[40,5668,3639],{"class":1494},[40,5670,62],{"class":54},[40,5672,3691],{"class":1494},[40,5674,73],{"class":54},[40,5676,5677,5679,5681,5683,5685,5687],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,5678,101],{"class":84},[40,5680,88],{"class":54},[40,5682,5132],{"class":84},[40,5684,88],{"class":54},[40,5686,5137],{"class":91},[40,5688,256],{"class":54},[20,5690,111],{},[31,5692,5693],{"className":33,"code":3824,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,5694,5695],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5696,5697],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5698,3824],{"class":1494},[20,5700,5701,5702,289],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5703,3460],{},[129,5705,5707],{"id":5706},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5709,5710,5712,5713,289],{},[15,5711,4962],{}," is often used with a ",[183,5714,5715],{},"generator expression",[20,5717,5718],{},"This is a common pattern:",[31,5720,5722],{"className":33,"code":5721,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5723,5724],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5725,5726,5728,5730,5733,5735,5738,5740,5743],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5727,5132],{"class":84},[40,5729,88],{"class":54},[40,5731,5732],{"class":91},"condition ",[40,5734,1548],{"class":535},[40,5736,5737],{"class":91}," item ",[40,5739,1554],{"class":535},[40,5741,5742],{"class":91}," items",[40,5744,95],{"class":54},[20,5746,5747],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5749,5750],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[31,5752,5754],{"className":33,"code":5753,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5755,5756,5784,5788,5815],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5757,5758,5760,5762,5764,5766,5768,5771,5773,5775,5777,5779,5782],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5759,47],{"class":46},[40,5761,51],{"class":50},[40,5763,55],{"class":54},[40,5765,2288],{"class":58},[40,5767,62],{"class":54},[40,5769,5770],{"class":58}," 7",[40,5772,62],{"class":54},[40,5774,1223],{"class":50},[40,5776,744],{"class":58},[40,5778,62],{"class":54},[40,5780,5781],{"class":58}," 10",[40,5783,73],{"class":54},[40,5785,5786],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,5787,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,5789,5790,5792,5794,5797,5799,5801,5803,5805,5807,5809,5811,5813],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,5791,2013],{"class":46},[40,5793,51],{"class":50},[40,5795,5796],{"class":84}," any",[40,5798,88],{"class":54},[40,5800,2810],{"class":91},[40,5802,3076],{"class":50},[40,5804,550],{"class":58},[40,5806,3663],{"class":535},[40,5808,3666],{"class":91},[40,5810,1554],{"class":535},[40,5812,4045],{"class":91},[40,5814,95],{"class":54},[40,5816,5817,5819,5821,5823],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,5818,101],{"class":84},[40,5820,88],{"class":54},[40,5822,2048],{"class":91},[40,5824,95],{"class":54},[20,5826,111],{},[31,5828,5829],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,5830,5831],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5832,5833],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5834,1495],{"class":1494},[20,5836,5837,5838,5841],{},"This works because ",[15,5839,5840],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[134,5843,5844,5852,5859],{},[137,5845,5846,5849,5850],{},[15,5847,5848],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5851,3460],{},[137,5853,5854,5849,5857],{},[15,5855,5856],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5858,3460],{},[137,5860,5861,5849,5864],{},[15,5862,5863],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5865,3391],{},[20,5867,5868,5869,5871,5872,5874,5875,289],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5870,3391],{}," result, ",[15,5873,4962],{}," can return ",[15,5876,3391],{},[20,5878,5879],{},"Here is another example:",[31,5881,5883],{"className":33,"code":5882,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5884,5885,5914,5918,5948],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5886,5887,5889,5891,5893,5895,5897,5899,5901,5904,5906,5908,5910,5912],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5888,205],{"class":46},[40,5890,51],{"class":50},[40,5892,55],{"class":54},[40,5894,213],{"class":212},[40,5896,3862],{"class":216},[40,5898,213],{"class":212},[40,5900,62],{"class":54},[40,5902,5903],{"class":212}," \"\"",[40,5905,62],{"class":54},[40,5907,224],{"class":212},[40,5909,3871],{"class":216},[40,5911,213],{"class":212},[40,5913,73],{"class":54},[40,5915,5916],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,5917,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,5919,5920,5923,5925,5927,5929,5932,5934,5936,5938,5941,5943,5946],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,5921,5922],{"class":46},"has_empty_string ",[40,5924,51],{"class":50},[40,5926,5796],{"class":84},[40,5928,88],{"class":54},[40,5930,5931],{"class":91},"word ",[40,5933,4470],{"class":50},[40,5935,5903],{"class":212},[40,5937,3663],{"class":535},[40,5939,5940],{"class":91}," word ",[40,5942,1554],{"class":535},[40,5944,5945],{"class":91}," words",[40,5947,95],{"class":54},[40,5949,5950,5952,5954,5957],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,5951,101],{"class":84},[40,5953,88],{"class":54},[40,5955,5956],{"class":91},"has_empty_string",[40,5958,95],{"class":54},[20,5960,111],{},[31,5962,5963],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,5964,5965],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5966,5967],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5968,1495],{"class":1494},[20,5970,5971,5972,289],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[282,5973,5975],{"href":5974},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[129,5977,5979],{"id":5978},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5981,5982,5983,2669],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5984,3460],{},[31,5986,5988],{"className":33,"code":5987,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5989,5990],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,5991,5992,5994,5996,5998],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,5993,101],{"class":84},[40,5995,88],{"class":54},[40,5997,5132],{"class":84},[40,5999,4211],{"class":54},[20,6001,111],{},[31,6003,6004],{"className":33,"code":3824,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,6005,6006],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6007,6008],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6009,3824],{"class":1494},[20,6011,6012],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6014,6015,6016,6018],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6017,4962],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6020,6021],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[31,6023,6025],{"className":33,"code":6024,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6026,6027,6037,6052],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6028,6029,6031,6033,6035],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6030,101],{"class":84},[40,6032,88],{"class":54},[40,6034,5132],{"class":84},[40,6036,4269],{"class":54},[40,6038,6039,6041,6043,6045,6047,6050],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,6040,101],{"class":84},[40,6042,88],{"class":54},[40,6044,5132],{"class":84},[40,6046,88],{"class":54},[40,6048,6049],{"class":212},"\"\"",[40,6051,256],{"class":54},[40,6053,6054,6056,6058,6060,6062,6065],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,6055,101],{"class":84},[40,6057,88],{"class":54},[40,6059,5132],{"class":84},[40,6061,88],{"class":54},[40,6063,6064],{"class":609},"set",[40,6066,6067],{"class":54},"()))\n",[20,6069,111],{},[31,6071,6073],{"className":33,"code":6072,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6074,6075,6079,6083],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6076,6077],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6078,3824],{"class":1494},[40,6080,6081],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,6082,3824],{"class":1494},[40,6084,6085],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,6086,3824],{"class":1494},[129,6088,6090],{"id":6089},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6092,123,6093,6095],{},[15,6094,4962],{}," when you want to:",[134,6097,6098,6101,6104],{},[137,6099,6100],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[137,6102,6103],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[137,6105,6106],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6108,6109],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[31,6111,6113],{"className":33,"code":6112,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6114,6115,6140,6144,6154,6158,6171,6190,6201,6207,6212],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6116,6117,6119,6121,6123,6125,6127,6129,6131,6133,6135,6138],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6118,47],{"class":46},[40,6120,51],{"class":50},[40,6122,55],{"class":54},[40,6124,658],{"class":58},[40,6126,62],{"class":54},[40,6128,749],{"class":58},[40,6130,62],{"class":54},[40,6132,4387],{"class":58},[40,6134,62],{"class":54},[40,6136,6137],{"class":58}," 8",[40,6139,73],{"class":54},[40,6141,6142],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,6143,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,6145,6146,6149,6151],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,6147,6148],{"class":46},"found_even ",[40,6150,51],{"class":50},[40,6152,6153],{"class":1494}," False\n",[40,6155,6156],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,6157,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,6159,6160,6162,6165,6167,6169],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,6161,1548],{"class":535},[40,6163,6164],{"class":46}," number ",[40,6166,1554],{"class":535},[40,6168,4045],{"class":46},[40,6170,553],{"class":54},[40,6172,6173,6176,6178,6181,6183,6186,6188],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,6174,6175],{"class":535},"    if",[40,6177,6164],{"class":46},[40,6179,6180],{"class":50},"%",[40,6182,663],{"class":58},[40,6184,6185],{"class":50}," ==",[40,6187,550],{"class":58},[40,6189,553],{"class":54},[40,6191,6193,6196,6198],{"class":42,"line":6192},7,[40,6194,6195],{"class":46},"        found_even ",[40,6197,51],{"class":50},[40,6199,6200],{"class":1494}," True\n",[40,6202,6204],{"class":42,"line":6203},8,[40,6205,6206],{"class":535},"        break\n",[40,6208,6210],{"class":42,"line":6209},9,[40,6211,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,6213,6215,6217,6219,6222],{"class":42,"line":6214},10,[40,6216,101],{"class":84},[40,6218,88],{"class":54},[40,6220,6221],{"class":91},"found_even",[40,6223,95],{"class":54},[20,6225,6226],{},"You can write:",[31,6228,6230],{"className":33,"code":6229,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6231,6232,6256],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6233,6234,6236,6238,6240,6242,6244,6246,6248,6250,6252,6254],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6235,47],{"class":46},[40,6237,51],{"class":50},[40,6239,55],{"class":54},[40,6241,658],{"class":58},[40,6243,62],{"class":54},[40,6245,749],{"class":58},[40,6247,62],{"class":54},[40,6249,4387],{"class":58},[40,6251,62],{"class":54},[40,6253,6137],{"class":58},[40,6255,73],{"class":54},[40,6257,6258,6260,6262,6264,6266,6268,6270,6272,6274,6276,6278,6280,6282,6284],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,6259,101],{"class":84},[40,6261,88],{"class":54},[40,6263,5132],{"class":84},[40,6265,88],{"class":54},[40,6267,2001],{"class":91},[40,6269,6180],{"class":50},[40,6271,663],{"class":58},[40,6273,6185],{"class":50},[40,6275,550],{"class":58},[40,6277,3663],{"class":535},[40,6279,6164],{"class":91},[40,6281,1554],{"class":535},[40,6283,4045],{"class":91},[40,6285,256],{"class":54},[20,6287,6288,6289,6291],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6290,4962],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[129,6293,790],{"id":789},[20,6295,6296,6297,289],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6298,4962],{},[792,6300,6302],{"id":6301},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6304,4307],{},[31,6306,6308],{"className":33,"code":6307,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6309,6310],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6311,6312,6314,6316,6318,6320,6322],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6313,101],{"class":84},[40,6315,88],{"class":54},[40,6317,5132],{"class":84},[40,6319,88],{"class":54},[40,6321,682],{"class":58},[40,6323,256],{"class":54},[20,6325,6326,6327,6329],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6328,682],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6331,6332],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[31,6334,6336],{"className":33,"code":6335,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6337,6338],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6339,6340,6342,6344,6346,6348,6350],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6341,101],{"class":84},[40,6343,88],{"class":54},[40,6345,5132],{"class":84},[40,6347,2771],{"class":54},[40,6349,682],{"class":58},[40,6351,2784],{"class":54},[792,6353,6355],{"id":6354},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6357,6358,6360,6361,6364],{},[15,6359,4962],{}," needs only ",[183,6362,6363],{},"one"," truthy item.",[31,6366,6368],{"className":33,"code":6367,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6369,6370],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6371,6372,6374,6376,6378,6380,6382,6384,6386,6388,6390],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6373,101],{"class":84},[40,6375,88],{"class":54},[40,6377,5132],{"class":84},[40,6379,2771],{"class":54},[40,6381,3460],{"class":1494},[40,6383,62],{"class":54},[40,6385,3691],{"class":1494},[40,6387,62],{"class":54},[40,6389,3700],{"class":1494},[40,6391,2784],{"class":54},[20,6393,111],{},[31,6395,6396],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,6397,6398],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6399,6400],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6401,1495],{"class":1494},[20,6403,6404,6405,6409],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[282,6406,6407],{"href":5204},[15,6408,3365],{}," instead.",[792,6411,6413],{"id":6412},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6415,6416,6417,289],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6418,6419],{},"\"True\"",[31,6421,6423],{"className":33,"code":6422,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6424,6425],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6426,6427,6429,6431,6433,6435,6437,6439,6441],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6428,101],{"class":84},[40,6430,88],{"class":54},[40,6432,5132],{"class":84},[40,6434,2771],{"class":54},[40,6436,213],{"class":212},[40,6438,3460],{"class":216},[40,6440,213],{"class":212},[40,6442,2784],{"class":54},[20,6444,111],{},[31,6446,6447],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,6448,6449],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6450,6451],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6452,1495],{"class":1494},[20,6454,6455,6456,6459],{},"That is because ",[15,6457,6458],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[792,6461,6463],{"id":6462},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6465,6466],{},"This works:",[31,6468,6470],{"className":33,"code":6469,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6471,6472,6492],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6473,6474,6476,6478,6480,6482,6484,6486,6488,6490],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6475,47],{"class":46},[40,6477,51],{"class":50},[40,6479,55],{"class":54},[40,6481,658],{"class":58},[40,6483,62],{"class":54},[40,6485,663],{"class":58},[40,6487,62],{"class":54},[40,6489,749],{"class":58},[40,6491,73],{"class":54},[40,6493,6494,6496,6498,6500,6502,6504,6506,6508,6510,6512,6514,6516],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,6495,101],{"class":84},[40,6497,88],{"class":54},[40,6499,5132],{"class":84},[40,6501,2771],{"class":54},[40,6503,2810],{"class":91},[40,6505,4034],{"class":50},[40,6507,663],{"class":58},[40,6509,3663],{"class":535},[40,6511,3666],{"class":91},[40,6513,1554],{"class":535},[40,6515,4045],{"class":91},[40,6517,2784],{"class":54},[20,6519,6520],{},"But this is usually better:",[31,6522,6524],{"className":33,"code":6523,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6525,6526,6546],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6527,6528,6530,6532,6534,6536,6538,6540,6542,6544],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6529,47],{"class":46},[40,6531,51],{"class":50},[40,6533,55],{"class":54},[40,6535,658],{"class":58},[40,6537,62],{"class":54},[40,6539,663],{"class":58},[40,6541,62],{"class":54},[40,6543,749],{"class":58},[40,6545,73],{"class":54},[40,6547,6548,6550,6552,6554,6556,6558,6560,6562,6564,6566,6568,6570],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,6549,101],{"class":84},[40,6551,88],{"class":54},[40,6553,5132],{"class":84},[40,6555,88],{"class":54},[40,6557,2810],{"class":91},[40,6559,4034],{"class":50},[40,6561,663],{"class":58},[40,6563,3663],{"class":535},[40,6565,3666],{"class":91},[40,6567,1554],{"class":535},[40,6569,4045],{"class":91},[40,6571,256],{"class":54},[20,6573,6574],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[129,6576,1636],{"id":1635},[792,6578,6580],{"id":6579},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6582,1657,6583,6585,6586,289],{},[15,6584,3391],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6587,3460],{},[792,6589,6591],{"id":6590},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6593,6594,398,6596,6598],{},[15,6595,4962],{},[15,6597,3460],{}," for an empty iterable.",[792,6600,6602],{"id":6601},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6604,6605,6607,6608,6610],{},[15,6606,4962],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6609,3365],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[792,6612,6614],{"id":6613},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6616,6617],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[31,6619,6620],{"className":33,"code":5721,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,6621,6622],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6623,6624,6626,6628,6630,6632,6634,6636,6638],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6625,5132],{"class":84},[40,6627,88],{"class":54},[40,6629,5732],{"class":91},[40,6631,1548],{"class":535},[40,6633,5737],{"class":91},[40,6635,1554],{"class":535},[40,6637,5742],{"class":91},[40,6639,95],{"class":54},[20,6641,5251],{},[31,6643,6644],{"className":33,"code":6523,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,6645,6646,6666],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6647,6648,6650,6652,6654,6656,6658,6660,6662,6664],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6649,47],{"class":46},[40,6651,51],{"class":50},[40,6653,55],{"class":54},[40,6655,658],{"class":58},[40,6657,62],{"class":54},[40,6659,663],{"class":58},[40,6661,62],{"class":54},[40,6663,749],{"class":58},[40,6665,73],{"class":54},[40,6667,6668,6670,6672,6674,6676,6678,6680,6682,6684,6686,6688,6690],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,6669,101],{"class":84},[40,6671,88],{"class":54},[40,6673,5132],{"class":84},[40,6675,88],{"class":54},[40,6677,2810],{"class":91},[40,6679,4034],{"class":50},[40,6681,663],{"class":58},[40,6683,3663],{"class":535},[40,6685,3666],{"class":91},[40,6687,1554],{"class":535},[40,6689,4045],{"class":91},[40,6691,256],{"class":54},[129,6693,1687],{"id":1686},[134,6695,6696,6702,6706,6710,6715],{},[137,6697,6698],{},[282,6699,6700,288],{"href":5204},[15,6701,3365],{},[137,6703,6704],{},[282,6705,3594],{"href":5556},[137,6707,6708],{},[282,6709,4994],{"href":5365},[137,6711,6712],{},[282,6713,6714],{"href":5974},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[137,6716,6717],{},[282,6718,6719,288],{"href":5559},[15,6720,3600],{},[1715,6722,6723],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":6725},[6726,6727,6728,6729,6730,6731,6732,6733,6739,6745],{"id":5154,"depth":76,"text":5155},{"id":5209,"depth":76,"text":5210},{"id":3515,"depth":76,"text":3516},{"id":292,"depth":76,"text":293},{"id":5706,"depth":76,"text":5707},{"id":5978,"depth":76,"text":5979},{"id":6089,"depth":76,"text":6090},{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":6734},[6735,6736,6737,6738],{"id":6301,"depth":98,"text":6302},{"id":6354,"depth":98,"text":6355},{"id":6412,"depth":98,"text":6413},{"id":6462,"depth":98,"text":6463},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":6740},[6741,6742,6743,6744],{"id":6579,"depth":98,"text":6580},{"id":6590,"depth":98,"text":6591},{"id":6601,"depth":98,"text":6602},{"id":6613,"depth":98,"text":6614},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5057,"description":6746},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6752,"title":6753,"body":6754,"description":8875,"extension":1746,"meta":8876,"navigation":360,"path":8877,"seo":8878,"stem":8879,"__hash__":8880},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6755,"toc":8838},[6756,6759,6768,6777,6779,6876,6878,6907,6923,6927,6932,6935,6945,6951,6957,6972,6974,6982,6989,6993,6996,7011,7016,7034,7039,7041,7089,7091,7108,7112,7118,7121,7156,7158,7264,7266,7303,7307,7315,7317,7337,7339,7460,7462,7491,7494,7517,7519,7527,7535,7539,7545,7549,7588,7590,7598,7601,7628,7630,7638,7642,7671,7673,7681,7713,7715,7723,7727,7778,7780,7788,7796,7800,7803,7855,7857,7875,7882,7886,7892,7895,7903,7925,7927,7935,7943,7966,7968,7976,7981,7986,7997,7999,8040,8051,8055,8064,8067,8070,8128,8131,8183,8186,8191,8207,8213,8215,8220,8229,8232,8254,8256,8264,8268,8271,8306,8308,8316,8320,8325,8363,8375,8378,8433,8441,8445,8448,8470,8479,8482,8523,8525,8548,8554,8560,8575,8577,8597,8600,8619,8621,8640,8644,8650,8729,8732,8746,8753,8755,8759,8766,8770,8774,8778,8783,8787,8792,8796,8803,8805,8835],[10,6757,6753],{"id":6758},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6760,606,6761,6763,6764,2662,6766,289],{},[15,6762,3600],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6765,3391],{},[15,6767,3460],{},[20,6769,6770,6771,6773,6774,6776],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6772,3600],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6775,536],{}," statements and other conditions.",[129,6778,3396],{"id":3395},[31,6780,6782],{"className":33,"code":6781,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6783,6784,6798,6812,6826,6844,6854],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6785,6786,6788,6790,6792,6794,6796],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6787,101],{"class":84},[40,6789,88],{"class":54},[40,6791,3654],{"class":609},[40,6793,88],{"class":54},[40,6795,192],{"class":58},[40,6797,256],{"class":54},[40,6799,6800,6802,6804,6806,6808,6810],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,6801,101],{"class":84},[40,6803,88],{"class":54},[40,6805,3654],{"class":609},[40,6807,88],{"class":54},[40,6809,658],{"class":58},[40,6811,256],{"class":54},[40,6813,6814,6816,6818,6820,6822,6824],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,6815,101],{"class":84},[40,6817,88],{"class":54},[40,6819,3654],{"class":609},[40,6821,88],{"class":54},[40,6823,6049],{"class":212},[40,6825,256],{"class":54},[40,6827,6828,6830,6832,6834,6836,6838,6840,6842],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,6829,101],{"class":84},[40,6831,88],{"class":54},[40,6833,3654],{"class":609},[40,6835,88],{"class":54},[40,6837,213],{"class":212},[40,6839,3632],{"class":216},[40,6841,213],{"class":212},[40,6843,256],{"class":54},[40,6845,6846,6848,6850,6852],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,6847,101],{"class":84},[40,6849,88],{"class":54},[40,6851,3654],{"class":609},[40,6853,4211],{"class":54},[40,6855,6856,6858,6860,6862,6864,6866,6868,6870,6872,6874],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,6857,101],{"class":84},[40,6859,88],{"class":54},[40,6861,3654],{"class":609},[40,6863,2771],{"class":54},[40,6865,658],{"class":58},[40,6867,62],{"class":54},[40,6869,663],{"class":58},[40,6871,62],{"class":54},[40,6873,749],{"class":58},[40,6875,2784],{"class":54},[20,6877,5338],{},[31,6879,6881],{"className":33,"code":6880,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6882,6883,6887,6891,6895,6899,6903],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6884,6885],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6886,3824],{"class":1494},[40,6888,6889],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,6890,1495],{"class":1494},[40,6892,6893],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,6894,3824],{"class":1494},[40,6896,6897],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,6898,1495],{"class":1494},[40,6900,6901],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,6902,3824],{"class":1494},[40,6904,6905],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,6906,1495],{"class":1494},[20,6908,123,6909,6912,6913,2662,6915,6917,6918,6920,6921,289],{},[15,6910,6911],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6914,3391],{},[15,6916,3460],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6919,3460],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6922,3391],{},[129,6924,6926],{"id":6925},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6928,6929,6931],{},[15,6930,3600],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6933,6934],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[134,6936,6937,6941],{},[137,6938,6939],{},[15,6940,3391],{},[137,6942,6943],{},[15,6944,3460],{},[20,6946,6947,6948,6950],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6949,536],{}," statements.",[20,6952,6953,6954,6956],{},"You can also call ",[15,6955,3600],{}," with no argument:",[31,6958,6960],{"className":33,"code":6959,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(bool())\n",[15,6961,6962],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6963,6964,6966,6968,6970],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6965,101],{"class":84},[40,6967,88],{"class":54},[40,6969,3654],{"class":609},[40,6971,847],{"class":54},[20,6973,111],{},[31,6975,6976],{"className":33,"code":3824,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,6977,6978],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,6979,6980],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,6981,3824],{"class":1494},[20,6983,6984,6985,289],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[282,6986,6988],{"href":6987},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[129,6990,6992],{"id":6991},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6994,6995],{},"The basic syntax is:",[31,6997,6999],{"className":33,"code":6998,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"bool(value)\n",[15,7000,7001],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7002,7003,7005,7007,7009],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7004,3654],{"class":609},[40,7006,88],{"class":54},[40,7008,2255],{"class":91},[40,7010,95],{"class":54},[20,7012,606,7013,7015],{},[15,7014,2255],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[134,7017,7018,7020,7022,7024,7026,7029,7031],{},[137,7019,92],{},[137,7021,5087],{},[137,7023,5078],{},[137,7025,5081],{},[137,7027,7028],{},"dictionaries",[137,7030,5084],{},[137,7032,7033],{},"other objects",[20,7035,7036,7037,289],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7038,3460],{},[20,7040,195],{},[31,7042,7044],{"className":33,"code":7043,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7045,7046,7060,7079],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7047,7048,7050,7052,7054,7056,7058],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7049,101],{"class":84},[40,7051,88],{"class":54},[40,7053,3654],{"class":609},[40,7055,88],{"class":54},[40,7057,59],{"class":58},[40,7059,256],{"class":54},[40,7061,7062,7064,7066,7068,7070,7072,7075,7077],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,7063,101],{"class":84},[40,7065,88],{"class":54},[40,7067,3654],{"class":609},[40,7069,88],{"class":54},[40,7071,213],{"class":212},[40,7073,7074],{"class":216},"Python",[40,7076,213],{"class":212},[40,7078,256],{"class":54},[40,7080,7081,7083,7085,7087],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,7082,101],{"class":84},[40,7084,88],{"class":54},[40,7086,3654],{"class":609},[40,7088,847],{"class":54},[20,7090,111],{},[31,7092,7094],{"className":33,"code":7093,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7095,7096,7100,7104],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7097,7098],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7099,1495],{"class":1494},[40,7101,7102],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,7103,1495],{"class":1494},[40,7105,7106],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,7107,3824],{"class":1494},[129,7109,7111],{"id":7110},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7113,7114,7115,7117],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[183,7116,5375],{}," values.",[20,7119,7120],{},"Common examples:",[134,7122,7123,7127,7131,7135,7139,7144,7148,7152],{},[137,7124,7125],{},[15,7126,192],{},[137,7128,7129],{},[15,7130,3555],{},[137,7132,7133],{},[15,7134,6049],{},[137,7136,7137],{},[15,7138,3574],{},[137,7140,7141],{},[15,7142,7143],{},"()",[137,7145,7146],{},[15,7147,3579],{},[137,7149,7150],{},[15,7151,3584],{},[137,7153,7154],{},[15,7155,3565],{},[20,7157,195],{},[31,7159,7161],{"className":33,"code":7160,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7162,7163,7177,7191,7205,7215,7225,7236,7250],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7164,7165,7167,7169,7171,7173,7175],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7166,101],{"class":84},[40,7168,88],{"class":54},[40,7170,3654],{"class":609},[40,7172,88],{"class":54},[40,7174,192],{"class":58},[40,7176,256],{"class":54},[40,7178,7179,7181,7183,7185,7187,7189],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,7180,101],{"class":84},[40,7182,88],{"class":54},[40,7184,3654],{"class":609},[40,7186,88],{"class":54},[40,7188,3555],{"class":58},[40,7190,256],{"class":54},[40,7192,7193,7195,7197,7199,7201,7203],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,7194,101],{"class":84},[40,7196,88],{"class":54},[40,7198,3654],{"class":609},[40,7200,88],{"class":54},[40,7202,6049],{"class":212},[40,7204,256],{"class":54},[40,7206,7207,7209,7211,7213],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,7208,101],{"class":84},[40,7210,88],{"class":54},[40,7212,3654],{"class":609},[40,7214,4211],{"class":54},[40,7216,7217,7219,7221,7223],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,7218,101],{"class":84},[40,7220,88],{"class":54},[40,7222,3654],{"class":609},[40,7224,4269],{"class":54},[40,7226,7227,7229,7231,7233],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,7228,101],{"class":84},[40,7230,88],{"class":54},[40,7232,3654],{"class":609},[40,7234,7235],{"class":54},"({}))\n",[40,7237,7238,7240,7242,7244,7246,7248],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,7239,101],{"class":84},[40,7241,88],{"class":54},[40,7243,3654],{"class":609},[40,7245,88],{"class":54},[40,7247,6064],{"class":609},[40,7249,6067],{"class":54},[40,7251,7252,7254,7256,7258,7260,7262],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,7253,101],{"class":84},[40,7255,88],{"class":54},[40,7257,3654],{"class":609},[40,7259,88],{"class":54},[40,7261,3565],{"class":1494},[40,7263,256],{"class":54},[20,7265,111],{},[31,7267,7269],{"className":33,"code":7268,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7270,7271,7275,7279,7283,7287,7291,7295,7299],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7272,7273],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7274,3824],{"class":1494},[40,7276,7277],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,7278,3824],{"class":1494},[40,7280,7281],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,7282,3824],{"class":1494},[40,7284,7285],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,7286,3824],{"class":1494},[40,7288,7289],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,7290,3824],{"class":1494},[40,7292,7293],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,7294,3824],{"class":1494},[40,7296,7297],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,7298,3824],{"class":1494},[40,7300,7301],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,7302,3824],{"class":1494},[129,7304,7306],{"id":7305},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7308,7309,7310,7312,7313,7117],{},"Many values become ",[15,7311,3391],{},". These are often called ",[183,7314,5372],{},[20,7316,7120],{},[134,7318,7319,7322,7325,7328,7331,7334],{},[137,7320,7321],{},"non-zero numbers",[137,7323,7324],{},"non-empty strings",[137,7326,7327],{},"non-empty lists",[137,7329,7330],{},"non-empty tuples",[137,7332,7333],{},"non-empty sets",[137,7335,7336],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7338,195],{},[31,7340,7342],{"className":33,"code":7341,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7343,7344,7358,7374,7392,7414,7432],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7345,7346,7348,7350,7352,7354,7356],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7347,101],{"class":84},[40,7349,88],{"class":54},[40,7351,3654],{"class":609},[40,7353,88],{"class":54},[40,7355,682],{"class":58},[40,7357,256],{"class":54},[40,7359,7360,7362,7364,7366,7368,7370,7372],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,7361,101],{"class":84},[40,7363,88],{"class":54},[40,7365,3654],{"class":609},[40,7367,88],{"class":54},[40,7369,1806],{"class":50},[40,7371,744],{"class":58},[40,7373,256],{"class":54},[40,7375,7376,7378,7380,7382,7384,7386,7388,7390],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,7377,101],{"class":84},[40,7379,88],{"class":54},[40,7381,3654],{"class":609},[40,7383,88],{"class":54},[40,7385,213],{"class":212},[40,7387,3632],{"class":216},[40,7389,213],{"class":212},[40,7391,256],{"class":54},[40,7393,7394,7396,7398,7400,7402,7404,7406,7408,7410,7412],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,7395,101],{"class":84},[40,7397,88],{"class":54},[40,7399,3654],{"class":609},[40,7401,2771],{"class":54},[40,7403,658],{"class":58},[40,7405,62],{"class":54},[40,7407,663],{"class":58},[40,7409,62],{"class":54},[40,7411,749],{"class":58},[40,7413,2784],{"class":54},[40,7415,7416,7418,7420,7422,7424,7426,7428,7430],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,7417,101],{"class":84},[40,7419,88],{"class":54},[40,7421,3654],{"class":609},[40,7423,5289],{"class":54},[40,7425,658],{"class":58},[40,7427,62],{"class":54},[40,7429,663],{"class":58},[40,7431,2697],{"class":54},[40,7433,7434,7436,7438,7440,7442,7444,7447,7449,7451,7453,7456,7458],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,7435,101],{"class":84},[40,7437,88],{"class":54},[40,7439,3654],{"class":609},[40,7441,5308],{"class":54},[40,7443,213],{"class":212},[40,7445,7446],{"class":216},"name",[40,7448,213],{"class":212},[40,7450,2669],{"class":54},[40,7452,224],{"class":212},[40,7454,7455],{"class":216},"Sam",[40,7457,213],{"class":212},[40,7459,5317],{"class":54},[20,7461,111],{},[31,7463,7465],{"className":33,"code":7464,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7466,7467,7471,7475,7479,7483,7487],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7468,7469],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7470,1495],{"class":1494},[40,7472,7473],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,7474,1495],{"class":1494},[40,7476,7477],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,7478,1495],{"class":1494},[40,7480,7481],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,7482,1495],{"class":1494},[40,7484,7485],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,7486,1495],{"class":1494},[40,7488,7489],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,7490,1495],{"class":1494},[20,7492,7493],{},"One important example is this:",[31,7495,7497],{"className":33,"code":7496,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7498,7499],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7500,7501,7503,7505,7507,7509,7511,7513,7515],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7502,101],{"class":84},[40,7504,88],{"class":54},[40,7506,3654],{"class":609},[40,7508,88],{"class":54},[40,7510,213],{"class":212},[40,7512,3460],{"class":216},[40,7514,213],{"class":212},[40,7516,256],{"class":54},[20,7518,111],{},[31,7520,7521],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,7522,7523],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7524,7525],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7526,1495],{"class":1494},[20,7528,7529,7530,7532,7533,289],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7531,6458],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7534,3391],{},[129,7536,7538],{"id":7537},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7540,7541,7542,7544],{},"You can use ",[15,7543,3600],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[792,7546,7548],{"id":7547},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[31,7550,7552],{"className":33,"code":7551,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7553,7554,7574],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7555,7556,7558,7560,7562,7564,7566,7568,7570,7572],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7557,479],{"class":46},[40,7559,51],{"class":50},[40,7561,55],{"class":54},[40,7563,59],{"class":58},[40,7565,62],{"class":54},[40,7567,65],{"class":58},[40,7569,62],{"class":54},[40,7571,70],{"class":58},[40,7573,73],{"class":54},[40,7575,7576,7578,7580,7582,7584,7586],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,7577,101],{"class":84},[40,7579,88],{"class":54},[40,7581,3654],{"class":609},[40,7583,88],{"class":54},[40,7585,497],{"class":91},[40,7587,256],{"class":54},[20,7589,111],{},[31,7591,7592],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,7593,7594],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7595,7596],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7597,1495],{"class":1494},[20,7599,7600],{},"With an empty list:",[31,7602,7604],{"className":33,"code":7603,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7605,7606,7614],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7607,7608,7610,7612],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7609,479],{"class":46},[40,7611,51],{"class":50},[40,7613,484],{"class":54},[40,7615,7616,7618,7620,7622,7624,7626],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,7617,101],{"class":84},[40,7619,88],{"class":54},[40,7621,3654],{"class":609},[40,7623,88],{"class":54},[40,7625,497],{"class":91},[40,7627,256],{"class":54},[20,7629,111],{},[31,7631,7632],{"className":33,"code":3824,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,7633,7634],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7635,7636],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7637,3824],{"class":1494},[792,7639,7641],{"id":7640},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[31,7643,7645],{"className":33,"code":7644,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7646,7647,7657],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7648,7649,7652,7654],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7650,7651],{"class":46},"name ",[40,7653,51],{"class":50},[40,7655,7656],{"class":212}," \"\"\n",[40,7658,7659,7661,7663,7665,7667,7669],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,7660,101],{"class":84},[40,7662,88],{"class":54},[40,7664,3654],{"class":609},[40,7666,88],{"class":54},[40,7668,7446],{"class":91},[40,7670,256],{"class":54},[20,7672,111],{},[31,7674,7675],{"className":33,"code":3824,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,7676,7677],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7678,7679],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7680,3824],{"class":1494},[31,7682,7684],{"className":33,"code":7683,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7685,7686,7699],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7687,7688,7690,7692,7694,7697],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7689,7651],{"class":46},[40,7691,51],{"class":50},[40,7693,224],{"class":212},[40,7695,7696],{"class":216},"Mia",[40,7698,3146],{"class":212},[40,7700,7701,7703,7705,7707,7709,7711],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,7702,101],{"class":84},[40,7704,88],{"class":54},[40,7706,3654],{"class":609},[40,7708,88],{"class":54},[40,7710,7446],{"class":91},[40,7712,256],{"class":54},[20,7714,111],{},[31,7716,7717],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,7718,7719],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7720,7721],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7722,1495],{"class":1494},[792,7724,7726],{"id":7725},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[31,7728,7730],{"className":33,"code":7729,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7731,7732,7746,7763,7767],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7733,7734,7737,7739,7741,7744],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7735,7736],{"class":46},"username ",[40,7738,51],{"class":50},[40,7740,224],{"class":212},[40,7742,7743],{"class":216},"alex",[40,7745,3146],{"class":212},[40,7747,7748,7751,7753,7756,7758,7761],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,7749,7750],{"class":46},"has_name ",[40,7752,51],{"class":50},[40,7754,7755],{"class":609}," bool",[40,7757,88],{"class":54},[40,7759,7760],{"class":91},"username",[40,7762,95],{"class":54},[40,7764,7765],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,7766,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,7768,7769,7771,7773,7776],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,7770,101],{"class":84},[40,7772,88],{"class":54},[40,7774,7775],{"class":91},"has_name",[40,7777,95],{"class":54},[20,7779,111],{},[31,7781,7782],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,7783,7784],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7785,7786],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7787,1495],{"class":1494},[20,7789,7790,7791,2662,7793,7795],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7792,3391],{},[15,7794,3460],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[792,7797,7799],{"id":7798},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7801,7802],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[31,7804,7806],{"className":33,"code":7805,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7807,7808,7828,7832,7840],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7809,7810,7812,7814,7816,7818,7820,7822,7824,7826],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7811,47],{"class":46},[40,7813,51],{"class":50},[40,7815,55],{"class":54},[40,7817,658],{"class":58},[40,7819,62],{"class":54},[40,7821,663],{"class":58},[40,7823,62],{"class":54},[40,7825,749],{"class":58},[40,7827,73],{"class":54},[40,7829,7830],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,7831,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,7833,7834,7836,7838],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,7835,536],{"class":535},[40,7837,4045],{"class":46},[40,7839,553],{"class":54},[40,7841,7842,7844,7846,7848,7851,7853],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,7843,558],{"class":84},[40,7845,88],{"class":54},[40,7847,213],{"class":212},[40,7849,7850],{"class":216},"The list is not empty",[40,7852,213],{"class":212},[40,7854,95],{"class":54},[20,7856,111],{},[31,7858,7860],{"className":33,"code":7859,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7861,7862],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7863,7864,7866,7868,7870,7873],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7865,606],{"class":46},[40,7867,610],{"class":609},[40,7869,613],{"class":50},[40,7871,7872],{"class":50}," not",[40,7874,616],{"class":46},[20,7876,7877,7878,289],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[282,7879,7881],{"href":7880},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[129,7883,7885],{"id":7884},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7887,7888,7889,7891],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7890,3600],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7893,7894],{},"It does not do that.",[792,7896,7898,398,7901],{"id":7897},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7899,7900],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7902,3391],{},[31,7904,7905],{"className":33,"code":7496,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,7906,7907],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7908,7909,7911,7913,7915,7917,7919,7921,7923],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7910,101],{"class":84},[40,7912,88],{"class":54},[40,7914,3654],{"class":609},[40,7916,88],{"class":54},[40,7918,213],{"class":212},[40,7920,3460],{"class":216},[40,7922,213],{"class":212},[40,7924,256],{"class":54},[20,7926,111],{},[31,7928,7929],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,7930,7931],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7932,7933],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7934,1495],{"class":1494},[792,7936,7938,398,7941],{"id":7937},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7939,7940],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7942,3391],{},[31,7944,7946],{"className":33,"code":7945,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7947,7948],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7949,7950,7952,7954,7956,7958,7960,7962,7964],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7951,101],{"class":84},[40,7953,88],{"class":54},[40,7955,3654],{"class":609},[40,7957,88],{"class":54},[40,7959,213],{"class":212},[40,7961,192],{"class":216},[40,7963,213],{"class":212},[40,7965,256],{"class":54},[20,7967,111],{},[31,7969,7970],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,7971,7972],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,7973,7974],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,7975,1495],{"class":1494},[20,7977,7978,7979,289],{},"This happens because both values are ",[183,7980,7324],{},[20,7982,7983,7985],{},[15,7984,3600],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7987,7988,7989,1680,7994,7996],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[282,7990,7992],{"href":7991},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7993,2743],{},[15,7995,2743],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7998,195],{},[31,8000,8002],{"className":33,"code":8001,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8003,8004,8025],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8005,8006,8009,8011,8014,8016,8018,8021,8023],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8007,8008],{"class":46},"user_value ",[40,8010,51],{"class":50},[40,8012,8013],{"class":84}," input",[40,8015,88],{"class":54},[40,8017,213],{"class":212},[40,8019,8020],{"class":216},"Enter True or False: ",[40,8022,213],{"class":212},[40,8024,95],{"class":54},[40,8026,8027,8029,8031,8033,8035,8038],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,8028,101],{"class":84},[40,8030,88],{"class":54},[40,8032,3654],{"class":609},[40,8034,88],{"class":54},[40,8036,8037],{"class":91},"user_value",[40,8039,256],{"class":54},[20,8041,8042,8043,8045,8046,1680,8048,8050],{},"If the user types ",[15,8044,3460],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8047,3391],{},[15,8049,6458],{}," is not empty.",[129,8052,8054],{"id":8053},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8056,8057,8058,8060,8061,8063],{},"In many ",[15,8059,536],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8062,3600],{}," yourself.",[20,8065,8066],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8068,8069],{},"Instead of this:",[31,8071,8073],{"className":33,"code":8072,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8074,8075,8096,8100,8113],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8076,8077,8080,8082,8084,8086,8088,8090,8092,8094],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8078,8079],{"class":46},"my_list ",[40,8081,51],{"class":50},[40,8083,55],{"class":54},[40,8085,658],{"class":58},[40,8087,62],{"class":54},[40,8089,663],{"class":58},[40,8091,62],{"class":54},[40,8093,749],{"class":58},[40,8095,73],{"class":54},[40,8097,8098],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,8099,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,8101,8102,8104,8106,8108,8110],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,8103,536],{"class":535},[40,8105,7755],{"class":609},[40,8107,88],{"class":54},[40,8109,1272],{"class":91},[40,8111,8112],{"class":54},"):\n",[40,8114,8115,8117,8119,8121,8124,8126],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,8116,558],{"class":84},[40,8118,88],{"class":54},[40,8120,213],{"class":212},[40,8122,8123],{"class":216},"List has items",[40,8125,213],{"class":212},[40,8127,95],{"class":54},[20,8129,8130],{},"You can simply write:",[31,8132,8134],{"className":33,"code":8133,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8135,8136,8156,8160,8169],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8137,8138,8140,8142,8144,8146,8148,8150,8152,8154],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8139,8079],{"class":46},[40,8141,51],{"class":50},[40,8143,55],{"class":54},[40,8145,658],{"class":58},[40,8147,62],{"class":54},[40,8149,663],{"class":58},[40,8151,62],{"class":54},[40,8153,749],{"class":58},[40,8155,73],{"class":54},[40,8157,8158],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,8159,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,8161,8162,8164,8167],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,8163,536],{"class":535},[40,8165,8166],{"class":46}," my_list",[40,8168,553],{"class":54},[40,8170,8171,8173,8175,8177,8179,8181],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,8172,558],{"class":84},[40,8174,88],{"class":54},[40,8176,213],{"class":212},[40,8178,8123],{"class":216},[40,8180,213],{"class":212},[40,8182,95],{"class":54},[20,8184,8185],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8187,795,8188,8190],{},[15,8189,3600],{}," is still helpful when:",[134,8192,8193,8196,8204],{},[137,8194,8195],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[137,8197,8198,8199,2662,8201,8203],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8200,3391],{},[15,8202,3460],{}," value",[137,8205,8206],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8208,8209,8210,289],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[282,8211,8212],{"href":2083},"Python type() function explained",[129,8214,2613],{"id":2612},[20,8216,8217,8218,289],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8219,3600],{},[792,8221,8223,8224,8226,8227],{"id":8222},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8225,7900],{}," to return ",[15,8228,3460],{},[20,8230,8231],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[31,8233,8234],{"className":33,"code":7496,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,8235,8236],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8237,8238,8240,8242,8244,8246,8248,8250,8252],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8239,101],{"class":84},[40,8241,88],{"class":54},[40,8243,3654],{"class":609},[40,8245,88],{"class":54},[40,8247,213],{"class":212},[40,8249,3460],{"class":216},[40,8251,213],{"class":212},[40,8253,256],{"class":54},[20,8255,111],{},[31,8257,8258],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,8259,8260],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8261,8262],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8263,1495],{"class":1494},[20,8265,1152,8266,6459],{},[15,8267,6458],{},[20,8269,8270],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[31,8272,8274],{"className":33,"code":8273,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8275,8276,8288],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8277,8278,8280,8282,8284,8286],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8279,2230],{"class":46},[40,8281,51],{"class":50},[40,8283,224],{"class":212},[40,8285,3460],{"class":216},[40,8287,3146],{"class":212},[40,8289,8290,8292,8294,8296,8298,8300,8302,8304],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,8291,101],{"class":84},[40,8293,88],{"class":54},[40,8295,2230],{"class":91},[40,8297,4470],{"class":50},[40,8299,224],{"class":212},[40,8301,3391],{"class":216},[40,8303,213],{"class":212},[40,8305,95],{"class":54},[20,8307,111],{},[31,8309,8310],{"className":33,"code":3824,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,8311,8312],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8313,8314],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8315,3824],{"class":1494},[792,8317,8319],{"id":8318},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8321,8322,8324],{},[15,8323,2743],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[31,8326,8328],{"className":33,"code":8327,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8329,8330,8349],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8331,8332,8334,8336,8338,8340,8342,8345,8347],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8333,2230],{"class":46},[40,8335,51],{"class":50},[40,8337,8013],{"class":84},[40,8339,88],{"class":54},[40,8341,213],{"class":212},[40,8343,8344],{"class":216},"Enter yes or no: ",[40,8346,213],{"class":212},[40,8348,95],{"class":54},[40,8350,8351,8353,8355,8357,8359,8361],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,8352,101],{"class":84},[40,8354,88],{"class":54},[40,8356,3654],{"class":609},[40,8358,88],{"class":54},[40,8360,2255],{"class":91},[40,8362,256],{"class":54},[20,8364,8042,8365,8368,8369,8371,8372,8050],{},[15,8366,8367],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8370,3391],{}," because ",[15,8373,8374],{},"\"no\"",[20,8376,8377],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[31,8379,8381],{"className":33,"code":8380,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8382,8383,8414],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8384,8385,8387,8389,8391,8393,8395,8397,8399,8402,8405,8408,8411],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8386,2230],{"class":46},[40,8388,51],{"class":50},[40,8390,8013],{"class":84},[40,8392,88],{"class":54},[40,8394,213],{"class":212},[40,8396,8344],{"class":216},[40,8398,213],{"class":212},[40,8400,8401],{"class":54},").",[40,8403,8404],{"class":91},"strip",[40,8406,8407],{"class":54},"().",[40,8409,8410],{"class":91},"lower",[40,8412,8413],{"class":54},"()\n",[40,8415,8416,8418,8420,8422,8424,8426,8429,8431],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,8417,101],{"class":84},[40,8419,88],{"class":54},[40,8421,2230],{"class":91},[40,8423,4470],{"class":50},[40,8425,224],{"class":212},[40,8427,8428],{"class":216},"yes",[40,8430,213],{"class":212},[40,8432,95],{"class":54},[20,8434,8435,8436,8438,8439,289],{},"This gives ",[15,8437,3391],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8440,8428],{},[792,8442,8444],{"id":8443},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8446,8447],{},"These are different:",[134,8449,8450,8454,8458,8462,8466],{},[137,8451,8452],{},[15,8453,3460],{},[137,8455,8456],{},[15,8457,192],{},[137,8459,8460],{},[15,8461,6049],{},[137,8463,8464],{},[15,8465,3574],{},[137,8467,8468],{},[15,8469,3565],{},[20,8471,8472,8473,8475,8476,8478],{},"They all become ",[15,8474,3460],{}," with ",[15,8477,3600],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8480,8481],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[31,8483,8485],{"className":33,"code":8484,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8486,8487,8495,8509],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8488,8489,8491,8493],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8490,2230],{"class":46},[40,8492,51],{"class":50},[40,8494,484],{"class":54},[40,8496,8497,8499,8501,8503,8505,8507],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,8498,101],{"class":84},[40,8500,88],{"class":54},[40,8502,1297],{"class":609},[40,8504,88],{"class":54},[40,8506,2255],{"class":91},[40,8508,256],{"class":54},[40,8510,8511,8513,8515,8517,8519,8521],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,8512,101],{"class":84},[40,8514,88],{"class":54},[40,8516,3654],{"class":609},[40,8518,88],{"class":54},[40,8520,2255],{"class":91},[40,8522,256],{"class":54},[20,8524,111],{},[31,8526,8528],{"className":33,"code":8527,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8529,8530,8544],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8531,8532,8534,8536,8538,8540,8542],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8533,3076],{"class":50},[40,8535,3079],{"class":1848},[40,8537,3082],{"class":212},[40,8539,610],{"class":216},[40,8541,3087],{"class":212},[40,8543,3090],{"class":50},[40,8545,8546],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,8547,3824],{"class":1494},[792,8549,795,8551,8553],{"id":8550},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8552,3579],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8555,8556,8557,8559],{},"In Python, ",[15,8558,3579],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[31,8561,8563],{"className":33,"code":8562,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8564,8565],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8566,8567,8569,8571,8573],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8568,101],{"class":84},[40,8570,88],{"class":54},[40,8572,1297],{"class":609},[40,8574,7235],{"class":54},[20,8576,111],{},[31,8578,8580],{"className":33,"code":8579,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8581,8582],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8583,8584,8586,8588,8590,8593,8595],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8585,3076],{"class":50},[40,8587,3079],{"class":1848},[40,8589,3082],{"class":212},[40,8591,8592],{"class":216},"dict",[40,8594,3087],{"class":212},[40,8596,3090],{"class":50},[20,8598,8599],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[31,8601,8603],{"className":33,"code":8602,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8604,8605],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8606,8607,8609,8611,8613,8615,8617],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8608,101],{"class":84},[40,8610,88],{"class":54},[40,8612,1297],{"class":609},[40,8614,88],{"class":54},[40,8616,6064],{"class":609},[40,8618,6067],{"class":54},[20,8620,111],{},[31,8622,8624],{"className":33,"code":8623,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8625,8626],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8627,8628,8630,8632,8634,8636,8638],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8629,3076],{"class":50},[40,8631,3079],{"class":1848},[40,8633,3082],{"class":212},[40,8635,6064],{"class":216},[40,8637,3087],{"class":212},[40,8639,3090],{"class":50},[129,8641,8643],{"id":8642},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8645,8646,8647,8649],{},"If ",[15,8648,3600],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[31,8651,8653],{"className":33,"code":8652,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8654,8655,8669,8683,8693,8711],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8656,8657,8659,8661,8663,8665,8667],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8658,101],{"class":84},[40,8660,88],{"class":54},[40,8662,3654],{"class":609},[40,8664,88],{"class":54},[40,8666,2255],{"class":91},[40,8668,256],{"class":54},[40,8670,8671,8673,8675,8677,8679,8681],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,8672,101],{"class":84},[40,8674,88],{"class":54},[40,8676,1297],{"class":609},[40,8678,88],{"class":54},[40,8680,2255],{"class":91},[40,8682,256],{"class":54},[40,8684,8685,8687,8689,8691],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,8686,101],{"class":84},[40,8688,88],{"class":54},[40,8690,2255],{"class":91},[40,8692,95],{"class":54},[40,8694,8695,8697,8699,8701,8703,8705,8707,8709],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,8696,101],{"class":84},[40,8698,88],{"class":54},[40,8700,2230],{"class":91},[40,8702,4470],{"class":50},[40,8704,224],{"class":212},[40,8706,3391],{"class":216},[40,8708,213],{"class":212},[40,8710,95],{"class":54},[40,8712,8713,8715,8717,8719,8721,8723,8725,8727],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,8714,101],{"class":84},[40,8716,88],{"class":54},[40,8718,2255],{"class":91},[40,8720,289],{"class":54},[40,8722,8404],{"class":91},[40,8724,8407],{"class":54},[40,8726,8410],{"class":91},[40,8728,847],{"class":54},[20,8730,8731],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[134,8733,8734,8737,8740,8743],{},[137,8735,8736],{},"what the value really is",[137,8738,8739],{},"whether it is a string",[137,8741,8742],{},"whether it contains spaces",[137,8744,8745],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8747,8748,8749,289],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[282,8750,8752],{"href":8751},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[129,8754,1636],{"id":1635},[792,8756,8758],{"id":8757},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8760,8761,8762,2662,8764,289],{},"It returns either ",[15,8763,3391],{},[15,8765,3460],{},[792,8767,8769],{"id":8768},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8771,1657,8772,289],{},[15,8773,3460],{},[792,8775,8777],{"id":8776},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8779,8780,8781,289],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8782,3391],{},[792,8784,8786],{"id":8785},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8788,8789,8790,289],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8791,3460],{},[792,8793,8795],{"id":8794},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8797,8798,8799,2662,8801,3524],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8800,3391],{},[15,8802,3460],{},[129,8804,1687],{"id":1686},[134,8806,8807,8812,8816,8821,8825,8830],{},[137,8808,8809],{},[282,8810,8811],{"href":5556},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[137,8813,8814],{},[282,8815,7881],{"href":7880},[137,8817,8818],{},[282,8819,8820],{"href":7991},"Python input() function explained",[137,8822,8823],{},[282,8824,8212],{"href":2083},[137,8826,8827],{},[282,8828,8829],{"href":8751},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[137,8831,8832],{},[282,8833,8834],{"href":6987},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1715,8836,8837],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":8839},[8840,8841,8842,8843,8844,8845,8851,8857,8858,8866,8867,8874],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":6925,"depth":76,"text":6926},{"id":6991,"depth":76,"text":6992},{"id":7110,"depth":76,"text":7111},{"id":7305,"depth":76,"text":7306},{"id":7537,"depth":76,"text":7538,"children":8846},[8847,8848,8849,8850],{"id":7547,"depth":98,"text":7548},{"id":7640,"depth":98,"text":7641},{"id":7725,"depth":98,"text":7726},{"id":7798,"depth":98,"text":7799},{"id":7884,"depth":76,"text":7885,"children":8852},[8853,8855],{"id":7897,"depth":98,"text":8854},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7937,"depth":98,"text":8856},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8053,"depth":76,"text":8054},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":8859},[8860,8862,8863,8864],{"id":8222,"depth":98,"text":8861},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8318,"depth":98,"text":8319},{"id":8443,"depth":98,"text":8444},{"id":8550,"depth":98,"text":8865},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8642,"depth":76,"text":8643},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":8868},[8869,8870,8871,8872,8873],{"id":8757,"depth":98,"text":8758},{"id":8768,"depth":98,"text":8769},{"id":8776,"depth":98,"text":8777},{"id":8785,"depth":98,"text":8786},{"id":8794,"depth":98,"text":8795},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6753,"description":8875},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8882,"title":8883,"body":8884,"description":11073,"extension":1746,"meta":11074,"navigation":360,"path":11075,"seo":11076,"stem":11077,"__hash__":11078},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8885,"toc":11035},[8886,8892,8898,8905,8910,8921,8928,9035,9039,9108,9113,9118,9123,9126,9137,9142,9144,9155,9162,9164,9169,9173,9198,9202,9211,9215,9278,9282,9315,9319,9364,9368,9405,9409,9412,9468,9472,9517,9520,9525,9564,9568,9591,9594,9608,9621,9625,9630,9697,9701,9737,9740,9748,9751,9815,9819,9851,9857,9859,9919,9926,9929,10007,10011,10044,10048,10051,10095,10099,10135,10138,10155,10158,10161,10214,10217,10228,10235,10244,10247,10305,10309,10350,10358,10366,10372,10380,10392,10397,10408,10480,10483,10495,10511,10515,10520,10524,10526,10569,10575,10578,10641,10645,10648,10657,10662,10699,10703,10706,10714,10717,10756,10760,10763,10814,10818,10839,10846,10848,10854,10880,10883,10937,10940,10951,10953,10960,10968,10974,10979,10986,10989,10996,11003,11005,11032],[10,8887,285,8889,3366],{"id":8888},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8890,8891],{},"dict()",[20,8893,8894,8895,8897],{},"The built-in ",[15,8896,8891],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8899,8900,8901,8904],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[183,8902,8903],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8906,8907,8909],{},[15,8908,8891],{}," is commonly used to:",[134,8911,8912,8915,8918],{},[137,8913,8914],{},"create an empty dictionary",[137,8916,8917],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[137,8919,8920],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8922,8923,8924,289],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[282,8925,8927],{"href":8926},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[31,8929,8931],{"className":33,"code":8930,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8932,8933,8967,8977,8981,9020],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,8934,8935,8937,8939,8942,8944,8947,8949,8951,8953,8955,8957,8960,8962,8965],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,8936,650],{"class":46},[40,8938,51],{"class":50},[40,8940,8941],{"class":609}," dict",[40,8943,88],{"class":54},[40,8945,7446],{"class":8946},"s99_P",[40,8948,51],{"class":50},[40,8950,3087],{"class":212},[40,8952,4783],{"class":216},[40,8954,3087],{"class":212},[40,8956,62],{"class":54},[40,8958,8959],{"class":8946}," age",[40,8961,51],{"class":50},[40,8963,8964],{"class":58},"25",[40,8966,95],{"class":54},[40,8968,8969,8971,8973,8975],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,8970,101],{"class":84},[40,8972,88],{"class":54},[40,8974,703],{"class":91},[40,8976,95],{"class":54},[40,8978,8979],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,8980,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,8982,8983,8986,8988,8991,8993,8995,8997,8999,9001,9004,9007,9009,9011,9013,9015,9017],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,8984,8985],{"class":46},"pairs ",[40,8987,51],{"class":50},[40,8989,8990],{"class":54}," [(",[40,8992,3087],{"class":212},[40,8994,282],{"class":216},[40,8996,3087],{"class":212},[40,8998,62],{"class":54},[40,9000,1226],{"class":58},[40,9002,9003],{"class":54},"),",[40,9005,9006],{"class":54}," (",[40,9008,3087],{"class":212},[40,9010,1017],{"class":216},[40,9012,3087],{"class":212},[40,9014,62],{"class":54},[40,9016,663],{"class":58},[40,9018,9019],{"class":54},")]\n",[40,9021,9022,9024,9026,9028,9030,9033],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,9023,101],{"class":84},[40,9025,88],{"class":54},[40,9027,8592],{"class":609},[40,9029,88],{"class":54},[40,9031,9032],{"class":91},"pairs",[40,9034,256],{"class":54},[20,9036,9037],{},[183,9038,111],{},[31,9040,9042],{"className":33,"code":9041,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9043,9044,9080],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9045,9046,9049,9051,9053,9055,9057,9059,9061,9063,9065,9067,9070,9072,9074,9077],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9047,9048],{"class":54},"{",[40,9050,3087],{"class":212},[40,9052,7446],{"class":216},[40,9054,3087],{"class":212},[40,9056,2669],{"class":54},[40,9058,3082],{"class":212},[40,9060,4783],{"class":216},[40,9062,3087],{"class":212},[40,9064,62],{"class":54},[40,9066,3082],{"class":212},[40,9068,9069],{"class":216},"age",[40,9071,3087],{"class":212},[40,9073,2669],{"class":54},[40,9075,9076],{"class":58}," 25",[40,9078,9079],{"class":54},"}\n",[40,9081,9082,9084,9086,9088,9090,9092,9094,9096,9098,9100,9102,9104,9106],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,9083,9048],{"class":54},[40,9085,3087],{"class":212},[40,9087,282],{"class":216},[40,9089,3087],{"class":212},[40,9091,2669],{"class":54},[40,9093,1226],{"class":58},[40,9095,62],{"class":54},[40,9097,3082],{"class":212},[40,9099,1017],{"class":216},[40,9101,3087],{"class":212},[40,9103,2669],{"class":54},[40,9105,663],{"class":58},[40,9107,9079],{"class":54},[20,9109,123,9110,9112],{},[15,9111,8891],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[129,9114,158,9116,3466],{"id":9115},"what-dict-does",[15,9117,8891],{},[20,9119,9120,9122],{},[15,9121,8891],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9124,9125],{},"A dictionary:",[134,9127,9128,9131,9134],{},[137,9129,9130],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[137,9132,9133],{},"lets you look up values by key",[137,9135,9136],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9138,9139,9141],{},[15,9140,8891],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9143,1357],{},[134,9145,9146,9149,9152],{},[137,9147,9148],{},"making an empty dictionary",[137,9150,9151],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[137,9153,9154],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9156,9157,9158,289],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[282,9159,9161],{"href":9160},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[129,9163,1940],{"id":1939},[20,9165,9166,9168],{},[15,9167,8891],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[792,9170,9172],{"id":9171},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[31,9174,9176],{"className":33,"code":9175,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9177,9178,9188],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9179,9180,9182,9184,9186],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9181,650],{"class":46},[40,9183,51],{"class":50},[40,9185,8941],{"class":609},[40,9187,8413],{"class":54},[40,9189,9190,9192,9194,9196],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,9191,101],{"class":84},[40,9193,88],{"class":54},[40,9195,703],{"class":91},[40,9197,95],{"class":54},[20,9199,9200],{},[183,9201,111],{},[31,9203,9205],{"className":33,"code":9204,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{}\n",[15,9206,9207],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9208,9209],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9210,9204],{"class":54},[792,9212,9214],{"id":9213},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[31,9216,9218],{"className":33,"code":9217,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9219,9220,9254,9268],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9221,9222,9224,9226,9228,9230,9232,9234,9236,9238,9240,9242,9244,9246,9248,9250,9252],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9223,8985],{"class":46},[40,9225,51],{"class":50},[40,9227,8990],{"class":54},[40,9229,3087],{"class":212},[40,9231,282],{"class":216},[40,9233,3087],{"class":212},[40,9235,62],{"class":54},[40,9237,1226],{"class":58},[40,9239,9003],{"class":54},[40,9241,9006],{"class":54},[40,9243,3087],{"class":212},[40,9245,1017],{"class":216},[40,9247,3087],{"class":212},[40,9249,62],{"class":54},[40,9251,663],{"class":58},[40,9253,9019],{"class":54},[40,9255,9256,9258,9260,9262,9264,9266],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,9257,650],{"class":46},[40,9259,51],{"class":50},[40,9261,8941],{"class":609},[40,9263,88],{"class":54},[40,9265,9032],{"class":91},[40,9267,95],{"class":54},[40,9269,9270,9272,9274,9276],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,9271,101],{"class":84},[40,9273,88],{"class":54},[40,9275,703],{"class":91},[40,9277,95],{"class":54},[20,9279,9280],{},[183,9281,111],{},[31,9283,9285],{"className":33,"code":9284,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9286,9287],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9288,9289,9291,9293,9295,9297,9299,9301,9303,9305,9307,9309,9311,9313],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9290,9048],{"class":54},[40,9292,3087],{"class":212},[40,9294,282],{"class":216},[40,9296,3087],{"class":212},[40,9298,2669],{"class":54},[40,9300,1226],{"class":58},[40,9302,62],{"class":54},[40,9304,3082],{"class":212},[40,9306,1017],{"class":216},[40,9308,3087],{"class":212},[40,9310,2669],{"class":54},[40,9312,663],{"class":58},[40,9314,9079],{"class":54},[792,9316,9318],{"id":9317},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[31,9320,9322],{"className":33,"code":9321,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9323,9324,9354],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9325,9326,9328,9330,9332,9334,9336,9338,9340,9342,9344,9346,9348,9350,9352],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9327,650],{"class":46},[40,9329,51],{"class":50},[40,9331,8941],{"class":609},[40,9333,88],{"class":54},[40,9335,7446],{"class":8946},[40,9337,51],{"class":50},[40,9339,3087],{"class":212},[40,9341,4783],{"class":216},[40,9343,3087],{"class":212},[40,9345,62],{"class":54},[40,9347,8959],{"class":8946},[40,9349,51],{"class":50},[40,9351,8964],{"class":58},[40,9353,95],{"class":54},[40,9355,9356,9358,9360,9362],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,9357,101],{"class":84},[40,9359,88],{"class":54},[40,9361,703],{"class":91},[40,9363,95],{"class":54},[20,9365,9366],{},[183,9367,111],{},[31,9369,9371],{"className":33,"code":9370,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9372,9373],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9374,9375,9377,9379,9381,9383,9385,9387,9389,9391,9393,9395,9397,9399,9401,9403],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9376,9048],{"class":54},[40,9378,3087],{"class":212},[40,9380,7446],{"class":216},[40,9382,3087],{"class":212},[40,9384,2669],{"class":54},[40,9386,3082],{"class":212},[40,9388,4783],{"class":216},[40,9390,3087],{"class":212},[40,9392,62],{"class":54},[40,9394,3082],{"class":212},[40,9396,9069],{"class":216},[40,9398,3087],{"class":212},[40,9400,2669],{"class":54},[40,9402,9076],{"class":58},[40,9404,9079],{"class":54},[792,9406,9408],{"id":9407},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9410,9411],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[31,9413,9415],{"className":33,"code":9414,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9416,9417,9458],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9418,9419,9421,9423,9425,9428,9430,9432,9434,9436,9438,9441,9443,9445,9447,9449,9452,9454,9456],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9420,650],{"class":46},[40,9422,51],{"class":50},[40,9424,8941],{"class":609},[40,9426,9427],{"class":54},"([(",[40,9429,3087],{"class":212},[40,9431,282],{"class":216},[40,9433,3087],{"class":212},[40,9435,62],{"class":54},[40,9437,1226],{"class":58},[40,9439,9440],{"class":54},")],",[40,9442,2342],{"class":8946},[40,9444,51],{"class":50},[40,9446,744],{"class":58},[40,9448,62],{"class":54},[40,9450,9451],{"class":8946}," c",[40,9453,51],{"class":50},[40,9455,401],{"class":58},[40,9457,95],{"class":54},[40,9459,9460,9462,9464,9466],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,9461,101],{"class":84},[40,9463,88],{"class":54},[40,9465,703],{"class":91},[40,9467,95],{"class":54},[20,9469,9470],{},[183,9471,111],{},[31,9473,9475],{"className":33,"code":9474,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9476,9477],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9478,9479,9481,9483,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9497,9499,9501,9503,9505,9507,9509,9511,9513,9515],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9480,9048],{"class":54},[40,9482,3087],{"class":212},[40,9484,282],{"class":216},[40,9486,3087],{"class":212},[40,9488,2669],{"class":54},[40,9490,1226],{"class":58},[40,9492,62],{"class":54},[40,9494,3082],{"class":212},[40,9496,1017],{"class":216},[40,9498,3087],{"class":212},[40,9500,2669],{"class":54},[40,9502,663],{"class":58},[40,9504,62],{"class":54},[40,9506,3082],{"class":212},[40,9508,1026],{"class":216},[40,9510,3087],{"class":212},[40,9512,2669],{"class":54},[40,9514,749],{"class":58},[40,9516,9079],{"class":54},[129,9518,9172],{"id":9519},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9521,123,9522,9524],{},[15,9523,8891],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[31,9526,9528],{"className":33,"code":9527,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9529,9530,9540,9554],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9531,9532,9534,9536,9538],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9533,650],{"class":46},[40,9535,51],{"class":50},[40,9537,8941],{"class":609},[40,9539,8413],{"class":54},[40,9541,9542,9544,9546,9548,9550,9552],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,9543,101],{"class":84},[40,9545,88],{"class":54},[40,9547,1297],{"class":609},[40,9549,88],{"class":54},[40,9551,703],{"class":91},[40,9553,256],{"class":54},[40,9555,9556,9558,9560,9562],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,9557,101],{"class":84},[40,9559,88],{"class":54},[40,9561,703],{"class":91},[40,9563,95],{"class":54},[20,9565,9566],{},[183,9567,111],{},[31,9569,9571],{"className":33,"code":9570,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9572,9573,9587],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9574,9575,9577,9579,9581,9583,9585],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9576,3076],{"class":50},[40,9578,3079],{"class":1848},[40,9580,3082],{"class":212},[40,9582,8592],{"class":216},[40,9584,3087],{"class":212},[40,9586,3090],{"class":50},[40,9588,9589],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,9590,9204],{"class":54},[20,9592,9593],{},"This gives the same result as:",[31,9595,9597],{"className":33,"code":9596,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {}\n",[15,9598,9599],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9600,9601,9603,9605],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9602,650],{"class":46},[40,9604,51],{"class":50},[40,9606,9607],{"class":54}," {}\n",[20,9609,9610,9611,9613,9614,9617,9618,9620],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9612,3579],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9615,9616],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9619,8891],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[129,9622,9624],{"id":9623},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9626,9627,9628,289],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9629,8891],{},[31,9631,9633],{"className":33,"code":9632,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9634,9635,9673,9687],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9636,9637,9639,9641,9643,9645,9647,9649,9651,9653,9655,9657,9659,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669,9671],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9638,8985],{"class":46},[40,9640,51],{"class":50},[40,9642,8990],{"class":54},[40,9644,3087],{"class":212},[40,9646,7446],{"class":216},[40,9648,3087],{"class":212},[40,9650,62],{"class":54},[40,9652,3082],{"class":212},[40,9654,4783],{"class":216},[40,9656,3087],{"class":212},[40,9658,9003],{"class":54},[40,9660,9006],{"class":54},[40,9662,3087],{"class":212},[40,9664,9069],{"class":216},[40,9666,3087],{"class":212},[40,9668,62],{"class":54},[40,9670,9076],{"class":58},[40,9672,9019],{"class":54},[40,9674,9675,9677,9679,9681,9683,9685],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,9676,650],{"class":46},[40,9678,51],{"class":50},[40,9680,8941],{"class":609},[40,9682,88],{"class":54},[40,9684,9032],{"class":91},[40,9686,95],{"class":54},[40,9688,9689,9691,9693,9695],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,9690,101],{"class":84},[40,9692,88],{"class":54},[40,9694,703],{"class":91},[40,9696,95],{"class":54},[20,9698,9699],{},[183,9700,111],{},[31,9702,9703],{"className":33,"code":9370,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,9704,9705],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9706,9707,9709,9711,9713,9715,9717,9719,9721,9723,9725,9727,9729,9731,9733,9735],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9708,9048],{"class":54},[40,9710,3087],{"class":212},[40,9712,7446],{"class":216},[40,9714,3087],{"class":212},[40,9716,2669],{"class":54},[40,9718,3082],{"class":212},[40,9720,4783],{"class":216},[40,9722,3087],{"class":212},[40,9724,62],{"class":54},[40,9726,3082],{"class":212},[40,9728,9069],{"class":216},[40,9730,3087],{"class":212},[40,9732,2669],{"class":54},[40,9734,9076],{"class":58},[40,9736,9079],{"class":54},[20,9738,9739],{},"Each pair becomes:",[134,9741,9742,9745],{},[137,9743,9744],{},"the first item as the key",[137,9746,9747],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9749,9750],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[31,9752,9754],{"className":33,"code":9753,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9755,9756,9791,9805],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9757,9758,9760,9762,9765,9767,9769,9771,9773,9775,9777,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9759,8985],{"class":46},[40,9761,51],{"class":50},[40,9763,9764],{"class":54}," ((",[40,9766,3087],{"class":212},[40,9768,282],{"class":216},[40,9770,3087],{"class":212},[40,9772,62],{"class":54},[40,9774,1226],{"class":58},[40,9776,9003],{"class":54},[40,9778,9006],{"class":54},[40,9780,3087],{"class":212},[40,9782,1017],{"class":216},[40,9784,3087],{"class":212},[40,9786,62],{"class":54},[40,9788,663],{"class":58},[40,9790,256],{"class":54},[40,9792,9793,9795,9797,9799,9801,9803],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,9794,650],{"class":46},[40,9796,51],{"class":50},[40,9798,8941],{"class":609},[40,9800,88],{"class":54},[40,9802,9032],{"class":91},[40,9804,95],{"class":54},[40,9806,9807,9809,9811,9813],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,9808,101],{"class":84},[40,9810,88],{"class":54},[40,9812,703],{"class":91},[40,9814,95],{"class":54},[20,9816,9817],{},[183,9818,111],{},[31,9820,9821],{"className":33,"code":9284,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,9822,9823],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9824,9825,9827,9829,9831,9833,9835,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847,9849],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9826,9048],{"class":54},[40,9828,3087],{"class":212},[40,9830,282],{"class":216},[40,9832,3087],{"class":212},[40,9834,2669],{"class":54},[40,9836,1226],{"class":58},[40,9838,62],{"class":54},[40,9840,3082],{"class":212},[40,9842,1017],{"class":216},[40,9844,3087],{"class":212},[40,9846,2669],{"class":54},[40,9848,663],{"class":58},[40,9850,9079],{"class":54},[20,9852,9853,9854,289],{},"Each item must contain ",[183,9855,9856],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9858,2620],{},[31,9860,9862],{"className":33,"code":9861,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9863,9864,9904],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9865,9866,9869,9871,9873,9875,9877,9879,9881,9883,9885,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9867,9868],{"class":46},"bad_data ",[40,9870,51],{"class":50},[40,9872,8990],{"class":54},[40,9874,3087],{"class":212},[40,9876,282],{"class":216},[40,9878,3087],{"class":212},[40,9880,62],{"class":54},[40,9882,1226],{"class":58},[40,9884,62],{"class":54},[40,9886,9887],{"class":58}," 100",[40,9889,9003],{"class":54},[40,9891,9006],{"class":54},[40,9893,3087],{"class":212},[40,9895,1017],{"class":216},[40,9897,3087],{"class":212},[40,9899,62],{"class":54},[40,9901,663],{"class":58},[40,9903,9019],{"class":54},[40,9905,9906,9908,9910,9912,9914,9917],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,9907,2013],{"class":46},[40,9909,51],{"class":50},[40,9911,8941],{"class":609},[40,9913,88],{"class":54},[40,9915,9916],{"class":91},"bad_data",[40,9918,95],{"class":54},[20,9920,9921,9922,9925],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9923,9924],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9927,9928],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[31,9930,9932],{"className":33,"code":9931,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9933,9934,9983,9997],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,9935,9936,9938,9940,9942,9944,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964,9967,9969,9971,9973,9975,9977,9979,9981],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,9937,8985],{"class":46},[40,9939,51],{"class":50},[40,9941,8990],{"class":54},[40,9943,3087],{"class":212},[40,9945,282],{"class":216},[40,9947,3087],{"class":212},[40,9949,62],{"class":54},[40,9951,1226],{"class":58},[40,9953,9003],{"class":54},[40,9955,9006],{"class":54},[40,9957,3087],{"class":212},[40,9959,282],{"class":216},[40,9961,3087],{"class":212},[40,9963,62],{"class":54},[40,9965,9966],{"class":58}," 99",[40,9968,9003],{"class":54},[40,9970,9006],{"class":54},[40,9972,3087],{"class":212},[40,9974,1017],{"class":216},[40,9976,3087],{"class":212},[40,9978,62],{"class":54},[40,9980,663],{"class":58},[40,9982,9019],{"class":54},[40,9984,9985,9987,9989,9991,9993,9995],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,9986,650],{"class":46},[40,9988,51],{"class":50},[40,9990,8941],{"class":609},[40,9992,88],{"class":54},[40,9994,9032],{"class":91},[40,9996,95],{"class":54},[40,9998,9999,10001,10003,10005],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,10000,101],{"class":84},[40,10002,88],{"class":54},[40,10004,703],{"class":91},[40,10006,95],{"class":54},[20,10008,10009],{},[183,10010,111],{},[31,10012,10014],{"className":33,"code":10013,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10015,10016],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10017,10018,10020,10022,10024,10026,10028,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040,10042],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10019,9048],{"class":54},[40,10021,3087],{"class":212},[40,10023,282],{"class":216},[40,10025,3087],{"class":212},[40,10027,2669],{"class":54},[40,10029,9966],{"class":58},[40,10031,62],{"class":54},[40,10033,3082],{"class":212},[40,10035,1017],{"class":216},[40,10037,3087],{"class":212},[40,10039,2669],{"class":54},[40,10041,663],{"class":58},[40,10043,9079],{"class":54},[129,10045,10047],{"id":10046},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10049,10050],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[31,10052,10053],{"className":33,"code":9321,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,10054,10055,10085],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10056,10057,10059,10061,10063,10065,10067,10069,10071,10073,10075,10077,10079,10081,10083],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10058,650],{"class":46},[40,10060,51],{"class":50},[40,10062,8941],{"class":609},[40,10064,88],{"class":54},[40,10066,7446],{"class":8946},[40,10068,51],{"class":50},[40,10070,3087],{"class":212},[40,10072,4783],{"class":216},[40,10074,3087],{"class":212},[40,10076,62],{"class":54},[40,10078,8959],{"class":8946},[40,10080,51],{"class":50},[40,10082,8964],{"class":58},[40,10084,95],{"class":54},[40,10086,10087,10089,10091,10093],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,10088,101],{"class":84},[40,10090,88],{"class":54},[40,10092,703],{"class":91},[40,10094,95],{"class":54},[20,10096,10097],{},[183,10098,111],{},[31,10100,10101],{"className":33,"code":9370,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,10102,10103],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10104,10105,10107,10109,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10106,9048],{"class":54},[40,10108,3087],{"class":212},[40,10110,7446],{"class":216},[40,10112,3087],{"class":212},[40,10114,2669],{"class":54},[40,10116,3082],{"class":212},[40,10118,4783],{"class":216},[40,10120,3087],{"class":212},[40,10122,62],{"class":54},[40,10124,3082],{"class":212},[40,10126,9069],{"class":216},[40,10128,3087],{"class":212},[40,10130,2669],{"class":54},[40,10132,9076],{"class":58},[40,10134,9079],{"class":54},[20,10136,10137],{},"In this form:",[134,10139,10140,10148],{},[137,10141,10142,10144,10145],{},[15,10143,7446],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10146,10147],{},"'name'",[137,10149,10150,10144,10152],{},[15,10151,9069],{},[15,10153,10154],{},"'age'",[20,10156,10157],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10159,10160],{},"Valid examples:",[31,10162,10164],{"className":33,"code":10163,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10165,10166,10204],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10167,10168,10170,10172,10174,10176,10179,10181,10183,10186,10188,10190,10193,10195,10197,10200,10202],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10169,650],{"class":46},[40,10171,51],{"class":50},[40,10173,8941],{"class":609},[40,10175,88],{"class":54},[40,10177,10178],{"class":8946},"city",[40,10180,51],{"class":50},[40,10182,3087],{"class":212},[40,10184,10185],{"class":216},"Paris",[40,10187,3087],{"class":212},[40,10189,62],{"class":54},[40,10191,10192],{"class":8946}," country",[40,10194,51],{"class":50},[40,10196,3087],{"class":212},[40,10198,10199],{"class":216},"France",[40,10201,3087],{"class":212},[40,10203,95],{"class":54},[40,10205,10206,10208,10210,10212],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,10207,101],{"class":84},[40,10209,88],{"class":54},[40,10211,703],{"class":91},[40,10213,95],{"class":54},[20,10215,10216],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[134,10218,10219,10222,10225],{},[137,10220,10221],{},"spaces",[137,10223,10224],{},"hyphens",[137,10226,10227],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10229,10230,10231,10234],{},"For example, this is ",[183,10232,10233],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[31,10236,10238],{"className":33,"code":10237,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10239,10240],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10241,10242],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10243,10237],{"class":3449},[20,10245,10246],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[31,10248,10250],{"className":33,"code":10249,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10251,10252,10295],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10253,10254,10256,10258,10261,10263,10266,10268,10270,10272,10274,10276,10278,10280,10283,10285,10287,10289,10291,10293],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10255,650],{"class":46},[40,10257,51],{"class":50},[40,10259,10260],{"class":54}," {",[40,10262,3087],{"class":212},[40,10264,10265],{"class":216},"first-name",[40,10267,3087],{"class":212},[40,10269,2669],{"class":54},[40,10271,3082],{"class":212},[40,10273,7455],{"class":216},[40,10275,3087],{"class":212},[40,10277,62],{"class":54},[40,10279,3082],{"class":212},[40,10281,10282],{"class":216},"first name",[40,10284,3087],{"class":212},[40,10286,2669],{"class":54},[40,10288,3082],{"class":212},[40,10290,7455],{"class":216},[40,10292,3087],{"class":212},[40,10294,9079],{"class":54},[40,10296,10297,10299,10301,10303],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,10298,101],{"class":84},[40,10300,88],{"class":54},[40,10302,703],{"class":91},[40,10304,95],{"class":54},[20,10306,10307],{},[183,10308,111],{},[31,10310,10312],{"className":33,"code":10311,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10313,10314],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10315,10316,10318,10320,10322,10324,10326,10328,10330,10332,10334,10336,10338,10340,10342,10344,10346,10348],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10317,9048],{"class":54},[40,10319,3087],{"class":212},[40,10321,10265],{"class":216},[40,10323,3087],{"class":212},[40,10325,2669],{"class":54},[40,10327,3082],{"class":212},[40,10329,7455],{"class":216},[40,10331,3087],{"class":212},[40,10333,62],{"class":54},[40,10335,3082],{"class":212},[40,10337,10282],{"class":216},[40,10339,3087],{"class":212},[40,10341,2669],{"class":54},[40,10343,3082],{"class":212},[40,10345,7455],{"class":216},[40,10347,3087],{"class":212},[40,10349,9079],{"class":54},[129,10351,10353,10355,10356],{"id":10352},"dict-vs",[15,10354,8891],{}," vs ",[15,10357,3579],{},[20,10359,10360,10361,4176,10363,10365],{},"Both ",[15,10362,8891],{},[15,10364,3579],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[792,10367,123,10369,10371],{"id":10368},"use-when",[15,10370,3579],{}," when:",[134,10373,10374,10377],{},[137,10375,10376],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[137,10378,10379],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[31,10381,10382],{"className":33,"code":9596,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,10383,10384],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10385,10386,10388,10390],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10387,650],{"class":46},[40,10389,51],{"class":50},[40,10391,9607],{"class":54},[792,10393,123,10395,10371],{"id":10394},"use-dict-when",[15,10396,8891],{},[134,10398,10399,10402,10405],{},[137,10400,10401],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[137,10403,10404],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[137,10406,10407],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[31,10409,10411],{"className":33,"code":10410,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10412,10413,10449],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10414,10415,10417,10419,10421,10423,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445,10447],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10416,650],{"class":46},[40,10418,51],{"class":50},[40,10420,8941],{"class":609},[40,10422,9427],{"class":54},[40,10424,3087],{"class":212},[40,10426,282],{"class":216},[40,10428,3087],{"class":212},[40,10430,62],{"class":54},[40,10432,1226],{"class":58},[40,10434,9003],{"class":54},[40,10436,9006],{"class":54},[40,10438,3087],{"class":212},[40,10440,1017],{"class":216},[40,10442,3087],{"class":212},[40,10444,62],{"class":54},[40,10446,663],{"class":58},[40,10448,1149],{"class":54},[40,10450,10451,10454,10456,10458,10460,10462,10464,10466,10468,10470,10472,10474,10476,10478],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,10452,10453],{"class":46},"info ",[40,10455,51],{"class":50},[40,10457,8941],{"class":609},[40,10459,88],{"class":54},[40,10461,7446],{"class":8946},[40,10463,51],{"class":50},[40,10465,3087],{"class":212},[40,10467,4783],{"class":216},[40,10469,3087],{"class":212},[40,10471,62],{"class":54},[40,10473,8959],{"class":8946},[40,10475,51],{"class":50},[40,10477,8964],{"class":58},[40,10479,95],{"class":54},[20,10481,10482],{},"So:",[134,10484,10485,10490],{},[137,10486,10487,10489],{},[15,10488,3579],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[137,10491,10492,10494],{},[15,10493,8891],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10496,10497,10498,10502,10503,289],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[282,10499,10501],{"href":10500},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[282,10504,10506,10507,10510],{"href":10505},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10508,10509],{},"get()"," method",[129,10512,10514],{"id":10513},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10516,10517,10518,289],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10519,8891],{},[792,10521,10523],{"id":10522},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10525,4307],{},[31,10527,10529],{"className":33,"code":10528,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10530,10531,10555],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10532,10533,10535,10537,10539,10541,10543,10545,10547,10549,10551,10553],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10534,479],{"class":46},[40,10536,51],{"class":50},[40,10538,55],{"class":54},[40,10540,3087],{"class":212},[40,10542,282],{"class":216},[40,10544,3087],{"class":212},[40,10546,62],{"class":54},[40,10548,3082],{"class":212},[40,10550,1017],{"class":216},[40,10552,3087],{"class":212},[40,10554,73],{"class":54},[40,10556,10557,10559,10561,10563,10565,10567],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,10558,650],{"class":46},[40,10560,51],{"class":50},[40,10562,8941],{"class":609},[40,10564,88],{"class":54},[40,10566,497],{"class":91},[40,10568,95],{"class":54},[20,10570,10571,10572,289],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10573,10574],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10576,10577],{},"Correct version:",[31,10579,10581],{"className":33,"code":10580,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10582,10583,10617,10631],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10584,10585,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607,10609,10611,10613,10615],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10586,479],{"class":46},[40,10588,51],{"class":50},[40,10590,8990],{"class":54},[40,10592,3087],{"class":212},[40,10594,282],{"class":216},[40,10596,3087],{"class":212},[40,10598,62],{"class":54},[40,10600,1226],{"class":58},[40,10602,9003],{"class":54},[40,10604,9006],{"class":54},[40,10606,3087],{"class":212},[40,10608,1017],{"class":216},[40,10610,3087],{"class":212},[40,10612,62],{"class":54},[40,10614,663],{"class":58},[40,10616,9019],{"class":54},[40,10618,10619,10621,10623,10625,10627,10629],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,10620,650],{"class":46},[40,10622,51],{"class":50},[40,10624,8941],{"class":609},[40,10626,88],{"class":54},[40,10628,497],{"class":91},[40,10630,95],{"class":54},[40,10632,10633,10635,10637,10639],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,10634,101],{"class":84},[40,10636,88],{"class":54},[40,10638,703],{"class":91},[40,10640,95],{"class":54},[792,10642,10644],{"id":10643},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10646,10647],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[31,10649,10651],{"className":33,"code":10650,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10652,10653],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10654,10655],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10656,10650],{"class":3449},[20,10658,10659,10660,2669],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10661,51],{},[31,10663,10665],{"className":33,"code":10664,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10666,10667,10689],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10668,10669,10671,10673,10675,10677,10679,10681,10683,10685,10687],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10670,650],{"class":46},[40,10672,51],{"class":50},[40,10674,8941],{"class":609},[40,10676,88],{"class":54},[40,10678,7446],{"class":8946},[40,10680,51],{"class":50},[40,10682,3087],{"class":212},[40,10684,4783],{"class":216},[40,10686,3087],{"class":212},[40,10688,95],{"class":54},[40,10690,10691,10693,10695,10697],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,10692,101],{"class":84},[40,10694,88],{"class":54},[40,10696,703],{"class":91},[40,10698,95],{"class":54},[792,10700,10702],{"id":10701},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10704,10705],{},"This will not work:",[31,10707,10708],{"className":33,"code":10237,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,10709,10710],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10711,10712],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10713,10237],{"class":3449},[20,10715,10716],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[31,10718,10720],{"className":33,"code":10719,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10721,10722,10746],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10723,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734,10736,10738,10740,10742,10744],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10725,650],{"class":46},[40,10727,51],{"class":50},[40,10729,10260],{"class":54},[40,10731,3087],{"class":212},[40,10733,10265],{"class":216},[40,10735,3087],{"class":212},[40,10737,2669],{"class":54},[40,10739,3082],{"class":212},[40,10741,7455],{"class":216},[40,10743,3087],{"class":212},[40,10745,9079],{"class":54},[40,10747,10748,10750,10752,10754],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,10749,101],{"class":84},[40,10751,88],{"class":54},[40,10753,703],{"class":91},[40,10755,95],{"class":54},[792,10757,10759],{"id":10758},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10761,10762],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[31,10764,10766],{"className":33,"code":10765,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10767,10768,10804],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10769,10770,10772,10774,10776,10778,10780,10782,10784,10786,10788,10790,10792,10794,10796,10798,10800,10802],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10771,650],{"class":46},[40,10773,51],{"class":50},[40,10775,8941],{"class":609},[40,10777,9427],{"class":54},[40,10779,3087],{"class":212},[40,10781,1957],{"class":216},[40,10783,3087],{"class":212},[40,10785,62],{"class":54},[40,10787,1226],{"class":58},[40,10789,9003],{"class":54},[40,10791,9006],{"class":54},[40,10793,3087],{"class":212},[40,10795,1957],{"class":216},[40,10797,3087],{"class":212},[40,10799,62],{"class":54},[40,10801,663],{"class":58},[40,10803,1149],{"class":54},[40,10805,10806,10808,10810,10812],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,10807,101],{"class":84},[40,10809,88],{"class":54},[40,10811,703],{"class":91},[40,10813,95],{"class":54},[20,10815,10816],{},[183,10817,111],{},[31,10819,10821],{"className":33,"code":10820,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10822,10823],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10824,10825,10827,10829,10831,10833,10835,10837],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10826,9048],{"class":54},[40,10828,3087],{"class":212},[40,10830,1957],{"class":216},[40,10832,3087],{"class":212},[40,10834,2669],{"class":54},[40,10836,663],{"class":58},[40,10838,9079],{"class":54},[20,10840,10841,10842,289],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[282,10843,10845],{"href":10844},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[129,10847,2613],{"id":2612},[20,10849,10850,10851,10853],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10852,8891],{}," include:",[134,10855,10856,10865,10871,10874],{},[137,10857,10858,10859,799,10862],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10860,10861],{},"['a', 'b']",[15,10863,10864],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[137,10866,10867,10868],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10869,10870],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[137,10872,10873],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[137,10875,10876,10877,10879],{},"confusing ",[15,10878,8891],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10881,10882],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[31,10884,10886],{"className":33,"code":10885,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10887,10888,10902,10912,10923],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,10889,10890,10892,10894,10896,10898,10900],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,10891,101],{"class":84},[40,10893,88],{"class":54},[40,10895,1297],{"class":609},[40,10897,88],{"class":54},[40,10899,703],{"class":91},[40,10901,256],{"class":54},[40,10903,10904,10906,10908,10910],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,10905,101],{"class":84},[40,10907,88],{"class":54},[40,10909,703],{"class":91},[40,10911,95],{"class":54},[40,10913,10914,10916,10918,10921],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,10915,101],{"class":84},[40,10917,88],{"class":54},[40,10919,10920],{"class":91},"list_of_pairs",[40,10922,95],{"class":54},[40,10924,10925,10927,10929,10931,10933,10935],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,10926,101],{"class":84},[40,10928,88],{"class":54},[40,10930,17],{"class":84},[40,10932,88],{"class":54},[40,10934,10920],{"class":91},[40,10936,256],{"class":54},[20,10938,10939],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[134,10941,10942,10945,10948],{},[137,10943,10944],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[137,10946,10947],{},"what data is being passed in",[137,10949,10950],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[129,10952,1636],{"id":1635},[792,10954,4957,10956,4176,10958,2275],{"id":10955},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10957,8891],{},[15,10959,3579],{},[20,10961,10962,10964,10965,10967],{},[15,10963,3579],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10966,8891],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[792,10969,4947,10971,10973],{"id":10970},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10972,8891],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10975,10976,10977,289],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10978,10864],{},[792,10980,4935,10982,10985],{"id":10981},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10983,10984],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10987,10988],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[792,10990,10992,10993,10995],{"id":10991},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10994,8891],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10997,10998,10999,11002],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11000,11001],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[129,11004,1687],{"id":1686},[134,11006,11007,11012,11016,11021,11027],{},[137,11008,11009],{},[282,11010,11011],{"href":9160},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[137,11013,11014],{},[282,11015,8927],{"href":8926},[137,11017,11018],{},[282,11019,11020],{"href":10500},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[137,11022,11023],{},[282,11024,10506,11025,10510],{"href":10505},[15,11026,10509],{},[137,11028,11029],{},[282,11030,11031],{"href":10844},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1715,11033,11034],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":11036},[11037,11039,11045,11046,11047,11048,11055,11061,11062,11072],{"id":9115,"depth":76,"text":11038},"What dict() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940,"children":11040},[11041,11042,11043,11044],{"id":9171,"depth":98,"text":9172},{"id":9213,"depth":98,"text":9214},{"id":9317,"depth":98,"text":9318},{"id":9407,"depth":98,"text":9408},{"id":9519,"depth":76,"text":9172},{"id":9623,"depth":76,"text":9624},{"id":10046,"depth":76,"text":10047},{"id":10352,"depth":76,"text":11049,"children":11050},"dict() vs {}",[11051,11053],{"id":10368,"depth":98,"text":11052},"Use {} when:",{"id":10394,"depth":98,"text":11054},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10513,"depth":76,"text":10514,"children":11056},[11057,11058,11059,11060],{"id":10522,"depth":98,"text":10523},{"id":10643,"depth":98,"text":10644},{"id":10701,"depth":98,"text":10702},{"id":10758,"depth":98,"text":10759},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":11063},[11064,11066,11068,11070],{"id":10955,"depth":98,"text":11065},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10970,"depth":98,"text":11067},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10981,"depth":98,"text":11069},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10991,"depth":98,"text":11071},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8883,"description":11073},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11080,"title":11081,"body":11082,"description":12591,"extension":1746,"meta":12592,"navigation":360,"path":12593,"seo":12594,"stem":12595,"__hash__":12596},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11083,"toc":12560},[11084,11092,11098,11105,11107,11168,11173,11178,11183,11201,11204,11208,11210,11226,11229,11242,11246,11249,11383,11385,11452,11454,11470,11475,11481,11484,11566,11568,11582,11586,11592,11657,11659,11667,11670,11693,11699,11762,11768,11771,11785,11798,11802,11813,11818,11829,11836,11840,11846,11968,11970,11996,11999,12016,12019,12130,12132,12181,12183,12196,12205,12210,12215,12226,12228,12331,12354,12356,12360,12379,12382,12440,12443,12469,12471,12478,12481,12486,12490,12497,12505,12511,12514,12516,12557],[10,11085,11087,11088,11091],{"id":11086},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11089,11090],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,11093,11094,11097],{},[15,11095,11096],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11099,11100,11101,11104],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[183,11102,11103],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[129,11106,1787],{"id":1786},[31,11108,11110],{"className":33,"code":11109,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11111,11112,11144,11155],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11113,11114,11116,11118,11120,11122,11124,11126,11128,11130,11132,11134,11136,11138,11140,11142],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11115,650],{"class":46},[40,11117,51],{"class":50},[40,11119,10260],{"class":54},[40,11121,213],{"class":212},[40,11123,282],{"class":216},[40,11125,213],{"class":212},[40,11127,2669],{"class":54},[40,11129,1226],{"class":58},[40,11131,62],{"class":54},[40,11133,224],{"class":212},[40,11135,1017],{"class":216},[40,11137,213],{"class":212},[40,11139,2669],{"class":54},[40,11141,663],{"class":58},[40,11143,9079],{"class":54},[40,11145,11146,11148,11150,11153],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,11147,703],{"class":46},[40,11149,289],{"class":54},[40,11151,11152],{"class":91},"clear",[40,11154,8413],{"class":54},[40,11156,11157,11159,11161,11163,11165],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,11158,101],{"class":84},[40,11160,88],{"class":54},[40,11162,703],{"class":91},[40,11164,18],{"class":54},[40,11166,11167],{"class":3449},"  # {}\n",[20,11169,11170,11172],{},[15,11171,11090],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[129,11174,158,11176,3466],{"id":11175},"what-clear-does",[15,11177,11090],{},[20,11179,606,11180,11182],{},[15,11181,11090],{}," method:",[134,11184,11185,11188,11191,11196],{},[137,11186,11187],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[137,11189,11190],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[137,11192,11193,11194],{},"Returns ",[15,11195,3565],{},[137,11197,11198,11199],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11200,3579],{},[20,11202,11203],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11205,8923,11206,289],{},[282,11207,8927],{"href":8926},[129,11209,1940],{"id":1939},[31,11211,11213],{"className":33,"code":11212,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11214,11215],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11216,11217,11220,11222,11224],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11218,11219],{"class":46},"my_dict",[40,11221,289],{"class":54},[40,11223,11152],{"class":91},[40,11225,8413],{"class":54},[20,11227,11228],{},"Important points:",[134,11230,11231,11236,11239],{},[137,11232,11233,11235],{},[15,11234,11090],{}," takes no arguments",[137,11237,11238],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[137,11240,11241],{},"It empties that dictionary",[129,11243,11245],{"id":11244},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11247,11248],{},"Here is a basic example:",[31,11250,11252],{"className":33,"code":11251,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11253,11254,11264,11285,11299,11316,11320,11324,11344,11348,11359,11363],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11255,11256,11259,11261],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11257,11258],{"class":46},"user ",[40,11260,51],{"class":50},[40,11262,11263],{"class":54}," {\n",[40,11265,11266,11269,11271,11273,11275,11277,11280,11282],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,11267,11268],{"class":212},"    \"",[40,11270,7446],{"class":216},[40,11272,213],{"class":212},[40,11274,2669],{"class":54},[40,11276,224],{"class":212},[40,11278,11279],{"class":216},"Maya",[40,11281,213],{"class":212},[40,11283,11284],{"class":54},",\n",[40,11286,11287,11289,11291,11293,11295,11297],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,11288,11268],{"class":212},[40,11290,9069],{"class":216},[40,11292,213],{"class":212},[40,11294,2669],{"class":54},[40,11296,9076],{"class":58},[40,11298,11284],{"class":54},[40,11300,11301,11303,11305,11307,11309,11311,11314],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,11302,11268],{"class":212},[40,11304,10178],{"class":216},[40,11306,213],{"class":212},[40,11308,2669],{"class":54},[40,11310,224],{"class":212},[40,11312,11313],{"class":216},"Berlin",[40,11315,3146],{"class":212},[40,11317,11318],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,11319,9079],{"class":54},[40,11321,11322],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,11323,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,11325,11326,11328,11330,11332,11335,11337,11339,11342],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,11327,101],{"class":84},[40,11329,88],{"class":54},[40,11331,213],{"class":212},[40,11333,11334],{"class":216},"Before:",[40,11336,213],{"class":212},[40,11338,62],{"class":54},[40,11340,11341],{"class":91}," user",[40,11343,95],{"class":54},[40,11345,11346],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,11347,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,11349,11350,11353,11355,11357],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,11351,11352],{"class":46},"user",[40,11354,289],{"class":54},[40,11356,11152],{"class":91},[40,11358,8413],{"class":54},[40,11360,11361],{"class":42,"line":6214},[40,11362,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,11364,11366,11368,11370,11372,11375,11377,11379,11381],{"class":42,"line":11365},11,[40,11367,101],{"class":84},[40,11369,88],{"class":54},[40,11371,213],{"class":212},[40,11373,11374],{"class":216},"After:",[40,11376,213],{"class":212},[40,11378,62],{"class":54},[40,11380,11341],{"class":91},[40,11382,95],{"class":54},[20,11384,5338],{},[31,11386,11388],{"className":33,"code":11387,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11389,11390,11443],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11391,11392,11395,11397,11399,11401,11403,11405,11407,11409,11411,11413,11415,11417,11419,11421,11423,11425,11427,11429,11431,11433,11435,11437,11439,11441],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11393,11394],{"class":46},"Before",[40,11396,2669],{"class":54},[40,11398,10260],{"class":54},[40,11400,3087],{"class":212},[40,11402,7446],{"class":216},[40,11404,3087],{"class":212},[40,11406,2669],{"class":54},[40,11408,3082],{"class":212},[40,11410,11279],{"class":216},[40,11412,3087],{"class":212},[40,11414,62],{"class":54},[40,11416,3082],{"class":212},[40,11418,9069],{"class":216},[40,11420,3087],{"class":212},[40,11422,2669],{"class":54},[40,11424,9076],{"class":58},[40,11426,62],{"class":54},[40,11428,3082],{"class":212},[40,11430,10178],{"class":216},[40,11432,3087],{"class":212},[40,11434,2669],{"class":54},[40,11436,3082],{"class":212},[40,11438,11313],{"class":216},[40,11440,3087],{"class":212},[40,11442,9079],{"class":54},[40,11444,11445,11448,11450],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,11446,11447],{"class":46},"After",[40,11449,2669],{"class":54},[40,11451,9607],{"class":54},[20,11453,385],{},[134,11455,11456,11461,11467],{},[137,11457,11458,11460],{},[15,11459,11352],{}," starts with three items",[137,11462,11463,11466],{},[15,11464,11465],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[137,11468,11469],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[129,11471,158,11473,148],{"id":11472},"what-clear-returns",[15,11474,11090],{},[20,11476,11477,398,11479,289],{},[15,11478,11090],{},[15,11480,3565],{},[20,11482,11483],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[31,11485,11487],{"className":33,"code":11486,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11488,11489,11523,11527,11542,11546,11556],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11490,11491,11494,11496,11498,11500,11502,11504,11506,11508,11510,11512,11515,11517,11519,11521],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11492,11493],{"class":46},"my_dict ",[40,11495,51],{"class":50},[40,11497,10260],{"class":54},[40,11499,213],{"class":212},[40,11501,1957],{"class":216},[40,11503,213],{"class":212},[40,11505,2669],{"class":54},[40,11507,1226],{"class":58},[40,11509,62],{"class":54},[40,11511,224],{"class":212},[40,11513,11514],{"class":216},"y",[40,11516,213],{"class":212},[40,11518,2669],{"class":54},[40,11520,663],{"class":58},[40,11522,9079],{"class":54},[40,11524,11525],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,11526,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,11528,11529,11531,11533,11536,11538,11540],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,11530,2013],{"class":46},[40,11532,51],{"class":50},[40,11534,11535],{"class":46}," my_dict",[40,11537,289],{"class":54},[40,11539,11152],{"class":91},[40,11541,8413],{"class":54},[40,11543,11544],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,11545,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,11547,11548,11550,11552,11554],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,11549,101],{"class":84},[40,11551,88],{"class":54},[40,11553,2048],{"class":91},[40,11555,95],{"class":54},[40,11557,11558,11560,11562,11564],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,11559,101],{"class":84},[40,11561,88],{"class":54},[40,11563,11219],{"class":91},[40,11565,95],{"class":54},[20,11567,111],{},[31,11569,11571],{"className":33,"code":11570,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"None\n{}\n",[15,11572,11573,11578],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11574,11575],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11576,11577],{"class":1494},"None\n",[40,11579,11580],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,11581,9204],{"class":54},[792,11583,11585],{"id":11584},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11587,11588,11589,11591],{},"Do ",[183,11590,185],{}," do this:",[31,11593,11595],{"className":33,"code":11594,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11596,11597,11629,11643,11647],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11598,11599,11601,11603,11605,11607,11609,11611,11613,11615,11617,11619,11621,11623,11625,11627],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11600,11493],{"class":46},[40,11602,51],{"class":50},[40,11604,10260],{"class":54},[40,11606,213],{"class":212},[40,11608,1957],{"class":216},[40,11610,213],{"class":212},[40,11612,2669],{"class":54},[40,11614,1226],{"class":58},[40,11616,62],{"class":54},[40,11618,224],{"class":212},[40,11620,11514],{"class":216},[40,11622,213],{"class":212},[40,11624,2669],{"class":54},[40,11626,663],{"class":58},[40,11628,9079],{"class":54},[40,11630,11631,11633,11635,11637,11639,11641],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,11632,11493],{"class":46},[40,11634,51],{"class":50},[40,11636,11535],{"class":46},[40,11638,289],{"class":54},[40,11640,11152],{"class":91},[40,11642,8413],{"class":54},[40,11644,11645],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,11646,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,11648,11649,11651,11653,11655],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,11650,101],{"class":84},[40,11652,88],{"class":54},[40,11654,11219],{"class":91},[40,11656,95],{"class":54},[20,11658,111],{},[31,11660,11661],{"className":33,"code":11577,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,11662,11663],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11664,11665],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11666,11577],{"class":1494},[20,11668,11669],{},"Why this happens:",[134,11671,11672,11678,11683],{},[137,11673,11674,11677],{},[15,11675,11676],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[137,11679,11680,11681],{},"The method returns ",[15,11682,3565],{},[137,11684,11685,11686,11689,11690,11692],{},"Then ",[15,11687,11688],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11691,3565],{}," in the variable",[20,11694,11695,11696,11698],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11697,11090],{}," by itself:",[31,11700,11702],{"className":33,"code":11701,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11703,11704,11736,11746,11750],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11705,11706,11708,11710,11712,11714,11716,11718,11720,11722,11724,11726,11728,11730,11732,11734],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11707,11493],{"class":46},[40,11709,51],{"class":50},[40,11711,10260],{"class":54},[40,11713,213],{"class":212},[40,11715,1957],{"class":216},[40,11717,213],{"class":212},[40,11719,2669],{"class":54},[40,11721,1226],{"class":58},[40,11723,62],{"class":54},[40,11725,224],{"class":212},[40,11727,11514],{"class":216},[40,11729,213],{"class":212},[40,11731,2669],{"class":54},[40,11733,663],{"class":58},[40,11735,9079],{"class":54},[40,11737,11738,11740,11742,11744],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,11739,11219],{"class":46},[40,11741,289],{"class":54},[40,11743,11152],{"class":91},[40,11745,8413],{"class":54},[40,11747,11748],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,11749,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,11751,11752,11754,11756,11758,11760],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,11753,101],{"class":84},[40,11755,88],{"class":54},[40,11757,11219],{"class":91},[40,11759,18],{"class":54},[40,11761,11167],{"class":3449},[129,11763,11765,11767],{"id":11764},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11766,11090],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11769,11770],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[31,11772,11773],{"className":33,"code":11212,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,11774,11775],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11776,11777,11779,11781,11783],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11778,11219],{"class":46},[40,11780,289],{"class":54},[40,11782,11152],{"class":91},[40,11784,8413],{"class":54},[31,11786,11788],{"className":33,"code":11787,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11789,11790],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11791,11792,11794,11796],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11793,11493],{"class":46},[40,11795,51],{"class":50},[40,11797,9607],{"class":54},[792,11799,11800],{"id":11152},[15,11801,11090],{},[134,11803,11804,11807,11810],{},[137,11805,11806],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[137,11808,11809],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[137,11811,11812],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[792,11814,11815],{"id":11219},[15,11816,11817],{},"my_dict = {}",[134,11819,11820,11823,11826],{},[137,11821,11822],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[137,11824,11825],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[137,11827,11828],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11830,11831,11832,289],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[282,11833,11835],{"href":11834},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[129,11837,11839],{"id":11838},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11841,11842,11843,11845],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11844,11090],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[31,11847,11849],{"className":33,"code":11848,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11850,11851,11884,11894,11898,11909,11913,11933,11953],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11852,11853,11856,11858,11860,11862,11864,11866,11868,11870,11872,11874,11876,11878,11880,11882],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11854,11855],{"class":46},"original ",[40,11857,51],{"class":50},[40,11859,10260],{"class":54},[40,11861,213],{"class":212},[40,11863,282],{"class":216},[40,11865,213],{"class":212},[40,11867,2669],{"class":54},[40,11869,1226],{"class":58},[40,11871,62],{"class":54},[40,11873,224],{"class":212},[40,11875,1017],{"class":216},[40,11877,213],{"class":212},[40,11879,2669],{"class":54},[40,11881,663],{"class":58},[40,11883,9079],{"class":54},[40,11885,11886,11889,11891],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,11887,11888],{"class":46},"other_ref ",[40,11890,51],{"class":50},[40,11892,11893],{"class":46}," original\n",[40,11895,11896],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,11897,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,11899,11900,11903,11905,11907],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,11901,11902],{"class":46},"original",[40,11904,289],{"class":54},[40,11906,11152],{"class":91},[40,11908,8413],{"class":54},[40,11910,11911],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,11912,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,11914,11915,11917,11919,11921,11924,11926,11928,11931],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,11916,101],{"class":84},[40,11918,88],{"class":54},[40,11920,213],{"class":212},[40,11922,11923],{"class":216},"original:",[40,11925,213],{"class":212},[40,11927,62],{"class":54},[40,11929,11930],{"class":91}," original",[40,11932,95],{"class":54},[40,11934,11935,11937,11939,11941,11944,11946,11948,11951],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,11936,101],{"class":84},[40,11938,88],{"class":54},[40,11940,213],{"class":212},[40,11942,11943],{"class":216},"other_ref:",[40,11945,213],{"class":212},[40,11947,62],{"class":54},[40,11949,11950],{"class":91}," other_ref",[40,11952,95],{"class":54},[40,11954,11955,11957,11959,11961,11964,11966],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,11956,101],{"class":84},[40,11958,88],{"class":54},[40,11960,11855],{"class":91},[40,11962,11963],{"class":535},"is",[40,11965,11950],{"class":91},[40,11967,95],{"class":54},[20,11969,111],{},[31,11971,11973],{"className":33,"code":11972,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11974,11975,11983,11992],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,11976,11977,11979,11981],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,11978,11902],{"class":46},[40,11980,2669],{"class":54},[40,11982,9607],{"class":54},[40,11984,11985,11988,11990],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,11986,11987],{"class":46},"other_ref",[40,11989,2669],{"class":54},[40,11991,9607],{"class":54},[40,11993,11994],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,11995,1495],{"class":1494},[20,11997,11998],{},"This shows:",[134,12000,12001,12008,12013],{},[137,12002,12003,4176,12005,12007],{},[15,12004,11902],{},[15,12006,11987],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[137,12009,12010,12012],{},[15,12011,11090],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[137,12014,12015],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12017,12018],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[31,12020,12022],{"className":33,"code":12021,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12023,12024,12056,12064,12068,12076,12080,12098,12116],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12025,12026,12028,12030,12032,12034,12036,12038,12040,12042,12044,12046,12048,12050,12052,12054],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12027,11855],{"class":46},[40,12029,51],{"class":50},[40,12031,10260],{"class":54},[40,12033,213],{"class":212},[40,12035,282],{"class":216},[40,12037,213],{"class":212},[40,12039,2669],{"class":54},[40,12041,1226],{"class":58},[40,12043,62],{"class":54},[40,12045,224],{"class":212},[40,12047,1017],{"class":216},[40,12049,213],{"class":212},[40,12051,2669],{"class":54},[40,12053,663],{"class":58},[40,12055,9079],{"class":54},[40,12057,12058,12060,12062],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,12059,11888],{"class":46},[40,12061,51],{"class":50},[40,12063,11893],{"class":46},[40,12065,12066],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,12067,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,12069,12070,12072,12074],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,12071,11855],{"class":46},[40,12073,51],{"class":50},[40,12075,9607],{"class":54},[40,12077,12078],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,12079,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,12081,12082,12084,12086,12088,12090,12092,12094,12096],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,12083,101],{"class":84},[40,12085,88],{"class":54},[40,12087,213],{"class":212},[40,12089,11923],{"class":216},[40,12091,213],{"class":212},[40,12093,62],{"class":54},[40,12095,11930],{"class":91},[40,12097,95],{"class":54},[40,12099,12100,12102,12104,12106,12108,12110,12112,12114],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,12101,101],{"class":84},[40,12103,88],{"class":54},[40,12105,213],{"class":212},[40,12107,11943],{"class":216},[40,12109,213],{"class":212},[40,12111,62],{"class":54},[40,12113,11950],{"class":91},[40,12115,95],{"class":54},[40,12117,12118,12120,12122,12124,12126,12128],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,12119,101],{"class":84},[40,12121,88],{"class":54},[40,12123,11855],{"class":91},[40,12125,11963],{"class":535},[40,12127,11950],{"class":91},[40,12129,95],{"class":54},[20,12131,111],{},[31,12133,12135],{"className":33,"code":12134,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12136,12137,12145,12177],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12138,12139,12141,12143],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12140,11902],{"class":46},[40,12142,2669],{"class":54},[40,12144,9607],{"class":54},[40,12146,12147,12149,12151,12153,12155,12157,12159,12161,12163,12165,12167,12169,12171,12173,12175],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,12148,11987],{"class":46},[40,12150,2669],{"class":54},[40,12152,10260],{"class":54},[40,12154,3087],{"class":212},[40,12156,282],{"class":216},[40,12158,3087],{"class":212},[40,12160,2669],{"class":54},[40,12162,1226],{"class":58},[40,12164,62],{"class":54},[40,12166,3082],{"class":212},[40,12168,1017],{"class":216},[40,12170,3087],{"class":212},[40,12172,2669],{"class":54},[40,12174,663],{"class":58},[40,12176,9079],{"class":54},[40,12178,12179],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,12180,3824],{"class":1494},[20,12182,1962],{},[134,12184,12185,12191],{},[137,12186,12187,12190],{},[15,12188,12189],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[137,12192,12193,12195],{},[15,12194,11987],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12197,12198,12199,289],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[282,12200,12202],{"href":12201},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12203,12204],{},"dict.copy()",[129,12206,1345,12208],{"id":12207},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12209,11090],{},[20,12211,12212,12214],{},[15,12213,11090],{}," is useful when you want to:",[134,12216,12217,12220,12223],{},[137,12218,12219],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[137,12221,12222],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[137,12224,12225],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12227,195],{},[31,12229,12231],{"className":33,"code":12230,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12232,12233,12242,12258,12278,12291,12295,12299,12304,12315,12319],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12234,12235,12238,12240],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12236,12237],{"class":46},"session_data ",[40,12239,51],{"class":50},[40,12241,11263],{"class":54},[40,12243,12244,12246,12249,12251,12253,12256],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,12245,11268],{"class":212},[40,12247,12248],{"class":216},"user_id",[40,12250,213],{"class":212},[40,12252,2669],{"class":54},[40,12254,12255],{"class":58}," 101",[40,12257,11284],{"class":54},[40,12259,12260,12262,12265,12267,12269,12271,12274,12276],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,12261,11268],{"class":212},[40,12263,12264],{"class":216},"theme",[40,12266,213],{"class":212},[40,12268,2669],{"class":54},[40,12270,224],{"class":212},[40,12272,12273],{"class":216},"dark",[40,12275,213],{"class":212},[40,12277,11284],{"class":54},[40,12279,12280,12282,12285,12287,12289],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,12281,11268],{"class":212},[40,12283,12284],{"class":216},"logged_in",[40,12286,213],{"class":212},[40,12288,2669],{"class":54},[40,12290,6200],{"class":1494},[40,12292,12293],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,12294,9079],{"class":54},[40,12296,12297],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,12298,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,12300,12301],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,12302,12303],{"class":3449},"# Reset for a new session\n",[40,12305,12306,12309,12311,12313],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,12307,12308],{"class":46},"session_data",[40,12310,289],{"class":54},[40,12312,11152],{"class":91},[40,12314,8413],{"class":54},[40,12316,12317],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,12318,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,12320,12321,12323,12325,12327,12329],{"class":42,"line":6214},[40,12322,101],{"class":84},[40,12324,88],{"class":54},[40,12326,12308],{"class":91},[40,12328,18],{"class":54},[40,12330,11167],{"class":3449},[20,12332,12333,12334,12340,12341,289,12345,12347,12348,289],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[282,12335,12337],{"href":12336},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12338,12339],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[282,12342,12344],{"href":12343},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9615,12346],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[282,12349,12351],{"href":12350},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12352,12353],{},"dict.popitem()",[129,12355,2613],{"id":2612},[20,12357,10517,12358,2669],{},[15,12359,11090],{},[134,12361,12362,12368,12373,12376],{},[137,12363,12364,12365,12367],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12366,11090],{}," to a variable",[137,12369,8223,12370,12372],{},[15,12371,11090],{}," to return a new dictionary",[137,12374,12375],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[137,12377,12378],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12380,12381],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[31,12383,12385],{"className":33,"code":12384,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12386,12387,12397,12411,12426],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12388,12389,12391,12393,12395],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12390,101],{"class":84},[40,12392,88],{"class":54},[40,12394,11219],{"class":91},[40,12396,95],{"class":54},[40,12398,12399,12401,12403,12405,12407,12409],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,12400,101],{"class":84},[40,12402,88],{"class":54},[40,12404,1297],{"class":609},[40,12406,88],{"class":54},[40,12408,11219],{"class":91},[40,12410,256],{"class":54},[40,12412,12413,12415,12417,12420,12422,12424],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,12414,101],{"class":84},[40,12416,88],{"class":54},[40,12418,12419],{"class":84},"id",[40,12421,88],{"class":54},[40,12423,11219],{"class":91},[40,12425,256],{"class":54},[40,12427,12428,12430,12432,12434,12436,12438],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,12429,101],{"class":84},[40,12431,88],{"class":54},[40,12433,11888],{"class":91},[40,12435,11963],{"class":535},[40,12437,11535],{"class":91},[40,12439,95],{"class":54},[20,12441,12442],{},"What these show:",[134,12444,12445,12451,12457,12463],{},[137,12446,12447,12450],{},[15,12448,12449],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[137,12452,12453,12456],{},[15,12454,12455],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[137,12458,12459,12462],{},[15,12460,12461],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[137,12464,12465,12468],{},[15,12466,12467],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[129,12470,1636],{"id":1635},[792,12472,12474,12475,12477],{"id":12473},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[15,12476,11090],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12479,12480],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[792,12482,1650,12484,1654],{"id":12483},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12485,11096],{},[20,12487,1657,12488,289],{},[15,12489,3565],{},[792,12491,4957,12493,4176,12495,2275],{"id":12492},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12494,11090],{},[15,12496,3579],{},[20,12498,12499,12501,12502,12504],{},[15,12500,11090],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12503,3579],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[792,12506,12474,12508,12510],{"id":12507},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12509,11090],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12512,12513],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[129,12515,1687],{"id":1686},[134,12517,12518,12522,12526,12533,12540,12547,12552],{},[137,12519,12520],{},[282,12521,8927],{"href":8926},[137,12523,12524],{},[282,12525,11011],{"href":9160},[137,12527,12528],{},[282,12529,10506,12530,10510],{"href":12336},[15,12531,12532],{},"pop()",[137,12534,12535],{},[282,12536,10506,12537,10510],{"href":12350},[15,12538,12539],{},"popitem()",[137,12541,12542],{},[282,12543,10506,12544,10510],{"href":12201},[15,12545,12546],{},"copy()",[137,12548,12549],{},[282,12550,12551],{"href":11834},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[137,12553,12554],{},[282,12555,12556],{"href":12343},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1715,12558,12559],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":12561},[12562,12563,12565,12566,12567,12571,12576,12577,12579,12580,12590],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":11175,"depth":76,"text":12564},"What clear() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":11472,"depth":76,"text":12568,"children":12569},"What clear() returns",[12570],{"id":11584,"depth":98,"text":11585},{"id":11764,"depth":76,"text":12572,"children":12573},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12574,12575],{"id":11152,"depth":98,"text":11090},{"id":11219,"depth":98,"text":11817},{"id":11838,"depth":76,"text":11839},{"id":12207,"depth":76,"text":12578},"When to use clear()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":12581},[12582,12584,12586,12588],{"id":12473,"depth":98,"text":12583},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12483,"depth":98,"text":12585},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12492,"depth":98,"text":12587},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12507,"depth":98,"text":12589},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11081,"description":12591},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12598,"title":12599,"body":12600,"description":14765,"extension":1746,"meta":14766,"navigation":360,"path":14767,"seo":14768,"stem":14769,"__hash__":14770},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12601,"toc":14737},[12602,12607,12612,12622,12624,12712,12716,12757,12762,12769,12787,12796,12798,12819,12822,12834,12836,12912,12916,12957,12959,12962,13090,13094,13174,13177,13195,13198,13202,13208,13210,13221,13223,13418,13422,13528,13531,13549,13552,13559,13564,13568,13582,13584,13711,13715,13795,13808,13814,13817,13825,13829,13955,13959,14033,14038,14169,14173,14247,14250,14264,14268,14272,14286,14288,14424,14428,14497,14499,14504,14526,14529,14636,14639,14650,14657,14659,14665,14668,14675,14678,14685,14693,14697,14700,14702,14734],[10,12603,11087,12605,11091],{"id":12604},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12606,12546],{},[20,12608,12609,12611],{},[15,12610,12204],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12613,12614,12615,12617,12618,12621],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12616,12546],{}," makes a ",[183,12619,12620],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[129,12623,1787],{"id":1786},[31,12625,12627],{"className":33,"code":12626,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12628,12629,12666,12683,12687,12698],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12630,12631,12634,12636,12638,12640,12642,12644,12646,12648,12650,12652,12654,12656,12658,12660,12662,12664],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12632,12633],{"class":46},"student ",[40,12635,51],{"class":50},[40,12637,10260],{"class":54},[40,12639,213],{"class":212},[40,12641,7446],{"class":216},[40,12643,213],{"class":212},[40,12645,2669],{"class":54},[40,12647,224],{"class":212},[40,12649,1517],{"class":216},[40,12651,213],{"class":212},[40,12653,62],{"class":54},[40,12655,224],{"class":212},[40,12657,9069],{"class":216},[40,12659,213],{"class":212},[40,12661,2669],{"class":54},[40,12663,65],{"class":58},[40,12665,9079],{"class":54},[40,12667,12668,12671,12673,12676,12678,12681],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,12669,12670],{"class":46},"student_copy ",[40,12672,51],{"class":50},[40,12674,12675],{"class":46}," student",[40,12677,289],{"class":54},[40,12679,12680],{"class":91},"copy",[40,12682,8413],{"class":54},[40,12684,12685],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,12686,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,12688,12689,12691,12693,12696],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,12690,101],{"class":84},[40,12692,88],{"class":54},[40,12694,12695],{"class":91},"student_copy",[40,12697,95],{"class":54},[40,12699,12700,12702,12704,12706,12708,12710],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,12701,101],{"class":84},[40,12703,88],{"class":54},[40,12705,12670],{"class":91},[40,12707,11963],{"class":535},[40,12709,12675],{"class":91},[40,12711,95],{"class":54},[20,12713,12714],{},[183,12715,111],{},[31,12717,12719],{"className":33,"code":12718,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12720,12721,12753],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12722,12723,12725,12727,12729,12731,12733,12735,12737,12739,12741,12743,12745,12747,12749,12751],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12724,9048],{"class":54},[40,12726,3087],{"class":212},[40,12728,7446],{"class":216},[40,12730,3087],{"class":212},[40,12732,2669],{"class":54},[40,12734,3082],{"class":212},[40,12736,1517],{"class":216},[40,12738,3087],{"class":212},[40,12740,62],{"class":54},[40,12742,3082],{"class":212},[40,12744,9069],{"class":216},[40,12746,3087],{"class":212},[40,12748,2669],{"class":54},[40,12750,65],{"class":58},[40,12752,9079],{"class":54},[40,12754,12755],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,12756,3824],{"class":1494},[20,12758,123,12759,12761],{},[15,12760,12546],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[129,12763,12765,12766,12768],{"id":12764},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12767,12546],{}," method does",[134,12770,12771,12776,12779,12784],{},[137,12772,12773,12775],{},[15,12774,12204],{}," returns a new dictionary",[137,12777,12778],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[137,12780,12781,12782],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12783,12546],{},[137,12785,12786],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12788,12789,12790,2662,12793,289],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[282,12791,8927],{"href":12792},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[282,12794,9161],{"href":12795},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[129,12797,1940],{"id":1939},[31,12799,12801],{"className":33,"code":12800,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12802,12803],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12804,12805,12808,12810,12813,12815,12817],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12806,12807],{"class":46},"new_dict ",[40,12809,51],{"class":50},[40,12811,12812],{"class":46}," old_dict",[40,12814,289],{"class":54},[40,12816,12680],{"class":91},[40,12818,8413],{"class":54},[20,12820,12821],{},"Key points:",[134,12823,12824,12828,12831],{},[137,12825,12826,11235],{},[15,12827,12546],{},[137,12829,12830],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[137,12832,12833],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12835,195],{},[31,12837,12839],{"className":33,"code":12838,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12840,12841,12881,12897,12901],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12842,12843,12845,12847,12849,12851,12853,12855,12857,12859,12861,12863,12865,12867,12869,12871,12873,12875,12877,12879],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12844,309],{"class":46},[40,12846,51],{"class":50},[40,12848,10260],{"class":54},[40,12850,213],{"class":212},[40,12852,282],{"class":216},[40,12854,213],{"class":212},[40,12856,2669],{"class":54},[40,12858,224],{"class":212},[40,12860,318],{"class":216},[40,12862,213],{"class":212},[40,12864,62],{"class":54},[40,12866,224],{"class":212},[40,12868,1017],{"class":216},[40,12870,213],{"class":212},[40,12872,2669],{"class":54},[40,12874,224],{"class":212},[40,12876,336],{"class":216},[40,12878,213],{"class":212},[40,12880,9079],{"class":54},[40,12882,12883,12886,12888,12891,12893,12895],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,12884,12885],{"class":46},"new_colors ",[40,12887,51],{"class":50},[40,12889,12890],{"class":46}," colors",[40,12892,289],{"class":54},[40,12894,12680],{"class":91},[40,12896,8413],{"class":54},[40,12898,12899],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,12900,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,12902,12903,12905,12907,12910],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,12904,101],{"class":84},[40,12906,88],{"class":54},[40,12908,12909],{"class":91},"new_colors",[40,12911,95],{"class":54},[20,12913,12914],{},[183,12915,111],{},[31,12917,12919],{"className":33,"code":12918,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12920,12921],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12922,12923,12925,12927,12929,12931,12933,12935,12937,12939,12941,12943,12945,12947,12949,12951,12953,12955],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12924,9048],{"class":54},[40,12926,3087],{"class":212},[40,12928,282],{"class":216},[40,12930,3087],{"class":212},[40,12932,2669],{"class":54},[40,12934,3082],{"class":212},[40,12936,318],{"class":216},[40,12938,3087],{"class":212},[40,12940,62],{"class":54},[40,12942,3082],{"class":212},[40,12944,1017],{"class":216},[40,12946,3087],{"class":212},[40,12948,2669],{"class":54},[40,12950,3082],{"class":212},[40,12952,336],{"class":216},[40,12954,3087],{"class":212},[40,12956,9079],{"class":54},[129,12958,11245],{"id":11244},[20,12960,12961],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[31,12963,12965],{"className":33,"code":12964,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12966,12967,13005,13021,13025,13047,13051,13070],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,12968,12969,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982,12984,12986,12989,12991,12993,12995,12997,12999,13001,13003],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,12970,12971],{"class":46},"person ",[40,12973,51],{"class":50},[40,12975,10260],{"class":54},[40,12977,213],{"class":212},[40,12979,7446],{"class":216},[40,12981,213],{"class":212},[40,12983,2669],{"class":54},[40,12985,224],{"class":212},[40,12987,12988],{"class":216},"Liam",[40,12990,213],{"class":212},[40,12992,62],{"class":54},[40,12994,224],{"class":212},[40,12996,9069],{"class":216},[40,12998,213],{"class":212},[40,13000,2669],{"class":54},[40,13002,9076],{"class":58},[40,13004,9079],{"class":54},[40,13006,13007,13010,13012,13015,13017,13019],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,13008,13009],{"class":46},"person_copy ",[40,13011,51],{"class":50},[40,13013,13014],{"class":46}," person",[40,13016,289],{"class":54},[40,13018,12680],{"class":91},[40,13020,8413],{"class":54},[40,13022,13023],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,13024,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,13026,13027,13030,13032,13034,13036,13038,13041,13044],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,13028,13029],{"class":46},"person_copy",[40,13031,565],{"class":54},[40,13033,213],{"class":212},[40,13035,9069],{"class":216},[40,13037,213],{"class":212},[40,13039,13040],{"class":54},"]",[40,13042,13043],{"class":50}," =",[40,13045,13046],{"class":58}," 26\n",[40,13048,13049],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,13050,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,13052,13053,13055,13057,13059,13062,13064,13066,13068],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,13054,101],{"class":84},[40,13056,88],{"class":54},[40,13058,213],{"class":212},[40,13060,13061],{"class":216},"Original:",[40,13063,213],{"class":212},[40,13065,62],{"class":54},[40,13067,13014],{"class":91},[40,13069,95],{"class":54},[40,13071,13072,13074,13076,13078,13081,13083,13085,13088],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,13073,101],{"class":84},[40,13075,88],{"class":54},[40,13077,213],{"class":212},[40,13079,13080],{"class":216},"Copy:",[40,13082,213],{"class":212},[40,13084,62],{"class":54},[40,13086,13087],{"class":91}," person_copy",[40,13089,95],{"class":54},[20,13091,13092],{},[183,13093,111],{},[31,13095,13097],{"className":33,"code":13096,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13098,13099,13136],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,13100,13101,13104,13106,13108,13110,13112,13114,13116,13118,13120,13122,13124,13126,13128,13130,13132,13134],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,13102,13103],{"class":46},"Original",[40,13105,2669],{"class":54},[40,13107,10260],{"class":54},[40,13109,3087],{"class":212},[40,13111,7446],{"class":216},[40,13113,3087],{"class":212},[40,13115,2669],{"class":54},[40,13117,3082],{"class":212},[40,13119,12988],{"class":216},[40,13121,3087],{"class":212},[40,13123,62],{"class":54},[40,13125,3082],{"class":212},[40,13127,9069],{"class":216},[40,13129,3087],{"class":212},[40,13131,2669],{"class":54},[40,13133,9076],{"class":58},[40,13135,9079],{"class":54},[40,13137,13138,13141,13143,13145,13147,13149,13151,13153,13155,13157,13159,13161,13163,13165,13167,13169,13172],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,13139,13140],{"class":46},"Copy",[40,13142,2669],{"class":54},[40,13144,10260],{"class":54},[40,13146,3087],{"class":212},[40,13148,7446],{"class":216},[40,13150,3087],{"class":212},[40,13152,2669],{"class":54},[40,13154,3082],{"class":212},[40,13156,12988],{"class":216},[40,13158,3087],{"class":212},[40,13160,62],{"class":54},[40,13162,3082],{"class":212},[40,13164,9069],{"class":216},[40,13166,3087],{"class":212},[40,13168,2669],{"class":54},[40,13170,13171],{"class":58}," 26",[40,13173,9079],{"class":54},[20,13175,13176],{},"What happened here:",[134,13178,13179,13185,13192],{},[137,13180,13181,13184],{},[15,13182,13183],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[137,13186,13187,13188,13191],{},"Changing ",[15,13189,13190],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[137,13193,13194],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13196,13197],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[129,13199,13201],{"id":13200},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13203,13204,12617,13206,289],{},[15,13205,12546],{},[183,13207,12620],{},[20,13209,1890],{},[134,13211,13212,13215,13218],{},[137,13213,13214],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[137,13216,13217],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[137,13219,13220],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13222,195],{},[31,13224,13226],{"className":33,"code":13225,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13227,13228,13236,13254,13277,13281,13285,13299,13303,13328,13332,13350,13369,13384],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,13229,13230,13232,13234],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,13231,12633],{"class":46},[40,13233,51],{"class":50},[40,13235,11263],{"class":54},[40,13237,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,13239,11268],{"class":212},[40,13241,7446],{"class":216},[40,13243,213],{"class":212},[40,13245,2669],{"class":54},[40,13247,224],{"class":212},[40,13249,1517],{"class":216},[40,13251,213],{"class":212},[40,13253,11284],{"class":54},[40,13255,13256,13258,13261,13263,13265,13267,13270,13272,13275],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,13257,11268],{"class":212},[40,13259,13260],{"class":216},"grades",[40,13262,213],{"class":212},[40,13264,2669],{"class":54},[40,13266,55],{"class":54},[40,13268,13269],{"class":58},"90",[40,13271,62],{"class":54},[40,13273,13274],{"class":58}," 85",[40,13276,73],{"class":54},[40,13278,13279],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,13280,9079],{"class":54},[40,13282,13283],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,13284,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,13286,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295,13297],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,13288,12670],{"class":46},[40,13290,51],{"class":50},[40,13292,12675],{"class":46},[40,13294,289],{"class":54},[40,13296,12680],{"class":91},[40,13298,8413],{"class":54},[40,13300,13301],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,13302,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,13304,13305,13307,13309,13311,13313,13315,13318,13321,13323,13326],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,13306,12695],{"class":46},[40,13308,565],{"class":54},[40,13310,213],{"class":212},[40,13312,13260],{"class":216},[40,13314,213],{"class":212},[40,13316,13317],{"class":54},"].",[40,13319,13320],{"class":91},"append",[40,13322,88],{"class":54},[40,13324,13325],{"class":58},"100",[40,13327,95],{"class":54},[40,13329,13330],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,13331,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,13333,13334,13336,13338,13340,13342,13344,13346,13348],{"class":42,"line":6214},[40,13335,101],{"class":84},[40,13337,88],{"class":54},[40,13339,213],{"class":212},[40,13341,13061],{"class":216},[40,13343,213],{"class":212},[40,13345,62],{"class":54},[40,13347,12675],{"class":91},[40,13349,95],{"class":54},[40,13351,13352,13354,13356,13358,13360,13362,13364,13367],{"class":42,"line":11365},[40,13353,101],{"class":84},[40,13355,88],{"class":54},[40,13357,213],{"class":212},[40,13359,13080],{"class":216},[40,13361,213],{"class":212},[40,13363,62],{"class":54},[40,13365,13366],{"class":91}," student_copy",[40,13368,95],{"class":54},[40,13370,13372,13374,13376,13378,13380,13382],{"class":42,"line":13371},12,[40,13373,101],{"class":84},[40,13375,88],{"class":54},[40,13377,12633],{"class":91},[40,13379,11963],{"class":535},[40,13381,13366],{"class":91},[40,13383,95],{"class":54},[40,13385,13387,13389,13391,13394,13396,13398,13400,13402,13404,13406,13408,13410,13412,13414,13416],{"class":42,"line":13386},13,[40,13388,101],{"class":84},[40,13390,88],{"class":54},[40,13392,13393],{"class":91},"student",[40,13395,565],{"class":54},[40,13397,213],{"class":212},[40,13399,13260],{"class":216},[40,13401,213],{"class":212},[40,13403,13040],{"class":54},[40,13405,613],{"class":535},[40,13407,13366],{"class":91},[40,13409,565],{"class":54},[40,13411,213],{"class":212},[40,13413,13260],{"class":216},[40,13415,213],{"class":212},[40,13417,570],{"class":54},[20,13419,13420],{},[183,13421,111],{},[31,13423,13425],{"className":33,"code":13424,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13426,13427,13474,13520,13524],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,13428,13429,13431,13433,13435,13437,13439,13441,13443,13445,13447,13449,13451,13453,13455,13457,13459,13461,13463,13465,13467,13469,13471],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,13430,13103],{"class":46},[40,13432,2669],{"class":54},[40,13434,10260],{"class":54},[40,13436,3087],{"class":212},[40,13438,7446],{"class":216},[40,13440,3087],{"class":212},[40,13442,2669],{"class":54},[40,13444,3082],{"class":212},[40,13446,1517],{"class":216},[40,13448,3087],{"class":212},[40,13450,62],{"class":54},[40,13452,3082],{"class":212},[40,13454,13260],{"class":216},[40,13456,3087],{"class":212},[40,13458,2669],{"class":54},[40,13460,55],{"class":54},[40,13462,13269],{"class":58},[40,13464,62],{"class":54},[40,13466,13274],{"class":58},[40,13468,62],{"class":54},[40,13470,9887],{"class":58},[40,13472,13473],{"class":54},"]}\n",[40,13475,13476,13478,13480,13482,13484,13486,13488,13490,13492,13494,13496,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512,13514,13516,13518],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,13477,13140],{"class":46},[40,13479,2669],{"class":54},[40,13481,10260],{"class":54},[40,13483,3087],{"class":212},[40,13485,7446],{"class":216},[40,13487,3087],{"class":212},[40,13489,2669],{"class":54},[40,13491,3082],{"class":212},[40,13493,1517],{"class":216},[40,13495,3087],{"class":212},[40,13497,62],{"class":54},[40,13499,3082],{"class":212},[40,13501,13260],{"class":216},[40,13503,3087],{"class":212},[40,13505,2669],{"class":54},[40,13507,55],{"class":54},[40,13509,13269],{"class":58},[40,13511,62],{"class":54},[40,13513,13274],{"class":58},[40,13515,62],{"class":54},[40,13517,9887],{"class":58},[40,13519,13473],{"class":54},[40,13521,13522],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,13523,3824],{"class":1494},[40,13525,13526],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,13527,1495],{"class":1494},[20,13529,13530],{},"Notice the difference:",[134,13532,13533,13541],{},[137,13534,13535,1156,13538,13540],{},[15,13536,13537],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13539,3460],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[137,13542,13543,1156,13546,13548],{},[15,13544,13545],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13547,3391],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13550,13551],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13553,13554,13555,289],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[282,13556,13558],{"href":13557},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[129,13560,1345,13562],{"id":13561},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13563,12546],{},[20,13565,123,13566,10371],{},[15,13567,12546],{},[134,13569,13570,13573,13576,13579],{},[137,13571,13572],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[137,13574,13575],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[137,13577,13578],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[137,13580,13581],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13583,195],{},[31,13585,13587],{"className":33,"code":13586,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13588,13589,13628,13644,13648,13668,13672,13691],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,13590,13591,13594,13596,13598,13600,13602,13604,13606,13608,13610,13612,13614,13616,13619,13621,13623,13626],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,13592,13593],{"class":46},"settings ",[40,13595,51],{"class":50},[40,13597,10260],{"class":54},[40,13599,213],{"class":212},[40,13601,12264],{"class":216},[40,13603,213],{"class":212},[40,13605,2669],{"class":54},[40,13607,224],{"class":212},[40,13609,12273],{"class":216},[40,13611,213],{"class":212},[40,13613,62],{"class":54},[40,13615,224],{"class":212},[40,13617,13618],{"class":216},"font_size",[40,13620,213],{"class":212},[40,13622,2669],{"class":54},[40,13624,13625],{"class":58}," 14",[40,13627,9079],{"class":54},[40,13629,13630,13633,13635,13638,13640,13642],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,13631,13632],{"class":46},"settings_backup ",[40,13634,51],{"class":50},[40,13636,13637],{"class":46}," settings",[40,13639,289],{"class":54},[40,13641,12680],{"class":91},[40,13643,8413],{"class":54},[40,13645,13646],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,13647,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,13649,13650,13653,13655,13657,13659,13661,13663,13665],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,13651,13652],{"class":46},"settings",[40,13654,565],{"class":54},[40,13656,213],{"class":212},[40,13658,13618],{"class":216},[40,13660,213],{"class":212},[40,13662,13040],{"class":54},[40,13664,13043],{"class":50},[40,13666,13667],{"class":58}," 16\n",[40,13669,13670],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,13671,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,13673,13674,13676,13678,13680,13683,13685,13687,13689],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,13675,101],{"class":84},[40,13677,88],{"class":54},[40,13679,213],{"class":212},[40,13681,13682],{"class":216},"Current:",[40,13684,213],{"class":212},[40,13686,62],{"class":54},[40,13688,13637],{"class":91},[40,13690,95],{"class":54},[40,13692,13693,13695,13697,13699,13702,13704,13706,13709],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,13694,101],{"class":84},[40,13696,88],{"class":54},[40,13698,213],{"class":212},[40,13700,13701],{"class":216},"Backup:",[40,13703,213],{"class":212},[40,13705,62],{"class":54},[40,13707,13708],{"class":91}," settings_backup",[40,13710,95],{"class":54},[20,13712,13713],{},[183,13714,111],{},[31,13716,13718],{"className":33,"code":13717,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13719,13720,13758],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,13721,13722,13725,13727,13729,13731,13733,13735,13737,13739,13741,13743,13745,13747,13749,13751,13753,13756],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,13723,13724],{"class":46},"Current",[40,13726,2669],{"class":54},[40,13728,10260],{"class":54},[40,13730,3087],{"class":212},[40,13732,12264],{"class":216},[40,13734,3087],{"class":212},[40,13736,2669],{"class":54},[40,13738,3082],{"class":212},[40,13740,12273],{"class":216},[40,13742,3087],{"class":212},[40,13744,62],{"class":54},[40,13746,3082],{"class":212},[40,13748,13618],{"class":216},[40,13750,3087],{"class":212},[40,13752,2669],{"class":54},[40,13754,13755],{"class":58}," 16",[40,13757,9079],{"class":54},[40,13759,13760,13763,13765,13767,13769,13771,13773,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791,13793],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,13761,13762],{"class":46},"Backup",[40,13764,2669],{"class":54},[40,13766,10260],{"class":54},[40,13768,3087],{"class":212},[40,13770,12264],{"class":216},[40,13772,3087],{"class":212},[40,13774,2669],{"class":54},[40,13776,3082],{"class":212},[40,13778,12273],{"class":216},[40,13780,3087],{"class":212},[40,13782,62],{"class":54},[40,13784,3082],{"class":212},[40,13786,13618],{"class":216},[40,13788,3087],{"class":212},[40,13790,2669],{"class":54},[40,13792,13625],{"class":58},[40,13794,9079],{"class":54},[20,13796,13797,13798,2662,13804,289],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[282,13799,13801],{"href":13800},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13802,13803],{},"dict.update()",[282,13805,13806],{"href":12593},[15,13807,11096],{},[129,13809,13811,13813],{"id":13810},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13812,12546],{}," vs assignment",[20,13815,13816],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13818,795,13819,13821,13822,13824],{},[15,13820,51],{}," does ",[183,13823,185],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[792,13826,13828],{"id":13827},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[31,13830,13832],{"className":33,"code":13831,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13833,13834,13866,13875,13879,13899,13903,13921,13941],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,13835,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,13837,11855],{"class":46},[40,13839,51],{"class":50},[40,13841,10260],{"class":54},[40,13843,213],{"class":212},[40,13845,1957],{"class":216},[40,13847,213],{"class":212},[40,13849,2669],{"class":54},[40,13851,1226],{"class":58},[40,13853,62],{"class":54},[40,13855,224],{"class":212},[40,13857,11514],{"class":216},[40,13859,213],{"class":212},[40,13861,2669],{"class":54},[40,13863,663],{"class":58},[40,13865,9079],{"class":54},[40,13867,13868,13871,13873],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,13869,13870],{"class":46},"assigned ",[40,13872,51],{"class":50},[40,13874,11893],{"class":46},[40,13876,13877],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,13878,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,13880,13881,13884,13886,13888,13890,13892,13894,13896],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,13882,13883],{"class":46},"assigned",[40,13885,565],{"class":54},[40,13887,213],{"class":212},[40,13889,1957],{"class":216},[40,13891,213],{"class":212},[40,13893,13040],{"class":54},[40,13895,13043],{"class":50},[40,13897,13898],{"class":58}," 99\n",[40,13900,13901],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,13902,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,13904,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917,13919],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,13906,101],{"class":84},[40,13908,88],{"class":54},[40,13910,213],{"class":212},[40,13912,13061],{"class":216},[40,13914,213],{"class":212},[40,13916,62],{"class":54},[40,13918,11930],{"class":91},[40,13920,95],{"class":54},[40,13922,13923,13925,13927,13929,13932,13934,13936,13939],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,13924,101],{"class":84},[40,13926,88],{"class":54},[40,13928,213],{"class":212},[40,13930,13931],{"class":216},"Assigned:",[40,13933,213],{"class":212},[40,13935,62],{"class":54},[40,13937,13938],{"class":91}," assigned",[40,13940,95],{"class":54},[40,13942,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951,13953],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,13944,101],{"class":84},[40,13946,88],{"class":54},[40,13948,11855],{"class":91},[40,13950,11963],{"class":535},[40,13952,13938],{"class":91},[40,13954,95],{"class":54},[20,13956,13957],{},[183,13958,111],{},[31,13960,13962],{"className":33,"code":13961,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13963,13964,13996,14029],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,13965,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974,13976,13978,13980,13982,13984,13986,13988,13990,13992,13994],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,13967,13103],{"class":46},[40,13969,2669],{"class":54},[40,13971,10260],{"class":54},[40,13973,3087],{"class":212},[40,13975,1957],{"class":216},[40,13977,3087],{"class":212},[40,13979,2669],{"class":54},[40,13981,9966],{"class":58},[40,13983,62],{"class":54},[40,13985,3082],{"class":212},[40,13987,11514],{"class":216},[40,13989,3087],{"class":212},[40,13991,2669],{"class":54},[40,13993,663],{"class":58},[40,13995,9079],{"class":54},[40,13997,13998,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,13999,14000],{"class":46},"Assigned",[40,14002,2669],{"class":54},[40,14004,10260],{"class":54},[40,14006,3087],{"class":212},[40,14008,1957],{"class":216},[40,14010,3087],{"class":212},[40,14012,2669],{"class":54},[40,14014,9966],{"class":58},[40,14016,62],{"class":54},[40,14018,3082],{"class":212},[40,14020,11514],{"class":216},[40,14022,3087],{"class":212},[40,14024,2669],{"class":54},[40,14026,663],{"class":58},[40,14028,9079],{"class":54},[40,14030,14031],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,14032,1495],{"class":1494},[792,14034,795,14036],{"id":14035},"using-copy",[15,14037,12546],{},[31,14039,14041],{"className":33,"code":14040,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14042,14043,14075,14090,14094,14113,14117,14135,14155],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14044,14045,14047,14049,14051,14053,14055,14057,14059,14061,14063,14065,14067,14069,14071,14073],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14046,11855],{"class":46},[40,14048,51],{"class":50},[40,14050,10260],{"class":54},[40,14052,213],{"class":212},[40,14054,1957],{"class":216},[40,14056,213],{"class":212},[40,14058,2669],{"class":54},[40,14060,1226],{"class":58},[40,14062,62],{"class":54},[40,14064,224],{"class":212},[40,14066,11514],{"class":216},[40,14068,213],{"class":212},[40,14070,2669],{"class":54},[40,14072,663],{"class":58},[40,14074,9079],{"class":54},[40,14076,14077,14080,14082,14084,14086,14088],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,14078,14079],{"class":46},"copied ",[40,14081,51],{"class":50},[40,14083,11930],{"class":46},[40,14085,289],{"class":54},[40,14087,12680],{"class":91},[40,14089,8413],{"class":54},[40,14091,14092],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,14093,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,14095,14096,14099,14101,14103,14105,14107,14109,14111],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,14097,14098],{"class":46},"copied",[40,14100,565],{"class":54},[40,14102,213],{"class":212},[40,14104,1957],{"class":216},[40,14106,213],{"class":212},[40,14108,13040],{"class":54},[40,14110,13043],{"class":50},[40,14112,13898],{"class":58},[40,14114,14115],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,14116,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,14118,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129,14131,14133],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,14120,101],{"class":84},[40,14122,88],{"class":54},[40,14124,213],{"class":212},[40,14126,13061],{"class":216},[40,14128,213],{"class":212},[40,14130,62],{"class":54},[40,14132,11930],{"class":91},[40,14134,95],{"class":54},[40,14136,14137,14139,14141,14143,14146,14148,14150,14153],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,14138,101],{"class":84},[40,14140,88],{"class":54},[40,14142,213],{"class":212},[40,14144,14145],{"class":216},"Copied:",[40,14147,213],{"class":212},[40,14149,62],{"class":54},[40,14151,14152],{"class":91}," copied",[40,14154,95],{"class":54},[40,14156,14157,14159,14161,14163,14165,14167],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,14158,101],{"class":84},[40,14160,88],{"class":54},[40,14162,11855],{"class":91},[40,14164,11963],{"class":535},[40,14166,14152],{"class":91},[40,14168,95],{"class":54},[20,14170,14171],{},[183,14172,111],{},[31,14174,14176],{"className":33,"code":14175,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14177,14178,14210,14243],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14179,14180,14182,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14181,13103],{"class":46},[40,14183,2669],{"class":54},[40,14185,10260],{"class":54},[40,14187,3087],{"class":212},[40,14189,1957],{"class":216},[40,14191,3087],{"class":212},[40,14193,2669],{"class":54},[40,14195,1226],{"class":58},[40,14197,62],{"class":54},[40,14199,3082],{"class":212},[40,14201,11514],{"class":216},[40,14203,3087],{"class":212},[40,14205,2669],{"class":54},[40,14207,663],{"class":58},[40,14209,9079],{"class":54},[40,14211,14212,14215,14217,14219,14221,14223,14225,14227,14229,14231,14233,14235,14237,14239,14241],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,14213,14214],{"class":46},"Copied",[40,14216,2669],{"class":54},[40,14218,10260],{"class":54},[40,14220,3087],{"class":212},[40,14222,1957],{"class":216},[40,14224,3087],{"class":212},[40,14226,2669],{"class":54},[40,14228,9966],{"class":58},[40,14230,62],{"class":54},[40,14232,3082],{"class":212},[40,14234,11514],{"class":216},[40,14236,3087],{"class":212},[40,14238,2669],{"class":54},[40,14240,663],{"class":58},[40,14242,9079],{"class":54},[40,14244,14245],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,14246,3824],{"class":1494},[20,14248,14249],{},"Summary:",[134,14251,14252,14258],{},[137,14253,14254,14257],{},[15,14255,14256],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[137,14259,14260,14263],{},[15,14261,14262],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[129,14265,14267],{"id":14266},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14269,14270,2669],{},[15,14271,12546],{},[134,14273,14274,14277,14280,14283],{},[137,14275,14276],{},"Returns a dictionary",[137,14278,14279],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[137,14281,14282],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[137,14284,14285],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14287,195],{},[31,14289,14291],{"className":33,"code":14290,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14292,14293,14325,14341,14345,14363,14383,14387,14405],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14294,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313,14315,14317,14319,14321,14323],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14296,650],{"class":46},[40,14298,51],{"class":50},[40,14300,10260],{"class":54},[40,14302,213],{"class":212},[40,14304,282],{"class":216},[40,14306,213],{"class":212},[40,14308,2669],{"class":54},[40,14310,1226],{"class":58},[40,14312,62],{"class":54},[40,14314,224],{"class":212},[40,14316,1017],{"class":216},[40,14318,213],{"class":212},[40,14320,2669],{"class":54},[40,14322,663],{"class":58},[40,14324,9079],{"class":54},[40,14326,14327,14330,14332,14335,14337,14339],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,14328,14329],{"class":46},"data_copy ",[40,14331,51],{"class":50},[40,14333,14334],{"class":46}," data",[40,14336,289],{"class":54},[40,14338,12680],{"class":91},[40,14340,8413],{"class":54},[40,14342,14343],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,14344,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,14346,14347,14349,14351,14353,14355,14357,14359,14361],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,14348,703],{"class":46},[40,14350,565],{"class":54},[40,14352,213],{"class":212},[40,14354,282],{"class":216},[40,14356,213],{"class":212},[40,14358,13040],{"class":54},[40,14360,13043],{"class":50},[40,14362,2369],{"class":58},[40,14364,14365,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376,14378,14380],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,14366,14367],{"class":46},"data_copy",[40,14369,565],{"class":54},[40,14371,213],{"class":212},[40,14373,1017],{"class":216},[40,14375,213],{"class":212},[40,14377,13040],{"class":54},[40,14379,13043],{"class":50},[40,14381,14382],{"class":58}," 20\n",[40,14384,14385],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,14386,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,14388,14389,14391,14393,14395,14397,14399,14401,14403],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,14390,101],{"class":84},[40,14392,88],{"class":54},[40,14394,213],{"class":212},[40,14396,13061],{"class":216},[40,14398,213],{"class":212},[40,14400,62],{"class":54},[40,14402,14334],{"class":91},[40,14404,95],{"class":54},[40,14406,14407,14409,14411,14413,14415,14417,14419,14422],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,14408,101],{"class":84},[40,14410,88],{"class":54},[40,14412,213],{"class":212},[40,14414,13080],{"class":216},[40,14416,213],{"class":212},[40,14418,62],{"class":54},[40,14420,14421],{"class":91}," data_copy",[40,14423,95],{"class":54},[20,14425,14426],{},[183,14427,111],{},[31,14429,14431],{"className":33,"code":14430,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14432,14433,14465],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14434,14435,14437,14439,14441,14443,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14457,14459,14461,14463],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14436,13103],{"class":46},[40,14438,2669],{"class":54},[40,14440,10260],{"class":54},[40,14442,3087],{"class":212},[40,14444,282],{"class":216},[40,14446,3087],{"class":212},[40,14448,2669],{"class":54},[40,14450,5781],{"class":58},[40,14452,62],{"class":54},[40,14454,3082],{"class":212},[40,14456,1017],{"class":216},[40,14458,3087],{"class":212},[40,14460,2669],{"class":54},[40,14462,663],{"class":58},[40,14464,9079],{"class":54},[40,14466,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477,14479,14481,14483,14485,14487,14489,14491,14493,14495],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,14468,13140],{"class":46},[40,14470,2669],{"class":54},[40,14472,10260],{"class":54},[40,14474,3087],{"class":212},[40,14476,282],{"class":216},[40,14478,3087],{"class":212},[40,14480,2669],{"class":54},[40,14482,1226],{"class":58},[40,14484,62],{"class":54},[40,14486,3082],{"class":212},[40,14488,1017],{"class":216},[40,14490,3087],{"class":212},[40,14492,2669],{"class":54},[40,14494,65],{"class":58},[40,14496,9079],{"class":54},[129,14498,2613],{"id":2612},[20,14500,14501,14502,2669],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14503,12204],{},[134,14505,14506,14513,14518,14523],{},[137,14507,795,14508,799,14510,14512],{},[15,14509,51],{},[15,14511,12546],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[137,14514,4361,14515,14517],{},[15,14516,12546],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[137,14519,14520,14521],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14522,12546],{},[137,14524,14525],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14527,14528],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[31,14530,14532],{"className":33,"code":14531,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14533,14534,14544,14554,14568,14591,14614],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14535,14536,14538,14540,14542],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14537,101],{"class":84},[40,14539,88],{"class":54},[40,14541,11902],{"class":91},[40,14543,95],{"class":54},[40,14545,14546,14548,14550,14552],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,14547,101],{"class":84},[40,14549,88],{"class":54},[40,14551,14098],{"class":91},[40,14553,95],{"class":54},[40,14555,14556,14558,14560,14562,14564,14566],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,14557,101],{"class":84},[40,14559,88],{"class":54},[40,14561,11855],{"class":91},[40,14563,11963],{"class":535},[40,14565,14152],{"class":91},[40,14567,95],{"class":54},[40,14569,14570,14572,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582,14585,14587,14589],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,14571,101],{"class":84},[40,14573,88],{"class":54},[40,14575,12419],{"class":84},[40,14577,88],{"class":54},[40,14579,11902],{"class":91},[40,14581,9003],{"class":54},[40,14583,14584],{"class":84}," id",[40,14586,88],{"class":54},[40,14588,14098],{"class":91},[40,14590,256],{"class":54},[40,14592,14593,14595,14597,14599,14601,14603,14605,14607,14610,14612],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,14594,101],{"class":84},[40,14596,88],{"class":54},[40,14598,12419],{"class":84},[40,14600,88],{"class":54},[40,14602,11902],{"class":91},[40,14604,565],{"class":54},[40,14606,213],{"class":212},[40,14608,14609],{"class":216},"key",[40,14611,213],{"class":212},[40,14613,2784],{"class":54},[40,14615,14616,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628,14630,14632,14634],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,14617,101],{"class":84},[40,14619,88],{"class":54},[40,14621,12419],{"class":84},[40,14623,88],{"class":54},[40,14625,14098],{"class":91},[40,14627,565],{"class":54},[40,14629,213],{"class":212},[40,14631,14609],{"class":216},[40,14633,213],{"class":212},[40,14635,2784],{"class":54},[20,14637,14638],{},"What these help you check:",[134,14640,14641,14644,14647],{},[137,14642,14643],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[137,14645,14646],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[137,14648,14649],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14651,14652,14653,289],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[282,14654,14656],{"href":14655},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[129,14658,1636],{"id":1635},[792,14660,12474,14662,14664],{"id":14661},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14663,12204],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14666,14667],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[792,14669,14671,14672,14674],{"id":14670},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14673,12204],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14676,14677],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[792,14679,4957,14681,4176,14683,2275],{"id":14680},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14682,12546],{},[15,14684,51],{},[20,14686,14687,14689,14690,14692],{},[15,14688,12546],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14691,51],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[792,14694,14696],{"id":14695},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14698,14699],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[129,14701,1687],{"id":1686},[134,14703,14704,14708,14712,14716,14723,14729],{},[137,14705,14706],{},[282,14707,11011],{"href":12795},[137,14709,14710],{},[282,14711,8927],{"href":12792},[137,14713,14714],{},[282,14715,13558],{"href":13557},[137,14717,14718],{},[282,14719,10506,14720,10510],{"href":13800},[15,14721,14722],{},"update()",[137,14724,14725],{},[282,14726,10506,14727,10510],{"href":12593},[15,14728,11090],{},[137,14730,14731],{},[282,14732,14733],{"href":14655},"How to copy a list in Python",[1715,14735,14736],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":14738},[14739,14740,14742,14743,14744,14745,14747,14753,14754,14755,14764],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":12764,"depth":76,"text":14741},"What the copy() method does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":13200,"depth":76,"text":13201},{"id":13561,"depth":76,"text":14746},"When to use copy()",{"id":13810,"depth":76,"text":14748,"children":14749},"copy() vs assignment",[14750,14751],{"id":13827,"depth":98,"text":13828},{"id":14035,"depth":98,"text":14752},"Using copy()",{"id":14266,"depth":76,"text":14267},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":14756},[14757,14759,14761,14763],{"id":14661,"depth":98,"text":14758},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14670,"depth":98,"text":14760},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14680,"depth":98,"text":14762},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14695,"depth":98,"text":14696},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12599,"description":14765},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14772,"title":14773,"body":14774,"description":16968,"extension":1746,"meta":16969,"navigation":360,"path":12795,"seo":16970,"stem":16971,"__hash__":16972},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14775,"toc":16930},[14776,14779,14785,14794,14796,14872,14876,14925,14928,14930,14944,14947,14951,14964,14967,15000,15014,15017,15029,15033,15036,15044,15124,15128,15181,15185,15203,15205,15287,15290,15292,15295,15298,15321,15345,15349,15357,15360,15364,15373,15378,15436,15440,15473,15479,15485,15488,15543,15547,15597,15600,15606,15609,15617,15619,15664,15669,15678,15681,15684,15731,15733,15738,15741,15835,15839,15892,15895,15951,15954,15958,15961,15975,15979,16045,16049,16074,16077,16081,16159,16163,16166,16169,16189,16192,16245,16249,16252,16255,16268,16270,16359,16366,16369,16380,16382,16385,16405,16409,16411,16420,16422,16461,16465,16467,16476,16485,16487,16525,16529,16576,16580,16601,16605,16608,16720,16725,16822,16844,16846,16850,16857,16861,16867,16871,16874,16878,16881,16888,16896,16898,16924,16927],[10,14777,14773],{"id":14778},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14780,14781,14782,14784],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[183,14783,8903],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14786,14787,14788,2662,14790,289],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[282,14789,8927],{"href":8926},[282,14791,14793],{"href":14792},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[129,14795,1787],{"id":1786},[31,14797,14799],{"className":33,"code":14798,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14800,14801,14809,14827,14841,14854,14858,14862],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14802,14803,14805,14807],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14804,12633],{"class":46},[40,14806,51],{"class":50},[40,14808,11263],{"class":54},[40,14810,14811,14813,14815,14817,14819,14821,14823,14825],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,14812,11268],{"class":212},[40,14814,7446],{"class":216},[40,14816,213],{"class":212},[40,14818,2669],{"class":54},[40,14820,224],{"class":212},[40,14822,1517],{"class":216},[40,14824,213],{"class":212},[40,14826,11284],{"class":54},[40,14828,14829,14831,14833,14835,14837,14839],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,14830,11268],{"class":212},[40,14832,9069],{"class":216},[40,14834,213],{"class":212},[40,14836,2669],{"class":54},[40,14838,65],{"class":58},[40,14840,11284],{"class":54},[40,14842,14843,14845,14848,14850,14852],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,14844,11268],{"class":212},[40,14846,14847],{"class":216},"is_active",[40,14849,213],{"class":212},[40,14851,2669],{"class":54},[40,14853,6200],{"class":1494},[40,14855,14856],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,14857,9079],{"class":54},[40,14859,14860],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,14861,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,14863,14864,14866,14868,14870],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,14865,101],{"class":84},[40,14867,88],{"class":54},[40,14869,13393],{"class":91},[40,14871,95],{"class":54},[20,14873,14874],{},[183,14875,111],{},[31,14877,14879],{"className":33,"code":14878,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14880,14881],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14882,14883,14885,14887,14889,14891,14893,14895,14897,14899,14901,14903,14905,14907,14909,14911,14913,14915,14917,14919,14921,14923],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14884,9048],{"class":54},[40,14886,3087],{"class":212},[40,14888,7446],{"class":216},[40,14890,3087],{"class":212},[40,14892,2669],{"class":54},[40,14894,3082],{"class":212},[40,14896,1517],{"class":216},[40,14898,3087],{"class":212},[40,14900,62],{"class":54},[40,14902,3082],{"class":212},[40,14904,9069],{"class":216},[40,14906,3087],{"class":212},[40,14908,2669],{"class":54},[40,14910,65],{"class":58},[40,14912,62],{"class":54},[40,14914,3082],{"class":212},[40,14916,14847],{"class":216},[40,14918,3087],{"class":212},[40,14920,2669],{"class":54},[40,14922,3700],{"class":1494},[40,14924,9079],{"class":54},[20,14926,14927],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[129,14929,132],{"id":131},[134,14931,14932,14935,14938,14941],{},[137,14933,14934],{},"What a dictionary is",[137,14936,14937],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[137,14939,14940],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[137,14942,14943],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[129,14945,14934],{"id":14946},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14948,8900,14949,289],{},[183,14950,8903],{},[134,14952,14953,14959],{},[137,14954,14955,14956,14958],{},"A ",[183,14957,14609],{}," is the label",[137,14960,14955,14961,14963],{},[183,14962,2255],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14965,14966],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[31,14968,14970],{"className":33,"code":14969,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14971,14972,14980,14996],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,14973,14974,14976,14978],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,14975,12633],{"class":46},[40,14977,51],{"class":50},[40,14979,11263],{"class":54},[40,14981,14982,14984,14986,14988,14990,14992,14994],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,14983,11268],{"class":212},[40,14985,7446],{"class":216},[40,14987,213],{"class":212},[40,14989,2669],{"class":54},[40,14991,224],{"class":212},[40,14993,1517],{"class":216},[40,14995,3146],{"class":212},[40,14997,14998],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,14999,9079],{"class":54},[134,15001,15002,15008],{},[137,15003,15004,15007],{},[15,15005,15006],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[137,15009,15010,15013],{},[15,15011,15012],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15015,15016],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[134,15018,15019,15021,15023,15026],{},[137,15020,7446],{},[137,15022,9069],{},[137,15024,15025],{},"email",[137,15027,15028],{},"country",[129,15030,15032],{"id":15031},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15034,15035],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15037,123,15038,15040,15041,289],{},[15,15039,3579],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15042,15043],{},"key: value",[31,15045,15047],{"className":33,"code":15046,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15048,15049,15057,15075,15089,15106,15110,15114],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15050,15051,15053,15055],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15052,12633],{"class":46},[40,15054,51],{"class":50},[40,15056,11263],{"class":54},[40,15058,15059,15061,15063,15065,15067,15069,15071,15073],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,15060,11268],{"class":212},[40,15062,7446],{"class":216},[40,15064,213],{"class":212},[40,15066,2669],{"class":54},[40,15068,224],{"class":212},[40,15070,1517],{"class":216},[40,15072,213],{"class":212},[40,15074,11284],{"class":54},[40,15076,15077,15079,15081,15083,15085,15087],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,15078,11268],{"class":212},[40,15080,9069],{"class":216},[40,15082,213],{"class":212},[40,15084,2669],{"class":54},[40,15086,65],{"class":58},[40,15088,11284],{"class":54},[40,15090,15091,15093,15096,15098,15100,15102,15104],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,15092,11268],{"class":212},[40,15094,15095],{"class":216},"course",[40,15097,213],{"class":212},[40,15099,2669],{"class":54},[40,15101,224],{"class":212},[40,15103,7074],{"class":216},[40,15105,3146],{"class":212},[40,15107,15108],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,15109,9079],{"class":54},[40,15111,15112],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,15113,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,15115,15116,15118,15120,15122],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,15117,101],{"class":84},[40,15119,88],{"class":54},[40,15121,13393],{"class":91},[40,15123,95],{"class":54},[20,15125,15126],{},[183,15127,111],{},[31,15129,15131],{"className":33,"code":15130,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15132,15133],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15134,15135,15137,15139,15141,15143,15145,15147,15149,15151,15153,15155,15157,15159,15161,15163,15165,15167,15169,15171,15173,15175,15177,15179],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15136,9048],{"class":54},[40,15138,3087],{"class":212},[40,15140,7446],{"class":216},[40,15142,3087],{"class":212},[40,15144,2669],{"class":54},[40,15146,3082],{"class":212},[40,15148,1517],{"class":216},[40,15150,3087],{"class":212},[40,15152,62],{"class":54},[40,15154,3082],{"class":212},[40,15156,9069],{"class":216},[40,15158,3087],{"class":212},[40,15160,2669],{"class":54},[40,15162,65],{"class":58},[40,15164,62],{"class":54},[40,15166,3082],{"class":212},[40,15168,15095],{"class":216},[40,15170,3087],{"class":212},[40,15172,2669],{"class":54},[40,15174,3082],{"class":212},[40,15176,7074],{"class":216},[40,15178,3087],{"class":212},[40,15180,9079],{"class":54},[792,15182,15184],{"id":15183},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[134,15186,15187,15192,15197,15200],{},[137,15188,123,15189,15191],{},[15,15190,3579],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[137,15193,15194,15195],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15196,15043],{},[137,15198,15199],{},"Separate items with commas",[137,15201,15202],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15204,195],{},[31,15206,15208],{"className":33,"code":15207,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15209,15210,15219,15239,15255,15268,15272,15276],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15211,15212,15215,15217],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15213,15214],{"class":46},"book ",[40,15216,51],{"class":50},[40,15218,11263],{"class":54},[40,15220,15221,15223,15226,15228,15230,15232,15235,15237],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,15222,11268],{"class":212},[40,15224,15225],{"class":216},"title",[40,15227,213],{"class":212},[40,15229,2669],{"class":54},[40,15231,224],{"class":212},[40,15233,15234],{"class":216},"Python Basics",[40,15236,213],{"class":212},[40,15238,11284],{"class":54},[40,15240,15241,15243,15246,15248,15250,15253],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,15242,11268],{"class":212},[40,15244,15245],{"class":216},"pages",[40,15247,213],{"class":212},[40,15249,2669],{"class":54},[40,15251,15252],{"class":58}," 150",[40,15254,11284],{"class":54},[40,15256,15257,15259,15262,15264,15266],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,15258,11268],{"class":212},[40,15260,15261],{"class":216},"available",[40,15263,213],{"class":212},[40,15265,2669],{"class":54},[40,15267,6200],{"class":1494},[40,15269,15270],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,15271,9079],{"class":54},[40,15273,15274],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,15275,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,15277,15278,15280,15282,15285],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,15279,101],{"class":84},[40,15281,88],{"class":54},[40,15283,15284],{"class":91},"book",[40,15286,95],{"class":54},[20,15288,15289],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[129,15291,9172],{"id":9171},[20,15293,15294],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15296,15297],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[31,15299,15301],{"className":33,"code":15300,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15302,15303,15311],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15304,15305,15307,15309],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15306,650],{"class":46},[40,15308,51],{"class":50},[40,15310,9607],{"class":54},[40,15312,15313,15315,15317,15319],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,15314,101],{"class":84},[40,15316,88],{"class":54},[40,15318,703],{"class":91},[40,15320,95],{"class":54},[31,15322,15323],{"className":33,"code":9175,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,15324,15325,15335],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15326,15327,15329,15331,15333],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15328,650],{"class":46},[40,15330,51],{"class":50},[40,15332,8941],{"class":609},[40,15334,8413],{"class":54},[40,15336,15337,15339,15341,15343],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,15338,101],{"class":84},[40,15340,88],{"class":54},[40,15342,703],{"class":91},[40,15344,95],{"class":54},[20,15346,15347],{},[183,15348,111],{},[31,15350,15351],{"className":33,"code":9204,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,15352,15353],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15354,15355],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15356,9204],{"class":54},[20,15358,15359],{},"Both are correct.",[792,15361,15363],{"id":15362},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15365,15366,15368,15369,15372],{},[15,15367,3579],{}," creates an empty ",[183,15370,15371],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15374,15375,15376,289],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15377,3584],{},[31,15379,15381],{"className":33,"code":15380,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15382,15383,15391,15403,15407,15421],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15384,15385,15387,15389],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15386,11493],{"class":46},[40,15388,51],{"class":50},[40,15390,9607],{"class":54},[40,15392,15393,15396,15398,15401],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,15394,15395],{"class":46},"my_set ",[40,15397,51],{"class":50},[40,15399,15400],{"class":609}," set",[40,15402,8413],{"class":54},[40,15404,15405],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,15406,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,15408,15409,15411,15413,15415,15417,15419],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,15410,101],{"class":84},[40,15412,88],{"class":54},[40,15414,1297],{"class":609},[40,15416,88],{"class":54},[40,15418,11219],{"class":91},[40,15420,256],{"class":54},[40,15422,15423,15425,15427,15429,15431,15434],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,15424,101],{"class":84},[40,15426,88],{"class":54},[40,15428,1297],{"class":609},[40,15430,88],{"class":54},[40,15432,15433],{"class":91},"my_set",[40,15435,256],{"class":54},[20,15437,15438],{},[183,15439,111],{},[31,15441,15443],{"className":33,"code":15442,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15444,15445,15459],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15446,15447,15449,15451,15453,15455,15457],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15448,3076],{"class":50},[40,15450,3079],{"class":1848},[40,15452,3082],{"class":212},[40,15454,8592],{"class":216},[40,15456,3087],{"class":212},[40,15458,3090],{"class":50},[40,15460,15461,15463,15465,15467,15469,15471],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,15462,3076],{"class":50},[40,15464,3079],{"class":1848},[40,15466,3082],{"class":212},[40,15468,6064],{"class":216},[40,15470,3087],{"class":212},[40,15472,3090],{"class":50},[129,15474,15476,15477],{"id":15475},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15478,8891],{},[20,15480,15481,15482,15484],{},"You can also use ",[15,15483,8891],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15486,15487],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[31,15489,15491],{"className":33,"code":15490,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15492,15493,15533],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15494,15495,15497,15499,15501,15503,15505,15507,15509,15511,15513,15515,15517,15519,15522,15524,15527,15529,15531],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15496,12633],{"class":46},[40,15498,51],{"class":50},[40,15500,8941],{"class":609},[40,15502,88],{"class":54},[40,15504,7446],{"class":8946},[40,15506,51],{"class":50},[40,15508,213],{"class":212},[40,15510,1517],{"class":216},[40,15512,213],{"class":212},[40,15514,62],{"class":54},[40,15516,8959],{"class":8946},[40,15518,51],{"class":50},[40,15520,15521],{"class":58},"20",[40,15523,62],{"class":54},[40,15525,15526],{"class":8946}," active",[40,15528,51],{"class":50},[40,15530,3391],{"class":1494},[40,15532,95],{"class":54},[40,15534,15535,15537,15539,15541],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,15536,101],{"class":84},[40,15538,88],{"class":54},[40,15540,13393],{"class":91},[40,15542,95],{"class":54},[20,15544,15545],{},[183,15546,111],{},[31,15548,15550],{"className":33,"code":15549,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15551,15552],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15553,15554,15556,15558,15560,15562,15564,15566,15568,15570,15572,15574,15576,15578,15580,15582,15584,15586,15589,15591,15593,15595],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15555,9048],{"class":54},[40,15557,3087],{"class":212},[40,15559,7446],{"class":216},[40,15561,3087],{"class":212},[40,15563,2669],{"class":54},[40,15565,3082],{"class":212},[40,15567,1517],{"class":216},[40,15569,3087],{"class":212},[40,15571,62],{"class":54},[40,15573,3082],{"class":212},[40,15575,9069],{"class":216},[40,15577,3087],{"class":212},[40,15579,2669],{"class":54},[40,15581,65],{"class":58},[40,15583,62],{"class":54},[40,15585,3082],{"class":212},[40,15587,15588],{"class":216},"active",[40,15590,3087],{"class":212},[40,15592,2669],{"class":54},[40,15594,3700],{"class":1494},[40,15596,9079],{"class":54},[20,15598,15599],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[792,15601,15603,15604],{"id":15602},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15605,8891],{},[20,15607,15608],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[134,15610,15611,15614],{},[137,15612,15613],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[137,15615,15616],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15618,6466],{},[31,15620,15622],{"className":33,"code":15621,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15623,15624,15654],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15625,15626,15628,15630,15632,15634,15636,15638,15640,15642,15644,15646,15648,15650,15652],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15627,11258],{"class":46},[40,15629,51],{"class":50},[40,15631,8941],{"class":609},[40,15633,88],{"class":54},[40,15635,7446],{"class":8946},[40,15637,51],{"class":50},[40,15639,213],{"class":212},[40,15641,7455],{"class":216},[40,15643,213],{"class":212},[40,15645,62],{"class":54},[40,15647,8959],{"class":8946},[40,15649,51],{"class":50},[40,15651,8964],{"class":58},[40,15653,95],{"class":54},[40,15655,15656,15658,15660,15662],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,15657,101],{"class":84},[40,15659,88],{"class":54},[40,15661,11352],{"class":91},[40,15663,95],{"class":54},[20,15665,4410,15666,15668],{},[183,15667,185],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[31,15670,15672],{"className":33,"code":15671,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15673,15674],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15675,15676],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15677,15671],{"class":3449},[20,15679,15680],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15682,15683],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[31,15685,15687],{"className":33,"code":15686,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15688,15689,15697,15713,15717,15721],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15690,15691,15693,15695],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15692,11258],{"class":46},[40,15694,51],{"class":50},[40,15696,11263],{"class":54},[40,15698,15699,15701,15703,15705,15707,15709,15711],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,15700,11268],{"class":212},[40,15702,10265],{"class":216},[40,15704,213],{"class":212},[40,15706,2669],{"class":54},[40,15708,224],{"class":212},[40,15710,7455],{"class":216},[40,15712,3146],{"class":212},[40,15714,15715],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,15716,9079],{"class":54},[40,15718,15719],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,15720,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,15722,15723,15725,15727,15729],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,15724,101],{"class":84},[40,15726,88],{"class":54},[40,15728,11352],{"class":91},[40,15730,95],{"class":54},[129,15732,9214],{"id":9213},[20,15734,15735,15737],{},[15,15736,8891],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15739,15740],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[31,15742,15744],{"className":33,"code":15743,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15745,15746,15803,15807,15821,15825],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15747,15748,15750,15752,15754,15756,15758,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768,15770,15772,15774,15776,15778,15780,15782,15784,15786,15788,15790,15792,15794,15796,15799,15801],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15749,8985],{"class":46},[40,15751,51],{"class":50},[40,15753,8990],{"class":54},[40,15755,213],{"class":212},[40,15757,7446],{"class":216},[40,15759,213],{"class":212},[40,15761,62],{"class":54},[40,15763,224],{"class":212},[40,15765,1517],{"class":216},[40,15767,213],{"class":212},[40,15769,9003],{"class":54},[40,15771,9006],{"class":54},[40,15773,213],{"class":212},[40,15775,9069],{"class":216},[40,15777,213],{"class":212},[40,15779,62],{"class":54},[40,15781,65],{"class":58},[40,15783,9003],{"class":54},[40,15785,9006],{"class":54},[40,15787,213],{"class":212},[40,15789,10178],{"class":216},[40,15791,213],{"class":212},[40,15793,62],{"class":54},[40,15795,224],{"class":212},[40,15797,15798],{"class":216},"Lima",[40,15800,213],{"class":212},[40,15802,9019],{"class":54},[40,15804,15805],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,15806,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,15808,15809,15811,15813,15815,15817,15819],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,15810,12633],{"class":46},[40,15812,51],{"class":50},[40,15814,8941],{"class":609},[40,15816,88],{"class":54},[40,15818,9032],{"class":91},[40,15820,95],{"class":54},[40,15822,15823],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,15824,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,15826,15827,15829,15831,15833],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,15828,101],{"class":84},[40,15830,88],{"class":54},[40,15832,13393],{"class":91},[40,15834,95],{"class":54},[20,15836,15837],{},[183,15838,111],{},[31,15840,15842],{"className":33,"code":15841,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15843,15844],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15845,15846,15848,15850,15852,15854,15856,15858,15860,15862,15864,15866,15868,15870,15872,15874,15876,15878,15880,15882,15884,15886,15888,15890],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15847,9048],{"class":54},[40,15849,3087],{"class":212},[40,15851,7446],{"class":216},[40,15853,3087],{"class":212},[40,15855,2669],{"class":54},[40,15857,3082],{"class":212},[40,15859,1517],{"class":216},[40,15861,3087],{"class":212},[40,15863,62],{"class":54},[40,15865,3082],{"class":212},[40,15867,9069],{"class":216},[40,15869,3087],{"class":212},[40,15871,2669],{"class":54},[40,15873,65],{"class":58},[40,15875,62],{"class":54},[40,15877,3082],{"class":212},[40,15879,10178],{"class":216},[40,15881,3087],{"class":212},[40,15883,2669],{"class":54},[40,15885,3082],{"class":212},[40,15887,15798],{"class":216},[40,15889,3087],{"class":212},[40,15891,9079],{"class":54},[20,15893,15894],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[31,15896,15898],{"className":33,"code":15897,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15899,15900,15941],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15901,15902,15904,15906,15908,15911,15913,15915,15917,15919,15921,15923,15925,15927,15929,15931,15933,15935,15937,15939],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15903,12633],{"class":46},[40,15905,51],{"class":50},[40,15907,8941],{"class":609},[40,15909,15910],{"class":54},"(((",[40,15912,213],{"class":212},[40,15914,7446],{"class":216},[40,15916,213],{"class":212},[40,15918,62],{"class":54},[40,15920,224],{"class":212},[40,15922,1517],{"class":216},[40,15924,213],{"class":212},[40,15926,9003],{"class":54},[40,15928,9006],{"class":54},[40,15930,213],{"class":212},[40,15932,9069],{"class":216},[40,15934,213],{"class":212},[40,15936,62],{"class":54},[40,15938,65],{"class":58},[40,15940,2697],{"class":54},[40,15942,15943,15945,15947,15949],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,15944,101],{"class":84},[40,15946,88],{"class":54},[40,15948,13393],{"class":91},[40,15950,95],{"class":54},[20,15952,15953],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[129,15955,15957],{"id":15956},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15959,15960],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[134,15962,15963,15966,15969,15972],{},[137,15964,15965],{},"Keys must be unique",[137,15967,15968],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[137,15970,15971],{},"Values can repeat",[137,15973,15974],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[792,15976,15978],{"id":15977},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[31,15980,15982],{"className":33,"code":15981,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15983,15984,15992,16010,16027,16031,16035],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,15985,15986,15988,15990],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,15987,650],{"class":46},[40,15989,51],{"class":50},[40,15991,11263],{"class":54},[40,15993,15994,15996,15998,16000,16002,16004,16006,16008],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,15995,11268],{"class":212},[40,15997,7446],{"class":216},[40,15999,213],{"class":212},[40,16001,2669],{"class":54},[40,16003,224],{"class":212},[40,16005,1517],{"class":216},[40,16007,213],{"class":212},[40,16009,11284],{"class":54},[40,16011,16012,16014,16016,16018,16020,16022,16025],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,16013,11268],{"class":212},[40,16015,7446],{"class":216},[40,16017,213],{"class":212},[40,16019,2669],{"class":54},[40,16021,224],{"class":212},[40,16023,16024],{"class":216},"Maria",[40,16026,3146],{"class":212},[40,16028,16029],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,16030,9079],{"class":54},[40,16032,16033],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,16034,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,16036,16037,16039,16041,16043],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,16038,101],{"class":84},[40,16040,88],{"class":54},[40,16042,703],{"class":91},[40,16044,95],{"class":54},[20,16046,16047],{},[183,16048,111],{},[31,16050,16052],{"className":33,"code":16051,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16053,16054],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16055,16056,16058,16060,16062,16064,16066,16068,16070,16072],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16057,9048],{"class":54},[40,16059,3087],{"class":212},[40,16061,7446],{"class":216},[40,16063,3087],{"class":212},[40,16065,2669],{"class":54},[40,16067,3082],{"class":212},[40,16069,16024],{"class":216},[40,16071,3087],{"class":212},[40,16073,9079],{"class":54},[20,16075,16076],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[792,16078,16080],{"id":16079},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[31,16082,16084],{"className":33,"code":16083,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16085,16086,16094,16110,16126,16140,16144,16148],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16087,16088,16090,16092],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16089,4842],{"class":46},[40,16091,51],{"class":50},[40,16093,11263],{"class":54},[40,16095,16096,16099,16101,16103,16106,16108],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,16097,16098],{"class":58},"    1",[40,16100,2669],{"class":54},[40,16102,224],{"class":212},[40,16104,16105],{"class":216},"low",[40,16107,213],{"class":212},[40,16109,11284],{"class":54},[40,16111,16112,16115,16117,16119,16122,16124],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,16113,16114],{"class":58},"    2",[40,16116,2669],{"class":54},[40,16118,224],{"class":212},[40,16120,16121],{"class":216},"medium",[40,16123,213],{"class":212},[40,16125,11284],{"class":54},[40,16127,16128,16131,16133,16135,16138],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,16129,16130],{"class":58},"    3",[40,16132,2669],{"class":54},[40,16134,224],{"class":212},[40,16136,16137],{"class":216},"high",[40,16139,3146],{"class":212},[40,16141,16142],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,16143,9079],{"class":54},[40,16145,16146],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,16147,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,16149,16150,16152,16154,16157],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,16151,101],{"class":84},[40,16153,88],{"class":54},[40,16155,16156],{"class":91},"scores",[40,16158,95],{"class":54},[792,16160,16162],{"id":16161},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16164,16165],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16167,16168],{},"This will cause an error:",[31,16170,16172],{"className":33,"code":16171,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16173,16174,16179,16184],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16175,16176],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16177,16178],{"class":3449},"# bad = {\n",[40,16180,16181],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,16182,16183],{"class":3449},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[40,16185,16186],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,16187,16188],{"class":3449},"# }\n",[20,16190,16191],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[31,16193,16195],{"className":33,"code":16194,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16196,16197,16206,16226,16230,16234],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16198,16199,16202,16204],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16200,16201],{"class":46},"good ",[40,16203,51],{"class":50},[40,16205,11263],{"class":54},[40,16207,16208,16211,16213,16215,16217,16220,16222,16224],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,16209,16210],{"class":54},"    (",[40,16212,658],{"class":58},[40,16214,62],{"class":54},[40,16216,663],{"class":58},[40,16218,16219],{"class":54},"):",[40,16221,224],{"class":212},[40,16223,92],{"class":216},[40,16225,3146],{"class":212},[40,16227,16228],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,16229,9079],{"class":54},[40,16231,16232],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,16233,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,16235,16236,16238,16240,16243],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,16237,101],{"class":84},[40,16239,88],{"class":54},[40,16241,16242],{"class":91},"good",[40,16244,95],{"class":54},[129,16246,16248],{"id":16247},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16250,16251],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16253,16254],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[134,16256,16257,16260,16262,16265],{},[137,16258,16259],{},"user data",[137,16261,13652],{},[137,16263,16264],{},"counters",[137,16266,16267],{},"lookups",[20,16269,195],{},[31,16271,16273],{"className":33,"code":16272,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16274,16275,16283,16302,16321,16333,16337,16341],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16276,16277,16279,16281],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16278,11258],{"class":46},[40,16280,51],{"class":50},[40,16282,11263],{"class":54},[40,16284,16285,16287,16289,16291,16293,16295,16298,16300],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,16286,11268],{"class":212},[40,16288,7760],{"class":216},[40,16290,213],{"class":212},[40,16292,2669],{"class":54},[40,16294,224],{"class":212},[40,16296,16297],{"class":216},"ana123",[40,16299,213],{"class":212},[40,16301,11284],{"class":54},[40,16303,16304,16306,16308,16310,16312,16314,16317,16319],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,16305,11268],{"class":212},[40,16307,15025],{"class":216},[40,16309,213],{"class":212},[40,16311,2669],{"class":54},[40,16313,224],{"class":212},[40,16315,16316],{"class":216},"ana@example.com",[40,16318,213],{"class":212},[40,16320,11284],{"class":54},[40,16322,16323,16325,16327,16329,16331],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,16324,11268],{"class":212},[40,16326,12284],{"class":216},[40,16328,213],{"class":212},[40,16330,2669],{"class":54},[40,16332,6200],{"class":1494},[40,16334,16335],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,16336,9079],{"class":54},[40,16338,16339],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,16340,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,16342,16343,16345,16347,16349,16351,16353,16355,16357],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,16344,101],{"class":84},[40,16346,88],{"class":54},[40,16348,11352],{"class":91},[40,16350,565],{"class":54},[40,16352,213],{"class":212},[40,16354,15025],{"class":216},[40,16356,213],{"class":212},[40,16358,570],{"class":54},[20,16360,16361,16362,289],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[282,16363,16365],{"href":16364},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16367,16368],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[134,16370,16371,16374,16377],{},[137,16372,16373],{},"labels are not needed",[137,16375,16376],{},"you mostly care about position",[137,16378,16379],{},"order matters more than named fields",[129,16381,2613],{"id":2612},[20,16383,16384],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[134,16386,16387,16390,16393,16396,16399],{},[137,16388,16389],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[137,16391,16392],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[137,16394,16395],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[137,16397,16398],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[137,16400,16401,16402,16404],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16403,3579],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[792,16406,16408],{"id":16407},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16410,807],{},[31,16412,16414],{"className":33,"code":16413,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16415,16416],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16417,16418],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16419,16413],{"class":3449},[20,16421,850],{},[31,16423,16425],{"className":33,"code":16424,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16426,16427,16451],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16428,16429,16431,16433,16435,16437,16439,16441,16443,16445,16447,16449],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16430,12633],{"class":46},[40,16432,51],{"class":50},[40,16434,10260],{"class":54},[40,16436,213],{"class":212},[40,16438,7446],{"class":216},[40,16440,213],{"class":212},[40,16442,2669],{"class":54},[40,16444,224],{"class":212},[40,16446,1517],{"class":216},[40,16448,213],{"class":212},[40,16450,9079],{"class":54},[40,16452,16453,16455,16457,16459],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,16454,101],{"class":84},[40,16456,88],{"class":54},[40,16458,13393],{"class":91},[40,16460,95],{"class":54},[792,16462,16464],{"id":16463},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16466,807],{},[31,16468,16470],{"className":33,"code":16469,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16471,16472],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16473,16474],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16475,16469],{"class":3449},[20,16477,16478,16479,16481,16482,16484],{},"This only works if ",[15,16480,7446],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16483,15006],{},", use quotes.",[20,16486,850],{},[31,16488,16489],{"className":33,"code":16424,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,16490,16491,16515],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16492,16493,16495,16497,16499,16501,16503,16505,16507,16509,16511,16513],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16494,12633],{"class":46},[40,16496,51],{"class":50},[40,16498,10260],{"class":54},[40,16500,213],{"class":212},[40,16502,7446],{"class":216},[40,16504,213],{"class":212},[40,16506,2669],{"class":54},[40,16508,224],{"class":212},[40,16510,1517],{"class":216},[40,16512,213],{"class":212},[40,16514,9079],{"class":54},[40,16516,16517,16519,16521,16523],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,16518,101],{"class":84},[40,16520,88],{"class":54},[40,16522,13393],{"class":91},[40,16524,95],{"class":54},[792,16526,16528],{"id":16527},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[31,16530,16532],{"className":33,"code":16531,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16533,16534,16566],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16535,16536,16538,16540,16542,16544,16546,16548,16550,16552,16554,16556,16558,16560,16562,16564],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16537,650],{"class":46},[40,16539,51],{"class":50},[40,16541,10260],{"class":54},[40,16543,213],{"class":212},[40,16545,9069],{"class":216},[40,16547,213],{"class":212},[40,16549,2669],{"class":54},[40,16551,65],{"class":58},[40,16553,62],{"class":54},[40,16555,224],{"class":212},[40,16557,9069],{"class":216},[40,16559,213],{"class":212},[40,16561,2669],{"class":54},[40,16563,70],{"class":58},[40,16565,9079],{"class":54},[40,16567,16568,16570,16572,16574],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,16569,101],{"class":84},[40,16571,88],{"class":54},[40,16573,703],{"class":91},[40,16575,95],{"class":54},[20,16577,16578],{},[183,16579,111],{},[31,16581,16583],{"className":33,"code":16582,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16584,16585],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16586,16587,16589,16591,16593,16595,16597,16599],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16588,9048],{"class":54},[40,16590,3087],{"class":212},[40,16592,9069],{"class":216},[40,16594,3087],{"class":212},[40,16596,2669],{"class":54},[40,16598,70],{"class":58},[40,16600,9079],{"class":54},[129,16602,16604],{"id":16603},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16606,16607],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[31,16609,16611],{"className":33,"code":16610,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16612,16613,16649,16653,16663,16677,16692,16706],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16614,16615,16617,16619,16621,16623,16625,16627,16629,16631,16633,16635,16637,16639,16641,16643,16645,16647],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16616,11493],{"class":46},[40,16618,51],{"class":50},[40,16620,10260],{"class":54},[40,16622,213],{"class":212},[40,16624,7446],{"class":216},[40,16626,213],{"class":212},[40,16628,2669],{"class":54},[40,16630,224],{"class":212},[40,16632,1517],{"class":216},[40,16634,213],{"class":212},[40,16636,62],{"class":54},[40,16638,224],{"class":212},[40,16640,9069],{"class":216},[40,16642,213],{"class":212},[40,16644,2669],{"class":54},[40,16646,65],{"class":58},[40,16648,9079],{"class":54},[40,16650,16651],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,16652,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,16654,16655,16657,16659,16661],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,16656,101],{"class":84},[40,16658,88],{"class":54},[40,16660,11219],{"class":91},[40,16662,95],{"class":54},[40,16664,16665,16667,16669,16671,16673,16675],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,16666,101],{"class":84},[40,16668,88],{"class":54},[40,16670,1297],{"class":609},[40,16672,88],{"class":54},[40,16674,11219],{"class":91},[40,16676,256],{"class":54},[40,16678,16679,16681,16683,16685,16687,16690],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,16680,101],{"class":84},[40,16682,88],{"class":54},[40,16684,11219],{"class":91},[40,16686,289],{"class":54},[40,16688,16689],{"class":91},"keys",[40,16691,847],{"class":54},[40,16693,16694,16696,16698,16700,16702,16704],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,16695,101],{"class":84},[40,16697,88],{"class":54},[40,16699,11219],{"class":91},[40,16701,289],{"class":54},[40,16703,5137],{"class":91},[40,16705,847],{"class":54},[40,16707,16708,16710,16712,16714,16716,16718],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,16709,101],{"class":84},[40,16711,88],{"class":54},[40,16713,17],{"class":84},[40,16715,88],{"class":54},[40,16717,11219],{"class":91},[40,16719,256],{"class":54},[20,16721,16722],{},[183,16723,16724],{},"Example output:",[31,16726,16728],{"className":33,"code":16727,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16729,16730,16762,16776,16799,16818],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,16731,16732,16734,16736,16738,16740,16742,16744,16746,16748,16750,16752,16754,16756,16758,16760],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,16733,9048],{"class":54},[40,16735,3087],{"class":212},[40,16737,7446],{"class":216},[40,16739,3087],{"class":212},[40,16741,2669],{"class":54},[40,16743,3082],{"class":212},[40,16745,1517],{"class":216},[40,16747,3087],{"class":212},[40,16749,62],{"class":54},[40,16751,3082],{"class":212},[40,16753,9069],{"class":216},[40,16755,3087],{"class":212},[40,16757,2669],{"class":54},[40,16759,65],{"class":58},[40,16761,9079],{"class":54},[40,16763,16764,16766,16768,16770,16772,16774],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,16765,3076],{"class":50},[40,16767,3079],{"class":1848},[40,16769,3082],{"class":212},[40,16771,8592],{"class":216},[40,16773,3087],{"class":212},[40,16775,3090],{"class":50},[40,16777,16778,16781,16783,16785,16787,16789,16791,16793,16795,16797],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,16779,16780],{"class":91},"dict_keys",[40,16782,2771],{"class":54},[40,16784,3087],{"class":212},[40,16786,7446],{"class":216},[40,16788,3087],{"class":212},[40,16790,62],{"class":54},[40,16792,3082],{"class":212},[40,16794,9069],{"class":216},[40,16796,3087],{"class":212},[40,16798,570],{"class":54},[40,16800,16801,16804,16806,16808,16810,16812,16814,16816],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,16802,16803],{"class":91},"dict_values",[40,16805,2771],{"class":54},[40,16807,3087],{"class":212},[40,16809,1517],{"class":216},[40,16811,3087],{"class":212},[40,16813,62],{"class":54},[40,16815,65],{"class":58},[40,16817,570],{"class":54},[40,16819,16820],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,16821,1489],{"class":58},[20,16823,16824,16825,1973,16831,16837,16838,289],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[282,16826,10506,16828],{"href":16827},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16829,16830],{},"keys()",[282,16832,10506,16834],{"href":16833},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16835,16836],{},"values()",", and ",[282,16839,10506,16841],{"href":16840},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16842,16843],{},"items()",[129,16845,1636],{"id":1635},[792,16847,16849],{"id":16848},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16851,123,16852,2662,16854,16856],{},[15,16853,3579],{},[15,16855,8891],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[792,16858,16860],{"id":16859},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16862,16863,16864,289],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16865,16866],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[792,16868,16870],{"id":16869},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16872,16873],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[792,16875,16877],{"id":16876},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16879,16880],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[792,16882,4957,16884,4176,16886,2275],{"id":16883},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16885,3579],{},[15,16887,8891],{},[20,16889,16890,16892,16893,16895],{},[15,16891,3579],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16894,8891],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[129,16897,1687],{"id":1686},[134,16899,16900,16904,16910,16914,16920],{},[137,16901,16902],{},[282,16903,8927],{"href":8926},[137,16905,16906],{},[282,16907,10506,16908,10510],{"href":10505},[15,16909,10509],{},[137,16911,16912],{},[282,16913,11020],{"href":10500},[137,16915,16916],{},[282,16917,16919],{"href":16918},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[137,16921,16922],{},[282,16923,11031],{"href":10844},[20,16925,16926],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1715,16928,16929],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":16931},[16932,16933,16934,16935,16938,16941,16946,16947,16952,16953,16958,16959,16967],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":131,"depth":76,"text":132},{"id":14946,"depth":76,"text":14934},{"id":15031,"depth":76,"text":15032,"children":16936},[16937],{"id":15183,"depth":98,"text":15184},{"id":9171,"depth":76,"text":9172,"children":16939},[16940],{"id":15362,"depth":98,"text":15363},{"id":15475,"depth":76,"text":16942,"children":16943},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16944],{"id":15602,"depth":98,"text":16945},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9213,"depth":76,"text":9214},{"id":15956,"depth":76,"text":15957,"children":16948},[16949,16950,16951],{"id":15977,"depth":98,"text":15978},{"id":16079,"depth":98,"text":16080},{"id":16161,"depth":98,"text":16162},{"id":16247,"depth":76,"text":16248},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":16954},[16955,16956,16957],{"id":16407,"depth":98,"text":16408},{"id":16463,"depth":98,"text":16464},{"id":16527,"depth":98,"text":16528},{"id":16603,"depth":76,"text":16604},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":16960},[16961,16962,16963,16964,16965],{"id":16848,"depth":98,"text":16849},{"id":16859,"depth":98,"text":16860},{"id":16869,"depth":98,"text":16870},{"id":16876,"depth":98,"text":16877},{"id":16883,"depth":98,"text":16966},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14773,"description":16968},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16974,"title":16975,"body":16976,"description":19421,"extension":1746,"meta":19422,"navigation":360,"path":19423,"seo":19424,"stem":19425,"__hash__":19426},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16977,"toc":19377},[16978,16984,16990,16993,16996,16998,17080,17086,17091,17095,17113,17125,17130,17134,17157,17161,17173,17181,17185,17191,17193,17196,17269,17271,17316,17318,17335,17340,17346,17351,17425,17427,17472,17475,17486,17488,17607,17609,17662,17669,17673,17676,17693,17699,17703,17801,17803,17854,17860,17864,17870,17873,17876,17903,17908,17912,17915,18019,18021,18066,18069,18072,18077,18082,18093,18095,18156,18216,18222,18230,18236,18241,18246,18306,18310,18377,18380,18384,18455,18458,18471,18478,18480,18484,18488,18559,18561,18598,18601,18603,18666,18673,18676,18718,18727,18730,18799,18805,18810,18894,18896,18945,18952,18958,19003,19005,19038,19043,19047,19053,19092,19136,19204,19247,19249,19255,19258,19262,19267,19271,19274,19278,19280,19341,19343,19369,19374],[10,16979,11087,16981,11091],{"id":16980},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16982,16983],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16985,16986,16989],{},[15,16987,16988],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16991,16992],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16994,16995],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[129,16997,1787],{"id":1786},[31,16999,17001],{"className":33,"code":17000,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17002,17003,17036,17064,17075],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17004,17005,17008,17010,17012,17014,17016,17018,17020,17022,17024,17026,17028,17030,17032,17034],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17006,17007],{"class":46},"keys ",[40,17009,51],{"class":50},[40,17011,55],{"class":54},[40,17013,213],{"class":212},[40,17015,7446],{"class":216},[40,17017,213],{"class":212},[40,17019,62],{"class":54},[40,17021,224],{"class":212},[40,17023,9069],{"class":216},[40,17025,213],{"class":212},[40,17027,62],{"class":54},[40,17029,224],{"class":212},[40,17031,10178],{"class":216},[40,17033,213],{"class":212},[40,17035,73],{"class":54},[40,17037,17038,17040,17042,17044,17046,17049,17051,17053,17055,17057,17060,17062],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,17039,12971],{"class":46},[40,17041,51],{"class":50},[40,17043,8941],{"class":609},[40,17045,289],{"class":54},[40,17047,17048],{"class":91},"fromkeys",[40,17050,88],{"class":54},[40,17052,16689],{"class":91},[40,17054,62],{"class":54},[40,17056,224],{"class":212},[40,17058,17059],{"class":216},"unknown",[40,17061,213],{"class":212},[40,17063,95],{"class":54},[40,17065,17066,17068,17070,17073],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,17067,101],{"class":84},[40,17069,88],{"class":54},[40,17071,17072],{"class":91},"person",[40,17074,95],{"class":54},[40,17076,17077],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,17078,17079],{"class":3449},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17081,123,17082,17085],{},[15,17083,17084],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[129,17087,158,17089,3466],{"id":17088},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17090,16988],{},[20,17092,17093,2669],{},[15,17094,16988],{},[134,17096,17097,17100,17103,17106],{},[137,17098,17099],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[137,17101,17102],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[137,17104,17105],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[137,17107,17108,17109,17112],{},"Is called as ",[15,17110,17111],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17114,17115,17116,17118,17119,17121,17122,289],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17117,8592],{},", so you write ",[15,17120,17111],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17123,17124],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17126,17127,17128,289],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[282,17129,8927],{"href":12792},[129,17131,17133],{"id":17132},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[31,17135,17137],{"className":33,"code":17136,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17138,17139],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17140,17141,17143,17145,17147,17149,17151,17153,17155],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17142,8592],{"class":609},[40,17144,289],{"class":54},[40,17146,17048],{"class":91},[40,17148,88],{"class":54},[40,17150,3507],{"class":91},[40,17152,62],{"class":54},[40,17154,8203],{"class":91},[40,17156,95],{"class":54},[792,17158,17160],{"id":17159},"parameters","Parameters",[134,17162,17163,17168],{},[137,17164,17165,17167],{},[15,17166,3507],{},": the keys to use",[137,17169,17170,17172],{},[15,17171,2255],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17174,17175,17176,17178,17179,289],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17177,2255],{},", each key gets ",[15,17180,3565],{},[792,17182,17184],{"id":17183},"return-value","Return value",[20,17186,17187,17188,289],{},"It returns a ",[183,17189,17190],{},"new dictionary",[129,17192,293],{"id":292},[20,17194,17195],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[31,17197,17199],{"className":33,"code":17198,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17200,17201,17233,17255,17259],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17202,17203,17205,17207,17209,17211,17213,17215,17217,17219,17221,17223,17225,17227,17229,17231],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17204,17007],{"class":46},[40,17206,51],{"class":50},[40,17208,55],{"class":54},[40,17210,213],{"class":212},[40,17212,318],{"class":216},[40,17214,213],{"class":212},[40,17216,62],{"class":54},[40,17218,224],{"class":212},[40,17220,327],{"class":216},[40,17222,213],{"class":212},[40,17224,62],{"class":54},[40,17226,224],{"class":212},[40,17228,336],{"class":216},[40,17230,213],{"class":212},[40,17232,73],{"class":54},[40,17234,17235,17237,17239,17241,17243,17245,17247,17249,17251,17253],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,17236,309],{"class":46},[40,17238,51],{"class":50},[40,17240,8941],{"class":609},[40,17242,289],{"class":54},[40,17244,17048],{"class":91},[40,17246,88],{"class":54},[40,17248,16689],{"class":91},[40,17250,62],{"class":54},[40,17252,550],{"class":58},[40,17254,95],{"class":54},[40,17256,17257],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,17258,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,17260,17261,17263,17265,17267],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,17262,101],{"class":84},[40,17264,88],{"class":54},[40,17266,353],{"class":91},[40,17268,95],{"class":54},[20,17270,111],{},[31,17272,17274],{"className":33,"code":17273,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17275,17276],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17277,17278,17280,17282,17284,17286,17288,17290,17292,17294,17296,17298,17300,17302,17304,17306,17308,17310,17312,17314],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17279,9048],{"class":54},[40,17281,3087],{"class":212},[40,17283,318],{"class":216},[40,17285,3087],{"class":212},[40,17287,2669],{"class":54},[40,17289,550],{"class":58},[40,17291,62],{"class":54},[40,17293,3082],{"class":212},[40,17295,327],{"class":216},[40,17297,3087],{"class":212},[40,17299,2669],{"class":54},[40,17301,550],{"class":58},[40,17303,62],{"class":54},[40,17305,3082],{"class":212},[40,17307,336],{"class":216},[40,17309,3087],{"class":212},[40,17311,2669],{"class":54},[40,17313,550],{"class":58},[40,17315,9079],{"class":54},[20,17317,385],{},[134,17319,17320,17325,17330],{},[137,17321,17322,17324],{},[15,17323,16689],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[137,17326,17327,17329],{},[15,17328,192],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[137,17331,17332,17334],{},[15,17333,16988],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17336,17337,17338,289],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[282,17339,9161],{"href":12795},[129,17341,795,17343,17345],{"id":17342},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17344,16983],{}," without a value",[20,17347,17348,17349,289],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17350,3565],{},[31,17352,17354],{"className":33,"code":17353,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17355,17356,17390,17410,17414],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17357,17358,17361,17363,17365,17367,17369,17371,17373,17375,17377,17379,17381,17383,17386,17388],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17359,17360],{"class":46},"fields ",[40,17362,51],{"class":50},[40,17364,55],{"class":54},[40,17366,213],{"class":212},[40,17368,7760],{"class":216},[40,17370,213],{"class":212},[40,17372,62],{"class":54},[40,17374,224],{"class":212},[40,17376,15025],{"class":216},[40,17378,213],{"class":212},[40,17380,62],{"class":54},[40,17382,224],{"class":212},[40,17384,17385],{"class":216},"password",[40,17387,213],{"class":212},[40,17389,73],{"class":54},[40,17391,17392,17395,17397,17399,17401,17403,17405,17408],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,17393,17394],{"class":46},"user_data ",[40,17396,51],{"class":50},[40,17398,8941],{"class":609},[40,17400,289],{"class":54},[40,17402,17048],{"class":91},[40,17404,88],{"class":54},[40,17406,17407],{"class":91},"fields",[40,17409,95],{"class":54},[40,17411,17412],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,17413,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,17415,17416,17418,17420,17423],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,17417,101],{"class":84},[40,17419,88],{"class":54},[40,17421,17422],{"class":91},"user_data",[40,17424,95],{"class":54},[20,17426,111],{},[31,17428,17430],{"className":33,"code":17429,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17431,17432],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17433,17434,17436,17438,17440,17442,17444,17446,17448,17450,17452,17454,17456,17458,17460,17462,17464,17466,17468,17470],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17435,9048],{"class":54},[40,17437,3087],{"class":212},[40,17439,7760],{"class":216},[40,17441,3087],{"class":212},[40,17443,2669],{"class":54},[40,17445,3639],{"class":1494},[40,17447,62],{"class":54},[40,17449,3082],{"class":212},[40,17451,15025],{"class":216},[40,17453,3087],{"class":212},[40,17455,2669],{"class":54},[40,17457,3639],{"class":1494},[40,17459,62],{"class":54},[40,17461,3082],{"class":212},[40,17463,17385],{"class":216},[40,17465,3087],{"class":212},[40,17467,2669],{"class":54},[40,17469,3639],{"class":1494},[40,17471,9079],{"class":54},[20,17473,17474],{},"This is useful when:",[134,17476,17477,17480,17483],{},[137,17478,17479],{},"You want to create the keys first",[137,17481,17482],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[137,17484,17485],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17487,195],{},[31,17489,17491],{"className":33,"code":17490,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17492,17493,17525,17543,17547,17570,17593,17597],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17494,17495,17497,17499,17501,17503,17505,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521,17523],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17496,17360],{"class":46},[40,17498,51],{"class":50},[40,17500,55],{"class":54},[40,17502,213],{"class":212},[40,17504,7760],{"class":216},[40,17506,213],{"class":212},[40,17508,62],{"class":54},[40,17510,224],{"class":212},[40,17512,15025],{"class":216},[40,17514,213],{"class":212},[40,17516,62],{"class":54},[40,17518,224],{"class":212},[40,17520,17385],{"class":216},[40,17522,213],{"class":212},[40,17524,73],{"class":54},[40,17526,17527,17529,17531,17533,17535,17537,17539,17541],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,17528,17394],{"class":46},[40,17530,51],{"class":50},[40,17532,8941],{"class":609},[40,17534,289],{"class":54},[40,17536,17048],{"class":91},[40,17538,88],{"class":54},[40,17540,17407],{"class":91},[40,17542,95],{"class":54},[40,17544,17545],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,17546,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,17548,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17565,17568],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,17550,17422],{"class":46},[40,17552,565],{"class":54},[40,17554,213],{"class":212},[40,17556,7760],{"class":216},[40,17558,213],{"class":212},[40,17560,13040],{"class":54},[40,17562,13043],{"class":50},[40,17564,224],{"class":212},[40,17566,17567],{"class":216},"alice",[40,17569,3146],{"class":212},[40,17571,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586,17588,17591],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,17573,17422],{"class":46},[40,17575,565],{"class":54},[40,17577,213],{"class":212},[40,17579,15025],{"class":216},[40,17581,213],{"class":212},[40,17583,13040],{"class":54},[40,17585,13043],{"class":50},[40,17587,224],{"class":212},[40,17589,17590],{"class":216},"alice@example.com",[40,17592,3146],{"class":212},[40,17594,17595],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,17596,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,17598,17599,17601,17603,17605],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,17600,101],{"class":84},[40,17602,88],{"class":54},[40,17604,17422],{"class":91},[40,17606,95],{"class":54},[20,17608,111],{},[31,17610,17612],{"className":33,"code":17611,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17613,17614],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17615,17616,17618,17620,17622,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640,17642,17644,17646,17648,17650,17652,17654,17656,17658,17660],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17617,9048],{"class":54},[40,17619,3087],{"class":212},[40,17621,7760],{"class":216},[40,17623,3087],{"class":212},[40,17625,2669],{"class":54},[40,17627,3082],{"class":212},[40,17629,17567],{"class":216},[40,17631,3087],{"class":212},[40,17633,62],{"class":54},[40,17635,3082],{"class":212},[40,17637,15025],{"class":216},[40,17639,3087],{"class":212},[40,17641,2669],{"class":54},[40,17643,3082],{"class":212},[40,17645,17590],{"class":216},[40,17647,3087],{"class":212},[40,17649,62],{"class":54},[40,17651,3082],{"class":212},[40,17653,17385],{"class":216},[40,17655,3087],{"class":212},[40,17657,2669],{"class":54},[40,17659,3639],{"class":1494},[40,17661,9079],{"class":54},[20,17663,17664,17665,289],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[282,17666,17668],{"href":17667},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[129,17670,17672],{"id":17671},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17674,17675],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[134,17677,17678,17683,17688],{},[137,17679,17680,17682],{},[15,17681,3574],{}," (list)",[137,17684,17685,17687],{},[15,17686,3579],{}," (dictionary)",[137,17689,17690,17692],{},[15,17691,3584],{}," (set)",[20,17694,17695,17696,289],{},"All keys will point to the ",[183,17697,17698],{},"same object",[792,17700,17702],{"id":17701},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[31,17704,17706],{"className":33,"code":17705,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17707,17708,17740,17761,17765,17787,17791],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17709,17710,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736,17738],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17711,17007],{"class":46},[40,17713,51],{"class":50},[40,17715,55],{"class":54},[40,17717,213],{"class":212},[40,17719,282],{"class":216},[40,17721,213],{"class":212},[40,17723,62],{"class":54},[40,17725,224],{"class":212},[40,17727,1017],{"class":216},[40,17729,213],{"class":212},[40,17731,62],{"class":54},[40,17733,224],{"class":212},[40,17735,1026],{"class":216},[40,17737,213],{"class":212},[40,17739,73],{"class":54},[40,17741,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,17743,650],{"class":46},[40,17745,51],{"class":50},[40,17747,8941],{"class":609},[40,17749,289],{"class":54},[40,17751,17048],{"class":91},[40,17753,88],{"class":54},[40,17755,16689],{"class":91},[40,17757,62],{"class":54},[40,17759,17760],{"class":54}," [])\n",[40,17762,17763],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,17764,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,17766,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17779,17781,17783,17785],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,17768,703],{"class":46},[40,17770,565],{"class":54},[40,17772,213],{"class":212},[40,17774,282],{"class":216},[40,17776,213],{"class":212},[40,17778,13317],{"class":54},[40,17780,13320],{"class":91},[40,17782,88],{"class":54},[40,17784,658],{"class":58},[40,17786,95],{"class":54},[40,17788,17789],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,17790,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,17792,17793,17795,17797,17799],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,17794,101],{"class":84},[40,17796,88],{"class":54},[40,17798,703],{"class":91},[40,17800,95],{"class":54},[20,17802,111],{},[31,17804,17806],{"className":33,"code":17805,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17807,17808],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17809,17810,17812,17814,17816,17818,17820,17822,17824,17826,17828,17830,17832,17834,17836,17838,17840,17842,17844,17846,17848,17850,17852],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17811,9048],{"class":54},[40,17813,3087],{"class":212},[40,17815,282],{"class":216},[40,17817,3087],{"class":212},[40,17819,2669],{"class":54},[40,17821,55],{"class":54},[40,17823,658],{"class":58},[40,17825,666],{"class":54},[40,17827,3082],{"class":212},[40,17829,1017],{"class":216},[40,17831,3087],{"class":212},[40,17833,2669],{"class":54},[40,17835,55],{"class":54},[40,17837,658],{"class":58},[40,17839,666],{"class":54},[40,17841,3082],{"class":212},[40,17843,1026],{"class":216},[40,17845,3087],{"class":212},[40,17847,2669],{"class":54},[40,17849,55],{"class":54},[40,17851,658],{"class":58},[40,17853,13473],{"class":54},[20,17855,17856,17857,17859],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17858,1076],{}," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[792,17861,17863],{"id":17862},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17865,17866,17869],{},[15,17867,17868],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17871,17872],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17874,17875],{},"So this:",[31,17877,17879],{"className":33,"code":17878,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17880,17881],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17882,17883,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17884,703],{"class":46},[40,17886,565],{"class":54},[40,17888,213],{"class":212},[40,17890,282],{"class":216},[40,17892,213],{"class":212},[40,17894,13317],{"class":54},[40,17896,13320],{"class":91},[40,17898,88],{"class":54},[40,17900,658],{"class":58},[40,17902,95],{"class":54},[20,17904,17905,17906,289],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17907,1076],{},[792,17909,17911],{"id":17910},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17913,17914],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[31,17916,17918],{"className":33,"code":17917,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17919,17920,17952,17979,17983,18005,18009],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,17921,17922,17924,17926,17928,17930,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,17923,17007],{"class":46},[40,17925,51],{"class":50},[40,17927,55],{"class":54},[40,17929,213],{"class":212},[40,17931,282],{"class":216},[40,17933,213],{"class":212},[40,17935,62],{"class":54},[40,17937,224],{"class":212},[40,17939,1017],{"class":216},[40,17941,213],{"class":212},[40,17943,62],{"class":54},[40,17945,224],{"class":212},[40,17947,1026],{"class":216},[40,17949,213],{"class":212},[40,17951,73],{"class":54},[40,17953,17954,17956,17958,17960,17962,17964,17967,17969,17972,17974,17977],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,17955,650],{"class":46},[40,17957,51],{"class":50},[40,17959,10260],{"class":54},[40,17961,14609],{"class":46},[40,17963,2669],{"class":54},[40,17965,17966],{"class":54}," []",[40,17968,3663],{"class":535},[40,17970,17971],{"class":46}," key ",[40,17973,1554],{"class":535},[40,17975,17976],{"class":46}," keys",[40,17978,9079],{"class":54},[40,17980,17981],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,17982,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,17984,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997,17999,18001,18003],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,17986,703],{"class":46},[40,17988,565],{"class":54},[40,17990,213],{"class":212},[40,17992,282],{"class":216},[40,17994,213],{"class":212},[40,17996,13317],{"class":54},[40,17998,13320],{"class":91},[40,18000,88],{"class":54},[40,18002,658],{"class":58},[40,18004,95],{"class":54},[40,18006,18007],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,18008,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,18010,18011,18013,18015,18017],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,18012,101],{"class":84},[40,18014,88],{"class":54},[40,18016,703],{"class":91},[40,18018,95],{"class":54},[20,18020,111],{},[31,18022,18024],{"className":33,"code":18023,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18025,18026],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18027,18028,18030,18032,18034,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18029,9048],{"class":54},[40,18031,3087],{"class":212},[40,18033,282],{"class":216},[40,18035,3087],{"class":212},[40,18037,2669],{"class":54},[40,18039,55],{"class":54},[40,18041,658],{"class":58},[40,18043,666],{"class":54},[40,18045,3082],{"class":212},[40,18047,1017],{"class":216},[40,18049,3087],{"class":212},[40,18051,2669],{"class":54},[40,18053,18054],{"class":54}," [],",[40,18056,3082],{"class":212},[40,18058,1026],{"class":216},[40,18060,3087],{"class":212},[40,18062,2669],{"class":54},[40,18064,18065],{"class":54}," []}\n",[20,18067,18068],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18070,18071],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[129,18073,1345,18075],{"id":18074},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18076,16983],{},[20,18078,18079,18081],{},[15,18080,16988],{}," is a good choice when:",[134,18083,18084,18087,18090],{},[137,18085,18086],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[137,18088,18089],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[137,18091,18092],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18094,1908],{},[31,18096,18098],{"className":33,"code":18097,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18099,18100,18145],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18101,18102,18105,18107,18109,18111,18113,18115,18117,18120,18122,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132,18134,18137,18139,18141,18143],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18103,18104],{"class":46},"flags ",[40,18106,51],{"class":50},[40,18108,8941],{"class":609},[40,18110,289],{"class":54},[40,18112,17048],{"class":91},[40,18114,2771],{"class":54},[40,18116,213],{"class":212},[40,18118,18119],{"class":216},"is_admin",[40,18121,213],{"class":212},[40,18123,62],{"class":54},[40,18125,224],{"class":212},[40,18127,14847],{"class":216},[40,18129,213],{"class":212},[40,18131,62],{"class":54},[40,18133,224],{"class":212},[40,18135,18136],{"class":216},"is_verified",[40,18138,213],{"class":212},[40,18140,666],{"class":54},[40,18142,3691],{"class":1494},[40,18144,95],{"class":54},[40,18146,18147,18149,18151,18154],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,18148,101],{"class":84},[40,18150,88],{"class":54},[40,18152,18153],{"class":91},"flags",[40,18155,95],{"class":54},[31,18157,18159],{"className":33,"code":18158,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18160,18161,18206],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18162,18163,18165,18167,18169,18171,18173,18175,18177,18180,18182,18184,18186,18189,18191,18193,18195,18198,18200,18202,18204],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18164,4842],{"class":46},[40,18166,51],{"class":50},[40,18168,8941],{"class":609},[40,18170,289],{"class":54},[40,18172,17048],{"class":91},[40,18174,2771],{"class":54},[40,18176,213],{"class":212},[40,18178,18179],{"class":216},"math",[40,18181,213],{"class":212},[40,18183,62],{"class":54},[40,18185,224],{"class":212},[40,18187,18188],{"class":216},"science",[40,18190,213],{"class":212},[40,18192,62],{"class":54},[40,18194,224],{"class":212},[40,18196,18197],{"class":216},"history",[40,18199,213],{"class":212},[40,18201,666],{"class":54},[40,18203,550],{"class":58},[40,18205,95],{"class":54},[40,18207,18208,18210,18212,18214],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,18209,101],{"class":84},[40,18211,88],{"class":54},[40,18213,16156],{"class":91},[40,18215,95],{"class":54},[20,18217,18218,18219,18221],{},"It is ",[183,18220,185],{}," the best choice when:",[134,18223,18224,18227],{},[137,18225,18226],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[137,18228,18229],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[129,18231,18233,18235],{"id":18232},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18234,16983],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18237,18238,18240],{},[15,18239,16983],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[792,18242,795,18244],{"id":18243},"using-fromkeys",[15,18245,16983],{},[31,18247,18249],{"className":33,"code":18248,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18250,18251,18296],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18252,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267,18270,18272,18274,18276,18279,18281,18283,18285,18288,18290,18292,18294],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18254,13593],{"class":46},[40,18256,51],{"class":50},[40,18258,8941],{"class":609},[40,18260,289],{"class":54},[40,18262,17048],{"class":91},[40,18264,2771],{"class":54},[40,18266,213],{"class":212},[40,18268,18269],{"class":216},"sound",[40,18271,213],{"class":212},[40,18273,62],{"class":54},[40,18275,224],{"class":212},[40,18277,18278],{"class":216},"music",[40,18280,213],{"class":212},[40,18282,62],{"class":54},[40,18284,224],{"class":212},[40,18286,18287],{"class":216},"notifications",[40,18289,213],{"class":212},[40,18291,666],{"class":54},[40,18293,3700],{"class":1494},[40,18295,95],{"class":54},[40,18297,18298,18300,18302,18304],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,18299,101],{"class":84},[40,18301,88],{"class":54},[40,18303,13652],{"class":91},[40,18305,95],{"class":54},[792,18307,18309],{"id":18308},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[31,18311,18313],{"className":33,"code":18312,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18314,18315,18323,18337,18351,18363,18367],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18316,18317,18319,18321],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18318,13593],{"class":46},[40,18320,51],{"class":50},[40,18322,11263],{"class":54},[40,18324,18325,18327,18329,18331,18333,18335],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,18326,11268],{"class":212},[40,18328,18269],{"class":216},[40,18330,213],{"class":212},[40,18332,2669],{"class":54},[40,18334,3700],{"class":1494},[40,18336,11284],{"class":54},[40,18338,18339,18341,18343,18345,18347,18349],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,18340,11268],{"class":212},[40,18342,18278],{"class":216},[40,18344,213],{"class":212},[40,18346,2669],{"class":54},[40,18348,3691],{"class":1494},[40,18350,11284],{"class":54},[40,18352,18353,18355,18357,18359,18361],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,18354,11268],{"class":212},[40,18356,18287],{"class":216},[40,18358,213],{"class":212},[40,18360,2669],{"class":54},[40,18362,6200],{"class":1494},[40,18364,18365],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,18366,9079],{"class":54},[40,18368,18369,18371,18373,18375],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,18370,101],{"class":84},[40,18372,88],{"class":54},[40,18374,13652],{"class":91},[40,18376,95],{"class":54},[20,18378,18379],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[792,18381,18383],{"id":18382},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[31,18385,18387],{"className":33,"code":18386,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18388,18389,18421,18445],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18390,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18417,18419],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18392,17007],{"class":46},[40,18394,51],{"class":50},[40,18396,55],{"class":54},[40,18398,213],{"class":212},[40,18400,282],{"class":216},[40,18402,213],{"class":212},[40,18404,62],{"class":54},[40,18406,224],{"class":212},[40,18408,1017],{"class":216},[40,18410,213],{"class":212},[40,18412,62],{"class":54},[40,18414,224],{"class":212},[40,18416,1026],{"class":216},[40,18418,213],{"class":212},[40,18420,73],{"class":54},[40,18422,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437,18439,18441,18443],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,18424,650],{"class":46},[40,18426,51],{"class":50},[40,18428,10260],{"class":54},[40,18430,14609],{"class":46},[40,18432,2669],{"class":54},[40,18434,17966],{"class":54},[40,18436,3663],{"class":535},[40,18438,17971],{"class":46},[40,18440,1554],{"class":535},[40,18442,17976],{"class":46},[40,18444,9079],{"class":54},[40,18446,18447,18449,18451,18453],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,18448,101],{"class":84},[40,18450,88],{"class":54},[40,18452,703],{"class":91},[40,18454,95],{"class":54},[20,18456,18457],{},"Use:",[134,18459,18460,18465,18468],{},[137,18461,18462,18464],{},[15,18463,16983],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[137,18466,18467],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[137,18469,18470],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18472,18473,18474,289],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[282,18475,10506,18476,10510],{"href":13800},[15,18477,14722],{},[129,18479,2613],{"id":2612},[20,18481,14501,18482,289],{},[15,18483,16988],{},[792,18485,18487],{"id":18486},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[31,18489,18491],{"className":33,"code":18490,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18492,18493,18526,18549],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18494,18495,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520,18522,18524],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18496,18497],{"class":46},"d ",[40,18499,51],{"class":50},[40,18501,8941],{"class":609},[40,18503,289],{"class":54},[40,18505,17048],{"class":91},[40,18507,2771],{"class":54},[40,18509,213],{"class":212},[40,18511,282],{"class":216},[40,18513,213],{"class":212},[40,18515,62],{"class":54},[40,18517,224],{"class":212},[40,18519,1017],{"class":216},[40,18521,213],{"class":212},[40,18523,666],{"class":54},[40,18525,17760],{"class":54},[40,18527,18528,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,18529,18530],{"class":46},"d",[40,18532,565],{"class":54},[40,18534,213],{"class":212},[40,18536,282],{"class":216},[40,18538,213],{"class":212},[40,18540,13317],{"class":54},[40,18542,13320],{"class":91},[40,18544,88],{"class":54},[40,18546,658],{"class":58},[40,18548,95],{"class":54},[40,18550,18551,18553,18555,18557],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,18552,101],{"class":84},[40,18554,88],{"class":54},[40,18556,18530],{"class":91},[40,18558,95],{"class":54},[20,18560,111],{},[31,18562,18564],{"className":33,"code":18563,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18565,18566],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18567,18568,18570,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592,18594,18596],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18569,9048],{"class":54},[40,18571,3087],{"class":212},[40,18573,282],{"class":216},[40,18575,3087],{"class":212},[40,18577,2669],{"class":54},[40,18579,55],{"class":54},[40,18581,658],{"class":58},[40,18583,666],{"class":54},[40,18585,3082],{"class":212},[40,18587,1017],{"class":216},[40,18589,3087],{"class":212},[40,18591,2669],{"class":54},[40,18593,55],{"class":54},[40,18595,658],{"class":58},[40,18597,13473],{"class":54},[20,18599,18600],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18602,1165],{},[31,18604,18606],{"className":33,"code":18605,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18607,18608,18632,18656],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18609,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620,18622,18624,18626,18628,18630],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18611,17007],{"class":46},[40,18613,51],{"class":50},[40,18615,55],{"class":54},[40,18617,213],{"class":212},[40,18619,282],{"class":216},[40,18621,213],{"class":212},[40,18623,62],{"class":54},[40,18625,224],{"class":212},[40,18627,1017],{"class":216},[40,18629,213],{"class":212},[40,18631,73],{"class":54},[40,18633,18634,18636,18638,18640,18642,18644,18646,18648,18650,18652,18654],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,18635,18497],{"class":46},[40,18637,51],{"class":50},[40,18639,10260],{"class":54},[40,18641,14609],{"class":46},[40,18643,2669],{"class":54},[40,18645,17966],{"class":54},[40,18647,3663],{"class":535},[40,18649,17971],{"class":46},[40,18651,1554],{"class":535},[40,18653,17976],{"class":46},[40,18655,9079],{"class":54},[40,18657,18658,18660,18662,18664],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,18659,101],{"class":84},[40,18661,88],{"class":54},[40,18663,18530],{"class":91},[40,18665,95],{"class":54},[792,18667,18669,18670,18672],{"id":18668},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18671,16983],{}," on a list",[20,18674,18675],{},"Wrong idea:",[31,18677,18679],{"className":33,"code":18678,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18680,18681,18713],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18682,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18684,17007],{"class":46},[40,18686,51],{"class":50},[40,18688,55],{"class":54},[40,18690,213],{"class":212},[40,18692,282],{"class":216},[40,18694,213],{"class":212},[40,18696,62],{"class":54},[40,18698,224],{"class":212},[40,18700,1017],{"class":216},[40,18702,213],{"class":212},[40,18704,62],{"class":54},[40,18706,224],{"class":212},[40,18708,1026],{"class":216},[40,18710,213],{"class":212},[40,18712,73],{"class":54},[40,18714,18715],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,18716,18717],{"class":3449},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18719,18720,18722,18723,1061,18725,289],{},[15,18721,16983],{}," belongs to ",[15,18724,8592],{},[15,18726,610],{},[20,18728,18729],{},"Correct usage:",[31,18731,18733],{"className":33,"code":18732,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18734,18735,18767,18789],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18736,18737,18739,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18738,17007],{"class":46},[40,18740,51],{"class":50},[40,18742,55],{"class":54},[40,18744,213],{"class":212},[40,18746,282],{"class":216},[40,18748,213],{"class":212},[40,18750,62],{"class":54},[40,18752,224],{"class":212},[40,18754,1017],{"class":216},[40,18756,213],{"class":212},[40,18758,62],{"class":54},[40,18760,224],{"class":212},[40,18762,1026],{"class":216},[40,18764,213],{"class":212},[40,18766,73],{"class":54},[40,18768,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779,18781,18783,18785,18787],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,18770,18497],{"class":46},[40,18772,51],{"class":50},[40,18774,8941],{"class":609},[40,18776,289],{"class":54},[40,18778,17048],{"class":91},[40,18780,88],{"class":54},[40,18782,16689],{"class":91},[40,18784,62],{"class":54},[40,18786,550],{"class":58},[40,18788,95],{"class":54},[40,18790,18791,18793,18795,18797],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,18792,101],{"class":84},[40,18794,88],{"class":54},[40,18796,18530],{"class":91},[40,18798,95],{"class":54},[792,18800,8223,18802,18804],{"id":18801},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18803,16983],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18806,18807,18809],{},[15,18808,16988],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[31,18811,18813],{"className":33,"code":18812,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18814,18815,18835,18869,18873,18883],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18816,18817,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18818,11855],{"class":46},[40,18820,51],{"class":50},[40,18822,10260],{"class":54},[40,18824,213],{"class":212},[40,18826,1957],{"class":216},[40,18828,213],{"class":212},[40,18830,2669],{"class":54},[40,18832,1226],{"class":58},[40,18834,9079],{"class":54},[40,18836,18837,18839,18841,18843,18845,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,18838,12807],{"class":46},[40,18840,51],{"class":50},[40,18842,8941],{"class":609},[40,18844,289],{"class":54},[40,18846,17048],{"class":91},[40,18848,2771],{"class":54},[40,18850,213],{"class":212},[40,18852,282],{"class":216},[40,18854,213],{"class":212},[40,18856,62],{"class":54},[40,18858,224],{"class":212},[40,18860,1017],{"class":216},[40,18862,213],{"class":212},[40,18864,666],{"class":54},[40,18866,550],{"class":58},[40,18868,95],{"class":54},[40,18870,18871],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,18872,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,18874,18875,18877,18879,18881],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,18876,101],{"class":84},[40,18878,88],{"class":54},[40,18880,11902],{"class":91},[40,18882,95],{"class":54},[40,18884,18885,18887,18889,18892],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,18886,101],{"class":84},[40,18888,88],{"class":54},[40,18890,18891],{"class":91},"new_dict",[40,18893,95],{"class":54},[20,18895,111],{},[31,18897,18899],{"className":33,"code":18898,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18900,18901,18917],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18902,18903,18905,18907,18909,18911,18913,18915],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18904,9048],{"class":54},[40,18906,3087],{"class":212},[40,18908,1957],{"class":216},[40,18910,3087],{"class":212},[40,18912,2669],{"class":54},[40,18914,1226],{"class":58},[40,18916,9079],{"class":54},[40,18918,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937,18939,18941,18943],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,18920,9048],{"class":54},[40,18922,3087],{"class":212},[40,18924,282],{"class":216},[40,18926,3087],{"class":212},[40,18928,2669],{"class":54},[40,18930,550],{"class":58},[40,18932,62],{"class":54},[40,18934,3082],{"class":212},[40,18936,1017],{"class":216},[40,18938,3087],{"class":212},[40,18940,2669],{"class":54},[40,18942,550],{"class":58},[40,18944,9079],{"class":54},[20,18946,18947,18948,289],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[282,18949,10506,18950,10510],{"href":13800},[15,18951,14722],{},[792,18953,18955,18956],{"id":18954},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18957,3565],{},[31,18959,18961],{"className":33,"code":18960,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18962,18963,18993],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,18964,18965,18967,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977,18979,18981,18983,18985,18987,18989,18991],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,18966,18497],{"class":46},[40,18968,51],{"class":50},[40,18970,8941],{"class":609},[40,18972,289],{"class":54},[40,18974,17048],{"class":91},[40,18976,2771],{"class":54},[40,18978,213],{"class":212},[40,18980,1957],{"class":216},[40,18982,213],{"class":212},[40,18984,62],{"class":54},[40,18986,224],{"class":212},[40,18988,11514],{"class":216},[40,18990,213],{"class":212},[40,18992,570],{"class":54},[40,18994,18995,18997,18999,19001],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,18996,101],{"class":84},[40,18998,88],{"class":54},[40,19000,18530],{"class":91},[40,19002,95],{"class":54},[20,19004,111],{},[31,19006,19008],{"className":33,"code":19007,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19009,19010],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19011,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19013,9048],{"class":54},[40,19015,3087],{"class":212},[40,19017,1957],{"class":216},[40,19019,3087],{"class":212},[40,19021,2669],{"class":54},[40,19023,3639],{"class":1494},[40,19025,62],{"class":54},[40,19027,3082],{"class":212},[40,19029,11514],{"class":216},[40,19031,3087],{"class":212},[40,19033,2669],{"class":54},[40,19035,3639],{"class":1494},[40,19037,9079],{"class":54},[20,19039,19040,19041,289],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19042,3565],{},[129,19044,19046],{"id":19045},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19048,19049,19050,19052],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19051,16983],{}," works.",[31,19054,19056],{"className":33,"code":19055,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19057,19058],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19059,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19061,101],{"class":84},[40,19063,88],{"class":54},[40,19065,8592],{"class":609},[40,19067,289],{"class":54},[40,19069,17048],{"class":91},[40,19071,2771],{"class":54},[40,19073,213],{"class":212},[40,19075,282],{"class":216},[40,19077,213],{"class":212},[40,19079,62],{"class":54},[40,19081,224],{"class":212},[40,19083,1017],{"class":216},[40,19085,213],{"class":212},[40,19087,666],{"class":54},[40,19089,550],{"class":58},[40,19091,256],{"class":54},[31,19093,19094],{"className":33,"code":18960,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,19095,19096,19126],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19097,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19099,18497],{"class":46},[40,19101,51],{"class":50},[40,19103,8941],{"class":609},[40,19105,289],{"class":54},[40,19107,17048],{"class":91},[40,19109,2771],{"class":54},[40,19111,213],{"class":212},[40,19113,1957],{"class":216},[40,19115,213],{"class":212},[40,19117,62],{"class":54},[40,19119,224],{"class":212},[40,19121,11514],{"class":216},[40,19123,213],{"class":212},[40,19125,570],{"class":54},[40,19127,19128,19130,19132,19134],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,19129,101],{"class":84},[40,19131,88],{"class":54},[40,19133,18530],{"class":91},[40,19135,95],{"class":54},[31,19137,19138],{"className":33,"code":18490,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,19139,19140,19172,19194],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19141,19142,19144,19146,19148,19150,19152,19154,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164,19166,19168,19170],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19143,18497],{"class":46},[40,19145,51],{"class":50},[40,19147,8941],{"class":609},[40,19149,289],{"class":54},[40,19151,17048],{"class":91},[40,19153,2771],{"class":54},[40,19155,213],{"class":212},[40,19157,282],{"class":216},[40,19159,213],{"class":212},[40,19161,62],{"class":54},[40,19163,224],{"class":212},[40,19165,1017],{"class":216},[40,19167,213],{"class":212},[40,19169,666],{"class":54},[40,19171,17760],{"class":54},[40,19173,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188,19190,19192],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,19175,18530],{"class":46},[40,19177,565],{"class":54},[40,19179,213],{"class":212},[40,19181,282],{"class":216},[40,19183,213],{"class":212},[40,19185,13317],{"class":54},[40,19187,13320],{"class":91},[40,19189,88],{"class":54},[40,19191,658],{"class":58},[40,19193,95],{"class":54},[40,19195,19196,19198,19200,19202],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,19197,101],{"class":84},[40,19199,88],{"class":54},[40,19201,18530],{"class":91},[40,19203,95],{"class":54},[31,19205,19207],{"className":33,"code":19206,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19208,19209],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19210,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225,19227,19229,19231,19233,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19212,101],{"class":84},[40,19214,88],{"class":54},[40,19216,1297],{"class":609},[40,19218,88],{"class":54},[40,19220,8592],{"class":609},[40,19222,289],{"class":54},[40,19224,17048],{"class":91},[40,19226,2771],{"class":54},[40,19228,658],{"class":58},[40,19230,62],{"class":54},[40,19232,663],{"class":58},[40,19234,62],{"class":54},[40,19236,749],{"class":58},[40,19238,666],{"class":54},[40,19240,224],{"class":212},[40,19242,2255],{"class":216},[40,19244,213],{"class":212},[40,19246,2697],{"class":54},[129,19248,1636],{"id":1635},[792,19250,12474,19252,19254],{"id":19251},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19253,16983],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19256,19257],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[792,19259,19261],{"id":19260},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19263,19264,19265,289],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19266,3565],{},[792,19268,19270],{"id":19269},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19272,19273],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[792,19275,19277],{"id":19276},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19279,17914],{},[31,19281,19283],{"className":33,"code":19282,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19284,19285,19317],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19286,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307,19309,19311,19313,19315],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19288,17007],{"class":46},[40,19290,51],{"class":50},[40,19292,55],{"class":54},[40,19294,213],{"class":212},[40,19296,282],{"class":216},[40,19298,213],{"class":212},[40,19300,62],{"class":54},[40,19302,224],{"class":212},[40,19304,1017],{"class":216},[40,19306,213],{"class":212},[40,19308,62],{"class":54},[40,19310,224],{"class":212},[40,19312,1026],{"class":216},[40,19314,213],{"class":212},[40,19316,73],{"class":54},[40,19318,19319,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,19320,650],{"class":46},[40,19322,51],{"class":50},[40,19324,10260],{"class":54},[40,19326,14609],{"class":46},[40,19328,2669],{"class":54},[40,19330,17966],{"class":54},[40,19332,3663],{"class":535},[40,19334,17971],{"class":46},[40,19336,1554],{"class":535},[40,19338,17976],{"class":46},[40,19340,9079],{"class":54},[129,19342,1687],{"id":1686},[134,19344,19345,19349,19353,19357,19363],{},[137,19346,19347],{},[282,19348,11011],{"href":12795},[137,19350,19351],{},[282,19352,8927],{"href":12792},[137,19354,19355],{},[282,19356,11020],{"href":17667},[137,19358,19359],{},[282,19360,10506,19361,10510],{"href":13800},[15,19362,14722],{},[137,19364,19365],{},[282,19366,10506,19367,10510],{"href":14767},[15,19368,12546],{},[20,19370,123,19371,19373],{},[15,19372,16988],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1715,19375,19376],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":19378},[19379,19380,19382,19386,19387,19389,19394,19396,19403,19412,19413,19420],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":17088,"depth":76,"text":19381},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17132,"depth":76,"text":17133,"children":19383},[19384,19385],{"id":17159,"depth":98,"text":17160},{"id":17183,"depth":98,"text":17184},{"id":292,"depth":76,"text":293},{"id":17342,"depth":76,"text":19388},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17671,"depth":76,"text":17672,"children":19390},[19391,19392,19393],{"id":17701,"depth":98,"text":17702},{"id":17862,"depth":98,"text":17863},{"id":17910,"depth":98,"text":17911},{"id":18074,"depth":76,"text":19395},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18232,"depth":76,"text":19397,"children":19398},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19399,19401,19402],{"id":18243,"depth":98,"text":19400},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18308,"depth":98,"text":18309},{"id":18382,"depth":98,"text":18383},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":19404},[19405,19406,19408,19410],{"id":18486,"depth":98,"text":18487},{"id":18668,"depth":98,"text":19407},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18801,"depth":98,"text":19409},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18954,"depth":98,"text":19411},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19045,"depth":76,"text":19046},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":19414},[19415,19417,19418,19419],{"id":19251,"depth":98,"text":19416},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19260,"depth":98,"text":19261},{"id":19269,"depth":98,"text":19270},{"id":19276,"depth":98,"text":19277},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16975,"description":19421},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19428,"title":19429,"body":19430,"description":21259,"extension":1746,"meta":21260,"navigation":360,"path":21261,"seo":21262,"stem":21263,"__hash__":21264},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19431,"toc":21226},[19432,19437,19443,19454,19584,19591,19596,19600,19616,19618,19716,19719,19736,19740,19742,19747,19785,19788,19806,19808,19926,19931,19935,19951,19954,20090,20093,20098,20104,20107,20144,20147,20151,20156,20232,20236,20241,20323,20325,20341,20346,20350,20356,20425,20428,20445,20448,20530,20536,20539,20559,20563,20568,20574,20580,20651,20654,20660,20663,20737,20743,20749,20757,20767,20769,20864,20870,20875,20962,20968,20970,20975,20997,21000,21095,21098,21129,21142,21144,21152,21158,21164,21167,21173,21178,21185,21190,21192,21223],[10,19433,11087,19435,11091],{"id":19434},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19436,10509],{},[20,19438,19439,19440,19442],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19441,10509],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19444,19445,19446,1973,19449,398,19451,19453],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19447,19448],{},"KeyError",[15,19450,10509],{},[15,19452,3565],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[31,19455,19457],{"className":33,"code":19456,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19458,19459,19495,19499,19525,19550],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19460,19461,19463,19465,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19462,12971],{"class":46},[40,19464,51],{"class":50},[40,19466,10260],{"class":54},[40,19468,213],{"class":212},[40,19470,7446],{"class":216},[40,19472,213],{"class":212},[40,19474,2669],{"class":54},[40,19476,224],{"class":212},[40,19478,1517],{"class":216},[40,19480,213],{"class":212},[40,19482,62],{"class":54},[40,19484,224],{"class":212},[40,19486,9069],{"class":216},[40,19488,213],{"class":212},[40,19490,2669],{"class":54},[40,19492,9076],{"class":58},[40,19494,9079],{"class":54},[40,19496,19497],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,19498,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,19500,19501,19503,19505,19507,19509,19512,19514,19516,19518,19520,19522],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,19502,101],{"class":84},[40,19504,88],{"class":54},[40,19506,17072],{"class":91},[40,19508,289],{"class":54},[40,19510,19511],{"class":91},"get",[40,19513,88],{"class":54},[40,19515,213],{"class":212},[40,19517,7446],{"class":216},[40,19519,213],{"class":212},[40,19521,5140],{"class":54},[40,19523,19524],{"class":3449},"           # Ana\n",[40,19526,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,19528,101],{"class":84},[40,19530,88],{"class":54},[40,19532,17072],{"class":91},[40,19534,289],{"class":54},[40,19536,19511],{"class":91},[40,19538,88],{"class":54},[40,19540,213],{"class":212},[40,19542,10178],{"class":216},[40,19544,213],{"class":212},[40,19546,5140],{"class":54},[40,19548,19549],{"class":3449},"           # None\n",[40,19551,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19577,19579,19581],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,19553,101],{"class":84},[40,19555,88],{"class":54},[40,19557,17072],{"class":91},[40,19559,289],{"class":54},[40,19561,19511],{"class":91},[40,19563,88],{"class":54},[40,19565,213],{"class":212},[40,19567,10178],{"class":216},[40,19569,213],{"class":212},[40,19571,62],{"class":54},[40,19573,224],{"class":212},[40,19575,19576],{"class":216},"N\u002FA",[40,19578,213],{"class":212},[40,19580,5140],{"class":54},[40,19582,19583],{"class":3449},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19585,123,19586,19588,19589,289],{},[15,19587,10509],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19590,19448],{},[129,19592,158,19594,3466],{"id":19593},"what-get-does",[15,19595,10509],{},[20,19597,606,19598,11182],{},[15,19599,10509],{},[134,19601,19602,19605,19610,19613],{},[137,19603,19604],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[137,19606,11193,19607,19609],{},[15,19608,3565],{}," if the key does not exist",[137,19611,19612],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[137,19614,19615],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19617,195],{},[31,19619,19621],{"className":33,"code":19620,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19622,19623,19662,19666,19691],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19624,19625,19627,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637,19639,19641,19644,19646,19648,19650,19653,19655,19657,19660],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19626,12633],{"class":46},[40,19628,51],{"class":50},[40,19630,10260],{"class":54},[40,19632,213],{"class":212},[40,19634,7446],{"class":216},[40,19636,213],{"class":212},[40,19638,2669],{"class":54},[40,19640,224],{"class":212},[40,19642,19643],{"class":216},"Lina",[40,19645,213],{"class":212},[40,19647,62],{"class":54},[40,19649,224],{"class":212},[40,19651,19652],{"class":216},"grade",[40,19654,213],{"class":212},[40,19656,2669],{"class":54},[40,19658,19659],{"class":58}," 90",[40,19661,9079],{"class":54},[40,19663,19664],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,19665,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,19667,19668,19670,19672,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686,19688],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,19669,101],{"class":84},[40,19671,88],{"class":54},[40,19673,13393],{"class":91},[40,19675,289],{"class":54},[40,19677,19511],{"class":91},[40,19679,88],{"class":54},[40,19681,213],{"class":212},[40,19683,7446],{"class":216},[40,19685,213],{"class":212},[40,19687,5140],{"class":54},[40,19689,19690],{"class":3449},"     # Lina\n",[40,19692,19693,19695,19697,19699,19701,19703,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,19694,101],{"class":84},[40,19696,88],{"class":54},[40,19698,13393],{"class":91},[40,19700,289],{"class":54},[40,19702,19511],{"class":91},[40,19704,88],{"class":54},[40,19706,213],{"class":212},[40,19708,15025],{"class":216},[40,19710,213],{"class":212},[40,19712,5140],{"class":54},[40,19714,19715],{"class":3449},"    # None\n",[20,19717,19718],{},"In this example:",[134,19720,19721,19726],{},[137,19722,19723,19725],{},[15,19724,15006],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[137,19727,19728,19731,19732,398,19734],{},[15,19729,19730],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19733,10509],{},[15,19735,3565],{},[20,19737,12789,19738,289],{},[282,19739,8927],{"href":8926},[129,19741,1940],{"id":1939},[20,19743,19744,19745,2669],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19746,10509],{},[31,19748,19750],{"className":33,"code":19749,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19751,19752,19766],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19753,19754,19756,19758,19760,19762,19764],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19755,15371],{"class":46},[40,19757,289],{"class":54},[40,19759,19511],{"class":91},[40,19761,88],{"class":54},[40,19763,14609],{"class":91},[40,19765,95],{"class":54},[40,19767,19768,19770,19772,19774,19776,19778,19780,19783],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,19769,15371],{"class":46},[40,19771,289],{"class":54},[40,19773,19511],{"class":91},[40,19775,88],{"class":54},[40,19777,14609],{"class":91},[40,19779,62],{"class":54},[40,19781,19782],{"class":91}," default_value",[40,19784,95],{"class":54},[20,19786,19787],{},"What each part means:",[134,19789,19790,19795,19801],{},[137,19791,19792,19794],{},[15,19793,14609],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[137,19796,19797,19800],{},[15,19798,19799],{},"default_value"," is optional",[137,19802,19803,19804],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19805,3565],{},[20,19807,195],{},[31,19809,19811],{"className":33,"code":19810,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19812,19813,19837,19841,19866,19892],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19814,19815,19817,19819,19821,19823,19825,19827,19829,19831,19833,19835],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19816,13593],{"class":46},[40,19818,51],{"class":50},[40,19820,10260],{"class":54},[40,19822,213],{"class":212},[40,19824,12264],{"class":216},[40,19826,213],{"class":212},[40,19828,2669],{"class":54},[40,19830,224],{"class":212},[40,19832,12273],{"class":216},[40,19834,213],{"class":212},[40,19836,9079],{"class":54},[40,19838,19839],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,19840,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,19842,19843,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,19844,101],{"class":84},[40,19846,88],{"class":54},[40,19848,13652],{"class":91},[40,19850,289],{"class":54},[40,19852,19511],{"class":91},[40,19854,88],{"class":54},[40,19856,213],{"class":212},[40,19858,12264],{"class":216},[40,19860,213],{"class":212},[40,19862,5140],{"class":54},[40,19864,19865],{"class":3449},"            # dark\n",[40,19867,19868,19870,19872,19874,19876,19878,19880,19882,19885,19887,19889],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,19869,101],{"class":84},[40,19871,88],{"class":54},[40,19873,13652],{"class":91},[40,19875,289],{"class":54},[40,19877,19511],{"class":91},[40,19879,88],{"class":54},[40,19881,213],{"class":212},[40,19883,19884],{"class":216},"language",[40,19886,213],{"class":212},[40,19888,5140],{"class":54},[40,19890,19891],{"class":3449},"         # None\n",[40,19893,19894,19896,19898,19900,19902,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914,19916,19919,19921,19923],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,19895,101],{"class":84},[40,19897,88],{"class":54},[40,19899,13652],{"class":91},[40,19901,289],{"class":54},[40,19903,19511],{"class":91},[40,19905,88],{"class":54},[40,19907,213],{"class":212},[40,19909,19884],{"class":216},[40,19911,213],{"class":212},[40,19913,62],{"class":54},[40,19915,224],{"class":212},[40,19917,19918],{"class":216},"en",[40,19920,213],{"class":212},[40,19922,5140],{"class":54},[40,19924,19925],{"class":3449},"   # en\n",[129,19927,1345,19929],{"id":19928},"when-to-use-get",[15,19930,10509],{},[20,19932,123,19933,10371],{},[15,19934,10509],{},[134,19936,19937,19940,19945,19948],{},[137,19938,19939],{},"A key might not exist",[137,19941,19942,19943],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19944,19448],{},[137,19946,19947],{},"You are reading optional data",[137,19949,19950],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19952,19953],{},"Example with optional user data:",[31,19955,19957],{"className":33,"code":19956,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19958,19959,20001,20005,20030,20056],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,19960,19961,19963,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973,19975,19977,19980,19982,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19997,19999],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,19962,11258],{"class":46},[40,19964,51],{"class":50},[40,19966,10260],{"class":54},[40,19968,213],{"class":212},[40,19970,7760],{"class":216},[40,19972,213],{"class":212},[40,19974,2669],{"class":54},[40,19976,224],{"class":212},[40,19978,19979],{"class":216},"sam",[40,19981,213],{"class":212},[40,19983,62],{"class":54},[40,19985,224],{"class":212},[40,19987,15025],{"class":216},[40,19989,213],{"class":212},[40,19991,2669],{"class":54},[40,19993,224],{"class":212},[40,19995,19996],{"class":216},"sam@example.com",[40,19998,213],{"class":212},[40,20000,9079],{"class":54},[40,20002,20003],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,20004,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,20006,20007,20009,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019,20021,20023,20025,20027],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,20008,101],{"class":84},[40,20010,88],{"class":54},[40,20012,11352],{"class":91},[40,20014,289],{"class":54},[40,20016,19511],{"class":91},[40,20018,88],{"class":54},[40,20020,213],{"class":212},[40,20022,7760],{"class":216},[40,20024,213],{"class":212},[40,20026,5140],{"class":54},[40,20028,20029],{"class":3449},"              # sam\n",[40,20031,20032,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046,20049,20051,20053],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,20033,101],{"class":84},[40,20035,88],{"class":54},[40,20037,11352],{"class":91},[40,20039,289],{"class":54},[40,20041,19511],{"class":91},[40,20043,88],{"class":54},[40,20045,213],{"class":212},[40,20047,20048],{"class":216},"phone",[40,20050,213],{"class":212},[40,20052,5140],{"class":54},[40,20054,20055],{"class":3449},"                 # None\n",[40,20057,20058,20060,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20083,20085,20087],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,20059,101],{"class":84},[40,20061,88],{"class":54},[40,20063,11352],{"class":91},[40,20065,289],{"class":54},[40,20067,19511],{"class":91},[40,20069,88],{"class":54},[40,20071,213],{"class":212},[40,20073,20048],{"class":216},[40,20075,213],{"class":212},[40,20077,62],{"class":54},[40,20079,224],{"class":212},[40,20081,20082],{"class":216},"Not provided",[40,20084,213],{"class":212},[40,20086,5140],{"class":54},[40,20088,20089],{"class":3449}," # Not provided\n",[20,20091,20092],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20094,20095,20096,289],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[282,20097,16365],{"href":16364},[129,20099,20101,20103],{"id":20100},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20102,10509],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20105,20106],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[31,20108,20110],{"className":33,"code":20109,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20111,20112,20126],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,20113,20114,20116,20118,20120,20122,20124],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,20115,703],{"class":46},[40,20117,565],{"class":54},[40,20119,213],{"class":212},[40,20121,14609],{"class":216},[40,20123,213],{"class":212},[40,20125,73],{"class":54},[40,20127,20128,20130,20132,20134,20136,20138,20140,20142],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,20129,703],{"class":46},[40,20131,289],{"class":54},[40,20133,19511],{"class":91},[40,20135,88],{"class":54},[40,20137,213],{"class":212},[40,20139,14609],{"class":216},[40,20141,213],{"class":212},[40,20143,95],{"class":54},[20,20145,20146],{},"The difference is important.",[792,20148,20150],{"id":20149},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20152,20153,20154,289],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20155,19448],{},[31,20157,20159],{"className":33,"code":20158,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20160,20161,20185,20189,20211],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,20162,20163,20165,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181,20183],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,20164,650],{"class":46},[40,20166,51],{"class":50},[40,20168,10260],{"class":54},[40,20170,213],{"class":212},[40,20172,7446],{"class":216},[40,20174,213],{"class":212},[40,20176,2669],{"class":54},[40,20178,224],{"class":212},[40,20180,1517],{"class":216},[40,20182,213],{"class":212},[40,20184,9079],{"class":54},[40,20186,20187],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,20188,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,20190,20191,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201,20203,20205,20208],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,20192,101],{"class":84},[40,20194,88],{"class":54},[40,20196,703],{"class":91},[40,20198,565],{"class":54},[40,20200,213],{"class":212},[40,20202,7446],{"class":216},[40,20204,213],{"class":212},[40,20206,20207],{"class":54},"])",[40,20209,20210],{"class":3449},"   # Ana\n",[40,20212,20213,20215,20217,20219,20221,20223,20225,20227,20229],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,20214,101],{"class":84},[40,20216,88],{"class":54},[40,20218,703],{"class":91},[40,20220,565],{"class":54},[40,20222,213],{"class":212},[40,20224,10178],{"class":216},[40,20226,213],{"class":212},[40,20228,20207],{"class":54},[40,20230,20231],{"class":3449},"   # KeyError\n",[792,20233,20234],{"id":19511},[15,20235,10509],{},[20,20237,20238,20240],{},[15,20239,10509],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[31,20242,20244],{"className":33,"code":20243,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20245,20246,20270,20274,20298],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,20247,20248,20250,20252,20254,20256,20258,20260,20262,20264,20266,20268],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,20249,650],{"class":46},[40,20251,51],{"class":50},[40,20253,10260],{"class":54},[40,20255,213],{"class":212},[40,20257,7446],{"class":216},[40,20259,213],{"class":212},[40,20261,2669],{"class":54},[40,20263,224],{"class":212},[40,20265,1517],{"class":216},[40,20267,213],{"class":212},[40,20269,9079],{"class":54},[40,20271,20272],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,20273,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,20275,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,20277,101],{"class":84},[40,20279,88],{"class":54},[40,20281,703],{"class":91},[40,20283,289],{"class":54},[40,20285,19511],{"class":91},[40,20287,88],{"class":54},[40,20289,213],{"class":212},[40,20291,7446],{"class":216},[40,20293,213],{"class":212},[40,20295,5140],{"class":54},[40,20297,20210],{"class":3449},[40,20299,20300,20302,20304,20306,20308,20310,20312,20314,20316,20318,20320],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,20301,101],{"class":84},[40,20303,88],{"class":54},[40,20305,703],{"class":91},[40,20307,289],{"class":54},[40,20309,19511],{"class":91},[40,20311,88],{"class":54},[40,20313,213],{"class":212},[40,20315,10178],{"class":216},[40,20317,213],{"class":212},[40,20319,5140],{"class":54},[40,20321,20322],{"class":3449},"   # None\n",[20,20324,18457],{},[134,20326,20327,20333],{},[137,20328,20329,20330],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[183,20331,20332],{},"must exist",[137,20334,20335,20337,20338],{},[15,20336,10509],{}," when the key is ",[183,20339,20340],{},"optional",[20,20342,20343,20344,289],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[282,20345,11031],{"href":10844},[129,20347,20349],{"id":20348},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20351,20352,20353,20355],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20354,10509],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[31,20357,20359],{"className":33,"code":20358,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20360,20361,20386,20390],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,20362,20363,20366,20368,20370,20372,20374,20376,20378,20380,20382,20384],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,20364,20365],{"class":46},"profile ",[40,20367,51],{"class":50},[40,20369,10260],{"class":54},[40,20371,213],{"class":212},[40,20373,7446],{"class":216},[40,20375,213],{"class":212},[40,20377,2669],{"class":54},[40,20379,224],{"class":212},[40,20381,7696],{"class":216},[40,20383,213],{"class":212},[40,20385,9079],{"class":54},[40,20387,20388],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,20389,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,20391,20392,20394,20396,20399,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20418,20420,20422],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,20393,101],{"class":84},[40,20395,88],{"class":54},[40,20397,20398],{"class":91},"profile",[40,20400,289],{"class":54},[40,20402,19511],{"class":91},[40,20404,88],{"class":54},[40,20406,213],{"class":212},[40,20408,15028],{"class":216},[40,20410,213],{"class":212},[40,20412,62],{"class":54},[40,20414,224],{"class":212},[40,20416,20417],{"class":216},"Unknown",[40,20419,213],{"class":212},[40,20421,5140],{"class":54},[40,20423,20424],{"class":3449},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20426,20427],{},"This is useful for display text:",[134,20429,20430,20435,20440],{},[137,20431,20432],{},[15,20433,20434],{},"\"Unknown\"",[137,20436,20437],{},[15,20438,20439],{},"\"Not set\"",[137,20441,20442],{},[15,20443,20444],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20446,20447],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[31,20449,20451],{"className":33,"code":20450,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20452,20453,20485,20489,20516],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,20454,20455,20457,20459,20461,20463,20465,20467,20469,20471,20473,20475,20477,20479,20481,20483],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,20456,4842],{"class":46},[40,20458,51],{"class":50},[40,20460,10260],{"class":54},[40,20462,213],{"class":212},[40,20464,18179],{"class":216},[40,20466,213],{"class":212},[40,20468,2669],{"class":54},[40,20470,5781],{"class":58},[40,20472,62],{"class":54},[40,20474,224],{"class":212},[40,20476,18188],{"class":216},[40,20478,213],{"class":212},[40,20480,2669],{"class":54},[40,20482,6137],{"class":58},[40,20484,9079],{"class":54},[40,20486,20487],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,20488,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,20490,20491,20494,20496,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,20492,20493],{"class":46},"total_history ",[40,20495,51],{"class":50},[40,20497,4889],{"class":46},[40,20499,289],{"class":54},[40,20501,19511],{"class":91},[40,20503,88],{"class":54},[40,20505,213],{"class":212},[40,20507,18197],{"class":216},[40,20509,213],{"class":212},[40,20511,62],{"class":54},[40,20513,550],{"class":58},[40,20515,95],{"class":54},[40,20517,20518,20520,20522,20525,20527],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,20519,101],{"class":84},[40,20521,88],{"class":54},[40,20523,20524],{"class":91},"total_history",[40,20526,18],{"class":54},[40,20528,20529],{"class":3449},"   # 0\n",[20,20531,20532,20533,20535],{},"Here, ",[15,20534,192],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20537,20538],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[134,20540,20541,20544,20549,20554],{},[137,20542,20543],{},"Use a string for text",[137,20545,123,20546,20548],{},[15,20547,192],{}," for numbers",[137,20550,123,20551,20553],{},[15,20552,3574],{}," for lists if needed",[137,20555,123,20556,20558],{},[15,20557,3579],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[129,20560,20562],{"id":20561},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20564,20565,20566,289],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20567,10509],{},[792,20569,20571,20573],{"id":20570},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20572,10509],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20575,20576,20577,20579],{},"This code does ",[183,20578,185],{}," create a new key:",[31,20581,20583],{"className":33,"code":20582,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20584,20585,20609,20613,20638],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,20586,20587,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,20588,12971],{"class":46},[40,20590,51],{"class":50},[40,20592,10260],{"class":54},[40,20594,213],{"class":212},[40,20596,7446],{"class":216},[40,20598,213],{"class":212},[40,20600,2669],{"class":54},[40,20602,224],{"class":212},[40,20604,1517],{"class":216},[40,20606,213],{"class":212},[40,20608,9079],{"class":54},[40,20610,20611],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,20612,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,20614,20615,20617,20619,20621,20623,20625,20627,20629,20631,20633,20635],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,20616,101],{"class":84},[40,20618,88],{"class":54},[40,20620,17072],{"class":91},[40,20622,289],{"class":54},[40,20624,19511],{"class":91},[40,20626,88],{"class":54},[40,20628,213],{"class":212},[40,20630,10178],{"class":216},[40,20632,213],{"class":212},[40,20634,5140],{"class":54},[40,20636,20637],{"class":3449},"  # None\n",[40,20639,20640,20642,20644,20646,20648],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,20641,101],{"class":84},[40,20643,88],{"class":54},[40,20645,17072],{"class":91},[40,20647,18],{"class":54},[40,20649,20650],{"class":3449},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20652,20653],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[792,20655,20657,20659],{"id":20656},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20658,10509],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20661,20662],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[31,20664,20666],{"className":33,"code":20665,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20667,20668,20694,20698,20724],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,20669,20670,20672,20674,20676,20678,20681,20683,20685,20687,20690,20692],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,20671,13593],{"class":46},[40,20673,51],{"class":50},[40,20675,10260],{"class":54},[40,20677,213],{"class":212},[40,20679,20680],{"class":216},"mode",[40,20682,213],{"class":212},[40,20684,2669],{"class":54},[40,20686,224],{"class":212},[40,20688,20689],{"class":216},"light",[40,20691,213],{"class":212},[40,20693,9079],{"class":54},[40,20695,20696],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,20697,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,20699,20700,20702,20704,20706,20708,20710,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,20701,13652],{"class":46},[40,20703,289],{"class":54},[40,20705,19511],{"class":91},[40,20707,88],{"class":54},[40,20709,213],{"class":212},[40,20711,12264],{"class":216},[40,20713,213],{"class":212},[40,20715,62],{"class":54},[40,20717,224],{"class":212},[40,20719,12273],{"class":216},[40,20721,213],{"class":212},[40,20723,95],{"class":54},[40,20725,20726,20728,20730,20732,20734],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,20727,101],{"class":84},[40,20729,88],{"class":54},[40,20731,13652],{"class":91},[40,20733,18],{"class":54},[40,20735,20736],{"class":3449},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20738,269,20739,20742],{},[15,20740,20741],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[792,20744,20746,20747],{"id":20745},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20748,3565],{},[20,20750,20751,20752,398,20754,20756],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20753,10509],{},[15,20755,3565],{}," because:",[134,20758,20759,20762],{},[137,20760,20761],{},"The key is missing, or",[137,20763,20764,20765],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20766,3565],{},[20,20768,195],{},[31,20770,20772],{"className":33,"code":20771,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20773,20774,20811,20815,20839],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,20775,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792,20794,20796,20798,20800,20803,20805,20807,20809],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,20777,650],{"class":46},[40,20779,51],{"class":50},[40,20781,10260],{"class":54},[40,20783,213],{"class":212},[40,20785,7446],{"class":216},[40,20787,213],{"class":212},[40,20789,2669],{"class":54},[40,20791,224],{"class":212},[40,20793,1517],{"class":216},[40,20795,213],{"class":212},[40,20797,62],{"class":54},[40,20799,224],{"class":212},[40,20801,20802],{"class":216},"nickname",[40,20804,213],{"class":212},[40,20806,2669],{"class":54},[40,20808,3639],{"class":1494},[40,20810,9079],{"class":54},[40,20812,20813],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,20814,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,20816,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825,20827,20829,20831,20833,20835,20837],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,20818,101],{"class":84},[40,20820,88],{"class":54},[40,20822,703],{"class":91},[40,20824,289],{"class":54},[40,20826,19511],{"class":91},[40,20828,88],{"class":54},[40,20830,213],{"class":212},[40,20832,20802],{"class":216},[40,20834,213],{"class":212},[40,20836,5140],{"class":54},[40,20838,20637],{"class":3449},[40,20840,20841,20843,20845,20847,20849,20851,20853,20855,20857,20859,20861],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,20842,101],{"class":84},[40,20844,88],{"class":54},[40,20846,703],{"class":91},[40,20848,289],{"class":54},[40,20850,19511],{"class":91},[40,20852,88],{"class":54},[40,20854,213],{"class":212},[40,20856,10178],{"class":216},[40,20858,213],{"class":212},[40,20860,5140],{"class":54},[40,20862,20863],{"class":3449},"      # None\n",[20,20865,20866,20867,20869],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20868,3565],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20871,20872,20873,2669],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20874,1554],{},[31,20876,20878],{"className":33,"code":20877,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20879,20880,20916,20920,20941],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,20881,20882,20884,20886,20888,20890,20892,20894,20896,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908,20910,20912,20914],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,20883,650],{"class":46},[40,20885,51],{"class":50},[40,20887,10260],{"class":54},[40,20889,213],{"class":212},[40,20891,7446],{"class":216},[40,20893,213],{"class":212},[40,20895,2669],{"class":54},[40,20897,224],{"class":212},[40,20899,1517],{"class":216},[40,20901,213],{"class":212},[40,20903,62],{"class":54},[40,20905,224],{"class":212},[40,20907,20802],{"class":216},[40,20909,213],{"class":212},[40,20911,2669],{"class":54},[40,20913,3639],{"class":1494},[40,20915,9079],{"class":54},[40,20917,20918],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,20919,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,20921,20922,20924,20926,20928,20930,20932,20935,20937,20939],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,20923,101],{"class":84},[40,20925,88],{"class":54},[40,20927,213],{"class":212},[40,20929,20802],{"class":216},[40,20931,213],{"class":212},[40,20933,20934],{"class":535}," in",[40,20936,14334],{"class":91},[40,20938,18],{"class":54},[40,20940,3450],{"class":3449},[40,20942,20943,20945,20947,20949,20951,20953,20955,20957,20959],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,20944,101],{"class":84},[40,20946,88],{"class":54},[40,20948,213],{"class":212},[40,20950,10178],{"class":216},[40,20952,213],{"class":212},[40,20954,20934],{"class":535},[40,20956,14334],{"class":91},[40,20958,18],{"class":54},[40,20960,20961],{"class":3449},"      # False\n",[20,20963,20964,20965,289],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[282,20966,20967],{"href":16918},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[129,20969,2613],{"id":2612},[20,20971,20972,20973,2669],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20974,10509],{},[134,20976,20977,20982,20989,20994],{},[137,20978,20979,20980],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20981,19448],{},[137,20983,4486,20984,398,20986,20988],{},[15,20985,10509],{},[15,20987,3565],{}," if no default is provided",[137,20990,4361,20991,20993],{},[15,20992,10509],{}," creates a key automatically",[137,20995,20996],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20998,20999],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[31,21001,21003],{"className":33,"code":21002,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21004,21005,21015,21029,21047,21069],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21006,21007,21009,21011,21013],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21008,101],{"class":84},[40,21010,88],{"class":54},[40,21012,11219],{"class":91},[40,21014,95],{"class":54},[40,21016,21017,21019,21021,21023,21025,21027],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,21018,101],{"class":84},[40,21020,88],{"class":54},[40,21022,11219],{"class":91},[40,21024,289],{"class":54},[40,21026,16689],{"class":91},[40,21028,847],{"class":54},[40,21030,21031,21033,21035,21037,21039,21041,21043,21045],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,21032,101],{"class":84},[40,21034,88],{"class":54},[40,21036,3087],{"class":212},[40,21038,7446],{"class":216},[40,21040,3087],{"class":212},[40,21042,20934],{"class":535},[40,21044,11535],{"class":91},[40,21046,95],{"class":54},[40,21048,21049,21051,21053,21055,21057,21059,21061,21063,21065,21067],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,21050,101],{"class":84},[40,21052,88],{"class":54},[40,21054,11219],{"class":91},[40,21056,289],{"class":54},[40,21058,19511],{"class":91},[40,21060,88],{"class":54},[40,21062,3087],{"class":212},[40,21064,7446],{"class":216},[40,21066,3087],{"class":212},[40,21068,256],{"class":54},[40,21070,21071,21073,21075,21077,21079,21081,21083,21085,21087,21089,21091,21093],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,21072,101],{"class":84},[40,21074,88],{"class":54},[40,21076,1297],{"class":609},[40,21078,88],{"class":54},[40,21080,11219],{"class":91},[40,21082,289],{"class":54},[40,21084,19511],{"class":91},[40,21086,88],{"class":54},[40,21088,3087],{"class":212},[40,21090,7446],{"class":216},[40,21092,3087],{"class":212},[40,21094,2697],{"class":54},[20,21096,21097],{},"What these checks tell you:",[134,21099,21100,21105,21111,21117,21123],{},[137,21101,21102,21104],{},[15,21103,12449],{}," shows the full dictionary",[137,21106,21107,21110],{},[15,21108,21109],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[137,21112,21113,21116],{},[15,21114,21115],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[137,21118,21119,21122],{},[15,21120,21121],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[137,21124,21125,21128],{},[15,21126,21127],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21130,21131,21132,4176,21137,21141],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[282,21133,21134,21135,10510],{"href":16827},"the dictionary ",[15,21136,16830],{},[282,21138,21134,21139,10510],{"href":16840},[15,21140,16843],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[129,21143,1636],{"id":1635},[792,21145,12474,21147,21149,21150,2275],{"id":21146},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21148,10509],{}," raise ",[15,21151,19448],{},[20,21153,21154,21155,21157],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21156,3565],{}," or the default value you provide.",[792,21159,12474,21161,21163],{"id":21160},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21162,10509],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21165,21166],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[792,21168,21170,21171,2275],{"id":21169},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21172,10509],{},[20,21174,21175,21177],{},[15,21176,3565],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[792,21179,21181,21182,21184],{"id":21180},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21183,10509],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21186,123,21187,21189],{},[15,21188,10509],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[129,21191,1687],{"id":1686},[134,21193,21194,21198,21204,21210,21214,21219],{},[137,21195,21196],{},[282,21197,8927],{"href":8926},[137,21199,21200],{},[282,21201,10506,21202,10510],{"href":16827},[15,21203,16830],{},[137,21205,21206],{},[282,21207,10506,21208,10510],{"href":16840},[15,21209,16843],{},[137,21211,21212],{},[282,21213,16919],{"href":16918},[137,21215,21216],{},[282,21217,21218],{"href":16364},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[137,21220,21221],{},[282,21222,11031],{"href":10844},[1715,21224,21225],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":21227},[21228,21230,21231,21233,21238,21239,21247,21248,21258],{"id":19593,"depth":76,"text":21229},"What get() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":19928,"depth":76,"text":21232},"When to use get()",{"id":20100,"depth":76,"text":21234,"children":21235},"get() vs square brackets",[21236,21237],{"id":20149,"depth":98,"text":20150},{"id":19511,"depth":98,"text":10509},{"id":20348,"depth":76,"text":20349},{"id":20561,"depth":76,"text":20562,"children":21240},[21241,21243,21245],{"id":20570,"depth":98,"text":21242},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20656,"depth":98,"text":21244},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20745,"depth":98,"text":21246},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":21249},[21250,21252,21254,21256],{"id":21146,"depth":98,"text":21251},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21160,"depth":98,"text":21253},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21169,"depth":98,"text":21255},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21180,"depth":98,"text":21257},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19429,"description":21259},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21266,"title":21267,"body":21268,"description":23825,"extension":1746,"meta":23826,"navigation":360,"path":23827,"seo":23828,"stem":23829,"__hash__":23830},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21269,"toc":23791},[21270,21275,21281,21287,21289,21371,21375,21392,21397,21402,21407,21409,21423,21425,21488,21492,21532,21540,21542,21544,21559,21562,21575,21577,21656,21660,21726,21728,21732,21740,21742,21753,21755,21865,21869,21948,21954,21960,21965,22078,22082,22114,22117,22224,22230,22237,22241,22244,22347,22351,22412,22415,22418,22429,22438,22441,22458,22460,22559,22563,22638,22641,22664,22669,22674,22691,22693,22814,22818,22852,22854,22859,22866,22876,22878,22956,22959,23030,23040,23043,23075,23078,23117,23123,23130,23133,23224,23228,23309,23315,23318,23321,23426,23429,23432,23554,23558,23561,23628,23632,23669,23675,23677,23683,23688,23694,23701,23707,23710,23749,23755,23758,23760,23788],[10,21271,11087,21273,11091],{"id":21272},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21274,16843],{},[20,21276,606,21277,21280],{},[15,21278,21279],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21282,21283,21284,21286],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21285,16843],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[129,21288,1787],{"id":1786},[31,21290,21292],{"className":33,"code":21291,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21293,21294,21330,21334,21357],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21295,21296,21298,21300,21302,21304,21306,21308,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21297,12971],{"class":46},[40,21299,51],{"class":50},[40,21301,10260],{"class":54},[40,21303,213],{"class":212},[40,21305,7446],{"class":216},[40,21307,213],{"class":212},[40,21309,2669],{"class":54},[40,21311,224],{"class":212},[40,21313,1517],{"class":216},[40,21315,213],{"class":212},[40,21317,62],{"class":54},[40,21319,224],{"class":212},[40,21321,9069],{"class":216},[40,21323,213],{"class":212},[40,21325,2669],{"class":54},[40,21327,9076],{"class":58},[40,21329,9079],{"class":54},[40,21331,21332],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,21333,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,21335,21336,21338,21341,21343,21346,21348,21350,21352,21354],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,21337,1548],{"class":535},[40,21339,21340],{"class":46}," key",[40,21342,62],{"class":54},[40,21344,21345],{"class":46}," value ",[40,21347,1554],{"class":535},[40,21349,13014],{"class":46},[40,21351,289],{"class":54},[40,21353,497],{"class":91},[40,21355,21356],{"class":54},"():\n",[40,21358,21359,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,21360,558],{"class":84},[40,21362,88],{"class":54},[40,21364,14609],{"class":91},[40,21366,62],{"class":54},[40,21368,8203],{"class":91},[40,21370,95],{"class":54},[20,21372,21373],{},[183,21374,111],{},[31,21376,21378],{"className":33,"code":21377,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21379,21380,21385],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21381,21382],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21383,21384],{"class":46},"name Ana\n",[40,21386,21387,21390],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,21388,21389],{"class":46},"age ",[40,21391,2491],{"class":58},[20,21393,123,21394,21396],{},[15,21395,16843],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[129,21398,158,21400,3466],{"id":21399},"what-items-does",[15,21401,16843],{},[20,21403,21404,21406],{},[15,21405,16843],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21408,11228],{},[134,21410,21411,21417,21420],{},[137,21412,21413,21414],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21415,21416],{},"(key, value)",[137,21418,21419],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[137,21421,21422],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21424,195],{},[31,21426,21428],{"className":33,"code":21427,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21429,21430,21466,21470],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21431,21432,21434,21436,21438,21440,21442,21444,21446,21448,21450,21452,21454,21456,21458,21460,21462,21464],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21433,12971],{"class":46},[40,21435,51],{"class":50},[40,21437,10260],{"class":54},[40,21439,213],{"class":212},[40,21441,7446],{"class":216},[40,21443,213],{"class":212},[40,21445,2669],{"class":54},[40,21447,224],{"class":212},[40,21449,1517],{"class":216},[40,21451,213],{"class":212},[40,21453,62],{"class":54},[40,21455,224],{"class":212},[40,21457,9069],{"class":216},[40,21459,213],{"class":212},[40,21461,2669],{"class":54},[40,21463,9076],{"class":58},[40,21465,9079],{"class":54},[40,21467,21468],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,21469,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,21471,21472,21474,21476,21478,21480,21482,21484,21486],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,21473,101],{"class":84},[40,21475,88],{"class":54},[40,21477,610],{"class":609},[40,21479,88],{"class":54},[40,21481,17072],{"class":91},[40,21483,289],{"class":54},[40,21485,497],{"class":91},[40,21487,6067],{"class":54},[20,21489,21490],{},[183,21491,111],{},[31,21493,21495],{"className":33,"code":21494,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21496,21497],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21498,21499,21502,21504,21506,21508,21510,21512,21514,21516,21518,21520,21522,21524,21526,21528,21530],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21500,21501],{"class":54},"[(",[40,21503,3087],{"class":212},[40,21505,7446],{"class":216},[40,21507,3087],{"class":212},[40,21509,62],{"class":54},[40,21511,3082],{"class":212},[40,21513,1517],{"class":216},[40,21515,3087],{"class":212},[40,21517,9003],{"class":54},[40,21519,9006],{"class":54},[40,21521,3087],{"class":212},[40,21523,9069],{"class":216},[40,21525,3087],{"class":212},[40,21527,62],{"class":54},[40,21529,9076],{"class":58},[40,21531,9019],{"class":54},[20,21533,21534,21535,2662,21537,289],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[282,21536,8927],{"href":12792},[282,21538,14793],{"href":21539},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[129,21541,1940],{"id":1939},[20,21543,5213],{},[31,21545,21547],{"className":33,"code":21546,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21548,21549],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21550,21551,21553,21555,21557],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21552,11219],{"class":46},[40,21554,289],{"class":54},[40,21556,497],{"class":91},[40,21558,8413],{"class":54},[20,21560,21561],{},"Things to remember:",[134,21563,21564,21569,21572],{},[137,21565,21566,21568],{},[15,21567,16843],{}," does not take any arguments",[137,21570,21571],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[137,21573,21574],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21576,195],{},[31,21578,21580],{"className":33,"code":21579,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21581,21582,21614,21618,21632,21636,21646],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21583,21584,21586,21588,21590,21592,21594,21596,21598,21600,21602,21604,21606,21608,21610,21612],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21585,4842],{"class":46},[40,21587,51],{"class":50},[40,21589,10260],{"class":54},[40,21591,213],{"class":212},[40,21593,4783],{"class":216},[40,21595,213],{"class":212},[40,21597,2669],{"class":54},[40,21599,19659],{"class":58},[40,21601,62],{"class":54},[40,21603,224],{"class":212},[40,21605,4792],{"class":216},[40,21607,213],{"class":212},[40,21609,2669],{"class":54},[40,21611,13274],{"class":58},[40,21613,9079],{"class":54},[40,21615,21616],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,21617,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,21619,21620,21622,21624,21626,21628,21630],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,21621,2013],{"class":46},[40,21623,51],{"class":50},[40,21625,4889],{"class":46},[40,21627,289],{"class":54},[40,21629,497],{"class":91},[40,21631,8413],{"class":54},[40,21633,21634],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,21635,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,21637,21638,21640,21642,21644],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,21639,101],{"class":84},[40,21641,88],{"class":54},[40,21643,2048],{"class":91},[40,21645,95],{"class":54},[40,21647,21648,21650,21652,21654],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,21649,101],{"class":84},[40,21651,88],{"class":54},[40,21653,16156],{"class":91},[40,21655,95],{"class":54},[20,21657,21658],{},[183,21659,111],{},[31,21661,21663],{"className":33,"code":21662,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21664,21665,21698],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21666,21667,21670,21672,21674,21676,21678,21680,21682,21684,21686,21688,21690,21692,21694,21696],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21668,21669],{"class":91},"dict_items",[40,21671,9427],{"class":54},[40,21673,3087],{"class":212},[40,21675,4783],{"class":216},[40,21677,3087],{"class":212},[40,21679,62],{"class":54},[40,21681,19659],{"class":58},[40,21683,9003],{"class":54},[40,21685,9006],{"class":54},[40,21687,3087],{"class":212},[40,21689,4792],{"class":216},[40,21691,3087],{"class":212},[40,21693,62],{"class":54},[40,21695,13274],{"class":58},[40,21697,1149],{"class":54},[40,21699,21700,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,21701,9048],{"class":54},[40,21703,3087],{"class":212},[40,21705,4783],{"class":216},[40,21707,3087],{"class":212},[40,21709,2669],{"class":54},[40,21711,19659],{"class":58},[40,21713,62],{"class":54},[40,21715,3082],{"class":212},[40,21717,4792],{"class":216},[40,21719,3087],{"class":212},[40,21721,2669],{"class":54},[40,21723,13274],{"class":58},[40,21725,9079],{"class":54},[20,21727,20653],{},[129,21729,21731],{"id":21730},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21733,21734,21736,21737,21739],{},[15,21735,16843],{}," returns a ",[15,21738,21669],{}," view object.",[20,21741,1890],{},[134,21743,21744,21747,21750],{},[137,21745,21746],{},"You can loop over it",[137,21748,21749],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[137,21751,21752],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21754,195],{},[31,21756,21758],{"className":33,"code":21757,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21759,21760,21792,21806,21810,21824,21828,21847,21851],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21761,21762,21764,21766,21768,21770,21772,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21763,650],{"class":46},[40,21765,51],{"class":50},[40,21767,10260],{"class":54},[40,21769,213],{"class":212},[40,21771,1957],{"class":216},[40,21773,213],{"class":212},[40,21775,2669],{"class":54},[40,21777,1226],{"class":58},[40,21779,62],{"class":54},[40,21781,224],{"class":212},[40,21783,11514],{"class":216},[40,21785,213],{"class":212},[40,21787,2669],{"class":54},[40,21789,663],{"class":58},[40,21791,9079],{"class":54},[40,21793,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,21795,8985],{"class":46},[40,21797,51],{"class":50},[40,21799,14334],{"class":46},[40,21801,289],{"class":54},[40,21803,497],{"class":91},[40,21805,8413],{"class":54},[40,21807,21808],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,21809,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,21811,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820,21822],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,21813,101],{"class":84},[40,21815,88],{"class":54},[40,21817,610],{"class":609},[40,21819,88],{"class":54},[40,21821,9032],{"class":91},[40,21823,256],{"class":54},[40,21825,21826],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,21827,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,21829,21830,21832,21834,21836,21839,21841,21843,21845],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,21831,703],{"class":46},[40,21833,565],{"class":54},[40,21835,213],{"class":212},[40,21837,21838],{"class":216},"z",[40,21840,213],{"class":212},[40,21842,13040],{"class":54},[40,21844,13043],{"class":50},[40,21846,2360],{"class":58},[40,21848,21849],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,21850,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,21852,21853,21855,21857,21859,21861,21863],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,21854,101],{"class":84},[40,21856,88],{"class":54},[40,21858,610],{"class":609},[40,21860,88],{"class":54},[40,21862,9032],{"class":91},[40,21864,256],{"class":54},[20,21866,21867],{},[183,21868,111],{},[31,21870,21872],{"className":33,"code":21871,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21873,21874,21904],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21875,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21877,21501],{"class":54},[40,21879,3087],{"class":212},[40,21881,1957],{"class":216},[40,21883,3087],{"class":212},[40,21885,62],{"class":54},[40,21887,1226],{"class":58},[40,21889,9003],{"class":54},[40,21891,9006],{"class":54},[40,21893,3087],{"class":212},[40,21895,11514],{"class":216},[40,21897,3087],{"class":212},[40,21899,62],{"class":54},[40,21901,663],{"class":58},[40,21903,9019],{"class":54},[40,21905,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916,21918,21920,21922,21924,21926,21928,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,21907,21501],{"class":54},[40,21909,3087],{"class":212},[40,21911,1957],{"class":216},[40,21913,3087],{"class":212},[40,21915,62],{"class":54},[40,21917,1226],{"class":58},[40,21919,9003],{"class":54},[40,21921,9006],{"class":54},[40,21923,3087],{"class":212},[40,21925,11514],{"class":216},[40,21927,3087],{"class":212},[40,21929,62],{"class":54},[40,21931,663],{"class":58},[40,21933,9003],{"class":54},[40,21935,9006],{"class":54},[40,21937,3087],{"class":212},[40,21939,21838],{"class":216},[40,21941,3087],{"class":212},[40,21943,62],{"class":54},[40,21945,749],{"class":58},[40,21947,9019],{"class":54},[20,21949,21950,21951,21953],{},"This happens because ",[15,21952,9032],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[129,21955,21957,21958],{"id":21956},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21959,16843],{},[20,21961,21962,21963,2669],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21964,16843],{},[31,21966,21968],{"className":33,"code":21967,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21969,21970,22023,22027,22047],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,21971,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004,22007,22009,22011,22013,22015,22017,22019,22021],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,21973,12633],{"class":46},[40,21975,51],{"class":50},[40,21977,10260],{"class":54},[40,21979,213],{"class":212},[40,21981,7446],{"class":216},[40,21983,213],{"class":212},[40,21985,2669],{"class":54},[40,21987,224],{"class":212},[40,21989,7696],{"class":216},[40,21991,213],{"class":212},[40,21993,62],{"class":54},[40,21995,224],{"class":212},[40,21997,19652],{"class":216},[40,21999,213],{"class":212},[40,22001,2669],{"class":54},[40,22003,224],{"class":212},[40,22005,22006],{"class":216},"A",[40,22008,213],{"class":212},[40,22010,62],{"class":54},[40,22012,224],{"class":212},[40,22014,9069],{"class":216},[40,22016,213],{"class":212},[40,22018,2669],{"class":54},[40,22020,13625],{"class":58},[40,22022,9079],{"class":54},[40,22024,22025],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,22026,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,22028,22029,22031,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,22030,1548],{"class":535},[40,22032,21340],{"class":46},[40,22034,62],{"class":54},[40,22036,21345],{"class":46},[40,22038,1554],{"class":535},[40,22040,12675],{"class":46},[40,22042,289],{"class":54},[40,22044,497],{"class":91},[40,22046,21356],{"class":54},[40,22048,22049,22051,22053,22056,22058,22060,22062,22065,22068,22070,22072,22074,22076],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,22050,558],{"class":84},[40,22052,88],{"class":54},[40,22054,22055],{"class":1848},"f",[40,22057,213],{"class":216},[40,22059,9048],{"class":58},[40,22061,14609],{"class":91},[40,22063,22064],{"class":58},"}",[40,22066,22067],{"class":216},": ",[40,22069,9048],{"class":58},[40,22071,2255],{"class":91},[40,22073,22064],{"class":58},[40,22075,213],{"class":216},[40,22077,95],{"class":54},[20,22079,22080],{},[183,22081,111],{},[31,22083,22085],{"className":33,"code":22084,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22086,22087,22096,22105],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22088,22089,22091,22093],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22090,7446],{"class":46},[40,22092,2669],{"class":54},[40,22094,22095],{"class":46}," Mia\n",[40,22097,22098,22100,22102],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,22099,19652],{"class":46},[40,22101,2669],{"class":54},[40,22103,22104],{"class":46}," A\n",[40,22106,22107,22109,22111],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,22108,9069],{"class":46},[40,22110,2669],{"class":54},[40,22112,22113],{"class":58}," 14\n",[20,22115,22116],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[31,22118,22120],{"className":33,"code":22119,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22121,22122,22174,22178,22190],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22123,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138,22140,22142,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22125,12633],{"class":46},[40,22127,51],{"class":50},[40,22129,10260],{"class":54},[40,22131,213],{"class":212},[40,22133,7446],{"class":216},[40,22135,213],{"class":212},[40,22137,2669],{"class":54},[40,22139,224],{"class":212},[40,22141,7696],{"class":216},[40,22143,213],{"class":212},[40,22145,62],{"class":54},[40,22147,224],{"class":212},[40,22149,19652],{"class":216},[40,22151,213],{"class":212},[40,22153,2669],{"class":54},[40,22155,224],{"class":212},[40,22157,22006],{"class":216},[40,22159,213],{"class":212},[40,22161,62],{"class":54},[40,22163,224],{"class":212},[40,22165,9069],{"class":216},[40,22167,213],{"class":212},[40,22169,2669],{"class":54},[40,22171,13625],{"class":58},[40,22173,9079],{"class":54},[40,22175,22176],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,22177,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,22179,22180,22182,22184,22186,22188],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,22181,1548],{"class":535},[40,22183,17971],{"class":46},[40,22185,1554],{"class":535},[40,22187,12675],{"class":46},[40,22189,553],{"class":54},[40,22191,22192,22194,22196,22198,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218,22220,22222],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,22193,558],{"class":84},[40,22195,88],{"class":54},[40,22197,22055],{"class":1848},[40,22199,213],{"class":216},[40,22201,9048],{"class":58},[40,22203,14609],{"class":91},[40,22205,22064],{"class":58},[40,22207,22067],{"class":216},[40,22209,9048],{"class":58},[40,22211,13393],{"class":91},[40,22213,565],{"class":54},[40,22215,14609],{"class":91},[40,22217,13040],{"class":54},[40,22219,22064],{"class":58},[40,22221,213],{"class":216},[40,22223,95],{"class":54},[20,22225,6288,22226,22229],{},[15,22227,22228],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22231,22232,22233,289],{},"For a full guide, see ",[282,22234,22236],{"href":22235},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[129,22238,22240],{"id":22239},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22242,22243],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[31,22245,22247],{"className":33,"code":22246,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22248,22249,22308,22312,22332,22336],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22250,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281,22283,22286,22288,22290,22292,22295,22297,22299,22301,22304,22306],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22252,309],{"class":46},[40,22254,51],{"class":50},[40,22256,10260],{"class":54},[40,22258,213],{"class":212},[40,22260,3862],{"class":216},[40,22262,213],{"class":212},[40,22264,2669],{"class":54},[40,22266,224],{"class":212},[40,22268,318],{"class":216},[40,22270,213],{"class":212},[40,22272,62],{"class":54},[40,22274,224],{"class":212},[40,22276,3871],{"class":216},[40,22278,213],{"class":212},[40,22280,2669],{"class":54},[40,22282,224],{"class":212},[40,22284,22285],{"class":216},"yellow",[40,22287,213],{"class":212},[40,22289,62],{"class":54},[40,22291,224],{"class":212},[40,22293,22294],{"class":216},"grape",[40,22296,213],{"class":212},[40,22298,2669],{"class":54},[40,22300,224],{"class":212},[40,22302,22303],{"class":216},"purple",[40,22305,213],{"class":212},[40,22307,9079],{"class":54},[40,22309,22310],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,22311,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,22313,22314,22317,22319,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,22315,22316],{"class":46},"pairs_list ",[40,22318,51],{"class":50},[40,22320,22321],{"class":609}," list",[40,22323,88],{"class":54},[40,22325,353],{"class":91},[40,22327,289],{"class":54},[40,22329,497],{"class":91},[40,22331,847],{"class":54},[40,22333,22334],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,22335,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,22337,22338,22340,22342,22345],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,22339,101],{"class":84},[40,22341,88],{"class":54},[40,22343,22344],{"class":91},"pairs_list",[40,22346,95],{"class":54},[20,22348,22349],{},[183,22350,111],{},[31,22352,22354],{"className":33,"code":22353,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22355,22356],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22357,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370,22372,22374,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22359,21501],{"class":54},[40,22361,3087],{"class":212},[40,22363,3862],{"class":216},[40,22365,3087],{"class":212},[40,22367,62],{"class":54},[40,22369,3082],{"class":212},[40,22371,318],{"class":216},[40,22373,3087],{"class":212},[40,22375,9003],{"class":54},[40,22377,9006],{"class":54},[40,22379,3087],{"class":212},[40,22381,3871],{"class":216},[40,22383,3087],{"class":212},[40,22385,62],{"class":54},[40,22387,3082],{"class":212},[40,22389,22285],{"class":216},[40,22391,3087],{"class":212},[40,22393,9003],{"class":54},[40,22395,9006],{"class":54},[40,22397,3087],{"class":212},[40,22399,22294],{"class":216},[40,22401,3087],{"class":212},[40,22403,62],{"class":54},[40,22405,3082],{"class":212},[40,22407,22303],{"class":216},[40,22409,3087],{"class":212},[40,22411,9019],{"class":54},[20,22413,22414],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22416,22417],{},"Use this when:",[134,22419,22420,22423,22426],{},[137,22421,22422],{},"You want clearer printed output",[137,22424,22425],{},"You need list behavior",[137,22427,22428],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[129,22430,22432,10355,22434,10355,22436],{"id":22431},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22433,16843],{},[15,22435,16830],{},[15,22437,16836],{},[20,22439,22440],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[134,22442,22443,22448,22453],{},[137,22444,22445,22447],{},[15,22446,16843],{}," gives both key and value",[137,22449,22450,22452],{},[15,22451,16830],{}," gives only keys",[137,22454,22455,22457],{},[15,22456,16836],{}," gives only values",[20,22459,195],{},[31,22461,22463],{"className":33,"code":22462,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22464,22465,22501,22505,22523,22541],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22466,22467,22469,22471,22473,22475,22477,22479,22481,22483,22485,22487,22489,22491,22493,22495,22497,22499],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22468,12971],{"class":46},[40,22470,51],{"class":50},[40,22472,10260],{"class":54},[40,22474,213],{"class":212},[40,22476,7446],{"class":216},[40,22478,213],{"class":212},[40,22480,2669],{"class":54},[40,22482,224],{"class":212},[40,22484,1517],{"class":216},[40,22486,213],{"class":212},[40,22488,62],{"class":54},[40,22490,224],{"class":212},[40,22492,9069],{"class":216},[40,22494,213],{"class":212},[40,22496,2669],{"class":54},[40,22498,9076],{"class":58},[40,22500,9079],{"class":54},[40,22502,22503],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,22504,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,22506,22507,22509,22511,22513,22515,22517,22519,22521],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,22508,101],{"class":84},[40,22510,88],{"class":54},[40,22512,610],{"class":609},[40,22514,88],{"class":54},[40,22516,17072],{"class":91},[40,22518,289],{"class":54},[40,22520,16689],{"class":91},[40,22522,6067],{"class":54},[40,22524,22525,22527,22529,22531,22533,22535,22537,22539],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,22526,101],{"class":84},[40,22528,88],{"class":54},[40,22530,610],{"class":609},[40,22532,88],{"class":54},[40,22534,17072],{"class":91},[40,22536,289],{"class":54},[40,22538,5137],{"class":91},[40,22540,6067],{"class":54},[40,22542,22543,22545,22547,22549,22551,22553,22555,22557],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,22544,101],{"class":84},[40,22546,88],{"class":54},[40,22548,610],{"class":609},[40,22550,88],{"class":54},[40,22552,17072],{"class":91},[40,22554,289],{"class":54},[40,22556,497],{"class":91},[40,22558,6067],{"class":54},[20,22560,22561],{},[183,22562,111],{},[31,22564,22566],{"className":33,"code":22565,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22567,22568,22588,22604],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22569,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582,22584,22586],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22571,565],{"class":54},[40,22573,3087],{"class":212},[40,22575,7446],{"class":216},[40,22577,3087],{"class":212},[40,22579,62],{"class":54},[40,22581,3082],{"class":212},[40,22583,9069],{"class":216},[40,22585,3087],{"class":212},[40,22587,73],{"class":54},[40,22589,22590,22592,22594,22596,22598,22600,22602],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,22591,565],{"class":54},[40,22593,3087],{"class":212},[40,22595,1517],{"class":216},[40,22597,3087],{"class":212},[40,22599,62],{"class":54},[40,22601,9076],{"class":58},[40,22603,73],{"class":54},[40,22605,22606,22608,22610,22612,22614,22616,22618,22620,22622,22624,22626,22628,22630,22632,22634,22636],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,22607,21501],{"class":54},[40,22609,3087],{"class":212},[40,22611,7446],{"class":216},[40,22613,3087],{"class":212},[40,22615,62],{"class":54},[40,22617,3082],{"class":212},[40,22619,1517],{"class":216},[40,22621,3087],{"class":212},[40,22623,9003],{"class":54},[40,22625,9006],{"class":54},[40,22627,3087],{"class":212},[40,22629,9069],{"class":216},[40,22631,3087],{"class":212},[40,22633,62],{"class":54},[40,22635,9076],{"class":58},[40,22637,9019],{"class":54},[20,22639,22640],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[134,22642,22643,22651,22659],{},[137,22644,22645,22646],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[282,22647,22649],{"href":22648},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22650,16830],{},[137,22652,22653,22654],{},"Need just values? Use ",[282,22655,22657],{"href":22656},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22658,16836],{},[137,22660,22661,22662],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22663,16843],{},[129,22665,1345,22667],{"id":22666},"when-to-use-items",[15,22668,16843],{},[20,22670,22671,22673],{},[15,22672,16843],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[134,22675,22676,22679,22682,22685,22688],{},[137,22677,22678],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[137,22680,22681],{},"Building formatted output",[137,22683,22684],{},"Looping through settings and values",[137,22686,22687],{},"Showing names with scores",[137,22689,22690],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22692,195],{},[31,22694,22696],{"className":33,"code":22695,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22697,22698,22706,22724,22743,22755,22759,22763,22784],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22699,22700,22702,22704],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22701,13593],{"class":46},[40,22703,51],{"class":50},[40,22705,11263],{"class":54},[40,22707,22708,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,22709,11268],{"class":212},[40,22711,12264],{"class":216},[40,22713,213],{"class":212},[40,22715,2669],{"class":54},[40,22717,224],{"class":212},[40,22719,12273],{"class":216},[40,22721,213],{"class":212},[40,22723,11284],{"class":54},[40,22725,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22739,22741],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,22727,11268],{"class":212},[40,22729,19884],{"class":216},[40,22731,213],{"class":212},[40,22733,2669],{"class":54},[40,22735,224],{"class":212},[40,22737,22738],{"class":216},"English",[40,22740,213],{"class":212},[40,22742,11284],{"class":54},[40,22744,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,22746,11268],{"class":212},[40,22748,18287],{"class":216},[40,22750,213],{"class":212},[40,22752,2669],{"class":54},[40,22754,6200],{"class":1494},[40,22756,22757],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,22758,9079],{"class":54},[40,22760,22761],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,22762,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,22764,22765,22767,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,22766,1548],{"class":535},[40,22768,22769],{"class":46}," setting",[40,22771,62],{"class":54},[40,22773,21345],{"class":46},[40,22775,1554],{"class":535},[40,22777,13637],{"class":46},[40,22779,289],{"class":54},[40,22781,497],{"class":91},[40,22783,21356],{"class":54},[40,22785,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796,22799,22801,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,22787,558],{"class":84},[40,22789,88],{"class":54},[40,22791,22055],{"class":1848},[40,22793,213],{"class":216},[40,22795,9048],{"class":58},[40,22797,22798],{"class":91},"setting",[40,22800,22064],{"class":58},[40,22802,22803],{"class":216}," = ",[40,22805,9048],{"class":58},[40,22807,2255],{"class":91},[40,22809,22064],{"class":58},[40,22811,213],{"class":216},[40,22813,95],{"class":54},[20,22815,22816],{},[183,22817,111],{},[31,22819,22821],{"className":33,"code":22820,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22822,22823,22833,22843],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22824,22825,22828,22830],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22826,22827],{"class":46},"theme ",[40,22829,51],{"class":50},[40,22831,22832],{"class":46}," dark\n",[40,22834,22835,22838,22840],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,22836,22837],{"class":46},"language ",[40,22839,51],{"class":50},[40,22841,22842],{"class":46}," English\n",[40,22844,22845,22848,22850],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,22846,22847],{"class":46},"notifications ",[40,22849,51],{"class":50},[40,22851,6200],{"class":1494},[129,22853,2613],{"id":2612},[20,22855,22856,22857,289],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22858,16843],{},[792,22860,22862,22863,22865],{"id":22861},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22864,16843],{}," incorrectly",[20,22867,22868,22869,22871,22872,22875],{},"Each result from ",[15,22870,16843],{}," has ",[183,22873,22874],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22877,6466],{},[31,22879,22880],{"className":33,"code":21291,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,22881,22882,22918,22922,22942],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22883,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908,22910,22912,22914,22916],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22885,12971],{"class":46},[40,22887,51],{"class":50},[40,22889,10260],{"class":54},[40,22891,213],{"class":212},[40,22893,7446],{"class":216},[40,22895,213],{"class":212},[40,22897,2669],{"class":54},[40,22899,224],{"class":212},[40,22901,1517],{"class":216},[40,22903,213],{"class":212},[40,22905,62],{"class":54},[40,22907,224],{"class":212},[40,22909,9069],{"class":216},[40,22911,213],{"class":212},[40,22913,2669],{"class":54},[40,22915,9076],{"class":58},[40,22917,9079],{"class":54},[40,22919,22920],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,22921,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,22923,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936,22938,22940],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,22925,1548],{"class":535},[40,22927,21340],{"class":46},[40,22929,62],{"class":54},[40,22931,21345],{"class":46},[40,22933,1554],{"class":535},[40,22935,13014],{"class":46},[40,22937,289],{"class":54},[40,22939,497],{"class":91},[40,22941,21356],{"class":54},[40,22943,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,22945,558],{"class":84},[40,22947,88],{"class":54},[40,22949,14609],{"class":91},[40,22951,62],{"class":54},[40,22953,8203],{"class":91},[40,22955,95],{"class":54},[20,22957,22958],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[31,22960,22962],{"className":33,"code":22961,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22963,22964,23000,23004,23020],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,22965,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974,22976,22978,22980,22982,22984,22986,22988,22990,22992,22994,22996,22998],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,22967,12971],{"class":46},[40,22969,51],{"class":50},[40,22971,10260],{"class":54},[40,22973,213],{"class":212},[40,22975,7446],{"class":216},[40,22977,213],{"class":212},[40,22979,2669],{"class":54},[40,22981,224],{"class":212},[40,22983,1517],{"class":216},[40,22985,213],{"class":212},[40,22987,62],{"class":54},[40,22989,224],{"class":212},[40,22991,9069],{"class":216},[40,22993,213],{"class":212},[40,22995,2669],{"class":54},[40,22997,9076],{"class":58},[40,22999,9079],{"class":54},[40,23001,23002],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,23003,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,23005,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016,23018],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,23007,1548],{"class":535},[40,23009,17971],{"class":46},[40,23011,1554],{"class":535},[40,23013,13014],{"class":46},[40,23015,289],{"class":54},[40,23017,497],{"class":91},[40,23019,21356],{"class":54},[40,23021,23022,23024,23026,23028],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,23023,558],{"class":84},[40,23025,88],{"class":54},[40,23027,14609],{"class":91},[40,23029,95],{"class":54},[20,23031,23032,23033,23035,23036,23039],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23034,14609],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23037,23038],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23041,23042],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[31,23044,23046],{"className":33,"code":23045,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23047,23048,23064],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23049,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23051,1548],{"class":535},[40,23053,5737],{"class":46},[40,23055,1554],{"class":535},[40,23057,13014],{"class":46},[40,23059,289],{"class":54},[40,23061,497],{"class":91},[40,23063,21356],{"class":54},[40,23065,23066,23068,23070,23073],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,23067,558],{"class":84},[40,23069,88],{"class":54},[40,23071,23072],{"class":91},"item",[40,23074,95],{"class":54},[20,23076,23077],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[31,23079,23081],{"className":33,"code":23080,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23082,23083,23103],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23084,23085,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23086,1548],{"class":535},[40,23088,21340],{"class":46},[40,23090,62],{"class":54},[40,23092,21345],{"class":46},[40,23094,1554],{"class":535},[40,23096,13014],{"class":46},[40,23098,289],{"class":54},[40,23100,497],{"class":91},[40,23102,21356],{"class":54},[40,23104,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113,23115],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,23106,558],{"class":84},[40,23108,88],{"class":54},[40,23110,14609],{"class":91},[40,23112,62],{"class":54},[40,23114,8203],{"class":91},[40,23116,95],{"class":54},[792,23118,8223,23120,23122],{"id":23119},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23121,16843],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23124,23125,21736,23127,23129],{},[15,23126,16843],{},[15,23128,21669],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23131,23132],{},"Check it:",[31,23134,23136],{"className":33,"code":23135,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23137,23138,23170,23174,23188,23206],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23139,23140,23142,23144,23146,23148,23150,23152,23154,23156,23158,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23141,11493],{"class":46},[40,23143,51],{"class":50},[40,23145,10260],{"class":54},[40,23147,213],{"class":212},[40,23149,282],{"class":216},[40,23151,213],{"class":212},[40,23153,2669],{"class":54},[40,23155,1226],{"class":58},[40,23157,62],{"class":54},[40,23159,224],{"class":212},[40,23161,1017],{"class":216},[40,23163,213],{"class":212},[40,23165,2669],{"class":54},[40,23167,663],{"class":58},[40,23169,9079],{"class":54},[40,23171,23172],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,23173,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,23175,23176,23178,23180,23182,23184,23186],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,23177,101],{"class":84},[40,23179,88],{"class":54},[40,23181,11219],{"class":91},[40,23183,289],{"class":54},[40,23185,497],{"class":91},[40,23187,847],{"class":54},[40,23189,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198,23200,23202,23204],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,23191,101],{"class":84},[40,23193,88],{"class":54},[40,23195,1297],{"class":609},[40,23197,88],{"class":54},[40,23199,11219],{"class":91},[40,23201,289],{"class":54},[40,23203,497],{"class":91},[40,23205,6067],{"class":54},[40,23207,23208,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218,23220,23222],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,23209,101],{"class":84},[40,23211,88],{"class":54},[40,23213,610],{"class":609},[40,23215,88],{"class":54},[40,23217,11219],{"class":91},[40,23219,289],{"class":54},[40,23221,497],{"class":91},[40,23223,6067],{"class":54},[20,23225,23226],{},[183,23227,111],{},[31,23229,23231],{"className":33,"code":23230,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23232,23233,23265,23279],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23234,23235,23237,23239,23241,23243,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257,23259,23261,23263],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23236,21669],{"class":91},[40,23238,9427],{"class":54},[40,23240,3087],{"class":212},[40,23242,282],{"class":216},[40,23244,3087],{"class":212},[40,23246,62],{"class":54},[40,23248,1226],{"class":58},[40,23250,9003],{"class":54},[40,23252,9006],{"class":54},[40,23254,3087],{"class":212},[40,23256,1017],{"class":216},[40,23258,3087],{"class":212},[40,23260,62],{"class":54},[40,23262,663],{"class":58},[40,23264,1149],{"class":54},[40,23266,23267,23269,23271,23273,23275,23277],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,23268,3076],{"class":50},[40,23270,3079],{"class":1848},[40,23272,3082],{"class":212},[40,23274,21669],{"class":216},[40,23276,3087],{"class":212},[40,23278,3090],{"class":50},[40,23280,23281,23283,23285,23287,23289,23291,23293,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305,23307],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,23282,21501],{"class":54},[40,23284,3087],{"class":212},[40,23286,282],{"class":216},[40,23288,3087],{"class":212},[40,23290,62],{"class":54},[40,23292,1226],{"class":58},[40,23294,9003],{"class":54},[40,23296,9006],{"class":54},[40,23298,3087],{"class":212},[40,23300,1017],{"class":216},[40,23302,3087],{"class":212},[40,23304,62],{"class":54},[40,23306,663],{"class":58},[40,23308,9019],{"class":54},[792,23310,23312,23313],{"id":23311},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23314,16843],{},[20,23316,23317],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23319,23320],{},"Problem example:",[31,23322,23324],{"className":33,"code":23323,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23325,23326,23370,23374,23394,23406],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23327,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338,23340,23342,23344,23346,23348,23350,23352,23354,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23329,47],{"class":46},[40,23331,51],{"class":50},[40,23333,10260],{"class":54},[40,23335,213],{"class":212},[40,23337,282],{"class":216},[40,23339,213],{"class":212},[40,23341,2669],{"class":54},[40,23343,1226],{"class":58},[40,23345,62],{"class":54},[40,23347,224],{"class":212},[40,23349,1017],{"class":216},[40,23351,213],{"class":212},[40,23353,2669],{"class":54},[40,23355,663],{"class":58},[40,23357,62],{"class":54},[40,23359,224],{"class":212},[40,23361,1026],{"class":216},[40,23363,213],{"class":212},[40,23365,2669],{"class":54},[40,23367,749],{"class":58},[40,23369,9079],{"class":54},[40,23371,23372],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,23373,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,23375,23376,23378,23380,23382,23384,23386,23388,23390,23392],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,23377,1548],{"class":535},[40,23379,21340],{"class":46},[40,23381,62],{"class":54},[40,23383,21345],{"class":46},[40,23385,1554],{"class":535},[40,23387,4045],{"class":46},[40,23389,289],{"class":54},[40,23391,497],{"class":91},[40,23393,21356],{"class":54},[40,23395,23396,23398,23400,23402,23404],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,23397,6175],{"class":535},[40,23399,21345],{"class":46},[40,23401,4470],{"class":50},[40,23403,663],{"class":58},[40,23405,553],{"class":54},[40,23407,23408,23411,23413,23415,23417,23419,23421,23423],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,23409,23410],{"class":46},"        numbers",[40,23412,565],{"class":54},[40,23414,213],{"class":212},[40,23416,18530],{"class":216},[40,23418,213],{"class":212},[40,23420,13040],{"class":54},[40,23422,13043],{"class":50},[40,23424,23425],{"class":58}," 4\n",[20,23427,23428],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23430,23431],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[31,23433,23435],{"className":33,"code":23434,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23436,23437,23481,23485,23510,23522,23540,23544],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23438,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449,23451,23453,23455,23457,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475,23477,23479],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23440,47],{"class":46},[40,23442,51],{"class":50},[40,23444,10260],{"class":54},[40,23446,213],{"class":212},[40,23448,282],{"class":216},[40,23450,213],{"class":212},[40,23452,2669],{"class":54},[40,23454,1226],{"class":58},[40,23456,62],{"class":54},[40,23458,224],{"class":212},[40,23460,1017],{"class":216},[40,23462,213],{"class":212},[40,23464,2669],{"class":54},[40,23466,663],{"class":58},[40,23468,62],{"class":54},[40,23470,224],{"class":212},[40,23472,1026],{"class":216},[40,23474,213],{"class":212},[40,23476,2669],{"class":54},[40,23478,749],{"class":58},[40,23480,9079],{"class":54},[40,23482,23483],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,23484,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,23486,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495,23497,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,23488,1548],{"class":535},[40,23490,21340],{"class":46},[40,23492,62],{"class":54},[40,23494,21345],{"class":46},[40,23496,1554],{"class":535},[40,23498,22321],{"class":609},[40,23500,88],{"class":54},[40,23502,92],{"class":91},[40,23504,289],{"class":54},[40,23506,497],{"class":91},[40,23508,23509],{"class":54},"()):\n",[40,23511,23512,23514,23516,23518,23520],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,23513,6175],{"class":535},[40,23515,21345],{"class":46},[40,23517,4470],{"class":50},[40,23519,663],{"class":58},[40,23521,553],{"class":54},[40,23523,23524,23526,23528,23530,23532,23534,23536,23538],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,23525,23410],{"class":46},[40,23527,565],{"class":54},[40,23529,213],{"class":212},[40,23531,18530],{"class":216},[40,23533,213],{"class":212},[40,23535,13040],{"class":54},[40,23537,13043],{"class":50},[40,23539,23425],{"class":58},[40,23541,23542],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,23543,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,23545,23546,23548,23550,23552],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,23547,101],{"class":84},[40,23549,88],{"class":54},[40,23551,92],{"class":91},[40,23553,95],{"class":54},[792,23555,23557],{"id":23556},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23559,23560],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[31,23562,23564],{"className":33,"code":23563,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23565,23566,23598,23602,23618],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23567,23568,23570,23572,23574,23576,23578,23580,23582,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592,23594,23596],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23569,650],{"class":46},[40,23571,51],{"class":50},[40,23573,10260],{"class":54},[40,23575,213],{"class":212},[40,23577,1957],{"class":216},[40,23579,213],{"class":212},[40,23581,2669],{"class":54},[40,23583,5781],{"class":58},[40,23585,62],{"class":54},[40,23587,224],{"class":212},[40,23589,11514],{"class":216},[40,23591,213],{"class":212},[40,23593,2669],{"class":54},[40,23595,65],{"class":58},[40,23597,9079],{"class":54},[40,23599,23600],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,23601,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,23603,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612,23614,23616],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,23605,1548],{"class":535},[40,23607,5737],{"class":46},[40,23609,1554],{"class":535},[40,23611,14334],{"class":46},[40,23613,289],{"class":54},[40,23615,497],{"class":91},[40,23617,21356],{"class":54},[40,23619,23620,23622,23624,23626],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,23621,558],{"class":84},[40,23623,88],{"class":54},[40,23625,23072],{"class":91},[40,23627,95],{"class":54},[20,23629,23630],{},[183,23631,111],{},[31,23633,23635],{"className":33,"code":23634,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23636,23637,23653],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23638,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23640,88],{"class":54},[40,23642,3087],{"class":212},[40,23644,1957],{"class":216},[40,23646,3087],{"class":212},[40,23648,62],{"class":54},[40,23650,5781],{"class":58},[40,23652,95],{"class":54},[40,23654,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663,23665,23667],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,23656,88],{"class":54},[40,23658,3087],{"class":212},[40,23660,11514],{"class":216},[40,23662,3087],{"class":212},[40,23664,62],{"class":54},[40,23666,65],{"class":58},[40,23668,95],{"class":54},[20,23670,23671,23672,23674],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23673,21416],{}," pair.",[129,23676,1636],{"id":1635},[792,23678,23680,23681,4923],{"id":23679},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23682,16843],{},[20,23684,17187,23685,23687],{},[15,23686,21669],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[792,23689,12474,23691,23693],{"id":23690},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23692,16843],{}," return a list?",[20,23695,23696,23697,23700],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23698,23699],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[792,23702,23704,23705,2275],{"id":23703},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23706,16843],{},[20,23708,23709],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[31,23711,23713],{"className":33,"code":23712,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23714,23715,23735],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23716,23717,23719,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729,23731,23733],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23718,1548],{"class":535},[40,23720,21340],{"class":46},[40,23722,62],{"class":54},[40,23724,21345],{"class":46},[40,23726,1554],{"class":535},[40,23728,11535],{"class":46},[40,23730,289],{"class":54},[40,23732,497],{"class":91},[40,23734,21356],{"class":54},[40,23736,23737,23739,23741,23743,23745,23747],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,23738,558],{"class":84},[40,23740,88],{"class":54},[40,23742,14609],{"class":91},[40,23744,62],{"class":54},[40,23746,8203],{"class":91},[40,23748,95],{"class":54},[792,23750,12474,23752,23754],{"id":23751},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23753,16843],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23756,23757],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[129,23759,1687],{"id":1686},[134,23761,23762,23768,23774,23779,23783],{},[137,23763,23764],{},[282,23765,10506,23766,10510],{"href":22648},[15,23767,16830],{},[137,23769,23770],{},[282,23771,10506,23772,10510],{"href":22656},[15,23773,16836],{},[137,23775,23776],{},[282,23777,23778],{"href":22235},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[137,23780,23781],{},[282,23782,8927],{"href":12792},[137,23784,23785],{},[282,23786,23787],{"href":21539},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1715,23789,23790],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":23792},[23793,23794,23796,23797,23798,23800,23801,23803,23805,23814,23824],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":21399,"depth":76,"text":23795},"What items() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":21730,"depth":76,"text":21731},{"id":21956,"depth":76,"text":23799},"Looping with items()",{"id":22239,"depth":76,"text":22240},{"id":22431,"depth":76,"text":23802},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22666,"depth":76,"text":23804},"When to use items()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":23806},[23807,23809,23811,23813],{"id":22861,"depth":98,"text":23808},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23119,"depth":98,"text":23810},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23311,"depth":98,"text":23812},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23556,"depth":98,"text":23557},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":23815},[23816,23818,23820,23822],{"id":23679,"depth":98,"text":23817},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23690,"depth":98,"text":23819},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23703,"depth":98,"text":23821},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23751,"depth":98,"text":23823},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21267,"description":23825},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23832,"title":23833,"body":23834,"description":25923,"extension":1746,"meta":25924,"navigation":360,"path":22648,"seo":25925,"stem":25926,"__hash__":25927},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23835,"toc":25889},[23836,23841,23847,23850,23861,23868,23870,23953,23957,24004,24009,24014,24019,24021,24037,24039,24138,24142,24199,24202,24204,24207,24300,24304,24367,24370,24386,24391,24393,24395,24410,24412,24423,24425,24468,24471,24515,24518,24520,24527,24530,24547,24549,24642,24646,24687,24699,24703,24706,24794,24798,24818,24821,24848,24855,24860,24864,24875,24877,24981,24985,25011,25014,25081,25086,25089,25112,25117,25121,25126,25132,25137,25139,25194,25198,25225,25232,25238,25241,25266,25272,25298,25301,25376,25383,25388,25390,25429,25447,25449,25452,25495,25498,25500,25519,25521,25526,25551,25554,25624,25627,25700,25704,25706,25767,25770,25786,25788,25793,25798,25805,25814,25820,25826,25833,25839,25843,25848,25850,25886],[10,23837,11087,23839,11091],{"id":23838},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23840,16830],{},[20,23842,23843,23844,23846],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23845,16830],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23848,23849],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[134,23851,23852,23855,23858],{},[137,23853,23854],{},"view the available keys",[137,23856,23857],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[137,23859,23860],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23862,23863,23865,23866,289],{},[15,23864,16830],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23867,16780],{},[129,23869,1787],{"id":1786},[31,23871,23873],{"className":33,"code":23872,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23874,23875,23911,23925,23929,23939],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23876,23877,23879,23881,23883,23885,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903,23905,23907,23909],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23878,12633],{"class":46},[40,23880,51],{"class":50},[40,23882,10260],{"class":54},[40,23884,213],{"class":212},[40,23886,7446],{"class":216},[40,23888,213],{"class":212},[40,23890,2669],{"class":54},[40,23892,224],{"class":212},[40,23894,1517],{"class":216},[40,23896,213],{"class":212},[40,23898,62],{"class":54},[40,23900,224],{"class":212},[40,23902,9069],{"class":216},[40,23904,213],{"class":212},[40,23906,2669],{"class":54},[40,23908,65],{"class":58},[40,23910,9079],{"class":54},[40,23912,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921,23923],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,23914,17007],{"class":46},[40,23916,51],{"class":50},[40,23918,12675],{"class":46},[40,23920,289],{"class":54},[40,23922,16689],{"class":91},[40,23924,8413],{"class":54},[40,23926,23927],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,23928,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,23930,23931,23933,23935,23937],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,23932,101],{"class":84},[40,23934,88],{"class":54},[40,23936,16689],{"class":91},[40,23938,95],{"class":54},[40,23940,23941,23943,23945,23947,23949,23951],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,23942,101],{"class":84},[40,23944,88],{"class":54},[40,23946,610],{"class":609},[40,23948,88],{"class":54},[40,23950,16689],{"class":91},[40,23952,256],{"class":54},[20,23954,23955],{},[183,23956,111],{},[31,23958,23960],{"className":33,"code":23959,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23961,23962,23984],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,23963,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976,23978,23980,23982],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,23965,16780],{"class":91},[40,23967,2771],{"class":54},[40,23969,3087],{"class":212},[40,23971,7446],{"class":216},[40,23973,3087],{"class":212},[40,23975,62],{"class":54},[40,23977,3082],{"class":212},[40,23979,9069],{"class":216},[40,23981,3087],{"class":212},[40,23983,570],{"class":54},[40,23985,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996,23998,24000,24002],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,23987,565],{"class":54},[40,23989,3087],{"class":212},[40,23991,7446],{"class":216},[40,23993,3087],{"class":212},[40,23995,62],{"class":54},[40,23997,3082],{"class":212},[40,23999,9069],{"class":216},[40,24001,3087],{"class":212},[40,24003,73],{"class":54},[20,24005,123,24006,24008],{},[15,24007,16830],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[129,24010,158,24012,3466],{"id":24011},"what-keys-does",[15,24013,16830],{},[20,24015,24016,24018],{},[15,24017,16830],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24020,11228],{},[134,24022,24023,24026,24029,24034],{},[137,24024,24025],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[137,24027,24028],{},"It does not need any arguments",[137,24030,17187,24031,24033],{},[15,24032,16780],{}," view object, not a list",[137,24035,24036],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24038,195],{},[31,24040,24042],{"className":33,"code":24041,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24043,24044,24080,24084,24098,24102,24124],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24045,24046,24048,24050,24052,24054,24056,24058,24060,24062,24064,24066,24068,24070,24072,24074,24076,24078],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24047,12971],{"class":46},[40,24049,51],{"class":50},[40,24051,10260],{"class":54},[40,24053,213],{"class":212},[40,24055,7446],{"class":216},[40,24057,213],{"class":212},[40,24059,2669],{"class":54},[40,24061,224],{"class":212},[40,24063,12988],{"class":216},[40,24065,213],{"class":212},[40,24067,62],{"class":54},[40,24069,224],{"class":212},[40,24071,9069],{"class":216},[40,24073,213],{"class":212},[40,24075,2669],{"class":54},[40,24077,9076],{"class":58},[40,24079,9079],{"class":54},[40,24081,24082],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,24083,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,24085,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,24087,101],{"class":84},[40,24089,88],{"class":54},[40,24091,17072],{"class":91},[40,24093,289],{"class":54},[40,24095,16689],{"class":91},[40,24097,847],{"class":54},[40,24099,24100],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,24101,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,24103,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116,24118,24120,24122],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,24105,17072],{"class":46},[40,24107,565],{"class":54},[40,24109,213],{"class":212},[40,24111,10178],{"class":216},[40,24113,213],{"class":212},[40,24115,13040],{"class":54},[40,24117,13043],{"class":50},[40,24119,224],{"class":212},[40,24121,10185],{"class":216},[40,24123,3146],{"class":212},[40,24125,24126,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,24127,101],{"class":84},[40,24129,88],{"class":54},[40,24131,17072],{"class":91},[40,24133,289],{"class":54},[40,24135,16689],{"class":91},[40,24137,847],{"class":54},[20,24139,24140],{},[183,24141,111],{},[31,24143,24145],{"className":33,"code":24144,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24146,24147,24169],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24148,24149,24151,24153,24155,24157,24159,24161,24163,24165,24167],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24150,16780],{"class":91},[40,24152,2771],{"class":54},[40,24154,3087],{"class":212},[40,24156,7446],{"class":216},[40,24158,3087],{"class":212},[40,24160,62],{"class":54},[40,24162,3082],{"class":212},[40,24164,9069],{"class":216},[40,24166,3087],{"class":212},[40,24168,570],{"class":54},[40,24170,24171,24173,24175,24177,24179,24181,24183,24185,24187,24189,24191,24193,24195,24197],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,24172,16780],{"class":91},[40,24174,2771],{"class":54},[40,24176,3087],{"class":212},[40,24178,7446],{"class":216},[40,24180,3087],{"class":212},[40,24182,62],{"class":54},[40,24184,3082],{"class":212},[40,24186,9069],{"class":216},[40,24188,3087],{"class":212},[40,24190,62],{"class":54},[40,24192,3082],{"class":212},[40,24194,10178],{"class":216},[40,24196,3087],{"class":212},[40,24198,570],{"class":54},[20,24200,24201],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[129,24203,293],{"id":292},[20,24205,24206],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[31,24208,24210],{"className":33,"code":24209,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24211,24212,24264,24268,24282],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24213,24214,24216,24218,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234,24236,24238,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248,24250,24252,24254,24256,24258,24260,24262],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24215,650],{"class":46},[40,24217,51],{"class":50},[40,24219,10260],{"class":54},[40,24221,213],{"class":212},[40,24223,7446],{"class":216},[40,24225,213],{"class":212},[40,24227,2669],{"class":54},[40,24229,224],{"class":212},[40,24231,1517],{"class":216},[40,24233,213],{"class":212},[40,24235,62],{"class":54},[40,24237,224],{"class":212},[40,24239,9069],{"class":216},[40,24241,213],{"class":212},[40,24243,2669],{"class":54},[40,24245,65],{"class":58},[40,24247,62],{"class":54},[40,24249,224],{"class":212},[40,24251,19652],{"class":216},[40,24253,213],{"class":212},[40,24255,2669],{"class":54},[40,24257,224],{"class":212},[40,24259,22006],{"class":216},[40,24261,213],{"class":212},[40,24263,9079],{"class":54},[40,24265,24266],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,24267,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,24269,24270,24272,24274,24276,24278,24280],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,24271,101],{"class":84},[40,24273,88],{"class":54},[40,24275,703],{"class":91},[40,24277,289],{"class":54},[40,24279,16689],{"class":91},[40,24281,847],{"class":54},[40,24283,24284,24286,24288,24290,24292,24294,24296,24298],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,24285,101],{"class":84},[40,24287,88],{"class":54},[40,24289,610],{"class":609},[40,24291,88],{"class":54},[40,24293,703],{"class":91},[40,24295,289],{"class":54},[40,24297,16689],{"class":91},[40,24299,6067],{"class":54},[20,24301,24302],{},[183,24303,111],{},[31,24305,24307],{"className":33,"code":24306,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24308,24309,24339],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24310,24311,24313,24315,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329,24331,24333,24335,24337],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24312,16780],{"class":91},[40,24314,2771],{"class":54},[40,24316,3087],{"class":212},[40,24318,7446],{"class":216},[40,24320,3087],{"class":212},[40,24322,62],{"class":54},[40,24324,3082],{"class":212},[40,24326,9069],{"class":216},[40,24328,3087],{"class":212},[40,24330,62],{"class":54},[40,24332,3082],{"class":212},[40,24334,19652],{"class":216},[40,24336,3087],{"class":212},[40,24338,570],{"class":54},[40,24340,24341,24343,24345,24347,24349,24351,24353,24355,24357,24359,24361,24363,24365],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,24342,565],{"class":54},[40,24344,3087],{"class":212},[40,24346,7446],{"class":216},[40,24348,3087],{"class":212},[40,24350,62],{"class":54},[40,24352,3082],{"class":212},[40,24354,9069],{"class":216},[40,24356,3087],{"class":212},[40,24358,62],{"class":54},[40,24360,3082],{"class":212},[40,24362,19652],{"class":216},[40,24364,3087],{"class":212},[40,24366,73],{"class":54},[20,24368,24369],{},"This shows two things:",[134,24371,24372,24380],{},[137,24373,24374,21736,24377,24379],{},[15,24375,24376],{},"data.keys()",[15,24378,16780],{}," object",[137,24381,24382,24385],{},[15,24383,24384],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24387,8923,24388,289],{},[282,24389,24390],{"href":9160},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[129,24392,5210],{"id":5209},[20,24394,1943],{},[31,24396,24398],{"className":33,"code":24397,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24399,24400],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24401,24402,24404,24406,24408],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24403,11219],{"class":46},[40,24405,289],{"class":54},[40,24407,16689],{"class":91},[40,24409,8413],{"class":54},[20,24411,21561],{},[134,24413,24414,24417,24420],{},[137,24415,24416],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[137,24418,24419],{},"It takes no parameters",[137,24421,24422],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24424,850],{},[31,24426,24428],{"className":33,"code":24427,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24429,24430,24454],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24431,24432,24434,24436,24438,24440,24442,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24433,12633],{"class":46},[40,24435,51],{"class":50},[40,24437,10260],{"class":54},[40,24439,213],{"class":212},[40,24441,7446],{"class":216},[40,24443,213],{"class":212},[40,24445,2669],{"class":54},[40,24447,224],{"class":212},[40,24449,1517],{"class":216},[40,24451,213],{"class":212},[40,24453,9079],{"class":54},[40,24455,24456,24458,24460,24462,24464,24466],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,24457,101],{"class":84},[40,24459,88],{"class":54},[40,24461,13393],{"class":91},[40,24463,289],{"class":54},[40,24465,16689],{"class":91},[40,24467,847],{"class":54},[20,24469,24470],{},"Incorrect:",[31,24472,24474],{"className":33,"code":24473,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24475,24476,24500],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24477,24478,24480,24482,24484,24486,24488,24490,24492,24494,24496,24498],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24479,12633],{"class":46},[40,24481,51],{"class":50},[40,24483,10260],{"class":54},[40,24485,213],{"class":212},[40,24487,7446],{"class":216},[40,24489,213],{"class":212},[40,24491,2669],{"class":54},[40,24493,224],{"class":212},[40,24495,1517],{"class":216},[40,24497,213],{"class":212},[40,24499,9079],{"class":54},[40,24501,24502,24504,24506,24508,24510,24513],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,24503,101],{"class":84},[40,24505,88],{"class":54},[40,24507,13393],{"class":91},[40,24509,289],{"class":54},[40,24511,16689],{"class":24512},"skxfh",[40,24514,95],{"class":54},[20,24516,24517],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[129,24519,17184],{"id":17183},[20,24521,24522,21736,24524,24526],{},[15,24523,16830],{},[15,24525,16780],{}," object.",[20,24528,24529],{},"This object:",[134,24531,24532,24535,24538,24544],{},[137,24533,24534],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[137,24536,24537],{},"can be used in a loop",[137,24539,24540,24541],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24542,24543],{},"list()",[137,24545,24546],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24548,195],{},[31,24550,24552],{"className":33,"code":24551,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24553,24554,24595,24599,24614,24618,24628],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24555,24556,24559,24561,24563,24565,24568,24570,24572,24574,24577,24579,24581,24583,24586,24588,24590,24593],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24557,24558],{"class":46},"car ",[40,24560,51],{"class":50},[40,24562,10260],{"class":54},[40,24564,213],{"class":212},[40,24566,24567],{"class":216},"brand",[40,24569,213],{"class":212},[40,24571,2669],{"class":54},[40,24573,224],{"class":212},[40,24575,24576],{"class":216},"Toyota",[40,24578,213],{"class":212},[40,24580,62],{"class":54},[40,24582,224],{"class":212},[40,24584,24585],{"class":216},"year",[40,24587,213],{"class":212},[40,24589,2669],{"class":54},[40,24591,24592],{"class":58}," 2020",[40,24594,9079],{"class":54},[40,24596,24597],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,24598,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,24600,24601,24603,24605,24608,24610,24612],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,24602,2013],{"class":46},[40,24604,51],{"class":50},[40,24606,24607],{"class":46}," car",[40,24609,289],{"class":54},[40,24611,16689],{"class":91},[40,24613,8413],{"class":54},[40,24615,24616],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,24617,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,24619,24620,24622,24624,24626],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,24621,101],{"class":84},[40,24623,88],{"class":54},[40,24625,2048],{"class":91},[40,24627,95],{"class":54},[40,24629,24630,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,24631,101],{"class":84},[40,24633,88],{"class":54},[40,24635,1297],{"class":609},[40,24637,88],{"class":54},[40,24639,2048],{"class":91},[40,24641,256],{"class":54},[20,24643,24644],{},[183,24645,111],{},[31,24647,24649],{"className":33,"code":24648,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24650,24651,24673],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24652,24653,24655,24657,24659,24661,24663,24665,24667,24669,24671],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24654,16780],{"class":91},[40,24656,2771],{"class":54},[40,24658,3087],{"class":212},[40,24660,24567],{"class":216},[40,24662,3087],{"class":212},[40,24664,62],{"class":54},[40,24666,3082],{"class":212},[40,24668,24585],{"class":216},[40,24670,3087],{"class":212},[40,24672,570],{"class":54},[40,24674,24675,24677,24679,24681,24683,24685],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,24676,3076],{"class":50},[40,24678,3079],{"class":1848},[40,24680,3082],{"class":212},[40,24682,16780],{"class":216},[40,24684,3087],{"class":212},[40,24686,3090],{"class":50},[20,24688,24689,24690,24694,24695,289],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[282,24691,10506,24692,10510],{"href":16833},[15,24693,16836],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[282,24696,10506,24697,10510],{"href":16840},[15,24698,16843],{},[129,24700,24702],{"id":24701},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24704,24705],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[31,24707,24709],{"className":33,"code":24708,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24710,24711,24764,24768,24784],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24712,24713,24715,24717,24719,24721,24723,24725,24727,24729,24731,24733,24735,24737,24739,24741,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757,24760,24762],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24714,12633],{"class":46},[40,24716,51],{"class":50},[40,24718,10260],{"class":54},[40,24720,213],{"class":212},[40,24722,7446],{"class":216},[40,24724,213],{"class":212},[40,24726,2669],{"class":54},[40,24728,224],{"class":212},[40,24730,1517],{"class":216},[40,24732,213],{"class":212},[40,24734,62],{"class":54},[40,24736,224],{"class":212},[40,24738,9069],{"class":216},[40,24740,213],{"class":212},[40,24742,2669],{"class":54},[40,24744,65],{"class":58},[40,24746,62],{"class":54},[40,24748,224],{"class":212},[40,24750,15095],{"class":216},[40,24752,213],{"class":212},[40,24754,2669],{"class":54},[40,24756,224],{"class":212},[40,24758,24759],{"class":216},"Math",[40,24761,213],{"class":212},[40,24763,9079],{"class":54},[40,24765,24766],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,24767,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,24769,24770,24772,24774,24776,24778,24780,24782],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,24771,1548],{"class":535},[40,24773,17971],{"class":46},[40,24775,1554],{"class":535},[40,24777,12675],{"class":46},[40,24779,289],{"class":54},[40,24781,16689],{"class":91},[40,24783,21356],{"class":54},[40,24785,24786,24788,24790,24792],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,24787,558],{"class":84},[40,24789,88],{"class":54},[40,24791,14609],{"class":91},[40,24793,95],{"class":54},[20,24795,24796],{},[183,24797,111],{},[31,24799,24801],{"className":33,"code":24800,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24802,24803,24808,24813],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24804,24805],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24806,24807],{"class":46},"name\n",[40,24809,24810],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,24811,24812],{"class":46},"age\n",[40,24814,24815],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,24816,24817],{"class":46},"course\n",[20,24819,24820],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[31,24822,24824],{"className":33,"code":24823,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24825,24826,24838],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24827,24828,24830,24832,24834,24836],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24829,1548],{"class":535},[40,24831,17971],{"class":46},[40,24833,1554],{"class":535},[40,24835,12675],{"class":46},[40,24837,553],{"class":54},[40,24839,24840,24842,24844,24846],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,24841,558],{"class":84},[40,24843,88],{"class":54},[40,24845,14609],{"class":91},[40,24847,95],{"class":54},[20,24849,24850,24851,24854],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24852,24853],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[129,24856,1345,24858],{"id":24857},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24859,16830],{},[20,24861,123,24862,10371],{},[15,24863,16830],{},[134,24865,24866,24869,24872],{},[137,24867,24868],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[137,24870,24871],{},"you want to display available fields",[137,24873,24874],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24876,195],{},[31,24878,24880],{"className":33,"code":24879,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24881,24882,24935,24939,24954,24971],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24883,24884,24887,24889,24891,24893,24895,24897,24899,24901,24904,24906,24908,24910,24913,24915,24917,24920,24922,24924,24927,24929,24931,24933],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24885,24886],{"class":46},"product ",[40,24888,51],{"class":50},[40,24890,10260],{"class":54},[40,24892,213],{"class":212},[40,24894,7446],{"class":216},[40,24896,213],{"class":212},[40,24898,2669],{"class":54},[40,24900,224],{"class":212},[40,24902,24903],{"class":216},"Book",[40,24905,213],{"class":212},[40,24907,62],{"class":54},[40,24909,224],{"class":212},[40,24911,24912],{"class":216},"price",[40,24914,213],{"class":212},[40,24916,2669],{"class":54},[40,24918,24919],{"class":58}," 12.99",[40,24921,62],{"class":54},[40,24923,224],{"class":212},[40,24925,24926],{"class":216},"stock",[40,24928,213],{"class":212},[40,24930,2669],{"class":54},[40,24932,4387],{"class":58},[40,24934,9079],{"class":54},[40,24936,24937],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,24938,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,24940,24941,24943,24945,24947,24950,24952],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,24942,101],{"class":84},[40,24944,88],{"class":54},[40,24946,213],{"class":212},[40,24948,24949],{"class":216},"Available fields:",[40,24951,213],{"class":212},[40,24953,95],{"class":54},[40,24955,24956,24958,24960,24962,24965,24967,24969],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,24957,1548],{"class":535},[40,24959,17971],{"class":46},[40,24961,1554],{"class":535},[40,24963,24964],{"class":46}," product",[40,24966,289],{"class":54},[40,24968,16689],{"class":91},[40,24970,21356],{"class":54},[40,24972,24973,24975,24977,24979],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,24974,558],{"class":84},[40,24976,88],{"class":54},[40,24978,14609],{"class":91},[40,24980,95],{"class":54},[20,24982,24983],{},[183,24984,111],{},[31,24986,24988],{"className":33,"code":24987,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24989,24990,24997,25001,25006],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,24991,24992,24995],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,24993,24994],{"class":46},"Available fields",[40,24996,553],{"class":54},[40,24998,24999],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,25000,24807],{"class":46},[40,25002,25003],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,25004,25005],{"class":46},"price\n",[40,25007,25008],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,25009,25010],{"class":46},"stock\n",[20,25012,25013],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[31,25015,25017],{"className":33,"code":25016,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25018,25019,25055,25059],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25020,25021,25023,25025,25027,25029,25031,25033,25035,25037,25039,25041,25043,25045,25047,25049,25051,25053],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25022,24886],{"class":46},[40,25024,51],{"class":50},[40,25026,10260],{"class":54},[40,25028,213],{"class":212},[40,25030,7446],{"class":216},[40,25032,213],{"class":212},[40,25034,2669],{"class":54},[40,25036,224],{"class":212},[40,25038,24903],{"class":216},[40,25040,213],{"class":212},[40,25042,62],{"class":54},[40,25044,224],{"class":212},[40,25046,24912],{"class":216},[40,25048,213],{"class":212},[40,25050,2669],{"class":54},[40,25052,24919],{"class":58},[40,25054,9079],{"class":54},[40,25056,25057],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,25058,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,25060,25061,25063,25065,25067,25069,25071,25073,25075,25077,25079],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,25062,101],{"class":84},[40,25064,88],{"class":54},[40,25066,213],{"class":212},[40,25068,7446],{"class":216},[40,25070,213],{"class":212},[40,25072,20934],{"class":535},[40,25074,24964],{"class":91},[40,25076,289],{"class":54},[40,25078,16689],{"class":91},[40,25080,847],{"class":54},[20,25082,25083,25084,289],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25085,3391],{},[20,25087,25088],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[31,25090,25092],{"className":33,"code":25091,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25093,25094],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25095,25096,25098,25100,25102,25104,25106,25108,25110],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25097,101],{"class":84},[40,25099,88],{"class":54},[40,25101,213],{"class":212},[40,25103,7446],{"class":216},[40,25105,213],{"class":212},[40,25107,20934],{"class":535},[40,25109,24964],{"class":91},[40,25111,95],{"class":54},[20,25113,25114,25115,289],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[282,25116,20967],{"href":16918},[129,25118,25120],{"id":25119},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25122,25123,25124,289],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25125,16830],{},[792,25127,8223,25129,25131],{"id":25128},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25130,16830],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25133,25134,25136],{},[15,25135,16830],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25138,195],{},[31,25140,25142],{"className":33,"code":25141,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25143,25144,25180],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25145,25146,25148,25150,25152,25154,25156,25158,25160,25162,25164,25166,25168,25170,25172,25174,25176,25178],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25147,650],{"class":46},[40,25149,51],{"class":50},[40,25151,10260],{"class":54},[40,25153,213],{"class":212},[40,25155,7446],{"class":216},[40,25157,213],{"class":212},[40,25159,2669],{"class":54},[40,25161,224],{"class":212},[40,25163,1517],{"class":216},[40,25165,213],{"class":212},[40,25167,62],{"class":54},[40,25169,224],{"class":212},[40,25171,9069],{"class":216},[40,25173,213],{"class":212},[40,25175,2669],{"class":54},[40,25177,65],{"class":58},[40,25179,9079],{"class":54},[40,25181,25182,25184,25186,25188,25190,25192],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,25183,101],{"class":84},[40,25185,88],{"class":54},[40,25187,703],{"class":91},[40,25189,289],{"class":54},[40,25191,16689],{"class":91},[40,25193,847],{"class":54},[20,25195,25196],{},[183,25197,111],{},[31,25199,25201],{"className":33,"code":25200,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25202,25203],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25204,25205,25207,25209,25211,25213,25215,25217,25219,25221,25223],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25206,16780],{"class":91},[40,25208,2771],{"class":54},[40,25210,3087],{"class":212},[40,25212,7446],{"class":216},[40,25214,3087],{"class":212},[40,25216,62],{"class":54},[40,25218,3082],{"class":212},[40,25220,9069],{"class":216},[40,25222,3087],{"class":212},[40,25224,570],{"class":54},[20,25226,25227,25228,289],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[282,25229,25230],{"href":16840},[15,25231,16843],{},[792,25233,25235,25236],{"id":25234},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25237,16780],{},[20,25239,25240],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[31,25242,25244],{"className":33,"code":25243,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25245,25246],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25247,25248,25250,25252,25254,25256,25258,25260,25262,25264],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25249,565],{"class":54},[40,25251,3087],{"class":212},[40,25253,7446],{"class":216},[40,25255,3087],{"class":212},[40,25257,62],{"class":54},[40,25259,3082],{"class":212},[40,25261,9069],{"class":216},[40,25263,3087],{"class":212},[40,25265,73],{"class":54},[20,25267,25268,25269,25271],{},"But ",[15,25270,16830],{}," returns:",[31,25273,25274],{"className":33,"code":25200,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,25275,25276],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25277,25278,25280,25282,25284,25286,25288,25290,25292,25294,25296],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25279,16780],{"class":91},[40,25281,2771],{"class":54},[40,25283,3087],{"class":212},[40,25285,7446],{"class":216},[40,25287,3087],{"class":212},[40,25289,62],{"class":54},[40,25291,3082],{"class":212},[40,25293,9069],{"class":216},[40,25295,3087],{"class":212},[40,25297,570],{"class":54},[20,25299,25300],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[31,25302,25304],{"className":33,"code":25303,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25305,25306,25342,25361,25365],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25307,25308,25310,25312,25314,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326,25328,25330,25332,25334,25336,25338,25340],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25309,650],{"class":46},[40,25311,51],{"class":50},[40,25313,10260],{"class":54},[40,25315,213],{"class":212},[40,25317,7446],{"class":216},[40,25319,213],{"class":212},[40,25321,2669],{"class":54},[40,25323,224],{"class":212},[40,25325,1517],{"class":216},[40,25327,213],{"class":212},[40,25329,62],{"class":54},[40,25331,224],{"class":212},[40,25333,9069],{"class":216},[40,25335,213],{"class":212},[40,25337,2669],{"class":54},[40,25339,65],{"class":58},[40,25341,9079],{"class":54},[40,25343,25344,25347,25349,25351,25353,25355,25357,25359],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,25345,25346],{"class":46},"key_list ",[40,25348,51],{"class":50},[40,25350,22321],{"class":609},[40,25352,88],{"class":54},[40,25354,703],{"class":91},[40,25356,289],{"class":54},[40,25358,16689],{"class":91},[40,25360,847],{"class":54},[40,25362,25363],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,25364,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,25366,25367,25369,25371,25374],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,25368,101],{"class":84},[40,25370,88],{"class":54},[40,25372,25373],{"class":91},"key_list",[40,25375,95],{"class":54},[792,25377,25379,25380,25382],{"id":25378},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25381,16830],{}," on a list or string",[20,25384,25385,25387],{},[15,25386,16830],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25389,2620],{},[31,25391,25393],{"className":33,"code":25392,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25394,25395,25415],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25396,25397,25399,25401,25403,25405,25407,25409,25411,25413],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25398,47],{"class":46},[40,25400,51],{"class":50},[40,25402,55],{"class":54},[40,25404,658],{"class":58},[40,25406,62],{"class":54},[40,25408,663],{"class":58},[40,25410,62],{"class":54},[40,25412,749],{"class":58},[40,25414,73],{"class":54},[40,25416,25417,25419,25421,25423,25425,25427],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,25418,101],{"class":84},[40,25420,88],{"class":54},[40,25422,92],{"class":91},[40,25424,289],{"class":54},[40,25426,16689],{"class":91},[40,25428,847],{"class":54},[20,25430,25431,25432,25435,25436,25438,25439,289],{},"You may get an ",[15,25433,25434],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25437,16830],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[282,25440,25442,25443,25446],{"href":25441},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25444,25445],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[792,25448,898],{"id":897},[20,25450,25451],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[31,25453,25455],{"className":33,"code":25454,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25456,25457,25481],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25458,25459,25461,25463,25465,25467,25469,25471,25473,25475,25477,25479],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25460,650],{"class":46},[40,25462,51],{"class":50},[40,25464,10260],{"class":54},[40,25466,213],{"class":212},[40,25468,7446],{"class":216},[40,25470,213],{"class":212},[40,25472,2669],{"class":54},[40,25474,224],{"class":212},[40,25476,1517],{"class":216},[40,25478,213],{"class":212},[40,25480,9079],{"class":54},[40,25482,25483,25485,25487,25489,25491,25493],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,25484,101],{"class":84},[40,25486,88],{"class":54},[40,25488,703],{"class":91},[40,25490,289],{"class":54},[40,25492,16689],{"class":24512},[40,25494,95],{"class":54},[20,25496,25497],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25499,18457],{},[31,25501,25503],{"className":33,"code":25502,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25504,25505],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25506,25507,25509,25511,25513,25515,25517],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25508,101],{"class":84},[40,25510,88],{"class":54},[40,25512,703],{"class":91},[40,25514,289],{"class":54},[40,25516,16689],{"class":91},[40,25518,847],{"class":54},[129,25520,2613],{"id":2612},[20,25522,25523,25524,2669],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25525,16830],{},[134,25527,25528,25533,25539,25545],{},[137,25529,795,25530,25532],{},[15,25531,16830],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[137,25534,25535,25536,25538],{},"Thinking ",[15,25537,16830],{}," returns values too",[137,25540,25541,25542,25544],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25543,16780],{}," like a normal list",[137,25546,25547,25548,25550],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25549,16780],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25552,25553],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[31,25555,25557],{"className":33,"code":25556,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25558,25559,25591,25605,25609,25619],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25560,25561,25563,25565,25567,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583,25585,25587,25589],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25562,650],{"class":46},[40,25564,51],{"class":50},[40,25566,10260],{"class":54},[40,25568,213],{"class":212},[40,25570,282],{"class":216},[40,25572,213],{"class":212},[40,25574,2669],{"class":54},[40,25576,1226],{"class":58},[40,25578,62],{"class":54},[40,25580,224],{"class":212},[40,25582,1017],{"class":216},[40,25584,213],{"class":212},[40,25586,2669],{"class":54},[40,25588,663],{"class":58},[40,25590,9079],{"class":54},[40,25592,25593,25595,25597,25599,25601,25603],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,25594,17007],{"class":46},[40,25596,51],{"class":50},[40,25598,14334],{"class":46},[40,25600,289],{"class":54},[40,25602,16689],{"class":91},[40,25604,8413],{"class":54},[40,25606,25607],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,25608,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,25610,25611,25613,25615,25617],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,25612,101],{"class":84},[40,25614,88],{"class":54},[40,25616,16689],{"class":91},[40,25618,95],{"class":54},[40,25620,25621],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,25622,25623],{"class":3449},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25625,25626],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[31,25628,25630],{"className":33,"code":25629,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25631,25632,25664,25682,25686],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25633,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642,25644,25646,25648,25650,25652,25654,25656,25658,25660,25662],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25635,650],{"class":46},[40,25637,51],{"class":50},[40,25639,10260],{"class":54},[40,25641,213],{"class":212},[40,25643,282],{"class":216},[40,25645,213],{"class":212},[40,25647,2669],{"class":54},[40,25649,1226],{"class":58},[40,25651,62],{"class":54},[40,25653,224],{"class":212},[40,25655,1017],{"class":216},[40,25657,213],{"class":212},[40,25659,2669],{"class":54},[40,25661,663],{"class":58},[40,25663,9079],{"class":54},[40,25665,25666,25668,25670,25672,25674,25676,25678,25680],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,25667,17007],{"class":46},[40,25669,51],{"class":50},[40,25671,22321],{"class":609},[40,25673,88],{"class":54},[40,25675,703],{"class":91},[40,25677,289],{"class":54},[40,25679,16689],{"class":91},[40,25681,847],{"class":54},[40,25683,25684],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,25685,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,25687,25688,25690,25692,25694,25696,25698],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,25689,101],{"class":84},[40,25691,88],{"class":54},[40,25693,16689],{"class":91},[40,25695,565],{"class":54},[40,25697,192],{"class":58},[40,25699,570],{"class":54},[129,25701,25703],{"id":25702},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25705,10882],{},[31,25707,25709],{"className":33,"code":25708,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25710,25711,25725,25735,25749],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25712,25713,25715,25717,25719,25721,25723],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25714,101],{"class":84},[40,25716,88],{"class":54},[40,25718,1297],{"class":609},[40,25720,88],{"class":54},[40,25722,11219],{"class":91},[40,25724,256],{"class":54},[40,25726,25727,25729,25731,25733],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,25728,101],{"class":84},[40,25730,88],{"class":54},[40,25732,11219],{"class":91},[40,25734,95],{"class":54},[40,25736,25737,25739,25741,25743,25745,25747],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,25738,101],{"class":84},[40,25740,88],{"class":54},[40,25742,11219],{"class":91},[40,25744,289],{"class":54},[40,25746,16689],{"class":91},[40,25748,847],{"class":54},[40,25750,25751,25753,25755,25757,25759,25761,25763,25765],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,25752,101],{"class":84},[40,25754,88],{"class":54},[40,25756,610],{"class":609},[40,25758,88],{"class":54},[40,25760,11219],{"class":91},[40,25762,289],{"class":54},[40,25764,16689],{"class":91},[40,25766,6067],{"class":54},[20,25768,25769],{},"These help you confirm:",[134,25771,25772,25775,25778,25783],{},[137,25773,25774],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[137,25776,25777],{},"what data it contains",[137,25779,25780,25781,148],{},"what ",[15,25782,16830],{},[137,25784,25785],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[129,25787,1636],{"id":1635},[792,25789,23680,25791,4923],{"id":25790},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25792,16830],{},[20,25794,17187,25795,25797],{},[15,25796,16780],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[792,25799,14671,25801,25804],{"id":25800},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25802,25803],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25806,25807,25808,25810,25811,289],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25809,16780],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25812,25813],{},"list(dict.keys())",[792,25815,25817,25818,2275],{"id":25816},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25819,25803],{},[20,25821,25822,25823,25825],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25824,1548],{}," loop.",[792,25827,25829,25830,25832],{"id":25828},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25831,16830],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25834,25835,25836,25838],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25837,16830],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[792,25840,25842],{"id":25841},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25844,123,25845,289],{},[15,25846,25847],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[129,25849,1687],{"id":1686},[134,25851,25852,25857,25863,25869,25875,25879],{},[137,25853,25854],{},[282,25855,25856],{"href":9160},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[137,25858,25859],{},[282,25860,10506,25861,10510],{"href":16833},[15,25862,16836],{},[137,25864,25865],{},[282,25866,10506,25867,10510],{"href":16840},[15,25868,16843],{},[137,25870,25871],{},[282,25872,25874],{"href":25873},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[137,25876,25877],{},[282,25878,16919],{"href":16918},[137,25880,25881],{},[282,25882,25883,25884,25446],{"href":25441},"How to fix ",[15,25885,25445],{},[1715,25887,25888],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":25890},[25891,25892,25894,25895,25896,25897,25898,25900,25909,25910,25911,25922],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":24011,"depth":76,"text":25893},"What keys() does",{"id":292,"depth":76,"text":293},{"id":5209,"depth":76,"text":5210},{"id":17183,"depth":76,"text":17184},{"id":24701,"depth":76,"text":24702},{"id":24857,"depth":76,"text":25899},"When to use keys()",{"id":25119,"depth":76,"text":25120,"children":25901},[25902,25904,25906,25908],{"id":25128,"depth":98,"text":25903},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25234,"depth":98,"text":25905},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25378,"depth":98,"text":25907},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":897,"depth":98,"text":898},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":25702,"depth":76,"text":25703},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":25912},[25913,25915,25917,25919,25921],{"id":25790,"depth":98,"text":25914},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25800,"depth":98,"text":25916},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25816,"depth":98,"text":25918},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25828,"depth":98,"text":25920},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25841,"depth":98,"text":25842},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23833,"description":25923},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25929,"title":25930,"body":25931,"description":28202,"extension":1746,"meta":28203,"navigation":360,"path":28204,"seo":28205,"stem":28206,"__hash__":28207},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25932,"toc":28155},[25933,25938,25943,25946,25948,26094,26107,26112,26116,26130,26132,26235,26244,26246,26249,26287,26312,26314,26421,26423,26430,26433,26441,26443,26584,26592,26597,26601,26612,26614,26776,26779,26787,26794,26800,26897,26903,26980,26983,26995,27000,27006,27009,27013,27102,27105,27109,27212,27219,27306,27315,27317,27322,27328,27331,27377,27380,27446,27455,27461,27554,27560,27566,27609,27612,27677,27683,27775,27778,27782,27788,27813,27816,27912,27919,27921,27926,28017,28019,28047,28052,28054,28061,28064,28068,28078,28083,28086,28092,28102,28109,28117,28119,28152],[10,25934,11087,25936,11091],{"id":25935},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25937,12532],{},[20,25939,25940,25942],{},[15,25941,12339],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25944,25945],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[129,25947,3396],{"id":3395},[31,25949,25951],{"className":33,"code":25950,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25952,25953,25989,26013,26027,26040,26044,26049,26081],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,25954,25955,25957,25959,25961,25963,25965,25967,25969,25971,25973,25975,25977,25979,25981,25983,25985,25987],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,25956,12971],{"class":46},[40,25958,51],{"class":50},[40,25960,10260],{"class":54},[40,25962,213],{"class":212},[40,25964,7446],{"class":216},[40,25966,213],{"class":212},[40,25968,2669],{"class":54},[40,25970,224],{"class":212},[40,25972,1517],{"class":216},[40,25974,213],{"class":212},[40,25976,62],{"class":54},[40,25978,224],{"class":212},[40,25980,9069],{"class":216},[40,25982,213],{"class":212},[40,25984,2669],{"class":54},[40,25986,9076],{"class":58},[40,25988,9079],{"class":54},[40,25990,25991,25994,25996,25998,26000,26003,26005,26007,26009,26011],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,25992,25993],{"class":46},"removed_age ",[40,25995,51],{"class":50},[40,25997,13014],{"class":46},[40,25999,289],{"class":54},[40,26001,26002],{"class":91},"pop",[40,26004,88],{"class":54},[40,26006,213],{"class":212},[40,26008,9069],{"class":216},[40,26010,213],{"class":212},[40,26012,95],{"class":54},[40,26014,26015,26017,26019,26022,26024],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,26016,101],{"class":84},[40,26018,88],{"class":54},[40,26020,26021],{"class":91},"removed_age",[40,26023,18],{"class":54},[40,26025,26026],{"class":3449},"   # 25\n",[40,26028,26029,26031,26033,26035,26037],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,26030,101],{"class":84},[40,26032,88],{"class":54},[40,26034,17072],{"class":91},[40,26036,18],{"class":54},[40,26038,26039],{"class":3449},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[40,26041,26042],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,26043,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,26045,26046],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,26047,26048],{"class":3449},"# Safe version with default value\n",[40,26050,26051,26054,26056,26058,26060,26062,26064,26066,26068,26070,26072,26074,26077,26079],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,26052,26053],{"class":46},"country ",[40,26055,51],{"class":50},[40,26057,13014],{"class":46},[40,26059,289],{"class":54},[40,26061,26002],{"class":91},[40,26063,88],{"class":54},[40,26065,213],{"class":212},[40,26067,15028],{"class":216},[40,26069,213],{"class":212},[40,26071,62],{"class":54},[40,26073,224],{"class":212},[40,26075,26076],{"class":216},"Not found",[40,26078,213],{"class":212},[40,26080,95],{"class":54},[40,26082,26083,26085,26087,26089,26091],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,26084,101],{"class":84},[40,26086,88],{"class":54},[40,26088,15028],{"class":91},[40,26090,18],{"class":54},[40,26092,26093],{"class":3449},"       # Not found\n",[20,26095,123,26096,26099,26100,26103,26104,26106],{},[15,26097,26098],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26101,26102],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26105,19448],{}," when the key might not exist.",[129,26108,158,26110,3466],{"id":26109},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26111,12339],{},[20,26113,26114,2669],{},[15,26115,12339],{},[134,26117,26118,26121,26124,26127],{},[137,26119,26120],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[137,26122,26123],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[137,26125,26126],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[137,26128,26129],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26131,195],{},[31,26133,26135],{"className":33,"code":26134,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26136,26137,26177,26181,26204,26208,26222],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,26138,26139,26141,26143,26145,26147,26149,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159,26161,26163,26165,26167,26169,26171,26173,26175],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,26140,11258],{"class":46},[40,26142,51],{"class":50},[40,26144,10260],{"class":54},[40,26146,213],{"class":212},[40,26148,7446],{"class":216},[40,26150,213],{"class":212},[40,26152,2669],{"class":54},[40,26154,224],{"class":212},[40,26156,12988],{"class":216},[40,26158,213],{"class":212},[40,26160,62],{"class":54},[40,26162,224],{"class":212},[40,26164,10178],{"class":216},[40,26166,213],{"class":212},[40,26168,2669],{"class":54},[40,26170,224],{"class":212},[40,26172,10185],{"class":216},[40,26174,213],{"class":212},[40,26176,9079],{"class":54},[40,26178,26179],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,26180,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,26182,26183,26186,26188,26190,26192,26194,26196,26198,26200,26202],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,26184,26185],{"class":46},"removed_city ",[40,26187,51],{"class":50},[40,26189,11341],{"class":46},[40,26191,289],{"class":54},[40,26193,26002],{"class":91},[40,26195,88],{"class":54},[40,26197,213],{"class":212},[40,26199,10178],{"class":216},[40,26201,213],{"class":212},[40,26203,95],{"class":54},[40,26205,26206],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,26207,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,26209,26210,26212,26214,26217,26219],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,26211,101],{"class":84},[40,26213,88],{"class":54},[40,26215,26216],{"class":91},"removed_city",[40,26218,18],{"class":54},[40,26220,26221],{"class":3449},"  # Paris\n",[40,26223,26224,26226,26228,26230,26232],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,26225,101],{"class":84},[40,26227,88],{"class":54},[40,26229,11352],{"class":91},[40,26231,18],{"class":54},[40,26233,26234],{"class":3449},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26236,20532,26237,26240,26241,289],{},[15,26238,26239],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26242,26243],{},"\"Paris\"",[129,26245,1940],{"id":1939},[20,26247,26248],{},"There are two common forms:",[31,26250,26252],{"className":33,"code":26251,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26253,26254,26268],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,26255,26256,26258,26260,26262,26264,26266],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,26257,11219],{"class":46},[40,26259,289],{"class":54},[40,26261,26002],{"class":91},[40,26263,88],{"class":54},[40,26265,14609],{"class":91},[40,26267,95],{"class":54},[40,26269,26270,26272,26274,26276,26278,26280,26282,26285],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,26271,11219],{"class":46},[40,26273,289],{"class":54},[40,26275,26002],{"class":91},[40,26277,88],{"class":54},[40,26279,14609],{"class":91},[40,26281,62],{"class":54},[40,26283,26284],{"class":91}," default",[40,26286,95],{"class":54},[134,26288,26289,26295,26303,26309],{},[137,26290,26291,26294],{},[15,26292,26293],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[137,26296,26297,26299,26300,26302],{},[15,26298,26293],{}," raises ",[15,26301,19448],{}," if the key is missing",[137,26304,26305,26308],{},[15,26306,26307],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[137,26310,26311],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26313,195],{},[31,26315,26317],{"className":33,"code":26316,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26318,26319,26351,26355,26380,26408],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,26320,26321,26323,26325,26327,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347,26349],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,26322,4842],{"class":46},[40,26324,51],{"class":50},[40,26326,10260],{"class":54},[40,26328,213],{"class":212},[40,26330,18179],{"class":216},[40,26332,213],{"class":212},[40,26334,2669],{"class":54},[40,26336,19659],{"class":58},[40,26338,62],{"class":54},[40,26340,224],{"class":212},[40,26342,18188],{"class":216},[40,26344,213],{"class":212},[40,26346,2669],{"class":54},[40,26348,13274],{"class":58},[40,26350,9079],{"class":54},[40,26352,26353],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,26354,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,26356,26357,26359,26361,26363,26365,26367,26369,26371,26373,26375,26377],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,26358,101],{"class":84},[40,26360,88],{"class":54},[40,26362,16156],{"class":91},[40,26364,289],{"class":54},[40,26366,26002],{"class":91},[40,26368,88],{"class":54},[40,26370,213],{"class":212},[40,26372,18179],{"class":216},[40,26374,213],{"class":212},[40,26376,5140],{"class":54},[40,26378,26379],{"class":3449},"         # 90\n",[40,26381,26382,26384,26386,26388,26390,26392,26394,26396,26398,26400,26402,26404,26406],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,26383,101],{"class":84},[40,26385,88],{"class":54},[40,26387,16156],{"class":91},[40,26389,289],{"class":54},[40,26391,26002],{"class":91},[40,26393,88],{"class":54},[40,26395,213],{"class":212},[40,26397,18197],{"class":216},[40,26399,213],{"class":212},[40,26401,62],{"class":54},[40,26403,550],{"class":58},[40,26405,5140],{"class":54},[40,26407,20529],{"class":3449},[40,26409,26410,26412,26414,26416,26418],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,26411,101],{"class":84},[40,26413,88],{"class":54},[40,26415,16156],{"class":91},[40,26417,18],{"class":54},[40,26419,26420],{"class":3449},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[129,26422,17184],{"id":17183},[20,26424,26425,13821,26427,26429],{},[15,26426,12532],{},[183,26428,185],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26431,26432],{},"Instead, it returns:",[134,26434,26435,26438],{},[137,26436,26437],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[137,26439,26440],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26442,195],{},[31,26444,26446],{"className":33,"code":26445,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26447,26448,26480,26484,26507,26539,26543,26557,26571],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,26449,26450,26452,26454,26456,26458,26460,26462,26464,26466,26468,26470,26472,26474,26476,26478],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,26451,650],{"class":46},[40,26453,51],{"class":50},[40,26455,10260],{"class":54},[40,26457,213],{"class":212},[40,26459,282],{"class":216},[40,26461,213],{"class":212},[40,26463,2669],{"class":54},[40,26465,5781],{"class":58},[40,26467,62],{"class":54},[40,26469,224],{"class":212},[40,26471,1017],{"class":216},[40,26473,213],{"class":212},[40,26475,2669],{"class":54},[40,26477,65],{"class":58},[40,26479,9079],{"class":54},[40,26481,26482],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,26483,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,26485,26486,26489,26491,26493,26495,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,26487,26488],{"class":46},"result1 ",[40,26490,51],{"class":50},[40,26492,14334],{"class":46},[40,26494,289],{"class":54},[40,26496,26002],{"class":91},[40,26498,88],{"class":54},[40,26500,213],{"class":212},[40,26502,282],{"class":216},[40,26504,213],{"class":212},[40,26506,95],{"class":54},[40,26508,26509,26512,26514,26516,26518,26520,26522,26524,26526,26528,26530,26532,26535,26537],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,26510,26511],{"class":46},"result2 ",[40,26513,51],{"class":50},[40,26515,14334],{"class":46},[40,26517,289],{"class":54},[40,26519,26002],{"class":91},[40,26521,88],{"class":54},[40,26523,213],{"class":212},[40,26525,1026],{"class":216},[40,26527,213],{"class":212},[40,26529,62],{"class":54},[40,26531,224],{"class":212},[40,26533,26534],{"class":216},"missing",[40,26536,213],{"class":212},[40,26538,95],{"class":54},[40,26540,26541],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,26542,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,26544,26545,26547,26549,26552,26554],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,26546,101],{"class":84},[40,26548,88],{"class":54},[40,26550,26551],{"class":91},"result1",[40,26553,18],{"class":54},[40,26555,26556],{"class":3449},"  # 10\n",[40,26558,26559,26561,26563,26566,26568],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,26560,101],{"class":84},[40,26562,88],{"class":54},[40,26564,26565],{"class":91},"result2",[40,26567,18],{"class":54},[40,26569,26570],{"class":3449},"  # missing\n",[40,26572,26573,26575,26577,26579,26581],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,26574,101],{"class":84},[40,26576,88],{"class":54},[40,26578,703],{"class":91},[40,26580,18],{"class":54},[40,26582,26583],{"class":3449},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26585,26586,26587,6409],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[282,26588,26589],{"href":10505},[15,26590,26591],{},"dict.get()",[129,26593,1345,26595],{"id":26594},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26596,12532],{},[20,26598,123,26599,10371],{},[15,26600,12532],{},[134,26602,26603,26606,26609],{},[137,26604,26605],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[137,26607,26608],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[137,26610,26611],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26613,195],{},[31,26615,26617],{"className":33,"code":26616,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26618,26619,26671,26675,26702,26706,26730,26734,26748,26762],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,26620,26621,26623,26625,26627,26629,26631,26633,26635,26637,26640,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650,26652,26655,26657,26659,26662,26664,26666,26669],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,26622,24886],{"class":46},[40,26624,51],{"class":50},[40,26626,10260],{"class":54},[40,26628,213],{"class":212},[40,26630,7446],{"class":216},[40,26632,213],{"class":212},[40,26634,2669],{"class":54},[40,26636,224],{"class":212},[40,26638,26639],{"class":216},"Laptop",[40,26641,213],{"class":212},[40,26643,62],{"class":54},[40,26645,224],{"class":212},[40,26647,24912],{"class":216},[40,26649,213],{"class":212},[40,26651,2669],{"class":54},[40,26653,26654],{"class":58}," 1200",[40,26656,62],{"class":54},[40,26658,224],{"class":212},[40,26660,26661],{"class":216},"discount",[40,26663,213],{"class":212},[40,26665,2669],{"class":54},[40,26667,26668],{"class":58}," 200",[40,26670,9079],{"class":54},[40,26672,26673],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,26674,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,26676,26677,26680,26682,26684,26686,26688,26690,26692,26694,26696,26698,26700],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,26678,26679],{"class":46},"discount_amount ",[40,26681,51],{"class":50},[40,26683,24964],{"class":46},[40,26685,289],{"class":54},[40,26687,26002],{"class":91},[40,26689,88],{"class":54},[40,26691,213],{"class":212},[40,26693,26661],{"class":216},[40,26695,213],{"class":212},[40,26697,62],{"class":54},[40,26699,550],{"class":58},[40,26701,95],{"class":54},[40,26703,26704],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,26705,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,26707,26708,26711,26713,26715,26717,26719,26721,26723,26725,26727],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,26709,26710],{"class":46},"final_price ",[40,26712,51],{"class":50},[40,26714,24964],{"class":46},[40,26716,565],{"class":54},[40,26718,213],{"class":212},[40,26720,24912],{"class":216},[40,26722,213],{"class":212},[40,26724,13040],{"class":54},[40,26726,1223],{"class":50},[40,26728,26729],{"class":46}," discount_amount\n",[40,26731,26732],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,26733,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,26735,26736,26738,26740,26743,26745],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,26737,101],{"class":84},[40,26739,88],{"class":54},[40,26741,26742],{"class":91},"discount_amount",[40,26744,18],{"class":54},[40,26746,26747],{"class":3449},"  # 200\n",[40,26749,26750,26752,26754,26757,26759],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,26751,101],{"class":84},[40,26753,88],{"class":54},[40,26755,26756],{"class":91},"final_price",[40,26758,18],{"class":54},[40,26760,26761],{"class":3449},"      # 1000\n",[40,26763,26764,26766,26768,26771,26773],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,26765,101],{"class":84},[40,26767,88],{"class":54},[40,26769,26770],{"class":91},"product",[40,26772,18],{"class":54},[40,26774,26775],{"class":3449},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26777,26778],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[129,26780,26782,10355,26784],{"id":26781},"pop-vs-del",[15,26783,12532],{},[15,26785,26786],{},"del",[20,26788,10360,26789,4176,26791,26793],{},[15,26790,12532],{},[15,26792,26786],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[792,26795,123,26797,26799],{"id":26796},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26798,12532],{}," when you need the removed value",[31,26801,26803],{"className":33,"code":26802,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26804,26805,26841,26845,26867,26871,26884],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,26806,26807,26809,26811,26813,26815,26817,26819,26821,26823,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837,26839],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,26808,12971],{"class":46},[40,26810,51],{"class":50},[40,26812,10260],{"class":54},[40,26814,213],{"class":212},[40,26816,7446],{"class":216},[40,26818,213],{"class":212},[40,26820,2669],{"class":54},[40,26822,224],{"class":212},[40,26824,1517],{"class":216},[40,26826,213],{"class":212},[40,26828,62],{"class":54},[40,26830,224],{"class":212},[40,26832,9069],{"class":216},[40,26834,213],{"class":212},[40,26836,2669],{"class":54},[40,26838,9076],{"class":58},[40,26840,9079],{"class":54},[40,26842,26843],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,26844,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,26846,26847,26849,26851,26853,26855,26857,26859,26861,26863,26865],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,26848,21389],{"class":46},[40,26850,51],{"class":50},[40,26852,13014],{"class":46},[40,26854,289],{"class":54},[40,26856,26002],{"class":91},[40,26858,88],{"class":54},[40,26860,213],{"class":212},[40,26862,9069],{"class":216},[40,26864,213],{"class":212},[40,26866,95],{"class":54},[40,26868,26869],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,26870,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,26872,26873,26875,26877,26879,26881],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,26874,101],{"class":84},[40,26876,88],{"class":54},[40,26878,9069],{"class":91},[40,26880,18],{"class":54},[40,26882,26883],{"class":3449},"     # 25\n",[40,26885,26886,26888,26890,26892,26894],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,26887,101],{"class":84},[40,26889,88],{"class":54},[40,26891,17072],{"class":91},[40,26893,18],{"class":54},[40,26895,26896],{"class":3449},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[792,26898,123,26900,26902],{"id":26899},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26901,26786],{}," when you only want deletion",[31,26904,26906],{"className":33,"code":26905,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26907,26908,26944,26948,26964,26968],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,26909,26910,26912,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940,26942],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,26911,12971],{"class":46},[40,26913,51],{"class":50},[40,26915,10260],{"class":54},[40,26917,213],{"class":212},[40,26919,7446],{"class":216},[40,26921,213],{"class":212},[40,26923,2669],{"class":54},[40,26925,224],{"class":212},[40,26927,1517],{"class":216},[40,26929,213],{"class":212},[40,26931,62],{"class":54},[40,26933,224],{"class":212},[40,26935,9069],{"class":216},[40,26937,213],{"class":212},[40,26939,2669],{"class":54},[40,26941,9076],{"class":58},[40,26943,9079],{"class":54},[40,26945,26946],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,26947,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,26949,26950,26952,26954,26956,26958,26960,26962],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,26951,26786],{"class":535},[40,26953,13014],{"class":46},[40,26955,565],{"class":54},[40,26957,213],{"class":212},[40,26959,9069],{"class":216},[40,26961,213],{"class":212},[40,26963,73],{"class":54},[40,26965,26966],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,26967,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,26969,26970,26972,26974,26976,26978],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,26971,101],{"class":84},[40,26973,88],{"class":54},[40,26975,17072],{"class":91},[40,26977,18],{"class":54},[40,26979,26896],{"class":3449},[20,26981,26982],{},"Difference:",[134,26984,26985,26990],{},[137,26986,26987,26989],{},[15,26988,12532],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[137,26991,26992,26994],{},[15,26993,26786],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26996,26997,26998,289],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[282,26999,12344],{"href":12343},[129,27001,27003,27004],{"id":27002},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27005,19448],{},[20,27007,27008],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[792,27010,27012],{"id":27011},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[31,27014,27016],{"className":33,"code":27015,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27017,27018,27043,27047,27073,27077,27089],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27019,27020,27022,27024,27026,27028,27030,27032,27034,27036,27039,27041],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27021,11493],{"class":46},[40,27023,51],{"class":50},[40,27025,10260],{"class":54},[40,27027,213],{"class":212},[40,27029,7446],{"class":216},[40,27031,213],{"class":212},[40,27033,2669],{"class":54},[40,27035,224],{"class":212},[40,27037,27038],{"class":216},"Sara",[40,27040,213],{"class":212},[40,27042,9079],{"class":54},[40,27044,27045],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,27046,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,27048,27049,27051,27053,27055,27057,27059,27061,27063,27065,27067,27069,27071],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,27050,2230],{"class":46},[40,27052,51],{"class":50},[40,27054,11535],{"class":46},[40,27056,289],{"class":54},[40,27058,26002],{"class":91},[40,27060,88],{"class":54},[40,27062,213],{"class":212},[40,27064,9069],{"class":216},[40,27066,213],{"class":212},[40,27068,62],{"class":54},[40,27070,3639],{"class":1494},[40,27072,95],{"class":54},[40,27074,27075],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,27076,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,27078,27079,27081,27083,27085,27087],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,27080,101],{"class":84},[40,27082,88],{"class":54},[40,27084,2255],{"class":91},[40,27086,18],{"class":54},[40,27088,20322],{"class":3449},[40,27090,27091,27093,27095,27097,27099],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,27092,101],{"class":84},[40,27094,88],{"class":54},[40,27096,11219],{"class":91},[40,27098,18],{"class":54},[40,27100,27101],{"class":3449}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27103,27104],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[792,27106,27108],{"id":27107},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[31,27110,27112],{"className":33,"code":27111,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27113,27114,27138,27142,27158,27181,27191,27197],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27115,27116,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27117,11493],{"class":46},[40,27119,51],{"class":50},[40,27121,10260],{"class":54},[40,27123,213],{"class":212},[40,27125,7446],{"class":216},[40,27127,213],{"class":212},[40,27129,2669],{"class":54},[40,27131,224],{"class":212},[40,27133,27038],{"class":216},[40,27135,213],{"class":212},[40,27137,9079],{"class":54},[40,27139,27140],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,27141,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,27143,27144,27146,27148,27150,27152,27154,27156],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,27145,536],{"class":535},[40,27147,224],{"class":212},[40,27149,9069],{"class":216},[40,27151,213],{"class":212},[40,27153,20934],{"class":50},[40,27155,11535],{"class":46},[40,27157,553],{"class":54},[40,27159,27160,27163,27165,27167,27169,27171,27173,27175,27177,27179],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,27161,27162],{"class":46},"    value ",[40,27164,51],{"class":50},[40,27166,11535],{"class":46},[40,27168,289],{"class":54},[40,27170,26002],{"class":91},[40,27172,88],{"class":54},[40,27174,213],{"class":212},[40,27176,9069],{"class":216},[40,27178,213],{"class":212},[40,27180,95],{"class":54},[40,27182,27183,27185,27187,27189],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,27184,558],{"class":84},[40,27186,88],{"class":54},[40,27188,2255],{"class":91},[40,27190,95],{"class":54},[40,27192,27193,27195],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,27194,576],{"class":535},[40,27196,553],{"class":54},[40,27198,27199,27201,27203,27205,27208,27210],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,27200,558],{"class":84},[40,27202,88],{"class":54},[40,27204,213],{"class":212},[40,27206,27207],{"class":216},"Key not found",[40,27209,213],{"class":212},[40,27211,95],{"class":54},[792,27213,27215,27216,27218],{"id":27214},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27217,10509],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[31,27220,27222],{"className":33,"code":27221,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27223,27224,27248,27252,27278,27282,27294],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27225,27226,27228,27230,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27227,11493],{"class":46},[40,27229,51],{"class":50},[40,27231,10260],{"class":54},[40,27233,213],{"class":212},[40,27235,7446],{"class":216},[40,27237,213],{"class":212},[40,27239,2669],{"class":54},[40,27241,224],{"class":212},[40,27243,27038],{"class":216},[40,27245,213],{"class":212},[40,27247,9079],{"class":54},[40,27249,27250],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,27251,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,27253,27254,27256,27258,27260,27262,27264,27266,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,27255,2230],{"class":46},[40,27257,51],{"class":50},[40,27259,11535],{"class":46},[40,27261,289],{"class":54},[40,27263,19511],{"class":91},[40,27265,88],{"class":54},[40,27267,213],{"class":212},[40,27269,9069],{"class":216},[40,27271,213],{"class":212},[40,27273,62],{"class":54},[40,27275,3639],{"class":1494},[40,27277,95],{"class":54},[40,27279,27280],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,27281,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,27283,27284,27286,27288,27290,27292],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,27285,101],{"class":84},[40,27287,88],{"class":54},[40,27289,2255],{"class":91},[40,27291,18],{"class":54},[40,27293,20322],{"class":3449},[40,27295,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,27297,101],{"class":84},[40,27299,88],{"class":54},[40,27301,11219],{"class":91},[40,27303,18],{"class":54},[40,27305,27101],{"class":3449},[20,27307,123,27308,27312,27313,289],{},[282,27309,27310],{"href":10505},[15,27311,26591],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[282,27314,11031],{"href":10844},[129,27316,790],{"id":789},[20,27318,27319,27320,289],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27321,12339],{},[792,27323,25535,27325,27327],{"id":27324},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27326,12532],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27329,27330],{},"Lists use indexes:",[31,27332,27334],{"className":33,"code":27333,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27335,27336,27356],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27337,27338,27340,27342,27344,27346,27348,27350,27352,27354],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27339,47],{"class":46},[40,27341,51],{"class":50},[40,27343,55],{"class":54},[40,27345,59],{"class":58},[40,27347,62],{"class":54},[40,27349,65],{"class":58},[40,27351,62],{"class":54},[40,27353,70],{"class":58},[40,27355,73],{"class":54},[40,27357,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366,27368,27370,27372,27374],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,27359,101],{"class":84},[40,27361,88],{"class":54},[40,27363,92],{"class":91},[40,27365,289],{"class":54},[40,27367,26002],{"class":91},[40,27369,88],{"class":54},[40,27371,658],{"class":58},[40,27373,5140],{"class":54},[40,27375,27376],{"class":3449},"  # 20\n",[20,27378,27379],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[31,27381,27383],{"className":33,"code":27382,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27384,27385,27421],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27386,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407,27409,27411,27413,27415,27417,27419],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27388,12971],{"class":46},[40,27390,51],{"class":50},[40,27392,10260],{"class":54},[40,27394,213],{"class":212},[40,27396,7446],{"class":216},[40,27398,213],{"class":212},[40,27400,2669],{"class":54},[40,27402,224],{"class":212},[40,27404,1517],{"class":216},[40,27406,213],{"class":212},[40,27408,62],{"class":54},[40,27410,224],{"class":212},[40,27412,9069],{"class":216},[40,27414,213],{"class":212},[40,27416,2669],{"class":54},[40,27418,9076],{"class":58},[40,27420,9079],{"class":54},[40,27422,27423,27425,27427,27429,27431,27433,27435,27437,27439,27441,27443],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,27424,101],{"class":84},[40,27426,88],{"class":54},[40,27428,17072],{"class":91},[40,27430,289],{"class":54},[40,27432,26002],{"class":91},[40,27434,88],{"class":54},[40,27436,213],{"class":212},[40,27438,9069],{"class":216},[40,27440,213],{"class":212},[40,27442,5140],{"class":54},[40,27444,27445],{"class":3449},"  # 25\n",[20,27447,27448,27449,27451,27452,27454],{},"A dictionary does ",[183,27450,185],{}," use positions with ",[15,27453,12532],{},". It uses keys.",[792,27456,4486,27458,27460],{"id":27457},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27459,12532],{}," changes the original dictionary",[31,27462,27464],{"className":33,"code":27463,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27465,27466,27498,27502,27524,27528,27541],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27467,27468,27470,27472,27474,27476,27478,27480,27482,27484,27486,27488,27490,27492,27494,27496],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27469,650],{"class":46},[40,27471,51],{"class":50},[40,27473,10260],{"class":54},[40,27475,213],{"class":212},[40,27477,1957],{"class":216},[40,27479,213],{"class":212},[40,27481,2669],{"class":54},[40,27483,1226],{"class":58},[40,27485,62],{"class":54},[40,27487,224],{"class":212},[40,27489,11514],{"class":216},[40,27491,213],{"class":212},[40,27493,2669],{"class":54},[40,27495,663],{"class":58},[40,27497,9079],{"class":54},[40,27499,27500],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,27501,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,27503,27504,27506,27508,27510,27512,27514,27516,27518,27520,27522],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,27505,2230],{"class":46},[40,27507,51],{"class":50},[40,27509,14334],{"class":46},[40,27511,289],{"class":54},[40,27513,26002],{"class":91},[40,27515,88],{"class":54},[40,27517,213],{"class":212},[40,27519,1957],{"class":216},[40,27521,213],{"class":212},[40,27523,95],{"class":54},[40,27525,27526],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,27527,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,27529,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,27531,101],{"class":84},[40,27533,88],{"class":54},[40,27535,2255],{"class":91},[40,27537,18],{"class":54},[40,27539,27540],{"class":3449},"  # 1\n",[40,27542,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,27544,101],{"class":84},[40,27546,88],{"class":54},[40,27548,703],{"class":91},[40,27550,18],{"class":54},[40,27552,27553],{"class":3449},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27555,27556,27557,27559],{},"After ",[15,27558,12532],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[792,27561,795,27563,27565],{"id":27562},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27564,12532],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[31,27567,27569],{"className":33,"code":27568,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27570,27571,27595,27599,27604],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27572,27573,27575,27577,27579,27581,27583,27585,27587,27589,27591,27593],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27574,650],{"class":46},[40,27576,51],{"class":50},[40,27578,10260],{"class":54},[40,27580,213],{"class":212},[40,27582,7446],{"class":216},[40,27584,213],{"class":212},[40,27586,2669],{"class":54},[40,27588,224],{"class":212},[40,27590,7696],{"class":216},[40,27592,213],{"class":212},[40,27594,9079],{"class":54},[40,27596,27597],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,27598,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,27600,27601],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,27602,27603],{"class":3449},"# This causes an error\n",[40,27605,27606],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,27607,27608],{"class":3449},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27610,27611],{},"Safer version:",[31,27613,27615],{"className":33,"code":27614,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27616,27617,27641,27645],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27618,27619,27621,27623,27625,27627,27629,27631,27633,27635,27637,27639],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27620,650],{"class":46},[40,27622,51],{"class":50},[40,27624,10260],{"class":54},[40,27626,213],{"class":212},[40,27628,7446],{"class":216},[40,27630,213],{"class":212},[40,27632,2669],{"class":54},[40,27634,224],{"class":212},[40,27636,7696],{"class":216},[40,27638,213],{"class":212},[40,27640,9079],{"class":54},[40,27642,27643],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,27644,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,27646,27647,27649,27651,27653,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,27648,101],{"class":84},[40,27650,88],{"class":54},[40,27652,703],{"class":91},[40,27654,289],{"class":54},[40,27656,26002],{"class":91},[40,27658,88],{"class":54},[40,27660,213],{"class":212},[40,27662,9069],{"class":216},[40,27664,213],{"class":212},[40,27666,62],{"class":54},[40,27668,224],{"class":212},[40,27670,26534],{"class":216},[40,27672,213],{"class":212},[40,27674,5140],{"class":54},[40,27676,26570],{"class":3449},[792,27678,8223,27680,27682],{"id":27679},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27681,12532],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[31,27684,27686],{"className":33,"code":27685,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27687,27688,27720,27724,27746,27750,27762],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27689,27690,27692,27694,27696,27698,27700,27702,27704,27706,27708,27710,27712,27714,27716,27718],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27691,650],{"class":46},[40,27693,51],{"class":50},[40,27695,10260],{"class":54},[40,27697,213],{"class":212},[40,27699,282],{"class":216},[40,27701,213],{"class":212},[40,27703,2669],{"class":54},[40,27705,1226],{"class":58},[40,27707,62],{"class":54},[40,27709,224],{"class":212},[40,27711,1017],{"class":216},[40,27713,213],{"class":212},[40,27715,2669],{"class":54},[40,27717,663],{"class":58},[40,27719,9079],{"class":54},[40,27721,27722],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,27723,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,27725,27726,27728,27730,27732,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,27727,2013],{"class":46},[40,27729,51],{"class":50},[40,27731,14334],{"class":46},[40,27733,289],{"class":54},[40,27735,26002],{"class":91},[40,27737,88],{"class":54},[40,27739,213],{"class":212},[40,27741,282],{"class":216},[40,27743,213],{"class":212},[40,27745,95],{"class":54},[40,27747,27748],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,27749,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,27751,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,27753,101],{"class":84},[40,27755,88],{"class":54},[40,27757,2048],{"class":91},[40,27759,18],{"class":54},[40,27761,27540],{"class":3449},[40,27763,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,27765,101],{"class":84},[40,27767,88],{"class":54},[40,27769,703],{"class":91},[40,27771,18],{"class":54},[40,27773,27774],{"class":3449},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27776,27777],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[129,27779,27781],{"id":27780},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27783,27784,27785,27787],{},"Problems with ",[15,27786,12339],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[134,27789,27790,27793,27802,27805],{},[137,27791,27792],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[137,27794,27795,27796,27799,27800],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27797,27798],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27801,26098],{},[137,27803,27804],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[137,27806,27807,27808,799,27810],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27809,658],{},[15,27811,27812],{},"\"1\"",[20,27814,27815],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[31,27817,27819],{"className":33,"code":27818,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27820,27821,27845,27849,27879],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27822,27823,27825,27827,27829,27831,27833,27835,27837,27839,27841,27843],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27824,650],{"class":46},[40,27826,51],{"class":50},[40,27828,10260],{"class":54},[40,27830,213],{"class":212},[40,27832,658],{"class":216},[40,27834,213],{"class":212},[40,27836,2669],{"class":54},[40,27838,224],{"class":212},[40,27840,6363],{"class":216},[40,27842,213],{"class":212},[40,27844,9079],{"class":54},[40,27846,27847],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,27848,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,27850,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861,27863,27865,27867,27869,27872,27874,27876],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,27852,101],{"class":84},[40,27854,88],{"class":54},[40,27856,703],{"class":91},[40,27858,289],{"class":54},[40,27860,26002],{"class":91},[40,27862,88],{"class":54},[40,27864,658],{"class":58},[40,27866,62],{"class":54},[40,27868,224],{"class":212},[40,27870,27871],{"class":216},"not found",[40,27873,213],{"class":212},[40,27875,5140],{"class":54},[40,27877,27878],{"class":3449},"    # not found\n",[40,27880,27881,27883,27885,27887,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905,27907,27909],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,27882,101],{"class":84},[40,27884,88],{"class":54},[40,27886,703],{"class":91},[40,27888,289],{"class":54},[40,27890,26002],{"class":91},[40,27892,88],{"class":54},[40,27894,213],{"class":212},[40,27896,658],{"class":216},[40,27898,213],{"class":212},[40,27900,62],{"class":54},[40,27902,224],{"class":212},[40,27904,27871],{"class":216},[40,27906,213],{"class":212},[40,27908,5140],{"class":54},[40,27910,27911],{"class":3449},"  # one\n",[20,27913,27914,4176,27916,27918],{},[15,27915,658],{},[15,27917,27812],{}," are different keys.",[129,27920,8643],{"id":8642},[20,27922,8646,27923,27925],{},[15,27924,12532],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[31,27927,27929],{"className":33,"code":27928,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27930,27931,27941,27955,27973,28003],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,27932,27933,27935,27937,27939],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,27934,101],{"class":84},[40,27936,88],{"class":54},[40,27938,11219],{"class":91},[40,27940,95],{"class":54},[40,27942,27943,27945,27947,27949,27951,27953],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,27944,101],{"class":84},[40,27946,88],{"class":54},[40,27948,11219],{"class":91},[40,27950,289],{"class":54},[40,27952,16689],{"class":91},[40,27954,847],{"class":54},[40,27956,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965,27967,27969,27971],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,27958,101],{"class":84},[40,27960,88],{"class":54},[40,27962,3087],{"class":212},[40,27964,7446],{"class":216},[40,27966,3087],{"class":212},[40,27968,20934],{"class":535},[40,27970,11535],{"class":91},[40,27972,95],{"class":54},[40,27974,27975,27977,27979,27981,27983,27985,27987,27989,27991,27993,27995,27997,27999,28001],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,27976,101],{"class":84},[40,27978,88],{"class":54},[40,27980,11219],{"class":91},[40,27982,289],{"class":54},[40,27984,26002],{"class":91},[40,27986,88],{"class":54},[40,27988,3087],{"class":212},[40,27990,7446],{"class":216},[40,27992,3087],{"class":212},[40,27994,62],{"class":54},[40,27996,3082],{"class":212},[40,27998,26534],{"class":216},[40,28000,3087],{"class":212},[40,28002,256],{"class":54},[40,28004,28005,28007,28009,28011,28013,28015],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,28006,101],{"class":84},[40,28008,88],{"class":54},[40,28010,1297],{"class":609},[40,28012,88],{"class":54},[40,28014,11219],{"class":91},[40,28016,256],{"class":54},[20,28018,21097],{},[134,28020,28021,28026,28031,28036,28042],{},[137,28022,28023,28025],{},[15,28024,12449],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[137,28027,28028,28030],{},[15,28029,21109],{}," shows all available keys",[137,28032,28033,28035],{},[15,28034,21115],{}," checks whether a key exists",[137,28037,28038,28041],{},[15,28039,28040],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[137,28043,28044,28046],{},[15,28045,12455],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28048,28049,28050,289],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[282,28051,9161],{"href":9160},[129,28053,1636],{"id":1635},[792,28055,28057,28058,28060],{"id":28056},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28059,12532],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28062,28063],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[792,28065,28067],{"id":28066},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28069,28070,26299,28072,28074,28075,28077],{},[15,28071,26098],{},[15,28073,19448],{},". ",[15,28076,26102],{}," returns the default value instead.",[792,28079,12474,28081,14664],{"id":28080},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28082,12532],{},[20,28084,28085],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[792,28087,1671,28089,28091],{"id":28088},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,28090,12532],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28093,28094,28095,28097,28098,289],{},"Not with ",[15,28096,12339],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[282,28099,28100],{"href":12350},[15,28101,12539],{},[792,28103,4957,28105,4176,28107,2275],{"id":28104},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28106,10509],{},[15,28108,12532],{},[20,28110,28111,28113,28114,28116],{},[15,28112,10509],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28115,12532],{}," reads and removes it.",[129,28118,1687],{"id":1686},[134,28120,28121,28127,28134,28138,28142,28146],{},[137,28122,28123],{},[282,28124,28125],{"href":10505},[15,28126,19429],{},[137,28128,28129],{},[282,28130,28131],{"href":12350},[15,28132,28133],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[137,28135,28136],{},[282,28137,12556],{"href":12343},[137,28139,28140],{},[282,28141,21218],{"href":16364},[137,28143,28144],{},[282,28145,11031],{"href":10844},[137,28147,28148],{},[282,28149,28151],{"href":28150},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1715,28153,28154],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":28156},[28157,28158,28160,28161,28162,28164,28171,28178,28188,28189,28190,28201],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":26109,"depth":76,"text":28159},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":17183,"depth":76,"text":17184},{"id":26594,"depth":76,"text":28163},"When to use pop()",{"id":26781,"depth":76,"text":28165,"children":28166},"pop() vs del",[28167,28169],{"id":26796,"depth":98,"text":28168},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26899,"depth":98,"text":28170},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27002,"depth":76,"text":28172,"children":28173},"How to avoid KeyError",[28174,28175,28176],{"id":27011,"depth":98,"text":27012},{"id":27107,"depth":98,"text":27108},{"id":27214,"depth":98,"text":28177},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":28179},[28180,28182,28184,28186],{"id":27324,"depth":98,"text":28181},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27457,"depth":98,"text":28183},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27562,"depth":98,"text":28185},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27679,"depth":98,"text":28187},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27780,"depth":76,"text":27781},{"id":8642,"depth":76,"text":8643},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":28191},[28192,28194,28195,28197,28199],{"id":28056,"depth":98,"text":28193},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28066,"depth":98,"text":28067},{"id":28080,"depth":98,"text":28196},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28088,"depth":98,"text":28198},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28104,"depth":98,"text":28200},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25930,"description":28202},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28209,"title":28133,"body":28210,"description":30149,"extension":1746,"meta":30150,"navigation":360,"path":30151,"seo":30152,"stem":30153,"__hash__":30154},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28211,"toc":30113},[28212,28217,28222,28225,28233,28243,28245,28334,28338,28387,28392,28397,28401,28417,28420,28422,28437,28439,28455,28462,28466,28472,28481,28483,28552,28556,28577,28580,28599,28602,28625,28627,28630,28745,28749,28808,28815,28819,28825,28950,28954,29004,29007,29011,29018,29020,29083,29087,29108,29111,29120,29135,29143,29150,29154,29166,29170,29181,29183,29329,29333,29392,29399,29404,29408,29414,29437,29442,29461,29465,29536,29543,29616,29625,29630,29635,29646,29649,29786,29791,29823,29828,29830,29834,29894,29897,29954,29957,30000,30002,30007,30013,30019,30022,30029,30036,30041,30044,30051,30059,30061,30110],[10,28213,11087,28215,11091],{"id":28214},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28216,12539],{},[20,28218,606,28219,28221],{},[15,28220,12539],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28223,28224],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[134,28226,28227,28230],{},[137,28228,28229],{},"remove an item",[137,28231,28232],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28234,28235,28236,28238,28239,28242],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28237,12539],{}," removes the ",[183,28240,28241],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[129,28244,1787],{"id":1786},[31,28246,28248],{"className":33,"code":28247,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28249,28250,28294,28310,28314,28324],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28251,28252,28254,28256,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272,28274,28276,28278,28280,28282,28284,28286,28288,28290,28292],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28253,650],{"class":46},[40,28255,51],{"class":50},[40,28257,10260],{"class":54},[40,28259,213],{"class":212},[40,28261,282],{"class":216},[40,28263,213],{"class":212},[40,28265,2669],{"class":54},[40,28267,1226],{"class":58},[40,28269,62],{"class":54},[40,28271,224],{"class":212},[40,28273,1017],{"class":216},[40,28275,213],{"class":212},[40,28277,2669],{"class":54},[40,28279,663],{"class":58},[40,28281,62],{"class":54},[40,28283,224],{"class":212},[40,28285,1026],{"class":216},[40,28287,213],{"class":212},[40,28289,2669],{"class":54},[40,28291,749],{"class":58},[40,28293,9079],{"class":54},[40,28295,28296,28299,28301,28303,28305,28308],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,28297,28298],{"class":46},"item ",[40,28300,51],{"class":50},[40,28302,14334],{"class":46},[40,28304,289],{"class":54},[40,28306,28307],{"class":91},"popitem",[40,28309,8413],{"class":54},[40,28311,28312],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,28313,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,28315,28316,28318,28320,28322],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,28317,101],{"class":84},[40,28319,88],{"class":54},[40,28321,23072],{"class":91},[40,28323,95],{"class":54},[40,28325,28326,28328,28330,28332],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,28327,101],{"class":84},[40,28329,88],{"class":54},[40,28331,703],{"class":91},[40,28333,95],{"class":54},[20,28335,28336],{},[183,28337,111],{},[31,28339,28341],{"className":33,"code":28340,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28342,28343,28359],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28344,28345,28347,28349,28351,28353,28355,28357],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28346,88],{"class":54},[40,28348,3087],{"class":212},[40,28350,1026],{"class":216},[40,28352,3087],{"class":212},[40,28354,62],{"class":54},[40,28356,749],{"class":58},[40,28358,95],{"class":54},[40,28360,28361,28363,28365,28367,28369,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,28362,9048],{"class":54},[40,28364,3087],{"class":212},[40,28366,282],{"class":216},[40,28368,3087],{"class":212},[40,28370,2669],{"class":54},[40,28372,1226],{"class":58},[40,28374,62],{"class":54},[40,28376,3082],{"class":212},[40,28378,1017],{"class":216},[40,28380,3087],{"class":212},[40,28382,2669],{"class":54},[40,28384,663],{"class":58},[40,28386,9079],{"class":54},[20,28388,28389,28391],{},[15,28390,12539],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[129,28393,158,28395,3466],{"id":28394},"what-popitem-does",[15,28396,12539],{},[20,28398,28399,2669],{},[15,28400,12539],{},[134,28402,28403,28406,28411,28414],{},[137,28404,28405],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[137,28407,28408,28409],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28410,21416],{},[137,28412,28413],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[137,28415,28416],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28418,28419],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[129,28421,1940],{"id":1939},[31,28423,28425],{"className":33,"code":28424,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28426,28427],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28428,28429,28431,28433,28435],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28430,15371],{"class":46},[40,28432,289],{"class":54},[40,28434,28307],{"class":91},[40,28436,8413],{"class":54},[20,28438,11228],{},[134,28440,28441,28449,28452],{},[137,28442,28443,28445,28446],{},[15,28444,12539],{}," takes ",[183,28447,28448],{},"no arguments",[137,28450,28451],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[137,28453,28454],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28456,28457,28458,6409],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[282,28459,28460],{"href":12336},[15,28461,12532],{},[129,28463,28465],{"id":28464},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28467,28468,28469,28471],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28470,12539],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28473,28474,28475,28478],"ol",{},[137,28476,28477],{},"the key",[137,28479,28480],{},"the value",[20,28482,195],{},[31,28484,28486],{"className":33,"code":28485,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28487,28488,28524,28538,28542],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28489,28490,28492,28494,28496,28498,28500,28502,28504,28506,28508,28510,28512,28514,28516,28518,28520,28522],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28491,12971],{"class":46},[40,28493,51],{"class":50},[40,28495,10260],{"class":54},[40,28497,213],{"class":212},[40,28499,7446],{"class":216},[40,28501,213],{"class":212},[40,28503,2669],{"class":54},[40,28505,224],{"class":212},[40,28507,4783],{"class":216},[40,28509,213],{"class":212},[40,28511,62],{"class":54},[40,28513,224],{"class":212},[40,28515,9069],{"class":216},[40,28517,213],{"class":212},[40,28519,2669],{"class":54},[40,28521,9076],{"class":58},[40,28523,9079],{"class":54},[40,28525,28526,28528,28530,28532,28534,28536],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,28527,2013],{"class":46},[40,28529,51],{"class":50},[40,28531,13014],{"class":46},[40,28533,289],{"class":54},[40,28535,28307],{"class":91},[40,28537,8413],{"class":54},[40,28539,28540],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,28541,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,28543,28544,28546,28548,28550],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,28545,101],{"class":84},[40,28547,88],{"class":54},[40,28549,2048],{"class":91},[40,28551,95],{"class":54},[20,28553,28554],{},[183,28555,111],{},[31,28557,28559],{"className":33,"code":28558,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28560,28561],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28562,28563,28565,28567,28569,28571,28573,28575],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28564,88],{"class":54},[40,28566,3087],{"class":212},[40,28568,9069],{"class":216},[40,28570,3087],{"class":212},[40,28572,62],{"class":54},[40,28574,9076],{"class":58},[40,28576,95],{"class":54},[20,28578,28579],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[31,28581,28583],{"className":33,"code":28582,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28584,28585],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28586,28587,28589,28591,28593,28595,28597],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28588,2013],{"class":46},[40,28590,51],{"class":50},[40,28592,13014],{"class":46},[40,28594,289],{"class":54},[40,28596,28307],{"class":91},[40,28598,8413],{"class":54},[20,28600,28601],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[31,28603,28605],{"className":33,"code":28604,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28606,28607],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28608,28609,28611,28613,28615,28617,28619,28621,28623],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28610,14609],{"class":46},[40,28612,62],{"class":54},[40,28614,21345],{"class":46},[40,28616,51],{"class":50},[40,28618,13014],{"class":46},[40,28620,289],{"class":54},[40,28622,28307],{"class":91},[40,28624,8413],{"class":54},[129,28626,11245],{"id":11244},[20,28628,28629],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[31,28631,28633],{"className":33,"code":28632,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28634,28635,28683,28687,28702,28706,28726],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28636,28637,28639,28641,28643,28645,28648,28650,28652,28654,28656,28658,28660,28662,28664,28667,28669,28671,28674,28676,28678,28681],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28638,4842],{"class":46},[40,28640,51],{"class":50},[40,28642,10260],{"class":54},[40,28644,213],{"class":212},[40,28646,28647],{"class":216},"Tom",[40,28649,213],{"class":212},[40,28651,2669],{"class":54},[40,28653,4854],{"class":58},[40,28655,62],{"class":54},[40,28657,224],{"class":212},[40,28659,1517],{"class":216},[40,28661,213],{"class":212},[40,28663,2669],{"class":54},[40,28665,28666],{"class":58}," 95",[40,28668,62],{"class":54},[40,28670,224],{"class":212},[40,28672,28673],{"class":216},"Leo",[40,28675,213],{"class":212},[40,28677,2669],{"class":54},[40,28679,28680],{"class":58}," 88",[40,28682,9079],{"class":54},[40,28684,28685],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,28686,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,28688,28689,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,28690,28691],{"class":46},"removed_pair ",[40,28693,51],{"class":50},[40,28695,4889],{"class":46},[40,28697,289],{"class":54},[40,28699,28307],{"class":91},[40,28701,8413],{"class":54},[40,28703,28704],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,28705,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,28707,28708,28710,28712,28714,28717,28719,28721,28724],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,28709,101],{"class":84},[40,28711,88],{"class":54},[40,28713,213],{"class":212},[40,28715,28716],{"class":216},"Removed:",[40,28718,213],{"class":212},[40,28720,62],{"class":54},[40,28722,28723],{"class":91}," removed_pair",[40,28725,95],{"class":54},[40,28727,28728,28730,28732,28734,28737,28739,28741,28743],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,28729,101],{"class":84},[40,28731,88],{"class":54},[40,28733,213],{"class":212},[40,28735,28736],{"class":216},"After removal:",[40,28738,213],{"class":212},[40,28740,62],{"class":54},[40,28742,4889],{"class":91},[40,28744,95],{"class":54},[20,28746,28747],{},[183,28748,111],{},[31,28750,28752],{"className":33,"code":28751,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28753,28754,28775],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28755,28756,28759,28761,28763,28765,28767,28769,28771,28773],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28757,28758],{"class":46},"Removed",[40,28760,2669],{"class":54},[40,28762,9006],{"class":54},[40,28764,3087],{"class":212},[40,28766,28673],{"class":216},[40,28768,3087],{"class":212},[40,28770,62],{"class":54},[40,28772,28680],{"class":58},[40,28774,95],{"class":54},[40,28776,28777,28780,28782,28784,28786,28788,28790,28792,28794,28796,28798,28800,28802,28804,28806],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,28778,28779],{"class":46},"After removal",[40,28781,2669],{"class":54},[40,28783,10260],{"class":54},[40,28785,3087],{"class":212},[40,28787,28647],{"class":216},[40,28789,3087],{"class":212},[40,28791,2669],{"class":54},[40,28793,4854],{"class":58},[40,28795,62],{"class":54},[40,28797,3082],{"class":212},[40,28799,1517],{"class":216},[40,28801,3087],{"class":212},[40,28803,2669],{"class":54},[40,28805,28666],{"class":58},[40,28807,9079],{"class":54},[20,28809,28810,28811,28814],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28812,28813],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[129,28816,28818],{"id":28817},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28820,28821,28822,28824],{},"Because ",[15,28823,12539],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[31,28826,28828],{"className":33,"code":28827,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28829,28830,28866,28870,28889,28893,28912,28931],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28831,28832,28834,28836,28838,28840,28842,28844,28846,28848,28850,28852,28854,28856,28858,28860,28862,28864],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28833,15214],{"class":46},[40,28835,51],{"class":50},[40,28837,10260],{"class":54},[40,28839,213],{"class":212},[40,28841,15225],{"class":216},[40,28843,213],{"class":212},[40,28845,2669],{"class":54},[40,28847,224],{"class":212},[40,28849,15234],{"class":216},[40,28851,213],{"class":212},[40,28853,62],{"class":54},[40,28855,224],{"class":212},[40,28857,15245],{"class":216},[40,28859,213],{"class":212},[40,28861,2669],{"class":54},[40,28863,26668],{"class":58},[40,28865,9079],{"class":54},[40,28867,28868],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,28869,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,28871,28872,28874,28876,28878,28880,28883,28885,28887],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,28873,14609],{"class":46},[40,28875,62],{"class":54},[40,28877,21345],{"class":46},[40,28879,51],{"class":50},[40,28881,28882],{"class":46}," book",[40,28884,289],{"class":54},[40,28886,28307],{"class":91},[40,28888,8413],{"class":54},[40,28890,28891],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,28892,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,28894,28895,28897,28899,28901,28904,28906,28908,28910],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,28896,101],{"class":84},[40,28898,88],{"class":54},[40,28900,213],{"class":212},[40,28902,28903],{"class":216},"Key:",[40,28905,213],{"class":212},[40,28907,62],{"class":54},[40,28909,21340],{"class":91},[40,28911,95],{"class":54},[40,28913,28914,28916,28918,28920,28923,28925,28927,28929],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,28915,101],{"class":84},[40,28917,88],{"class":54},[40,28919,213],{"class":212},[40,28921,28922],{"class":216},"Value:",[40,28924,213],{"class":212},[40,28926,62],{"class":54},[40,28928,8203],{"class":91},[40,28930,95],{"class":54},[40,28932,28933,28935,28937,28939,28942,28944,28946,28948],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,28934,101],{"class":84},[40,28936,88],{"class":54},[40,28938,213],{"class":212},[40,28940,28941],{"class":216},"Dictionary:",[40,28943,213],{"class":212},[40,28945,62],{"class":54},[40,28947,28882],{"class":91},[40,28949,95],{"class":54},[20,28951,28952],{},[183,28953,111],{},[31,28955,28957],{"className":33,"code":28956,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28958,28959,28969,28979],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,28960,28961,28964,28966],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,28962,28963],{"class":46},"Key",[40,28965,2669],{"class":54},[40,28967,28968],{"class":46}," pages\n",[40,28970,28971,28974,28976],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,28972,28973],{"class":46},"Value",[40,28975,2669],{"class":54},[40,28977,28978],{"class":58}," 200\n",[40,28980,28981,28984,28986,28988,28990,28992,28994,28996,28998,29000,29002],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,28982,28983],{"class":46},"Dictionary",[40,28985,2669],{"class":54},[40,28987,10260],{"class":54},[40,28989,3087],{"class":212},[40,28991,15225],{"class":216},[40,28993,3087],{"class":212},[40,28995,2669],{"class":54},[40,28997,3082],{"class":212},[40,28999,15234],{"class":216},[40,29001,3087],{"class":212},[40,29003,9079],{"class":54},[20,29005,29006],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[129,29008,29010],{"id":29009},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29012,29013,29014,28238,29016,289],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29015,12539],{},[183,29017,28241],{},[20,29019,195],{},[31,29021,29023],{"className":33,"code":29022,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29024,29025,29069],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29026,29027,29029,29031,29033,29035,29037,29039,29041,29043,29045,29047,29049,29051,29053,29055,29057,29059,29061,29063,29065,29067],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29028,650],{"class":46},[40,29030,51],{"class":50},[40,29032,10260],{"class":54},[40,29034,213],{"class":212},[40,29036,1957],{"class":216},[40,29038,213],{"class":212},[40,29040,2669],{"class":54},[40,29042,1226],{"class":58},[40,29044,62],{"class":54},[40,29046,224],{"class":212},[40,29048,11514],{"class":216},[40,29050,213],{"class":212},[40,29052,2669],{"class":54},[40,29054,663],{"class":58},[40,29056,62],{"class":54},[40,29058,224],{"class":212},[40,29060,21838],{"class":216},[40,29062,213],{"class":212},[40,29064,2669],{"class":54},[40,29066,749],{"class":58},[40,29068,9079],{"class":54},[40,29070,29071,29073,29075,29077,29079,29081],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,29072,101],{"class":84},[40,29074,88],{"class":54},[40,29076,703],{"class":91},[40,29078,289],{"class":54},[40,29080,28307],{"class":91},[40,29082,847],{"class":54},[20,29084,29085],{},[183,29086,111],{},[31,29088,29090],{"className":33,"code":29089,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29091,29092],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29093,29094,29096,29098,29100,29102,29104,29106],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29095,88],{"class":54},[40,29097,3087],{"class":212},[40,29099,21838],{"class":216},[40,29101,3087],{"class":212},[40,29103,62],{"class":54},[40,29105,749],{"class":58},[40,29107,95],{"class":54},[20,29109,29110],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29112,29113,29114,29116,29117,29119],{},"As a beginner, do ",[183,29115,185],{}," think of ",[15,29118,12539],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29121,29122,29123,1973,29127,16837,29131,289],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[282,29124,29125],{"href":16840},[15,29126,16843],{},[282,29128,29129],{"href":16827},[15,29130,16830],{},[282,29132,29133],{"href":16833},[15,29134,16836],{},[129,29136,29138,29139,4176,29141],{"id":29137},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29140,12539],{},[15,29142,12532],{},[20,29144,29145,4176,29147,29149],{},[15,29146,12539],{},[15,29148,12532],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[792,29151,29152],{"id":28307},[15,29153,12539],{},[134,29155,29156,29159,29162],{},[137,29157,29158],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[137,29160,29161],{},"does not need a key argument",[137,29163,3478,29164],{},[15,29165,21416],{},[792,29167,29168],{"id":26002},[15,29169,12532],{},[134,29171,29172,29175,29178],{},[137,29173,29174],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[137,29176,29177],{},"needs the key name",[137,29179,29180],{},"returns only the value",[20,29182,195],{},[31,29184,29186],{"className":33,"code":29185,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29187,29188,29232,29236,29250,29270,29274,29296,29315,29319],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29189,29190,29192,29194,29196,29198,29200,29202,29204,29206,29208,29210,29212,29214,29216,29218,29220,29222,29224,29226,29228,29230],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29191,650],{"class":46},[40,29193,51],{"class":50},[40,29195,10260],{"class":54},[40,29197,213],{"class":212},[40,29199,282],{"class":216},[40,29201,213],{"class":212},[40,29203,2669],{"class":54},[40,29205,1226],{"class":58},[40,29207,62],{"class":54},[40,29209,224],{"class":212},[40,29211,1017],{"class":216},[40,29213,213],{"class":212},[40,29215,2669],{"class":54},[40,29217,663],{"class":58},[40,29219,62],{"class":54},[40,29221,224],{"class":212},[40,29223,1026],{"class":216},[40,29225,213],{"class":212},[40,29227,2669],{"class":54},[40,29229,749],{"class":58},[40,29231,9079],{"class":54},[40,29233,29234],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,29235,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,29237,29238,29240,29242,29244,29246,29248],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,29239,28298],{"class":46},[40,29241,51],{"class":50},[40,29243,14334],{"class":46},[40,29245,289],{"class":54},[40,29247,28307],{"class":91},[40,29249,8413],{"class":54},[40,29251,29252,29254,29256,29258,29261,29263,29265,29268],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,29253,101],{"class":84},[40,29255,88],{"class":54},[40,29257,213],{"class":212},[40,29259,29260],{"class":216},"popitem():",[40,29262,213],{"class":212},[40,29264,62],{"class":54},[40,29266,29267],{"class":91}," item",[40,29269,95],{"class":54},[40,29271,29272],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,29273,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,29275,29276,29278,29280,29282,29284,29286,29288,29290,29292,29294],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,29277,2230],{"class":46},[40,29279,51],{"class":50},[40,29281,14334],{"class":46},[40,29283,289],{"class":54},[40,29285,26002],{"class":91},[40,29287,88],{"class":54},[40,29289,213],{"class":212},[40,29291,282],{"class":216},[40,29293,213],{"class":212},[40,29295,95],{"class":54},[40,29297,29298,29300,29302,29304,29307,29309,29311,29313],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,29299,101],{"class":84},[40,29301,88],{"class":54},[40,29303,213],{"class":212},[40,29305,29306],{"class":216},"pop('a'):",[40,29308,213],{"class":212},[40,29310,62],{"class":54},[40,29312,8203],{"class":91},[40,29314,95],{"class":54},[40,29316,29317],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,29318,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,29320,29321,29323,29325,29327],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,29322,101],{"class":84},[40,29324,88],{"class":54},[40,29326,703],{"class":91},[40,29328,95],{"class":54},[20,29330,29331],{},[183,29332,111],{},[31,29334,29336],{"className":33,"code":29335,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29337,29338,29359,29376],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29339,29340,29342,29345,29347,29349,29351,29353,29355,29357],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29341,28307],{"class":91},[40,29343,29344],{"class":54},"():",[40,29346,9006],{"class":54},[40,29348,3087],{"class":212},[40,29350,1026],{"class":216},[40,29352,3087],{"class":212},[40,29354,62],{"class":54},[40,29356,749],{"class":58},[40,29358,95],{"class":54},[40,29360,29361,29363,29365,29367,29369,29371,29373],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,29362,26002],{"class":91},[40,29364,88],{"class":54},[40,29366,3087],{"class":212},[40,29368,282],{"class":216},[40,29370,3087],{"class":212},[40,29372,16219],{"class":54},[40,29374,29375],{"class":58}," 1\n",[40,29377,29378,29380,29382,29384,29386,29388,29390],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,29379,9048],{"class":54},[40,29381,3087],{"class":212},[40,29383,1017],{"class":216},[40,29385,3087],{"class":212},[40,29387,2669],{"class":54},[40,29389,663],{"class":58},[40,29391,9079],{"class":54},[20,29393,123,29394,29398],{},[282,29395,29396],{"href":12336},[15,29397,12532],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29400,123,29401,29403],{},[15,29402,12539],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[129,29405,29407],{"id":29406},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29409,29410,29411,29413],{},"Calling ",[15,29412,12539],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[31,29415,29417],{"className":33,"code":29416,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29418,29419,29427],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29420,29421,29423,29425],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29422,650],{"class":46},[40,29424,51],{"class":50},[40,29426,9607],{"class":54},[40,29428,29429,29431,29433,29435],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,29430,703],{"class":46},[40,29432,289],{"class":54},[40,29434,28307],{"class":91},[40,29436,8413],{"class":54},[20,29438,29439],{},[183,29440,29441],{},"Error:",[31,29443,29445],{"className":33,"code":29444,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29446,29447],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29448,29449,29451,29453,29455,29458],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29450,19448],{"class":609},[40,29452,2669],{"class":54},[40,29454,3082],{"class":212},[40,29456,29457],{"class":216},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[40,29459,29460],{"class":212},"'\n",[792,29462,29464],{"id":29463},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[31,29466,29468],{"className":33,"code":29467,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29469,29470,29478,29482,29490,29505,29515,29521],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29471,29472,29474,29476],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29473,650],{"class":46},[40,29475,51],{"class":50},[40,29477,9607],{"class":54},[40,29479,29480],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,29481,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,29483,29484,29486,29488],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,29485,536],{"class":535},[40,29487,14334],{"class":46},[40,29489,553],{"class":54},[40,29491,29492,29495,29497,29499,29501,29503],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,29493,29494],{"class":46},"    item ",[40,29496,51],{"class":50},[40,29498,14334],{"class":46},[40,29500,289],{"class":54},[40,29502,28307],{"class":91},[40,29504,8413],{"class":54},[40,29506,29507,29509,29511,29513],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,29508,558],{"class":84},[40,29510,88],{"class":54},[40,29512,23072],{"class":91},[40,29514,95],{"class":54},[40,29516,29517,29519],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,29518,576],{"class":535},[40,29520,553],{"class":54},[40,29522,29523,29525,29527,29529,29532,29534],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,29524,558],{"class":84},[40,29526,88],{"class":54},[40,29528,213],{"class":212},[40,29530,29531],{"class":216},"Dictionary is empty",[40,29533,213],{"class":212},[40,29535,95],{"class":54},[792,29537,29539,29540],{"id":29538},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29541,29542],{},"try-except",[31,29544,29546],{"className":33,"code":29545,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29547,29548,29556,29560,29567,29581,29591,29601],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29549,29550,29552,29554],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29551,650],{"class":46},[40,29553,51],{"class":50},[40,29555,9607],{"class":54},[40,29557,29558],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,29559,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,29561,29562,29565],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,29563,29564],{"class":535},"try",[40,29566,553],{"class":54},[40,29568,29569,29571,29573,29575,29577,29579],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,29570,29494],{"class":46},[40,29572,51],{"class":50},[40,29574,14334],{"class":46},[40,29576,289],{"class":54},[40,29578,28307],{"class":91},[40,29580,8413],{"class":54},[40,29582,29583,29585,29587,29589],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,29584,558],{"class":84},[40,29586,88],{"class":54},[40,29588,23072],{"class":91},[40,29590,95],{"class":54},[40,29592,29593,29596,29599],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,29594,29595],{"class":535},"except",[40,29597,29598],{"class":609}," KeyError",[40,29600,553],{"class":54},[40,29602,29603,29605,29607,29609,29612,29614],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,29604,558],{"class":84},[40,29606,88],{"class":54},[40,29608,213],{"class":212},[40,29610,29611],{"class":216},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[40,29613,213],{"class":212},[40,29615,95],{"class":54},[20,29617,29618,29619,289],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[282,29620,25442,29622],{"href":29621},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29623,29624],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[129,29626,1345,29628],{"id":29627},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29629,12539],{},[20,29631,29632,29634],{},[15,29633,12539],{}," is useful when:",[134,29636,29637,29640,29643],{},[137,29638,29639],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[137,29641,29642],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[137,29644,29645],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29647,29648],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[31,29650,29652],{"className":33,"code":29651,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29653,29654,29663,29683,29703,29721,29725,29729,29739,29758],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29655,29656,29659,29661],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29657,29658],{"class":46},"tasks ",[40,29660,51],{"class":50},[40,29662,11263],{"class":54},[40,29664,29665,29667,29670,29672,29674,29676,29679,29681],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,29666,11268],{"class":212},[40,29668,29669],{"class":216},"first",[40,29671,213],{"class":212},[40,29673,2669],{"class":54},[40,29675,224],{"class":212},[40,29677,29678],{"class":216},"wash dishes",[40,29680,213],{"class":212},[40,29682,11284],{"class":54},[40,29684,29685,29687,29690,29692,29694,29696,29699,29701],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,29686,11268],{"class":212},[40,29688,29689],{"class":216},"second",[40,29691,213],{"class":212},[40,29693,2669],{"class":54},[40,29695,224],{"class":212},[40,29697,29698],{"class":216},"do homework",[40,29700,213],{"class":212},[40,29702,11284],{"class":54},[40,29704,29705,29707,29710,29712,29714,29716,29719],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,29706,11268],{"class":212},[40,29708,29709],{"class":216},"third",[40,29711,213],{"class":212},[40,29713,2669],{"class":54},[40,29715,224],{"class":212},[40,29717,29718],{"class":216},"read book",[40,29720,3146],{"class":212},[40,29722,29723],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,29724,9079],{"class":54},[40,29726,29727],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,29728,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,29730,29731,29734,29737],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,29732,29733],{"class":535},"while",[40,29735,29736],{"class":46}," tasks",[40,29738,553],{"class":54},[40,29740,29741,29744,29746,29748,29750,29752,29754,29756],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,29742,29743],{"class":46},"    key",[40,29745,62],{"class":54},[40,29747,21345],{"class":46},[40,29749,51],{"class":50},[40,29751,29736],{"class":46},[40,29753,289],{"class":54},[40,29755,28307],{"class":91},[40,29757,8413],{"class":54},[40,29759,29760,29762,29764,29766,29768,29770,29772,29774,29776,29778,29780,29782,29784],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,29761,558],{"class":84},[40,29763,88],{"class":54},[40,29765,22055],{"class":1848},[40,29767,213],{"class":216},[40,29769,9048],{"class":58},[40,29771,14609],{"class":91},[40,29773,22064],{"class":58},[40,29775,22067],{"class":216},[40,29777,9048],{"class":58},[40,29779,2255],{"class":91},[40,29781,22064],{"class":58},[40,29783,213],{"class":216},[40,29785,95],{"class":54},[20,29787,29788],{},[183,29789,29790],{},"Possible output:",[31,29792,29794],{"className":33,"code":29793,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29795,29796,29805,29814],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29797,29798,29800,29802],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29799,29709],{"class":46},[40,29801,2669],{"class":54},[40,29803,29804],{"class":46}," read book\n",[40,29806,29807,29809,29811],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,29808,29689],{"class":46},[40,29810,2669],{"class":54},[40,29812,29813],{"class":46}," do homework\n",[40,29815,29816,29818,29820],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,29817,29669],{"class":46},[40,29819,2669],{"class":54},[40,29821,29822],{"class":46}," wash dishes\n",[20,29824,28821,29825,29827],{},[15,29826,12539],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[129,29829,2613],{"id":2612},[20,29831,14501,29832,2669],{},[15,29833,12539],{},[134,29835,29836,29850,29869,29880],{},[137,29837,29838,29843],{},[183,29839,29410,29840,29842],{},[15,29841,12539],{}," on an empty dictionary",[134,29844,29845],{},[137,29846,29847,29848,289],{},"This raises ",[15,29849,19448],{},[137,29851,29852,29857],{},[183,29853,8223,29854,29856],{},[15,29855,12539],{}," to remove a specific key",[134,29858,29859,29862],{},[137,29860,29861],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[137,29863,123,29864,29868],{},[282,29865,29866],{"href":12336},[15,29867,12532],{}," if you need that.",[137,29870,29871,29875],{},[183,29872,4486,29873,27460],{},[15,29874,12539],{},[134,29876,29877],{},[137,29878,29879],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[137,29881,29882,29885],{},[183,29883,29884],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[134,29886,29887],{},[137,29888,29889,21736,29891,29893],{},[15,29890,12539],{},[15,29892,21416],{}," tuple.",[20,29895,29896],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[31,29898,29900],{"className":33,"code":29899,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29901,29902,29912,29926,29930,29944],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29903,29904,29906,29908,29910],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29905,101],{"class":84},[40,29907,88],{"class":54},[40,29909,11219],{"class":91},[40,29911,95],{"class":54},[40,29913,29914,29916,29918,29920,29922,29924],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,29915,101],{"class":84},[40,29917,88],{"class":54},[40,29919,17],{"class":84},[40,29921,88],{"class":54},[40,29923,11219],{"class":91},[40,29925,256],{"class":54},[40,29927,29928],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,29929,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,29931,29932,29934,29936,29938,29940,29942],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,29933,28298],{"class":46},[40,29935,51],{"class":50},[40,29937,11535],{"class":46},[40,29939,289],{"class":54},[40,29941,28307],{"class":91},[40,29943,8413],{"class":54},[40,29945,29946,29948,29950,29952],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,29947,101],{"class":84},[40,29949,88],{"class":54},[40,29951,23072],{"class":91},[40,29953,95],{"class":54},[20,29955,29956],{},"Or with unpacking:",[31,29958,29960],{"className":33,"code":29959,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29961,29962,29980,29990],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,29963,29964,29966,29968,29970,29972,29974,29976,29978],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,29965,14609],{"class":46},[40,29967,62],{"class":54},[40,29969,21345],{"class":46},[40,29971,51],{"class":50},[40,29973,11535],{"class":46},[40,29975,289],{"class":54},[40,29977,28307],{"class":91},[40,29979,8413],{"class":54},[40,29981,29982,29984,29986,29988],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,29983,101],{"class":84},[40,29985,88],{"class":54},[40,29987,14609],{"class":91},[40,29989,95],{"class":54},[40,29991,29992,29994,29996,29998],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,29993,101],{"class":84},[40,29995,88],{"class":54},[40,29997,2255],{"class":91},[40,29999,95],{"class":54},[129,30001,1636],{"id":1635},[792,30003,1650,30005,4923],{"id":30004},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30006,12539],{},[20,30008,30009,30010,289],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30011,30012],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[792,30014,12474,30016,30018],{"id":30015},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30017,12539],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30020,30021],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[792,30023,30025,30026,30028],{"id":30024},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30027,12539],{}," removes?",[20,30030,1677,30031,30035],{},[282,30032,30033],{"href":12336},[15,30034,12532],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[792,30037,12474,30039,14664],{"id":30038},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30040,12539],{},[20,30042,30043],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[792,30045,30047,30048,30050],{"id":30046},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30049,12539],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30052,30053,30054,30056,30057,289],{},"It raises ",[15,30055,19448],{}," with the message ",[15,30058,29457],{},[129,30060,1687],{"id":1686},[134,30062,30063,30070,30076,30082,30088,30095,30099,30103],{},[137,30064,30065],{},[282,30066,30067,30069],{"href":12336},[15,30068,12532],{}," method for dictionaries",[137,30071,30072],{},[282,30073,30074,30069],{"href":16840},[15,30075,16843],{},[137,30077,30078],{},[282,30079,30080,30069],{"href":16827},[15,30081,16830],{},[137,30083,30084],{},[282,30085,30086,30069],{"href":16833},[15,30087,16836],{},[137,30089,30090],{},[282,30091,30093,30069],{"href":30092},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30094,11090],{},[137,30096,30097],{},[282,30098,12556],{"href":12343},[137,30100,30101],{},[282,30102,21218],{"href":16364},[137,30104,30105],{},[282,30106,30107,30108],{"href":29621},"Fix ",[15,30109,29624],{},[1715,30111,30112],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":30114},[30115,30116,30118,30119,30120,30121,30122,30123,30128,30133,30135,30136,30148],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":28394,"depth":76,"text":30117},"What popitem() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":28464,"depth":76,"text":28465},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":28817,"depth":76,"text":28818},{"id":29009,"depth":76,"text":29010},{"id":29137,"depth":76,"text":30124,"children":30125},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30126,30127],{"id":28307,"depth":98,"text":12539},{"id":26002,"depth":98,"text":12532},{"id":29406,"depth":76,"text":29407,"children":30129},[30130,30131],{"id":29463,"depth":98,"text":29464},{"id":29538,"depth":98,"text":30132},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29627,"depth":76,"text":30134},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":30137},[30138,30140,30142,30144,30146],{"id":30004,"depth":98,"text":30139},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30015,"depth":98,"text":30141},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30024,"depth":98,"text":30143},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30038,"depth":98,"text":30145},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30046,"depth":98,"text":30147},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28133,"description":30149},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30156,"title":30157,"body":30158,"description":32061,"extension":1746,"meta":32062,"navigation":360,"path":13800,"seo":32063,"stem":32064,"__hash__":32065},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30159,"toc":32033},[30160,30165,30170,30173,30175,30272,30277,30282,30287,30290,30298,30301,30316,30318,30418,30420,30477,30481,30483,30486,30506,30511,30522,30525,30552,30555,30557,30614,30616,30637,30643,30648,30651,30662,30664,30772,30774,30827,30829,30841,30848,30854,30859,30862,30950,30952,30997,31000,31008,31011,31014,31083,31086,31089,31093,31096,31167,31169,31222,31225,31228,31231,31246,31249,31261,31264,31327,31329,31335,31337,31339,31418,31420,31461,31463,31528,31530,31567,31572,31577,31581,31595,31598,31721,31723,31808,31813,31815,31819,31841,31844,31924,31927,31946,31951,31953,31959,31964,31970,31973,31979,31982,31988,31993,31999,32005,32007,32030],[10,30161,11087,30163,11091],{"id":30162},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30164,14722],{},[20,30166,606,30167,30169],{},[15,30168,14722],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30171,30172],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[129,30174,1787],{"id":1786},[31,30176,30178],{"className":33,"code":30177,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30179,30180,30216,30257,30267],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30181,30182,30184,30186,30188,30190,30192,30194,30196,30198,30200,30202,30204,30206,30208,30210,30212,30214],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30183,12971],{"class":46},[40,30185,51],{"class":50},[40,30187,10260],{"class":54},[40,30189,213],{"class":212},[40,30191,7446],{"class":216},[40,30193,213],{"class":212},[40,30195,2669],{"class":54},[40,30197,224],{"class":212},[40,30199,1517],{"class":216},[40,30201,213],{"class":212},[40,30203,62],{"class":54},[40,30205,224],{"class":212},[40,30207,9069],{"class":216},[40,30209,213],{"class":212},[40,30211,2669],{"class":54},[40,30213,65],{"class":58},[40,30215,9079],{"class":54},[40,30217,30218,30220,30222,30225,30227,30229,30231,30233,30235,30238,30240,30242,30244,30246,30248,30250,30252,30254],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,30219,17072],{"class":46},[40,30221,289],{"class":54},[40,30223,30224],{"class":91},"update",[40,30226,5308],{"class":54},[40,30228,213],{"class":212},[40,30230,9069],{"class":216},[40,30232,213],{"class":212},[40,30234,2669],{"class":54},[40,30236,30237],{"class":58}," 21",[40,30239,62],{"class":54},[40,30241,224],{"class":212},[40,30243,10178],{"class":216},[40,30245,213],{"class":212},[40,30247,2669],{"class":54},[40,30249,224],{"class":212},[40,30251,15798],{"class":216},[40,30253,213],{"class":212},[40,30255,30256],{"class":54},"})\n",[40,30258,30259,30261,30263,30265],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,30260,101],{"class":84},[40,30262,88],{"class":54},[40,30264,17072],{"class":91},[40,30266,95],{"class":54},[40,30268,30269],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,30270,30271],{"class":3449},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30273,123,30274,30276],{},[15,30275,14722],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[129,30278,158,30280,3466],{"id":30279},"what-update-does",[15,30281,14722],{},[20,30283,30284,30286],{},[15,30285,14722],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30288,30289],{},"It can do two main things:",[134,30291,30292,30295],{},[137,30293,30294],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[137,30296,30297],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30299,30300],{},"Important things to know:",[134,30302,30303,30306,30309,30313],{},[137,30304,30305],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[137,30307,30308],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[137,30310,1657,30311],{},[15,30312,3565],{},[137,30314,30315],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30317,195],{},[31,30319,30321],{"className":33,"code":30320,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30322,30323,30365,30408],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30324,30325,30327,30329,30331,30333,30335,30337,30339,30341,30344,30346,30348,30350,30352,30354,30356,30358,30361,30363],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30326,12633],{"class":46},[40,30328,51],{"class":50},[40,30330,10260],{"class":54},[40,30332,213],{"class":212},[40,30334,7446],{"class":216},[40,30336,213],{"class":212},[40,30338,2669],{"class":54},[40,30340,224],{"class":212},[40,30342,30343],{"class":216},"Mira",[40,30345,213],{"class":212},[40,30347,62],{"class":54},[40,30349,224],{"class":212},[40,30351,19652],{"class":216},[40,30353,213],{"class":212},[40,30355,2669],{"class":54},[40,30357,224],{"class":212},[40,30359,30360],{"class":216},"B",[40,30362,213],{"class":212},[40,30364,9079],{"class":54},[40,30366,30367,30369,30371,30373,30375,30377,30379,30381,30383,30385,30387,30389,30391,30393,30395,30397,30399,30401,30404,30406],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,30368,13393],{"class":46},[40,30370,289],{"class":54},[40,30372,30224],{"class":91},[40,30374,5308],{"class":54},[40,30376,213],{"class":212},[40,30378,19652],{"class":216},[40,30380,213],{"class":212},[40,30382,2669],{"class":54},[40,30384,224],{"class":212},[40,30386,22006],{"class":216},[40,30388,213],{"class":212},[40,30390,62],{"class":54},[40,30392,224],{"class":212},[40,30394,10178],{"class":216},[40,30396,213],{"class":212},[40,30398,2669],{"class":54},[40,30400,224],{"class":212},[40,30402,30403],{"class":216},"Quito",[40,30405,213],{"class":212},[40,30407,30256],{"class":54},[40,30409,30410,30412,30414,30416],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,30411,101],{"class":84},[40,30413,88],{"class":54},[40,30415,13393],{"class":91},[40,30417,95],{"class":54},[20,30419,111],{},[31,30421,30423],{"className":33,"code":30422,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30424,30425],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30426,30427,30429,30431,30433,30435,30437,30439,30441,30443,30445,30447,30449,30451,30453,30455,30457,30459,30461,30463,30465,30467,30469,30471,30473,30475],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30428,9048],{"class":54},[40,30430,3087],{"class":212},[40,30432,7446],{"class":216},[40,30434,3087],{"class":212},[40,30436,2669],{"class":54},[40,30438,3082],{"class":212},[40,30440,30343],{"class":216},[40,30442,3087],{"class":212},[40,30444,62],{"class":54},[40,30446,3082],{"class":212},[40,30448,19652],{"class":216},[40,30450,3087],{"class":212},[40,30452,2669],{"class":54},[40,30454,3082],{"class":212},[40,30456,22006],{"class":216},[40,30458,3087],{"class":212},[40,30460,62],{"class":54},[40,30462,3082],{"class":212},[40,30464,10178],{"class":216},[40,30466,3087],{"class":212},[40,30468,2669],{"class":54},[40,30470,3082],{"class":212},[40,30472,30403],{"class":216},[40,30474,3087],{"class":212},[40,30476,9079],{"class":54},[20,30478,8923,30479,289],{},[282,30480,24390],{"href":9160},[129,30482,1940],{"id":1939},[20,30484,30485],{},"The basic form is:",[31,30487,30489],{"className":33,"code":30488,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30490,30491],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30492,30493,30495,30497,30499,30501,30504],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30494,15371],{"class":46},[40,30496,289],{"class":54},[40,30498,30224],{"class":91},[40,30500,88],{"class":54},[40,30502,30503],{"class":91},"other",[40,30505,95],{"class":54},[20,30507,30508,30510],{},[15,30509,30503],{}," can be:",[134,30512,30513,30516,30519],{},[137,30514,30515],{},"Another dictionary",[137,30517,30518],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[137,30520,30521],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30523,30524],{},"You can also use:",[31,30526,30528],{"className":33,"code":30527,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30529,30530],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30531,30532,30534,30536,30538,30540,30542,30544,30546,30548,30550],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30533,15371],{"class":46},[40,30535,289],{"class":54},[40,30537,30224],{"class":91},[40,30539,88],{"class":54},[40,30541,7446],{"class":8946},[40,30543,51],{"class":50},[40,30545,213],{"class":212},[40,30547,7455],{"class":216},[40,30549,213],{"class":212},[40,30551,95],{"class":54},[20,30553,30554],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30556,195],{},[31,30558,30560],{"className":33,"code":30559,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30561,30562,30582,30604],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30563,30564,30566,30568,30570,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30565,650],{"class":46},[40,30567,51],{"class":50},[40,30569,10260],{"class":54},[40,30571,213],{"class":212},[40,30573,282],{"class":216},[40,30575,213],{"class":212},[40,30577,2669],{"class":54},[40,30579,1226],{"class":58},[40,30581,9079],{"class":54},[40,30583,30584,30586,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596,30598,30600,30602],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,30585,703],{"class":46},[40,30587,289],{"class":54},[40,30589,30224],{"class":91},[40,30591,5308],{"class":54},[40,30593,213],{"class":212},[40,30595,282],{"class":216},[40,30597,213],{"class":212},[40,30599,2669],{"class":54},[40,30601,5781],{"class":58},[40,30603,30256],{"class":54},[40,30605,30606,30608,30610,30612],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,30607,101],{"class":84},[40,30609,88],{"class":54},[40,30611,703],{"class":91},[40,30613,95],{"class":54},[20,30615,111],{},[31,30617,30619],{"className":33,"code":30618,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30620,30621],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30622,30623,30625,30627,30629,30631,30633,30635],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30624,9048],{"class":54},[40,30626,3087],{"class":212},[40,30628,282],{"class":216},[40,30630,3087],{"class":212},[40,30632,2669],{"class":54},[40,30634,5781],{"class":58},[40,30636,9079],{"class":54},[129,30638,795,30640,30642],{"id":30639},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30641,14722],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30644,30645,30646,289],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30647,14722],{},[20,30649,30650],{},"It is useful when:",[134,30652,30653,30656,30659],{},[137,30654,30655],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[137,30657,30658],{},"Adding extra settings",[137,30660,30661],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30663,195],{},[31,30665,30667],{"className":33,"code":30666,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30668,30669,30706,30743,30747,30762],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30670,30671,30673,30675,30677,30679,30681,30683,30685,30687,30689,30691,30693,30695,30697,30699,30701,30704],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30672,13593],{"class":46},[40,30674,51],{"class":50},[40,30676,10260],{"class":54},[40,30678,213],{"class":212},[40,30680,12264],{"class":216},[40,30682,213],{"class":212},[40,30684,2669],{"class":54},[40,30686,224],{"class":212},[40,30688,20689],{"class":216},[40,30690,213],{"class":212},[40,30692,62],{"class":54},[40,30694,224],{"class":212},[40,30696,13618],{"class":216},[40,30698,213],{"class":212},[40,30700,2669],{"class":54},[40,30702,30703],{"class":58}," 12",[40,30705,9079],{"class":54},[40,30707,30708,30711,30713,30715,30717,30719,30721,30723,30725,30727,30729,30731,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,30709,30710],{"class":46},"new_settings ",[40,30712,51],{"class":50},[40,30714,10260],{"class":54},[40,30716,213],{"class":212},[40,30718,13618],{"class":216},[40,30720,213],{"class":212},[40,30722,2669],{"class":54},[40,30724,13625],{"class":58},[40,30726,62],{"class":54},[40,30728,224],{"class":212},[40,30730,19884],{"class":216},[40,30732,213],{"class":212},[40,30734,2669],{"class":54},[40,30736,224],{"class":212},[40,30738,19918],{"class":216},[40,30740,213],{"class":212},[40,30742,9079],{"class":54},[40,30744,30745],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,30746,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,30748,30749,30751,30753,30755,30757,30760],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,30750,13652],{"class":46},[40,30752,289],{"class":54},[40,30754,30224],{"class":91},[40,30756,88],{"class":54},[40,30758,30759],{"class":91},"new_settings",[40,30761,95],{"class":54},[40,30763,30764,30766,30768,30770],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,30765,101],{"class":84},[40,30767,88],{"class":54},[40,30769,13652],{"class":91},[40,30771,95],{"class":54},[20,30773,111],{},[31,30775,30777],{"className":33,"code":30776,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30778,30779],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30780,30781,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30782,9048],{"class":54},[40,30784,3087],{"class":212},[40,30786,12264],{"class":216},[40,30788,3087],{"class":212},[40,30790,2669],{"class":54},[40,30792,3082],{"class":212},[40,30794,20689],{"class":216},[40,30796,3087],{"class":212},[40,30798,62],{"class":54},[40,30800,3082],{"class":212},[40,30802,13618],{"class":216},[40,30804,3087],{"class":212},[40,30806,2669],{"class":54},[40,30808,13625],{"class":58},[40,30810,62],{"class":54},[40,30812,3082],{"class":212},[40,30814,19884],{"class":216},[40,30816,3087],{"class":212},[40,30818,2669],{"class":54},[40,30820,3082],{"class":212},[40,30822,19918],{"class":216},[40,30824,3087],{"class":212},[40,30826,9079],{"class":54},[20,30828,13176],{},[134,30830,30831,30836],{},[137,30832,30833,30835],{},[15,30834,13618],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[137,30837,30838,30840],{},[15,30839,19884],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30842,30843,30844,289],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[282,30845,30847],{"href":30846},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[129,30849,795,30851,30853],{"id":30850},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30852,14722],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30855,30856,30858],{},[15,30857,14722],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30860,30861],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[31,30863,30865],{"className":33,"code":30864,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30866,30867,30887,30922,30926,30940],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30868,30869,30871,30873,30875,30877,30879,30881,30883,30885],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30870,4842],{"class":46},[40,30872,51],{"class":50},[40,30874,10260],{"class":54},[40,30876,213],{"class":212},[40,30878,18179],{"class":216},[40,30880,213],{"class":212},[40,30882,2669],{"class":54},[40,30884,19659],{"class":58},[40,30886,9079],{"class":54},[40,30888,30889,30891,30893,30895,30897,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911,30914,30916,30918,30920],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,30890,8985],{"class":46},[40,30892,51],{"class":50},[40,30894,8990],{"class":54},[40,30896,213],{"class":212},[40,30898,18188],{"class":216},[40,30900,213],{"class":212},[40,30902,62],{"class":54},[40,30904,13274],{"class":58},[40,30906,9003],{"class":54},[40,30908,9006],{"class":54},[40,30910,213],{"class":212},[40,30912,30913],{"class":216},"english",[40,30915,213],{"class":212},[40,30917,62],{"class":54},[40,30919,28680],{"class":58},[40,30921,9019],{"class":54},[40,30923,30924],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,30925,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,30927,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936,30938],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,30929,16156],{"class":46},[40,30931,289],{"class":54},[40,30933,30224],{"class":91},[40,30935,88],{"class":54},[40,30937,9032],{"class":91},[40,30939,95],{"class":54},[40,30941,30942,30944,30946,30948],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,30943,101],{"class":84},[40,30945,88],{"class":54},[40,30947,16156],{"class":91},[40,30949,95],{"class":54},[20,30951,111],{},[31,30953,30955],{"className":33,"code":30954,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30956,30957],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,30958,30959,30961,30963,30965,30967,30969,30971,30973,30975,30977,30979,30981,30983,30985,30987,30989,30991,30993,30995],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,30960,9048],{"class":54},[40,30962,3087],{"class":212},[40,30964,18179],{"class":216},[40,30966,3087],{"class":212},[40,30968,2669],{"class":54},[40,30970,19659],{"class":58},[40,30972,62],{"class":54},[40,30974,3082],{"class":212},[40,30976,18188],{"class":216},[40,30978,3087],{"class":212},[40,30980,2669],{"class":54},[40,30982,13274],{"class":58},[40,30984,62],{"class":54},[40,30986,3082],{"class":212},[40,30988,30913],{"class":216},[40,30990,3087],{"class":212},[40,30992,2669],{"class":54},[40,30994,28680],{"class":58},[40,30996,9079],{"class":54},[20,30998,30999],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[134,31001,31002,31005],{},[137,31003,31004],{},"The key",[137,31006,31007],{},"The value",[20,31009,31010],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31012,31013],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[31,31015,31017],{"className":33,"code":31016,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31018,31019,31039,31064,31068],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31020,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029,31031,31033,31035,31037],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31022,650],{"class":46},[40,31024,51],{"class":50},[40,31026,10260],{"class":54},[40,31028,213],{"class":212},[40,31030,282],{"class":216},[40,31032,213],{"class":212},[40,31034,2669],{"class":54},[40,31036,1226],{"class":58},[40,31038,9079],{"class":54},[40,31040,31041,31044,31046,31048,31050,31052,31054,31056,31058,31060,31062],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,31042,31043],{"class":46},"bad_pairs ",[40,31045,51],{"class":50},[40,31047,8990],{"class":54},[40,31049,213],{"class":212},[40,31051,1017],{"class":216},[40,31053,213],{"class":212},[40,31055,62],{"class":54},[40,31057,663],{"class":58},[40,31059,62],{"class":54},[40,31061,749],{"class":58},[40,31063,9019],{"class":54},[40,31065,31066],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,31067,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,31069,31070,31072,31074,31076,31078,31081],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,31071,703],{"class":46},[40,31073,289],{"class":54},[40,31075,30224],{"class":91},[40,31077,88],{"class":54},[40,31079,31080],{"class":91},"bad_pairs",[40,31082,95],{"class":54},[20,31084,31085],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31087,31088],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[129,31090,31092],{"id":31091},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31094,31095],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[31,31097,31099],{"className":33,"code":31098,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31100,31101,31125,31157],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31102,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31104,11258],{"class":46},[40,31106,51],{"class":50},[40,31108,10260],{"class":54},[40,31110,213],{"class":212},[40,31112,7446],{"class":216},[40,31114,213],{"class":212},[40,31116,2669],{"class":54},[40,31118,224],{"class":212},[40,31120,28673],{"class":216},[40,31122,213],{"class":212},[40,31124,9079],{"class":54},[40,31126,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141,31143,31146,31148,31150,31153,31155],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,31128,11352],{"class":46},[40,31130,289],{"class":54},[40,31132,30224],{"class":91},[40,31134,88],{"class":54},[40,31136,9069],{"class":8946},[40,31138,51],{"class":50},[40,31140,8964],{"class":58},[40,31142,62],{"class":54},[40,31144,31145],{"class":8946}," city",[40,31147,51],{"class":50},[40,31149,213],{"class":212},[40,31151,31152],{"class":216},"Madrid",[40,31154,213],{"class":212},[40,31156,95],{"class":54},[40,31158,31159,31161,31163,31165],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,31160,101],{"class":84},[40,31162,88],{"class":54},[40,31164,11352],{"class":91},[40,31166,95],{"class":54},[20,31168,111],{},[31,31170,31172],{"className":33,"code":31171,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31173,31174],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31175,31176,31178,31180,31182,31184,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31177,9048],{"class":54},[40,31179,3087],{"class":212},[40,31181,7446],{"class":216},[40,31183,3087],{"class":212},[40,31185,2669],{"class":54},[40,31187,3082],{"class":212},[40,31189,28673],{"class":216},[40,31191,3087],{"class":212},[40,31193,62],{"class":54},[40,31195,3082],{"class":212},[40,31197,9069],{"class":216},[40,31199,3087],{"class":212},[40,31201,2669],{"class":54},[40,31203,9076],{"class":58},[40,31205,62],{"class":54},[40,31207,3082],{"class":212},[40,31209,10178],{"class":216},[40,31211,3087],{"class":212},[40,31213,2669],{"class":54},[40,31215,3082],{"class":212},[40,31217,31152],{"class":216},[40,31219,3087],{"class":212},[40,31221,9079],{"class":54},[20,31223,31224],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31226,31227],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31229,31230],{},"These work:",[134,31232,31233,31237,31241],{},[137,31234,31235],{},[15,31236,9069],{},[137,31238,31239],{},[15,31240,10178],{},[137,31242,31243],{},[15,31244,31245],{},"first_name",[20,31247,31248],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[134,31250,31251,31256],{},[137,31252,31253],{},[15,31254,31255],{},"\"first name\"",[137,31257,31258],{},[15,31259,31260],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31262,31263],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[31,31265,31267],{"className":33,"code":31266,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31268,31269,31277,31317],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31270,31271,31273,31275],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31272,11258],{"class":46},[40,31274,51],{"class":50},[40,31276,9607],{"class":54},[40,31278,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293,31295,31297,31299,31301,31303,31305,31308,31310,31312,31315],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,31280,11352],{"class":46},[40,31282,289],{"class":54},[40,31284,30224],{"class":91},[40,31286,5308],{"class":54},[40,31288,213],{"class":212},[40,31290,10282],{"class":216},[40,31292,213],{"class":212},[40,31294,2669],{"class":54},[40,31296,224],{"class":212},[40,31298,28673],{"class":216},[40,31300,213],{"class":212},[40,31302,62],{"class":54},[40,31304,224],{"class":212},[40,31306,31307],{"class":216},"user-id",[40,31309,213],{"class":212},[40,31311,2669],{"class":54},[40,31313,31314],{"class":58}," 1001",[40,31316,30256],{"class":54},[40,31318,31319,31321,31323,31325],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,31320,101],{"class":84},[40,31322,88],{"class":54},[40,31324,11352],{"class":91},[40,31326,95],{"class":54},[129,31328,17184],{"id":17183},[20,31330,31331,398,31333,289],{},[15,31332,14722],{},[15,31334,3565],{},[20,31336,13816],{},[20,31338,24470],{},[31,31340,31342],{"className":33,"code":31341,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31343,31344,31368,31394,31398,31408],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31345,31346,31348,31350,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31347,12971],{"class":46},[40,31349,51],{"class":50},[40,31351,10260],{"class":54},[40,31353,213],{"class":212},[40,31355,7446],{"class":216},[40,31357,213],{"class":212},[40,31359,2669],{"class":54},[40,31361,224],{"class":212},[40,31363,1517],{"class":216},[40,31365,213],{"class":212},[40,31367,9079],{"class":54},[40,31369,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,31371,2013],{"class":46},[40,31373,51],{"class":50},[40,31375,13014],{"class":46},[40,31377,289],{"class":54},[40,31379,30224],{"class":91},[40,31381,5308],{"class":54},[40,31383,213],{"class":212},[40,31385,9069],{"class":216},[40,31387,213],{"class":212},[40,31389,2669],{"class":54},[40,31391,65],{"class":58},[40,31393,30256],{"class":54},[40,31395,31396],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,31397,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,31399,31400,31402,31404,31406],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,31401,101],{"class":84},[40,31403,88],{"class":54},[40,31405,2048],{"class":91},[40,31407,95],{"class":54},[40,31409,31410,31412,31414,31416],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,31411,101],{"class":84},[40,31413,88],{"class":54},[40,31415,17072],{"class":91},[40,31417,95],{"class":54},[20,31419,111],{},[31,31421,31423],{"className":33,"code":31422,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31424,31425,31429],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31426,31427],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31428,11577],{"class":1494},[40,31430,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439,31441,31443,31445,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,31432,9048],{"class":54},[40,31434,3087],{"class":212},[40,31436,7446],{"class":216},[40,31438,3087],{"class":212},[40,31440,2669],{"class":54},[40,31442,3082],{"class":212},[40,31444,1517],{"class":216},[40,31446,3087],{"class":212},[40,31448,62],{"class":54},[40,31450,3082],{"class":212},[40,31452,9069],{"class":216},[40,31454,3087],{"class":212},[40,31456,2669],{"class":54},[40,31458,65],{"class":58},[40,31460,9079],{"class":54},[20,31462,850],{},[31,31464,31466],{"className":33,"code":31465,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31467,31468,31492,31514,31518],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31469,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31471,12971],{"class":46},[40,31473,51],{"class":50},[40,31475,10260],{"class":54},[40,31477,213],{"class":212},[40,31479,7446],{"class":216},[40,31481,213],{"class":212},[40,31483,2669],{"class":54},[40,31485,224],{"class":212},[40,31487,1517],{"class":216},[40,31489,213],{"class":212},[40,31491,9079],{"class":54},[40,31493,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,31495,17072],{"class":46},[40,31497,289],{"class":54},[40,31499,30224],{"class":91},[40,31501,5308],{"class":54},[40,31503,213],{"class":212},[40,31505,9069],{"class":216},[40,31507,213],{"class":212},[40,31509,2669],{"class":54},[40,31511,65],{"class":58},[40,31513,30256],{"class":54},[40,31515,31516],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,31517,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,31519,31520,31522,31524,31526],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,31521,101],{"class":84},[40,31523,88],{"class":54},[40,31525,17072],{"class":91},[40,31527,95],{"class":54},[20,31529,111],{},[31,31531,31533],{"className":33,"code":31532,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31534,31535],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31536,31537,31539,31541,31543,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31538,9048],{"class":54},[40,31540,3087],{"class":212},[40,31542,7446],{"class":216},[40,31544,3087],{"class":212},[40,31546,2669],{"class":54},[40,31548,3082],{"class":212},[40,31550,1517],{"class":216},[40,31552,3087],{"class":212},[40,31554,62],{"class":54},[40,31556,3082],{"class":212},[40,31558,9069],{"class":216},[40,31560,3087],{"class":212},[40,31562,2669],{"class":54},[40,31564,65],{"class":58},[40,31566,9079],{"class":54},[20,31568,31569,31570,289],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[282,31571,17668],{"href":10500},[129,31573,1345,31575],{"id":31574},"when-to-use-update",[15,31576,14722],{},[20,31578,123,31579,10371],{},[15,31580,14722],{},[134,31582,31583,31586,31589,31592],{},[137,31584,31585],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[137,31587,31588],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[137,31590,31591],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[137,31593,31594],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31596,31597],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[31,31599,31601],{"className":33,"code":31600,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31602,31603,31639,31654,31658,31697,31701,31711],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31604,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631,31633,31635,31637],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31606,11855],{"class":46},[40,31608,51],{"class":50},[40,31610,10260],{"class":54},[40,31612,213],{"class":212},[40,31614,7446],{"class":216},[40,31616,213],{"class":212},[40,31618,2669],{"class":54},[40,31620,224],{"class":212},[40,31622,1517],{"class":216},[40,31624,213],{"class":212},[40,31626,62],{"class":54},[40,31628,224],{"class":212},[40,31630,9069],{"class":216},[40,31632,213],{"class":212},[40,31634,2669],{"class":54},[40,31636,65],{"class":58},[40,31638,9079],{"class":54},[40,31640,31641,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,31642,31643],{"class":46},"updated ",[40,31645,51],{"class":50},[40,31647,11930],{"class":46},[40,31649,289],{"class":54},[40,31651,12680],{"class":91},[40,31653,8413],{"class":54},[40,31655,31656],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,31657,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,31659,31660,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683,31685,31687,31689,31691,31693,31695],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,31661,31662],{"class":46},"updated",[40,31664,289],{"class":54},[40,31666,30224],{"class":91},[40,31668,5308],{"class":54},[40,31670,213],{"class":212},[40,31672,9069],{"class":216},[40,31674,213],{"class":212},[40,31676,2669],{"class":54},[40,31678,30237],{"class":58},[40,31680,62],{"class":54},[40,31682,224],{"class":212},[40,31684,10178],{"class":216},[40,31686,213],{"class":212},[40,31688,2669],{"class":54},[40,31690,224],{"class":212},[40,31692,15798],{"class":216},[40,31694,213],{"class":212},[40,31696,30256],{"class":54},[40,31698,31699],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,31700,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,31702,31703,31705,31707,31709],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,31704,101],{"class":84},[40,31706,88],{"class":54},[40,31708,11902],{"class":91},[40,31710,95],{"class":54},[40,31712,31713,31715,31717,31719],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,31714,101],{"class":84},[40,31716,88],{"class":54},[40,31718,31662],{"class":91},[40,31720,95],{"class":54},[20,31722,111],{},[31,31724,31726],{"className":33,"code":31725,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31727,31728,31760],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31729,31730,31732,31734,31736,31738,31740,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754,31756,31758],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31731,9048],{"class":54},[40,31733,3087],{"class":212},[40,31735,7446],{"class":216},[40,31737,3087],{"class":212},[40,31739,2669],{"class":54},[40,31741,3082],{"class":212},[40,31743,1517],{"class":216},[40,31745,3087],{"class":212},[40,31747,62],{"class":54},[40,31749,3082],{"class":212},[40,31751,9069],{"class":216},[40,31753,3087],{"class":212},[40,31755,2669],{"class":54},[40,31757,65],{"class":58},[40,31759,9079],{"class":54},[40,31761,31762,31764,31766,31768,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778,31780,31782,31784,31786,31788,31790,31792,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,31763,9048],{"class":54},[40,31765,3087],{"class":212},[40,31767,7446],{"class":216},[40,31769,3087],{"class":212},[40,31771,2669],{"class":54},[40,31773,3082],{"class":212},[40,31775,1517],{"class":216},[40,31777,3087],{"class":212},[40,31779,62],{"class":54},[40,31781,3082],{"class":212},[40,31783,9069],{"class":216},[40,31785,3087],{"class":212},[40,31787,2669],{"class":54},[40,31789,30237],{"class":58},[40,31791,62],{"class":54},[40,31793,3082],{"class":212},[40,31795,10178],{"class":216},[40,31797,3087],{"class":212},[40,31799,2669],{"class":54},[40,31801,3082],{"class":212},[40,31803,15798],{"class":216},[40,31805,3087],{"class":212},[40,31807,9079],{"class":54},[20,31809,31810,31811,289],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[282,31812,16365],{"href":16364},[129,31814,2613],{"id":2612},[20,31816,10517,31817,2669],{},[15,31818,14722],{},[134,31820,31821,31828,31832,31835,31838],{},[137,31822,12364,31823,31825,31826],{},[15,31824,14722],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31827,3565],{},[137,31829,8223,31830,12372],{},[15,31831,14722],{},[137,31833,31834],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[137,31836,31837],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[137,31839,31840],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31842,31843],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[31,31845,31847],{"className":33,"code":31846,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31848,31849,31859,31873,31887,31909],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,31850,31851,31853,31855,31857],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,31852,101],{"class":84},[40,31854,88],{"class":54},[40,31856,11219],{"class":91},[40,31858,95],{"class":54},[40,31860,31861,31863,31865,31867,31869,31871],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,31862,101],{"class":84},[40,31864,88],{"class":54},[40,31866,1297],{"class":609},[40,31868,88],{"class":54},[40,31870,703],{"class":91},[40,31872,256],{"class":54},[40,31874,31875,31877,31879,31881,31883,31885],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,31876,101],{"class":84},[40,31878,88],{"class":54},[40,31880,610],{"class":609},[40,31882,88],{"class":54},[40,31884,703],{"class":91},[40,31886,256],{"class":54},[40,31888,31889,31891,31893,31895,31897,31899,31901,31903,31905,31907],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,31890,101],{"class":84},[40,31892,88],{"class":54},[40,31894,11219],{"class":91},[40,31896,289],{"class":54},[40,31898,19511],{"class":91},[40,31900,88],{"class":54},[40,31902,3087],{"class":212},[40,31904,14609],{"class":216},[40,31906,3087],{"class":212},[40,31908,256],{"class":54},[40,31910,31911,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,31912,31913],{"class":84},"help",[40,31915,88],{"class":54},[40,31917,8592],{"class":609},[40,31919,289],{"class":54},[40,31921,30224],{"class":24512},[40,31923,95],{"class":54},[20,31925,31926],{},"These can help you check:",[134,31928,31929,31932,31937,31940,31943],{},[137,31930,31931],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[137,31933,31934,31935],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31936,14722],{},[137,31938,31939],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[137,31941,31942],{},"Whether a key exists",[137,31944,31945],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31947,31948,31949,289],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[282,31950,11031],{"href":10844},[129,31952,1636],{"id":1635},[792,31954,12474,31956,31958],{"id":31955},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31957,14722],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31960,31961,31962,289],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31963,3565],{},[792,31965,12474,31967,31969],{"id":31966},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31968,14722],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31971,31972],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[792,31974,4947,31976,31978],{"id":31975},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31977,14722],{}," add new keys?",[20,31980,31981],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[792,31983,1671,31985,31987],{"id":31984},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31986,14722],{}," with a list?",[20,31989,31990,31991,289],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31992,10864],{},[792,31994,4957,31996,31998],{"id":31995},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31997,14722],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32000,32001,32002,32004],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32003,14722],{}," can change many keys at once.",[129,32006,1687],{"id":1686},[134,32008,32009,32013,32017,32022,32026],{},[137,32010,32011],{},[282,32012,25856],{"href":9160},[137,32014,32015],{},[282,32016,11020],{"href":10500},[137,32018,32019],{},[282,32020,32021],{"href":30846},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[137,32023,32024],{},[282,32025,21218],{"href":16364},[137,32027,32028],{},[282,32029,11031],{"href":10844},[1715,32031,32032],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":32034},[32035,32036,32038,32039,32041,32043,32044,32045,32047,32048,32060],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":30279,"depth":76,"text":32037},"What update() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":30639,"depth":76,"text":32040},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30850,"depth":76,"text":32042},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31091,"depth":76,"text":31092},{"id":17183,"depth":76,"text":17184},{"id":31574,"depth":76,"text":32046},"When to use update()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":32049},[32050,32052,32054,32056,32058],{"id":31955,"depth":98,"text":32051},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31966,"depth":98,"text":32053},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31975,"depth":98,"text":32055},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31984,"depth":98,"text":32057},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31995,"depth":98,"text":32059},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30157,"description":32061},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32067,"title":32068,"body":32069,"description":34058,"extension":1746,"meta":34059,"navigation":360,"path":22656,"seo":34060,"stem":34061,"__hash__":34062},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32070,"toc":34021},[32071,32076,32083,32086,32088,32187,32189,32244,32249,32254,32268,32273,32275,32290,32292,32306,32319,32324,32330,32337,32339,32446,32448,32497,32503,32578,32580,32601,32603,32606,32711,32713,32768,32770,32798,32802,32807,32886,32888,32908,32910,32921,32931,32935,32940,33044,33046,33071,33074,33085,33090,33099,33102,33119,33121,33208,33210,33273,33275,33298,33300,33305,33311,33316,33318,33357,33363,33366,33385,33396,33402,33405,33478,33480,33499,33504,33507,33530,33536,33539,33603,33606,33683,33690,33693,33752,33758,33760,33779,33783,33786,33837,33840,33860,33862,33923,33925,33930,33935,33940,33945,33950,33955,33961,33964,33973,33981,33983,34018],[10,32072,11087,32074,11091],{"id":32073},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32075,16836],{},[20,32077,32078,32079,32082],{},"The Python ",[15,32080,32081],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32084,32085],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[129,32087,1787],{"id":1786},[31,32089,32091],{"className":33,"code":32090,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32092,32093,32145,32159,32163,32173],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32094,32095,32097,32099,32101,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117,32119,32121,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32096,12633],{"class":46},[40,32098,51],{"class":50},[40,32100,10260],{"class":54},[40,32102,213],{"class":212},[40,32104,7446],{"class":216},[40,32106,213],{"class":212},[40,32108,2669],{"class":54},[40,32110,224],{"class":212},[40,32112,1517],{"class":216},[40,32114,213],{"class":212},[40,32116,62],{"class":54},[40,32118,224],{"class":212},[40,32120,9069],{"class":216},[40,32122,213],{"class":212},[40,32124,2669],{"class":54},[40,32126,65],{"class":58},[40,32128,62],{"class":54},[40,32130,224],{"class":212},[40,32132,10178],{"class":216},[40,32134,213],{"class":212},[40,32136,2669],{"class":54},[40,32138,224],{"class":212},[40,32140,15798],{"class":216},[40,32142,213],{"class":212},[40,32144,9079],{"class":54},[40,32146,32147,32149,32151,32153,32155,32157],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,32148,3610],{"class":46},[40,32150,51],{"class":50},[40,32152,12675],{"class":46},[40,32154,289],{"class":54},[40,32156,5137],{"class":91},[40,32158,8413],{"class":54},[40,32160,32161],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,32162,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,32164,32165,32167,32169,32171],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,32166,101],{"class":84},[40,32168,88],{"class":54},[40,32170,5137],{"class":91},[40,32172,95],{"class":54},[40,32174,32175,32177,32179,32181,32183,32185],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,32176,101],{"class":84},[40,32178,88],{"class":54},[40,32180,610],{"class":609},[40,32182,88],{"class":54},[40,32184,5137],{"class":91},[40,32186,256],{"class":54},[20,32188,111],{},[31,32190,32192],{"className":33,"code":32191,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32193,32194,32220],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32195,32196,32198,32200,32202,32204,32206,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32197,16803],{"class":91},[40,32199,2771],{"class":54},[40,32201,3087],{"class":212},[40,32203,1517],{"class":216},[40,32205,3087],{"class":212},[40,32207,62],{"class":54},[40,32209,65],{"class":58},[40,32211,62],{"class":54},[40,32213,3082],{"class":212},[40,32215,15798],{"class":216},[40,32217,3087],{"class":212},[40,32219,570],{"class":54},[40,32221,32222,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232,32234,32236,32238,32240,32242],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,32223,565],{"class":54},[40,32225,3087],{"class":212},[40,32227,1517],{"class":216},[40,32229,3087],{"class":212},[40,32231,62],{"class":54},[40,32233,65],{"class":58},[40,32235,62],{"class":54},[40,32237,3082],{"class":212},[40,32239,15798],{"class":216},[40,32241,3087],{"class":212},[40,32243,73],{"class":54},[20,32245,32246,32248],{},[15,32247,16836],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[129,32250,158,32252,3466],{"id":32251},"what-values-does",[15,32253,16836],{},[134,32255,32256,32259,32262,32265],{},[137,32257,32258],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[137,32260,32261],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[137,32263,32264],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[137,32266,32267],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32269,32270,32271,289],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[282,32272,9161],{"href":9160},[129,32274,1940],{"id":1939},[31,32276,32278],{"className":33,"code":32277,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32279,32280],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32281,32282,32284,32286,32288],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32283,11219],{"class":46},[40,32285,289],{"class":54},[40,32287,5137],{"class":91},[40,32289,8413],{"class":54},[20,32291,12821],{},[134,32293,32294,32298,32301],{},[137,32295,32296,11235],{},[15,32297,16836],{},[137,32299,32300],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[137,32302,32303,32304],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32305,16836],{},[20,32307,32308,32309,4176,32314,289],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[282,32310,32311,32313],{"href":16827},[15,32312,16830],{}," for dictionary keys",[282,32315,32316,32318],{"href":16840},[15,32317,16843],{}," for key-value pairs",[129,32320,158,32322,148],{"id":32321},"what-values-returns",[15,32323,16836],{},[20,32325,32326,21736,32328,24526],{},[15,32327,16836],{},[15,32329,16803],{},[20,32331,32332,32333,32336],{},"This object is a ",[183,32334,32335],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32338,195],{},[31,32340,32342],{"className":33,"code":32341,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32343,32344,32380,32384,32399,32410,32414,32436],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32345,32346,32348,32350,32352,32354,32356,32358,32360,32362,32364,32366,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376,32378],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32347,12971],{"class":46},[40,32349,51],{"class":50},[40,32351,10260],{"class":54},[40,32353,213],{"class":212},[40,32355,7446],{"class":216},[40,32357,213],{"class":212},[40,32359,2669],{"class":54},[40,32361,224],{"class":212},[40,32363,7696],{"class":216},[40,32365,213],{"class":212},[40,32367,62],{"class":54},[40,32369,224],{"class":212},[40,32371,9069],{"class":216},[40,32373,213],{"class":212},[40,32375,2669],{"class":54},[40,32377,9076],{"class":58},[40,32379,9079],{"class":54},[40,32381,32382],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,32383,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,32385,32386,32389,32391,32393,32395,32397],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,32387,32388],{"class":46},"values_view ",[40,32390,51],{"class":50},[40,32392,13014],{"class":46},[40,32394,289],{"class":54},[40,32396,5137],{"class":91},[40,32398,8413],{"class":54},[40,32400,32401,32403,32405,32408],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,32402,101],{"class":84},[40,32404,88],{"class":54},[40,32406,32407],{"class":91},"values_view",[40,32409,95],{"class":54},[40,32411,32412],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,32413,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,32415,32416,32418,32420,32422,32424,32426,32428,32430,32432,32434],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,32417,17072],{"class":46},[40,32419,565],{"class":54},[40,32421,213],{"class":212},[40,32423,10178],{"class":216},[40,32425,213],{"class":212},[40,32427,13040],{"class":54},[40,32429,13043],{"class":50},[40,32431,224],{"class":212},[40,32433,30403],{"class":216},[40,32435,3146],{"class":212},[40,32437,32438,32440,32442,32444],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,32439,101],{"class":84},[40,32441,88],{"class":54},[40,32443,32407],{"class":91},[40,32445,95],{"class":54},[20,32447,111],{},[31,32449,32451],{"className":33,"code":32450,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32452,32453,32471],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32454,32455,32457,32459,32461,32463,32465,32467,32469],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32456,16803],{"class":91},[40,32458,2771],{"class":54},[40,32460,3087],{"class":212},[40,32462,7696],{"class":216},[40,32464,3087],{"class":212},[40,32466,62],{"class":54},[40,32468,9076],{"class":58},[40,32470,570],{"class":54},[40,32472,32473,32475,32477,32479,32481,32483,32485,32487,32489,32491,32493,32495],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,32474,16803],{"class":91},[40,32476,2771],{"class":54},[40,32478,3087],{"class":212},[40,32480,7696],{"class":216},[40,32482,3087],{"class":212},[40,32484,62],{"class":54},[40,32486,9076],{"class":58},[40,32488,62],{"class":54},[40,32490,3082],{"class":212},[40,32492,30403],{"class":216},[40,32494,3087],{"class":212},[40,32496,570],{"class":54},[20,32498,32499,32500,289],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32501,32502],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[31,32504,32506],{"className":33,"code":32505,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32507,32508,32544,32563,32567],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32509,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32511,12971],{"class":46},[40,32513,51],{"class":50},[40,32515,10260],{"class":54},[40,32517,213],{"class":212},[40,32519,7446],{"class":216},[40,32521,213],{"class":212},[40,32523,2669],{"class":54},[40,32525,224],{"class":212},[40,32527,7696],{"class":216},[40,32529,213],{"class":212},[40,32531,62],{"class":54},[40,32533,224],{"class":212},[40,32535,9069],{"class":216},[40,32537,213],{"class":212},[40,32539,2669],{"class":54},[40,32541,9076],{"class":58},[40,32543,9079],{"class":54},[40,32545,32546,32549,32551,32553,32555,32557,32559,32561],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,32547,32548],{"class":46},"values_list ",[40,32550,51],{"class":50},[40,32552,22321],{"class":609},[40,32554,88],{"class":54},[40,32556,17072],{"class":91},[40,32558,289],{"class":54},[40,32560,5137],{"class":91},[40,32562,847],{"class":54},[40,32564,32565],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,32566,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,32568,32569,32571,32573,32576],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,32570,101],{"class":84},[40,32572,88],{"class":54},[40,32574,32575],{"class":91},"values_list",[40,32577,95],{"class":54},[20,32579,111],{},[31,32581,32583],{"className":33,"code":32582,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32584,32585],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32586,32587,32589,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32588,565],{"class":54},[40,32590,3087],{"class":212},[40,32592,7696],{"class":216},[40,32594,3087],{"class":212},[40,32596,62],{"class":54},[40,32598,9076],{"class":58},[40,32600,73],{"class":54},[129,32602,11245],{"id":11244},[20,32604,32605],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[31,32607,32609],{"className":33,"code":32608,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32610,32611,32665,32669,32683,32687,32697],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32612,32613,32615,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625,32627,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643,32646,32648,32650,32653,32655,32657,32659,32661,32663],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32614,24558],{"class":46},[40,32616,51],{"class":50},[40,32618,10260],{"class":54},[40,32620,213],{"class":212},[40,32622,24567],{"class":216},[40,32624,213],{"class":212},[40,32626,2669],{"class":54},[40,32628,224],{"class":212},[40,32630,24576],{"class":216},[40,32632,213],{"class":212},[40,32634,62],{"class":54},[40,32636,224],{"class":212},[40,32638,24585],{"class":216},[40,32640,213],{"class":212},[40,32642,2669],{"class":54},[40,32644,32645],{"class":58}," 2022",[40,32647,62],{"class":54},[40,32649,224],{"class":212},[40,32651,32652],{"class":216},"color",[40,32654,213],{"class":212},[40,32656,2669],{"class":54},[40,32658,224],{"class":212},[40,32660,336],{"class":216},[40,32662,213],{"class":212},[40,32664,9079],{"class":54},[40,32666,32667],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,32668,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,32670,32671,32673,32675,32677,32679,32681],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,32672,2013],{"class":46},[40,32674,51],{"class":50},[40,32676,24607],{"class":46},[40,32678,289],{"class":54},[40,32680,5137],{"class":91},[40,32682,8413],{"class":54},[40,32684,32685],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,32686,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,32688,32689,32691,32693,32695],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,32690,101],{"class":84},[40,32692,88],{"class":54},[40,32694,2048],{"class":91},[40,32696,95],{"class":54},[40,32698,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,32700,101],{"class":84},[40,32702,88],{"class":54},[40,32704,610],{"class":609},[40,32706,88],{"class":54},[40,32708,2048],{"class":91},[40,32710,256],{"class":54},[20,32712,111],{},[31,32714,32716],{"className":33,"code":32715,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32717,32718,32744],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32719,32720,32722,32724,32726,32728,32730,32732,32734,32736,32738,32740,32742],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32721,16803],{"class":91},[40,32723,2771],{"class":54},[40,32725,3087],{"class":212},[40,32727,24576],{"class":216},[40,32729,3087],{"class":212},[40,32731,62],{"class":54},[40,32733,32645],{"class":58},[40,32735,62],{"class":54},[40,32737,3082],{"class":212},[40,32739,336],{"class":216},[40,32741,3087],{"class":212},[40,32743,570],{"class":54},[40,32745,32746,32748,32750,32752,32754,32756,32758,32760,32762,32764,32766],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,32747,565],{"class":54},[40,32749,3087],{"class":212},[40,32751,24576],{"class":216},[40,32753,3087],{"class":212},[40,32755,62],{"class":54},[40,32757,32645],{"class":58},[40,32759,62],{"class":54},[40,32761,3082],{"class":212},[40,32763,336],{"class":216},[40,32765,3087],{"class":212},[40,32767,73],{"class":54},[20,32769,385],{},[134,32771,32772,32778,32784,32792],{},[137,32773,32774,32777],{},[15,32775,32776],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[137,32779,32780,32783],{},[15,32781,32782],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[137,32785,32786,32789,32790,24379],{},[15,32787,32788],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32791,16803],{},[137,32793,32794,32797],{},[15,32795,32796],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[129,32799,32801],{"id":32800},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32803,32804,32805,25825],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32806,1548],{},[31,32808,32810],{"className":33,"code":32809,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32811,32812,32856,32860,32876],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32813,32814,32816,32818,32820,32822,32824,32826,32828,32830,32832,32834,32836,32838,32840,32842,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32815,4842],{"class":46},[40,32817,51],{"class":50},[40,32819,10260],{"class":54},[40,32821,213],{"class":212},[40,32823,18179],{"class":216},[40,32825,213],{"class":212},[40,32827,2669],{"class":54},[40,32829,19659],{"class":58},[40,32831,62],{"class":54},[40,32833,224],{"class":212},[40,32835,30913],{"class":216},[40,32837,213],{"class":212},[40,32839,2669],{"class":54},[40,32841,13274],{"class":58},[40,32843,62],{"class":54},[40,32845,224],{"class":212},[40,32847,18188],{"class":216},[40,32849,213],{"class":212},[40,32851,2669],{"class":54},[40,32853,28680],{"class":58},[40,32855,9079],{"class":54},[40,32857,32858],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,32859,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,32861,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,32863,1548],{"class":535},[40,32865,21345],{"class":46},[40,32867,1554],{"class":535},[40,32869,4889],{"class":46},[40,32871,289],{"class":54},[40,32873,5137],{"class":91},[40,32875,21356],{"class":54},[40,32877,32878,32880,32882,32884],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,32879,558],{"class":84},[40,32881,88],{"class":54},[40,32883,2255],{"class":91},[40,32885,95],{"class":54},[20,32887,111],{},[31,32889,32891],{"className":33,"code":32890,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32892,32893,32898,32903],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32894,32895],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32896,32897],{"class":58},"90\n",[40,32899,32900],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,32901,32902],{"class":58},"85\n",[40,32904,32905],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,32906,32907],{"class":58},"88\n",[20,32909,17474],{},[134,32911,32912,32915,32918],{},[137,32913,32914],{},"You only need the values",[137,32916,32917],{},"You do not care about the keys",[137,32919,32920],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32922,32923,32924,2662,32928,289],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[282,32925,10506,32926,10510],{"href":16840},[15,32927,16843],{},[282,32929,22236],{"href":32930},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[129,32932,32934],{"id":32933},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32936,123,32937,32939],{},[15,32938,32502],{}," when you need a list.",[31,32941,32943],{"className":33,"code":32942,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32944,32945,32991,32995,33015,33019,33030],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,32946,32947,32950,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960,32962,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32983,32985,32987,32989],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,32948,32949],{"class":46},"fruit_prices ",[40,32951,51],{"class":50},[40,32953,10260],{"class":54},[40,32955,213],{"class":212},[40,32957,3862],{"class":216},[40,32959,213],{"class":212},[40,32961,2669],{"class":54},[40,32963,663],{"class":58},[40,32965,62],{"class":54},[40,32967,224],{"class":212},[40,32969,3871],{"class":216},[40,32971,213],{"class":212},[40,32973,2669],{"class":54},[40,32975,1226],{"class":58},[40,32977,62],{"class":54},[40,32979,224],{"class":212},[40,32981,32982],{"class":216},"orange",[40,32984,213],{"class":212},[40,32986,2669],{"class":54},[40,32988,749],{"class":58},[40,32990,9079],{"class":54},[40,32992,32993],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,32994,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,32996,32997,33000,33002,33004,33006,33009,33011,33013],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,32998,32999],{"class":46},"price_list ",[40,33001,51],{"class":50},[40,33003,22321],{"class":609},[40,33005,88],{"class":54},[40,33007,33008],{"class":91},"fruit_prices",[40,33010,289],{"class":54},[40,33012,5137],{"class":91},[40,33014,847],{"class":54},[40,33016,33017],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,33018,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,33020,33021,33023,33025,33028],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,33022,101],{"class":84},[40,33024,88],{"class":54},[40,33026,33027],{"class":91},"price_list",[40,33029,95],{"class":54},[40,33031,33032,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,33033,101],{"class":84},[40,33035,88],{"class":54},[40,33037,33027],{"class":91},[40,33039,565],{"class":54},[40,33041,192],{"class":58},[40,33043,570],{"class":54},[20,33045,111],{},[31,33047,33049],{"className":33,"code":33048,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33050,33051,33067],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33052,33053,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33054,565],{"class":54},[40,33056,744],{"class":58},[40,33058,62],{"class":54},[40,33060,1226],{"class":58},[40,33062,62],{"class":54},[40,33064,749],{"class":58},[40,33066,73],{"class":54},[40,33068,33069],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,33070,1489],{"class":58},[20,33072,33073],{},"This is helpful for:",[134,33075,33076,33079,33082],{},[137,33077,33078],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[137,33080,33081],{},"Accessing values by index",[137,33083,33084],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33086,3709,33087,33089],{},[15,33088,16803],{}," is not the same as a list.",[129,33091,33093,10355,33095,10355,33097],{"id":33092},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33094,16836],{},[15,33096,16830],{},[15,33098,16843],{},[20,33100,33101],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[134,33103,33104,33109,33114],{},[137,33105,33106,33108],{},[15,33107,16836],{}," returns only the values",[137,33110,33111,33113],{},[15,33112,16830],{}," returns only the keys",[137,33115,33116,33118],{},[15,33117,16843],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33120,1908],{},[31,33122,33124],{"className":33,"code":33123,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33125,33126,33162,33166,33180,33194],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33127,33128,33130,33132,33134,33136,33138,33140,33142,33144,33146,33148,33150,33152,33154,33156,33158,33160],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33129,12633],{"class":46},[40,33131,51],{"class":50},[40,33133,10260],{"class":54},[40,33135,213],{"class":212},[40,33137,7446],{"class":216},[40,33139,213],{"class":212},[40,33141,2669],{"class":54},[40,33143,224],{"class":212},[40,33145,1517],{"class":216},[40,33147,213],{"class":212},[40,33149,62],{"class":54},[40,33151,224],{"class":212},[40,33153,9069],{"class":216},[40,33155,213],{"class":212},[40,33157,2669],{"class":54},[40,33159,65],{"class":58},[40,33161,9079],{"class":54},[40,33163,33164],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,33165,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,33167,33168,33170,33172,33174,33176,33178],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,33169,101],{"class":84},[40,33171,88],{"class":54},[40,33173,13393],{"class":91},[40,33175,289],{"class":54},[40,33177,16689],{"class":91},[40,33179,847],{"class":54},[40,33181,33182,33184,33186,33188,33190,33192],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,33183,101],{"class":84},[40,33185,88],{"class":54},[40,33187,13393],{"class":91},[40,33189,289],{"class":54},[40,33191,5137],{"class":91},[40,33193,847],{"class":54},[40,33195,33196,33198,33200,33202,33204,33206],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,33197,101],{"class":84},[40,33199,88],{"class":54},[40,33201,13393],{"class":91},[40,33203,289],{"class":54},[40,33205,497],{"class":91},[40,33207,847],{"class":54},[20,33209,111],{},[31,33211,33213],{"className":33,"code":33212,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33214,33215,33237,33255],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33216,33217,33219,33221,33223,33225,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33218,16780],{"class":91},[40,33220,2771],{"class":54},[40,33222,3087],{"class":212},[40,33224,7446],{"class":216},[40,33226,3087],{"class":212},[40,33228,62],{"class":54},[40,33230,3082],{"class":212},[40,33232,9069],{"class":216},[40,33234,3087],{"class":212},[40,33236,570],{"class":54},[40,33238,33239,33241,33243,33245,33247,33249,33251,33253],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,33240,16803],{"class":91},[40,33242,2771],{"class":54},[40,33244,3087],{"class":212},[40,33246,1517],{"class":216},[40,33248,3087],{"class":212},[40,33250,62],{"class":54},[40,33252,65],{"class":58},[40,33254,570],{"class":54},[40,33256,33257,33259,33261,33263,33265,33267,33269,33271],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,33258,21669],{"class":91},[40,33260,9427],{"class":54},[40,33262,3087],{"class":212},[40,33264,7446],{"class":216},[40,33266,3087],{"class":212},[40,33268,62],{"class":54},[40,33270,65],{"class":58},[40,33272,1149],{"class":54},[20,33274,18457],{},[134,33276,33277,33284,33291],{},[137,33278,33279,33283],{},[282,33280,33281],{"href":16827},[15,33282,16830],{}," when you need just the keys",[137,33285,33286,33290],{},[282,33287,33288],{"href":16833},[15,33289,16836],{}," when you need just the values",[137,33292,33293,33297],{},[282,33294,33295],{"href":16840},[15,33296,16843],{}," when you need both",[129,33299,790],{"id":789},[20,33301,33302,33303,289],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33304,16836],{},[792,33306,29410,33308,33310],{"id":33307},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33309,16836],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33312,33313,33315],{},[15,33314,16836],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33317,807],{},[31,33319,33321],{"className":33,"code":33320,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33322,33323,33343],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33324,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339,33341],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33326,8079],{"class":46},[40,33328,51],{"class":50},[40,33330,55],{"class":54},[40,33332,658],{"class":58},[40,33334,62],{"class":54},[40,33336,663],{"class":58},[40,33338,62],{"class":54},[40,33340,749],{"class":58},[40,33342,73],{"class":54},[40,33344,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353,33355],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,33346,101],{"class":84},[40,33348,88],{"class":54},[40,33350,1272],{"class":91},[40,33352,289],{"class":54},[40,33354,5137],{"class":91},[40,33356,847],{"class":54},[20,33358,33359,33360,33362],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33361,16836],{}," method.",[20,33364,33365],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[31,33367,33369],{"className":33,"code":33368,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33370,33371],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33372,33373,33375,33377,33379,33381,33383],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33374,101],{"class":84},[40,33376,88],{"class":54},[40,33378,1297],{"class":609},[40,33380,88],{"class":54},[40,33382,1272],{"class":91},[40,33384,256],{"class":54},[20,33386,33387,33388,33390,33391,289],{},"If you get an ",[15,33389,25434],{},", see ",[282,33392,25442,33393,33395],{"href":25441},[15,33394,25445],{}," errors",[792,33397,4361,33399,33401],{"id":33398},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33400,16836],{}," returns a list",[20,33403,33404],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[31,33406,33408],{"className":33,"code":33407,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33409,33410,33446,33460,33464],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33411,33412,33414,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424,33426,33428,33430,33432,33434,33436,33438,33440,33442,33444],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33413,12633],{"class":46},[40,33415,51],{"class":50},[40,33417,10260],{"class":54},[40,33419,213],{"class":212},[40,33421,7446],{"class":216},[40,33423,213],{"class":212},[40,33425,2669],{"class":54},[40,33427,224],{"class":212},[40,33429,1517],{"class":216},[40,33431,213],{"class":212},[40,33433,62],{"class":54},[40,33435,224],{"class":212},[40,33437,9069],{"class":216},[40,33439,213],{"class":212},[40,33441,2669],{"class":54},[40,33443,65],{"class":58},[40,33445,9079],{"class":54},[40,33447,33448,33450,33452,33454,33456,33458],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,33449,3610],{"class":46},[40,33451,51],{"class":50},[40,33453,12675],{"class":46},[40,33455,289],{"class":54},[40,33457,5137],{"class":91},[40,33459,8413],{"class":54},[40,33461,33462],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,33463,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,33465,33466,33468,33470,33472,33474,33476],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,33467,101],{"class":84},[40,33469,88],{"class":54},[40,33471,1297],{"class":609},[40,33473,88],{"class":54},[40,33475,5137],{"class":91},[40,33477,256],{"class":54},[20,33479,111],{},[31,33481,33483],{"className":33,"code":33482,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33484,33485],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33486,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33488,3076],{"class":50},[40,33490,3079],{"class":1848},[40,33492,3082],{"class":212},[40,33494,16803],{"class":216},[40,33496,3087],{"class":212},[40,33498,3090],{"class":50},[20,33500,1657,33501,33503],{},[15,33502,16803],{},", not a list.",[20,33505,33506],{},"If you need a list:",[31,33508,33510],{"className":33,"code":33509,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33511,33512],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33513,33514,33516,33518,33520,33522,33524,33526,33528],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33515,3610],{"class":46},[40,33517,51],{"class":50},[40,33519,22321],{"class":609},[40,33521,88],{"class":54},[40,33523,13393],{"class":91},[40,33525,289],{"class":54},[40,33527,5137],{"class":91},[40,33529,847],{"class":54},[792,33531,33533,33534],{"id":33532},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33535,16803],{},[20,33537,33538],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[31,33540,33542],{"className":33,"code":33541,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33543,33544,33580,33594,33598],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33545,33546,33548,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560,33562,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574,33576,33578],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33547,12633],{"class":46},[40,33549,51],{"class":50},[40,33551,10260],{"class":54},[40,33553,213],{"class":212},[40,33555,7446],{"class":216},[40,33557,213],{"class":212},[40,33559,2669],{"class":54},[40,33561,224],{"class":212},[40,33563,1517],{"class":216},[40,33565,213],{"class":212},[40,33567,62],{"class":54},[40,33569,224],{"class":212},[40,33571,9069],{"class":216},[40,33573,213],{"class":212},[40,33575,2669],{"class":54},[40,33577,65],{"class":58},[40,33579,9079],{"class":54},[40,33581,33582,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,33583,3610],{"class":46},[40,33585,51],{"class":50},[40,33587,12675],{"class":46},[40,33589,289],{"class":54},[40,33591,5137],{"class":91},[40,33593,8413],{"class":54},[40,33595,33596],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,33597,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,33599,33600],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,33601,33602],{"class":3449},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33604,33605],{},"Convert to a list first:",[31,33607,33609],{"className":33,"code":33608,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33610,33611,33647,33665,33669],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33612,33613,33615,33617,33619,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629,33631,33633,33635,33637,33639,33641,33643,33645],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33614,12633],{"class":46},[40,33616,51],{"class":50},[40,33618,10260],{"class":54},[40,33620,213],{"class":212},[40,33622,7446],{"class":216},[40,33624,213],{"class":212},[40,33626,2669],{"class":54},[40,33628,224],{"class":212},[40,33630,1517],{"class":216},[40,33632,213],{"class":212},[40,33634,62],{"class":54},[40,33636,224],{"class":212},[40,33638,9069],{"class":216},[40,33640,213],{"class":212},[40,33642,2669],{"class":54},[40,33644,65],{"class":58},[40,33646,9079],{"class":54},[40,33648,33649,33651,33653,33655,33657,33659,33661,33663],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,33650,3610],{"class":46},[40,33652,51],{"class":50},[40,33654,22321],{"class":609},[40,33656,88],{"class":54},[40,33658,13393],{"class":91},[40,33660,289],{"class":54},[40,33662,5137],{"class":91},[40,33664,847],{"class":54},[40,33666,33667],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,33668,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,33670,33671,33673,33675,33677,33679,33681],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,33672,101],{"class":84},[40,33674,88],{"class":54},[40,33676,5137],{"class":91},[40,33678,565],{"class":54},[40,33680,192],{"class":58},[40,33682,570],{"class":54},[792,33684,795,33686,799,33688],{"id":33685},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33687,5137],{},[15,33689,16836],{},[20,33691,33692],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[31,33694,33696],{"className":33,"code":33695,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33697,33698,33734,33738],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33699,33700,33702,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716,33718,33720,33722,33724,33726,33728,33730,33732],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33701,12633],{"class":46},[40,33703,51],{"class":50},[40,33705,10260],{"class":54},[40,33707,213],{"class":212},[40,33709,7446],{"class":216},[40,33711,213],{"class":212},[40,33713,2669],{"class":54},[40,33715,224],{"class":212},[40,33717,1517],{"class":216},[40,33719,213],{"class":212},[40,33721,62],{"class":54},[40,33723,224],{"class":212},[40,33725,9069],{"class":216},[40,33727,213],{"class":212},[40,33729,2669],{"class":54},[40,33731,65],{"class":58},[40,33733,9079],{"class":54},[40,33735,33736],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,33737,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,33739,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748,33750],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,33741,101],{"class":84},[40,33743,88],{"class":54},[40,33745,13393],{"class":91},[40,33747,289],{"class":54},[40,33749,5137],{"class":24512},[40,33751,95],{"class":54},[20,33753,33754,33757],{},[15,33755,33756],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33759,18457],{},[31,33761,33763],{"className":33,"code":33762,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33764,33765],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33766,33767,33769,33771,33773,33775,33777],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33768,101],{"class":84},[40,33770,88],{"class":54},[40,33772,13393],{"class":91},[40,33774,289],{"class":54},[40,33776,5137],{"class":91},[40,33778,847],{"class":54},[792,33780,33782],{"id":33781},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33784,33785],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[31,33787,33789],{"className":33,"code":33788,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33790,33791,33823],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33792,33793,33795,33797,33799,33801,33803,33805,33807,33809,33811,33813,33815,33817,33819,33821],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33794,650],{"class":46},[40,33796,51],{"class":50},[40,33798,10260],{"class":54},[40,33800,213],{"class":212},[40,33802,282],{"class":216},[40,33804,213],{"class":212},[40,33806,2669],{"class":54},[40,33808,1226],{"class":58},[40,33810,62],{"class":54},[40,33812,224],{"class":212},[40,33814,1017],{"class":216},[40,33816,213],{"class":212},[40,33818,2669],{"class":54},[40,33820,663],{"class":58},[40,33822,9079],{"class":54},[40,33824,33825,33827,33829,33831,33833,33835],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,33826,101],{"class":84},[40,33828,88],{"class":54},[40,33830,703],{"class":91},[40,33832,289],{"class":54},[40,33834,5137],{"class":91},[40,33836,847],{"class":54},[20,33838,33839],{},"Not like this:",[31,33841,33843],{"className":33,"code":33842,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33844,33845,33850,33855],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33846,33847],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33848,33849],{"class":3449},"# Wrong examples:\n",[40,33851,33852],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,33853,33854],{"class":3449},"# data().values()\n",[40,33856,33857],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,33858,33859],{"class":3449},"# values(data)\n",[20,33861,3127],{},[31,33863,33865],{"className":33,"code":33864,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33866,33867,33881,33891,33905],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,33868,33869,33871,33873,33875,33877,33879],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,33870,101],{"class":84},[40,33872,88],{"class":54},[40,33874,1297],{"class":609},[40,33876,88],{"class":54},[40,33878,11219],{"class":91},[40,33880,256],{"class":54},[40,33882,33883,33885,33887,33889],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,33884,101],{"class":84},[40,33886,88],{"class":54},[40,33888,11219],{"class":91},[40,33890,95],{"class":54},[40,33892,33893,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,33894,101],{"class":84},[40,33896,88],{"class":54},[40,33898,11219],{"class":91},[40,33900,289],{"class":54},[40,33902,5137],{"class":91},[40,33904,847],{"class":54},[40,33906,33907,33909,33911,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,33908,101],{"class":84},[40,33910,88],{"class":54},[40,33912,610],{"class":609},[40,33914,88],{"class":54},[40,33916,11219],{"class":91},[40,33918,289],{"class":54},[40,33920,5137],{"class":91},[40,33922,6067],{"class":54},[129,33924,1636],{"id":1635},[792,33926,1650,33928,4923],{"id":33927},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33929,32081],{},[20,33931,17187,33932,33934],{},[15,33933,16803],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[792,33936,12474,33938,23693],{"id":33937},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33939,16836],{},[20,33941,23696,33942,23700],{},[15,33943,33944],{},"list(...)",[792,33946,25817,33948,2275],{"id":33947},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33949,32081],{},[20,33951,33952,33953,25825],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33954,1548],{},[792,33956,12474,33958,33960],{"id":33957},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33959,32081],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33962,33963],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[792,33965,33967,33968,33970,33971,2275],{"id":33966},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33969,16836],{}," different from ",[15,33972,16843],{},[20,33974,33975,33977,33978,33980],{},[15,33976,16836],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33979,16843],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[129,33982,1687],{"id":1686},[134,33984,33985,33991,33997,34001,34007,34011],{},[137,33986,33987],{},[282,33988,10506,33989,10510],{"href":16827},[15,33990,16830],{},[137,33992,33993],{},[282,33994,10506,33995,10510],{"href":16840},[15,33996,16843],{},[137,33998,33999],{},[282,34000,11011],{"href":9160},[137,34002,34003],{},[282,34004,34006],{"href":34005},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[137,34008,34009],{},[282,34010,23778],{"href":32930},[137,34012,34013],{},[282,34014,30107,34015],{"href":25441},[15,34016,34017],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1715,34019,34020],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":34022},[34023,34024,34026,34027,34029,34030,34031,34032,34034,34045,34057],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":32251,"depth":76,"text":34025},"What values() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":32321,"depth":76,"text":34028},"What values() returns",{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":32800,"depth":76,"text":32801},{"id":32933,"depth":76,"text":32934},{"id":33092,"depth":76,"text":34033},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":34035},[34036,34038,34040,34042,34044],{"id":33307,"depth":98,"text":34037},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33398,"depth":98,"text":34039},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33532,"depth":98,"text":34041},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33685,"depth":98,"text":34043},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33781,"depth":98,"text":33782},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":34046},[34047,34049,34051,34053,34055],{"id":33927,"depth":98,"text":34048},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33937,"depth":98,"text":34050},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33947,"depth":98,"text":34052},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33957,"depth":98,"text":34054},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33966,"depth":98,"text":34056},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32068,"description":34058},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34064,"title":34065,"body":34066,"description":35497,"extension":1746,"meta":35498,"navigation":360,"path":35499,"seo":35500,"stem":35501,"__hash__":35502},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34067,"toc":35449},[34068,34074,34079,34082,34098,34107,34109,34141,34147,34150,34245,34248,34253,34258,34261,34272,34274,34288,34294,34296,34301,34307,34310,34349,34357,34362,34365,34410,34413,34425,34431,34437,34441,34474,34477,34495,34498,34502,34541,34543,34563,34566,34578,34583,34589,34592,34647,34650,34661,34664,34675,34678,34682,34688,34690,34720,34723,34738,34741,34744,34763,34766,34782,34791,34793,34824,34830,34835,34838,34845,34876,34879,34901,34904,34907,34921,34925,34956,34971,34978,34985,34989,34997,35001,35009,35012,35061,35072,35074,35077,35083,35088,35098,35102,35105,35108,35112,35115,35117,35138,35142,35148,35159,35165,35167,35173,35197,35200,35263,35266,35294,35297,35359,35361,35366,35369,35376,35384,35391,35394,35402,35408,35410,35437,35446],[10,34069,285,34071,3366],{"id":34070},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34072,34073],{},"dir()",[20,34075,32078,34076,34078],{},[15,34077,34073],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34080,34081],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[134,34083,34084,34087,34090,34095],{},[137,34085,34086],{},"learning Python",[137,34088,34089],{},"exploring a new object",[137,34091,34092,34093],{},"debugging an ",[15,34094,25434],{},[137,34096,34097],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34099,34100,34101,34103,34104],{},"In short, ",[15,34102,34073],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[183,34105,34106],{},"“What can I use here?”",[129,34108,1787],{"id":1786},[31,34110,34112],{"className":33,"code":34111,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34113,34114,34126],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34115,34116,34118,34120,34122,34124],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34117,7651],{"class":46},[40,34119,51],{"class":50},[40,34121,224],{"class":212},[40,34123,3632],{"class":216},[40,34125,3146],{"class":212},[40,34127,34128,34130,34132,34135,34137,34139],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,34129,101],{"class":84},[40,34131,88],{"class":54},[40,34133,34134],{"class":84},"dir",[40,34136,88],{"class":54},[40,34138,7446],{"class":91},[40,34140,256],{"class":54},[20,34142,123,34143,34146],{},[15,34144,34145],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34148,34149],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[31,34151,34153],{"className":33,"code":34152,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34154,34155],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34156,34157,34159,34161,34164,34166,34168,34170,34173,34175,34177,34179,34182,34184,34186,34188,34191,34193,34195,34197,34200,34202,34204,34206,34209,34211,34213,34217,34219,34221,34223,34225,34227,34229,34232,34234,34236,34238,34241,34243],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34158,565],{"class":54},[40,34160,3087],{"class":212},[40,34162,34163],{"class":216},"__add__",[40,34165,3087],{"class":212},[40,34167,62],{"class":54},[40,34169,3082],{"class":212},[40,34171,34172],{"class":216},"__class__",[40,34174,3087],{"class":212},[40,34176,62],{"class":54},[40,34178,3082],{"class":212},[40,34180,34181],{"class":216},"__contains__",[40,34183,3087],{"class":212},[40,34185,62],{"class":54},[40,34187,3082],{"class":212},[40,34189,34190],{"class":216},"__delattr__",[40,34192,3087],{"class":212},[40,34194,62],{"class":54},[40,34196,3082],{"class":212},[40,34198,34199],{"class":216},"__dir__",[40,34201,3087],{"class":212},[40,34203,62],{"class":54},[40,34205,3082],{"class":212},[40,34207,34208],{"class":216},"__doc__",[40,34210,3087],{"class":212},[40,34212,62],{"class":54},[40,34214,34216],{"class":34215},"s_hVV"," ...",[40,34218,62],{"class":54},[40,34220,3082],{"class":212},[40,34222,8410],{"class":216},[40,34224,3087],{"class":212},[40,34226,62],{"class":54},[40,34228,3082],{"class":212},[40,34230,34231],{"class":216},"split",[40,34233,3087],{"class":212},[40,34235,62],{"class":54},[40,34237,3082],{"class":212},[40,34239,34240],{"class":216},"upper",[40,34242,3087],{"class":212},[40,34244,73],{"class":54},[20,34246,34247],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[129,34249,158,34251,3466],{"id":34250},"what-dir-does",[15,34252,34073],{},[20,34254,34255,34257],{},[15,34256,34073],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34259,34260],{},"It usually includes:",[134,34262,34263,34266,34269],{},[137,34264,34265],{},"attributes",[137,34267,34268],{},"methods",[137,34270,34271],{},"special Python names",[20,34273,11228],{},[134,34275,34276,34282,34285],{},[137,34277,34278,34279],{},"The result is a ",[183,34280,34281],{},"list of strings",[137,34283,34284],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[137,34286,34287],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34289,34290,34291,34293],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34292,34073],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[129,34295,1940],{"id":1939},[20,34297,34298,34300],{},[15,34299,34073],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[792,34302,34304,34306],{"id":34303},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34305,34073],{}," with no argument",[20,34308,34309],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[31,34311,34313],{"className":33,"code":34312,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34314,34315,34323,34335,34339],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34316,34317,34319,34321],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34318,2810],{"class":46},[40,34320,51],{"class":50},[40,34322,2369],{"class":58},[40,34324,34325,34327,34329,34331,34333],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,34326,7651],{"class":46},[40,34328,51],{"class":50},[40,34330,224],{"class":212},[40,34332,7455],{"class":216},[40,34334,3146],{"class":212},[40,34336,34337],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,34338,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,34340,34341,34343,34345,34347],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,34342,101],{"class":84},[40,34344,88],{"class":54},[40,34346,34134],{"class":84},[40,34348,847],{"class":54},[20,34350,34351,34352,4176,34354,34356],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34353,1957],{},[15,34355,7446],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[792,34358,34360],{"id":34359},"dirobject",[15,34361,34145],{},[20,34363,34364],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[31,34366,34368],{"className":33,"code":34367,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34369,34370,34388],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34371,34372,34374,34376,34378,34380,34382,34384,34386],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34373,101],{"class":84},[40,34375,88],{"class":54},[40,34377,34134],{"class":84},[40,34379,88],{"class":54},[40,34381,213],{"class":212},[40,34383,3632],{"class":216},[40,34385,213],{"class":212},[40,34387,256],{"class":54},[40,34389,34390,34392,34394,34396,34398,34400,34402,34404,34406,34408],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,34391,101],{"class":84},[40,34393,88],{"class":54},[40,34395,34134],{"class":84},[40,34397,2771],{"class":54},[40,34399,658],{"class":58},[40,34401,62],{"class":54},[40,34403,663],{"class":58},[40,34405,62],{"class":54},[40,34407,749],{"class":58},[40,34409,2784],{"class":54},[20,34411,34412],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[134,34414,34415,34417,34419,34422],{},[137,34416,5087],{},[137,34418,5078],{},[137,34420,34421],{},"modules",[137,34423,34424],{},"custom objects",[129,34426,795,34428,34430],{"id":34427},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34429,34073],{}," with a value",[20,34432,34433,34434,34436],{},"A common use of ",[15,34435,34073],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[792,34438,34440],{"id":34439},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[31,34442,34444],{"className":33,"code":34443,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34445,34446,34459],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34447,34448,34451,34453,34455,34457],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34449,34450],{"class":46},"text ",[40,34452,51],{"class":50},[40,34454,224],{"class":212},[40,34456,3632],{"class":216},[40,34458,3146],{"class":212},[40,34460,34461,34463,34465,34467,34469,34472],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,34462,101],{"class":84},[40,34464,88],{"class":54},[40,34466,34134],{"class":84},[40,34468,88],{"class":54},[40,34470,34471],{"class":91},"text",[40,34473,256],{"class":54},[20,34475,34476],{},"You will see method names like:",[134,34478,34479,34483,34487,34491],{},[137,34480,34481],{},[15,34482,8410],{},[137,34484,34485],{},[15,34486,34240],{},[137,34488,34489],{},[15,34490,34231],{},[137,34492,34493],{},[15,34494,8404],{},[20,34496,34497],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[792,34499,34501],{"id":34500},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[31,34503,34505],{"className":33,"code":34504,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34506,34507,34527],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34508,34509,34511,34513,34515,34517,34519,34521,34523,34525],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34510,47],{"class":46},[40,34512,51],{"class":50},[40,34514,55],{"class":54},[40,34516,658],{"class":58},[40,34518,62],{"class":54},[40,34520,663],{"class":58},[40,34522,62],{"class":54},[40,34524,749],{"class":58},[40,34526,73],{"class":54},[40,34528,34529,34531,34533,34535,34537,34539],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,34530,101],{"class":84},[40,34532,88],{"class":54},[40,34534,34134],{"class":84},[40,34536,88],{"class":54},[40,34538,92],{"class":91},[40,34540,256],{"class":54},[20,34542,34476],{},[134,34544,34545,34549,34553,34558],{},[137,34546,34547],{},[15,34548,13320],{},[137,34550,34551],{},[15,34552,26002],{},[137,34554,34555],{},[15,34556,34557],{},"remove",[137,34559,34560],{},[15,34561,34562],{},"sort",[20,34564,34565],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34567,34568,34569,34574,34575,34577],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[282,34570,34572],{"href":34571},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34573,2086],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34576,34073],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[129,34579,795,34581,34306],{"id":34580},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34582,34073],{},[20,34584,34585,34586,34588],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34587,34073],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34590,34591],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[31,34593,34595],{"className":33,"code":34594,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34596,34597,34606,34610,34621,34633,34637],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34598,34599,34601,34603],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34600,2810],{"class":46},[40,34602,51],{"class":50},[40,34604,34605],{"class":58}," 5\n",[40,34607,34608],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,34609,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,34611,34612,34615,34619],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,34613,34614],{"class":1848},"def",[40,34616,34618],{"class":34617},"sGLFI"," greet",[40,34620,21356],{"class":54},[40,34622,34623,34626,34628,34631],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,34624,34625],{"class":535},"    return",[40,34627,224],{"class":212},[40,34629,34630],{"class":216},"Hello",[40,34632,3146],{"class":212},[40,34634,34635],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,34636,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,34638,34639,34641,34643,34645],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,34640,101],{"class":84},[40,34642,88],{"class":54},[40,34644,34134],{"class":84},[40,34646,847],{"class":54},[20,34648,34649],{},"The output will include names like:",[134,34651,34652,34656],{},[137,34653,34654],{},[15,34655,1957],{},[137,34657,34658],{},[15,34659,34660],{},"greet",[20,34662,34663],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[134,34665,34666,34669,34672],{},[137,34667,34668],{},"what variables exist",[137,34670,34671],{},"what functions you have defined",[137,34673,34674],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34676,34677],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[129,34679,34681],{"id":34680},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34683,34684,34685,34687],{},"When you first use ",[15,34686,34073],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34689,195],{},[31,34691,34692],{"className":33,"code":34443,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,34693,34694,34706],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34695,34696,34698,34700,34702,34704],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34697,34450],{"class":46},[40,34699,51],{"class":50},[40,34701,224],{"class":212},[40,34703,3632],{"class":216},[40,34705,3146],{"class":212},[40,34707,34708,34710,34712,34714,34716,34718],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,34709,101],{"class":84},[40,34711,88],{"class":54},[40,34713,34134],{"class":84},[40,34715,88],{"class":54},[40,34717,34471],{"class":91},[40,34719,256],{"class":54},[20,34721,34722],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[134,34724,34725,34729,34733],{},[137,34726,34727],{},[15,34728,34172],{},[137,34730,34731],{},[15,34732,34208],{},[137,34734,34735],{},[15,34736,34737],{},"__len__",[20,34739,34740],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34742,34743],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[134,34745,34746,34750,34754,34758],{},[137,34747,34748],{},[15,34749,34240],{},[137,34751,34752],{},[15,34753,8410],{},[137,34755,34756],{},[15,34757,34231],{},[137,34759,34760],{},[15,34761,34762],{},"replace",[20,34764,34765],{},"A key point to remember:",[134,34767,34768,34776],{},[137,34769,34770,34772,34773],{},[15,34771,34073],{}," lists ",[183,34774,34775],{},"names only",[137,34777,34778,34779,34781],{},"it does ",[183,34780,185],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34783,34784,34785,289],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[282,34786,34788],{"href":34787},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34789,34790],{},"help()",[20,34792,5251],{},[31,34794,34796],{"className":33,"code":34795,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34797,34798,34810],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34799,34800,34802,34804,34806,34808],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34801,7651],{"class":46},[40,34803,51],{"class":50},[40,34805,224],{"class":212},[40,34807,3632],{"class":216},[40,34809,3146],{"class":212},[40,34811,34812,34814,34816,34818,34820,34822],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,34813,31913],{"class":84},[40,34815,88],{"class":54},[40,34817,7446],{"class":91},[40,34819,289],{"class":54},[40,34821,34240],{"class":24512},[40,34823,95],{"class":54},[129,34825,34827,34829],{"id":34826},"dir-on-modules",[15,34828,34073],{}," on modules",[20,34831,15481,34832,34834],{},[15,34833,34073],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34836,34837],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[792,34839,34841,34842,34844],{"id":34840},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34843,18179],{}," module",[31,34846,34848],{"className":33,"code":34847,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34849,34850,34858,34862],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34851,34852,34855],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34853,34854],{"class":535},"import",[40,34856,34857],{"class":46}," math\n",[40,34859,34860],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,34861,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,34863,34864,34866,34868,34870,34872,34874],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,34865,101],{"class":84},[40,34867,88],{"class":54},[40,34869,34134],{"class":84},[40,34871,88],{"class":54},[40,34873,18179],{"class":91},[40,34875,256],{"class":54},[20,34877,34878],{},"You may see names like:",[134,34880,34881,34886,34891,34896],{},[137,34882,34883],{},[15,34884,34885],{},"sqrt",[137,34887,34888],{},[15,34889,34890],{},"ceil",[137,34892,34893],{},[15,34894,34895],{},"floor",[137,34897,34898],{},[15,34899,34900],{},"pi",[20,34902,34903],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34905,34906],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[134,34908,34909,34915],{},[137,34910,34911],{},[282,34912,34914],{"href":34913},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[137,34916,34917],{},[282,34918,34920],{"href":34919},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[792,34922,34924],{"id":34923},"another-example","Another example",[31,34926,34928],{"className":33,"code":34927,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34929,34930,34937,34941],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,34931,34932,34934],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,34933,34854],{"class":535},[40,34935,34936],{"class":46}," json\n",[40,34938,34939],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,34940,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,34942,34943,34945,34947,34949,34951,34954],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,34944,101],{"class":84},[40,34946,88],{"class":54},[40,34948,34134],{"class":84},[40,34950,88],{"class":54},[40,34952,34953],{"class":91},"json",[40,34955,256],{"class":54},[20,34957,34958,34959,1973,34962,1973,34965,16837,34968,289],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34960,34961],{},"dump",[15,34963,34964],{},"dumps",[15,34966,34967],{},"load",[15,34969,34970],{},"loads",[129,34972,34974,10355,34976],{"id":34973},"dir-vs-help",[15,34975,34073],{},[15,34977,34790],{},[20,34979,34980,4176,34982,34984],{},[15,34981,34073],{},[15,34983,34790],{}," are often used together.",[792,34986,34987],{"id":34134},[15,34988,34073],{},[134,34990,34991,34994],{},[137,34992,34993],{},"shows available names",[137,34995,34996],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[792,34998,34999],{"id":31913},[15,35000,34790],{},[134,35002,35003,35006],{},[137,35004,35005],{},"explains what an object or function does",[137,35007,35008],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35010,35011],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[31,35013,35015],{"className":33,"code":35014,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35016,35017,35029,35033,35047],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35018,35019,35021,35023,35025,35027],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35020,7651],{"class":46},[40,35022,51],{"class":50},[40,35024,224],{"class":212},[40,35026,3632],{"class":216},[40,35028,3146],{"class":212},[40,35030,35031],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,35032,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,35034,35035,35037,35039,35041,35043,35045],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,35036,101],{"class":84},[40,35038,88],{"class":54},[40,35040,34134],{"class":84},[40,35042,88],{"class":54},[40,35044,7446],{"class":91},[40,35046,256],{"class":54},[40,35048,35049,35051,35053,35055,35057,35059],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,35050,31913],{"class":84},[40,35052,88],{"class":54},[40,35054,7446],{"class":91},[40,35056,289],{"class":54},[40,35058,34240],{"class":24512},[40,35060,95],{"class":54},[20,35062,123,35063,35065,35066,35068,35069,35071],{},[15,35064,34073],{}," first to find a method name.",[9615,35067],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35070,34790],{}," to understand how to use it.",[129,35073,25120],{"id":25119},[20,35075,35076],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[792,35078,35080,35082],{"id":35079},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35081,34073],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35084,35085,35087],{},[15,35086,34073],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35089,35090,35091,35093,35094,35097],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35092,34240],{}," in ",[15,35095,35096],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[792,35099,35101],{"id":35100},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35103,35104],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35106,35107],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[792,35109,35111],{"id":35110},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35113,35114],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35116,5251],{},[134,35118,35119,35124,35130],{},[137,35120,35121,35123],{},[15,35122,35096],{}," shows string-related names",[137,35125,35126,35129],{},[15,35127,35128],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[137,35131,35132,35135,35136,34844],{},[15,35133,35134],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35137,18179],{},[792,35139,35141],{"id":35140},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35143,35144,35145,35147],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35146,34073],{}," does not mean you already know:",[134,35149,35150,35153,35156],{},[137,35151,35152],{},"what it does",[137,35154,35155],{},"what arguments it needs",[137,35157,35158],{},"what it returns",[20,35160,35161,35162,35164],{},"That is why ",[15,35163,34790],{}," is the natural next step.",[129,35166,2613],{"id":2612},[20,35168,35169,35170,35172],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35171,34073],{}," in these situations:",[134,35174,35175,35178,35187,35190],{},[137,35176,35177],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[137,35179,35180,35181,35186],{},"Seeing an ",[282,35182,35184],{"href":35183},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35185,25434],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[137,35188,35189],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[137,35191,795,35192,35194,35195],{},[15,35193,34073],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35196,34790],{},[20,35198,35199],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[31,35201,35203],{"className":33,"code":35202,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35204,35205,35217,35221,35235,35249],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35206,35207,35209,35211,35213,35215],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35208,7651],{"class":46},[40,35210,51],{"class":50},[40,35212,224],{"class":212},[40,35214,3632],{"class":216},[40,35216,3146],{"class":212},[40,35218,35219],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,35220,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,35222,35223,35225,35227,35229,35231,35233],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,35224,101],{"class":84},[40,35226,88],{"class":54},[40,35228,1297],{"class":609},[40,35230,88],{"class":54},[40,35232,7446],{"class":91},[40,35234,256],{"class":54},[40,35236,35237,35239,35241,35243,35245,35247],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,35238,101],{"class":84},[40,35240,88],{"class":54},[40,35242,34134],{"class":84},[40,35244,88],{"class":54},[40,35246,7446],{"class":91},[40,35248,256],{"class":54},[40,35250,35251,35253,35255,35257,35259,35261],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,35252,31913],{"class":84},[40,35254,88],{"class":54},[40,35256,7446],{"class":91},[40,35258,289],{"class":54},[40,35260,34240],{"class":24512},[40,35262,95],{"class":54},[20,35264,35265],{},"And for modules:",[31,35267,35268],{"className":33,"code":34847,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,35269,35270,35276,35280],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35271,35272,35274],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35273,34854],{"class":535},[40,35275,34857],{"class":46},[40,35277,35278],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,35279,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,35281,35282,35284,35286,35288,35290,35292],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,35283,101],{"class":84},[40,35285,88],{"class":54},[40,35287,34134],{"class":84},[40,35289,88],{"class":54},[40,35291,18179],{"class":91},[40,35293,256],{"class":54},[20,35295,35296],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[31,35298,35300],{"className":33,"code":35299,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35301,35302,35307,35319,35329,35343,35349],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35303,35304],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35305,35306],{"class":46},"python\n",[40,35308,35309,35311,35313,35315,35317],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,35310,7651],{"class":46},[40,35312,51],{"class":50},[40,35314,224],{"class":212},[40,35316,3632],{"class":216},[40,35318,3146],{"class":212},[40,35320,35321,35323,35325,35327],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,35322,34134],{"class":84},[40,35324,88],{"class":54},[40,35326,7446],{"class":91},[40,35328,95],{"class":54},[40,35330,35331,35333,35335,35337,35339,35341],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,35332,31913],{"class":84},[40,35334,88],{"class":54},[40,35336,7446],{"class":91},[40,35338,289],{"class":54},[40,35340,34240],{"class":24512},[40,35342,95],{"class":54},[40,35344,35345,35347],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,35346,34854],{"class":535},[40,35348,34857],{"class":46},[40,35350,35351,35353,35355,35357],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,35352,34134],{"class":84},[40,35354,88],{"class":54},[40,35356,18179],{"class":91},[40,35358,95],{"class":54},[129,35360,1636],{"id":1635},[792,35362,1650,35364,4923],{"id":35363},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35365,34073],{},[20,35367,35368],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[792,35370,4957,35372,4176,35374,2275],{"id":35371},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35373,34073],{},[15,35375,34790],{},[20,35377,35378,35380,35381,35383],{},[15,35379,34073],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35382,34790],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[792,35385,35387,35388,35390],{"id":35386},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35389,34073],{}," output?",[20,35392,35393],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[792,35395,4947,35397,35399,35400,2275],{"id":35396},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35398,34073],{}," help fix ",[15,35401,25434],{},[20,35403,35404,35405,289],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[282,35406,35407],{"href":35183},"object has no attribute",[129,35409,1687],{"id":1686},[134,35411,35412,35418,35423,35427,35431],{},[137,35413,35414],{},[282,35415,285,35416,288],{"href":34787},[15,35417,34790],{},[137,35419,35420],{},[282,35421,35422],{"href":35183},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[137,35424,35425],{},[282,35426,34914],{"href":34913},[137,35428,35429],{},[282,35430,34920],{"href":34919},[137,35432,35433],{},[282,35434,285,35435,288],{"href":34571},[15,35436,2086],{},[20,35438,35439,35440,35442,35443,35445],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35441,34073],{}," together with ",[15,35444,34790],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1715,35447,35448],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":35450},[35451,35452,35454,35459,35464,35466,35467,35473,35478,35485,35486,35496],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":34250,"depth":76,"text":35453},"What dir() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940,"children":35455},[35456,35458],{"id":34303,"depth":98,"text":35457},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34359,"depth":98,"text":34145},{"id":34427,"depth":76,"text":35460,"children":35461},"Using dir() with a value",[35462,35463],{"id":34439,"depth":98,"text":34440},{"id":34500,"depth":98,"text":34501},{"id":34580,"depth":76,"text":35465},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34680,"depth":76,"text":34681},{"id":34826,"depth":76,"text":35468,"children":35469},"dir() on modules",[35470,35472],{"id":34840,"depth":98,"text":35471},"Example: math module",{"id":34923,"depth":98,"text":34924},{"id":34973,"depth":76,"text":35474,"children":35475},"dir() vs help()",[35476,35477],{"id":34134,"depth":98,"text":34073},{"id":31913,"depth":98,"text":34790},{"id":25119,"depth":76,"text":25120,"children":35479},[35480,35482,35483,35484],{"id":35079,"depth":98,"text":35481},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35100,"depth":98,"text":35101},{"id":35110,"depth":98,"text":35111},{"id":35140,"depth":98,"text":35141},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":35487},[35488,35490,35492,35494],{"id":35363,"depth":98,"text":35489},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35371,"depth":98,"text":35491},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35386,"depth":98,"text":35493},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35396,"depth":98,"text":35495},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34065,"description":35497},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35504,"title":35505,"body":35506,"description":37316,"extension":1746,"meta":37317,"navigation":360,"path":37318,"seo":37319,"stem":37320,"__hash__":37321},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35507,"toc":37285},[35508,35514,35519,35522,35530,35536,35538,35618,35620,35646,35651,35656,35661,35664,35675,35678,35680,35757,35759,35781,35788,35790,35792,35817,35820,35833,35838,35840,35918,35920,35946,35955,35960,35968,35974,35981,35984,35986,36065,36068,36125,36127,36164,36170,36175,36180,36183,36197,36199,36302,36304,36347,36356,36366,36373,36379,36386,36469,36471,36494,36497,36500,36502,36506,36510,36513,36576,36599,36602,36606,36612,36614,36681,36684,36761,36766,36772,36775,36778,36823,36825,36849,36854,36858,36863,36869,36932,36935,36937,36940,36965,36968,37103,37105,37206,37208,37213,37216,37222,37232,37240,37245,37251,37257,37259,37282],[10,35509,285,35511,3366],{"id":35510},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35512,35513],{},"enumerate()",[20,35515,35516,35518],{},[15,35517,35513],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35520,35521],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[134,35523,35524,35527],{},[137,35525,35526],{},"the item itself",[137,35528,35529],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35531,35532,35533,35535],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35534,35513],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[129,35537,1787],{"id":1786},[31,35539,35541],{"className":33,"code":35540,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35542,35543,35575,35579,35602],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35544,35545,35547,35549,35551,35553,35555,35557,35559,35561,35563,35565,35567,35569,35571,35573],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35546,309],{"class":46},[40,35548,51],{"class":50},[40,35550,55],{"class":54},[40,35552,213],{"class":212},[40,35554,318],{"class":216},[40,35556,213],{"class":212},[40,35558,62],{"class":54},[40,35560,224],{"class":212},[40,35562,327],{"class":216},[40,35564,213],{"class":212},[40,35566,62],{"class":54},[40,35568,224],{"class":212},[40,35570,336],{"class":216},[40,35572,213],{"class":212},[40,35574,73],{"class":54},[40,35576,35577],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,35578,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,35580,35581,35583,35586,35588,35591,35593,35596,35598,35600],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,35582,1548],{"class":535},[40,35584,35585],{"class":46}," index",[40,35587,62],{"class":54},[40,35589,35590],{"class":46}," color ",[40,35592,1554],{"class":535},[40,35594,35595],{"class":84}," enumerate",[40,35597,88],{"class":54},[40,35599,353],{"class":91},[40,35601,8112],{"class":54},[40,35603,35604,35606,35608,35611,35613,35616],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,35605,558],{"class":84},[40,35607,88],{"class":54},[40,35609,35610],{"class":91},"index",[40,35612,62],{"class":54},[40,35614,35615],{"class":91}," color",[40,35617,95],{"class":54},[20,35619,111],{},[31,35621,35623],{"className":33,"code":35622,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35624,35625,35632,35639],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35626,35627,35629],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35628,192],{"class":58},[40,35630,35631],{"class":46}," red\n",[40,35633,35634,35636],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,35635,658],{"class":58},[40,35637,35638],{"class":46}," green\n",[40,35640,35641,35643],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,35642,744],{"class":58},[40,35644,35645],{"class":46}," blue\n",[20,35647,123,35648,35650],{},[15,35649,35513],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[129,35652,158,35654,3466],{"id":35653},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35655,35513],{},[20,35657,35658,35660],{},[15,35659,35513],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35662,35663],{},"It is commonly used with:",[134,35665,35666,35668,35670,35672],{},[137,35667,5078],{},[137,35669,5081],{},[137,35671,5087],{},[137,35673,35674],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35676,35677],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35679,195],{},[31,35681,35683],{"className":33,"code":35682,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35684,35685,35717,35721,35742],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35686,35687,35689,35691,35693,35695,35697,35699,35701,35703,35705,35707,35709,35711,35713,35715],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35688,1508],{"class":46},[40,35690,51],{"class":50},[40,35692,55],{"class":54},[40,35694,213],{"class":212},[40,35696,1517],{"class":216},[40,35698,213],{"class":212},[40,35700,62],{"class":54},[40,35702,224],{"class":212},[40,35704,1526],{"class":216},[40,35706,213],{"class":212},[40,35708,62],{"class":54},[40,35710,224],{"class":212},[40,35712,1535],{"class":216},[40,35714,213],{"class":212},[40,35716,73],{"class":54},[40,35718,35719],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,35720,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,35722,35723,35725,35727,35729,35732,35734,35736,35738,35740],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,35724,1548],{"class":535},[40,35726,35585],{"class":46},[40,35728,62],{"class":54},[40,35730,35731],{"class":46}," name ",[40,35733,1554],{"class":535},[40,35735,35595],{"class":84},[40,35737,88],{"class":54},[40,35739,1566],{"class":91},[40,35741,8112],{"class":54},[40,35743,35744,35746,35748,35750,35752,35755],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,35745,558],{"class":84},[40,35747,88],{"class":54},[40,35749,35610],{"class":91},[40,35751,62],{"class":54},[40,35753,35754],{"class":91}," name",[40,35756,95],{"class":54},[20,35758,111],{},[31,35760,35761],{"className":33,"code":1594,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,35762,35763,35769,35775],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35764,35765,35767],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35766,192],{"class":58},[40,35768,1603],{"class":46},[40,35770,35771,35773],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,35772,658],{"class":58},[40,35774,1610],{"class":46},[40,35776,35777,35779],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,35778,744],{"class":58},[40,35780,1617],{"class":46},[20,35782,35783,35784,289],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[282,35785,35787],{"href":35786},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[129,35789,1940],{"id":1939},[20,35791,1943],{},[31,35793,35795],{"className":33,"code":35794,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35796,35797],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35798,35799,35802,35804,35806,35808,35811,35813,35815],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35800,35801],{"class":84},"enumerate",[40,35803,88],{"class":54},[40,35805,3507],{"class":91},[40,35807,62],{"class":54},[40,35809,35810],{"class":8946}," start",[40,35812,51],{"class":50},[40,35814,192],{"class":58},[40,35816,95],{"class":54},[20,35818,35819],{},"It has two parts:",[134,35821,35822,35827],{},[137,35823,35824,35826],{},[15,35825,3507],{},": the object you want to loop through",[137,35828,35829,35832],{},[15,35830,35831],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35834,35835,35836,289],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35837,192],{},[20,35839,195],{},[31,35841,35843],{"className":33,"code":35842,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35844,35845,35877,35881,35903],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35846,35847,35849,35851,35853,35855,35857,35859,35861,35863,35865,35867,35869,35871,35873,35875],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35848,1000],{"class":46},[40,35850,51],{"class":50},[40,35852,55],{"class":54},[40,35854,213],{"class":212},[40,35856,282],{"class":216},[40,35858,213],{"class":212},[40,35860,62],{"class":54},[40,35862,224],{"class":212},[40,35864,1017],{"class":216},[40,35866,213],{"class":212},[40,35868,62],{"class":54},[40,35870,224],{"class":212},[40,35872,1026],{"class":216},[40,35874,213],{"class":212},[40,35876,73],{"class":54},[40,35878,35879],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,35880,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,35882,35883,35885,35888,35890,35893,35895,35897,35899,35901],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,35884,1548],{"class":535},[40,35886,35887],{"class":46}," i",[40,35889,62],{"class":54},[40,35891,35892],{"class":46}," letter ",[40,35894,1554],{"class":535},[40,35896,35595],{"class":84},[40,35898,88],{"class":54},[40,35900,1043],{"class":91},[40,35902,8112],{"class":54},[40,35904,35905,35907,35909,35911,35913,35916],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,35906,558],{"class":84},[40,35908,88],{"class":54},[40,35910,1578],{"class":91},[40,35912,62],{"class":54},[40,35914,35915],{"class":91}," letter",[40,35917,95],{"class":54},[20,35919,111],{},[31,35921,35923],{"className":33,"code":35922,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35924,35925,35932,35939],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35926,35927,35929],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35928,192],{"class":58},[40,35930,35931],{"class":46}," a\n",[40,35933,35934,35936],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,35935,658],{"class":58},[40,35937,35938],{"class":46}," b\n",[40,35940,35941,35943],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,35942,744],{"class":58},[40,35944,35945],{"class":46}," c\n",[20,35947,35948,35949,289],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[282,35950,285,35952,288],{"href":35951},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35953,35954],{},"range()",[129,35956,158,35958,148],{"id":35957},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35959,35513],{},[20,35961,35962,35964,35965,289],{},[15,35963,35513],{}," returns an ",[183,35966,35967],{},"enumerate object",[20,35969,35970,35971,35973],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35972,1548],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[134,35975,35976],{},[137,35977,35978],{},[15,35979,35980],{},"(index, item)",[20,35982,35983],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35985,195],{},[31,35987,35989],{"className":33,"code":35988,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35990,35991,36024,36028,36050],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,35992,35993,35996,35998,36000,36002,36004,36006,36008,36010,36012,36014,36016,36018,36020,36022],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,35994,35995],{"class":46},"fruits ",[40,35997,51],{"class":50},[40,35999,55],{"class":54},[40,36001,213],{"class":212},[40,36003,3862],{"class":216},[40,36005,213],{"class":212},[40,36007,62],{"class":54},[40,36009,224],{"class":212},[40,36011,3871],{"class":216},[40,36013,213],{"class":212},[40,36015,62],{"class":54},[40,36017,224],{"class":212},[40,36019,32982],{"class":216},[40,36021,213],{"class":212},[40,36023,73],{"class":54},[40,36025,36026],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,36027,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,36029,36030,36032,36034,36036,36039,36041,36043,36045,36048],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,36031,1548],{"class":535},[40,36033,35585],{"class":46},[40,36035,62],{"class":54},[40,36037,36038],{"class":46}," fruit ",[40,36040,1554],{"class":535},[40,36042,35595],{"class":84},[40,36044,88],{"class":54},[40,36046,36047],{"class":91},"fruits",[40,36049,8112],{"class":54},[40,36051,36052,36054,36056,36058,36060,36063],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,36053,558],{"class":84},[40,36055,88],{"class":54},[40,36057,35610],{"class":91},[40,36059,62],{"class":54},[40,36061,36062],{"class":91}," fruit",[40,36064,95],{"class":54},[20,36066,36067],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[31,36069,36071],{"className":33,"code":36070,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36072,36073,36093,36097,36115],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36074,36075,36077,36079,36081,36083,36085,36087,36089,36091],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36076,47],{"class":46},[40,36078,51],{"class":50},[40,36080,55],{"class":54},[40,36082,59],{"class":58},[40,36084,62],{"class":54},[40,36086,65],{"class":58},[40,36088,62],{"class":54},[40,36090,70],{"class":58},[40,36092,73],{"class":54},[40,36094,36095],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,36096,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,36098,36099,36101,36103,36105,36107,36109,36111,36113],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,36100,2013],{"class":46},[40,36102,51],{"class":50},[40,36104,22321],{"class":609},[40,36106,88],{"class":54},[40,36108,35801],{"class":84},[40,36110,88],{"class":54},[40,36112,92],{"class":91},[40,36114,256],{"class":54},[40,36116,36117,36119,36121,36123],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,36118,101],{"class":84},[40,36120,88],{"class":54},[40,36122,2048],{"class":91},[40,36124,95],{"class":54},[20,36126,111],{},[31,36128,36130],{"className":33,"code":36129,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36131,36132],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36133,36134,36136,36138,36140,36142,36144,36146,36148,36150,36152,36154,36156,36158,36160,36162],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36135,21501],{"class":54},[40,36137,192],{"class":58},[40,36139,62],{"class":54},[40,36141,5781],{"class":58},[40,36143,9003],{"class":54},[40,36145,9006],{"class":54},[40,36147,658],{"class":58},[40,36149,62],{"class":54},[40,36151,65],{"class":58},[40,36153,9003],{"class":54},[40,36155,9006],{"class":54},[40,36157,744],{"class":58},[40,36159,62],{"class":54},[40,36161,70],{"class":58},[40,36163,9019],{"class":54},[20,36165,36166,36167,36169],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36168,35513],{}," produces.",[129,36171,1345,36173],{"id":36172},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36174,35513],{},[20,36176,123,36177,36179],{},[15,36178,35513],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36181,36182],{},"Common cases:",[134,36184,36185,36188,36191,36194],{},[137,36186,36187],{},"printing numbered output",[137,36189,36190],{},"building menus",[137,36192,36193],{},"showing positions in a list",[137,36195,36196],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36198,195],{},[31,36200,36202],{"className":33,"code":36201,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36203,36204,36239,36243,36273],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36205,36206,36208,36210,36212,36214,36217,36219,36221,36223,36226,36228,36230,36232,36235,36237],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36207,29658],{"class":46},[40,36209,51],{"class":50},[40,36211,55],{"class":54},[40,36213,213],{"class":212},[40,36215,36216],{"class":216},"Wash dishes",[40,36218,213],{"class":212},[40,36220,62],{"class":54},[40,36222,224],{"class":212},[40,36224,36225],{"class":216},"Study Python",[40,36227,213],{"class":212},[40,36229,62],{"class":54},[40,36231,224],{"class":212},[40,36233,36234],{"class":216},"Go for a walk",[40,36236,213],{"class":212},[40,36238,73],{"class":54},[40,36240,36241],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,36242,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,36244,36245,36247,36249,36251,36254,36256,36258,36260,36263,36265,36267,36269,36271],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,36246,1548],{"class":535},[40,36248,1981],{"class":46},[40,36250,62],{"class":54},[40,36252,36253],{"class":46}," task ",[40,36255,1554],{"class":535},[40,36257,35595],{"class":84},[40,36259,88],{"class":54},[40,36261,36262],{"class":91},"tasks",[40,36264,62],{"class":54},[40,36266,35810],{"class":8946},[40,36268,51],{"class":50},[40,36270,658],{"class":58},[40,36272,8112],{"class":54},[40,36274,36275,36277,36279,36281,36283,36285,36287,36289,36291,36293,36296,36298,36300],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,36276,558],{"class":84},[40,36278,88],{"class":54},[40,36280,22055],{"class":1848},[40,36282,213],{"class":216},[40,36284,9048],{"class":58},[40,36286,2023],{"class":91},[40,36288,22064],{"class":58},[40,36290,28074],{"class":216},[40,36292,9048],{"class":58},[40,36294,36295],{"class":91},"task",[40,36297,22064],{"class":58},[40,36299,213],{"class":216},[40,36301,95],{"class":54},[20,36303,111],{},[31,36305,36307],{"className":33,"code":36306,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36308,36309,36321,36333],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36310,36311,36313,36315,36318],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36312,658],{"class":58},[40,36314,289],{"class":54},[40,36316,36317],{"class":24512}," Wash",[40,36319,36320],{"class":46}," dishes\n",[40,36322,36323,36325,36327,36330],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,36324,744],{"class":58},[40,36326,289],{"class":54},[40,36328,36329],{"class":24512}," Study",[40,36331,36332],{"class":46}," Python\n",[40,36334,36335,36337,36339,36342,36344],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,36336,401],{"class":58},[40,36338,289],{"class":54},[40,36340,36341],{"class":24512}," Go",[40,36343,3663],{"class":535},[40,36345,36346],{"class":46}," a walk\n",[20,36348,36349,36350,36352,36353,289],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36351,35513],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36354,36355],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36357,36358,36359,289],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[282,36360,36362,36363,36365],{"href":36361},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36364,35513],{}," in Python",[129,36367,36369,36370,36372],{"id":36368},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36371,35831],{}," argument",[20,36374,36375,36376,36378],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36377,35831],{}," argument.",[20,36380,36381,36382,799,36384,2669],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36383,658],{},[15,36385,192],{},[31,36387,36389],{"className":33,"code":36388,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36390,36391,36423,36427,36455],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36392,36393,36395,36397,36399,36401,36403,36405,36407,36409,36411,36413,36415,36417,36419,36421],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36394,309],{"class":46},[40,36396,51],{"class":50},[40,36398,55],{"class":54},[40,36400,213],{"class":212},[40,36402,318],{"class":216},[40,36404,213],{"class":212},[40,36406,62],{"class":54},[40,36408,224],{"class":212},[40,36410,327],{"class":216},[40,36412,213],{"class":212},[40,36414,62],{"class":54},[40,36416,224],{"class":212},[40,36418,336],{"class":216},[40,36420,213],{"class":212},[40,36422,73],{"class":54},[40,36424,36425],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,36426,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,36428,36429,36431,36433,36435,36437,36439,36441,36443,36445,36447,36449,36451,36453],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,36430,1548],{"class":535},[40,36432,35585],{"class":46},[40,36434,62],{"class":54},[40,36436,35590],{"class":46},[40,36438,1554],{"class":535},[40,36440,35595],{"class":84},[40,36442,88],{"class":54},[40,36444,353],{"class":91},[40,36446,62],{"class":54},[40,36448,35810],{"class":8946},[40,36450,51],{"class":50},[40,36452,658],{"class":58},[40,36454,8112],{"class":54},[40,36456,36457,36459,36461,36463,36465,36467],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,36458,558],{"class":84},[40,36460,88],{"class":54},[40,36462,35610],{"class":91},[40,36464,62],{"class":54},[40,36466,35615],{"class":91},[40,36468,95],{"class":54},[20,36470,111],{},[31,36472,36474],{"className":33,"code":36473,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36475,36476,36482,36488],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36477,36478,36480],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36479,658],{"class":58},[40,36481,35631],{"class":46},[40,36483,36484,36486],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,36485,744],{"class":58},[40,36487,35638],{"class":46},[40,36489,36490,36492],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,36491,401],{"class":58},[40,36493,35645],{"class":46},[20,36495,36496],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36498,36499],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[129,36501,25120],{"id":25119},[20,36503,25123,36504,289],{},[15,36505,35513],{},[792,36507,36509],{"id":36508},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36511,36512],{},"In this loop:",[31,36514,36516],{"className":33,"code":36515,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36517,36518,36538,36542,36562],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36519,36520,36522,36524,36526,36528,36530,36532,36534,36536],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36521,47],{"class":46},[40,36523,51],{"class":50},[40,36525,55],{"class":54},[40,36527,59],{"class":58},[40,36529,62],{"class":54},[40,36531,65],{"class":58},[40,36533,62],{"class":54},[40,36535,70],{"class":58},[40,36537,73],{"class":54},[40,36539,36540],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,36541,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,36543,36544,36546,36548,36550,36552,36554,36556,36558,36560],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,36545,1548],{"class":535},[40,36547,35585],{"class":46},[40,36549,62],{"class":54},[40,36551,21345],{"class":46},[40,36553,1554],{"class":535},[40,36555,35595],{"class":84},[40,36557,88],{"class":54},[40,36559,92],{"class":91},[40,36561,8112],{"class":54},[40,36563,36564,36566,36568,36570,36572,36574],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,36565,558],{"class":84},[40,36567,88],{"class":54},[40,36569,35610],{"class":91},[40,36571,62],{"class":54},[40,36573,8203],{"class":91},[40,36575,95],{"class":54},[134,36577,36578,36588],{},[137,36579,36580,1156,36582,1973,36584,1973,36586],{},[15,36581,35610],{},[15,36583,192],{},[15,36585,658],{},[15,36587,744],{},[137,36589,36590,1156,36592,1973,36594,1973,36596],{},[15,36591,2255],{},[15,36593,59],{},[15,36595,15521],{},[15,36597,36598],{},"30",[20,36600,36601],{},"These are different things.",[792,36603,36605],{"id":36604},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36607,36608,36609,36611],{},"Each item from ",[15,36610,35513],{}," is a pair.",[20,36613,6466],{},[31,36615,36617],{"className":33,"code":36616,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36618,36619,36643,36647,36667],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36620,36621,36623,36625,36627,36629,36631,36633,36635,36637,36639,36641],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36622,479],{"class":46},[40,36624,51],{"class":50},[40,36626,55],{"class":54},[40,36628,213],{"class":212},[40,36630,1957],{"class":216},[40,36632,213],{"class":212},[40,36634,62],{"class":54},[40,36636,224],{"class":212},[40,36638,11514],{"class":216},[40,36640,213],{"class":212},[40,36642,73],{"class":54},[40,36644,36645],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,36646,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,36648,36649,36651,36653,36655,36657,36659,36661,36663,36665],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,36650,1548],{"class":535},[40,36652,35887],{"class":46},[40,36654,62],{"class":54},[40,36656,5737],{"class":46},[40,36658,1554],{"class":535},[40,36660,35595],{"class":84},[40,36662,88],{"class":54},[40,36664,497],{"class":91},[40,36666,8112],{"class":54},[40,36668,36669,36671,36673,36675,36677,36679],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,36670,558],{"class":84},[40,36672,88],{"class":54},[40,36674,1578],{"class":91},[40,36676,62],{"class":54},[40,36678,29267],{"class":91},[40,36680,95],{"class":54},[20,36682,36683],{},"But this causes an error:",[31,36685,36687],{"className":33,"code":36686,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36688,36689,36713,36717,36742],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36690,36691,36693,36695,36697,36699,36701,36703,36705,36707,36709,36711],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36692,479],{"class":46},[40,36694,51],{"class":50},[40,36696,55],{"class":54},[40,36698,213],{"class":212},[40,36700,1957],{"class":216},[40,36702,213],{"class":212},[40,36704,62],{"class":54},[40,36706,224],{"class":212},[40,36708,11514],{"class":216},[40,36710,213],{"class":212},[40,36712,73],{"class":54},[40,36714,36715],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,36716,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,36718,36719,36721,36723,36725,36727,36729,36732,36734,36736,36738,36740],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,36720,1548],{"class":535},[40,36722,35887],{"class":46},[40,36724,62],{"class":54},[40,36726,29267],{"class":46},[40,36728,62],{"class":54},[40,36730,36731],{"class":46}," extra ",[40,36733,1554],{"class":535},[40,36735,35595],{"class":84},[40,36737,88],{"class":54},[40,36739,497],{"class":91},[40,36741,8112],{"class":54},[40,36743,36744,36746,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756,36759],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,36745,558],{"class":84},[40,36747,88],{"class":54},[40,36749,1578],{"class":91},[40,36751,62],{"class":54},[40,36753,29267],{"class":91},[40,36755,62],{"class":54},[40,36757,36758],{"class":91}," extra",[40,36760,95],{"class":54},[20,36762,28821,36763,36765],{},[15,36764,35513],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[792,36767,36769,36771],{"id":36768},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36770,35513],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36773,36774],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36776,36777],{},"Example with a string:",[31,36779,36781],{"className":33,"code":36780,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36782,36783,36808],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36784,36785,36787,36789,36791,36794,36796,36798,36800,36802,36804,36806],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36786,1548],{"class":535},[40,36788,35585],{"class":46},[40,36790,62],{"class":54},[40,36792,36793],{"class":46}," char ",[40,36795,1554],{"class":535},[40,36797,35595],{"class":84},[40,36799,88],{"class":54},[40,36801,213],{"class":212},[40,36803,217],{"class":216},[40,36805,213],{"class":212},[40,36807,8112],{"class":54},[40,36809,36810,36812,36814,36816,36818,36821],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,36811,558],{"class":84},[40,36813,88],{"class":54},[40,36815,35610],{"class":91},[40,36817,62],{"class":54},[40,36819,36820],{"class":91}," char",[40,36822,95],{"class":54},[20,36824,111],{},[31,36826,36828],{"className":33,"code":36827,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36829,36830,36836,36842],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36831,36832,36834],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36833,192],{"class":58},[40,36835,35945],{"class":46},[40,36837,36838,36840],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,36839,658],{"class":58},[40,36841,35931],{"class":46},[40,36843,36844,36846],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,36845,744],{"class":58},[40,36847,36848],{"class":46}," t\n",[20,36850,36851,36852,289],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[282,36853,4915],{"href":5365},[792,36855,36857],{"id":36856},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36859,36860,36861,289],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36862,35513],{},[20,36864,36865,36866,36868],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36867,1548],{}," loop:",[31,36870,36872],{"className":33,"code":36871,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36873,36874,36906,36910,36922],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36875,36876,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888,36890,36892,36894,36896,36898,36900,36902,36904],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36877,309],{"class":46},[40,36879,51],{"class":50},[40,36881,55],{"class":54},[40,36883,213],{"class":212},[40,36885,318],{"class":216},[40,36887,213],{"class":212},[40,36889,62],{"class":54},[40,36891,224],{"class":212},[40,36893,327],{"class":216},[40,36895,213],{"class":212},[40,36897,62],{"class":54},[40,36899,224],{"class":212},[40,36901,336],{"class":216},[40,36903,213],{"class":212},[40,36905,73],{"class":54},[40,36907,36908],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,36909,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,36911,36912,36914,36916,36918,36920],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,36913,1548],{"class":535},[40,36915,35590],{"class":46},[40,36917,1554],{"class":535},[40,36919,12890],{"class":46},[40,36921,553],{"class":54},[40,36923,36924,36926,36928,36930],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,36925,558],{"class":84},[40,36927,88],{"class":54},[40,36929,32652],{"class":91},[40,36931,95],{"class":54},[20,36933,36934],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[129,36936,2613],{"id":2612},[20,36938,36939],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[134,36941,36942,36947,36953,36958],{},[137,36943,22862,36944,36946],{},[15,36945,35513],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[137,36948,36949,36950,36952],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36951,192],{}," by default",[137,36954,795,36955,36957],{},[15,36956,35513],{}," when only values are needed",[137,36959,36960,36961,8475,36963],{},"Confusing ",[15,36962,35513],{},[15,36964,35954],{},[20,36966,36967],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[31,36969,36971],{"className":33,"code":36970,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36972,36973,36995,37022,37056,37089],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,36974,36975,36977,36979,36981,36983,36985,36987,36989,36991,36993],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,36976,101],{"class":84},[40,36978,88],{"class":54},[40,36980,35801],{"class":84},[40,36982,2771],{"class":54},[40,36984,59],{"class":58},[40,36986,62],{"class":54},[40,36988,65],{"class":58},[40,36990,62],{"class":54},[40,36992,70],{"class":58},[40,36994,2784],{"class":54},[40,36996,36997,36999,37001,37003,37005,37007,37009,37011,37013,37015,37017,37019],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,36998,101],{"class":84},[40,37000,88],{"class":54},[40,37002,610],{"class":609},[40,37004,88],{"class":54},[40,37006,35801],{"class":84},[40,37008,2771],{"class":54},[40,37010,59],{"class":58},[40,37012,62],{"class":54},[40,37014,65],{"class":58},[40,37016,62],{"class":54},[40,37018,70],{"class":58},[40,37020,37021],{"class":54},"])))\n",[40,37023,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048,37050,37052,37054],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,37025,101],{"class":84},[40,37027,88],{"class":54},[40,37029,610],{"class":609},[40,37031,88],{"class":54},[40,37033,35801],{"class":84},[40,37035,2771],{"class":54},[40,37037,59],{"class":58},[40,37039,62],{"class":54},[40,37041,65],{"class":58},[40,37043,62],{"class":54},[40,37045,70],{"class":58},[40,37047,666],{"class":54},[40,37049,35810],{"class":8946},[40,37051,51],{"class":50},[40,37053,658],{"class":58},[40,37055,2697],{"class":54},[40,37057,37058,37060,37062,37064,37066,37068,37070,37072,37074,37076,37078,37080,37082,37084,37086],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,37059,1548],{"class":535},[40,37061,35887],{"class":46},[40,37063,62],{"class":54},[40,37065,21345],{"class":46},[40,37067,1554],{"class":535},[40,37069,35595],{"class":84},[40,37071,2771],{"class":54},[40,37073,3087],{"class":212},[40,37075,282],{"class":216},[40,37077,3087],{"class":212},[40,37079,62],{"class":54},[40,37081,3082],{"class":212},[40,37083,1017],{"class":216},[40,37085,3087],{"class":212},[40,37087,37088],{"class":54},"]):\n",[40,37090,37091,37093,37095,37097,37099,37101],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,37092,558],{"class":84},[40,37094,88],{"class":54},[40,37096,1578],{"class":91},[40,37098,62],{"class":54},[40,37100,8203],{"class":91},[40,37102,95],{"class":54},[20,37104,16724],{},[31,37106,37108],{"className":33,"code":37107,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37109,37110,37130,37162,37194,37200],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37111,37112,37114,37116,37118,37121,37125,37128],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37113,3076],{"class":50},[40,37115,35801],{"class":84},[40,37117,24379],{"class":609},[40,37119,37120],{"class":46}," at ",[40,37122,37124],{"class":37123},"srjyR","0x",[40,37126,37127],{"class":34215},"...",[40,37129,3090],{"class":50},[40,37131,37132,37134,37136,37138,37140,37142,37144,37146,37148,37150,37152,37154,37156,37158,37160],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,37133,21501],{"class":54},[40,37135,192],{"class":58},[40,37137,62],{"class":54},[40,37139,5781],{"class":58},[40,37141,9003],{"class":54},[40,37143,9006],{"class":54},[40,37145,658],{"class":58},[40,37147,62],{"class":54},[40,37149,65],{"class":58},[40,37151,9003],{"class":54},[40,37153,9006],{"class":54},[40,37155,744],{"class":58},[40,37157,62],{"class":54},[40,37159,70],{"class":58},[40,37161,9019],{"class":54},[40,37163,37164,37166,37168,37170,37172,37174,37176,37178,37180,37182,37184,37186,37188,37190,37192],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,37165,21501],{"class":54},[40,37167,658],{"class":58},[40,37169,62],{"class":54},[40,37171,5781],{"class":58},[40,37173,9003],{"class":54},[40,37175,9006],{"class":54},[40,37177,744],{"class":58},[40,37179,62],{"class":54},[40,37181,65],{"class":58},[40,37183,9003],{"class":54},[40,37185,9006],{"class":54},[40,37187,401],{"class":58},[40,37189,62],{"class":54},[40,37191,70],{"class":58},[40,37193,9019],{"class":54},[40,37195,37196,37198],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,37197,192],{"class":58},[40,37199,35931],{"class":46},[40,37201,37202,37204],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,37203,658],{"class":58},[40,37205,35938],{"class":46},[129,37207,1636],{"id":1635},[792,37209,1650,37211,4923],{"id":37210},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37212,35513],{},[20,37214,37215],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[792,37217,12474,37219,37221],{"id":37218},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37220,35513],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37223,37224,37225,37227,37228,37231],{},"It starts at ",[15,37226,192],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37229,37230],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[792,37233,21181,37235,799,37237,2275],{"id":37234},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37236,35513],{},[15,37238,37239],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37241,36349,37242,37244],{},[15,37243,35513],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[792,37246,4947,37248,37250],{"id":37247},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37249,35513],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37252,37253,37254,37256],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37255,35513],{}," can return each character with its index.",[129,37258,1687],{"id":1686},[134,37260,37261,37265,37271,37278],{},[137,37262,37263],{},[282,37264,35787],{"href":35786},[137,37266,37267],{},[282,37268,285,37269,288],{"href":35951},[15,37270,35954],{},[137,37272,37273],{},[282,37274,37275,37276,36365],{"href":36361},"How to use ",[15,37277,35513],{},[137,37279,37280],{},[282,37281,4994],{"href":5365},[1715,37283,37284],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":37286},[37287,37288,37290,37291,37293,37295,37297,37304,37305,37315],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":35653,"depth":76,"text":37289},"What enumerate() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":35957,"depth":76,"text":37292},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36172,"depth":76,"text":37294},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36368,"depth":76,"text":37296},"Using the start argument",{"id":25119,"depth":76,"text":25120,"children":37298},[37299,37300,37301,37303],{"id":36508,"depth":98,"text":36509},{"id":36604,"depth":98,"text":36605},{"id":36768,"depth":98,"text":37302},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36856,"depth":98,"text":36857},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":37306},[37307,37309,37311,37313],{"id":37210,"depth":98,"text":37308},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37218,"depth":98,"text":37310},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37234,"depth":98,"text":37312},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37247,"depth":98,"text":37314},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35505,"description":37316},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37323,"title":37324,"body":37325,"description":39838,"extension":1746,"meta":39839,"navigation":360,"path":39840,"seo":39841,"stem":39842,"__hash__":39843},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37326,"toc":39795},[37327,37333,37338,37341,37349,37363,37365,37455,37463,37468,37473,37475,37491,37493,37572,37574,37591,37597,37601,37603,37624,37628,37631,37643,37647,37650,37653,37670,37673,37749,37751,37768,37773,37777,37785,37788,37803,37805,37894,37896,37941,37944,37948,37951,38030,38032,38054,38057,38064,38069,38072,38173,38175,38200,38203,38210,38216,38221,38224,38235,38341,38343,38364,38372,38379,38385,38404,38409,38412,38431,38433,38518,38520,38549,38552,38557,38562,38565,38576,38578,38667,38669,38689,38695,38801,38803,38823,38826,38910,38912,38932,38939,38941,38945,38951,38954,39011,39014,39017,39078,39087,39090,39093,39121,39124,39184,39186,39203,39207,39210,39288,39290,39310,39313,39388,39392,39395,39397,39406,39411,39413,39464,39472,39484,39489,39550,39552,39569,39573,39636,39638,39663,39671,39673,39679,39685,39692,39700,39706,39709,39716,39726,39732,39738,39741,39758,39764,39766,39792],[10,37328,285,37330,3366],{"id":37329},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37331,37332],{},"filter()",[20,37334,37335,37337],{},[15,37336,37332],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37339,37340],{},"It takes:",[134,37342,37343,37346],{},[137,37344,37345],{},"a function that checks each item",[137,37347,37348],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37350,37351,37352,37355,37356,37359,37360,37362],{},"The result is ",[183,37353,37354],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37357,37358],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37361,24543],{}," to see the values.",[129,37364,1787],{"id":1786},[31,37366,37368],{"className":33,"code":37367,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37369,37370,37402,37438],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37371,37372,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394,37396,37398,37400],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37373,47],{"class":46},[40,37375,51],{"class":50},[40,37377,55],{"class":54},[40,37379,658],{"class":58},[40,37381,62],{"class":54},[40,37383,663],{"class":58},[40,37385,62],{"class":54},[40,37387,749],{"class":58},[40,37389,62],{"class":54},[40,37391,675],{"class":58},[40,37393,62],{"class":54},[40,37395,4387],{"class":58},[40,37397,62],{"class":54},[40,37399,687],{"class":58},[40,37401,73],{"class":54},[40,37403,37404,37406,37408,37411,37413,37416,37420,37422,37424,37426,37428,37430,37432,37434,37436],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,37405,2013],{"class":46},[40,37407,51],{"class":50},[40,37409,37410],{"class":84}," filter",[40,37412,88],{"class":54},[40,37414,37415],{"class":1848},"lambda",[40,37417,37419],{"class":37418},"sFwrP"," x",[40,37421,2669],{"class":54},[40,37423,3666],{"class":91},[40,37425,6180],{"class":50},[40,37427,663],{"class":58},[40,37429,6185],{"class":50},[40,37431,550],{"class":58},[40,37433,62],{"class":54},[40,37435,4045],{"class":91},[40,37437,95],{"class":54},[40,37439,37440,37442,37444,37446,37448,37450,37452],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,37441,101],{"class":84},[40,37443,88],{"class":54},[40,37445,610],{"class":609},[40,37447,88],{"class":54},[40,37449,2048],{"class":91},[40,37451,5140],{"class":54},[40,37453,37454],{"class":3449},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37456,37457,37459,37460,37462],{},[15,37458,37332],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37461,24543],{}," to see the results.",[129,37464,158,37466,3466],{"id":37465},"what-filter-does",[15,37467,37332],{},[20,37469,37470,37472],{},[15,37471,37332],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37474,1890],{},[134,37476,37477,37480,37486],{},[137,37478,37479],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[137,37481,37482,37483,37485],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37484,3391],{},", the item is kept",[137,37487,37482,37488,37490],{},[15,37489,3460],{},", the item is removed",[20,37492,195],{},[31,37494,37496],{"className":33,"code":37495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37497,37498,37526,37530,37558],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37499,37500,37502,37504,37506,37508,37510,37512,37514,37516,37518,37520,37522,37524],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37501,47],{"class":46},[40,37503,51],{"class":50},[40,37505,55],{"class":54},[40,37507,658],{"class":58},[40,37509,62],{"class":54},[40,37511,663],{"class":58},[40,37513,62],{"class":54},[40,37515,749],{"class":58},[40,37517,62],{"class":54},[40,37519,675],{"class":58},[40,37521,62],{"class":54},[40,37523,4387],{"class":58},[40,37525,73],{"class":54},[40,37527,37528],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,37529,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,37531,37532,37534,37536,37538,37540,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,37533,2013],{"class":46},[40,37535,51],{"class":50},[40,37537,37410],{"class":84},[40,37539,88],{"class":54},[40,37541,37415],{"class":1848},[40,37543,37419],{"class":37418},[40,37545,2669],{"class":54},[40,37547,3666],{"class":91},[40,37549,4034],{"class":50},[40,37551,749],{"class":58},[40,37553,62],{"class":54},[40,37555,4045],{"class":91},[40,37557,95],{"class":54},[40,37559,37560,37562,37564,37566,37568,37570],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,37561,101],{"class":84},[40,37563,88],{"class":54},[40,37565,610],{"class":609},[40,37567,88],{"class":54},[40,37569,2048],{"class":91},[40,37571,256],{"class":54},[20,37573,111],{},[31,37575,37577],{"className":33,"code":37576,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37578,37579],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37580,37581,37583,37585,37587,37589],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37582,565],{"class":54},[40,37584,2288],{"class":58},[40,37586,62],{"class":54},[40,37588,4387],{"class":58},[40,37590,73],{"class":54},[20,37592,37593,37594,37596],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37595,401],{}," are kept.",[129,37598,37600],{"id":37599},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37602,1943],{},[31,37604,37606],{"className":33,"code":37605,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37607,37608],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37609,37610,37612,37614,37617,37619,37622],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37611,37358],{"class":84},[40,37613,88],{"class":54},[40,37615,37616],{"class":91},"function",[40,37618,62],{"class":54},[40,37620,37621],{"class":91}," iterable",[40,37623,95],{"class":54},[792,37625,37626],{"id":37616},[15,37627,37616],{},[20,37629,37630],{},"This is the test function.",[134,37632,37633,37636],{},[137,37634,37635],{},"It receives one item at a time",[137,37637,37638,37639,2662,37641],{},"It should return ",[15,37640,3391],{},[15,37642,3460],{},[792,37644,37645],{"id":3507},[15,37646,3507],{},[20,37648,37649],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37651,37652],{},"It can be:",[134,37654,37655,37658,37661,37664,37667],{},[137,37656,37657],{},"a list",[137,37659,37660],{},"a tuple",[137,37662,37663],{},"a string",[137,37665,37666],{},"a set",[137,37668,37669],{},"another iterable object",[20,37671,37672],{},"Example with a tuple:",[31,37674,37676],{"className":33,"code":37675,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37677,37678,37703,37707,37735],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37679,37680,37682,37684,37686,37688,37690,37693,37695,37697,37699,37701],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37681,47],{"class":46},[40,37683,51],{"class":50},[40,37685,9006],{"class":54},[40,37687,59],{"class":58},[40,37689,62],{"class":54},[40,37691,37692],{"class":58}," 15",[40,37694,62],{"class":54},[40,37696,65],{"class":58},[40,37698,62],{"class":54},[40,37700,9076],{"class":58},[40,37702,95],{"class":54},[40,37704,37705],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,37706,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,37708,37709,37711,37713,37715,37717,37719,37721,37723,37725,37727,37729,37731,37733],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,37710,2013],{"class":46},[40,37712,51],{"class":50},[40,37714,37410],{"class":84},[40,37716,88],{"class":54},[40,37718,37415],{"class":1848},[40,37720,37419],{"class":37418},[40,37722,2669],{"class":54},[40,37724,3666],{"class":91},[40,37726,4877],{"class":50},[40,37728,65],{"class":58},[40,37730,62],{"class":54},[40,37732,4045],{"class":91},[40,37734,95],{"class":54},[40,37736,37737,37739,37741,37743,37745,37747],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,37738,101],{"class":84},[40,37740,88],{"class":54},[40,37742,610],{"class":609},[40,37744,88],{"class":54},[40,37746,2048],{"class":91},[40,37748,256],{"class":54},[20,37750,111],{},[31,37752,37754],{"className":33,"code":37753,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37755,37756],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37757,37758,37760,37762,37764,37766],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37759,565],{"class":54},[40,37761,15521],{"class":58},[40,37763,62],{"class":54},[40,37765,9076],{"class":58},[40,37767,73],{"class":54},[20,37769,37770,37771,289],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[282,37772,4915],{"href":5365},[129,37774,37776],{"id":37775},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37778,37779,37780,21736,37782,289],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37781,37332],{},[183,37783,37784],{},"filter object",[20,37786,37787],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[134,37789,37790,37793,37798],{},[137,37791,37792],{},"loop through it",[137,37794,37795,37796],{},"convert it with ",[15,37797,24543],{},[137,37799,37795,37800],{},[15,37801,37802],{},"tuple()",[20,37804,195],{},[31,37806,37808],{"className":33,"code":37807,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37809,37810,37852,37856,37866,37880],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37811,37812,37814,37816,37818,37820,37822,37824,37826,37828,37830,37832,37834,37836,37838,37840,37842,37844,37846,37848,37850],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37813,2013],{"class":46},[40,37815,51],{"class":50},[40,37817,37410],{"class":84},[40,37819,88],{"class":54},[40,37821,37415],{"class":1848},[40,37823,37419],{"class":37418},[40,37825,2669],{"class":54},[40,37827,3666],{"class":91},[40,37829,4034],{"class":50},[40,37831,663],{"class":58},[40,37833,62],{"class":54},[40,37835,55],{"class":54},[40,37837,658],{"class":58},[40,37839,62],{"class":54},[40,37841,663],{"class":58},[40,37843,62],{"class":54},[40,37845,749],{"class":58},[40,37847,62],{"class":54},[40,37849,675],{"class":58},[40,37851,570],{"class":54},[40,37853,37854],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,37855,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,37857,37858,37860,37862,37864],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,37859,101],{"class":84},[40,37861,88],{"class":54},[40,37863,2048],{"class":91},[40,37865,95],{"class":54},[40,37867,37868,37870,37872,37874,37876,37878],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,37869,101],{"class":84},[40,37871,88],{"class":54},[40,37873,1297],{"class":609},[40,37875,88],{"class":54},[40,37877,2048],{"class":91},[40,37879,256],{"class":54},[40,37881,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,37883,101],{"class":84},[40,37885,88],{"class":54},[40,37887,610],{"class":609},[40,37889,88],{"class":54},[40,37891,2048],{"class":91},[40,37893,256],{"class":54},[20,37895,111],{},[31,37897,37899],{"className":33,"code":37898,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37900,37901,37915,37929],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37902,37903,37905,37907,37909,37911,37913],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37904,3076],{"class":50},[40,37906,37358],{"class":84},[40,37908,24379],{"class":609},[40,37910,37120],{"class":46},[40,37912,37127],{"class":34215},[40,37914,3090],{"class":50},[40,37916,37917,37919,37921,37923,37925,37927],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,37918,3076],{"class":50},[40,37920,3079],{"class":1848},[40,37922,3082],{"class":212},[40,37924,37358],{"class":216},[40,37926,3087],{"class":212},[40,37928,3090],{"class":50},[40,37930,37931,37933,37935,37937,37939],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,37932,565],{"class":54},[40,37934,401],{"class":58},[40,37936,62],{"class":54},[40,37938,675],{"class":58},[40,37940,73],{"class":54},[20,37942,37943],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[792,37945,37947],{"id":37946},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37949,37950],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[31,37952,37954],{"className":33,"code":37953,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37955,37956,37998,38002,38016],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,37957,37958,37960,37962,37964,37966,37968,37970,37972,37974,37976,37978,37980,37982,37984,37986,37988,37990,37992,37994,37996],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,37959,2013],{"class":46},[40,37961,51],{"class":50},[40,37963,37410],{"class":84},[40,37965,88],{"class":54},[40,37967,37415],{"class":1848},[40,37969,37419],{"class":37418},[40,37971,2669],{"class":54},[40,37973,3666],{"class":91},[40,37975,4034],{"class":50},[40,37977,663],{"class":58},[40,37979,62],{"class":54},[40,37981,55],{"class":54},[40,37983,658],{"class":58},[40,37985,62],{"class":54},[40,37987,663],{"class":58},[40,37989,62],{"class":54},[40,37991,749],{"class":58},[40,37993,62],{"class":54},[40,37995,675],{"class":58},[40,37997,570],{"class":54},[40,37999,38000],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,38001,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,38003,38004,38006,38008,38010,38012,38014],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,38005,101],{"class":84},[40,38007,88],{"class":54},[40,38009,610],{"class":609},[40,38011,88],{"class":54},[40,38013,2048],{"class":91},[40,38015,256],{"class":54},[40,38017,38018,38020,38022,38024,38026,38028],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,38019,101],{"class":84},[40,38021,88],{"class":54},[40,38023,610],{"class":609},[40,38025,88],{"class":54},[40,38027,2048],{"class":91},[40,38029,256],{"class":54},[20,38031,111],{},[31,38033,38035],{"className":33,"code":38034,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38036,38037,38049],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38038,38039,38041,38043,38045,38047],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38040,565],{"class":54},[40,38042,401],{"class":58},[40,38044,62],{"class":54},[40,38046,675],{"class":58},[40,38048,73],{"class":54},[40,38050,38051],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,38052,38053],{"class":54},"[]\n",[20,38055,38056],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[129,38058,795,38060,8475,38062],{"id":38059},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38061,37332],{},[15,38063,37415],{},[20,38065,14955,38066,38068],{},[15,38067,37415],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38070,38071],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[31,38073,38075],{"className":33,"code":38074,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38076,38077,38119,38123,38159],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38078,38079,38081,38083,38085,38087,38089,38091,38093,38095,38098,38100,38102,38104,38106,38108,38110,38112,38115,38117],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38080,205],{"class":46},[40,38082,51],{"class":50},[40,38084,55],{"class":54},[40,38086,213],{"class":212},[40,38088,3862],{"class":216},[40,38090,213],{"class":212},[40,38092,62],{"class":54},[40,38094,224],{"class":212},[40,38096,38097],{"class":216},"kiwi",[40,38099,213],{"class":212},[40,38101,62],{"class":54},[40,38103,224],{"class":212},[40,38105,3871],{"class":216},[40,38107,213],{"class":212},[40,38109,62],{"class":54},[40,38111,224],{"class":212},[40,38113,38114],{"class":216},"fig",[40,38116,213],{"class":212},[40,38118,73],{"class":54},[40,38120,38121],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,38122,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,38124,38125,38127,38129,38131,38133,38135,38138,38140,38142,38144,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,38126,2013],{"class":46},[40,38128,51],{"class":50},[40,38130,37410],{"class":84},[40,38132,88],{"class":54},[40,38134,37415],{"class":1848},[40,38136,38137],{"class":37418}," word",[40,38139,2669],{"class":54},[40,38141,85],{"class":84},[40,38143,88],{"class":54},[40,38145,38146],{"class":91},"word",[40,38148,18],{"class":54},[40,38150,547],{"class":50},[40,38152,675],{"class":58},[40,38154,62],{"class":54},[40,38156,5945],{"class":91},[40,38158,95],{"class":54},[40,38160,38161,38163,38165,38167,38169,38171],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,38162,101],{"class":84},[40,38164,88],{"class":54},[40,38166,610],{"class":609},[40,38168,88],{"class":54},[40,38170,2048],{"class":91},[40,38172,256],{"class":54},[20,38174,111],{},[31,38176,38178],{"className":33,"code":38177,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38179,38180],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38181,38182,38184,38186,38188,38190,38192,38194,38196,38198],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38183,565],{"class":54},[40,38185,3087],{"class":212},[40,38187,3862],{"class":216},[40,38189,3087],{"class":212},[40,38191,62],{"class":54},[40,38193,3082],{"class":212},[40,38195,3871],{"class":216},[40,38197,3087],{"class":212},[40,38199,73],{"class":54},[20,38201,38202],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38204,38205,38206,289],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[282,38207,38209],{"href":38208},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[129,38211,795,38213,38215],{"id":38212},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38214,37332],{}," with a named function",[20,38217,38218,38219,289],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38220,37415],{},[20,38222,38223],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[134,38225,38226,38229,38232],{},[137,38227,38228],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[137,38230,38231],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[137,38233,38234],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[31,38236,38238],{"className":33,"code":38237,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38239,38240,38253,38268,38272,38304,38323,38327],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38241,38242,38244,38247,38249,38251],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38243,34614],{"class":1848},[40,38245,38246],{"class":34617}," is_even",[40,38248,88],{"class":54},[40,38250,2023],{"class":37418},[40,38252,8112],{"class":54},[40,38254,38255,38257,38259,38261,38263,38265],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,38256,34625],{"class":535},[40,38258,6164],{"class":46},[40,38260,6180],{"class":50},[40,38262,663],{"class":58},[40,38264,6185],{"class":50},[40,38266,38267],{"class":58}," 0\n",[40,38269,38270],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,38271,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,38273,38274,38276,38278,38280,38282,38284,38286,38288,38290,38292,38294,38296,38298,38300,38302],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,38275,47],{"class":46},[40,38277,51],{"class":50},[40,38279,55],{"class":54},[40,38281,658],{"class":58},[40,38283,62],{"class":54},[40,38285,663],{"class":58},[40,38287,62],{"class":54},[40,38289,749],{"class":58},[40,38291,62],{"class":54},[40,38293,675],{"class":58},[40,38295,62],{"class":54},[40,38297,4387],{"class":58},[40,38299,62],{"class":54},[40,38301,687],{"class":58},[40,38303,73],{"class":54},[40,38305,38306,38308,38310,38312,38314,38317,38319,38321],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,38307,2013],{"class":46},[40,38309,51],{"class":50},[40,38311,37410],{"class":84},[40,38313,88],{"class":54},[40,38315,38316],{"class":91},"is_even",[40,38318,62],{"class":54},[40,38320,4045],{"class":91},[40,38322,95],{"class":54},[40,38324,38325],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,38326,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,38328,38329,38331,38333,38335,38337,38339],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,38330,101],{"class":84},[40,38332,88],{"class":54},[40,38334,610],{"class":609},[40,38336,88],{"class":54},[40,38338,2048],{"class":91},[40,38340,256],{"class":54},[20,38342,111],{},[31,38344,38346],{"className":33,"code":38345,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38347,38348],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38349,38350,38352,38354,38356,38358,38360,38362],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38351,565],{"class":54},[40,38353,744],{"class":58},[40,38355,62],{"class":54},[40,38357,675],{"class":58},[40,38359,62],{"class":54},[40,38361,687],{"class":58},[40,38363,73],{"class":54},[20,38365,20532,38366,398,38369,38371],{},[15,38367,38368],{},"is_even()",[15,38370,3391],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[129,38373,795,38375,8475,38377],{"id":38374},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38376,3565],{},[15,38378,37332],{},[20,38380,38381,38382,38384],{},"You can pass ",[15,38383,3565],{}," as the first argument:",[31,38386,38388],{"className":33,"code":38387,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38389,38390],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38391,38392,38394,38396,38398,38400,38402],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38393,37358],{"class":84},[40,38395,88],{"class":54},[40,38397,3565],{"class":1494},[40,38399,62],{"class":54},[40,38401,37621],{"class":91},[40,38403,95],{"class":54},[20,38405,38406,38407,7117],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[183,38408,5375],{},[20,38410,38411],{},"Falsy values include:",[134,38413,38414,38418,38423,38427],{},[137,38415,38416],{},[15,38417,192],{},[137,38419,38420,38422],{},[15,38421,3560],{}," (empty string)",[137,38424,38425],{},[15,38426,3565],{},[137,38428,38429],{},[15,38430,3460],{},[20,38432,195],{},[31,38434,38436],{"className":33,"code":38435,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38437,38438,38482,38486,38504],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38439,38440,38442,38444,38446,38448,38450,38452,38454,38456,38458,38460,38462,38464,38466,38468,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478,38480],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38441,479],{"class":46},[40,38443,51],{"class":50},[40,38445,55],{"class":54},[40,38447,192],{"class":58},[40,38449,62],{"class":54},[40,38451,1226],{"class":58},[40,38453,62],{"class":54},[40,38455,5903],{"class":212},[40,38457,62],{"class":54},[40,38459,224],{"class":212},[40,38461,3632],{"class":216},[40,38463,213],{"class":212},[40,38465,62],{"class":54},[40,38467,3639],{"class":1494},[40,38469,62],{"class":54},[40,38471,3700],{"class":1494},[40,38473,62],{"class":54},[40,38475,3691],{"class":1494},[40,38477,62],{"class":54},[40,38479,4387],{"class":58},[40,38481,73],{"class":54},[40,38483,38484],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,38485,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,38487,38488,38490,38492,38494,38496,38498,38500,38502],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,38489,2013],{"class":46},[40,38491,51],{"class":50},[40,38493,37410],{"class":84},[40,38495,88],{"class":54},[40,38497,3565],{"class":1494},[40,38499,62],{"class":54},[40,38501,5742],{"class":91},[40,38503,95],{"class":54},[40,38505,38506,38508,38510,38512,38514,38516],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,38507,101],{"class":84},[40,38509,88],{"class":54},[40,38511,610],{"class":609},[40,38513,88],{"class":54},[40,38515,2048],{"class":91},[40,38517,256],{"class":54},[20,38519,111],{},[31,38521,38523],{"className":33,"code":38522,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38524,38525],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38526,38527,38529,38531,38533,38535,38537,38539,38541,38543,38545,38547],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38528,565],{"class":54},[40,38530,658],{"class":58},[40,38532,62],{"class":54},[40,38534,3082],{"class":212},[40,38536,3632],{"class":216},[40,38538,3087],{"class":212},[40,38540,62],{"class":54},[40,38542,3700],{"class":1494},[40,38544,62],{"class":54},[40,38546,4387],{"class":58},[40,38548,73],{"class":54},[20,38550,38551],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[129,38553,1345,38555],{"id":38554},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38556,37332],{},[20,38558,123,38559,38561],{},[15,38560,37332],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38563,38564],{},"It works well for:",[134,38566,38567,38570,38573],{},[137,38568,38569],{},"simple filtering rules",[137,38571,38572],{},"quick data cleaning",[137,38574,38575],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38577,195],{},[31,38579,38581],{"className":33,"code":38580,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38582,38583,38615,38648,38652],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38584,38585,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38586,47],{"class":46},[40,38588,51],{"class":50},[40,38590,55],{"class":54},[40,38592,658],{"class":58},[40,38594,62],{"class":54},[40,38596,663],{"class":58},[40,38598,62],{"class":54},[40,38600,749],{"class":58},[40,38602,62],{"class":54},[40,38604,675],{"class":58},[40,38606,62],{"class":54},[40,38608,4387],{"class":58},[40,38610,62],{"class":54},[40,38612,687],{"class":58},[40,38614,73],{"class":54},[40,38616,38617,38620,38622,38624,38626,38628,38630,38632,38634,38636,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,38618,38619],{"class":46},"evens ",[40,38621,51],{"class":50},[40,38623,37410],{"class":84},[40,38625,88],{"class":54},[40,38627,37415],{"class":1848},[40,38629,37419],{"class":37418},[40,38631,2669],{"class":54},[40,38633,3666],{"class":91},[40,38635,6180],{"class":50},[40,38637,663],{"class":58},[40,38639,6185],{"class":50},[40,38641,550],{"class":58},[40,38643,62],{"class":54},[40,38645,4045],{"class":91},[40,38647,95],{"class":54},[40,38649,38650],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,38651,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,38653,38654,38656,38658,38660,38662,38665],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,38655,101],{"class":84},[40,38657,88],{"class":54},[40,38659,610],{"class":609},[40,38661,88],{"class":54},[40,38663,38664],{"class":91},"evens",[40,38666,256],{"class":54},[20,38668,111],{},[31,38670,38671],{"className":33,"code":38345,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,38672,38673],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38674,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685,38687],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38676,565],{"class":54},[40,38678,744],{"class":58},[40,38680,62],{"class":54},[40,38682,675],{"class":58},[40,38684,62],{"class":54},[40,38686,687],{"class":58},[40,38688,73],{"class":54},[20,38690,38691,38692,38694],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38693,1548],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[31,38696,38698],{"className":33,"code":38697,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38699,38700,38732,38740,38744,38756,38772,38787,38791],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38701,38702,38704,38706,38708,38710,38712,38714,38716,38718,38720,38722,38724,38726,38728,38730],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38703,47],{"class":46},[40,38705,51],{"class":50},[40,38707,55],{"class":54},[40,38709,658],{"class":58},[40,38711,62],{"class":54},[40,38713,663],{"class":58},[40,38715,62],{"class":54},[40,38717,749],{"class":58},[40,38719,62],{"class":54},[40,38721,675],{"class":58},[40,38723,62],{"class":54},[40,38725,4387],{"class":58},[40,38727,62],{"class":54},[40,38729,687],{"class":58},[40,38731,73],{"class":54},[40,38733,38734,38736,38738],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,38735,38619],{"class":46},[40,38737,51],{"class":50},[40,38739,484],{"class":54},[40,38741,38742],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,38743,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,38745,38746,38748,38750,38752,38754],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,38747,1548],{"class":535},[40,38749,6164],{"class":46},[40,38751,1554],{"class":535},[40,38753,4045],{"class":46},[40,38755,553],{"class":54},[40,38757,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,38759,6175],{"class":535},[40,38761,6164],{"class":46},[40,38763,6180],{"class":50},[40,38765,663],{"class":58},[40,38767,6185],{"class":50},[40,38769,550],{"class":58},[40,38771,553],{"class":54},[40,38773,38774,38777,38779,38781,38783,38785],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,38775,38776],{"class":46},"        evens",[40,38778,289],{"class":54},[40,38780,13320],{"class":91},[40,38782,88],{"class":54},[40,38784,2023],{"class":91},[40,38786,95],{"class":54},[40,38788,38789],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,38790,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,38792,38793,38795,38797,38799],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,38794,101],{"class":84},[40,38796,88],{"class":54},[40,38798,38664],{"class":91},[40,38800,95],{"class":54},[20,38802,111],{},[31,38804,38805],{"className":33,"code":38345,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,38806,38807],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38808,38809,38811,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38810,565],{"class":54},[40,38812,744],{"class":58},[40,38814,62],{"class":54},[40,38816,675],{"class":58},[40,38818,62],{"class":54},[40,38820,687],{"class":58},[40,38822,73],{"class":54},[20,38824,38825],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[31,38827,38829],{"className":33,"code":38828,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38830,38831,38863,38896,38900],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38832,38833,38835,38837,38839,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849,38851,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38834,47],{"class":46},[40,38836,51],{"class":50},[40,38838,55],{"class":54},[40,38840,658],{"class":58},[40,38842,62],{"class":54},[40,38844,663],{"class":58},[40,38846,62],{"class":54},[40,38848,749],{"class":58},[40,38850,62],{"class":54},[40,38852,675],{"class":58},[40,38854,62],{"class":54},[40,38856,4387],{"class":58},[40,38858,62],{"class":54},[40,38860,687],{"class":58},[40,38862,73],{"class":54},[40,38864,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38882,38884,38886,38888,38890,38892,38894],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,38866,38619],{"class":46},[40,38868,51],{"class":50},[40,38870,55],{"class":54},[40,38872,2001],{"class":46},[40,38874,1548],{"class":535},[40,38876,6164],{"class":46},[40,38878,1554],{"class":535},[40,38880,38881],{"class":46}," numbers ",[40,38883,536],{"class":535},[40,38885,6164],{"class":46},[40,38887,6180],{"class":50},[40,38889,663],{"class":58},[40,38891,6185],{"class":50},[40,38893,550],{"class":58},[40,38895,73],{"class":54},[40,38897,38898],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,38899,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,38901,38902,38904,38906,38908],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,38903,101],{"class":84},[40,38905,88],{"class":54},[40,38907,38664],{"class":91},[40,38909,95],{"class":54},[20,38911,111],{},[31,38913,38914],{"className":33,"code":38345,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,38915,38916],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38917,38918,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38919,565],{"class":54},[40,38921,744],{"class":58},[40,38923,62],{"class":54},[40,38925,675],{"class":58},[40,38927,62],{"class":54},[40,38929,687],{"class":58},[40,38931,73],{"class":54},[20,38933,38934,38935,289],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[282,38936,38938],{"href":38937},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[129,38940,2613],{"id":2612},[20,38942,14501,38943,289],{},[15,38944,37332],{},[792,38946,8223,38948,38950],{"id":38947},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38949,37332],{}," to return a list",[20,38952,38953],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[31,38955,38957],{"className":33,"code":38956,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38958,38959,39001],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,38960,38961,38963,38965,38967,38969,38971,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,38962,2013],{"class":46},[40,38964,51],{"class":50},[40,38966,37410],{"class":84},[40,38968,88],{"class":54},[40,38970,37415],{"class":1848},[40,38972,37419],{"class":37418},[40,38974,2669],{"class":54},[40,38976,3666],{"class":91},[40,38978,4034],{"class":50},[40,38980,663],{"class":58},[40,38982,62],{"class":54},[40,38984,55],{"class":54},[40,38986,658],{"class":58},[40,38988,62],{"class":54},[40,38990,663],{"class":58},[40,38992,62],{"class":54},[40,38994,749],{"class":58},[40,38996,62],{"class":54},[40,38998,675],{"class":58},[40,39000,570],{"class":54},[40,39002,39003,39005,39007,39009],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,39004,101],{"class":84},[40,39006,88],{"class":54},[40,39008,2048],{"class":91},[40,39010,95],{"class":54},[20,39012,39013],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39015,39016],{},"Fix:",[31,39018,39020],{"className":33,"code":39019,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39021,39022,39064],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39023,39024,39026,39028,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060,39062],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39025,2013],{"class":46},[40,39027,51],{"class":50},[40,39029,37410],{"class":84},[40,39031,88],{"class":54},[40,39033,37415],{"class":1848},[40,39035,37419],{"class":37418},[40,39037,2669],{"class":54},[40,39039,3666],{"class":91},[40,39041,4034],{"class":50},[40,39043,663],{"class":58},[40,39045,62],{"class":54},[40,39047,55],{"class":54},[40,39049,658],{"class":58},[40,39051,62],{"class":54},[40,39053,663],{"class":58},[40,39055,62],{"class":54},[40,39057,749],{"class":58},[40,39059,62],{"class":54},[40,39061,675],{"class":58},[40,39063,570],{"class":54},[40,39065,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,39067,101],{"class":84},[40,39069,88],{"class":54},[40,39071,610],{"class":609},[40,39073,88],{"class":54},[40,39075,2048],{"class":91},[40,39077,256],{"class":54},[792,39079,39081,39082,2662,39084,39086],{"id":39080},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39083,3391],{},[15,39085,3460],{}," clearly",[20,39088,39089],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39091,39092],{},"Good example:",[31,39094,39096],{"className":33,"code":39095,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39097,39098,39111],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39099,39100,39102,39105,39107,39109],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39101,34614],{"class":1848},[40,39103,39104],{"class":34617}," is_positive",[40,39106,88],{"class":54},[40,39108,2023],{"class":37418},[40,39110,8112],{"class":54},[40,39112,39113,39115,39117,39119],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,39114,34625],{"class":535},[40,39116,6164],{"class":46},[40,39118,4034],{"class":50},[40,39120,38267],{"class":58},[20,39122,39123],{},"Then use it with:",[31,39125,39127],{"className":33,"code":39126,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39128,39129,39161],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39130,39131,39133,39135,39137,39139,39141,39143,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39132,47],{"class":46},[40,39134,51],{"class":50},[40,39136,55],{"class":54},[40,39138,1806],{"class":50},[40,39140,744],{"class":58},[40,39142,62],{"class":54},[40,39144,1223],{"class":50},[40,39146,658],{"class":58},[40,39148,62],{"class":54},[40,39150,550],{"class":58},[40,39152,62],{"class":54},[40,39154,1226],{"class":58},[40,39156,62],{"class":54},[40,39158,663],{"class":58},[40,39160,73],{"class":54},[40,39162,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171,39173,39175,39178,39180,39182],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,39164,101],{"class":84},[40,39166,88],{"class":54},[40,39168,610],{"class":609},[40,39170,88],{"class":54},[40,39172,37358],{"class":84},[40,39174,88],{"class":54},[40,39176,39177],{"class":91},"is_positive",[40,39179,62],{"class":54},[40,39181,4045],{"class":91},[40,39183,2697],{"class":54},[20,39185,111],{},[31,39187,39189],{"className":33,"code":39188,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39190,39191],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39192,39193,39195,39197,39199,39201],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39194,565],{"class":54},[40,39196,658],{"class":58},[40,39198,62],{"class":54},[40,39200,663],{"class":58},[40,39202,73],{"class":54},[792,39204,39206],{"id":39205},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39208,39209],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[31,39211,39212],{"className":33,"code":37953,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,39213,39214,39256,39260,39274],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39215,39216,39218,39220,39222,39224,39226,39228,39230,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39217,2013],{"class":46},[40,39219,51],{"class":50},[40,39221,37410],{"class":84},[40,39223,88],{"class":54},[40,39225,37415],{"class":1848},[40,39227,37419],{"class":37418},[40,39229,2669],{"class":54},[40,39231,3666],{"class":91},[40,39233,4034],{"class":50},[40,39235,663],{"class":58},[40,39237,62],{"class":54},[40,39239,55],{"class":54},[40,39241,658],{"class":58},[40,39243,62],{"class":54},[40,39245,663],{"class":58},[40,39247,62],{"class":54},[40,39249,749],{"class":58},[40,39251,62],{"class":54},[40,39253,675],{"class":58},[40,39255,570],{"class":54},[40,39257,39258],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,39259,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,39261,39262,39264,39266,39268,39270,39272],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,39263,101],{"class":84},[40,39265,88],{"class":54},[40,39267,610],{"class":609},[40,39269,88],{"class":54},[40,39271,2048],{"class":91},[40,39273,256],{"class":54},[40,39275,39276,39278,39280,39282,39284,39286],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,39277,101],{"class":84},[40,39279,88],{"class":54},[40,39281,610],{"class":609},[40,39283,88],{"class":54},[40,39285,2048],{"class":91},[40,39287,256],{"class":54},[20,39289,111],{},[31,39291,39292],{"className":33,"code":38034,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,39293,39294,39306],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39295,39296,39298,39300,39302,39304],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39297,565],{"class":54},[40,39299,401],{"class":58},[40,39301,62],{"class":54},[40,39303,675],{"class":58},[40,39305,73],{"class":54},[40,39307,39308],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,39309,38053],{"class":54},[20,39311,39312],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[31,39314,39316],{"className":33,"code":39315,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39317,39318,39364,39368,39378],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39319,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39321,2013],{"class":46},[40,39323,51],{"class":50},[40,39325,22321],{"class":609},[40,39327,88],{"class":54},[40,39329,37358],{"class":84},[40,39331,88],{"class":54},[40,39333,37415],{"class":1848},[40,39335,37419],{"class":37418},[40,39337,2669],{"class":54},[40,39339,3666],{"class":91},[40,39341,4034],{"class":50},[40,39343,663],{"class":58},[40,39345,62],{"class":54},[40,39347,55],{"class":54},[40,39349,658],{"class":58},[40,39351,62],{"class":54},[40,39353,663],{"class":58},[40,39355,62],{"class":54},[40,39357,749],{"class":58},[40,39359,62],{"class":54},[40,39361,675],{"class":58},[40,39363,2784],{"class":54},[40,39365,39366],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,39367,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,39369,39370,39372,39374,39376],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,39371,101],{"class":84},[40,39373,88],{"class":54},[40,39375,2048],{"class":91},[40,39377,95],{"class":54},[40,39379,39380,39382,39384,39386],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,39381,101],{"class":84},[40,39383,88],{"class":54},[40,39385,2048],{"class":91},[40,39387,95],{"class":54},[792,39389,39391],{"id":39390},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39393,39394],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39396,807],{},[31,39398,39400],{"className":33,"code":39399,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39401,39402],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39403,39404],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39405,39399],{"class":3449},[20,39407,39408,39409,6329],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39410,59],{},[20,39412,850],{},[31,39414,39416],{"className":33,"code":39415,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39417,39418],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39419,39420,39422,39424,39426,39428,39430,39432,39434,39436,39438,39440,39442,39444,39446,39448,39450,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39421,101],{"class":84},[40,39423,88],{"class":54},[40,39425,610],{"class":609},[40,39427,88],{"class":54},[40,39429,37358],{"class":84},[40,39431,88],{"class":54},[40,39433,37415],{"class":1848},[40,39435,37419],{"class":37418},[40,39437,2669],{"class":54},[40,39439,3666],{"class":91},[40,39441,4034],{"class":50},[40,39443,663],{"class":58},[40,39445,62],{"class":54},[40,39447,55],{"class":54},[40,39449,658],{"class":58},[40,39451,62],{"class":54},[40,39453,663],{"class":58},[40,39455,62],{"class":54},[40,39457,749],{"class":58},[40,39459,62],{"class":54},[40,39461,675],{"class":58},[40,39463,37021],{"class":54},[792,39465,36960,39467,8475,39469],{"id":39466},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39468,37332],{},[15,39470,39471],{},"map()",[134,39473,39474,39479],{},[137,39475,39476,39478],{},[15,39477,37332],{}," keeps or removes items",[137,39480,39481,39483],{},[15,39482,39471],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39485,39486,39487,2669],{},"Example of ",[15,39488,37332],{},[31,39490,39492],{"className":33,"code":39491,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39493,39494,39518],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39495,39496,39498,39500,39502,39504,39506,39508,39510,39512,39514,39516],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39497,47],{"class":46},[40,39499,51],{"class":50},[40,39501,55],{"class":54},[40,39503,658],{"class":58},[40,39505,62],{"class":54},[40,39507,663],{"class":58},[40,39509,62],{"class":54},[40,39511,749],{"class":58},[40,39513,62],{"class":54},[40,39515,675],{"class":58},[40,39517,73],{"class":54},[40,39519,39520,39522,39524,39526,39528,39530,39532,39534,39536,39538,39540,39542,39544,39546,39548],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,39521,101],{"class":84},[40,39523,88],{"class":54},[40,39525,610],{"class":609},[40,39527,88],{"class":54},[40,39529,37358],{"class":84},[40,39531,88],{"class":54},[40,39533,37415],{"class":1848},[40,39535,37419],{"class":37418},[40,39537,2669],{"class":54},[40,39539,3666],{"class":91},[40,39541,4034],{"class":50},[40,39543,663],{"class":58},[40,39545,62],{"class":54},[40,39547,4045],{"class":91},[40,39549,2697],{"class":54},[20,39551,111],{},[31,39553,39555],{"className":33,"code":39554,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39556,39557],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39558,39559,39561,39563,39565,39567],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39560,565],{"class":54},[40,39562,401],{"class":58},[40,39564,62],{"class":54},[40,39566,675],{"class":58},[40,39568,73],{"class":54},[20,39570,39486,39571,2669],{},[15,39572,39471],{},[31,39574,39576],{"className":33,"code":39575,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39577,39578,39602],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39579,39580,39582,39584,39586,39588,39590,39592,39594,39596,39598,39600],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39581,47],{"class":46},[40,39583,51],{"class":50},[40,39585,55],{"class":54},[40,39587,658],{"class":58},[40,39589,62],{"class":54},[40,39591,663],{"class":58},[40,39593,62],{"class":54},[40,39595,749],{"class":58},[40,39597,62],{"class":54},[40,39599,675],{"class":58},[40,39601,73],{"class":54},[40,39603,39604,39606,39608,39610,39612,39615,39617,39619,39621,39623,39625,39628,39630,39632,39634],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,39605,101],{"class":84},[40,39607,88],{"class":54},[40,39609,610],{"class":609},[40,39611,88],{"class":54},[40,39613,39614],{"class":84},"map",[40,39616,88],{"class":54},[40,39618,37415],{"class":1848},[40,39620,37419],{"class":37418},[40,39622,2669],{"class":54},[40,39624,3666],{"class":91},[40,39626,39627],{"class":50},"*",[40,39629,663],{"class":58},[40,39631,62],{"class":54},[40,39633,4045],{"class":91},[40,39635,2697],{"class":54},[20,39637,111],{},[31,39639,39641],{"className":33,"code":39640,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39642,39643],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39644,39645,39647,39649,39651,39653,39655,39657,39659,39661],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39646,565],{"class":54},[40,39648,744],{"class":58},[40,39650,62],{"class":54},[40,39652,675],{"class":58},[40,39654,62],{"class":54},[40,39656,687],{"class":58},[40,39658,62],{"class":54},[40,39660,6137],{"class":58},[40,39662,73],{"class":54},[20,39664,39665,39666,289],{},"For the related function, see ",[282,39667,285,39669,288],{"href":39668},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39670,39471],{},[129,39672,1636],{"id":1635},[792,39674,12474,39676,39678],{"id":39675},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39677,37332],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39680,39681,39682,39684],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39683,24543],{}," if needed.",[792,39686,39688,39689,39691],{"id":39687},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39690,37332],{}," need to return?",[20,39693,37638,39694,39696,39697,39699],{},[15,39695,3391],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39698,3460],{}," to remove it.",[792,39701,1671,39703,39705],{"id":39702},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39704,37332],{}," without lambda?",[20,39707,39708],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[792,39710,1650,39712,39715],{"id":39711},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39713,39714],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39717,39718,39719,39721,39722,16837,39724,289],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39720,192],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39723,3565],{},[15,39725,3460],{},[792,39727,21181,39729,39731],{"id":39728},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39730,37332],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39733,39734,39735,39737],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39736,1548],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39739,39740],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[134,39742,39743,39749,39755],{},[137,39744,39745,39746,39748],{},"use ",[15,39747,37332],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[137,39750,39751,39752,39754],{},"use a ",[15,39753,1548],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[137,39756,39757],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39759,39760,39761,289],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[282,39762,4911],{"href":39763},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[129,39765,1687],{"id":1686},[134,39767,39768,39773,39777,39782,39788],{},[137,39769,39770],{},[282,39771,39772],{"href":38208},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[137,39774,39775],{},[282,39776,4999],{"href":39763},[137,39778,39779],{},[282,39780,39781],{"href":38937},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[137,39783,39784],{},[282,39785,285,39786,288],{"href":39668},[15,39787,39471],{},[137,39789,39790],{},[282,39791,4994],{"href":5365},[1715,39793,39794],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":39796},[39797,39798,39800,39804,39807,39809,39811,39813,39815,39825,39837],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":37465,"depth":76,"text":39799},"What filter() does",{"id":37599,"depth":76,"text":37600,"children":39801},[39802,39803],{"id":37616,"depth":98,"text":37616},{"id":3507,"depth":98,"text":3507},{"id":37775,"depth":76,"text":37776,"children":39805},[39806],{"id":37946,"depth":98,"text":37947},{"id":38059,"depth":76,"text":39808},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38212,"depth":76,"text":39810},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38374,"depth":76,"text":39812},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38554,"depth":76,"text":39814},"When to use filter()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":39816},[39817,39819,39821,39822,39823],{"id":38947,"depth":98,"text":39818},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39080,"depth":98,"text":39820},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39205,"depth":98,"text":39206},{"id":39390,"depth":98,"text":39391},{"id":39466,"depth":98,"text":39824},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":39826},[39827,39829,39831,39833,39835],{"id":39675,"depth":98,"text":39828},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39687,"depth":98,"text":39830},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39702,"depth":98,"text":39832},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39711,"depth":98,"text":39834},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39728,"depth":98,"text":39836},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37324,"description":39838},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39845,"title":39846,"body":39847,"description":41997,"extension":1746,"meta":41998,"navigation":360,"path":41999,"seo":42000,"stem":42001,"__hash__":42002},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39848,"toc":41951},[39849,39852,39857,39863,39865,39917,39919,39938,39943,39947,39952,39955,39970,39973,39995,39997,40046,40048,40072,40074,40076,40091,40096,40104,40119,40121,40130,40133,40168,40172,40177,40181,40188,40223,40225,40241,40245,40248,40289,40291,40305,40309,40312,40336,40338,40347,40351,40354,40387,40389,40402,40406,40412,40431,40433,40441,40445,40450,40454,40460,40483,40485,40514,40517,40536,40540,40543,40570,40572,40606,40610,40613,40637,40641,40652,40654,40659,40664,40666,40750,40752,40794,40797,40801,40808,40817,40873,40880,40889,40894,40898,40969,40971,40980,40984,40987,41029,41031,41040,41044,41050,41100,41104,41109,41113,41137,41139,41148,41152,41176,41178,41189,41193,41217,41219,41228,41231,41248,41254,41258,41264,41267,41272,41275,41296,41298,41330,41333,41338,41340,41351,41353,41397,41401,41408,41460,41462,41471,41475,41478,41571,41574,41598,41602,41605,41697,41702,41706,41713,41718,41742,41744,41753,41758,41781,41783,41791,41798,41821,41829,41831,41844,41854,41856,41860,41867,41871,41880,41884,41891,41895,41899,41903,41916,41918,41948],[10,39850,39846],{"id":39851},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39853,8894,39854,39856],{},[15,39855,2668],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39858,39859,39860,39862],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39861,2668],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[129,39864,1787],{"id":1786},[31,39866,39868],{"className":33,"code":39867,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39869,39870,39884,39903],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39871,39872,39874,39876,39878,39880,39882],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39873,101],{"class":84},[40,39875,88],{"class":54},[40,39877,1976],{"class":609},[40,39879,88],{"class":54},[40,39881,682],{"class":58},[40,39883,256],{"class":54},[40,39885,39886,39888,39890,39892,39894,39896,39899,39901],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,39887,101],{"class":84},[40,39889,88],{"class":54},[40,39891,1976],{"class":609},[40,39893,88],{"class":54},[40,39895,213],{"class":212},[40,39897,39898],{"class":216},"3.14",[40,39900,213],{"class":212},[40,39902,256],{"class":54},[40,39904,39905,39907,39909,39911,39913,39915],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,39906,101],{"class":84},[40,39908,88],{"class":54},[40,39910,1976],{"class":609},[40,39912,88],{"class":54},[40,39914,3391],{"class":1494},[40,39916,256],{"class":54},[20,39918,111],{},[31,39920,39922],{"className":33,"code":39921,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39923,39924,39928,39933],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,39925,39926],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,39927,2262],{"class":58},[40,39929,39930],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,39931,39932],{"class":58},"3.14\n",[40,39934,39935],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,39936,39937],{"class":58},"1.0\n",[20,39939,123,39940,39942],{},[15,39941,2668],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[129,39944,39946],{"id":39945},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39948,39949,39951],{},[15,39950,2668],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39953,39954],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[134,39956,39957,39961,39965],{},[137,39958,39959],{},[15,39960,2274],{},[137,39962,39963],{},[15,39964,39898],{},[137,39966,39967],{},[15,39968,39969],{},"0.5",[20,39971,39972],{},"A few key points:",[134,39974,39975,39982,39985,39988],{},[137,39976,39977,39979,39980],{},[15,39978,2668],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39981,1976],{},[137,39983,39984],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[137,39986,39987],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[137,39989,39990,39991],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[282,39992,39993],{"href":7991},[15,39994,2743],{},[20,39996,195],{},[31,39998,40000],{"className":33,"code":39999,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40001,40002,40022,40032],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40003,40004,40006,40008,40011,40013,40015,40018,40020],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40005,2001],{"class":46},[40,40007,51],{"class":50},[40,40009,40010],{"class":609}," float",[40,40012,88],{"class":54},[40,40014,213],{"class":212},[40,40016,40017],{"class":216},"2.75",[40,40019,213],{"class":212},[40,40021,95],{"class":54},[40,40023,40024,40026,40028,40030],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,40025,101],{"class":84},[40,40027,88],{"class":54},[40,40029,2023],{"class":91},[40,40031,95],{"class":54},[40,40033,40034,40036,40038,40040,40042,40044],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,40035,101],{"class":84},[40,40037,88],{"class":54},[40,40039,1297],{"class":609},[40,40041,88],{"class":54},[40,40043,2023],{"class":91},[40,40045,256],{"class":54},[20,40047,111],{},[31,40049,40051],{"className":33,"code":40050,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40052,40053,40058],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40054,40055],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40056,40057],{"class":58},"2.75\n",[40,40059,40060,40062,40064,40066,40068,40070],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,40061,3076],{"class":50},[40,40063,3079],{"class":1848},[40,40065,3082],{"class":212},[40,40067,1976],{"class":216},[40,40069,3087],{"class":212},[40,40071,3090],{"class":50},[129,40073,1940],{"id":1939},[20,40075,6995],{},[31,40077,40079],{"className":33,"code":40078,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"float(value)\n",[15,40080,40081],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40082,40083,40085,40087,40089],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40084,1976],{"class":609},[40,40086,88],{"class":54},[40,40088,2255],{"class":91},[40,40090,95],{"class":54},[20,40092,40093,40094,289],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40095,2668],{},[20,40097,40098,40099,40101,40102,2669],{},"If you call ",[15,40100,2668],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40103,3555],{},[31,40105,40107],{"className":33,"code":40106,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float())\n",[15,40108,40109],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40110,40111,40113,40115,40117],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40112,101],{"class":84},[40,40114,88],{"class":54},[40,40116,1976],{"class":609},[40,40118,847],{"class":54},[20,40120,111],{},[31,40122,40124],{"className":33,"code":40123,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"0.0\n",[15,40125,40126],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40127,40128],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40129,40123],{"class":58},[20,40131,40132],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[31,40134,40136],{"className":33,"code":40135,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40137,40138,40158],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40139,40140,40143,40145,40147,40149,40151,40154,40156],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40141,40142],{"class":46},"price ",[40,40144,51],{"class":50},[40,40146,40010],{"class":609},[40,40148,88],{"class":54},[40,40150,213],{"class":212},[40,40152,40153],{"class":216},"19.99",[40,40155,213],{"class":212},[40,40157,95],{"class":54},[40,40159,40160,40162,40164,40166],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,40161,101],{"class":84},[40,40163,88],{"class":54},[40,40165,24912],{"class":91},[40,40167,95],{"class":54},[129,40169,40171],{"id":40170},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40173,40174,40176],{},[15,40175,2668],{}," can convert several common value types.",[792,40178,40180],{"id":40179},"integers","Integers",[20,40182,40183,40184,40187],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40185,40186],{},".0"," added:",[31,40189,40191],{"className":33,"code":40190,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40192,40193,40207],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40194,40195,40197,40199,40201,40203,40205],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40196,101],{"class":84},[40,40198,88],{"class":54},[40,40200,1976],{"class":609},[40,40202,88],{"class":54},[40,40204,682],{"class":58},[40,40206,256],{"class":54},[40,40208,40209,40211,40213,40215,40217,40219,40221],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,40210,101],{"class":84},[40,40212,88],{"class":54},[40,40214,1976],{"class":609},[40,40216,88],{"class":54},[40,40218,1806],{"class":50},[40,40220,744],{"class":58},[40,40222,256],{"class":54},[20,40224,111],{},[31,40226,40228],{"className":33,"code":40227,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40229,40230,40234],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40231,40232],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40233,2262],{"class":58},[40,40235,40236,40238],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,40237,1806],{"class":50},[40,40239,40240],{"class":58},"2.0\n",[792,40242,40244],{"id":40243},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40246,40247],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[31,40249,40251],{"className":33,"code":40250,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40252,40253,40271],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40254,40255,40257,40259,40261,40263,40265,40267,40269],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40256,101],{"class":84},[40,40258,88],{"class":54},[40,40260,1976],{"class":609},[40,40262,88],{"class":54},[40,40264,213],{"class":212},[40,40266,39898],{"class":216},[40,40268,213],{"class":212},[40,40270,256],{"class":54},[40,40272,40273,40275,40277,40279,40281,40283,40285,40287],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,40274,101],{"class":84},[40,40276,88],{"class":54},[40,40278,1976],{"class":609},[40,40280,88],{"class":54},[40,40282,213],{"class":212},[40,40284,59],{"class":216},[40,40286,213],{"class":212},[40,40288,256],{"class":54},[20,40290,111],{},[31,40292,40294],{"className":33,"code":40293,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40295,40296,40300],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40297,40298],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40299,39932],{"class":58},[40,40301,40302],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,40303,40304],{"class":58},"10.0\n",[792,40306,40308],{"id":40307},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40310,40311],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[31,40313,40315],{"className":33,"code":40314,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40316,40317],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40318,40319,40321,40323,40325,40327,40329,40332,40334],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40320,101],{"class":84},[40,40322,88],{"class":54},[40,40324,1976],{"class":609},[40,40326,88],{"class":54},[40,40328,213],{"class":212},[40,40330,40331],{"class":216},"  8.5  ",[40,40333,213],{"class":212},[40,40335,256],{"class":54},[20,40337,111],{},[31,40339,40341],{"className":33,"code":40340,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"8.5\n",[15,40342,40343],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40344,40345],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40346,40340],{"class":58},[792,40348,40350],{"id":40349},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40352,40353],{},"Boolean values also work:",[31,40355,40357],{"className":33,"code":40356,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40358,40359,40373],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40360,40361,40363,40365,40367,40369,40371],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40362,101],{"class":84},[40,40364,88],{"class":54},[40,40366,1976],{"class":609},[40,40368,88],{"class":54},[40,40370,3391],{"class":1494},[40,40372,256],{"class":54},[40,40374,40375,40377,40379,40381,40383,40385],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,40376,101],{"class":84},[40,40378,88],{"class":54},[40,40380,1976],{"class":609},[40,40382,88],{"class":54},[40,40384,3460],{"class":1494},[40,40386,256],{"class":54},[20,40388,111],{},[31,40390,40392],{"className":33,"code":40391,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40393,40394,40398],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40395,40396],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40397,39937],{"class":58},[40,40399,40400],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,40401,40123],{"class":58},[792,40403,40405],{"id":40404},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40407,40408,40409,40411],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40410,2668],{}," returns a float version of it:",[31,40413,40415],{"className":33,"code":40414,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40416,40417],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40418,40419,40421,40423,40425,40427,40429],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40420,101],{"class":84},[40,40422,88],{"class":54},[40,40424,1976],{"class":609},[40,40426,88],{"class":54},[40,40428,2146],{"class":58},[40,40430,256],{"class":54},[20,40432,111],{},[31,40434,40435],{"className":33,"code":2170,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,40436,40437],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40438,40439],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40440,2170],{"class":58},[129,40442,40444],{"id":40443},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40446,40447,40448,289],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40449,2668],{},[792,40451,40453],{"id":40452},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40455,40456,40457,2669],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40458,40459],{},"ValueError",[31,40461,40463],{"className":33,"code":40462,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40464,40465],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40466,40467,40469,40471,40473,40475,40477,40479,40481],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40468,101],{"class":84},[40,40470,88],{"class":54},[40,40472,1976],{"class":609},[40,40474,88],{"class":54},[40,40476,213],{"class":212},[40,40478,3632],{"class":216},[40,40480,213],{"class":212},[40,40482,256],{"class":54},[20,40484,29441],{},[31,40486,40488],{"className":33,"code":40487,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40489,40490],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40491,40492,40494,40496,40499,40501,40504,40506,40508,40510,40512],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40493,40459],{"class":609},[40,40495,2669],{"class":54},[40,40497,40498],{"class":46}," could ",[40,40500,185],{"class":50},[40,40502,40503],{"class":46}," convert string to ",[40,40505,1976],{"class":609},[40,40507,2669],{"class":54},[40,40509,3082],{"class":212},[40,40511,3632],{"class":216},[40,40513,29460],{"class":212},[20,40515,40516],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[31,40518,40520],{"className":33,"code":40519,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40521,40522],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40523,40524,40526,40528,40530,40532,40534],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40525,101],{"class":84},[40,40527,88],{"class":54},[40,40529,1976],{"class":609},[40,40531,88],{"class":54},[40,40533,6049],{"class":212},[40,40535,256],{"class":54},[792,40537,40539],{"id":40538},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40541,40542],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[31,40544,40546],{"className":33,"code":40545,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40547,40548],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40549,40550,40552,40554,40556,40558,40560,40562,40564,40566,40568],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40551,101],{"class":84},[40,40553,88],{"class":54},[40,40555,1976],{"class":609},[40,40557,2771],{"class":54},[40,40559,658],{"class":58},[40,40561,62],{"class":54},[40,40563,663],{"class":58},[40,40565,62],{"class":54},[40,40567,749],{"class":58},[40,40569,2784],{"class":54},[20,40571,29441],{},[31,40573,40575],{"className":33,"code":40574,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40576,40577],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40578,40579,40581,40583,40585,40587,40590,40593,40596,40598,40600,40602,40604],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40580,2790],{"class":609},[40,40582,2669],{"class":54},[40,40584,40010],{"class":609},[40,40586,7143],{"class":54},[40,40588,40589],{"class":46}," argument must be a string ",[40,40591,40592],{"class":50},"or",[40,40594,40595],{"class":46}," a real number",[40,40597,62],{"class":54},[40,40599,7872],{"class":50},[40,40601,3082],{"class":212},[40,40603,610],{"class":216},[40,40605,29460],{"class":212},[792,40607,40609],{"id":40608},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40611,40612],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[31,40614,40616],{"className":33,"code":40615,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40617,40618],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40619,40620,40622,40624,40626,40628,40630,40633,40635],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40621,101],{"class":84},[40,40623,88],{"class":54},[40,40625,1976],{"class":609},[40,40627,88],{"class":54},[40,40629,213],{"class":212},[40,40631,40632],{"class":216},"3,14",[40,40634,213],{"class":212},[40,40636,256],{"class":54},[20,40638,2787,40639,289],{},[15,40640,40459],{},[20,40642,40643,40644,4176,40648,289],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[282,40645,40647],{"href":40646},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[282,40649,40651],{"href":40650},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[129,40653,17184],{"id":17183},[20,40655,40656,40658],{},[15,40657,2668],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40660,181,40661,40663],{},[183,40662,185],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40665,195],{},[31,40667,40669],{"className":33,"code":40668,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40670,40671,40684,40698,40702,40712,40722,40736],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40672,40673,40675,40677,40679,40682],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40674,34450],{"class":46},[40,40676,51],{"class":50},[40,40678,224],{"class":212},[40,40680,40681],{"class":216},"6.5",[40,40683,3146],{"class":212},[40,40685,40686,40688,40690,40692,40694,40696],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,40687,2001],{"class":46},[40,40689,51],{"class":50},[40,40691,40010],{"class":609},[40,40693,88],{"class":54},[40,40695,34471],{"class":91},[40,40697,95],{"class":54},[40,40699,40700],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,40701,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,40703,40704,40706,40708,40710],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,40705,101],{"class":84},[40,40707,88],{"class":54},[40,40709,34471],{"class":91},[40,40711,95],{"class":54},[40,40713,40714,40716,40718,40720],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,40715,101],{"class":84},[40,40717,88],{"class":54},[40,40719,2023],{"class":91},[40,40721,95],{"class":54},[40,40723,40724,40726,40728,40730,40732,40734],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,40725,101],{"class":84},[40,40727,88],{"class":54},[40,40729,1297],{"class":609},[40,40731,88],{"class":54},[40,40733,34471],{"class":91},[40,40735,256],{"class":54},[40,40737,40738,40740,40742,40744,40746,40748],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,40739,101],{"class":84},[40,40741,88],{"class":54},[40,40743,1297],{"class":609},[40,40745,88],{"class":54},[40,40747,2023],{"class":91},[40,40749,256],{"class":54},[20,40751,111],{},[31,40753,40755],{"className":33,"code":40754,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40756,40757,40762,40766,40780],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40758,40759],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40760,40761],{"class":58},"6.5\n",[40,40763,40764],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,40765,40761],{"class":58},[40,40767,40768,40770,40772,40774,40776,40778],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,40769,3076],{"class":50},[40,40771,3079],{"class":1848},[40,40773,3082],{"class":212},[40,40775,3231],{"class":216},[40,40777,3087],{"class":212},[40,40779,3090],{"class":50},[40,40781,40782,40784,40786,40788,40790,40792],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,40783,3076],{"class":50},[40,40785,3079],{"class":1848},[40,40787,3082],{"class":212},[40,40789,1976],{"class":216},[40,40791,3087],{"class":212},[40,40793,3090],{"class":50},[20,40795,40796],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[129,40798,40800],{"id":40799},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[792,40802,40804,40805,40807],{"id":40803},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40806,2743],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40809,606,40810,40814,40815,289],{},[282,40811,40812,2087],{"href":7991},[15,40813,2743],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40816,2668],{},[31,40818,40820],{"className":33,"code":40819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40821,40822,40841,40855,40859],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40823,40824,40826,40828,40830,40832,40834,40837,40839],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40825,8008],{"class":46},[40,40827,51],{"class":50},[40,40829,8013],{"class":84},[40,40831,88],{"class":54},[40,40833,213],{"class":212},[40,40835,40836],{"class":216},"Enter a price: ",[40,40838,213],{"class":212},[40,40840,95],{"class":54},[40,40842,40843,40845,40847,40849,40851,40853],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,40844,40142],{"class":46},[40,40846,51],{"class":50},[40,40848,40010],{"class":609},[40,40850,88],{"class":54},[40,40852,8037],{"class":91},[40,40854,95],{"class":54},[40,40856,40857],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,40858,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,40860,40861,40863,40865,40867,40869,40871],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,40862,101],{"class":84},[40,40864,88],{"class":54},[40,40866,40142],{"class":91},[40,40868,39627],{"class":50},[40,40870,663],{"class":58},[40,40872,95],{"class":54},[20,40874,40875,40876,40879],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40877,40878],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[31,40881,40883],{"className":33,"code":40882,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"9.0\n",[15,40884,40885],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40886,40887],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40888,40882],{"class":58},[20,40890,40891,40892,289],{},"For more help with this, see ",[282,40893,8752],{"href":8751},[792,40895,40897],{"id":40896},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[31,40899,40901],{"className":33,"code":40900,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40902,40903,40916,40929,40933,40958],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40904,40905,40907,40909,40911,40914],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40906,1384],{"class":46},[40,40908,51],{"class":50},[40,40910,224],{"class":212},[40,40912,40913],{"class":216},"2.5",[40,40915,3146],{"class":212},[40,40917,40918,40920,40922,40924,40927],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,40919,1405],{"class":46},[40,40921,51],{"class":50},[40,40923,224],{"class":212},[40,40925,40926],{"class":216},"1.5",[40,40928,3146],{"class":212},[40,40930,40931],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,40932,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,40934,40935,40938,40940,40942,40944,40946,40948,40950,40952,40954,40956],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,40936,40937],{"class":46},"total ",[40,40939,51],{"class":50},[40,40941,40010],{"class":609},[40,40943,88],{"class":54},[40,40945,282],{"class":91},[40,40947,18],{"class":54},[40,40949,2237],{"class":50},[40,40951,40010],{"class":609},[40,40953,88],{"class":54},[40,40955,1017],{"class":91},[40,40957,95],{"class":54},[40,40959,40960,40962,40964,40967],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,40961,101],{"class":84},[40,40963,88],{"class":54},[40,40965,40966],{"class":91},"total",[40,40968,95],{"class":54},[20,40970,111],{},[31,40972,40974],{"className":33,"code":40973,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"4.0\n",[15,40975,40976],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40977,40978],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40979,40973],{"class":58},[792,40981,40983],{"id":40982},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40985,40986],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[31,40988,40990],{"className":33,"code":40989,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40991,40992,41001,41015,41019],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,40993,40994,40996,40998],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,40995,79],{"class":46},[40,40997,51],{"class":50},[40,40999,41000],{"class":58}," 7\n",[40,41002,41003,41005,41007,41009,41011,41013],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,41004,2013],{"class":46},[40,41006,51],{"class":50},[40,41008,40010],{"class":609},[40,41010,88],{"class":54},[40,41012,106],{"class":91},[40,41014,95],{"class":54},[40,41016,41017],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,41018,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,41020,41021,41023,41025,41027],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,41022,101],{"class":84},[40,41024,88],{"class":54},[40,41026,2048],{"class":91},[40,41028,95],{"class":54},[20,41030,111],{},[31,41032,41034],{"className":33,"code":41033,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"7.0\n",[15,41035,41036],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41037,41038],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41039,41033],{"class":58},[792,41041,41043],{"id":41042},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41045,41046,41047,41049],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41048,2668],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[31,41051,41053],{"className":33,"code":41052,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41054,41055,41069,41085,41089],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41056,41057,41060,41062,41064,41067],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41058,41059],{"class":46},"temperature_text ",[40,41061,51],{"class":50},[40,41063,224],{"class":212},[40,41065,41066],{"class":216},"21.8",[40,41068,3146],{"class":212},[40,41070,41071,41074,41076,41078,41080,41083],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,41072,41073],{"class":46},"temperature ",[40,41075,51],{"class":50},[40,41077,40010],{"class":609},[40,41079,88],{"class":54},[40,41081,41082],{"class":91},"temperature_text",[40,41084,95],{"class":54},[40,41086,41087],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,41088,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,41090,41091,41093,41095,41098],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,41092,101],{"class":84},[40,41094,88],{"class":54},[40,41096,41097],{"class":91},"temperature",[40,41099,95],{"class":54},[129,41101,41103],{"id":41102},"special-values","Special values",[20,41105,41106,41108],{},[15,41107,2668],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[792,41110,41112],{"id":41111},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[31,41114,41116],{"className":33,"code":41115,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41117,41118],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41119,41120,41122,41124,41126,41128,41130,41133,41135],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41121,101],{"class":84},[40,41123,88],{"class":54},[40,41125,1976],{"class":609},[40,41127,88],{"class":54},[40,41129,213],{"class":212},[40,41131,41132],{"class":216},"inf",[40,41134,213],{"class":212},[40,41136,256],{"class":54},[20,41138,111],{},[31,41140,41142],{"className":33,"code":41141,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"inf\n",[15,41143,41144],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41145,41146],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41147,41141],{"class":46},[792,41149,41151],{"id":41150},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[31,41153,41155],{"className":33,"code":41154,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41156,41157],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41158,41159,41161,41163,41165,41167,41169,41172,41174],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41160,101],{"class":84},[40,41162,88],{"class":54},[40,41164,1976],{"class":609},[40,41166,88],{"class":54},[40,41168,213],{"class":212},[40,41170,41171],{"class":216},"-inf",[40,41173,213],{"class":212},[40,41175,256],{"class":54},[20,41177,111],{},[31,41179,41181],{"className":33,"code":41180,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"-inf\n",[15,41182,41183],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41184,41185,41187],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41186,1806],{"class":50},[40,41188,41141],{"class":46},[792,41190,41192],{"id":41191},"not-a-number","Not a number",[31,41194,41196],{"className":33,"code":41195,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41197,41198],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41199,41200,41202,41204,41206,41208,41210,41213,41215],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41201,101],{"class":84},[40,41203,88],{"class":54},[40,41205,1976],{"class":609},[40,41207,88],{"class":54},[40,41209,213],{"class":212},[40,41211,41212],{"class":216},"nan",[40,41214,213],{"class":212},[40,41216,256],{"class":54},[20,41218,111],{},[31,41220,41222],{"className":33,"code":41221,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"nan\n",[15,41223,41224],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41225,41226],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41227,41221],{"class":46},[20,41229,41230],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[134,41232,41233,41238,41243],{},[137,41234,41235,41237],{},[15,41236,41132],{}," means positive infinity",[137,41239,41240,41242],{},[15,41241,41171],{}," means negative infinity",[137,41244,41245,41247],{},[15,41246,41212],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41249,41250,41251,41253],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41252,2668],{}," accepts them.",[129,41255,41257],{"id":41256},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41259,41260,41261,41263],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41262,2668],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[792,41265,40459],{"id":41266},"valueerror",[20,41268,14955,41269,41271],{},[15,41270,40459],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41273,41274],{},"Common causes:",[134,41276,41277,41283,41286,41289],{},[137,41278,41279,41280],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41281,41282],{},"\"abc\"",[137,41284,41285],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[137,41287,41288],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[137,41290,4486,41291],{},[282,41292,41293,41295],{"href":7991},[15,41294,2743],{}," returns a string",[20,41297,195],{},[31,41299,41301],{"className":33,"code":41300,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41302,41303,41316],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41304,41305,41307,41309,41311,41314],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41306,2230],{"class":46},[40,41308,51],{"class":50},[40,41310,224],{"class":212},[40,41312,41313],{"class":216},"abc",[40,41315,3146],{"class":212},[40,41317,41318,41320,41322,41324,41326,41328],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,41319,101],{"class":84},[40,41321,88],{"class":54},[40,41323,1976],{"class":609},[40,41325,88],{"class":54},[40,41327,2255],{"class":91},[40,41329,256],{"class":54},[792,41331,2790],{"id":41332},"typeerror",[20,41334,14955,41335,41337],{},[15,41336,2790],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41339,41274],{},[134,41341,41342,41345,41348],{},[137,41343,41344],{},"Passing a list",[137,41346,41347],{},"Passing a dictionary",[137,41349,41350],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41352,195],{},[31,41354,41356],{"className":33,"code":41355,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41357,41358,41383],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41359,41360,41362,41364,41366,41368,41370,41372,41374,41376,41379,41381],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41361,2230],{"class":46},[40,41363,51],{"class":50},[40,41365,10260],{"class":54},[40,41367,213],{"class":212},[40,41369,24912],{"class":216},[40,41371,213],{"class":212},[40,41373,2669],{"class":54},[40,41375,224],{"class":212},[40,41377,41378],{"class":216},"9.99",[40,41380,213],{"class":212},[40,41382,9079],{"class":54},[40,41384,41385,41387,41389,41391,41393,41395],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,41386,101],{"class":84},[40,41388,88],{"class":54},[40,41390,1976],{"class":609},[40,41392,88],{"class":54},[40,41394,2255],{"class":91},[40,41396,256],{"class":54},[792,41398,41400],{"id":41399},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41402,41403,41404,41407],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41405,41406],{},"strip()"," can help:",[31,41409,41411],{"className":33,"code":41410,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41412,41413,41426,41441,41445],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41414,41415,41417,41419,41421,41424],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41416,2230],{"class":46},[40,41418,51],{"class":50},[40,41420,224],{"class":212},[40,41422,41423],{"class":216},"  7.25  ",[40,41425,3146],{"class":212},[40,41427,41428,41431,41433,41435,41437,41439],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,41429,41430],{"class":46},"clean_value ",[40,41432,51],{"class":50},[40,41434,8203],{"class":46},[40,41436,289],{"class":54},[40,41438,8404],{"class":91},[40,41440,8413],{"class":54},[40,41442,41443],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,41444,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,41446,41447,41449,41451,41453,41455,41458],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,41448,101],{"class":84},[40,41450,88],{"class":54},[40,41452,1976],{"class":609},[40,41454,88],{"class":54},[40,41456,41457],{"class":91},"clean_value",[40,41459,256],{"class":54},[20,41461,111],{},[31,41463,41465],{"className":33,"code":41464,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"7.25\n",[15,41466,41467],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41468,41469],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41470,41464],{"class":58},[792,41472,41474],{"id":41473},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41476,41477],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[31,41479,41481],{"className":33,"code":41480,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41482,41483,41496,41500,41510,41524,41539,41543,41557],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41484,41485,41487,41489,41491,41494],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41486,2230],{"class":46},[40,41488,51],{"class":50},[40,41490,224],{"class":212},[40,41492,41493],{"class":216}," 3.5 ",[40,41495,3146],{"class":212},[40,41497,41498],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,41499,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,41501,41502,41504,41506,41508],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,41503,101],{"class":84},[40,41505,88],{"class":54},[40,41507,2255],{"class":91},[40,41509,95],{"class":54},[40,41511,41512,41514,41516,41518,41520,41522],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,41513,101],{"class":84},[40,41515,88],{"class":54},[40,41517,1297],{"class":609},[40,41519,88],{"class":54},[40,41521,2255],{"class":91},[40,41523,256],{"class":54},[40,41525,41526,41528,41530,41533,41535,41537],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,41527,101],{"class":84},[40,41529,88],{"class":54},[40,41531,41532],{"class":84},"repr",[40,41534,88],{"class":54},[40,41536,2255],{"class":91},[40,41538,256],{"class":54},[40,41540,41541],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,41542,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,41544,41545,41547,41549,41551,41553,41555],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,41546,41430],{"class":46},[40,41548,51],{"class":50},[40,41550,8203],{"class":46},[40,41552,289],{"class":54},[40,41554,8404],{"class":91},[40,41556,8413],{"class":54},[40,41558,41559,41561,41563,41565,41567,41569],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,41560,101],{"class":84},[40,41562,88],{"class":54},[40,41564,1976],{"class":609},[40,41566,88],{"class":54},[40,41568,41457],{"class":91},[40,41570,256],{"class":54},[20,41572,41573],{},"Why this helps:",[134,41575,41576,41582,41587,41593],{},[137,41577,41578,41581],{},[15,41579,41580],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[137,41583,41584,21128],{},[15,41585,41586],{},"print(type(value))",[137,41588,41589,41592],{},[15,41590,41591],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[137,41594,41595,41597],{},[15,41596,41406],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[792,41599,41601],{"id":41600},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41603,41604],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[31,41606,41608],{"className":33,"code":41607,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41609,41610,41629,41633,41639,41654,41673,41682],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41611,41612,41614,41616,41618,41620,41622,41625,41627],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41613,2230],{"class":46},[40,41615,51],{"class":50},[40,41617,8013],{"class":84},[40,41619,88],{"class":54},[40,41621,213],{"class":212},[40,41623,41624],{"class":216},"Enter a number: ",[40,41626,213],{"class":212},[40,41628,95],{"class":54},[40,41630,41631],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,41632,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,41634,41635,41637],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,41636,29564],{"class":535},[40,41638,553],{"class":54},[40,41640,41641,41644,41646,41648,41650,41652],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,41642,41643],{"class":46},"    number ",[40,41645,51],{"class":50},[40,41647,40010],{"class":609},[40,41649,88],{"class":54},[40,41651,2255],{"class":91},[40,41653,95],{"class":54},[40,41655,41656,41658,41660,41662,41665,41667,41669,41671],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,41657,558],{"class":84},[40,41659,88],{"class":54},[40,41661,213],{"class":212},[40,41663,41664],{"class":216},"Converted:",[40,41666,213],{"class":212},[40,41668,62],{"class":54},[40,41670,1981],{"class":91},[40,41672,95],{"class":54},[40,41674,41675,41677,41680],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,41676,29595],{"class":535},[40,41678,41679],{"class":609}," ValueError",[40,41681,553],{"class":54},[40,41683,41684,41686,41688,41690,41693,41695],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,41685,558],{"class":84},[40,41687,88],{"class":54},[40,41689,213],{"class":212},[40,41691,41692],{"class":216},"That is not a valid number.",[40,41694,213],{"class":212},[40,41696,95],{"class":54},[20,41698,41699,41700,289],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[282,41701,40651],{"href":40650},[129,41703,41705],{"id":41704},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41707,10360,41708,4176,41710,41712],{},[15,41709,2668],{},[15,41711,2661],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41714,41715,41717],{},[15,41716,2668],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[31,41719,41721],{"className":33,"code":41720,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41722,41723],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41724,41725,41727,41729,41731,41733,41735,41738,41740],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41726,101],{"class":84},[40,41728,88],{"class":54},[40,41730,1976],{"class":609},[40,41732,88],{"class":54},[40,41734,213],{"class":212},[40,41736,41737],{"class":216},"3.9",[40,41739,213],{"class":212},[40,41741,256],{"class":54},[20,41743,111],{},[31,41745,41747],{"className":33,"code":41746,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3.9\n",[15,41748,41749],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41750,41751],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41752,41746],{"class":58},[20,41754,41755,41757],{},[15,41756,2661],{}," creates whole numbers:",[31,41759,41761],{"className":33,"code":41760,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41762,41763],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41764,41765,41767,41769,41771,41773,41775,41777,41779],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41766,101],{"class":84},[40,41768,88],{"class":54},[40,41770,1972],{"class":609},[40,41772,88],{"class":54},[40,41774,213],{"class":212},[40,41776,59],{"class":216},[40,41778,213],{"class":212},[40,41780,256],{"class":54},[20,41782,111],{},[31,41784,41785],{"className":33,"code":2160,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,41786,41787],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41788,41789],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41790,2160],{"class":58},[20,41792,41793,41794,41797],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41795,41796],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[31,41799,41801],{"className":33,"code":41800,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41802,41803],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,41804,41805,41807,41809,41811,41813,41815,41817,41819],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,41806,101],{"class":84},[40,41808,88],{"class":54},[40,41810,1972],{"class":609},[40,41812,88],{"class":54},[40,41814,213],{"class":212},[40,41816,41737],{"class":216},[40,41818,213],{"class":212},[40,41820,256],{"class":54},[20,41822,2787,41823,8371,41825,41828],{},[15,41824,40459],{},[15,41826,41827],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41830,10482],{},[134,41832,41833,41839],{},[137,41834,41835,41838],{},[15,41836,41837],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[137,41840,41841,41843],{},[15,41842,41796],{}," fails",[20,41845,41846,41847,41850,41851,41853],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[282,41848,41849],{"href":2658},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[282,41852,2203],{"href":2202}," helpful.",[129,41855,1636],{"id":1635},[792,41857,41859],{"id":41858},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41861,41862,41863,2662,41865,289],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41864,2274],{},[15,41866,39898],{},[792,41868,41870],{"id":41869},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41872,41873,41874,2662,41877,289],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41875,41876],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41878,41879],{},"\"10\"",[792,41881,41883],{"id":41882},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41885,28821,41886,41888,41889,289],{},[15,41887,41282],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41890,40459],{},[792,41892,41894],{"id":41893},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41896,1657,41897,289],{},[15,41898,3555],{},[792,41900,41902],{"id":41901},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41904,41905,41906,41908,41909,4176,41912,41908,41914,289],{},"Yes. ",[15,41907,3391],{}," becomes ",[15,41910,41911],{},"1.0",[15,41913,3460],{},[15,41915,3555],{},[129,41917,1687],{"id":1686},[134,41919,41920,41924,41930,41935,41939,41943],{},[137,41921,41922],{},[282,41923,41849],{"href":2658},[137,41925,41926],{},[282,41927,41929],{"href":41928},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[137,41931,41932],{},[282,41933,41934],{"href":40646},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[137,41936,41937],{},[282,41938,8829],{"href":8751},[137,41940,41941],{},[282,41942,40651],{"href":40650},[137,41944,41945],{},[282,41946,41947],{"href":7991},"Python input() Function Explained",[1715,41949,41950],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":41952},[41953,41954,41955,41956,41963,41968,41969,41976,41981,41988,41989,41996],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":39945,"depth":76,"text":39946},{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":40170,"depth":76,"text":40171,"children":41957},[41958,41959,41960,41961,41962],{"id":40179,"depth":98,"text":40180},{"id":40243,"depth":98,"text":40244},{"id":40307,"depth":98,"text":40308},{"id":40349,"depth":98,"text":40350},{"id":40404,"depth":98,"text":40405},{"id":40443,"depth":76,"text":40444,"children":41964},[41965,41966,41967],{"id":40452,"depth":98,"text":40453},{"id":40538,"depth":98,"text":40539},{"id":40608,"depth":98,"text":40609},{"id":17183,"depth":76,"text":17184},{"id":40799,"depth":76,"text":40800,"children":41970},[41971,41973,41974,41975],{"id":40803,"depth":98,"text":41972},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40896,"depth":98,"text":40897},{"id":40982,"depth":98,"text":40983},{"id":41042,"depth":98,"text":41043},{"id":41102,"depth":76,"text":41103,"children":41977},[41978,41979,41980],{"id":41111,"depth":98,"text":41112},{"id":41150,"depth":98,"text":41151},{"id":41191,"depth":98,"text":41192},{"id":41256,"depth":76,"text":41257,"children":41982},[41983,41984,41985,41986,41987],{"id":41266,"depth":98,"text":40459},{"id":41332,"depth":98,"text":2790},{"id":41399,"depth":98,"text":41400},{"id":41473,"depth":98,"text":41474},{"id":41600,"depth":98,"text":41601},{"id":41704,"depth":76,"text":41705},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":41990},[41991,41992,41993,41994,41995],{"id":41858,"depth":98,"text":41859},{"id":41869,"depth":98,"text":41870},{"id":41882,"depth":98,"text":41883},{"id":41893,"depth":98,"text":41894},{"id":41901,"depth":98,"text":41902},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39846,"description":41997},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42004,"title":42005,"body":42006,"description":43225,"extension":1746,"meta":43226,"navigation":360,"path":34787,"seo":43227,"stem":43228,"__hash__":43229},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42007,"toc":43191},[42008,42011,42016,42019,42021,42060,42074,42078,42083,42086,42103,42106,42114,42129,42132,42134,42137,42153,42156,42159,42179,42183,42194,42197,42201,42205,42219,42254,42258,42269,42304,42307,42309,42317,42350,42366,42368,42378,42399,42410,42412,42417,42420,42434,42436,42455,42458,42471,42474,42478,42482,42496,42499,42517,42520,42535,42539,42544,42558,42564,42566,42623,42625,42658,42661,42677,42681,42688,42692,42697,42700,42711,42715,42720,42735,42744,42749,42768,42771,42783,42785,42790,42800,42803,42832,42837,42846,42850,42855,42858,42862,42867,42869,42899,42902,42909,42914,42919,42923,42926,42934,42937,43015,43018,43040,43042,43046,43049,43053,43059,43122,43126,43134,43138,43141,43143,43168,43188],[10,42009,42005],{"id":42010},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42012,3369,42013,42015],{},[15,42014,34790],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42017,42018],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[129,42020,1787],{"id":1786},[31,42022,42024],{"className":33,"code":42023,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42025,42026,42036,42046],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42027,42028,42030,42032,42034],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42029,31913],{"class":84},[40,42031,88],{"class":54},[40,42033,17],{"class":84},[40,42035,95],{"class":54},[40,42037,42038,42040,42042,42044],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,42039,31913],{"class":84},[40,42041,88],{"class":54},[40,42043,3231],{"class":609},[40,42045,95],{"class":54},[40,42047,42048,42050,42052,42054,42056,42058],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,42049,31913],{"class":84},[40,42051,88],{"class":54},[40,42053,3087],{"class":212},[40,42055,34421],{"class":216},[40,42057,3087],{"class":212},[40,42059,95],{"class":54},[20,42061,123,42062,42064,42065,2662,42067,42069,42070,42073],{},[15,42063,34790],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42066,17],{},[15,42068,3231],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42071,42072],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[129,42075,42077],{"id":42076},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42079,42080,42082],{},[15,42081,34790],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42084,42085],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[134,42087,42088,42091,42094,42097,42100],{},[137,42089,42090],{},"Functions",[137,42092,42093],{},"Classes",[137,42095,42096],{},"Methods",[137,42098,42099],{},"Modules",[137,42101,42102],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42104,42105],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42107,42108,42109,42113],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[282,42110,42111],{"href":284},[15,42112,25],{}," works, you can ask Python directly:",[31,42115,42117],{"className":33,"code":42116,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(len)\n",[15,42118,42119],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42120,42121,42123,42125,42127],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42122,31913],{"class":84},[40,42124,88],{"class":54},[40,42126,17],{"class":84},[40,42128,95],{"class":54},[20,42130,42131],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[129,42133,1940],{"id":1939},[20,42135,42136],{},"The main form is:",[31,42138,42140],{"className":33,"code":42139,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(object)\n",[15,42141,42142],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42143,42144,42146,42148,42151],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42145,31913],{"class":84},[40,42147,88],{"class":54},[40,42149,42150],{"class":609},"object",[40,42152,95],{"class":54},[20,42154,42155],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42157,42158],{},"Common examples include:",[134,42160,42161,42165,42170,42174],{},[137,42162,42163],{},[15,42164,17],{},[137,42166,42167],{},[15,42168,42169],{},"list.append",[137,42171,42172],{},[15,42173,3231],{},[137,42175,42176],{},[15,42177,42178],{},"open",[20,42180,6953,42181,6956],{},[15,42182,34790],{},[31,42184,42186],{"className":33,"code":42185,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help()\n",[15,42187,42188],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42189,42190,42192],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42191,31913],{"class":84},[40,42193,8413],{"class":54},[20,42195,42196],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[129,42198,42200],{"id":42199},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[792,42202,42204],{"id":42203},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42206,42207,42208,1973,42210,1973,42212,16837,42215,289],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42209,17],{},[15,42211,101],{},[15,42213,42214],{},"input",[282,42216,42217],{"href":2083},[15,42218,2086],{},[31,42220,42222],{"className":33,"code":42221,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42223,42224,42234,42244],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42225,42226,42228,42230,42232],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42227,31913],{"class":84},[40,42229,88],{"class":54},[40,42231,101],{"class":84},[40,42233,95],{"class":54},[40,42235,42236,42238,42240,42242],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,42237,31913],{"class":84},[40,42239,88],{"class":54},[40,42241,42214],{"class":84},[40,42243,95],{"class":54},[40,42245,42246,42248,42250,42252],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,42247,31913],{"class":84},[40,42249,88],{"class":54},[40,42251,1297],{"class":609},[40,42253,95],{"class":54},[792,42255,42257],{"id":42256},"data-types","Data types",[20,42259,42260,42261,1973,42263,1973,42265,16837,42267,289],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42262,3231],{},[15,42264,610],{},[15,42266,8592],{},[15,42268,6064],{},[31,42270,42272],{"className":33,"code":42271,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42273,42274,42284,42294],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42275,42276,42278,42280,42282],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42277,31913],{"class":84},[40,42279,88],{"class":54},[40,42281,3231],{"class":609},[40,42283,95],{"class":54},[40,42285,42286,42288,42290,42292],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,42287,31913],{"class":84},[40,42289,88],{"class":54},[40,42291,610],{"class":609},[40,42293,95],{"class":54},[40,42295,42296,42298,42300,42302],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,42297,31913],{"class":84},[40,42299,88],{"class":54},[40,42301,8592],{"class":609},[40,42303,95],{"class":54},[20,42305,42306],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[792,42308,42096],{"id":34268},[20,42310,42311,42312,4176,42315,289],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42313,42314],{},"str.split",[15,42316,42169],{},[31,42318,42320],{"className":33,"code":42319,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42321,42322,42336],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42323,42324,42326,42328,42330,42332,42334],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42325,31913],{"class":84},[40,42327,88],{"class":54},[40,42329,3231],{"class":609},[40,42331,289],{"class":54},[40,42333,34231],{"class":24512},[40,42335,95],{"class":54},[40,42337,42338,42340,42342,42344,42346,42348],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,42339,31913],{"class":84},[40,42341,88],{"class":54},[40,42343,610],{"class":609},[40,42345,289],{"class":54},[40,42347,13320],{"class":24512},[40,42349,95],{"class":54},[20,42351,42352,42353,8475,42355,28074,42360,42362,42363,42365],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42354,34790],{},[282,42356,42358],{"href":42357},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42359,34073],{},[15,42361,34073],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42364,34790],{}," explains one of them.",[792,42367,42099],{"id":34421},[20,42369,42370,42371,1973,42373,16837,42375,289],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42372,18179],{},[15,42374,34953],{},[15,42376,42377],{},"os",[31,42379,42381],{"className":33,"code":42380,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42382,42383,42389],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42384,42385,42387],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42386,34854],{"class":535},[40,42388,34857],{"class":46},[40,42390,42391,42393,42395,42397],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,42392,31913],{"class":84},[40,42394,88],{"class":54},[40,42396,18179],{"class":91},[40,42398,95],{"class":54},[20,42400,42401,42402,42406,42407,289],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[282,42403,42405],{"href":42404},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[282,42408,34920],{"href":42409},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[129,42411,34681],{"id":34680},[20,42413,42414,42416],{},[15,42415,34790],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42418,42419],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[134,42421,42422,42425,42428,42431],{},[137,42423,42424],{},"The function signature",[137,42426,42427],{},"The short description",[137,42429,42430],{},"Parameter names",[137,42432,42433],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42435,5251],{},[31,42437,42439],{"className":33,"code":42438,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42440,42441],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42442,42443,42445,42447,42449,42451,42453],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42444,31913],{"class":84},[40,42446,88],{"class":54},[40,42448,3231],{"class":609},[40,42450,289],{"class":54},[40,42452,34231],{"class":24512},[40,42454,95],{"class":54},[20,42456,42457],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[134,42459,42460,42463,42466,42468],{},[137,42461,42462],{},"What object this is",[137,42464,42465],{},"What arguments it accepts",[137,42467,21731],{},[137,42469,42470],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42472,42473],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[129,42475,42477],{"id":42476},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42479,42480,29634],{},[15,42481,34790],{},[134,42483,42484,42487,42490,42493],{},[137,42485,42486],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[137,42488,42489],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[137,42491,42492],{},"You are exploring a new module",[137,42494,42495],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42497,42498],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[31,42500,42501],{"className":33,"code":42438,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,42502,42503],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42504,42505,42507,42509,42511,42513,42515],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42506,31913],{"class":84},[40,42508,88],{"class":54},[40,42510,3231],{"class":609},[40,42512,289],{"class":54},[40,42514,34231],{"class":24512},[40,42516,95],{"class":54},[20,42518,42519],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[31,42521,42523],{"className":33,"code":42522,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(open)\n",[15,42524,42525],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42526,42527,42529,42531,42533],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42528,31913],{"class":84},[40,42530,88],{"class":54},[40,42532,42178],{"class":84},[40,42534,95],{"class":54},[129,42536,42538],{"id":42537},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42540,42541,42543],{},[15,42542,34790],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[134,42545,42546,42549,42552,42555],{},[137,42547,42548],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[137,42550,42551],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[137,42553,42554],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[137,42556,42557],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42559,42560,42561,42563],{},"So, ",[15,42562,34790],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42565,5251],{},[31,42567,42569],{"className":33,"code":42568,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42570,42571,42584,42608,42612],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42572,42573,42575,42577,42579,42582],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42574,34450],{"class":46},[40,42576,51],{"class":50},[40,42578,224],{"class":212},[40,42580,42581],{"class":216},"a,b,c",[40,42583,3146],{"class":212},[40,42585,42586,42589,42591,42594,42596,42598,42600,42602,42604,42606],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,42587,42588],{"class":46},"parts ",[40,42590,51],{"class":50},[40,42592,42593],{"class":46}," text",[40,42595,289],{"class":54},[40,42597,34231],{"class":91},[40,42599,88],{"class":54},[40,42601,213],{"class":212},[40,42603,62],{"class":216},[40,42605,213],{"class":212},[40,42607,95],{"class":54},[40,42609,42610],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,42611,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,42613,42614,42616,42618,42621],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,42615,101],{"class":84},[40,42617,88],{"class":54},[40,42619,42620],{"class":91},"parts",[40,42622,95],{"class":54},[20,42624,5338],{},[31,42626,42628],{"className":33,"code":42627,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42629,42630],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42631,42632,42634,42636,42638,42640,42642,42644,42646,42648,42650,42652,42654,42656],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42633,565],{"class":54},[40,42635,3087],{"class":212},[40,42637,282],{"class":216},[40,42639,3087],{"class":212},[40,42641,62],{"class":54},[40,42643,3082],{"class":212},[40,42645,1017],{"class":216},[40,42647,3087],{"class":212},[40,42649,62],{"class":54},[40,42651,3082],{"class":212},[40,42653,1026],{"class":216},[40,42655,3087],{"class":212},[40,42657,73],{"class":54},[20,42659,42660],{},"A good workflow is:",[28473,42662,42663,42668,42671,42674],{},[137,42664,123,42665,42667],{},[15,42666,34790],{}," to inspect something",[137,42669,42670],{},"Write a tiny example",[137,42672,42673],{},"Check the result",[137,42675,42676],{},"Repeat",[129,42678,42680],{"id":42679},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42682,42683,4176,42685,42687],{},[15,42684,34790],{},[15,42686,34073],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[792,42689,42690],{"id":31913},[15,42691,34790],{},[20,42693,123,42694,42696],{},[15,42695,34790],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42698,42699],{},"It tells you:",[134,42701,42702,42705,42708],{},[137,42703,42704],{},"What something is",[137,42706,42707],{},"How to use it",[137,42709,42710],{},"What parameters it accepts",[792,42712,42713],{"id":34134},[15,42714,34073],{},[20,42716,123,42717,42719],{},[15,42718,34073],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[31,42721,42723],{"className":33,"code":42722,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dir(str)\n",[15,42724,42725],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42726,42727,42729,42731,42733],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42728,34134],{"class":84},[40,42730,88],{"class":54},[40,42732,3231],{"class":609},[40,42734,95],{"class":54},[20,42736,42737,42738,1973,42740,16837,42742,289],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42739,34231],{},[15,42741,8404],{},[15,42743,8410],{},[20,42745,42746,42747,2669],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42748,34790],{},[31,42750,42752],{"className":33,"code":42751,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42753,42754],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42755,42756,42758,42760,42762,42764,42766],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42757,31913],{"class":84},[40,42759,88],{"class":54},[40,42761,3231],{"class":609},[40,42763,289],{"class":54},[40,42765,8410],{"class":24512},[40,42767,95],{"class":54},[20,42769,42770],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[134,42772,42773,42778],{},[137,42774,123,42775,42777],{},[15,42776,34073],{}," to discover options",[137,42779,123,42780,42782],{},[15,42781,34790],{}," to understand one option",[129,42784,2613],{"id":2612},[20,42786,42787,42788,289],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42789,34790],{},[792,42791,795,42793,42796,42797],{"id":42792},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42794,42795],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42798,42799],{},"help(len)",[20,42801,42802],{},"These are not always the same.",[31,42804,42806],{"className":33,"code":42805,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42807,42808,42818],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42809,42810,42812,42814,42816],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42811,31913],{"class":84},[40,42813,88],{"class":54},[40,42815,17],{"class":84},[40,42817,95],{"class":54},[40,42819,42820,42822,42824,42826,42828,42830],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,42821,31913],{"class":84},[40,42823,88],{"class":54},[40,42825,3087],{"class":212},[40,42827,17],{"class":216},[40,42829,3087],{"class":212},[40,42831,95],{"class":54},[20,42833,42834,42836],{},[15,42835,42799],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42838,42839,42841,42842,42845],{},[15,42840,42795],{}," treats ",[15,42843,42844],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[792,42847,42849],{"id":42848},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42851,42852,42854],{},[15,42853,34790],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42856,42857],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[792,42859,42861],{"id":42860},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42863,40098,42864,42866],{},[15,42865,34790],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42868,195],{},[31,42870,42872],{"className":33,"code":42871,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42873,42874,42884],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42875,42876,42878,42880,42882],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42877,31913],{"class":84},[40,42879,88],{"class":54},[40,42881,17],{"class":84},[40,42883,95],{"class":54},[40,42885,42886,42888,42890,42892,42895,42897],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,42887,101],{"class":84},[40,42889,88],{"class":54},[40,42891,213],{"class":212},[40,42893,42894],{"class":216},"Done",[40,42896,213],{"class":212},[40,42898,95],{"class":54},[20,42900,42901],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[792,42903,36960,42905,8475,42907],{"id":42904},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42906,34790],{},[15,42908,34073],{},[20,42910,42911,42912,289],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42913,34073],{},[20,42915,42916,42917,289],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42918,34790],{},[129,42920,42922],{"id":42921},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42924,42925],{},"Open Python:",[31,42927,42928],{"className":33,"code":35306,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,42929,42930],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42931,42932],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42933,35306],{"class":46},[20,42935,42936],{},"Then test these commands:",[31,42938,42940],{"className":33,"code":42939,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42941,42942,42952,42966,42980,42990,43005],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,42943,42944,42946,42948,42950],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,42945,31913],{"class":84},[40,42947,88],{"class":54},[40,42949,17],{"class":84},[40,42951,95],{"class":54},[40,42953,42954,42956,42958,42960,42962,42964],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,42955,31913],{"class":84},[40,42957,88],{"class":54},[40,42959,3231],{"class":609},[40,42961,289],{"class":54},[40,42963,34231],{"class":24512},[40,42965,95],{"class":54},[40,42967,42968,42970,42972,42974,42976,42978],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,42969,31913],{"class":84},[40,42971,88],{"class":54},[40,42973,610],{"class":609},[40,42975,289],{"class":54},[40,42977,13320],{"class":24512},[40,42979,95],{"class":54},[40,42981,42982,42984,42986,42988],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,42983,31913],{"class":84},[40,42985,88],{"class":54},[40,42987,42178],{"class":84},[40,42989,95],{"class":54},[40,42991,42992,42994,42996,42998,43001,43003],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,42993,31913],{"class":84},[40,42995,88],{"class":54},[40,42997,3087],{"class":212},[40,42999,43000],{"class":216},"keywords",[40,43002,3087],{"class":212},[40,43004,95],{"class":54},[40,43006,43007,43009,43011,43013],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,43008,34134],{"class":84},[40,43010,88],{"class":54},[40,43012,3231],{"class":609},[40,43014,95],{"class":54},[20,43016,43017],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[134,43019,43020,43023,43026,43029,43032,43035],{},[137,43021,43022],{},"A built-in function",[137,43024,43025],{},"A string method",[137,43027,43028],{},"A list method",[137,43030,43031],{},"A built-in file function",[137,43033,43034],{},"A special help topic",[137,43036,14955,43037,43039],{},[15,43038,34073],{}," example for comparison",[129,43041,1636],{"id":1635},[792,43043,43045],{"id":43044},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43047,43048],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[792,43050,43052],{"id":43051},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43054,43055,43056,43058],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43057,34790],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[31,43060,43062],{"className":33,"code":43061,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43063,43064,43076,43089,43108,43112],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43065,43066,43068,43070,43072,43074],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43067,34614],{"class":1848},[40,43069,34618],{"class":34617},[40,43071,88],{"class":54},[40,43073,7446],{"class":37418},[40,43075,8112],{"class":54},[40,43077,43078,43082,43086],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,43079,43081],{"class":43080},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[40,43083,43085],{"class":43084},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[40,43087,43088],{"class":43080},"\"\"\"\n",[40,43090,43091,43093,43096,43099,43101,43103,43105],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,43092,34625],{"class":535},[40,43094,43095],{"class":1848}," f",[40,43097,43098],{"class":216},"\"Hello, ",[40,43100,9048],{"class":58},[40,43102,7446],{"class":46},[40,43104,22064],{"class":58},[40,43106,43107],{"class":216},"!\"\n",[40,43109,43110],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,43111,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,43113,43114,43116,43118,43120],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,43115,31913],{"class":84},[40,43117,88],{"class":54},[40,43119,34660],{"class":91},[40,43121,95],{"class":54},[792,43123,43125],{"id":43124},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43127,43128,43130,43131,43133],{},[15,43129,42799],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43132,42795],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[792,43135,43137],{"id":43136},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43139,43140],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[129,43142,1687],{"id":1686},[134,43144,43145,43150,43154,43159,43164],{},[137,43146,43147],{},[282,43148,43149],{"href":42357},"Python dir() function explained",[137,43151,43152],{},[282,43153,8212],{"href":2083},[137,43155,43156],{},[282,43157,43158],{"href":284},"Python len() function explained",[137,43160,43161],{},[282,43162,43163],{"href":42404},"How import works in Python",[137,43165,43166],{},[282,43167,34920],{"href":42409},[20,43169,43170,43171,43173,43174,1973,43176,16837,43178,43180,43181,2662,43184,43187],{},"Try ",[15,43172,34790],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43175,17],{},[15,43177,101],{},[15,43179,42214],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43182,43183],{},"dir(str)",[15,43185,43186],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1715,43189,43190],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":43192},[43193,43194,43195,43196,43202,43203,43204,43205,43209,43217,43218,43224],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":42076,"depth":76,"text":42077},{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":42199,"depth":76,"text":42200,"children":43197},[43198,43199,43200,43201],{"id":42203,"depth":98,"text":42204},{"id":42256,"depth":98,"text":42257},{"id":34268,"depth":98,"text":42096},{"id":34421,"depth":98,"text":42099},{"id":34680,"depth":76,"text":34681},{"id":42476,"depth":76,"text":42477},{"id":42537,"depth":76,"text":42538},{"id":42679,"depth":76,"text":42680,"children":43206},[43207,43208],{"id":31913,"depth":98,"text":34790},{"id":34134,"depth":98,"text":34073},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":43210},[43211,43213,43214,43215],{"id":42792,"depth":98,"text":43212},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42848,"depth":98,"text":42849},{"id":42860,"depth":98,"text":42861},{"id":42904,"depth":98,"text":43216},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42921,"depth":76,"text":42922},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":43219},[43220,43221,43222,43223],{"id":43044,"depth":98,"text":43045},{"id":43051,"depth":98,"text":43052},{"id":43124,"depth":98,"text":43125},{"id":43136,"depth":98,"text":43137},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42005,"description":43225},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43231,"title":43232,"body":43233,"description":44595,"extension":1746,"meta":44596,"navigation":360,"path":44597,"seo":44598,"stem":44599,"__hash__":44600},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43234,"toc":44568},[43235,43241,43246,43252,43262,43321,43331,43342,43347,43353,43355,43373,43381,43383,43385,43400,43403,43414,43416,43507,43510,43514,43519,43540,43542,43653,43655,43682,43693,43697,43700,43783,43785,43793,43799,43805,43809,43812,43922,43924,43937,43940,43954,43962,43969,43974,43988,43994,44107,44109,44170,44173,44179,44185,44188,44210,44213,44283,44286,44318,44325,44327,44330,44348,44351,44363,44369,44371,44376,44402,44405,44477,44479,44485,44488,44494,44497,44503,44513,44519,44522,44529,44532,44534,44565],[10,43236,285,43238,3366],{"id":43237},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43239,43240],{},"id()",[20,43242,32078,43243,43245],{},[15,43244,43240],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43247,43248,43249,43251],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43250,43240],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43253,123,43254,43256,43257,43259,43260,289],{},[15,43255,43240],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[183,43258,185],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43261,4470],{},[31,43263,43265],{"className":33,"code":43264,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43266,43267,43279,43293,43297,43307],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43268,43269,43271,43273,43275,43277],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43270,7651],{"class":46},[40,43272,51],{"class":50},[40,43274,224],{"class":212},[40,43276,7074],{"class":216},[40,43278,3146],{"class":212},[40,43280,43281,43283,43285,43287,43289,43291],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,43282,101],{"class":84},[40,43284,88],{"class":54},[40,43286,12419],{"class":84},[40,43288,88],{"class":54},[40,43290,7446],{"class":91},[40,43292,256],{"class":54},[40,43294,43295],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,43296,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,43298,43299,43302,43304],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,43300,43301],{"class":46},"other ",[40,43303,51],{"class":50},[40,43305,43306],{"class":46}," name\n",[40,43308,43309,43311,43313,43315,43317,43319],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,43310,101],{"class":84},[40,43312,88],{"class":54},[40,43314,12419],{"class":84},[40,43316,88],{"class":54},[40,43318,30503],{"class":91},[40,43320,256],{"class":54},[20,43322,43323,43324,43327,43328,43330],{},"In this example, ",[15,43325,43326],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43329,43240],{}," values match.",[43332,43333,43334],"blockquote",{},[20,43335,123,43336,43338,43339,43341],{},[15,43337,43240],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43340,4470],{}," for value comparison.",[129,43343,158,43345,3466],{"id":43344},"what-id-does",[15,43346,43240],{},[20,43348,43349,43352],{},[15,43350,43351],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43354,12821],{},[134,43356,43357,43360,43367,43370],{},[137,43358,43359],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[137,43361,43362,43363,43366],{},"It shows ",[183,43364,43365],{},"object identity",", not object value",[137,43368,43369],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[137,43371,43372],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43374,43375,43376,43380],{},"This is closely related to how ",[282,43377,43379],{"href":43378},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[129,43382,1940],{"id":1939},[20,43384,5213],{},[31,43386,43388],{"className":33,"code":43387,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"id(object)\n",[15,43389,43390],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43391,43392,43394,43396,43398],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43393,12419],{"class":84},[40,43395,88],{"class":54},[40,43397,42150],{"class":609},[40,43399,95],{"class":54},[20,43401,43402],{},"Important details:",[134,43404,43405,43408,43411],{},[137,43406,43407],{},"It takes one argument",[137,43409,43410],{},"It returns an integer",[137,43412,43413],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43415,195],{},[31,43417,43419],{"className":33,"code":43418,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43420,43421,43433,43441,43461,43465,43479,43493],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43422,43423,43425,43427,43429,43431],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43424,34450],{"class":46},[40,43426,51],{"class":50},[40,43428,224],{"class":212},[40,43430,3632],{"class":216},[40,43432,3146],{"class":212},[40,43434,43435,43437,43439],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,43436,2001],{"class":46},[40,43438,51],{"class":50},[40,43440,2551],{"class":58},[40,43442,43443,43445,43447,43449,43451,43453,43455,43457,43459],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,43444,479],{"class":46},[40,43446,51],{"class":50},[40,43448,55],{"class":54},[40,43450,658],{"class":58},[40,43452,62],{"class":54},[40,43454,663],{"class":58},[40,43456,62],{"class":54},[40,43458,749],{"class":58},[40,43460,73],{"class":54},[40,43462,43463],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,43464,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,43466,43467,43469,43471,43473,43475,43477],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,43468,101],{"class":84},[40,43470,88],{"class":54},[40,43472,12419],{"class":84},[40,43474,88],{"class":54},[40,43476,34471],{"class":91},[40,43478,256],{"class":54},[40,43480,43481,43483,43485,43487,43489,43491],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,43482,101],{"class":84},[40,43484,88],{"class":54},[40,43486,12419],{"class":84},[40,43488,88],{"class":54},[40,43490,2023],{"class":91},[40,43492,256],{"class":54},[40,43494,43495,43497,43499,43501,43503,43505],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,43496,101],{"class":84},[40,43498,88],{"class":54},[40,43500,12419],{"class":84},[40,43502,88],{"class":54},[40,43504,497],{"class":91},[40,43506,256],{"class":54},[20,43508,43509],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[129,43511,43513],{"id":43512},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43515,43516,43517,289],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43518,43240],{},[134,43520,43521,43528,43535],{},[137,43522,43523,43525,43526],{},[15,43524,4470],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[183,43527,2255],{},[137,43529,43530,43532,43533],{},[15,43531,11963],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[183,43534,42150],{},[137,43536,43537,43539],{},[15,43538,43240],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43541,195],{},[31,43543,43545],{"className":33,"code":43544,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43546,43547,43567,43587,43591,43608,43625,43639],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43548,43549,43551,43553,43555,43557,43559,43561,43563,43565],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43550,1384],{"class":46},[40,43552,51],{"class":50},[40,43554,55],{"class":54},[40,43556,658],{"class":58},[40,43558,62],{"class":54},[40,43560,663],{"class":58},[40,43562,62],{"class":54},[40,43564,749],{"class":58},[40,43566,73],{"class":54},[40,43568,43569,43571,43573,43575,43577,43579,43581,43583,43585],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,43570,1405],{"class":46},[40,43572,51],{"class":50},[40,43574,55],{"class":54},[40,43576,658],{"class":58},[40,43578,62],{"class":54},[40,43580,663],{"class":58},[40,43582,62],{"class":54},[40,43584,749],{"class":58},[40,43586,73],{"class":54},[40,43588,43589],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,43590,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,43592,43593,43595,43597,43599,43601,43603,43605],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,43594,101],{"class":84},[40,43596,88],{"class":54},[40,43598,1384],{"class":91},[40,43600,4470],{"class":50},[40,43602,2342],{"class":91},[40,43604,18],{"class":54},[40,43606,43607],{"class":3449},"   # True\n",[40,43609,43610,43612,43614,43616,43618,43620,43622],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,43611,101],{"class":84},[40,43613,88],{"class":54},[40,43615,1384],{"class":91},[40,43617,11963],{"class":535},[40,43619,2342],{"class":91},[40,43621,18],{"class":54},[40,43623,43624],{"class":3449},"   # False\n",[40,43626,43627,43629,43631,43633,43635,43637],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,43628,101],{"class":84},[40,43630,88],{"class":54},[40,43632,12419],{"class":84},[40,43634,88],{"class":54},[40,43636,282],{"class":91},[40,43638,256],{"class":54},[40,43640,43641,43643,43645,43647,43649,43651],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,43642,101],{"class":84},[40,43644,88],{"class":54},[40,43646,12419],{"class":84},[40,43648,88],{"class":54},[40,43650,1017],{"class":91},[40,43652,256],{"class":54},[20,43654,1962],{},[134,43656,43657,43665,43673],{},[137,43658,43659,1156,43662,43664],{},[15,43660,43661],{},"a == b",[15,43663,3391],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[137,43666,43667,1156,43670,43672],{},[15,43668,43669],{},"a is b",[15,43671,3460],{}," because they are different list objects",[137,43674,43675,4176,43678,43681],{},[15,43676,43677],{},"id(a)",[15,43679,43680],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43683,43684,43685,4176,43689,289],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[282,43686,43688],{"href":43687},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[282,43690,43692],{"href":43691},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[129,43694,43696],{"id":43695},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43698,43699],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[31,43701,43703],{"className":33,"code":43702,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43704,43705,43725,43735,43739,43753,43768],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43706,43707,43709,43711,43713,43715,43717,43719,43721,43723],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43708,47],{"class":46},[40,43710,51],{"class":50},[40,43712,55],{"class":54},[40,43714,59],{"class":58},[40,43716,62],{"class":54},[40,43718,65],{"class":58},[40,43720,62],{"class":54},[40,43722,70],{"class":58},[40,43724,73],{"class":54},[40,43726,43727,43730,43732],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,43728,43729],{"class":46},"other_numbers ",[40,43731,51],{"class":50},[40,43733,43734],{"class":46}," numbers\n",[40,43736,43737],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,43738,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,43740,43741,43743,43745,43747,43749,43751],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,43742,101],{"class":84},[40,43744,88],{"class":54},[40,43746,12419],{"class":84},[40,43748,88],{"class":54},[40,43750,92],{"class":91},[40,43752,256],{"class":54},[40,43754,43755,43757,43759,43761,43763,43766],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,43756,101],{"class":84},[40,43758,88],{"class":54},[40,43760,12419],{"class":84},[40,43762,88],{"class":54},[40,43764,43765],{"class":91},"other_numbers",[40,43767,256],{"class":54},[40,43769,43770,43772,43774,43776,43778,43781],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,43771,101],{"class":84},[40,43773,88],{"class":54},[40,43775,47],{"class":91},[40,43777,11963],{"class":535},[40,43779,43780],{"class":91}," other_numbers",[40,43782,95],{"class":54},[20,43784,5338],{},[31,43786,43787],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,43788,43789],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43790,43791],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43792,1495],{"class":1494},[20,43794,43795,43796,43798],{},"The two ",[15,43797,43240],{}," values will also match.",[20,43800,21950,43801,43804],{},[15,43802,43803],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[129,43806,43808],{"id":43807},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43810,43811],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[31,43813,43815],{"className":33,"code":43814,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43816,43817,43838,43859,43863,43878,43892,43907],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43818,43819,43822,43824,43826,43828,43830,43832,43834,43836],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43820,43821],{"class":46},"list_a ",[40,43823,51],{"class":50},[40,43825,55],{"class":54},[40,43827,658],{"class":58},[40,43829,62],{"class":54},[40,43831,663],{"class":58},[40,43833,62],{"class":54},[40,43835,749],{"class":58},[40,43837,73],{"class":54},[40,43839,43840,43843,43845,43847,43849,43851,43853,43855,43857],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,43841,43842],{"class":46},"list_b ",[40,43844,51],{"class":50},[40,43846,55],{"class":54},[40,43848,658],{"class":58},[40,43850,62],{"class":54},[40,43852,663],{"class":58},[40,43854,62],{"class":54},[40,43856,749],{"class":58},[40,43858,73],{"class":54},[40,43860,43861],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,43862,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,43864,43865,43867,43869,43871,43873,43876],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,43866,101],{"class":84},[40,43868,88],{"class":54},[40,43870,43821],{"class":91},[40,43872,4470],{"class":50},[40,43874,43875],{"class":91}," list_b",[40,43877,95],{"class":54},[40,43879,43880,43882,43884,43886,43888,43890],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,43881,101],{"class":84},[40,43883,88],{"class":54},[40,43885,43821],{"class":91},[40,43887,11963],{"class":535},[40,43889,43875],{"class":91},[40,43891,95],{"class":54},[40,43893,43894,43896,43898,43900,43902,43905],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,43895,101],{"class":84},[40,43897,88],{"class":54},[40,43899,12419],{"class":84},[40,43901,88],{"class":54},[40,43903,43904],{"class":91},"list_a",[40,43906,256],{"class":54},[40,43908,43909,43911,43913,43915,43917,43920],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,43910,101],{"class":84},[40,43912,88],{"class":54},[40,43914,12419],{"class":84},[40,43916,88],{"class":54},[40,43918,43919],{"class":91},"list_b",[40,43921,256],{"class":54},[20,43923,5338],{},[31,43925,43927],{"className":33,"code":43926,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43928,43929,43933],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,43930,43931],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,43932,1495],{"class":1494},[40,43934,43935],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,43936,3824],{"class":1494},[20,43938,43939],{},"What this means:",[134,43941,43942,43945,43948],{},[137,43943,43944],{},"The lists are equal in value",[137,43946,43947],{},"They are not the same object",[137,43949,43950,43951,43953],{},"Their ",[15,43952,43240],{}," values are usually different",[20,43955,43956,43957,43959,43960,289],{},"This is why ",[15,43958,43240],{}," should not replace ",[15,43961,4470],{},[129,43963,43965,43966,43968],{"id":43964},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43967,43240],{}," is useful",[20,43970,43971,43973],{},[15,43972,43240],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[134,43975,43976,43979,43982,43985],{},[137,43977,43978],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[137,43980,43981],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[137,43983,43984],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[137,43986,43987],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43989,43990,43991,43993],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43992,43240],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[31,43995,43997],{"className":33,"code":43996,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43998,43999,44023,44032,44036,44055,44059,44069,44079,44093],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44000,44001,44003,44005,44007,44009,44011,44013,44015,44017,44019,44021],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44002,11855],{"class":46},[40,44004,51],{"class":50},[40,44006,55],{"class":54},[40,44008,213],{"class":212},[40,44010,282],{"class":216},[40,44012,213],{"class":212},[40,44014,62],{"class":54},[40,44016,224],{"class":212},[40,44018,1017],{"class":216},[40,44020,213],{"class":212},[40,44022,73],{"class":54},[40,44024,44025,44028,44030],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,44026,44027],{"class":46},"copy_ref ",[40,44029,51],{"class":50},[40,44031,11893],{"class":46},[40,44033,44034],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,44035,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,44037,44038,44041,44043,44045,44047,44049,44051,44053],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,44039,44040],{"class":46},"copy_ref",[40,44042,289],{"class":54},[40,44044,13320],{"class":91},[40,44046,88],{"class":54},[40,44048,213],{"class":212},[40,44050,1026],{"class":216},[40,44052,213],{"class":212},[40,44054,95],{"class":54},[40,44056,44057],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,44058,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,44060,44061,44063,44065,44067],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,44062,101],{"class":84},[40,44064,88],{"class":54},[40,44066,11902],{"class":91},[40,44068,95],{"class":54},[40,44070,44071,44073,44075,44077],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,44072,101],{"class":84},[40,44074,88],{"class":54},[40,44076,44040],{"class":91},[40,44078,95],{"class":54},[40,44080,44081,44083,44085,44087,44089,44091],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,44082,101],{"class":84},[40,44084,88],{"class":54},[40,44086,12419],{"class":84},[40,44088,88],{"class":54},[40,44090,11902],{"class":91},[40,44092,256],{"class":54},[40,44094,44095,44097,44099,44101,44103,44105],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,44096,101],{"class":84},[40,44098,88],{"class":54},[40,44100,12419],{"class":84},[40,44102,88],{"class":54},[40,44104,44040],{"class":91},[40,44106,256],{"class":54},[20,44108,5338],{},[31,44110,44112],{"className":33,"code":44111,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44113,44114,44142],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44115,44116,44118,44120,44122,44124,44126,44128,44130,44132,44134,44136,44138,44140],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44117,565],{"class":54},[40,44119,3087],{"class":212},[40,44121,282],{"class":216},[40,44123,3087],{"class":212},[40,44125,62],{"class":54},[40,44127,3082],{"class":212},[40,44129,1017],{"class":216},[40,44131,3087],{"class":212},[40,44133,62],{"class":54},[40,44135,3082],{"class":212},[40,44137,1026],{"class":216},[40,44139,3087],{"class":212},[40,44141,73],{"class":54},[40,44143,44144,44146,44148,44150,44152,44154,44156,44158,44160,44162,44164,44166,44168],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,44145,565],{"class":54},[40,44147,3087],{"class":212},[40,44149,282],{"class":216},[40,44151,3087],{"class":212},[40,44153,62],{"class":54},[40,44155,3082],{"class":212},[40,44157,1017],{"class":216},[40,44159,3087],{"class":212},[40,44161,62],{"class":54},[40,44163,3082],{"class":212},[40,44165,1026],{"class":216},[40,44167,3087],{"class":212},[40,44169,73],{"class":54},[20,44171,44172],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[129,44174,44176,44177],{"id":44175},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44178,43240],{},[20,44180,44181,44182,44184],{},"Do not use ",[15,44183,43240],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44186,44187],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[134,44189,44190,44196,44202,44205],{},[137,44191,44192,44193,44195],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44194,4470],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[137,44197,44198,44199,44201],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44200,43240],{}," values across program runs",[137,44203,44204],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[137,44206,44207,44208],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44209,43240],{},[20,44211,44212],{},"Bad example:",[31,44214,44216],{"className":33,"code":44215,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44217,44218,44230,44242,44246,44268],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44219,44220,44222,44224,44226,44228],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44221,1384],{"class":46},[40,44223,51],{"class":50},[40,44225,224],{"class":212},[40,44227,217],{"class":216},[40,44229,3146],{"class":212},[40,44231,44232,44234,44236,44238,44240],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,44233,1405],{"class":46},[40,44235,51],{"class":50},[40,44237,224],{"class":212},[40,44239,217],{"class":216},[40,44241,3146],{"class":212},[40,44243,44244],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,44245,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,44247,44248,44250,44252,44254,44256,44258,44260,44262,44264,44266],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,44249,536],{"class":535},[40,44251,14584],{"class":84},[40,44253,88],{"class":54},[40,44255,282],{"class":91},[40,44257,18],{"class":54},[40,44259,6185],{"class":50},[40,44261,14584],{"class":84},[40,44263,88],{"class":54},[40,44265,1017],{"class":91},[40,44267,8112],{"class":54},[40,44269,44270,44272,44274,44276,44279,44281],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,44271,558],{"class":84},[40,44273,88],{"class":54},[40,44275,213],{"class":212},[40,44277,44278],{"class":216},"The values are equal",[40,44280,213],{"class":212},[40,44282,95],{"class":54},[20,44284,44285],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[31,44287,44289],{"className":33,"code":44288,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44290,44291,44304],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44292,44293,44295,44298,44300,44302],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44294,536],{"class":535},[40,44296,44297],{"class":46}," a ",[40,44299,4470],{"class":50},[40,44301,2342],{"class":46},[40,44303,553],{"class":54},[40,44305,44306,44308,44310,44312,44314,44316],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,44307,558],{"class":84},[40,44309,88],{"class":54},[40,44311,213],{"class":212},[40,44313,44278],{"class":216},[40,44315,213],{"class":212},[40,44317,95],{"class":54},[20,44319,123,44320,2662,44322,44324],{},[15,44321,11963],{},[15,44323,43240],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[129,44326,20562],{"id":20561},[20,44328,44329],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[134,44331,44332,44335,44338,44343],{},[137,44333,44334],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[137,44336,44337],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[137,44339,44340,44341],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44342,43240],{},[137,44344,44345,44346],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44347,43240],{},[20,44349,44350],{},"The important rule is:",[134,44352,44353,44358],{},[137,44354,123,44355,44357],{},[15,44356,4470],{}," to check value",[137,44359,123,44360,44362],{},[15,44361,11963],{}," to check identity",[20,44364,44365,44366,44368],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44367,43240],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[129,44370,2613],{"id":2612},[20,44372,44373,44374,2669],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44375,43240],{},[134,44377,44378,44386,44389,44392,44397],{},[137,44379,795,44380,44382,44383,44385],{},[15,44381,43240],{}," when ",[15,44384,4470],{}," should be used",[137,44387,44388],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[137,44390,44391],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[137,44393,44394,44395],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44396,43240],{},[137,44398,795,44399,44401],{},[15,44400,43240],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44403,44404],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[31,44406,44408],{"className":33,"code":44407,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44409,44410,44425,44439,44453,44467],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44411,44412,44414,44416,44418,44420,44423],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44413,101],{"class":84},[40,44415,88],{"class":54},[40,44417,12419],{"class":84},[40,44419,88],{"class":54},[40,44421,44422],{"class":91},"my_object",[40,44424,256],{"class":54},[40,44426,44427,44429,44431,44433,44435,44437],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,44428,101],{"class":84},[40,44430,88],{"class":54},[40,44432,1384],{"class":91},[40,44434,4470],{"class":50},[40,44436,2342],{"class":91},[40,44438,95],{"class":54},[40,44440,44441,44443,44445,44447,44449,44451],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,44442,101],{"class":84},[40,44444,88],{"class":54},[40,44446,1384],{"class":91},[40,44448,11963],{"class":535},[40,44450,2342],{"class":91},[40,44452,95],{"class":54},[40,44454,44455,44457,44459,44461,44463,44465],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,44456,101],{"class":84},[40,44458,88],{"class":54},[40,44460,1297],{"class":609},[40,44462,88],{"class":54},[40,44464,44422],{"class":91},[40,44466,256],{"class":54},[40,44468,44469,44471,44473,44475],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,44470,31913],{"class":84},[40,44472,88],{"class":54},[40,44474,12419],{"class":84},[40,44476,95],{"class":54},[129,44478,1636],{"id":1635},[792,44480,44482,44483,1654],{"id":44481},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44484,43240],{},[20,44486,44487],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[792,44489,14671,44491,44493],{"id":44490},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44492,43240],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44495,44496],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[792,44498,21181,44500,44502],{"id":44499},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44501,43240],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44504,1677,44505,44507,44508,2662,44510,44512],{},[15,44506,4470],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44509,43240],{},[15,44511,11963],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[792,44514,44516,44517,2275],{"id":44515},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44518,43240],{},[20,44520,44521],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[792,44523,44525,44526,44528],{"id":44524},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44527,43240],{}," values?",[20,44530,44531],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[129,44533,1687],{"id":1686},[134,44535,44536,44541,44546,44551,44559],{},[137,44537,44538],{},[282,44539,44540],{"href":43378},"Python variables explained for beginners",[137,44542,44543],{},[282,44544,44545],{"href":43687},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[137,44547,44548],{},[282,44549,44550],{"href":43691},"Python data types overview",[137,44552,44553],{},[282,44554,285,44556,288],{"href":44555},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44557,44558],{},"isinstance()",[137,44560,44561],{},[282,44562,44564],{"href":44563},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1715,44566,44567],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":44569},[44570,44572,44573,44574,44575,44576,44578,44580,44581,44582,44594],{"id":43344,"depth":76,"text":44571},"What id() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":43512,"depth":76,"text":43513},{"id":43695,"depth":76,"text":43696},{"id":43807,"depth":76,"text":43808},{"id":43964,"depth":76,"text":44577},"When id() is useful",{"id":44175,"depth":76,"text":44579},"When not to use id()",{"id":20561,"depth":76,"text":20562},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":44583},[44584,44586,44588,44590,44592],{"id":44481,"depth":98,"text":44585},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44490,"depth":98,"text":44587},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44499,"depth":98,"text":44589},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44515,"depth":98,"text":44591},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44524,"depth":98,"text":44593},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43232,"description":44595},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44602,"title":41947,"body":44603,"description":46243,"extension":1746,"meta":46244,"navigation":360,"path":46245,"seo":46246,"stem":46247,"__hash__":46248},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44604,"toc":46209},[44605,44610,44615,44618,44620,44663,44668,44671,44676,44681,44684,44700,44702,44746,44748,44775,44777,44792,44794,44796,44798,44814,44816,44828,44831,44865,44868,44893,44898,44900,44905,44909,44912,44914,44962,44964,44997,45003,45014,45016,45068,45070,45101,45103,45107,45111,45154,45160,45166,45218,45226,45231,45235,45326,45328,45361,45364,45366,45426,45428,45454,45464,45466,45470,45475,45480,45482,45519,45521,45540,45543,45547,45550,45606,45618,45627,45629,45656,45664,45671,45675,45678,45715,45718,45724,45761,45763,45767,45773,45791,45796,45844,45848,45937,45940,45947,45949,45951,45956,45974,45976,46019,46025,46042,46044,46106,46108,46110,46116,46124,46130,46136,46145,46155,46159,46167,46169,46171,46206],[10,44606,285,44608,3366],{"id":44607},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44609,2743],{},[20,44611,606,44612,44614],{},[15,44613,2743],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44616,44617],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[129,44619,1787],{"id":1786},[31,44621,44623],{"className":33,"code":44622,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44624,44625,44644],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44626,44627,44629,44631,44633,44635,44637,44640,44642],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44628,7651],{"class":46},[40,44630,51],{"class":50},[40,44632,8013],{"class":84},[40,44634,88],{"class":54},[40,44636,213],{"class":212},[40,44638,44639],{"class":216},"Enter your name: ",[40,44641,213],{"class":212},[40,44643,95],{"class":54},[40,44645,44646,44648,44650,44652,44655,44657,44659,44661],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,44647,101],{"class":84},[40,44649,88],{"class":54},[40,44651,213],{"class":212},[40,44653,44654],{"class":216},"Hello, ",[40,44656,213],{"class":212},[40,44658,2237],{"class":50},[40,44660,35754],{"class":91},[40,44662,95],{"class":54},[20,44664,123,44665,44667],{},[15,44666,2743],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44669,44670],"hr",{},[129,44672,158,44674,3466],{"id":44673},"what-input-does",[15,44675,2743],{},[20,44677,44678,44680],{},[15,44679,2743],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44682,44683],{},"Here is what happens:",[134,44685,44686,44691,44694,44697],{},[137,44687,44688,44690],{},[15,44689,2743],{}," waits for the user to type",[137,44692,44693],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[137,44695,44696],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[137,44698,44699],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44701,195],{},[31,44703,44705],{"className":33,"code":44704,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44706,44707,44727],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44708,44709,44712,44714,44716,44718,44720,44723,44725],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44710,44711],{"class":46},"color ",[40,44713,51],{"class":50},[40,44715,8013],{"class":84},[40,44717,88],{"class":54},[40,44719,213],{"class":212},[40,44721,44722],{"class":216},"What is your favorite color? ",[40,44724,213],{"class":212},[40,44726,95],{"class":54},[40,44728,44729,44731,44733,44735,44738,44740,44742,44744],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,44730,101],{"class":84},[40,44732,88],{"class":54},[40,44734,213],{"class":212},[40,44736,44737],{"class":216},"Your favorite color is",[40,44739,213],{"class":212},[40,44741,62],{"class":54},[40,44743,35615],{"class":91},[40,44745,95],{"class":54},[20,44747,29790],{},[31,44749,44751],{"className":33,"code":44750,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44752,44753,44766],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44754,44755,44757,44759,44762,44764],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44756,158],{"class":46},[40,44758,11963],{"class":50},[40,44760,44761],{"class":46}," your favorite color",[40,44763,2275],{"class":37123},[40,44765,35645],{"class":46},[40,44767,44768,44771,44773],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,44769,44770],{"class":46},"Your favorite color ",[40,44772,11963],{"class":50},[40,44774,35645],{"class":46},[20,44776,19718],{},[134,44778,44779,44784,44789],{},[137,44780,44781,44782],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44783,44722],{},[137,44785,44786,44787],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44788,32652],{},[137,44790,44791],{},"That value is then printed",[44669,44793],{},[129,44795,1940],{"id":1939},[20,44797,6995],{},[31,44799,44801],{"className":33,"code":44800,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44802,44803],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44804,44805,44807,44809,44812],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44806,42214],{"class":84},[40,44808,88],{"class":54},[40,44810,44811],{"class":91},"prompt",[40,44813,95],{"class":54},[20,44815,11228],{},[134,44817,44818,44822,44825],{},[137,44819,606,44820,19800],{},[15,44821,44811],{},[137,44823,44824],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[137,44826,44827],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44829,44830],{},"Example with a prompt:",[31,44832,44834],{"className":33,"code":44833,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44835,44836,44855],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44837,44838,44840,44842,44844,44846,44848,44851,44853],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44839,7736],{"class":46},[40,44841,51],{"class":50},[40,44843,8013],{"class":84},[40,44845,88],{"class":54},[40,44847,213],{"class":212},[40,44849,44850],{"class":216},"Enter your username: ",[40,44852,213],{"class":212},[40,44854,95],{"class":54},[40,44856,44857,44859,44861,44863],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,44858,101],{"class":84},[40,44860,88],{"class":54},[40,44862,7760],{"class":91},[40,44864,95],{"class":54},[20,44866,44867],{},"Example without a prompt:",[31,44869,44871],{"className":33,"code":44870,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44872,44873,44883],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44874,44875,44877,44879,44881],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44876,2230],{"class":46},[40,44878,51],{"class":50},[40,44880,8013],{"class":84},[40,44882,8413],{"class":54},[40,44884,44885,44887,44889,44891],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,44886,101],{"class":84},[40,44888,88],{"class":54},[40,44890,2255],{"class":91},[40,44892,95],{"class":54},[20,44894,7541,44895,44897],{},[15,44896,2743],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44669,44899],{},[129,44901,158,44903,148],{"id":44902},"what-input-returns",[15,44904,2743],{},[20,44906,44907,7996],{},[15,44908,2743],{},[20,44910,44911],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44913,195],{},[31,44915,44917],{"className":33,"code":44916,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44918,44919,44938,44948],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44920,44921,44923,44925,44927,44929,44931,44934,44936],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44922,21389],{"class":46},[40,44924,51],{"class":50},[40,44926,8013],{"class":84},[40,44928,88],{"class":54},[40,44930,213],{"class":212},[40,44932,44933],{"class":216},"Enter your age: ",[40,44935,213],{"class":212},[40,44937,95],{"class":54},[40,44939,44940,44942,44944,44946],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,44941,101],{"class":84},[40,44943,88],{"class":54},[40,44945,9069],{"class":91},[40,44947,95],{"class":54},[40,44949,44950,44952,44954,44956,44958,44960],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,44951,101],{"class":84},[40,44953,88],{"class":54},[40,44955,1297],{"class":609},[40,44957,88],{"class":54},[40,44959,9069],{"class":91},[40,44961,256],{"class":54},[20,44963,29790],{},[31,44965,44967],{"className":33,"code":44966,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44968,44969,44979,44983],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,44970,44971,44974,44976],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,44972,44973],{"class":46},"Enter your age",[40,44975,2669],{"class":54},[40,44977,44978],{"class":58}," 25\n",[40,44980,44981],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,44982,2491],{"class":58},[40,44984,44985,44987,44989,44991,44993,44995],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,44986,3076],{"class":50},[40,44988,3079],{"class":1848},[40,44990,3082],{"class":212},[40,44992,3231],{"class":216},[40,44994,3087],{"class":212},[40,44996,3090],{"class":50},[20,44998,44999,45000,45002],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45001,8964],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45004,45005,45006,2662,45010,289],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[282,45007,45008],{"href":2658},[15,45009,2661],{},[282,45011,45012],{"href":2665},[15,45013,2668],{},[20,45015,195],{},[31,45017,45019],{"className":33,"code":45018,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45020,45021,45044,45054],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45022,45023,45025,45027,45030,45032,45034,45036,45038,45040,45042],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45024,21389],{"class":46},[40,45026,51],{"class":50},[40,45028,45029],{"class":609}," int",[40,45031,88],{"class":54},[40,45033,42214],{"class":84},[40,45035,88],{"class":54},[40,45037,213],{"class":212},[40,45039,44933],{"class":216},[40,45041,213],{"class":212},[40,45043,256],{"class":54},[40,45045,45046,45048,45050,45052],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,45047,101],{"class":84},[40,45049,88],{"class":54},[40,45051,9069],{"class":91},[40,45053,95],{"class":54},[40,45055,45056,45058,45060,45062,45064,45066],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,45057,101],{"class":84},[40,45059,88],{"class":54},[40,45061,1297],{"class":609},[40,45063,88],{"class":54},[40,45065,9069],{"class":91},[40,45067,256],{"class":54},[20,45069,29790],{},[31,45071,45073],{"className":33,"code":45072,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45074,45075,45083,45087],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45076,45077,45079,45081],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45078,44973],{"class":46},[40,45080,2669],{"class":54},[40,45082,44978],{"class":58},[40,45084,45085],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,45086,2491],{"class":58},[40,45088,45089,45091,45093,45095,45097,45099],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,45090,3076],{"class":50},[40,45092,3079],{"class":1848},[40,45094,3082],{"class":212},[40,45096,1972],{"class":216},[40,45098,3087],{"class":212},[40,45100,3090],{"class":50},[44669,45102],{},[129,45104,45106],{"id":45105},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[792,45108,45110],{"id":45109},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[31,45112,45114],{"className":33,"code":45113,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45115,45116,45135],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45117,45118,45120,45122,45124,45126,45128,45131,45133],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45119,7651],{"class":46},[40,45121,51],{"class":50},[40,45123,8013],{"class":84},[40,45125,88],{"class":54},[40,45127,213],{"class":212},[40,45129,45130],{"class":216},"What is your name? ",[40,45132,213],{"class":212},[40,45134,95],{"class":54},[40,45136,45137,45139,45141,45143,45146,45148,45150,45152],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,45138,101],{"class":84},[40,45140,88],{"class":54},[40,45142,213],{"class":212},[40,45144,45145],{"class":216},"Hello,",[40,45147,213],{"class":212},[40,45149,62],{"class":54},[40,45151,35754],{"class":91},[40,45153,95],{"class":54},[20,45155,45156,45157,45159],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45158,7446],{}," and prints it.",[792,45161,45163,45164],{"id":45162},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45165,2661],{},[31,45167,45169],{"className":33,"code":45168,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45170,45171,45194],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45172,45173,45175,45177,45179,45181,45183,45185,45187,45190,45192],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45174,21389],{"class":46},[40,45176,51],{"class":50},[40,45178,45029],{"class":609},[40,45180,88],{"class":54},[40,45182,42214],{"class":84},[40,45184,88],{"class":54},[40,45186,213],{"class":212},[40,45188,45189],{"class":216},"How old are you? ",[40,45191,213],{"class":212},[40,45193,256],{"class":54},[40,45195,45196,45198,45200,45202,45205,45207,45209,45212,45214,45216],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,45197,101],{"class":84},[40,45199,88],{"class":54},[40,45201,213],{"class":212},[40,45203,45204],{"class":216},"Next year you will be",[40,45206,213],{"class":212},[40,45208,62],{"class":54},[40,45210,45211],{"class":91}," age ",[40,45213,1843],{"class":50},[40,45215,1226],{"class":58},[40,45217,95],{"class":54},[20,45219,5837,45220,45222,45223,45225],{},[15,45221,2661],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45224,2743],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45227,45228,45229,289],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[282,45230,8752],{"href":8751},[792,45232,45234],{"id":45233},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[31,45236,45238],{"className":33,"code":45237,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45239,45240,45264,45288,45302,45306],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45241,45242,45245,45247,45249,45251,45253,45255,45257,45260,45262],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45243,45244],{"class":46},"num1 ",[40,45246,51],{"class":50},[40,45248,45029],{"class":609},[40,45250,88],{"class":54},[40,45252,42214],{"class":84},[40,45254,88],{"class":54},[40,45256,213],{"class":212},[40,45258,45259],{"class":216},"Enter the first number: ",[40,45261,213],{"class":212},[40,45263,256],{"class":54},[40,45265,45266,45269,45271,45273,45275,45277,45279,45281,45284,45286],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,45267,45268],{"class":46},"num2 ",[40,45270,51],{"class":50},[40,45272,45029],{"class":609},[40,45274,88],{"class":54},[40,45276,42214],{"class":84},[40,45278,88],{"class":54},[40,45280,213],{"class":212},[40,45282,45283],{"class":216},"Enter the second number: ",[40,45285,213],{"class":212},[40,45287,256],{"class":54},[40,45289,45290,45292,45294,45297,45299],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,45291,40937],{"class":46},[40,45293,51],{"class":50},[40,45295,45296],{"class":46}," num1 ",[40,45298,1843],{"class":50},[40,45300,45301],{"class":46}," num2\n",[40,45303,45304],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,45305,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,45307,45308,45310,45312,45314,45317,45319,45321,45324],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,45309,101],{"class":84},[40,45311,88],{"class":54},[40,45313,213],{"class":212},[40,45315,45316],{"class":216},"Total:",[40,45318,213],{"class":212},[40,45320,62],{"class":54},[40,45322,45323],{"class":91}," total",[40,45325,95],{"class":54},[20,45327,29790],{},[31,45329,45331],{"className":33,"code":45330,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45332,45333,45343,45352],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45334,45335,45338,45340],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45336,45337],{"class":46},"Enter the first number",[40,45339,2669],{"class":54},[40,45341,45342],{"class":58}," 2\n",[40,45344,45345,45348,45350],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,45346,45347],{"class":46},"Enter the second number",[40,45349,2669],{"class":54},[40,45351,2360],{"class":58},[40,45353,45354,45357,45359],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,45355,45356],{"class":46},"Total",[40,45358,2669],{"class":54},[40,45360,34605],{"class":58},[20,45362,45363],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45365,195],{},[31,45367,45369],{"className":33,"code":45368,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45370,45371,45389,45407,45411],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45372,45373,45375,45377,45379,45381,45383,45385,45387],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45374,45244],{"class":46},[40,45376,51],{"class":50},[40,45378,8013],{"class":84},[40,45380,88],{"class":54},[40,45382,213],{"class":212},[40,45384,45259],{"class":216},[40,45386,213],{"class":212},[40,45388,95],{"class":54},[40,45390,45391,45393,45395,45397,45399,45401,45403,45405],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,45392,45268],{"class":46},[40,45394,51],{"class":50},[40,45396,8013],{"class":84},[40,45398,88],{"class":54},[40,45400,213],{"class":212},[40,45402,45283],{"class":216},[40,45404,213],{"class":212},[40,45406,95],{"class":54},[40,45408,45409],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,45410,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,45412,45413,45415,45417,45419,45421,45424],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,45414,101],{"class":84},[40,45416,88],{"class":54},[40,45418,45244],{"class":91},[40,45420,1843],{"class":50},[40,45422,45423],{"class":91}," num2",[40,45425,95],{"class":54},[20,45427,29790],{},[31,45429,45431],{"className":33,"code":45430,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45432,45433,45441,45449],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45434,45435,45437,45439],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45436,45337],{"class":46},[40,45438,2669],{"class":54},[40,45440,45342],{"class":58},[40,45442,45443,45445,45447],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,45444,45347],{"class":46},[40,45446,2669],{"class":54},[40,45448,2360],{"class":58},[40,45450,45451],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,45452,45453],{"class":58},"23\n",[20,45455,45456,45457,45460,45461,289],{},"That happens because ",[15,45458,45459],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45462,45463],{},"\"23\"",[44669,45465],{},[129,45467,45469],{"id":45468},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45471,45472,45473,289],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45474,2743],{},[792,45476,4486,45478,41295],{"id":45477},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45479,2743],{},[20,45481,38953],{},[31,45483,45485],{"className":33,"code":45484,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45486,45487,45505],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45488,45489,45491,45493,45495,45497,45499,45501,45503],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45490,2230],{"class":46},[40,45492,51],{"class":50},[40,45494,8013],{"class":84},[40,45496,88],{"class":54},[40,45498,213],{"class":212},[40,45500,41624],{"class":216},[40,45502,213],{"class":212},[40,45504,95],{"class":54},[40,45506,45507,45509,45511,45513,45515,45517],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,45508,101],{"class":84},[40,45510,88],{"class":54},[40,45512,1297],{"class":609},[40,45514,88],{"class":54},[40,45516,2255],{"class":91},[40,45518,256],{"class":54},[20,45520,111],{},[31,45522,45524],{"className":33,"code":45523,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45525,45526],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45527,45528,45530,45532,45534,45536,45538],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45529,3076],{"class":50},[40,45531,3079],{"class":1848},[40,45533,3082],{"class":212},[40,45535,3231],{"class":216},[40,45537,3087],{"class":212},[40,45539,3090],{"class":50},[20,45541,45542],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[792,45544,45546],{"id":45545},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45548,45549],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[31,45551,45553],{"className":33,"code":45552,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45554,45555,45573,45592],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45556,45557,45559,45561,45563,45565,45567,45569,45571],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45558,1384],{"class":46},[40,45560,51],{"class":50},[40,45562,8013],{"class":84},[40,45564,88],{"class":54},[40,45566,213],{"class":212},[40,45568,41624],{"class":216},[40,45570,213],{"class":212},[40,45572,95],{"class":54},[40,45574,45575,45577,45579,45581,45583,45585,45588,45590],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,45576,1405],{"class":46},[40,45578,51],{"class":50},[40,45580,8013],{"class":84},[40,45582,88],{"class":54},[40,45584,213],{"class":212},[40,45586,45587],{"class":216},"Enter another number: ",[40,45589,213],{"class":212},[40,45591,95],{"class":54},[40,45593,45594,45596,45598,45600,45602,45604],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,45595,101],{"class":84},[40,45597,88],{"class":54},[40,45599,1384],{"class":91},[40,45601,1843],{"class":50},[40,45603,2342],{"class":91},[40,45605,95],{"class":54},[20,45607,40875,45608,4176,45610,45612,45613,1061,45616,289],{},[15,45609,2288],{},[15,45611,682],{},", the result is ",[15,45614,45615],{},"45",[15,45617,1926],{},[792,45619,45621,45622,45624,45625],{"id":45620},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45623,40459],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45626,2661],{},[20,45628,195],{},[31,45630,45632],{"className":33,"code":45631,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45633,45634],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45635,45636,45638,45640,45642,45644,45646,45648,45650,45652,45654],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45637,21389],{"class":46},[40,45639,51],{"class":50},[40,45641,45029],{"class":609},[40,45643,88],{"class":54},[40,45645,42214],{"class":84},[40,45647,88],{"class":54},[40,45649,213],{"class":212},[40,45651,44933],{"class":216},[40,45653,213],{"class":212},[40,45655,256],{"class":54},[20,45657,8042,45658,45661,45662,289],{},[15,45659,45660],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45663,40459],{},[20,45665,45666,45667,289],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[282,45668,45670],{"href":45669},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[792,45672,45674],{"id":45673},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45676,45677],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[31,45679,45681],{"className":33,"code":45680,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45682,45683,45701],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45684,45685,45687,45689,45691,45693,45695,45697,45699],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45686,7651],{"class":46},[40,45688,51],{"class":50},[40,45690,8013],{"class":84},[40,45692,88],{"class":54},[40,45694,213],{"class":212},[40,45696,44639],{"class":216},[40,45698,213],{"class":212},[40,45700,95],{"class":54},[40,45702,45703,45705,45707,45709,45711,45713],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,45704,101],{"class":84},[40,45706,88],{"class":54},[40,45708,41532],{"class":84},[40,45710,88],{"class":54},[40,45712,7446],{"class":91},[40,45714,256],{"class":54},[20,45716,45717],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45719,45720,45721,2669],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45722,45723],{},".strip()",[31,45725,45727],{"className":33,"code":45726,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45728,45729,45751],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45730,45731,45733,45735,45737,45739,45741,45743,45745,45747,45749],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45732,7651],{"class":46},[40,45734,51],{"class":50},[40,45736,8013],{"class":84},[40,45738,88],{"class":54},[40,45740,213],{"class":212},[40,45742,44639],{"class":216},[40,45744,213],{"class":212},[40,45746,8401],{"class":54},[40,45748,8404],{"class":91},[40,45750,8413],{"class":54},[40,45752,45753,45755,45757,45759],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,45754,101],{"class":84},[40,45756,88],{"class":54},[40,45758,7446],{"class":91},[40,45760,95],{"class":54},[44669,45762],{},[129,45764,45766],{"id":45765},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45768,45769,45770,45772],{},"These habits make ",[15,45771,2743],{}," easier and safer to use.",[134,45774,45775,45778,45783,45786],{},[137,45776,45777],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[137,45779,123,45780,45782],{},[15,45781,45723],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[137,45784,45785],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[137,45787,123,45788,45790],{},[15,45789,29542],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45792,45793,45794,2669],{},"Example with ",[15,45795,45723],{},[31,45797,45799],{"className":33,"code":45798,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45800,45801,45825],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45802,45803,45806,45808,45810,45812,45814,45817,45819,45821,45823],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45804,45805],{"class":46},"city ",[40,45807,51],{"class":50},[40,45809,8013],{"class":84},[40,45811,88],{"class":54},[40,45813,213],{"class":212},[40,45815,45816],{"class":216},"Enter your city: ",[40,45818,213],{"class":212},[40,45820,8401],{"class":54},[40,45822,8404],{"class":91},[40,45824,8413],{"class":54},[40,45826,45827,45829,45831,45833,45836,45838,45840,45842],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,45828,101],{"class":84},[40,45830,88],{"class":54},[40,45832,213],{"class":212},[40,45834,45835],{"class":216},"City:",[40,45837,213],{"class":212},[40,45839,62],{"class":54},[40,45841,31145],{"class":91},[40,45843,95],{"class":54},[20,45845,45793,45846,2669],{},[15,45847,29542],{},[31,45849,45851],{"className":33,"code":45850,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45852,45853,45859,45882,45914,45922],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45854,45855,45857],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45856,29564],{"class":535},[40,45858,553],{"class":54},[40,45860,45861,45864,45866,45868,45870,45872,45874,45876,45878,45880],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,45862,45863],{"class":46},"    age ",[40,45865,51],{"class":50},[40,45867,45029],{"class":609},[40,45869,88],{"class":54},[40,45871,42214],{"class":84},[40,45873,88],{"class":54},[40,45875,213],{"class":212},[40,45877,44933],{"class":216},[40,45879,213],{"class":212},[40,45881,256],{"class":54},[40,45883,45884,45886,45888,45890,45893,45895,45897,45899,45901,45903,45905,45907,45910,45912],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,45885,558],{"class":84},[40,45887,88],{"class":54},[40,45889,213],{"class":212},[40,45891,45892],{"class":216},"You will be",[40,45894,213],{"class":212},[40,45896,62],{"class":54},[40,45898,45211],{"class":91},[40,45900,1843],{"class":50},[40,45902,1226],{"class":58},[40,45904,62],{"class":54},[40,45906,224],{"class":212},[40,45908,45909],{"class":216},"next year",[40,45911,213],{"class":212},[40,45913,95],{"class":54},[40,45915,45916,45918,45920],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,45917,29595],{"class":535},[40,45919,41679],{"class":609},[40,45921,553],{"class":54},[40,45923,45924,45926,45928,45930,45933,45935],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,45925,558],{"class":84},[40,45927,88],{"class":54},[40,45929,213],{"class":212},[40,45931,45932],{"class":216},"Please enter a whole number.",[40,45934,213],{"class":212},[40,45936,95],{"class":54},[20,45938,45939],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45941,45942,45943,289],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[282,45944,45946],{"href":45945},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44669,45948],{},[129,45950,2613],{"id":2612},[20,45952,45953,45954,2669],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45955,2743],{},[134,45957,45958,45965,45968,45971],{},[137,45959,45960,45961,2662,45963],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45962,2661],{},[15,45964,2668],{},[137,45966,45967],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[137,45969,45970],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[137,45972,45973],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45975,31843],{},[31,45977,45979],{"className":33,"code":45978,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45980,45981,45991,46005],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,45982,45983,45985,45987,45989],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,45984,101],{"class":84},[40,45986,88],{"class":54},[40,45988,2255],{"class":91},[40,45990,95],{"class":54},[40,45992,45993,45995,45997,45999,46001,46003],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,45994,101],{"class":84},[40,45996,88],{"class":54},[40,45998,1297],{"class":609},[40,46000,88],{"class":54},[40,46002,2255],{"class":91},[40,46004,256],{"class":54},[40,46006,46007,46009,46011,46013,46015,46017],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,46008,101],{"class":84},[40,46010,88],{"class":54},[40,46012,41532],{"class":84},[40,46014,88],{"class":54},[40,46016,2255],{"class":91},[40,46018,256],{"class":54},[20,46020,46021,46022,46024],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46023,2743],{}," actually returned:",[134,46026,46027,46032,46037],{},[137,46028,46029,46031],{},[15,46030,41580],{}," shows the value",[137,46033,46034,46036],{},[15,46035,41586],{}," shows the data type",[137,46038,46039,46041],{},[15,46040,41591],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46043,195],{},[31,46045,46047],{"className":33,"code":46046,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46048,46049,46068,46078,46092],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46050,46051,46053,46055,46057,46059,46061,46064,46066],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46052,2230],{"class":46},[40,46054,51],{"class":50},[40,46056,8013],{"class":84},[40,46058,88],{"class":54},[40,46060,213],{"class":212},[40,46062,46063],{"class":216},"Enter something: ",[40,46065,213],{"class":212},[40,46067,95],{"class":54},[40,46069,46070,46072,46074,46076],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,46071,101],{"class":84},[40,46073,88],{"class":54},[40,46075,2255],{"class":91},[40,46077,95],{"class":54},[40,46079,46080,46082,46084,46086,46088,46090],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,46081,101],{"class":84},[40,46083,88],{"class":54},[40,46085,1297],{"class":609},[40,46087,88],{"class":54},[40,46089,2255],{"class":91},[40,46091,256],{"class":54},[40,46093,46094,46096,46098,46100,46102,46104],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,46095,101],{"class":84},[40,46097,88],{"class":54},[40,46099,41532],{"class":84},[40,46101,88],{"class":54},[40,46103,2255],{"class":91},[40,46105,256],{"class":54},[44669,46107],{},[129,46109,1636],{"id":1635},[792,46111,12474,46113,46115],{"id":46112},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46114,2743],{}," return an integer?",[20,46117,46118,46119,46121,46122,39684],{},"No. ",[15,46120,2743],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46123,2661],{},[792,46125,46127,46128,2275],{"id":46126},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46129,2743],{},[20,46131,46132,46133,46135],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46134,2743],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[792,46137,4935,46139,46142,46143,2275],{"id":46138},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46140,46141],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46144,2743],{},[20,46146,28821,46147,46149,46150,41908,46152,46154],{},[15,46148,2743],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46151,45459],{},[15,46153,45463],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[792,46156,46158],{"id":46157},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46160,123,46161,46163,46164,289],{},[15,46162,45723],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46165,46166],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44669,46168],{},[129,46170,1687],{"id":1686},[134,46172,46173,46178,46182,46188,46194,46198],{},[137,46174,46175],{},[282,46176,46177],{"href":45945},"How to get user input in Python",[137,46179,46180],{},[282,46181,8829],{"href":8751},[137,46183,46184],{},[282,46185,285,46186,288],{"href":2658},[15,46187,2661],{},[137,46189,46190],{},[282,46191,285,46192,288],{"href":2665},[15,46193,2668],{},[137,46195,46196],{},[282,46197,45670],{"href":45669},[137,46199,46200],{},[282,46201,285,46203,288],{"href":46202},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46204,46205],{},"print()",[1715,46207,46208],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":46210},[46211,46212,46214,46215,46217,46223,46231,46232,46233,46242],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":44673,"depth":76,"text":46213},"What input() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":44902,"depth":76,"text":46216},"What input() returns",{"id":45105,"depth":76,"text":45106,"children":46218},[46219,46220,46222],{"id":45109,"depth":98,"text":45110},{"id":45162,"depth":98,"text":46221},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45233,"depth":98,"text":45234},{"id":45468,"depth":76,"text":45469,"children":46224},[46225,46227,46228,46230],{"id":45477,"depth":98,"text":46226},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45545,"depth":98,"text":45546},{"id":45620,"depth":98,"text":46229},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45673,"depth":98,"text":45674},{"id":45765,"depth":76,"text":45766},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":46234},[46235,46237,46239,46241],{"id":46112,"depth":98,"text":46236},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46126,"depth":98,"text":46238},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46138,"depth":98,"text":46240},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46157,"depth":98,"text":46158},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41947,"description":46243},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46250,"title":41849,"body":46251,"description":48562,"extension":1746,"meta":48563,"navigation":360,"path":48564,"seo":48565,"stem":48566,"__hash__":48567},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46252,"toc":48514},[46253,46258,46263,46268,46289,46292,46294,46354,46356,46374,46379,46384,46389,46391,46404,46406,46489,46491,46532,46538,46540,46570,46576,46579,46596,46598,46650,46652,46670,46676,46682,46685,46703,46705,46778,46780,46799,46806,46812,46817,46820,46880,46882,46901,46904,46907,46922,46928,46932,46993,46995,47015,47019,47148,47150,47280,47290,47296,47302,47310,47376,47378,47403,47406,47423,47436,47442,47445,47478,47480,47493,47496,47539,47541,47549,47556,47560,47567,47571,47598,47600,47608,47614,47631,47636,47640,47667,47669,47677,47681,47686,47689,47715,47718,47727,47735,47739,47749,47753,47756,47758,47809,47811,47841,47851,47878,47880,47888,47898,47902,47905,47907,47955,47957,48001,48007,48058,48060,48079,48084,48089,48092,48111,48114,48166,48168,48177,48179,48183,48187,48190,48199,48206,48208,48235,48239,48241,48250,48253,48260,48266,48326,48330,48332,48340,48343,48369,48375,48378,48398,48400,48409,48417,48419,48425,48430,48437,48447,48453,48461,48465,48468,48470,48511],[10,46254,285,46256,3366],{"id":46255},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46257,2661],{},[20,46259,32078,46260,46262],{},[15,46261,2661],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46264,35169,46265,46267],{},[15,46266,2661],{}," when they want to:",[134,46269,46270,46280,46283,46286],{},[137,46271,46272,46273,46276,46277],{},"turn text like ",[15,46274,46275],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46278,46279],{},"42",[137,46281,46282],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[137,46284,46285],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[137,46287,46288],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46290,46291],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[129,46293,1787],{"id":1786},[31,46295,46297],{"className":33,"code":46296,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46298,46299,46317,46331],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46300,46301,46303,46305,46307,46309,46311,46313,46315],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46302,101],{"class":84},[40,46304,88],{"class":54},[40,46306,1972],{"class":609},[40,46308,88],{"class":54},[40,46310,213],{"class":212},[40,46312,46279],{"class":216},[40,46314,213],{"class":212},[40,46316,256],{"class":54},[40,46318,46319,46321,46323,46325,46327,46329],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,46320,101],{"class":84},[40,46322,88],{"class":54},[40,46324,1972],{"class":609},[40,46326,88],{"class":54},[40,46328,41737],{"class":58},[40,46330,256],{"class":54},[40,46332,46333,46335,46337,46339,46341,46343,46346,46348,46350,46352],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,46334,101],{"class":84},[40,46336,88],{"class":54},[40,46338,1972],{"class":609},[40,46340,88],{"class":54},[40,46342,213],{"class":212},[40,46344,46345],{"class":216},"101",[40,46347,213],{"class":212},[40,46349,62],{"class":54},[40,46351,663],{"class":58},[40,46353,256],{"class":54},[20,46355,111],{},[31,46357,46359],{"className":33,"code":46358,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46360,46361,46366,46370],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46362,46363],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46364,46365],{"class":58},"42\n",[40,46367,46368],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,46369,114],{"class":58},[40,46371,46372],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,46373,2732],{"class":58},[20,46375,123,46376,46378],{},[15,46377,2661],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[129,46380,158,46382,3466],{"id":46381},"what-int-does",[15,46383,2661],{},[20,46385,46386,46388],{},[15,46387,2661],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46390,12821],{},[134,46392,46393,46398,46401],{},[137,46394,46395,46396,7117],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46397,1972],{},[137,46399,46400],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[137,46402,46403],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46405,195],{},[31,46407,46409],{"className":33,"code":46408,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46410,46411,46423,46437,46441,46451,46461,46475],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46412,46413,46415,46417,46419,46421],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46414,34450],{"class":46},[40,46416,51],{"class":50},[40,46418,224],{"class":212},[40,46420,8964],{"class":216},[40,46422,3146],{"class":212},[40,46424,46425,46427,46429,46431,46433,46435],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,46426,2001],{"class":46},[40,46428,51],{"class":50},[40,46430,45029],{"class":609},[40,46432,88],{"class":54},[40,46434,34471],{"class":91},[40,46436,95],{"class":54},[40,46438,46439],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,46440,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,46442,46443,46445,46447,46449],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,46444,101],{"class":84},[40,46446,88],{"class":54},[40,46448,34471],{"class":91},[40,46450,95],{"class":54},[40,46452,46453,46455,46457,46459],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,46454,101],{"class":84},[40,46456,88],{"class":54},[40,46458,2023],{"class":91},[40,46460,95],{"class":54},[40,46462,46463,46465,46467,46469,46471,46473],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,46464,101],{"class":84},[40,46466,88],{"class":54},[40,46468,1297],{"class":609},[40,46470,88],{"class":54},[40,46472,34471],{"class":91},[40,46474,256],{"class":54},[40,46476,46477,46479,46481,46483,46485,46487],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,46478,101],{"class":84},[40,46480,88],{"class":54},[40,46482,1297],{"class":609},[40,46484,88],{"class":54},[40,46486,2023],{"class":91},[40,46488,256],{"class":54},[20,46490,111],{},[31,46492,46494],{"className":33,"code":46493,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46495,46496,46500,46504,46518],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46497,46498],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46499,2491],{"class":58},[40,46501,46502],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,46503,2491],{"class":58},[40,46505,46506,46508,46510,46512,46514,46516],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,46507,3076],{"class":50},[40,46509,3079],{"class":1848},[40,46511,3082],{"class":212},[40,46513,3231],{"class":216},[40,46515,3087],{"class":212},[40,46517,3090],{"class":50},[40,46519,46520,46522,46524,46526,46528,46530],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,46521,3076],{"class":50},[40,46523,3079],{"class":1848},[40,46525,3082],{"class":212},[40,46527,1972],{"class":216},[40,46529,3087],{"class":212},[40,46531,3090],{"class":50},[20,46533,46534,46535,46537],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46536,2661],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[129,46539,1940],{"id":1939},[31,46541,46543],{"className":33,"code":46542,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46544,46545,46555],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46546,46547,46549,46551,46553],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46548,1972],{"class":609},[40,46550,88],{"class":54},[40,46552,1957],{"class":91},[40,46554,95],{"class":54},[40,46556,46557,46559,46561,46563,46565,46568],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,46558,1972],{"class":609},[40,46560,88],{"class":54},[40,46562,1957],{"class":91},[40,46564,62],{"class":54},[40,46566,46567],{"class":91}," base",[40,46569,95],{"class":54},[792,46571,46573],{"id":46572},"intx",[15,46574,46575],{},"int(x)",[20,46577,46578],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[134,46580,46581,46586,46591],{},[137,46582,46583,46584],{},"a string such as ",[15,46585,41879],{},[137,46587,46588,46589],{},"a float such as ",[15,46590,41737],{},[137,46592,46593,46594],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46595,3391],{},[20,46597,195],{},[31,46599,46601],{"className":33,"code":46600,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46602,46603,46621,46636],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46604,46605,46607,46609,46611,46613,46615,46617,46619],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46606,101],{"class":84},[40,46608,88],{"class":54},[40,46610,1972],{"class":609},[40,46612,88],{"class":54},[40,46614,213],{"class":212},[40,46616,59],{"class":216},[40,46618,213],{"class":212},[40,46620,256],{"class":54},[40,46622,46623,46625,46627,46629,46631,46634],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,46624,101],{"class":84},[40,46626,88],{"class":54},[40,46628,1972],{"class":609},[40,46630,88],{"class":54},[40,46632,46633],{"class":58},"8.7",[40,46635,256],{"class":54},[40,46637,46638,46640,46642,46644,46646,46648],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,46639,101],{"class":84},[40,46641,88],{"class":54},[40,46643,1972],{"class":609},[40,46645,88],{"class":54},[40,46647,3391],{"class":1494},[40,46649,256],{"class":54},[20,46651,111],{},[31,46653,46655],{"className":33,"code":46654,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46656,46657,46661,46665],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46658,46659],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46660,2160],{"class":58},[40,46662,46663],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,46664,2165],{"class":58},[40,46666,46667],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,46668,46669],{"class":58},"1\n",[792,46671,46673],{"id":46672},"intx-base",[15,46674,46675],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46677,46678,46679,46681],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46680,1957],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46683,46684],{},"Common bases:",[134,46686,46687,46692,46697],{},[137,46688,46689,46691],{},[15,46690,744],{}," for binary",[137,46693,46694,46696],{},[15,46695,2129],{}," for octal",[137,46698,46699,46702],{},[15,46700,46701],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46704,195],{},[31,46706,46708],{"className":33,"code":46707,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46709,46710,46732,46755],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46711,46712,46714,46716,46718,46720,46722,46724,46726,46728,46730],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46713,101],{"class":84},[40,46715,88],{"class":54},[40,46717,1972],{"class":609},[40,46719,88],{"class":54},[40,46721,213],{"class":212},[40,46723,46345],{"class":216},[40,46725,213],{"class":212},[40,46727,62],{"class":54},[40,46729,663],{"class":58},[40,46731,256],{"class":54},[40,46733,46734,46736,46738,46740,46742,46744,46747,46749,46751,46753],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,46735,101],{"class":84},[40,46737,88],{"class":54},[40,46739,1972],{"class":609},[40,46741,88],{"class":54},[40,46743,213],{"class":212},[40,46745,46746],{"class":216},"17",[40,46748,213],{"class":212},[40,46750,62],{"class":54},[40,46752,6137],{"class":58},[40,46754,256],{"class":54},[40,46756,46757,46759,46761,46763,46765,46767,46770,46772,46774,46776],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,46758,101],{"class":84},[40,46760,88],{"class":54},[40,46762,1972],{"class":609},[40,46764,88],{"class":54},[40,46766,213],{"class":212},[40,46768,46769],{"class":216},"1A",[40,46771,213],{"class":212},[40,46773,62],{"class":54},[40,46775,13755],{"class":58},[40,46777,256],{"class":54},[20,46779,111],{},[31,46781,46783],{"className":33,"code":46782,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46784,46785,46789,46794],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46786,46787],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46788,2732],{"class":58},[40,46790,46791],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,46792,46793],{"class":58},"15\n",[40,46795,46796],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,46797,46798],{"class":58},"26\n",[20,46800,46801,46802,289],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[282,46803,46804,2087],{"href":2665},[15,46805,2668],{},[129,46807,795,46809,46811],{"id":46808},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46810,2661],{}," with strings",[20,46813,46814,46816],{},[15,46815,2661],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46818,46819],{},"Examples that work:",[31,46821,46823],{"className":33,"code":46822,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46824,46825,46843,46861],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46826,46827,46829,46831,46833,46835,46837,46839,46841],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46828,101],{"class":84},[40,46830,88],{"class":54},[40,46832,1972],{"class":609},[40,46834,88],{"class":54},[40,46836,213],{"class":212},[40,46838,682],{"class":216},[40,46840,213],{"class":212},[40,46842,256],{"class":54},[40,46844,46845,46847,46849,46851,46853,46855,46857,46859],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,46846,101],{"class":84},[40,46848,88],{"class":54},[40,46850,1972],{"class":609},[40,46852,88],{"class":54},[40,46854,213],{"class":212},[40,46856,2076],{"class":216},[40,46858,213],{"class":212},[40,46860,256],{"class":54},[40,46862,46863,46865,46867,46869,46871,46873,46876,46878],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,46864,101],{"class":84},[40,46866,88],{"class":54},[40,46868,1972],{"class":609},[40,46870,88],{"class":54},[40,46872,213],{"class":212},[40,46874,46875],{"class":216},"  42  ",[40,46877,213],{"class":212},[40,46879,256],{"class":54},[20,46881,111],{},[31,46883,46885],{"className":33,"code":46884,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46886,46887,46891,46897],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46888,46889],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46890,2732],{"class":58},[40,46892,46893,46895],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,46894,1806],{"class":50},[40,46896,2008],{"class":58},[40,46898,46899],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,46900,46365],{"class":58},[20,46902,46903],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46905,46906],{},"Examples that fail:",[31,46908,46910],{"className":33,"code":46909,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46911,46912,46917],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46913,46914],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46915,46916],{"class":3449},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[40,46918,46919],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,46920,46921],{"class":3449},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46923,46924,46925,46927],{},"These raise ",[15,46926,40459],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[792,46929,46931],{"id":46930},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[31,46933,46935],{"className":33,"code":46934,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46936,46937,46955,46974],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,46938,46939,46941,46943,46945,46947,46949,46951,46953],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,46940,101],{"class":84},[40,46942,88],{"class":54},[40,46944,1972],{"class":609},[40,46946,88],{"class":54},[40,46948,213],{"class":212},[40,46950,192],{"class":216},[40,46952,213],{"class":212},[40,46954,256],{"class":54},[40,46956,46957,46959,46961,46963,46965,46967,46970,46972],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,46958,101],{"class":84},[40,46960,88],{"class":54},[40,46962,1972],{"class":609},[40,46964,88],{"class":54},[40,46966,213],{"class":212},[40,46968,46969],{"class":216},"+7",[40,46971,213],{"class":212},[40,46973,256],{"class":54},[40,46975,46976,46978,46980,46982,46984,46986,46989,46991],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,46977,101],{"class":84},[40,46979,88],{"class":54},[40,46981,1972],{"class":609},[40,46983,88],{"class":54},[40,46985,213],{"class":212},[40,46987,46988],{"class":216},"-100",[40,46990,213],{"class":212},[40,46992,256],{"class":54},[20,46994,111],{},[31,46996,46998],{"className":33,"code":46997,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46999,47000,47004,47008],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47001,47002],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47003,504],{"class":58},[40,47005,47006],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,47007,1863],{"class":58},[40,47009,47010,47012],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,47011,1806],{"class":50},[40,47013,47014],{"class":58},"100\n",[792,47016,47018],{"id":47017},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[31,47020,47022],{"className":33,"code":47021,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47023,47024,47062,47066,47078,47085,47100,47115],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47025,47026,47028,47030,47032,47034,47036,47038,47040,47042,47045,47047,47049,47051,47053,47055,47058,47060],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47027,3610],{"class":46},[40,47029,51],{"class":50},[40,47031,55],{"class":54},[40,47033,213],{"class":212},[40,47035,39898],{"class":216},[40,47037,213],{"class":212},[40,47039,62],{"class":54},[40,47041,224],{"class":212},[40,47043,47044],{"class":216},"12abc",[40,47046,213],{"class":212},[40,47048,62],{"class":54},[40,47050,5903],{"class":212},[40,47052,62],{"class":54},[40,47054,224],{"class":212},[40,47056,47057],{"class":216},"seven",[40,47059,213],{"class":212},[40,47061,73],{"class":54},[40,47063,47064],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,47065,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,47067,47068,47070,47072,47074,47076],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,47069,1548],{"class":535},[40,47071,21345],{"class":46},[40,47073,1554],{"class":535},[40,47075,3671],{"class":46},[40,47077,553],{"class":54},[40,47079,47080,47083],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,47081,47082],{"class":535},"    try",[40,47084,553],{"class":54},[40,47086,47087,47090,47092,47094,47096,47098],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,47088,47089],{"class":84},"        print",[40,47091,88],{"class":54},[40,47093,1972],{"class":609},[40,47095,88],{"class":54},[40,47097,2255],{"class":91},[40,47099,256],{"class":54},[40,47101,47102,47105,47107,47110,47113],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,47103,47104],{"class":535},"    except",[40,47106,41679],{"class":609},[40,47108,47109],{"class":535}," as",[40,47111,47112],{"class":46}," error",[40,47114,553],{"class":54},[40,47116,47117,47119,47121,47123,47125,47127,47129,47132,47134,47137,47139,47142,47144,47146],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,47118,47089],{"class":84},[40,47120,88],{"class":54},[40,47122,22055],{"class":1848},[40,47124,213],{"class":216},[40,47126,9048],{"class":58},[40,47128,2255],{"class":91},[40,47130,47131],{"class":1848},"!r",[40,47133,22064],{"class":58},[40,47135,47136],{"class":216}," -> ",[40,47138,9048],{"class":58},[40,47140,47141],{"class":91},"error",[40,47143,22064],{"class":58},[40,47145,213],{"class":216},[40,47147,95],{"class":54},[20,47149,111],{},[31,47151,47153],{"className":33,"code":47152,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47154,47155,47191,47223,47248],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47156,47157,47159,47161,47163,47166,47169,47171,47173,47175,47178,47181,47183,47185,47187,47189],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47158,3087],{"class":43080},[40,47160,39898],{"class":43084},[40,47162,3087],{"class":43080},[40,47164,47165],{"class":37123}," ->",[40,47167,47168],{"class":46}," invalid literal ",[40,47170,1548],{"class":535},[40,47172,45029],{"class":609},[40,47174,7143],{"class":54},[40,47176,47177],{"class":535}," with",[40,47179,47180],{"class":46}," base ",[40,47182,59],{"class":58},[40,47184,2669],{"class":54},[40,47186,3082],{"class":212},[40,47188,39898],{"class":216},[40,47190,29460],{"class":212},[40,47192,47193,47195,47197,47199,47201,47203,47205,47207,47209,47211,47213,47215,47217,47219,47221],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,47194,3087],{"class":212},[40,47196,47044],{"class":216},[40,47198,3087],{"class":212},[40,47200,47165],{"class":37123},[40,47202,47168],{"class":46},[40,47204,1548],{"class":535},[40,47206,45029],{"class":609},[40,47208,7143],{"class":54},[40,47210,47177],{"class":535},[40,47212,47180],{"class":46},[40,47214,59],{"class":58},[40,47216,2669],{"class":54},[40,47218,3082],{"class":212},[40,47220,47044],{"class":216},[40,47222,29460],{"class":212},[40,47224,47225,47227,47229,47231,47233,47235,47237,47239,47241,47243,47245],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,47226,3560],{"class":212},[40,47228,47165],{"class":37123},[40,47230,47168],{"class":46},[40,47232,1548],{"class":535},[40,47234,45029],{"class":609},[40,47236,7143],{"class":54},[40,47238,47177],{"class":535},[40,47240,47180],{"class":46},[40,47242,59],{"class":58},[40,47244,2669],{"class":54},[40,47246,47247],{"class":212}," ''\n",[40,47249,47250,47252,47254,47256,47258,47260,47262,47264,47266,47268,47270,47272,47274,47276,47278],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,47251,3087],{"class":212},[40,47253,47057],{"class":216},[40,47255,3087],{"class":212},[40,47257,47165],{"class":37123},[40,47259,47168],{"class":46},[40,47261,1548],{"class":535},[40,47263,45029],{"class":609},[40,47265,7143],{"class":54},[40,47267,47177],{"class":535},[40,47269,47180],{"class":46},[40,47271,59],{"class":58},[40,47273,2669],{"class":54},[40,47275,3082],{"class":212},[40,47277,47057],{"class":216},[40,47279,29460],{"class":212},[20,47281,47282,47283,47285,47286,289],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[282,47284,8752],{"href":8751}," and the ",[282,47287,47288,2087],{"href":7991},[15,47289,2743],{},[129,47291,795,47293,47295],{"id":47292},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47294,2661],{}," with floats",[20,47297,47298,47299,47301],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47300,2661],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47303,47304,47305,13821,47307,47309],{},"Important: ",[15,47306,2661],{},[183,47308,185],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[31,47311,47313],{"className":33,"code":47312,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47314,47315,47329,47344,47360],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47316,47317,47319,47321,47323,47325,47327],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47318,101],{"class":84},[40,47320,88],{"class":54},[40,47322,1972],{"class":609},[40,47324,88],{"class":54},[40,47326,41737],{"class":58},[40,47328,256],{"class":54},[40,47330,47331,47333,47335,47337,47339,47342],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,47332,101],{"class":84},[40,47334,88],{"class":54},[40,47336,1972],{"class":609},[40,47338,88],{"class":54},[40,47340,47341],{"class":58},"3.1",[40,47343,256],{"class":54},[40,47345,47346,47348,47350,47352,47354,47356,47358],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,47347,101],{"class":84},[40,47349,88],{"class":54},[40,47351,1972],{"class":609},[40,47353,88],{"class":54},[40,47355,1806],{"class":50},[40,47357,41737],{"class":58},[40,47359,256],{"class":54},[40,47361,47362,47364,47366,47368,47370,47372,47374],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,47363,101],{"class":84},[40,47365,88],{"class":54},[40,47367,1972],{"class":609},[40,47369,88],{"class":54},[40,47371,1806],{"class":50},[40,47373,47341],{"class":58},[40,47375,256],{"class":54},[20,47377,111],{},[31,47379,47381],{"className":33,"code":47380,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47382,47383,47387,47391,47397],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47384,47385],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47386,114],{"class":58},[40,47388,47389],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,47390,114],{"class":58},[40,47392,47393,47395],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,47394,1806],{"class":50},[40,47396,114],{"class":58},[40,47398,47399,47401],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,47400,1806],{"class":50},[40,47402,114],{"class":58},[20,47404,47405],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[134,47407,47408,47415],{},[137,47409,47410,41908,47413],{},[15,47411,47412],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47414,401],{},[137,47416,47417,41908,47420],{},[15,47418,47419],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47421,47422],{},"-3",[20,47424,47425,47426,47430,47431,289],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[282,47427,47428],{"href":2665},[15,47429,2668],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[282,47432,47433],{"href":41928},[15,47434,47435],{},"str()",[129,47437,795,47439,47441],{"id":47438},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47440,2661],{}," with booleans",[20,47443,47444],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[31,47446,47448],{"className":33,"code":47447,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47449,47450,47464],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47451,47452,47454,47456,47458,47460,47462],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47453,101],{"class":84},[40,47455,88],{"class":54},[40,47457,1972],{"class":609},[40,47459,88],{"class":54},[40,47461,3391],{"class":1494},[40,47463,256],{"class":54},[40,47465,47466,47468,47470,47472,47474,47476],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,47467,101],{"class":84},[40,47469,88],{"class":54},[40,47471,1972],{"class":609},[40,47473,88],{"class":54},[40,47475,3460],{"class":1494},[40,47477,256],{"class":54},[20,47479,111],{},[31,47481,47483],{"className":33,"code":47482,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1\n0\n",[15,47484,47485,47489],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47486,47487],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47488,46669],{"class":58},[40,47490,47491],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,47492,504],{"class":58},[20,47494,47495],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[31,47497,47499],{"className":33,"code":47498,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47500,47501,47510,47525,47529],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47502,47503,47506,47508],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47504,47505],{"class":46},"passed ",[40,47507,51],{"class":50},[40,47509,6200],{"class":1494},[40,47511,47512,47514,47516,47518,47520,47523],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,47513,40937],{"class":46},[40,47515,51],{"class":50},[40,47517,45029],{"class":609},[40,47519,88],{"class":54},[40,47521,47522],{"class":91},"passed",[40,47524,95],{"class":54},[40,47526,47527],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,47528,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,47530,47531,47533,47535,47537],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,47532,101],{"class":84},[40,47534,88],{"class":54},[40,47536,40966],{"class":91},[40,47538,95],{"class":54},[20,47540,111],{},[31,47542,47543],{"className":33,"code":46669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,47544,47545],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47546,47547],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47548,46669],{"class":58},[20,47550,47551,47552,289],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[282,47553,47554,2087],{"href":5559},[15,47555,3600],{},[129,47557,47559],{"id":47558},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47561,47562,47563,47566],{},"Use the ",[15,47564,47565],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[792,47568,47570],{"id":47569},"binary-example","Binary example",[31,47572,47574],{"className":33,"code":47573,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47575,47576],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47577,47578,47580,47582,47584,47586,47588,47590,47592,47594,47596],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47579,101],{"class":84},[40,47581,88],{"class":54},[40,47583,1972],{"class":609},[40,47585,88],{"class":54},[40,47587,213],{"class":212},[40,47589,46345],{"class":216},[40,47591,213],{"class":212},[40,47593,62],{"class":54},[40,47595,663],{"class":58},[40,47597,256],{"class":54},[20,47599,111],{},[31,47601,47602],{"className":33,"code":2732,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,47603,47604],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47605,47606],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47607,2732],{"class":58},[20,47609,47610,47613],{},[15,47611,47612],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[134,47615,47616,47621,47626],{},[137,47617,47618],{},[15,47619,47620],{},"1 × 4",[137,47622,47623],{},[15,47624,47625],{},"0 × 2",[137,47627,47628],{},[15,47629,47630],{},"1 × 1",[20,47632,47633,47634,289],{},"So the result is ",[15,47635,682],{},[792,47637,47639],{"id":47638},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[31,47641,47643],{"className":33,"code":47642,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47644,47645],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47646,47647,47649,47651,47653,47655,47657,47659,47661,47663,47665],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47648,101],{"class":84},[40,47650,88],{"class":54},[40,47652,1972],{"class":609},[40,47654,88],{"class":54},[40,47656,213],{"class":212},[40,47658,46769],{"class":216},[40,47660,213],{"class":212},[40,47662,62],{"class":54},[40,47664,13755],{"class":58},[40,47666,256],{"class":54},[20,47668,111],{},[31,47670,47671],{"className":33,"code":46798,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,47672,47673],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47674,47675],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47676,46798],{"class":58},[792,47678,47680],{"id":47679},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47682,606,47683,47685],{},[15,47684,47565],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47687,47688],{},"Good:",[31,47690,47691],{"className":33,"code":47573,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,47692,47693],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47694,47695,47697,47699,47701,47703,47705,47707,47709,47711,47713],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47696,101],{"class":84},[40,47698,88],{"class":54},[40,47700,1972],{"class":609},[40,47702,88],{"class":54},[40,47704,213],{"class":212},[40,47706,46345],{"class":216},[40,47708,213],{"class":212},[40,47710,62],{"class":54},[40,47712,663],{"class":58},[40,47714,256],{"class":54},[20,47716,47717],{},"Not correct:",[31,47719,47721],{"className":33,"code":47720,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47722,47723],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47724,47725],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47726,47720],{"class":3449},[20,47728,47729,47730,8371,47732,47734],{},"That causes a ",[15,47731,2790],{},[15,47733,47565],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[129,47736,47738],{"id":47737},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47740,47741,47742,47744,47745,4176,47747,289],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47743,2661],{}," are ",[15,47746,40459],{},[15,47748,2790],{},[792,47750,47751],{"id":41266},[15,47752,40459],{},[20,47754,47755],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47757,195],{},[31,47759,47761],{"className":33,"code":47760,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47762,47763,47769,47787,47799],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47764,47765,47767],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47766,29564],{"class":535},[40,47768,553],{"class":54},[40,47770,47771,47773,47775,47777,47779,47781,47783,47785],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,47772,558],{"class":84},[40,47774,88],{"class":54},[40,47776,1972],{"class":609},[40,47778,88],{"class":54},[40,47780,213],{"class":212},[40,47782,39898],{"class":216},[40,47784,213],{"class":212},[40,47786,256],{"class":54},[40,47788,47789,47791,47793,47795,47797],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,47790,29595],{"class":535},[40,47792,41679],{"class":609},[40,47794,47109],{"class":535},[40,47796,47112],{"class":46},[40,47798,553],{"class":54},[40,47800,47801,47803,47805,47807],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,47802,558],{"class":84},[40,47804,88],{"class":54},[40,47806,47141],{"class":91},[40,47808,95],{"class":54},[20,47810,111],{},[31,47812,47814],{"className":33,"code":47813,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47815,47816],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47817,47818,47821,47823,47825,47827,47829,47831,47833,47835,47837,47839],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47819,47820],{"class":46},"invalid literal ",[40,47822,1548],{"class":535},[40,47824,45029],{"class":609},[40,47826,7143],{"class":54},[40,47828,47177],{"class":535},[40,47830,47180],{"class":46},[40,47832,59],{"class":58},[40,47834,2669],{"class":54},[40,47836,3082],{"class":212},[40,47838,39898],{"class":216},[40,47840,29460],{"class":212},[20,47842,47843,47844,47847,47848,47850],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47845,47846],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47849,2661],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[31,47852,47854],{"className":33,"code":47853,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47855,47856],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47857,47858,47860,47862,47864,47866,47868,47870,47872,47874,47876],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47859,101],{"class":84},[40,47861,88],{"class":54},[40,47863,1972],{"class":609},[40,47865,88],{"class":54},[40,47867,1976],{"class":609},[40,47869,88],{"class":54},[40,47871,213],{"class":212},[40,47873,39898],{"class":216},[40,47875,213],{"class":212},[40,47877,2697],{"class":54},[20,47879,111],{},[31,47881,47882],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,47883,47884],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47885,47886],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47887,114],{"class":58},[20,47889,47890,47891,4176,47894,289],{},"If you see this often, read ",[282,47892,47893],{"href":2747},"how to convert string to int in Python",[282,47895,25442,47896],{"href":45669},[15,47897,45670],{},[792,47899,47900],{"id":41332},[15,47901,2790],{},[20,47903,47904],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47906,195],{},[31,47908,47910],{"className":33,"code":47909,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47911,47912,47918,47932,47945],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47913,47914,47916],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47915,29564],{"class":535},[40,47917,553],{"class":54},[40,47919,47920,47922,47924,47926,47928,47930],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,47921,558],{"class":84},[40,47923,88],{"class":54},[40,47925,1972],{"class":609},[40,47927,88],{"class":54},[40,47929,3565],{"class":1494},[40,47931,256],{"class":54},[40,47933,47934,47936,47939,47941,47943],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,47935,29595],{"class":535},[40,47937,47938],{"class":609}," TypeError",[40,47940,47109],{"class":535},[40,47942,47112],{"class":46},[40,47944,553],{"class":54},[40,47946,47947,47949,47951,47953],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,47948,558],{"class":84},[40,47950,88],{"class":54},[40,47952,47141],{"class":91},[40,47954,95],{"class":54},[20,47956,111],{},[31,47958,47960],{"className":33,"code":47959,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47961,47962],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,47963,47964,47966,47968,47971,47973,47975,47978,47980,47983,47985,47988,47990,47992,47994,47996,47999],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,47965,1972],{"class":609},[40,47967,7143],{"class":54},[40,47969,47970],{"class":46}," argument must be a string",[40,47972,62],{"class":54},[40,47974,44297],{"class":46},[40,47976,47977],{"class":609},"bytes",[40,47979,1806],{"class":50},[40,47981,47982],{"class":46},"like ",[40,47984,42150],{"class":609},[40,47986,47987],{"class":50}," or",[40,47989,40595],{"class":46},[40,47991,62],{"class":54},[40,47993,7872],{"class":50},[40,47995,3082],{"class":212},[40,47997,47998],{"class":216},"NoneType",[40,48000,29460],{"class":212},[20,48002,48003,48004,48006],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48005,47565],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[31,48008,48010],{"className":33,"code":48009,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48011,48012,48018,48036,48048],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48013,48014,48016],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48015,29564],{"class":535},[40,48017,553],{"class":54},[40,48019,48020,48022,48024,48026,48028,48030,48032,48034],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,48021,558],{"class":84},[40,48023,88],{"class":54},[40,48025,1972],{"class":609},[40,48027,88],{"class":54},[40,48029,46345],{"class":58},[40,48031,62],{"class":54},[40,48033,663],{"class":58},[40,48035,256],{"class":54},[40,48037,48038,48040,48042,48044,48046],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,48039,29595],{"class":535},[40,48041,47938],{"class":609},[40,48043,47109],{"class":535},[40,48045,47112],{"class":46},[40,48047,553],{"class":54},[40,48049,48050,48052,48054,48056],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,48051,558],{"class":84},[40,48053,88],{"class":54},[40,48055,47141],{"class":91},[40,48057,95],{"class":54},[20,48059,111],{},[31,48061,48063],{"className":33,"code":48062,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48064,48065],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48066,48067,48069,48071,48074,48076],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48068,1972],{"class":609},[40,48070,7143],{"class":54},[40,48072,48073],{"class":46}," can",[40,48075,3087],{"class":212},[40,48077,48078],{"class":216},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[129,48080,1345,48082],{"id":48081},"when-to-use-int",[15,48083,2661],{},[20,48085,123,48086,48088],{},[15,48087,2661],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48090,48091],{},"Common uses:",[134,48093,48094,48100,48103,48106],{},[137,48095,48096,48097,48099],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48098,2743],{}," into integers",[137,48101,48102],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[137,48104,48105],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[137,48107,48108,48109,36372],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48110,47565],{},[20,48112,48113],{},"Example with user input:",[31,48115,48117],{"className":33,"code":48116,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48118,48119,48133,48148,48152],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48120,48121,48124,48126,48128,48131],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48122,48123],{"class":46},"age_text ",[40,48125,51],{"class":50},[40,48127,224],{"class":212},[40,48129,48130],{"class":216},"18",[40,48132,3146],{"class":212},[40,48134,48135,48137,48139,48141,48143,48146],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,48136,21389],{"class":46},[40,48138,51],{"class":50},[40,48140,45029],{"class":609},[40,48142,88],{"class":54},[40,48144,48145],{"class":91},"age_text",[40,48147,95],{"class":54},[40,48149,48150],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,48151,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,48153,48154,48156,48158,48160,48162,48164],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,48155,101],{"class":84},[40,48157,88],{"class":54},[40,48159,21389],{"class":91},[40,48161,1843],{"class":50},[40,48163,1226],{"class":58},[40,48165,95],{"class":54},[20,48167,111],{},[31,48169,48171],{"className":33,"code":48170,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"19\n",[15,48172,48173],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48174,48175],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48176,48170],{"class":58},[129,48178,2613],{"id":2612},[20,48180,14501,48181,289],{},[15,48182,2661],{},[792,48184,48186],{"id":48185},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48188,48189],{},"This fails:",[31,48191,48193],{"className":33,"code":48192,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48194,48195],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48196,48197],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48198,48192],{"class":3449},[20,48200,48201,48202,48205],{},"Why: ",[15,48203,48204],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48207,1165],{},[31,48209,48211],{"className":33,"code":48210,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48212,48213],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48214,48215,48217,48219,48221,48223,48225,48227,48229,48231,48233],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48216,101],{"class":84},[40,48218,88],{"class":54},[40,48220,1972],{"class":609},[40,48222,88],{"class":54},[40,48224,1976],{"class":609},[40,48226,88],{"class":54},[40,48228,213],{"class":212},[40,48230,40878],{"class":216},[40,48232,213],{"class":212},[40,48234,2697],{"class":54},[792,48236,48238],{"id":48237},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48240,48189],{},[31,48242,48244],{"className":33,"code":48243,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48245,48246],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48247,48248],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48249,48243],{"class":3449},[20,48251,48252],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[792,48254,48256,48257],{"id":48255},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48258,48259],{},"int(None)",[20,48261,48262,48263,48265],{},"This fails because ",[15,48264,3565],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[31,48267,48269],{"className":33,"code":48268,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48270,48271,48280,48284,48290,48304,48316],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48272,48273,48275,48277],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48274,2230],{"class":46},[40,48276,51],{"class":50},[40,48278,48279],{"class":1494}," None\n",[40,48281,48282],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,48283,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,48285,48286,48288],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,48287,29564],{"class":535},[40,48289,553],{"class":54},[40,48291,48292,48294,48296,48298,48300,48302],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,48293,558],{"class":84},[40,48295,88],{"class":54},[40,48297,1972],{"class":609},[40,48299,88],{"class":54},[40,48301,2255],{"class":91},[40,48303,256],{"class":54},[40,48305,48306,48308,48310,48312,48314],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,48307,29595],{"class":535},[40,48309,47938],{"class":609},[40,48311,47109],{"class":535},[40,48313,47112],{"class":46},[40,48315,553],{"class":54},[40,48317,48318,48320,48322,48324],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,48319,558],{"class":84},[40,48321,88],{"class":54},[40,48323,47141],{"class":91},[40,48325,95],{"class":54},[792,48327,48329],{"id":48328},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48331,48189],{},[31,48333,48334],{"className":33,"code":47720,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,48335,48336],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48337,48338],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48339,47720],{"class":3449},[20,48341,48342],{},"Use a string instead:",[31,48344,48345],{"className":33,"code":47573,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,48346,48347],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48348,48349,48351,48353,48355,48357,48359,48361,48363,48365,48367],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48350,101],{"class":84},[40,48352,88],{"class":54},[40,48354,1972],{"class":609},[40,48356,88],{"class":54},[40,48358,213],{"class":212},[40,48360,46345],{"class":216},[40,48362,213],{"class":212},[40,48364,62],{"class":54},[40,48366,663],{"class":58},[40,48368,256],{"class":54},[792,48370,8223,48372,48374],{"id":48371},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48373,2661],{}," to round",[20,48376,48377],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[31,48379,48381],{"className":33,"code":48380,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48382,48383],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48384,48385,48387,48389,48391,48393,48396],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48386,101],{"class":84},[40,48388,88],{"class":54},[40,48390,1972],{"class":609},[40,48392,88],{"class":54},[40,48394,48395],{"class":58},"4.9",[40,48397,256],{"class":54},[20,48399,111],{},[31,48401,48403],{"className":33,"code":48402,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"4\n",[15,48404,48405],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48406,48407],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48408,48402],{"class":58},[20,48410,2955,48411,48413,48414,48416],{},[15,48412,682],{},", remember that ",[15,48415,2661],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[129,48418,1636],{"id":1635},[792,48420,12474,48422,48424],{"id":48421},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48423,2661],{}," round numbers?",[20,48426,46118,48427,48429],{},[15,48428,2661],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[792,48431,4935,48433,48436],{"id":48432},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48434,48435],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48438,28821,48439,48441,48442,48444,48445,39684],{},[15,48440,47846],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48443,2668],{}," first, then use ",[15,48446,2661],{},[792,48448,1650,48450,1654],{"id":48449},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48451,48452],{},"int(True)",[20,48454,1657,48455,28074,48457,41908,48459,289],{},[15,48456,658],{},[15,48458,3460],{},[15,48460,192],{},[792,48462,48464],{"id":48463},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48466,48467],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[129,48469,1687],{"id":1686},[134,48471,48472,48478,48484,48490,48495,48499,48505],{},[137,48473,48474],{},[282,48475,48476,288],{"href":2665},[15,48477,2668],{},[137,48479,48480],{},[282,48481,48482,288],{"href":41928},[15,48483,47435],{},[137,48485,48486],{},[282,48487,48488,288],{"href":5559},[15,48489,3600],{},[137,48491,48492],{},[282,48493,48494],{"href":2747},"How to convert string to int in Python",[137,48496,48497],{},[282,48498,8829],{"href":8751},[137,48500,48501],{},[282,48502,48503,288],{"href":7991},[15,48504,2743],{},[137,48506,48507],{},[282,48508,30107,48509],{"href":45669},[15,48510,45670],{},[1715,48512,48513],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":48515},[48516,48517,48519,48523,48528,48530,48532,48537,48541,48543,48552,48561],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":46381,"depth":76,"text":48518},"What int() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940,"children":48520},[48521,48522],{"id":46572,"depth":98,"text":46575},{"id":46672,"depth":98,"text":46675},{"id":46808,"depth":76,"text":48524,"children":48525},"Using int() with strings",[48526,48527],{"id":46930,"depth":98,"text":46931},{"id":47017,"depth":98,"text":47018},{"id":47292,"depth":76,"text":48529},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47438,"depth":76,"text":48531},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47558,"depth":76,"text":47559,"children":48533},[48534,48535,48536],{"id":47569,"depth":98,"text":47570},{"id":47638,"depth":98,"text":47639},{"id":47679,"depth":98,"text":47680},{"id":47737,"depth":76,"text":47738,"children":48538},[48539,48540],{"id":41266,"depth":98,"text":40459},{"id":41332,"depth":98,"text":2790},{"id":48081,"depth":76,"text":48542},"When to use int()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":48544},[48545,48546,48547,48549,48550],{"id":48185,"depth":98,"text":48186},{"id":48237,"depth":98,"text":48238},{"id":48255,"depth":98,"text":48548},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48328,"depth":98,"text":48329},{"id":48371,"depth":98,"text":48551},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":48553},[48554,48556,48558,48560],{"id":48421,"depth":98,"text":48555},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48432,"depth":98,"text":48557},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48449,"depth":98,"text":48559},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48463,"depth":98,"text":48464},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41849,"description":48562},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48569,"title":48570,"body":48571,"description":50407,"extension":1746,"meta":50408,"navigation":360,"path":44555,"seo":50409,"stem":50410,"__hash__":50411},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48572,"toc":50363},[48573,48578,48583,48591,48600,48602,48661,48667,48672,48677,48680,48708,48711,48714,48725,48735,48737,48739,48759,48763,48791,48793,48832,48834,48842,48844,48847,48851,48904,48906,48918,48922,48979,48981,48993,48999,49005,49009,49012,49015,49081,49083,49095,49101,49103,49155,49158,49199,49202,49209,49218,49224,49227,49260,49266,49269,49300,49306,49309,49321,49325,49330,49334,49492,49494,49509,49512,49516,49620,49622,49639,49643,49704,49706,49714,49717,49721,49788,49790,49799,49805,49807,49816,49818,49853,49858,49860,49890,49894,49896,49933,49936,49938,49975,49981,49983,50033,50035,50043,50053,50059,50063,50068,50117,50119,50132,50135,50137,50140,50215,50218,50237,50240,50270,50280,50282,50287,50294,50300,50306,50313,50321,50327,50330,50332,50360],[10,48574,285,48576,3366],{"id":48575},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48577,44558],{},[20,48579,48580,48582],{},[15,48581,44558],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48584,48585,48586,2662,48588,48590],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48587,3391],{},[15,48589,3460],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48592,48593,48594,48596,48597,48599],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48595,44558],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48598,2086],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[129,48601,3396],{"id":3395},[31,48603,48605],{"className":33,"code":48604,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48606,48607,48615,48619,48640],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48608,48609,48611,48613],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48610,2230],{"class":46},[40,48612,51],{"class":50},[40,48614,2369],{"class":58},[40,48616,48617],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,48618,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,48620,48621,48623,48625,48628,48630,48632,48634,48636,48638],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,48622,101],{"class":84},[40,48624,88],{"class":54},[40,48626,48627],{"class":84},"isinstance",[40,48629,88],{"class":54},[40,48631,2255],{"class":91},[40,48633,62],{"class":54},[40,48635,45029],{"class":609},[40,48637,5140],{"class":54},[40,48639,43607],{"class":3449},[40,48641,48642,48644,48646,48648,48650,48652,48654,48657,48659],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,48643,101],{"class":84},[40,48645,88],{"class":54},[40,48647,48627],{"class":84},[40,48649,88],{"class":54},[40,48651,2255],{"class":91},[40,48653,62],{"class":54},[40,48655,48656],{"class":609}," str",[40,48658,5140],{"class":54},[40,48660,43624],{"class":3449},[20,48662,123,48663,48666],{},[15,48664,48665],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[129,48668,158,48670,3466],{"id":48669},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48671,44558],{},[20,48673,48674,48676],{},[15,48675,44558],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48678,48679],{},"It:",[134,48681,48682,48685,48691,48694],{},[137,48683,48684],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[137,48686,11193,48687,2662,48689],{},[15,48688,3391],{},[15,48690,3460],{},[137,48692,48693],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[137,48695,48696,48697,1973,48699,1973,48701,1973,48703,16837,48706],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48698,3231],{},[15,48700,1972],{},[15,48702,610],{},[15,48704,48705],{},"tuple",[15,48707,8592],{},[20,48709,48710],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48712,48713],{},"For example, you might want to:",[134,48715,48716,48719,48722],{},[137,48717,48718],{},"loop through a list",[137,48720,48721],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[137,48723,48724],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48726,48727,48728,2662,48731,289],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[282,48729,44550],{"href":48730},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[282,48732,48734],{"href":48733},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[129,48736,1940],{"id":1939},[20,48738,1943],{},[31,48740,48742],{"className":33,"code":48741,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48743,48744],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48745,48746,48748,48750,48752,48754,48757],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48747,48627],{"class":84},[40,48749,88],{"class":54},[40,48751,42150],{"class":609},[40,48753,62],{"class":54},[40,48755,48756],{"class":91}," classinfo",[40,48758,95],{"class":54},[792,48760,48762],{"id":48761},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[134,48764,48765,48770,48784],{},[137,48766,48767,48769],{},[15,48768,42150],{}," is the value you want to test",[137,48771,48772,48775,48776,1973,48778,1973,48780,1977,48782],{},[15,48773,48774],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48777,1972],{},[15,48779,3231],{},[15,48781,610],{},[15,48783,8592],{},[137,48785,48786,48787,2662,48789],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48788,3391],{},[15,48790,3460],{},[20,48792,195],{},[31,48794,48796],{"className":33,"code":48795,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48797,48798,48810,48814],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48799,48800,48802,48804,48806,48808],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48801,7651],{"class":46},[40,48803,51],{"class":50},[40,48805,224],{"class":212},[40,48807,11279],{"class":216},[40,48809,3146],{"class":212},[40,48811,48812],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,48813,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,48815,48816,48818,48820,48822,48824,48826,48828,48830],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,48817,101],{"class":84},[40,48819,88],{"class":54},[40,48821,48627],{"class":84},[40,48823,88],{"class":54},[40,48825,7446],{"class":91},[40,48827,62],{"class":54},[40,48829,48656],{"class":609},[40,48831,256],{"class":54},[20,48833,111],{},[31,48835,48836],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,48837,48838],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48839,48840],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48841,1495],{"class":1494},[129,48843,11245],{"id":11244},[20,48845,48846],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[792,48848,48850],{"id":48849},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[31,48852,48854],{"className":33,"code":48853,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48855,48856,48864,48868,48886],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48857,48858,48860,48862],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48859,2230],{"class":46},[40,48861,51],{"class":50},[40,48863,44978],{"class":58},[40,48865,48866],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,48867,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,48869,48870,48872,48874,48876,48878,48880,48882,48884],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,48871,101],{"class":84},[40,48873,88],{"class":54},[40,48875,48627],{"class":84},[40,48877,88],{"class":54},[40,48879,2255],{"class":91},[40,48881,62],{"class":54},[40,48883,45029],{"class":609},[40,48885,256],{"class":54},[40,48887,48888,48890,48892,48894,48896,48898,48900,48902],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,48889,101],{"class":84},[40,48891,88],{"class":54},[40,48893,48627],{"class":84},[40,48895,88],{"class":54},[40,48897,2255],{"class":91},[40,48899,62],{"class":54},[40,48901,48656],{"class":609},[40,48903,256],{"class":54},[20,48905,111],{},[31,48907,48908],{"className":33,"code":43926,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,48909,48910,48914],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48911,48912],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48913,1495],{"class":1494},[40,48915,48916],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,48917,3824],{"class":1494},[792,48919,48921],{"id":48920},"check-text","Check text",[31,48923,48925],{"className":33,"code":48924,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48926,48927,48939,48943,48961],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48928,48929,48931,48933,48935,48937],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48930,34450],{"class":46},[40,48932,51],{"class":50},[40,48934,224],{"class":212},[40,48936,3632],{"class":216},[40,48938,3146],{"class":212},[40,48940,48941],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,48942,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,48944,48945,48947,48949,48951,48953,48955,48957,48959],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,48946,101],{"class":84},[40,48948,88],{"class":54},[40,48950,48627],{"class":84},[40,48952,88],{"class":54},[40,48954,34471],{"class":91},[40,48956,62],{"class":54},[40,48958,48656],{"class":609},[40,48960,256],{"class":54},[40,48962,48963,48965,48967,48969,48971,48973,48975,48977],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,48964,101],{"class":84},[40,48966,88],{"class":54},[40,48968,48627],{"class":84},[40,48970,88],{"class":54},[40,48972,34471],{"class":91},[40,48974,62],{"class":54},[40,48976,45029],{"class":609},[40,48978,256],{"class":54},[20,48980,111],{},[31,48982,48983],{"className":33,"code":43926,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,48984,48985,48989],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,48986,48987],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,48988,1495],{"class":1494},[40,48990,48991],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,48992,3824],{"class":1494},[20,48994,48995,48996,48998],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48997,44558],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49000,49001,49002,289],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[282,49003,49004],{"href":2747},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[129,49006,49008],{"id":49007},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49010,49011],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49013,49014],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[31,49016,49018],{"className":33,"code":49017,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49019,49020,49029,49033,49057],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49021,49022,49024,49026],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49023,2230],{"class":46},[40,49025,51],{"class":50},[40,49027,49028],{"class":58}," 3.5\n",[40,49030,49031],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,49032,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,49034,49035,49037,49039,49041,49043,49045,49047,49049,49051,49053,49055],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,49036,101],{"class":84},[40,49038,88],{"class":54},[40,49040,48627],{"class":84},[40,49042,88],{"class":54},[40,49044,2255],{"class":91},[40,49046,62],{"class":54},[40,49048,9006],{"class":54},[40,49050,1972],{"class":609},[40,49052,62],{"class":54},[40,49054,40010],{"class":609},[40,49056,2697],{"class":54},[40,49058,49059,49061,49063,49065,49067,49069,49071,49073,49075,49077,49079],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,49060,101],{"class":84},[40,49062,88],{"class":54},[40,49064,48627],{"class":84},[40,49066,88],{"class":54},[40,49068,2255],{"class":91},[40,49070,62],{"class":54},[40,49072,9006],{"class":54},[40,49074,3231],{"class":609},[40,49076,62],{"class":54},[40,49078,22321],{"class":609},[40,49080,2697],{"class":54},[20,49082,111],{},[31,49084,49085],{"className":33,"code":43926,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,49086,49087,49091],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49088,49089],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49090,1495],{"class":1494},[40,49092,49093],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,49094,3824],{"class":1494},[20,49096,49097,49098,49100],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49099,40592],{}," conditions.",[20,49102,8069],{},[31,49104,49106],{"className":33,"code":49105,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49107,49108,49116,49120],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49109,49110,49112,49114],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49111,2230],{"class":46},[40,49113,51],{"class":50},[40,49115,49028],{"class":58},[40,49117,49118],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,49119,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,49121,49122,49124,49126,49128,49130,49132,49134,49136,49138,49140,49143,49145,49147,49149,49151,49153],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,49123,101],{"class":84},[40,49125,88],{"class":54},[40,49127,1297],{"class":609},[40,49129,88],{"class":54},[40,49131,2255],{"class":91},[40,49133,18],{"class":54},[40,49135,6185],{"class":50},[40,49137,45029],{"class":609},[40,49139,47987],{"class":535},[40,49141,49142],{"class":609}," type",[40,49144,88],{"class":54},[40,49146,2255],{"class":91},[40,49148,18],{"class":54},[40,49150,6185],{"class":50},[40,49152,40010],{"class":609},[40,49154,95],{"class":54},[20,49156,49157],{},"you can write this:",[31,49159,49161],{"className":33,"code":49160,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49162,49163,49171,49175],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49164,49165,49167,49169],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49166,2230],{"class":46},[40,49168,51],{"class":50},[40,49170,49028],{"class":58},[40,49172,49173],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,49174,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,49176,49177,49179,49181,49183,49185,49187,49189,49191,49193,49195,49197],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,49178,101],{"class":84},[40,49180,88],{"class":54},[40,49182,48627],{"class":84},[40,49184,88],{"class":54},[40,49186,2255],{"class":91},[40,49188,62],{"class":54},[40,49190,9006],{"class":54},[40,49192,1972],{"class":609},[40,49194,62],{"class":54},[40,49196,40010],{"class":609},[40,49198,2697],{"class":54},[20,49200,49201],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[129,49203,49205,10355,49207],{"id":49204},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49206,44558],{},[15,49208,2086],{},[20,49210,10360,49211,4176,49213,49217],{},[15,49212,44558],{},[282,49214,49215],{"href":2083},[15,49216,2086],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[792,49219,49221],{"id":49220},"typevalue-int",[15,49222,49223],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49225,49226],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[31,49228,49230],{"className":33,"code":49229,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49231,49232,49240],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49233,49234,49236,49238],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49235,2230],{"class":46},[40,49237,51],{"class":50},[40,49239,2369],{"class":58},[40,49241,49242,49244,49246,49248,49250,49252,49254,49256,49258],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,49243,101],{"class":84},[40,49245,88],{"class":54},[40,49247,1297],{"class":609},[40,49249,88],{"class":54},[40,49251,2255],{"class":91},[40,49253,18],{"class":54},[40,49255,6185],{"class":50},[40,49257,45029],{"class":609},[40,49259,95],{"class":54},[792,49261,49263],{"id":49262},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49264,49265],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49267,49268],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[31,49270,49272],{"className":33,"code":49271,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49273,49274,49282],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49275,49276,49278,49280],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49277,2230],{"class":46},[40,49279,51],{"class":50},[40,49281,2369],{"class":58},[40,49283,49284,49286,49288,49290,49292,49294,49296,49298],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,49285,101],{"class":84},[40,49287,88],{"class":54},[40,49289,48627],{"class":84},[40,49291,88],{"class":54},[40,49293,2255],{"class":91},[40,49295,62],{"class":54},[40,49297,45029],{"class":609},[40,49299,256],{"class":54},[20,49301,49302,49303,49305],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49304,44558],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49307,49308],{},"In everyday code:",[134,49310,49311,49316],{},[137,49312,39745,49313,49315],{},[15,49314,2086],{}," when you need the exact type",[137,49317,39745,49318,49320],{},[15,49319,44558],{}," when you want a practical type check",[129,49322,49324],{"id":49323},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49326,49327,49328,289],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49329,44558],{},[792,49331,49333],{"id":49332},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[31,49335,49337],{"className":33,"code":49336,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49338,49339,49357,49376,49388,49393,49411,49422,49426,49438,49442,49466],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49340,49341,49343,49346,49348,49350,49352,49355],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49342,34614],{"class":1848},[40,49344,49345],{"class":34617}," repeat_text",[40,49347,88],{"class":54},[40,49349,34471],{"class":37418},[40,49351,62],{"class":54},[40,49353,49354],{"class":37418}," count",[40,49356,8112],{"class":54},[40,49358,49359,49361,49363,49366,49368,49370,49372,49374],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,49360,6175],{"class":535},[40,49362,7872],{"class":50},[40,49364,49365],{"class":84}," isinstance",[40,49367,88],{"class":54},[40,49369,34471],{"class":91},[40,49371,62],{"class":54},[40,49373,48656],{"class":609},[40,49375,8112],{"class":54},[40,49377,49378,49381,49383,49386],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,49379,49380],{"class":535},"        return",[40,49382,224],{"class":212},[40,49384,49385],{"class":216},"text must be a string",[40,49387,3146],{"class":212},[40,49389,49390],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,49391,49392],{"class":46},"    \n",[40,49394,49395,49397,49399,49401,49403,49405,49407,49409],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,49396,6175],{"class":535},[40,49398,7872],{"class":50},[40,49400,49365],{"class":84},[40,49402,88],{"class":54},[40,49404,106],{"class":91},[40,49406,62],{"class":54},[40,49408,45029],{"class":609},[40,49410,8112],{"class":54},[40,49412,49413,49415,49417,49420],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,49414,49380],{"class":535},[40,49416,224],{"class":212},[40,49418,49419],{"class":216},"count must be an integer",[40,49421,3146],{"class":212},[40,49423,49424],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,49425,49392],{"class":46},[40,49427,49428,49430,49433,49435],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,49429,34625],{"class":535},[40,49431,49432],{"class":46}," text ",[40,49434,39627],{"class":50},[40,49436,49437],{"class":46}," count\n",[40,49439,49440],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,49441,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,49443,49444,49446,49448,49451,49453,49455,49458,49460,49462,49464],{"class":42,"line":6214},[40,49445,101],{"class":84},[40,49447,88],{"class":54},[40,49449,49450],{"class":91},"repeat_text",[40,49452,88],{"class":54},[40,49454,213],{"class":212},[40,49456,49457],{"class":216},"Hi ",[40,49459,213],{"class":212},[40,49461,62],{"class":54},[40,49463,749],{"class":58},[40,49465,256],{"class":54},[40,49467,49468,49470,49472,49474,49476,49478,49480,49482,49484,49486,49488,49490],{"class":42,"line":11365},[40,49469,101],{"class":84},[40,49471,88],{"class":54},[40,49473,49450],{"class":91},[40,49475,88],{"class":54},[40,49477,213],{"class":212},[40,49479,49457],{"class":216},[40,49481,213],{"class":212},[40,49483,62],{"class":54},[40,49485,224],{"class":212},[40,49487,401],{"class":216},[40,49489,213],{"class":212},[40,49491,256],{"class":54},[20,49493,111],{},[31,49495,49497],{"className":33,"code":49496,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49498,49499,49504],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49500,49501],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49502,49503],{"class":46},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[40,49505,49506],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,49507,49508],{"class":46},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49510,49511],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[792,49513,49515],{"id":49514},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[31,49517,49519],{"className":33,"code":49518,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49520,49521,49553,49557,49573,49588,49605],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49522,49523,49525,49527,49529,49531,49533,49535,49537,49539,49541,49543,49545,49547,49549,49551],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49524,2230],{"class":46},[40,49526,51],{"class":50},[40,49528,55],{"class":54},[40,49530,213],{"class":212},[40,49532,282],{"class":216},[40,49534,213],{"class":212},[40,49536,62],{"class":54},[40,49538,224],{"class":212},[40,49540,1017],{"class":216},[40,49542,213],{"class":212},[40,49544,62],{"class":54},[40,49546,224],{"class":212},[40,49548,1026],{"class":216},[40,49550,213],{"class":212},[40,49552,73],{"class":54},[40,49554,49555],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,49556,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,49558,49559,49561,49563,49565,49567,49569,49571],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,49560,536],{"class":535},[40,49562,49365],{"class":84},[40,49564,88],{"class":54},[40,49566,2255],{"class":91},[40,49568,62],{"class":54},[40,49570,48656],{"class":609},[40,49572,8112],{"class":54},[40,49574,49575,49577,49579,49581,49584,49586],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,49576,558],{"class":84},[40,49578,88],{"class":54},[40,49580,213],{"class":212},[40,49582,49583],{"class":216},"This is text",[40,49585,213],{"class":212},[40,49587,95],{"class":54},[40,49589,49590,49593,49595,49597,49599,49601,49603],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,49591,49592],{"class":535},"elif",[40,49594,49365],{"class":84},[40,49596,88],{"class":54},[40,49598,2255],{"class":91},[40,49600,62],{"class":54},[40,49602,22321],{"class":609},[40,49604,8112],{"class":54},[40,49606,49607,49609,49611,49613,49616,49618],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,49608,558],{"class":84},[40,49610,88],{"class":54},[40,49612,213],{"class":212},[40,49614,49615],{"class":216},"This is a list",[40,49617,213],{"class":212},[40,49619,95],{"class":54},[20,49621,111],{},[31,49623,49625],{"className":33,"code":49624,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"This is a list\n",[15,49626,49627],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49628,49629,49632,49634,49636],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49630,49631],{"class":46},"This ",[40,49633,11963],{"class":50},[40,49635,44297],{"class":46},[40,49637,49638],{"class":609},"list\n",[792,49640,49642],{"id":49641},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[31,49644,49646],{"className":33,"code":49645,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49647,49648,49660,49664,49680,49694],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49649,49650,49652,49654,49656,49658],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49651,2230],{"class":46},[40,49653,51],{"class":50},[40,49655,224],{"class":212},[40,49657,46279],{"class":216},[40,49659,3146],{"class":212},[40,49661,49662],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,49663,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,49665,49666,49668,49670,49672,49674,49676,49678],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,49667,536],{"class":535},[40,49669,49365],{"class":84},[40,49671,88],{"class":54},[40,49673,2255],{"class":91},[40,49675,62],{"class":54},[40,49677,48656],{"class":609},[40,49679,8112],{"class":54},[40,49681,49682,49684,49686,49688,49690,49692],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,49683,41643],{"class":46},[40,49685,51],{"class":50},[40,49687,45029],{"class":609},[40,49689,88],{"class":54},[40,49691,2255],{"class":91},[40,49693,95],{"class":54},[40,49695,49696,49698,49700,49702],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,49697,558],{"class":84},[40,49699,88],{"class":54},[40,49701,2023],{"class":91},[40,49703,95],{"class":54},[20,49705,111],{},[31,49707,49708],{"className":33,"code":46365,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,49709,49710],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49711,49712],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49713,46365],{"class":58},[20,49715,49716],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[792,49718,49720],{"id":49719},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[31,49722,49724],{"className":33,"code":49723,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49725,49726,49750,49754,49770],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49727,49728,49730,49732,49734,49736,49738,49740,49742,49744,49746,49748],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49729,2230],{"class":46},[40,49731,51],{"class":50},[40,49733,10260],{"class":54},[40,49735,213],{"class":212},[40,49737,7446],{"class":216},[40,49739,213],{"class":212},[40,49741,2669],{"class":54},[40,49743,224],{"class":212},[40,49745,1517],{"class":216},[40,49747,213],{"class":212},[40,49749,9079],{"class":54},[40,49751,49752],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,49753,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,49755,49756,49758,49760,49762,49764,49766,49768],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,49757,536],{"class":535},[40,49759,49365],{"class":84},[40,49761,88],{"class":54},[40,49763,2255],{"class":91},[40,49765,62],{"class":54},[40,49767,8941],{"class":609},[40,49769,8112],{"class":54},[40,49771,49772,49774,49776,49778,49780,49782,49784,49786],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,49773,558],{"class":84},[40,49775,88],{"class":54},[40,49777,2255],{"class":91},[40,49779,565],{"class":54},[40,49781,213],{"class":212},[40,49783,7446],{"class":216},[40,49785,213],{"class":212},[40,49787,570],{"class":54},[20,49789,111],{},[31,49791,49793],{"className":33,"code":49792,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Ana\n",[15,49794,49795],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49796,49797],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49798,49792],{"class":46},[20,49800,49801,49802,49804],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49803,2790],{}," messages later.",[129,49806,790],{"id":789},[792,49808,49810,49811,799,49814],{"id":49809},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49812,49813],{},"\"int\"",[15,49815,1972],{},[20,49817,807],{},[31,49819,49821],{"className":33,"code":49820,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49822,49823,49831],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49824,49825,49827,49829],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49826,2230],{"class":46},[40,49828,51],{"class":50},[40,49830,2369],{"class":58},[40,49832,49833,49835,49837,49839,49841,49843,49845,49847,49849,49851],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,49834,101],{"class":84},[40,49836,88],{"class":54},[40,49838,48627],{"class":84},[40,49840,88],{"class":54},[40,49842,2255],{"class":91},[40,49844,62],{"class":54},[40,49846,224],{"class":212},[40,49848,1972],{"class":216},[40,49850,213],{"class":212},[40,49852,256],{"class":54},[20,49854,49855,49857],{},[15,49856,49813],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49859,850],{},[31,49861,49862],{"className":33,"code":49271,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,49863,49864,49872],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49865,49866,49868,49870],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49867,2230],{"class":46},[40,49869,51],{"class":50},[40,49871,2369],{"class":58},[40,49873,49874,49876,49878,49880,49882,49884,49886,49888],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,49875,101],{"class":84},[40,49877,88],{"class":54},[40,49879,48627],{"class":84},[40,49881,88],{"class":54},[40,49883,2255],{"class":91},[40,49885,62],{"class":54},[40,49887,45029],{"class":609},[40,49889,256],{"class":54},[792,49891,49893],{"id":49892},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49895,807],{},[31,49897,49899],{"className":33,"code":49898,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49900,49901,49909],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49902,49903,49905,49907],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49904,2230],{"class":46},[40,49906,51],{"class":50},[40,49908,34605],{"class":58},[40,49910,49911,49913,49915,49917,49919,49921,49923,49925,49927,49929,49931],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,49912,101],{"class":84},[40,49914,88],{"class":54},[40,49916,48627],{"class":84},[40,49918,88],{"class":54},[40,49920,2255],{"class":91},[40,49922,62],{"class":54},[40,49924,55],{"class":54},[40,49926,1972],{"class":609},[40,49928,62],{"class":54},[40,49930,40010],{"class":609},[40,49932,2784],{"class":54},[20,49934,49935],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49937,850],{},[31,49939,49941],{"className":33,"code":49940,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49942,49943,49951],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49944,49945,49947,49949],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49946,2230],{"class":46},[40,49948,51],{"class":50},[40,49950,34605],{"class":58},[40,49952,49953,49955,49957,49959,49961,49963,49965,49967,49969,49971,49973],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,49954,101],{"class":84},[40,49956,88],{"class":54},[40,49958,48627],{"class":84},[40,49960,88],{"class":54},[40,49962,2255],{"class":91},[40,49964,62],{"class":54},[40,49966,9006],{"class":54},[40,49968,1972],{"class":609},[40,49970,62],{"class":54},[40,49972,40010],{"class":609},[40,49974,2697],{"class":54},[792,49976,25535,49978,49980],{"id":49977},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49979,44558],{}," converts a value",[20,49982,18675],{},[31,49984,49986],{"className":33,"code":49985,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49987,49988,50001,50019,50023],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,49989,49990,49992,49994,49996,49999],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,49991,2230],{"class":46},[40,49993,51],{"class":50},[40,49995,224],{"class":212},[40,49997,49998],{"class":216},"123",[40,50000,3146],{"class":212},[40,50002,50003,50005,50007,50009,50011,50013,50015,50017],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,50004,2013],{"class":46},[40,50006,51],{"class":50},[40,50008,49365],{"class":84},[40,50010,88],{"class":54},[40,50012,2255],{"class":91},[40,50014,62],{"class":54},[40,50016,45029],{"class":609},[40,50018,95],{"class":54},[40,50020,50021],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,50022,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,50024,50025,50027,50029,50031],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,50026,101],{"class":84},[40,50028,88],{"class":54},[40,50030,2048],{"class":91},[40,50032,95],{"class":54},[20,50034,111],{},[31,50036,50037],{"className":33,"code":3824,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,50038,50039],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50040,50041],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50042,3824],{"class":1494},[20,50044,50045,50046,50049,50050,50052],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50047,50048],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50051,49998],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50054,50055,50056,6409],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50057,50058],{},"int(value)",[792,50060,50062],{"id":50061},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50064,50065,50067],{},[15,50066,44558],{}," does not modify anything.",[31,50069,50071],{"className":33,"code":50070,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50072,50073,50085,50089,50107],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50074,50075,50077,50079,50081,50083],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50076,2230],{"class":46},[40,50078,51],{"class":50},[40,50080,224],{"class":212},[40,50082,13325],{"class":216},[40,50084,3146],{"class":212},[40,50086,50087],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,50088,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,50090,50091,50093,50095,50097,50099,50101,50103,50105],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,50092,101],{"class":84},[40,50094,88],{"class":54},[40,50096,48627],{"class":84},[40,50098,88],{"class":54},[40,50100,2255],{"class":91},[40,50102,62],{"class":54},[40,50104,48656],{"class":609},[40,50106,256],{"class":54},[40,50108,50109,50111,50113,50115],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,50110,101],{"class":84},[40,50112,88],{"class":54},[40,50114,2255],{"class":91},[40,50116,95],{"class":54},[20,50118,111],{},[31,50120,50122],{"className":33,"code":50121,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\n100\n",[15,50123,50124,50128],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50125,50126],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50127,1495],{"class":1494},[40,50129,50130],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,50131,47014],{"class":58},[20,50133,50134],{},"The value stays the same.",[129,50136,25703],{"id":25702},[20,50138,50139],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[31,50141,50143],{"className":33,"code":50142,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50144,50145,50159,50177,50201],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50146,50147,50149,50151,50153,50155,50157],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50148,101],{"class":84},[40,50150,88],{"class":54},[40,50152,1297],{"class":609},[40,50154,88],{"class":54},[40,50156,2255],{"class":91},[40,50158,256],{"class":54},[40,50160,50161,50163,50165,50167,50169,50171,50173,50175],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,50162,101],{"class":84},[40,50164,88],{"class":54},[40,50166,48627],{"class":84},[40,50168,88],{"class":54},[40,50170,2255],{"class":91},[40,50172,62],{"class":54},[40,50174,45029],{"class":609},[40,50176,256],{"class":54},[40,50178,50179,50181,50183,50185,50187,50189,50191,50193,50195,50197,50199],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,50180,101],{"class":84},[40,50182,88],{"class":54},[40,50184,48627],{"class":84},[40,50186,88],{"class":54},[40,50188,2255],{"class":91},[40,50190,62],{"class":54},[40,50192,9006],{"class":54},[40,50194,1972],{"class":609},[40,50196,62],{"class":54},[40,50198,40010],{"class":609},[40,50200,2697],{"class":54},[40,50202,50203,50205,50207,50209,50211,50213],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,50204,101],{"class":84},[40,50206,88],{"class":54},[40,50208,41532],{"class":84},[40,50210,88],{"class":54},[40,50212,2255],{"class":91},[40,50214,256],{"class":54},[20,50216,50217],{},"These can help when:",[134,50219,50220,50223,50228,50231],{},[137,50221,50222],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[137,50224,50225,50226],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50227,2790],{},[137,50229,50230],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[137,50232,50233,50234,50236],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50235,44558],{}," is invalid",[20,50238,50239],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[134,50241,50242,50256,50262,50267],{},[137,50243,50244,50245,2662,50248,50251,50252,2662,50254],{},"using ",[15,50246,50247],{},"'int'",[15,50249,50250],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50253,1972],{},[15,50255,3231],{},[137,50257,50258,50259,50261],{},"expecting ",[15,50260,44558],{}," to convert a value",[137,50263,50244,50264,50266],{},[15,50265,2086],{}," when inherited types should also match",[137,50268,50269],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50271,50272,50273,289],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[282,50274,50276,50277],{"href":50275},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50278,50279],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[129,50281,1636],{"id":1635},[792,50283,1650,50285,4923],{"id":50284},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50286,44558],{},[20,50288,1657,50289,50291,50292,289],{},[15,50290,3391],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50293,3460],{},[792,50295,4947,50297,50299],{"id":50296},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50298,44558],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50301,50302,50303,289],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50304,50305],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[792,50307,4957,50309,4176,50311,2275],{"id":50308},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50310,44558],{},[15,50312,2086],{},[20,50314,50315,50317,50318,50320],{},[15,50316,2086],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50319,44558],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[792,50322,12474,50324,50326],{"id":50323},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50325,44558],{}," convert a value?",[20,50328,50329],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[129,50331,1687],{"id":1686},[134,50333,50334,50340,50344,50349,50354],{},[137,50335,50336],{},[282,50337,285,50338,288],{"href":2083},[15,50339,2086],{},[137,50341,50342],{},[282,50343,44550],{"href":48730},[137,50345,50346],{},[282,50347,50348],{"href":2747},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[137,50350,50351],{},[282,50352,50353],{"href":48733},"What is a data type in Python?",[137,50355,50356],{},[282,50357,50276,50358],{"href":50275},[15,50359,50279],{},[1715,50361,50362],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":50364},[50365,50366,50368,50371,50375,50376,50381,50387,50395,50396,50406],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":48669,"depth":76,"text":50367},"What isinstance() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940,"children":50369},[50370],{"id":48761,"depth":98,"text":48762},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245,"children":50372},[50373,50374],{"id":48849,"depth":98,"text":48850},{"id":48920,"depth":98,"text":48921},{"id":49007,"depth":76,"text":49008},{"id":49204,"depth":76,"text":50377,"children":50378},"isinstance() vs type()",[50379,50380],{"id":49220,"depth":98,"text":49223},{"id":49262,"depth":98,"text":49265},{"id":49323,"depth":76,"text":49324,"children":50382},[50383,50384,50385,50386],{"id":49332,"depth":98,"text":49333},{"id":49514,"depth":98,"text":49515},{"id":49641,"depth":98,"text":49642},{"id":49719,"depth":98,"text":49720},{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":50388},[50389,50391,50392,50394],{"id":49809,"depth":98,"text":50390},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49892,"depth":98,"text":49893},{"id":49977,"depth":98,"text":50393},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50061,"depth":98,"text":50062},{"id":25702,"depth":76,"text":25703},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":50397},[50398,50400,50402,50404],{"id":50284,"depth":98,"text":50399},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50296,"depth":98,"text":50401},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50308,"depth":98,"text":50403},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50323,"depth":98,"text":50405},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48570,"description":50407},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50413,"title":50414,"body":50415,"description":52381,"extension":1746,"meta":52382,"navigation":360,"path":52383,"seo":52384,"stem":52385,"__hash__":52386},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50416,"toc":52356},[50417,50420,50425,50430,50444,50447,50449,50524,50529,50533,50538,50541,50555,50557,50723,50735,50737,50739,50754,50757,50760,50773,50775,50873,50877,50883,50886,50895,50897,50932,50937,50958,50963,50968,51000,51003,51060,51064,51070,51073,51126,51128,51168,51171,51239,51242,51293,51298,51302,51308,51393,51399,51405,51454,51457,51460,51510,51512,51517,51520,51569,51573,51620,51624,51701,51705,51770,51773,51777,51782,51787,51799,51801,51820,51826,51828,51847,51852,51879,51886,51890,51896,51899,51994,51997,52000,52049,52054,52056,52060,52095,52098,52155,52165,52168,52202,52205,52207,52211,52214,52218,52221,52225,52228,52232,52245,52249,52254,52256,52306,52318,52320,52353],[10,50418,50414],{"id":50419},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50421,8894,50422,50424],{},[15,50423,25],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50426,35169,50427,50429],{},[15,50428,25],{}," to count:",[134,50431,50432,50435,50438,50441],{},[137,50433,50434],{},"characters in a string",[137,50436,50437],{},"items in a list or tuple",[137,50439,50440],{},"keys in a dictionary",[137,50442,50443],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50445,50446],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[129,50448,1787],{"id":1786},[31,50450,50452],{"className":33,"code":50451,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50453,50454,50466,50486,50490,50507],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50455,50456,50458,50460,50462,50464],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50457,34450],{"class":46},[40,50459,51],{"class":50},[40,50461,224],{"class":212},[40,50463,3632],{"class":216},[40,50465,3146],{"class":212},[40,50467,50468,50470,50472,50474,50476,50478,50480,50482,50484],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,50469,479],{"class":46},[40,50471,51],{"class":50},[40,50473,55],{"class":54},[40,50475,59],{"class":58},[40,50477,62],{"class":54},[40,50479,65],{"class":58},[40,50481,62],{"class":54},[40,50483,70],{"class":58},[40,50485,73],{"class":54},[40,50487,50488],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,50489,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,50491,50492,50494,50496,50498,50500,50502,50504],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,50493,101],{"class":84},[40,50495,88],{"class":54},[40,50497,17],{"class":84},[40,50499,88],{"class":54},[40,50501,34471],{"class":91},[40,50503,5140],{"class":54},[40,50505,50506],{"class":3449},"   # 5\n",[40,50508,50509,50511,50513,50515,50517,50519,50521],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,50510,101],{"class":84},[40,50512,88],{"class":54},[40,50514,17],{"class":84},[40,50516,88],{"class":54},[40,50518,497],{"class":91},[40,50520,5140],{"class":54},[40,50522,50523],{"class":3449},"  # 3\n",[20,50525,123,50526,50528],{},[15,50527,25],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[129,50530,50532],{"id":50531},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50534,50535,50537],{},[15,50536,25],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50539,50540],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[134,50542,50543,50546,50549,50552],{},[137,50544,50545],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[137,50547,50548],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[137,50550,50551],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[137,50553,50554],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50556,195],{},[31,50558,50560],{"className":33,"code":50559,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50561,50562,50574,50599,50631,50651,50655,50672,50689,50706],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50563,50564,50566,50568,50570,50572],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50565,7651],{"class":46},[40,50567,51],{"class":50},[40,50569,224],{"class":212},[40,50571,7455],{"class":216},[40,50573,3146],{"class":212},[40,50575,50576,50578,50580,50582,50584,50586,50588,50590,50592,50594,50597],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,50577,47],{"class":46},[40,50579,51],{"class":50},[40,50581,55],{"class":54},[40,50583,59],{"class":58},[40,50585,62],{"class":54},[40,50587,65],{"class":58},[40,50589,62],{"class":54},[40,50591,70],{"class":58},[40,50593,62],{"class":54},[40,50595,50596],{"class":58}," 40",[40,50598,73],{"class":54},[40,50600,50601,50603,50605,50607,50609,50611,50613,50615,50617,50619,50621,50623,50625,50627,50629],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,50602,650],{"class":46},[40,50604,51],{"class":50},[40,50606,10260],{"class":54},[40,50608,213],{"class":212},[40,50610,282],{"class":216},[40,50612,213],{"class":212},[40,50614,2669],{"class":54},[40,50616,1226],{"class":58},[40,50618,62],{"class":54},[40,50620,224],{"class":212},[40,50622,1017],{"class":216},[40,50624,213],{"class":212},[40,50626,2669],{"class":54},[40,50628,663],{"class":58},[40,50630,9079],{"class":54},[40,50632,50633,50635,50637,50639,50641,50643,50645,50647,50649],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,50634,3610],{"class":46},[40,50636,51],{"class":50},[40,50638,10260],{"class":54},[40,50640,682],{"class":58},[40,50642,62],{"class":54},[40,50644,687],{"class":58},[40,50646,62],{"class":54},[40,50648,5770],{"class":58},[40,50650,9079],{"class":54},[40,50652,50653],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,50654,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,50656,50657,50659,50661,50663,50665,50667,50669],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,50658,101],{"class":84},[40,50660,88],{"class":54},[40,50662,17],{"class":84},[40,50664,88],{"class":54},[40,50666,7446],{"class":91},[40,50668,5140],{"class":54},[40,50670,50671],{"class":3449},"     # 3\n",[40,50673,50674,50676,50678,50680,50682,50684,50686],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,50675,101],{"class":84},[40,50677,88],{"class":54},[40,50679,17],{"class":84},[40,50681,88],{"class":54},[40,50683,92],{"class":91},[40,50685,5140],{"class":54},[40,50687,50688],{"class":3449},"  # 4\n",[40,50690,50691,50693,50695,50697,50699,50701,50703],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,50692,101],{"class":84},[40,50694,88],{"class":54},[40,50696,17],{"class":84},[40,50698,88],{"class":54},[40,50700,703],{"class":91},[40,50702,5140],{"class":54},[40,50704,50705],{"class":3449},"     # 2\n",[40,50707,50708,50710,50712,50714,50716,50718,50720],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,50709,101],{"class":84},[40,50711,88],{"class":54},[40,50713,17],{"class":84},[40,50715,88],{"class":54},[40,50717,5137],{"class":91},[40,50719,5140],{"class":54},[40,50721,50722],{"class":3449},"   # 3\n",[20,50724,50725,50726,1973,50730,16837,50733,289],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[282,50727,50729],{"href":50728},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[282,50731,50732],{"href":622},"Python lists explained",[282,50734,8927],{"href":8926},[129,50736,1940],{"id":1939},[20,50738,1943],{},[31,50740,50742],{"className":33,"code":50741,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"len(object)\n",[15,50743,50744],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50745,50746,50748,50750,50752],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50747,17],{"class":84},[40,50749,88],{"class":54},[40,50751,42150],{"class":609},[40,50753,95],{"class":54},[20,50755,50756],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50758,50759],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[134,50761,50762,50764,50766,50768,50770],{},[137,50763,37663],{},[137,50765,37657],{},[137,50767,37660],{},[137,50769,37666],{},[137,50771,50772],{},"a dictionary",[20,50774,195],{},[31,50776,50778],{"className":33,"code":50777,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50779,50780,50801,50825,50847],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50781,50782,50784,50786,50788,50790,50792,50794,50796,50798],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50783,101],{"class":84},[40,50785,88],{"class":54},[40,50787,17],{"class":84},[40,50789,88],{"class":54},[40,50791,213],{"class":212},[40,50793,35],{"class":216},[40,50795,213],{"class":212},[40,50797,5140],{"class":54},[40,50799,50800],{"class":3449},"      # 6\n",[40,50802,50803,50805,50807,50809,50811,50813,50815,50817,50819,50821,50823],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,50804,101],{"class":84},[40,50806,88],{"class":54},[40,50808,17],{"class":84},[40,50810,2771],{"class":54},[40,50812,658],{"class":58},[40,50814,62],{"class":54},[40,50816,663],{"class":58},[40,50818,62],{"class":54},[40,50820,749],{"class":58},[40,50822,4517],{"class":54},[40,50824,50671],{"class":3449},[40,50826,50827,50829,50831,50833,50835,50837,50839,50841,50844],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,50828,101],{"class":84},[40,50830,88],{"class":54},[40,50832,17],{"class":84},[40,50834,5289],{"class":54},[40,50836,59],{"class":58},[40,50838,62],{"class":54},[40,50840,65],{"class":58},[40,50842,50843],{"class":54},")))",[40,50845,50846],{"class":3449},"      # 2\n",[40,50848,50849,50851,50853,50855,50857,50859,50861,50863,50865,50867,50870],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,50850,101],{"class":84},[40,50852,88],{"class":54},[40,50854,17],{"class":84},[40,50856,5308],{"class":54},[40,50858,213],{"class":212},[40,50860,1957],{"class":216},[40,50862,213],{"class":212},[40,50864,2669],{"class":54},[40,50866,1226],{"class":58},[40,50868,50869],{"class":54},"}))",[40,50871,50872],{"class":3449},"      # 1\n",[129,50874,50876],{"id":50875},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50878,50879,50880,50882],{},"When you use ",[15,50881,25],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50884,50885],{},"That includes:",[134,50887,50888,50890,50892],{},[137,50889,1043],{},[137,50891,10221],{},[137,50893,50894],{},"punctuation",[20,50896,195],{},[31,50898,50900],{"className":33,"code":50899,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50901,50902,50915],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50903,50904,50906,50908,50910,50913],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50905,34450],{"class":46},[40,50907,51],{"class":50},[40,50909,224],{"class":212},[40,50911,50912],{"class":216},"Hi there!",[40,50914,3146],{"class":212},[40,50916,50917,50919,50921,50923,50925,50927,50929],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,50918,101],{"class":84},[40,50920,88],{"class":54},[40,50922,17],{"class":84},[40,50924,88],{"class":54},[40,50926,34471],{"class":91},[40,50928,5140],{"class":54},[40,50930,50931],{"class":3449},"  # 9\n",[20,50933,50934,50935,2275],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50936,1926],{},[134,50938,50939,50945,50949,50952],{},[137,50940,50941,50944],{},[15,50942,50943],{},"H"," = 1",[137,50946,50947,50944],{},[15,50948,1578],{},[137,50950,50951],{},"space = 1",[137,50953,50954,50957],{},[15,50955,50956],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50959,50960,50961],{},"Total: ",[15,50962,1926],{},[20,50964,50965,50966,2669],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50967,192],{},[31,50969,50971],{"className":33,"code":50970,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50972,50973,50982],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,50974,50975,50978,50980],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,50976,50977],{"class":46},"empty_text ",[40,50979,51],{"class":50},[40,50981,7656],{"class":212},[40,50983,50984,50986,50988,50990,50992,50995,50997],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,50985,101],{"class":84},[40,50987,88],{"class":54},[40,50989,17],{"class":84},[40,50991,88],{"class":54},[40,50993,50994],{"class":91},"empty_text",[40,50996,5140],{"class":54},[40,50998,50999],{"class":3449},"  # 0\n",[20,51001,51002],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[31,51004,51006],{"className":33,"code":51005,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51007,51008,51021,51025,51045],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51009,51010,51013,51015,51017,51019],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51011,51012],{"class":46},"user_name ",[40,51014,51],{"class":50},[40,51016,224],{"class":212},[40,51018,4783],{"class":216},[40,51020,3146],{"class":212},[40,51022,51023],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,51024,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,51026,51027,51029,51031,51033,51036,51038,51041,51043],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,51028,536],{"class":535},[40,51030,85],{"class":84},[40,51032,88],{"class":54},[40,51034,51035],{"class":91},"user_name",[40,51037,18],{"class":54},[40,51039,51040],{"class":50}," >=",[40,51042,749],{"class":58},[40,51044,553],{"class":54},[40,51046,51047,51049,51051,51053,51056,51058],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,51048,558],{"class":84},[40,51050,88],{"class":54},[40,51052,213],{"class":212},[40,51054,51055],{"class":216},"Name is long enough",[40,51057,213],{"class":212},[40,51059,95],{"class":54},[129,51061,51063],{"id":51062},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51065,51066,51067,51069],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51068,25],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51071,51072],{},"Example with a list:",[31,51074,51076],{"className":33,"code":51075,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51077,51078,51110],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51079,51080,51082,51084,51086,51088,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102,51104,51106,51108],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51081,309],{"class":46},[40,51083,51],{"class":50},[40,51085,55],{"class":54},[40,51087,213],{"class":212},[40,51089,318],{"class":216},[40,51091,213],{"class":212},[40,51093,62],{"class":54},[40,51095,224],{"class":212},[40,51097,327],{"class":216},[40,51099,213],{"class":212},[40,51101,62],{"class":54},[40,51103,224],{"class":212},[40,51105,336],{"class":216},[40,51107,213],{"class":212},[40,51109,73],{"class":54},[40,51111,51112,51114,51116,51118,51120,51122,51124],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,51113,101],{"class":84},[40,51115,88],{"class":54},[40,51117,17],{"class":84},[40,51119,88],{"class":54},[40,51121,353],{"class":91},[40,51123,5140],{"class":54},[40,51125,50523],{"class":3449},[20,51127,37672],{},[31,51129,51131],{"className":33,"code":51130,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51132,51133,51150],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51134,51135,51138,51140,51142,51144,51146,51148],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51136,51137],{"class":46},"point ",[40,51139,51],{"class":50},[40,51141,9006],{"class":54},[40,51143,59],{"class":58},[40,51145,62],{"class":54},[40,51147,65],{"class":58},[40,51149,95],{"class":54},[40,51151,51152,51154,51156,51158,51160,51163,51165],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,51153,101],{"class":84},[40,51155,88],{"class":54},[40,51157,17],{"class":84},[40,51159,88],{"class":54},[40,51161,51162],{"class":91},"point",[40,51164,5140],{"class":54},[40,51166,51167],{"class":3449},"  # 2\n",[20,51169,51170],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[31,51172,51174],{"className":33,"code":51173,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51175,51176,51200,51204,51222],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51177,51178,51180,51182,51184,51186,51188,51190,51192,51194,51196,51198],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51179,479],{"class":46},[40,51181,51],{"class":50},[40,51183,55],{"class":54},[40,51185,213],{"class":212},[40,51187,3862],{"class":216},[40,51189,213],{"class":212},[40,51191,62],{"class":54},[40,51193,224],{"class":212},[40,51195,3871],{"class":216},[40,51197,213],{"class":212},[40,51199,73],{"class":54},[40,51201,51202],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,51203,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,51205,51206,51208,51210,51212,51214,51216,51218,51220],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,51207,536],{"class":535},[40,51209,85],{"class":84},[40,51211,88],{"class":54},[40,51213,497],{"class":91},[40,51215,18],{"class":54},[40,51217,547],{"class":50},[40,51219,1226],{"class":58},[40,51221,553],{"class":54},[40,51223,51224,51226,51228,51230,51232,51234,51236],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,51225,558],{"class":84},[40,51227,88],{"class":54},[40,51229,497],{"class":91},[40,51231,565],{"class":54},[40,51233,658],{"class":58},[40,51235,20207],{"class":54},[40,51237,51238],{"class":3449},"  # banana\n",[20,51240,51241],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[31,51243,51245],{"className":33,"code":51244,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51246,51247,51270],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51248,51249,51251,51253,51255,51258,51260,51263,51265,51268],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51250,4842],{"class":46},[40,51252,51],{"class":50},[40,51254,55],{"class":54},[40,51256,51257],{"class":58},"88",[40,51259,62],{"class":54},[40,51261,51262],{"class":58}," 91",[40,51264,62],{"class":54},[40,51266,51267],{"class":58}," 75",[40,51269,73],{"class":54},[40,51271,51272,51274,51276,51278,51281,51283,51285,51287,51289,51291],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,51273,101],{"class":84},[40,51275,88],{"class":54},[40,51277,213],{"class":212},[40,51279,51280],{"class":216},"Number of scores:",[40,51282,213],{"class":212},[40,51284,62],{"class":54},[40,51286,85],{"class":84},[40,51288,88],{"class":54},[40,51290,16156],{"class":91},[40,51292,256],{"class":54},[20,51294,51295,51296,289],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[282,51297,1631],{"href":1630},[129,51299,51301],{"id":51300},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51303,51304,51305,51307],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51306,25],{}," counts keys.",[31,51309,51311],{"className":33,"code":51310,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51312,51313,51321,51339,51353,51369,51373,51377],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51314,51315,51317,51319],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51316,12633],{"class":46},[40,51318,51],{"class":50},[40,51320,11263],{"class":54},[40,51322,51323,51325,51327,51329,51331,51333,51335,51337],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,51324,11268],{"class":212},[40,51326,7446],{"class":216},[40,51328,213],{"class":212},[40,51330,2669],{"class":54},[40,51332,224],{"class":212},[40,51334,7696],{"class":216},[40,51336,213],{"class":212},[40,51338,11284],{"class":54},[40,51340,51341,51343,51345,51347,51349,51351],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,51342,11268],{"class":212},[40,51344,9069],{"class":216},[40,51346,213],{"class":212},[40,51348,2669],{"class":54},[40,51350,30703],{"class":58},[40,51352,11284],{"class":54},[40,51354,51355,51357,51359,51361,51363,51365,51367],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,51356,11268],{"class":212},[40,51358,19652],{"class":216},[40,51360,213],{"class":212},[40,51362,2669],{"class":54},[40,51364,224],{"class":212},[40,51366,22006],{"class":216},[40,51368,3146],{"class":212},[40,51370,51371],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,51372,9079],{"class":54},[40,51374,51375],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,51376,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,51378,51379,51381,51383,51385,51387,51389,51391],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,51380,101],{"class":84},[40,51382,88],{"class":54},[40,51384,17],{"class":84},[40,51386,88],{"class":54},[40,51388,13393],{"class":91},[40,51390,5140],{"class":54},[40,51392,50523],{"class":3449},[20,51394,51395,51396,51398],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51397,25],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51400,51401,51402,51404],{},"For sets, ",[15,51403,25],{}," counts unique items:",[31,51406,51408],{"className":33,"code":51407,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51409,51410,51438],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51411,51412,51414,51416,51418,51420,51422,51424,51426,51428,51430,51432,51434,51436],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51413,47],{"class":46},[40,51415,51],{"class":50},[40,51417,10260],{"class":54},[40,51419,658],{"class":58},[40,51421,62],{"class":54},[40,51423,663],{"class":58},[40,51425,62],{"class":54},[40,51427,749],{"class":58},[40,51429,62],{"class":54},[40,51431,749],{"class":58},[40,51433,62],{"class":54},[40,51435,663],{"class":58},[40,51437,9079],{"class":54},[40,51439,51440,51442,51444,51446,51448,51450,51452],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,51441,101],{"class":84},[40,51443,88],{"class":54},[40,51445,17],{"class":84},[40,51447,88],{"class":54},[40,51449,92],{"class":91},[40,51451,5140],{"class":54},[40,51453,50523],{"class":3449},[20,51455,51456],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51458,51459],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[31,51461,51463],{"className":33,"code":51462,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51464,51465,51473,51477,51495],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51466,51467,51469,51471],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51468,650],{"class":46},[40,51470,51],{"class":50},[40,51472,9607],{"class":54},[40,51474,51475],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,51476,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,51478,51479,51481,51483,51485,51487,51489,51491,51493],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,51480,536],{"class":535},[40,51482,85],{"class":84},[40,51484,88],{"class":54},[40,51486,703],{"class":91},[40,51488,18],{"class":54},[40,51490,6185],{"class":50},[40,51492,550],{"class":58},[40,51494,553],{"class":54},[40,51496,51497,51499,51501,51503,51506,51508],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,51498,558],{"class":84},[40,51500,88],{"class":54},[40,51502,213],{"class":212},[40,51504,51505],{"class":216},"The dictionary is empty",[40,51507,213],{"class":212},[40,51509,95],{"class":54},[129,51511,40800],{"id":40799},[20,51513,51514,51515,289],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51516,25],{},[792,51518,1362],{"id":51519},"check-if-a-list-is-empty",[31,51521,51523],{"className":33,"code":51522,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51524,51525,51533,51537,51555],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51526,51527,51529,51531],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51528,479],{"class":46},[40,51530,51],{"class":50},[40,51532,484],{"class":54},[40,51534,51535],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,51536,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,51538,51539,51541,51543,51545,51547,51549,51551,51553],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,51540,536],{"class":535},[40,51542,85],{"class":84},[40,51544,88],{"class":54},[40,51546,497],{"class":91},[40,51548,18],{"class":54},[40,51550,6185],{"class":50},[40,51552,550],{"class":58},[40,51554,553],{"class":54},[40,51556,51557,51559,51561,51563,51565,51567],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,51558,558],{"class":84},[40,51560,88],{"class":54},[40,51562,213],{"class":212},[40,51564,590],{"class":216},[40,51566,213],{"class":212},[40,51568,95],{"class":54},[792,51570,51572],{"id":51571},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[31,51574,51576],{"className":33,"code":51575,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51577,51578,51597],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51579,51580,51582,51584,51586,51588,51590,51593,51595],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51581,5931],{"class":46},[40,51583,51],{"class":50},[40,51585,8013],{"class":84},[40,51587,88],{"class":54},[40,51589,213],{"class":212},[40,51591,51592],{"class":216},"Enter a word: ",[40,51594,213],{"class":212},[40,51596,95],{"class":54},[40,51598,51599,51601,51603,51605,51608,51610,51612,51614,51616,51618],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,51600,101],{"class":84},[40,51602,88],{"class":54},[40,51604,213],{"class":212},[40,51606,51607],{"class":216},"Number of characters:",[40,51609,213],{"class":212},[40,51611,62],{"class":54},[40,51613,85],{"class":84},[40,51615,88],{"class":54},[40,51617,38146],{"class":91},[40,51619,256],{"class":54},[792,51621,51623],{"id":51622},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[31,51625,51627],{"className":33,"code":51626,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51628,51629,51643,51647,51665,51680,51686],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51630,51631,51634,51636,51638,51641],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51632,51633],{"class":46},"password ",[40,51635,51],{"class":50},[40,51637,224],{"class":212},[40,51639,51640],{"class":216},"secret123",[40,51642,3146],{"class":212},[40,51644,51645],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,51646,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,51648,51649,51651,51653,51655,51657,51659,51661,51663],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,51650,536],{"class":535},[40,51652,85],{"class":84},[40,51654,88],{"class":54},[40,51656,17385],{"class":91},[40,51658,18],{"class":54},[40,51660,51040],{"class":50},[40,51662,6137],{"class":58},[40,51664,553],{"class":54},[40,51666,51667,51669,51671,51673,51676,51678],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,51668,558],{"class":84},[40,51670,88],{"class":54},[40,51672,213],{"class":212},[40,51674,51675],{"class":216},"Password length is valid",[40,51677,213],{"class":212},[40,51679,95],{"class":54},[40,51681,51682,51684],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,51683,576],{"class":535},[40,51685,553],{"class":54},[40,51687,51688,51690,51692,51694,51697,51699],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,51689,558],{"class":84},[40,51691,88],{"class":54},[40,51693,213],{"class":212},[40,51695,51696],{"class":216},"Password is too short",[40,51698,213],{"class":212},[40,51700,95],{"class":54},[792,51702,51704],{"id":51703},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[31,51706,51708],{"className":33,"code":51707,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51709,51710,51746],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51711,51712,51715,51717,51719,51721,51724,51726,51728,51730,51733,51735,51737,51739,51742,51744],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51713,51714],{"class":46},"results ",[40,51716,51],{"class":50},[40,51718,55],{"class":54},[40,51720,213],{"class":212},[40,51722,51723],{"class":216},"item1",[40,51725,213],{"class":212},[40,51727,62],{"class":54},[40,51729,224],{"class":212},[40,51731,51732],{"class":216},"item2",[40,51734,213],{"class":212},[40,51736,62],{"class":54},[40,51738,224],{"class":212},[40,51740,51741],{"class":216},"item3",[40,51743,213],{"class":212},[40,51745,73],{"class":54},[40,51747,51748,51750,51752,51754,51757,51759,51761,51763,51765,51768],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,51749,101],{"class":84},[40,51751,88],{"class":54},[40,51753,213],{"class":212},[40,51755,51756],{"class":216},"Items found:",[40,51758,213],{"class":212},[40,51760,62],{"class":54},[40,51762,85],{"class":84},[40,51764,88],{"class":54},[40,51766,51767],{"class":91},"results",[40,51769,256],{"class":54},[20,51771,51772],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[129,51774,51776],{"id":51775},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51778,51779,51781],{},[15,51780,25],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51783,51784,51785,2669],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51786,2790],{},[134,51788,51789,51792,51795],{},[137,51790,51791],{},"plain integers",[137,51793,51794],{},"floats",[137,51796,51797],{},[15,51798,3565],{},[20,51800,195],{},[31,51802,51804],{"className":33,"code":51803,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51805,51806],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51807,51808,51810,51812,51814,51816,51818],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51809,101],{"class":84},[40,51811,88],{"class":54},[40,51813,17],{"class":84},[40,51815,88],{"class":54},[40,51817,682],{"class":58},[40,51819,256],{"class":54},[20,51821,51822,51823,51825],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51824,682],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51827,721],{},[31,51829,51831],{"className":33,"code":51830,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51832,51833],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51834,51835,51837,51839,51841,51843,51845],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51836,101],{"class":84},[40,51838,88],{"class":54},[40,51840,17],{"class":84},[40,51842,88],{"class":54},[40,51844,39898],{"class":58},[40,51846,256],{"class":54},[20,51848,51849,51850,2669],{},"And with ",[15,51851,3565],{},[31,51853,51855],{"className":33,"code":51854,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51856,51857,51865],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51858,51859,51861,51863],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51860,2230],{"class":46},[40,51862,51],{"class":50},[40,51864,48279],{"class":1494},[40,51866,51867,51869,51871,51873,51875,51877],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,51868,101],{"class":84},[40,51870,88],{"class":54},[40,51872,17],{"class":84},[40,51874,88],{"class":54},[40,51876,2255],{"class":91},[40,51878,256],{"class":54},[20,51880,51881,51882,289],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[282,51883,51885],{"href":51884},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[129,51887,51889],{"id":51888},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51891,51892,51893,51895],{},"Before using ",[15,51894,25],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51897,51898],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[31,51900,51902],{"className":33,"code":51901,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51903,51904,51912,51916,51926,51940,51958,51976],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,51905,51906,51908,51910],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,51907,2230],{"class":46},[40,51909,51],{"class":50},[40,51911,48279],{"class":1494},[40,51913,51914],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,51915,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,51917,51918,51920,51922,51924],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,51919,101],{"class":84},[40,51921,88],{"class":54},[40,51923,2255],{"class":91},[40,51925,95],{"class":54},[40,51927,51928,51930,51932,51934,51936,51938],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,51929,101],{"class":84},[40,51931,88],{"class":54},[40,51933,1297],{"class":609},[40,51935,88],{"class":54},[40,51937,2255],{"class":91},[40,51939,256],{"class":54},[40,51941,51942,51944,51946,51948,51950,51952,51954,51956],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,51943,101],{"class":84},[40,51945,88],{"class":54},[40,51947,48627],{"class":84},[40,51949,88],{"class":54},[40,51951,2255],{"class":91},[40,51953,62],{"class":54},[40,51955,48656],{"class":609},[40,51957,256],{"class":54},[40,51959,51960,51962,51964,51966,51968,51970,51972,51974],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,51961,101],{"class":84},[40,51963,88],{"class":54},[40,51965,48627],{"class":84},[40,51967,88],{"class":54},[40,51969,2255],{"class":91},[40,51971,62],{"class":54},[40,51973,22321],{"class":609},[40,51975,256],{"class":54},[40,51977,51978,51980,51982,51984,51986,51988,51990,51992],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,51979,101],{"class":84},[40,51981,88],{"class":54},[40,51983,48627],{"class":84},[40,51985,88],{"class":54},[40,51987,2255],{"class":91},[40,51989,62],{"class":54},[40,51991,8941],{"class":609},[40,51993,256],{"class":54},[20,51995,51996],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51998,51999],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[31,52001,52003],{"className":33,"code":52002,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52004,52005,52017,52021,52035],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52006,52007,52009,52011,52013,52015],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52008,2230],{"class":46},[40,52010,51],{"class":50},[40,52012,224],{"class":212},[40,52014,3632],{"class":216},[40,52016,3146],{"class":212},[40,52018,52019],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,52020,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,52022,52023,52025,52027,52029,52031,52033],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,52024,536],{"class":535},[40,52026,21345],{"class":46},[40,52028,11963],{"class":50},[40,52030,7872],{"class":50},[40,52032,3639],{"class":1494},[40,52034,553],{"class":54},[40,52036,52037,52039,52041,52043,52045,52047],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,52038,558],{"class":84},[40,52040,88],{"class":54},[40,52042,17],{"class":84},[40,52044,88],{"class":54},[40,52046,2255],{"class":91},[40,52048,256],{"class":54},[20,52050,52051,52052,289],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[282,52053,8212],{"href":2083},[129,52055,2613],{"id":2612},[20,52057,22856,52058,2669],{},[15,52059,25],{},[134,52061,52062,52070,52078,52086,52092],{},[137,52063,795,52064,52066,52067],{},[15,52065,25],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52068,52069],{},"len(5)",[137,52071,795,52072,52074,52075],{},[15,52073,25],{}," on a float like ",[15,52076,52077],{},"len(3.14)",[137,52079,795,52080,52082,52083,52085],{},[15,52081,25],{}," on ",[15,52084,3565],{}," after a function returns nothing",[137,52087,4361,52088,52091],{},[15,52089,52090],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[137,52093,52094],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52096,52097],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[31,52099,52101],{"className":33,"code":52100,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52102,52103,52139],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52104,52105,52107,52109,52111,52113,52115,52117,52119,52121,52123,52125,52127,52129,52131,52133,52135,52137],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52106,12971],{"class":46},[40,52108,51],{"class":50},[40,52110,10260],{"class":54},[40,52112,213],{"class":212},[40,52114,7446],{"class":216},[40,52116,213],{"class":212},[40,52118,2669],{"class":54},[40,52120,224],{"class":212},[40,52122,1517],{"class":216},[40,52124,213],{"class":212},[40,52126,62],{"class":54},[40,52128,224],{"class":212},[40,52130,9069],{"class":216},[40,52132,213],{"class":212},[40,52134,2669],{"class":54},[40,52136,65],{"class":58},[40,52138,9079],{"class":54},[40,52140,52141,52143,52145,52147,52149,52151,52153],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,52142,101],{"class":84},[40,52144,88],{"class":54},[40,52146,17],{"class":84},[40,52148,88],{"class":54},[40,52150,17072],{"class":91},[40,52152,5140],{"class":54},[40,52154,51167],{"class":3449},[20,52156,37351,52157,52159,52160,4176,52162,289],{},[15,52158,744],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52161,15006],{},[15,52163,52164],{},"\"age\"",[20,52166,52167],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[31,52169,52171],{"className":33,"code":52170,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52172,52173,52186],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52174,52175,52177,52179,52181,52184],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52176,34450],{"class":46},[40,52178,51],{"class":50},[40,52180,224],{"class":212},[40,52182,52183],{"class":216},"a b",[40,52185,3146],{"class":212},[40,52187,52188,52190,52192,52194,52196,52198,52200],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,52189,101],{"class":84},[40,52191,88],{"class":54},[40,52193,17],{"class":84},[40,52195,88],{"class":54},[40,52197,34471],{"class":91},[40,52199,5140],{"class":54},[40,52201,50523],{"class":3449},[20,52203,52204],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[129,52206,1636],{"id":1635},[792,52208,52210],{"id":52209},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52212,52213],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[792,52215,52217],{"id":52216},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52219,52220],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[792,52222,52224],{"id":52223},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52226,52227],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[792,52229,52231],{"id":52230},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52233,52234,52235,52237,52238,2662,52240,52242,52243,289],{},"No. Using ",[15,52236,25],{}," on an ",[15,52239,1972],{},[15,52241,1976],{}," raises a ",[15,52244,2790],{},[792,52246,52248],{"id":52247},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52250,7541,52251,289],{},[15,52252,52253],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52255,195],{},[31,52257,52259],{"className":33,"code":52258,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52260,52261,52269,52273,52291],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52262,52263,52265,52267],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52264,8079],{"class":46},[40,52266,51],{"class":50},[40,52268,484],{"class":54},[40,52270,52271],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,52272,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,52274,52275,52277,52279,52281,52283,52285,52287,52289],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,52276,536],{"class":535},[40,52278,85],{"class":84},[40,52280,88],{"class":54},[40,52282,1272],{"class":91},[40,52284,18],{"class":54},[40,52286,6185],{"class":50},[40,52288,550],{"class":58},[40,52290,553],{"class":54},[40,52292,52293,52295,52297,52299,52302,52304],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,52294,558],{"class":84},[40,52296,88],{"class":54},[40,52298,213],{"class":212},[40,52300,52301],{"class":216},"Empty list",[40,52303,213],{"class":212},[40,52305,95],{"class":54},[20,52307,52308,52309,52311,52312,52314,52315,52317],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52310,3460],{}," in an ",[15,52313,536],{}," statement, but ",[15,52316,25],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[129,52319,1687],{"id":1686},[134,52321,52322,52326,52330,52334,52338,52342,52348],{},[137,52323,52324],{},[282,52325,50729],{"href":50728},[137,52327,52328],{},[282,52329,50732],{"href":622},[137,52331,52332],{},[282,52333,8927],{"href":8926},[137,52335,52336],{},[282,52337,1700],{"href":1630},[137,52339,52340],{},[282,52341,8212],{"href":2083},[137,52343,52344],{},[282,52345,52347],{"href":52346},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[137,52349,52350],{},[282,52351,52352],{"href":51884},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1715,52354,52355],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":52357},[52358,52359,52360,52361,52362,52363,52364,52370,52371,52372,52373,52380],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":50531,"depth":76,"text":50532},{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":50875,"depth":76,"text":50876},{"id":51062,"depth":76,"text":51063},{"id":51300,"depth":76,"text":51301},{"id":40799,"depth":76,"text":40800,"children":52365},[52366,52367,52368,52369],{"id":51519,"depth":98,"text":1362},{"id":51571,"depth":98,"text":51572},{"id":51622,"depth":98,"text":51623},{"id":51703,"depth":98,"text":51704},{"id":51775,"depth":76,"text":51776},{"id":51888,"depth":76,"text":51889},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":52374},[52375,52376,52377,52378,52379],{"id":52209,"depth":98,"text":52210},{"id":52216,"depth":98,"text":52217},{"id":52223,"depth":98,"text":52224},{"id":52230,"depth":98,"text":52231},{"id":52247,"depth":98,"text":52248},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50414,"description":52381},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52388,"title":52389,"body":52390,"description":54071,"extension":1746,"meta":54072,"navigation":360,"path":54073,"seo":54074,"stem":54075,"__hash__":54076},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52391,"toc":54044},[52392,52395,52408,52414,52416,52470,52475,52479,52495,52498,52512,52517,52519,52522,52541,52557,52559,52635,52637,52674,52685,52687,52690,52751,52753,52786,52789,52795,52799,52802,52927,52929,52987,52995,53048,53050,53077,53083,53093,53097,53100,53105,53157,53159,53185,53191,53245,53247,53272,53275,53299,53305,53307,53311,53313,53370,53372,53380,53382,53404,53406,53459,53461,53485,53489,53491,53530,53532,53540,53546,53550,53602,53604,53630,53638,53642,53647,53656,53658,53724,53726,53758,53762,53767,53769,53783,53786,53858,53860,53886,53888,53892,53899,53903,53910,53914,53917,53919,53972,53974,54000,54004,54013,54015,54041],[10,52393,52389],{"id":52394},"python-list-append-method",[20,52396,606,52397,52400,52401,52403,52404,52407],{},[15,52398,52399],{},"append()"," method adds ",[183,52402,276],{}," to the ",[183,52405,52406],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52409,52410,52411,52413],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[183,52412,185],{}," create a new list.",[129,52415,3396],{"id":3395},[31,52417,52419],{"className":33,"code":52418,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52420,52421,52441,52455,52465],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52422,52423,52425,52427,52429,52431,52433,52435,52437,52439],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52424,47],{"class":46},[40,52426,51],{"class":50},[40,52428,55],{"class":54},[40,52430,658],{"class":58},[40,52432,62],{"class":54},[40,52434,663],{"class":58},[40,52436,62],{"class":54},[40,52438,749],{"class":58},[40,52440,73],{"class":54},[40,52442,52443,52445,52447,52449,52451,52453],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,52444,92],{"class":46},[40,52446,289],{"class":54},[40,52448,13320],{"class":91},[40,52450,88],{"class":54},[40,52452,2288],{"class":58},[40,52454,95],{"class":54},[40,52456,52457,52459,52461,52463],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,52458,101],{"class":84},[40,52460,88],{"class":54},[40,52462,92],{"class":91},[40,52464,95],{"class":54},[40,52466,52467],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,52468,52469],{"class":3449},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52471,123,52472,52474],{},[15,52473,52399],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[129,52476,52478],{"id":52477},"what-append-does","What append() does",[134,52480,52481,52486,52489,52492],{},[137,52482,52483,52485],{},[15,52484,52399],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[137,52487,52488],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[137,52490,52491],{},"It does not create a new list",[137,52493,52494],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52496,52497],{},"This means you can append:",[134,52499,52500,52502,52504,52506,52508,52510],{},[137,52501,92],{},[137,52503,5087],{},[137,52505,40349],{},[137,52507,5078],{},[137,52509,7028],{},[137,52511,34424],{},[20,52513,52514,52515,289],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[282,52516,623],{"href":622},[129,52518,5210],{"id":5209},[20,52520,52521],{},"Basic form:",[31,52523,52525],{"className":33,"code":52524,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52526,52527],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52528,52529,52531,52533,52535,52537,52539],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52530,1272],{"class":46},[40,52532,289],{"class":54},[40,52534,13320],{"class":91},[40,52536,88],{"class":54},[40,52538,23072],{"class":91},[40,52540,95],{"class":54},[134,52542,52543,52548,52553],{},[137,52544,52545,52547],{},[15,52546,1272],{}," is the list you want to change",[137,52549,52550,52552],{},[15,52551,23072],{}," is the value or object to add",[137,52554,11680,52555],{},[15,52556,3565],{},[20,52558,195],{},[31,52560,52562],{"className":33,"code":52561,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52563,52564,52588,52611,52615,52625],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52565,52566,52568,52570,52572,52574,52576,52578,52580,52582,52584,52586],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52567,35995],{"class":46},[40,52569,51],{"class":50},[40,52571,55],{"class":54},[40,52573,213],{"class":212},[40,52575,3862],{"class":216},[40,52577,213],{"class":212},[40,52579,62],{"class":54},[40,52581,224],{"class":212},[40,52583,3871],{"class":216},[40,52585,213],{"class":212},[40,52587,73],{"class":54},[40,52589,52590,52592,52594,52597,52599,52601,52603,52605,52607,52609],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,52591,2013],{"class":46},[40,52593,51],{"class":50},[40,52595,52596],{"class":46}," fruits",[40,52598,289],{"class":54},[40,52600,13320],{"class":91},[40,52602,88],{"class":54},[40,52604,213],{"class":212},[40,52606,32982],{"class":216},[40,52608,213],{"class":212},[40,52610,95],{"class":54},[40,52612,52613],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,52614,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,52616,52617,52619,52621,52623],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,52618,101],{"class":84},[40,52620,88],{"class":54},[40,52622,36047],{"class":91},[40,52624,95],{"class":54},[40,52626,52627,52629,52631,52633],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,52628,101],{"class":84},[40,52630,88],{"class":54},[40,52632,2048],{"class":91},[40,52634,95],{"class":54},[20,52636,111],{},[31,52638,52640],{"className":33,"code":52639,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52641,52642,52670],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52643,52644,52646,52648,52650,52652,52654,52656,52658,52660,52662,52664,52666,52668],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52645,565],{"class":54},[40,52647,3087],{"class":212},[40,52649,3862],{"class":216},[40,52651,3087],{"class":212},[40,52653,62],{"class":54},[40,52655,3082],{"class":212},[40,52657,3871],{"class":216},[40,52659,3087],{"class":212},[40,52661,62],{"class":54},[40,52663,3082],{"class":212},[40,52665,32982],{"class":216},[40,52667,3087],{"class":212},[40,52669,73],{"class":54},[40,52671,52672],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,52673,11577],{"class":1494},[20,52675,52676,52677,52679,52680,52682,52683,289],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52678,52399],{}," updates ",[15,52681,36047],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52684,3565],{},[129,52686,11245],{"id":11244},[20,52688,52689],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[31,52691,52693],{"className":33,"code":52692,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52694,52695,52719,52737,52741],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52696,52697,52699,52701,52703,52705,52707,52709,52711,52713,52715,52717],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52698,309],{"class":46},[40,52700,51],{"class":50},[40,52702,55],{"class":54},[40,52704,213],{"class":212},[40,52706,318],{"class":216},[40,52708,213],{"class":212},[40,52710,62],{"class":54},[40,52712,224],{"class":212},[40,52714,336],{"class":216},[40,52716,213],{"class":212},[40,52718,73],{"class":54},[40,52720,52721,52723,52725,52727,52729,52731,52733,52735],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,52722,353],{"class":46},[40,52724,289],{"class":54},[40,52726,13320],{"class":91},[40,52728,88],{"class":54},[40,52730,213],{"class":212},[40,52732,327],{"class":216},[40,52734,213],{"class":212},[40,52736,95],{"class":54},[40,52738,52739],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,52740,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,52742,52743,52745,52747,52749],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,52744,101],{"class":84},[40,52746,88],{"class":54},[40,52748,353],{"class":91},[40,52750,95],{"class":54},[20,52752,111],{},[31,52754,52756],{"className":33,"code":52755,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52757,52758],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52759,52760,52762,52764,52766,52768,52770,52772,52774,52776,52778,52780,52782,52784],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52761,565],{"class":54},[40,52763,3087],{"class":212},[40,52765,318],{"class":216},[40,52767,3087],{"class":212},[40,52769,62],{"class":54},[40,52771,3082],{"class":212},[40,52773,336],{"class":216},[40,52775,3087],{"class":212},[40,52777,62],{"class":54},[40,52779,3082],{"class":212},[40,52781,327],{"class":216},[40,52783,3087],{"class":212},[40,52785,73],{"class":54},[20,52787,52788],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52790,30843,52791,289],{},[282,52792,52794],{"href":52793},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[129,52796,52798],{"id":52797},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52800,52801],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[31,52803,52805],{"className":33,"code":52804,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52806,52807,52815,52819,52833,52851,52865,52891,52913,52917],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52808,52809,52811,52813],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52810,479],{"class":46},[40,52812,51],{"class":50},[40,52814,484],{"class":54},[40,52816,52817],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,52818,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,52820,52821,52823,52825,52827,52829,52831],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,52822,497],{"class":46},[40,52824,289],{"class":54},[40,52826,13320],{"class":91},[40,52828,88],{"class":54},[40,52830,59],{"class":58},[40,52832,95],{"class":54},[40,52834,52835,52837,52839,52841,52843,52845,52847,52849],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,52836,497],{"class":46},[40,52838,289],{"class":54},[40,52840,13320],{"class":91},[40,52842,88],{"class":54},[40,52844,213],{"class":212},[40,52846,3632],{"class":216},[40,52848,213],{"class":212},[40,52850,95],{"class":54},[40,52852,52853,52855,52857,52859,52861,52863],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,52854,497],{"class":46},[40,52856,289],{"class":54},[40,52858,13320],{"class":91},[40,52860,88],{"class":54},[40,52862,3391],{"class":1494},[40,52864,95],{"class":54},[40,52866,52867,52869,52871,52873,52875,52877,52879,52881,52883,52885,52887,52889],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,52868,497],{"class":46},[40,52870,289],{"class":54},[40,52872,13320],{"class":91},[40,52874,5308],{"class":54},[40,52876,213],{"class":212},[40,52878,7446],{"class":216},[40,52880,213],{"class":212},[40,52882,2669],{"class":54},[40,52884,224],{"class":212},[40,52886,7455],{"class":216},[40,52888,213],{"class":212},[40,52890,30256],{"class":54},[40,52892,52893,52895,52897,52899,52901,52903,52905,52907,52909,52911],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,52894,497],{"class":46},[40,52896,289],{"class":54},[40,52898,13320],{"class":91},[40,52900,2771],{"class":54},[40,52902,658],{"class":58},[40,52904,62],{"class":54},[40,52906,663],{"class":58},[40,52908,62],{"class":54},[40,52910,749],{"class":58},[40,52912,570],{"class":54},[40,52914,52915],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,52916,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,52918,52919,52921,52923,52925],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,52920,101],{"class":84},[40,52922,88],{"class":54},[40,52924,497],{"class":91},[40,52926,95],{"class":54},[20,52928,111],{},[31,52930,52932],{"className":33,"code":52931,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52933,52934],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,52935,52936,52938,52940,52942,52944,52946,52948,52950,52952,52954,52956,52958,52960,52962,52964,52966,52968,52970,52973,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983,52985],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,52937,565],{"class":54},[40,52939,59],{"class":58},[40,52941,62],{"class":54},[40,52943,3082],{"class":212},[40,52945,3632],{"class":216},[40,52947,3087],{"class":212},[40,52949,62],{"class":54},[40,52951,3700],{"class":1494},[40,52953,62],{"class":54},[40,52955,10260],{"class":54},[40,52957,3087],{"class":212},[40,52959,7446],{"class":216},[40,52961,3087],{"class":212},[40,52963,2669],{"class":54},[40,52965,3082],{"class":212},[40,52967,7455],{"class":216},[40,52969,3087],{"class":212},[40,52971,52972],{"class":54},"},",[40,52974,55],{"class":54},[40,52976,658],{"class":58},[40,52978,62],{"class":54},[40,52980,663],{"class":58},[40,52982,62],{"class":54},[40,52984,749],{"class":58},[40,52986,690],{"class":54},[20,52988,52989,52990,41908,52992,289],{},"A list added with ",[15,52991,52399],{},[183,52993,52994],{},"one single item",[31,52996,52998],{"className":33,"code":52997,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52999,53000,53016,53034,53038],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53001,53002,53004,53006,53008,53010,53012,53014],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53003,47],{"class":46},[40,53005,51],{"class":50},[40,53007,55],{"class":54},[40,53009,658],{"class":58},[40,53011,62],{"class":54},[40,53013,663],{"class":58},[40,53015,73],{"class":54},[40,53017,53018,53020,53022,53024,53026,53028,53030,53032],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,53019,92],{"class":46},[40,53021,289],{"class":54},[40,53023,13320],{"class":91},[40,53025,2771],{"class":54},[40,53027,401],{"class":58},[40,53029,62],{"class":54},[40,53031,675],{"class":58},[40,53033,570],{"class":54},[40,53035,53036],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,53037,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,53039,53040,53042,53044,53046],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,53041,101],{"class":84},[40,53043,88],{"class":54},[40,53045,92],{"class":91},[40,53047,95],{"class":54},[20,53049,111],{},[31,53051,53053],{"className":33,"code":53052,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53054,53055],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53056,53057,53059,53061,53063,53065,53067,53069,53071,53073,53075],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53058,565],{"class":54},[40,53060,658],{"class":58},[40,53062,62],{"class":54},[40,53064,663],{"class":58},[40,53066,62],{"class":54},[40,53068,55],{"class":54},[40,53070,401],{"class":58},[40,53072,62],{"class":54},[40,53074,675],{"class":58},[40,53076,690],{"class":54},[20,53078,2070,53079,53082],{},[15,53080,53081],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53084,53085,53086,53092],{},"This is different from ",[282,53087,53089],{"href":53088},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53090,53091],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[129,53094,53096],{"id":53095},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53098,53099],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[792,53101,795,53103],{"id":53102},"using-append",[15,53104,52399],{},[31,53106,53107],{"className":33,"code":52997,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,53108,53109,53125,53143,53147],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53110,53111,53113,53115,53117,53119,53121,53123],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53112,47],{"class":46},[40,53114,51],{"class":50},[40,53116,55],{"class":54},[40,53118,658],{"class":58},[40,53120,62],{"class":54},[40,53122,663],{"class":58},[40,53124,73],{"class":54},[40,53126,53127,53129,53131,53133,53135,53137,53139,53141],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,53128,92],{"class":46},[40,53130,289],{"class":54},[40,53132,13320],{"class":91},[40,53134,2771],{"class":54},[40,53136,401],{"class":58},[40,53138,62],{"class":54},[40,53140,675],{"class":58},[40,53142,570],{"class":54},[40,53144,53145],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,53146,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,53148,53149,53151,53153,53155],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,53150,101],{"class":84},[40,53152,88],{"class":54},[40,53154,92],{"class":91},[40,53156,95],{"class":54},[20,53158,111],{},[31,53160,53161],{"className":33,"code":53052,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,53162,53163],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53164,53165,53167,53169,53171,53173,53175,53177,53179,53181,53183],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53166,565],{"class":54},[40,53168,658],{"class":58},[40,53170,62],{"class":54},[40,53172,663],{"class":58},[40,53174,62],{"class":54},[40,53176,55],{"class":54},[40,53178,401],{"class":58},[40,53180,62],{"class":54},[40,53182,675],{"class":58},[40,53184,690],{"class":54},[792,53186,795,53188],{"id":53187},"using-extend",[15,53189,53190],{},"extend()",[31,53192,53194],{"className":33,"code":53193,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53195,53196,53212,53231,53235],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53197,53198,53200,53202,53204,53206,53208,53210],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53199,47],{"class":46},[40,53201,51],{"class":50},[40,53203,55],{"class":54},[40,53205,658],{"class":58},[40,53207,62],{"class":54},[40,53209,663],{"class":58},[40,53211,73],{"class":54},[40,53213,53214,53216,53218,53221,53223,53225,53227,53229],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,53215,92],{"class":46},[40,53217,289],{"class":54},[40,53219,53220],{"class":91},"extend",[40,53222,2771],{"class":54},[40,53224,401],{"class":58},[40,53226,62],{"class":54},[40,53228,675],{"class":58},[40,53230,570],{"class":54},[40,53232,53233],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,53234,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,53236,53237,53239,53241,53243],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,53238,101],{"class":84},[40,53240,88],{"class":54},[40,53242,92],{"class":91},[40,53244,95],{"class":54},[20,53246,111],{},[31,53248,53250],{"className":33,"code":53249,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53251,53252],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53253,53254,53256,53258,53260,53262,53264,53266,53268,53270],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53255,565],{"class":54},[40,53257,658],{"class":58},[40,53259,62],{"class":54},[40,53261,663],{"class":58},[40,53263,62],{"class":54},[40,53265,749],{"class":58},[40,53267,62],{"class":54},[40,53269,675],{"class":58},[40,53271,73],{"class":54},[20,53273,53274],{},"The difference:",[134,53276,53277,53283,53289,53294],{},[137,53278,53279,53282],{},[15,53280,53281],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[137,53284,53285,53288],{},[15,53286,53287],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[137,53290,123,53291,53293],{},[15,53292,52399],{}," for one item",[137,53295,123,53296,53298],{},[15,53297,53190],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53300,53301,53302,289],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[282,53303,53304],{"href":53088},"Python list extend() method",[129,53306,790],{"id":789},[792,53308,53310],{"id":53309},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53312,25451],{},[31,53314,53316],{"className":33,"code":53315,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53317,53318,53338,53356,53360],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53319,53320,53322,53324,53326,53328,53330,53332,53334,53336],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53321,479],{"class":46},[40,53323,51],{"class":50},[40,53325,55],{"class":54},[40,53327,658],{"class":58},[40,53329,62],{"class":54},[40,53331,663],{"class":58},[40,53333,62],{"class":54},[40,53335,749],{"class":58},[40,53337,73],{"class":54},[40,53339,53340,53342,53344,53346,53348,53350,53352,53354],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,53341,479],{"class":46},[40,53343,51],{"class":50},[40,53345,5742],{"class":46},[40,53347,289],{"class":54},[40,53349,13320],{"class":91},[40,53351,88],{"class":54},[40,53353,2288],{"class":58},[40,53355,95],{"class":54},[40,53357,53358],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,53359,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,53361,53362,53364,53366,53368],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,53363,101],{"class":84},[40,53365,88],{"class":54},[40,53367,497],{"class":91},[40,53369,95],{"class":54},[20,53371,111],{},[31,53373,53374],{"className":33,"code":11577,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,53375,53376],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53377,53378],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53379,11577],{"class":1494},[20,53381,11669],{},[134,53383,53384,53389,53395],{},[137,53385,53386,53388],{},[15,53387,52399],{}," changes the list in place",[137,53390,53391,398,53393],{},[15,53392,52399],{},[15,53394,3565],{},[137,53396,53397,53398,53401,53402],{},"So ",[15,53399,53400],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53403,3565],{},[20,53405,10577],{},[31,53407,53409],{"className":33,"code":53408,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53410,53411,53431,53445,53449],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53412,53413,53415,53417,53419,53421,53423,53425,53427,53429],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53414,479],{"class":46},[40,53416,51],{"class":50},[40,53418,55],{"class":54},[40,53420,658],{"class":58},[40,53422,62],{"class":54},[40,53424,663],{"class":58},[40,53426,62],{"class":54},[40,53428,749],{"class":58},[40,53430,73],{"class":54},[40,53432,53433,53435,53437,53439,53441,53443],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,53434,497],{"class":46},[40,53436,289],{"class":54},[40,53438,13320],{"class":91},[40,53440,88],{"class":54},[40,53442,2288],{"class":58},[40,53444,95],{"class":54},[40,53446,53447],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,53448,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,53450,53451,53453,53455,53457],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,53452,101],{"class":84},[40,53454,88],{"class":54},[40,53456,497],{"class":91},[40,53458,95],{"class":54},[20,53460,111],{},[31,53462,53463],{"className":33,"code":53249,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,53464,53465],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53466,53467,53469,53471,53473,53475,53477,53479,53481,53483],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53468,565],{"class":54},[40,53470,658],{"class":58},[40,53472,62],{"class":54},[40,53474,663],{"class":58},[40,53476,62],{"class":54},[40,53478,749],{"class":58},[40,53480,62],{"class":54},[40,53482,675],{"class":58},[40,53484,73],{"class":54},[792,53486,53488],{"id":53487},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53490,18675],{},[31,53492,53494],{"className":33,"code":53493,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53495,53496,53520],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53497,53498,53500,53502,53504,53506,53508,53510,53512,53514,53516,53518],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53499,31643],{"class":46},[40,53501,51],{"class":50},[40,53503,55],{"class":54},[40,53505,658],{"class":58},[40,53507,62],{"class":54},[40,53509,663],{"class":58},[40,53511,13317],{"class":54},[40,53513,13320],{"class":91},[40,53515,88],{"class":54},[40,53517,401],{"class":58},[40,53519,95],{"class":54},[40,53521,53522,53524,53526,53528],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,53523,101],{"class":84},[40,53525,88],{"class":54},[40,53527,31662],{"class":91},[40,53529,95],{"class":54},[20,53531,111],{},[31,53533,53534],{"className":33,"code":11577,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,53535,53536],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53537,53538],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53539,11577],{"class":1494},[20,53541,53542,53543,53545],{},"Remember: ",[15,53544,52399],{}," updates the list you already have.",[792,53547,53549],{"id":53548},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[31,53551,53552],{"className":33,"code":52997,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,53553,53554,53570,53588,53592],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53555,53556,53558,53560,53562,53564,53566,53568],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53557,47],{"class":46},[40,53559,51],{"class":50},[40,53561,55],{"class":54},[40,53563,658],{"class":58},[40,53565,62],{"class":54},[40,53567,663],{"class":58},[40,53569,73],{"class":54},[40,53571,53572,53574,53576,53578,53580,53582,53584,53586],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,53573,92],{"class":46},[40,53575,289],{"class":54},[40,53577,13320],{"class":91},[40,53579,2771],{"class":54},[40,53581,401],{"class":58},[40,53583,62],{"class":54},[40,53585,675],{"class":58},[40,53587,570],{"class":54},[40,53589,53590],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,53591,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,53593,53594,53596,53598,53600],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,53595,101],{"class":84},[40,53597,88],{"class":54},[40,53599,92],{"class":91},[40,53601,95],{"class":54},[20,53603,111],{},[31,53605,53606],{"className":33,"code":53052,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,53607,53608],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53609,53610,53612,53614,53616,53618,53620,53622,53624,53626,53628],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53611,565],{"class":54},[40,53613,658],{"class":58},[40,53615,62],{"class":54},[40,53617,663],{"class":58},[40,53619,62],{"class":54},[40,53621,55],{"class":54},[40,53623,401],{"class":58},[40,53625,62],{"class":54},[40,53627,675],{"class":58},[40,53629,690],{"class":54},[20,53631,2955,53632,53635,53636,6409],{},[15,53633,53634],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53637,53190],{},[792,53639,53641],{"id":53640},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53643,53644,53646],{},[15,53645,52399],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53648,53649,53650,289],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[282,53651,53653],{"href":53652},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53654,53655],{},"list.insert()",[20,53657,195],{},[31,53659,53661],{"className":33,"code":53660,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53662,53663,53687,53710,53714],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53664,53665,53667,53669,53671,53673,53675,53677,53679,53681,53683,53685],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53666,1000],{"class":46},[40,53668,51],{"class":50},[40,53670,55],{"class":54},[40,53672,213],{"class":212},[40,53674,282],{"class":216},[40,53676,213],{"class":212},[40,53678,62],{"class":54},[40,53680,224],{"class":212},[40,53682,1026],{"class":216},[40,53684,213],{"class":212},[40,53686,73],{"class":54},[40,53688,53689,53691,53693,53696,53698,53700,53702,53704,53706,53708],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,53690,1043],{"class":46},[40,53692,289],{"class":54},[40,53694,53695],{"class":91},"insert",[40,53697,88],{"class":54},[40,53699,658],{"class":58},[40,53701,62],{"class":54},[40,53703,224],{"class":212},[40,53705,1017],{"class":216},[40,53707,213],{"class":212},[40,53709,95],{"class":54},[40,53711,53712],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,53713,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,53715,53716,53718,53720,53722],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,53717,101],{"class":84},[40,53719,88],{"class":54},[40,53721,1043],{"class":91},[40,53723,95],{"class":54},[20,53725,111],{},[31,53727,53728],{"className":33,"code":42627,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,53729,53730],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53731,53732,53734,53736,53738,53740,53742,53744,53746,53748,53750,53752,53754,53756],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53733,565],{"class":54},[40,53735,3087],{"class":212},[40,53737,282],{"class":216},[40,53739,3087],{"class":212},[40,53741,62],{"class":54},[40,53743,3082],{"class":212},[40,53745,1017],{"class":216},[40,53747,3087],{"class":212},[40,53749,62],{"class":54},[40,53751,3082],{"class":212},[40,53753,1026],{"class":216},[40,53755,3087],{"class":212},[40,53757,73],{"class":54},[129,53759,53761],{"id":53760},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53763,53764,53766],{},[15,53765,52399],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53768,36182],{},[134,53770,53771,53774,53777,53780],{},[137,53772,53773],{},"building a list in a loop",[137,53775,53776],{},"collecting user input",[137,53778,53779],{},"storing results step by step",[137,53781,53782],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53784,53785],{},"Example with a loop:",[31,53787,53789],{"className":33,"code":53788,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53790,53791,53800,53804,53824,53843,53847],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53792,53793,53796,53798],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53794,53795],{"class":46},"squares ",[40,53797,51],{"class":50},[40,53799,484],{"class":54},[40,53801,53802],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,53803,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,53805,53806,53808,53810,53812,53814,53816,53818,53820,53822],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,53807,1548],{"class":535},[40,53809,6164],{"class":46},[40,53811,1554],{"class":535},[40,53813,1557],{"class":84},[40,53815,88],{"class":54},[40,53817,658],{"class":58},[40,53819,62],{"class":54},[40,53821,4387],{"class":58},[40,53823,8112],{"class":54},[40,53825,53826,53829,53831,53833,53835,53837,53839,53841],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,53827,53828],{"class":46},"    squares",[40,53830,289],{"class":54},[40,53832,13320],{"class":91},[40,53834,88],{"class":54},[40,53836,2001],{"class":91},[40,53838,39627],{"class":50},[40,53840,1981],{"class":91},[40,53842,95],{"class":54},[40,53844,53845],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,53846,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,53848,53849,53851,53853,53856],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,53850,101],{"class":84},[40,53852,88],{"class":54},[40,53854,53855],{"class":91},"squares",[40,53857,95],{"class":54},[20,53859,111],{},[31,53861,53863],{"className":33,"code":53862,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53864,53865],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53866,53867,53869,53871,53873,53875,53877,53880,53882,53884],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53868,565],{"class":54},[40,53870,658],{"class":58},[40,53872,62],{"class":54},[40,53874,675],{"class":58},[40,53876,62],{"class":54},[40,53878,53879],{"class":58}," 9",[40,53881,62],{"class":54},[40,53883,13755],{"class":58},[40,53885,73],{"class":54},[129,53887,1636],{"id":1635},[792,53889,53891],{"id":53890},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53893,46118,53894,53896,53897,289],{},[15,53895,52399],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53898,3565],{},[792,53900,53902],{"id":53901},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53904,53905,53906,289],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[282,53907,53908],{"href":53088},[15,53909,53190],{},[792,53911,53913],{"id":53912},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53915,53916],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53918,195],{},[31,53920,53922],{"className":33,"code":53921,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53923,53924,53940,53958,53962],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53925,53926,53928,53930,53932,53934,53936,53938],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53927,650],{"class":46},[40,53929,51],{"class":50},[40,53931,55],{"class":54},[40,53933,658],{"class":58},[40,53935,62],{"class":54},[40,53937,663],{"class":58},[40,53939,73],{"class":54},[40,53941,53942,53944,53946,53948,53950,53952,53954,53956],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,53943,703],{"class":46},[40,53945,289],{"class":54},[40,53947,13320],{"class":91},[40,53949,2771],{"class":54},[40,53951,401],{"class":58},[40,53953,62],{"class":54},[40,53955,675],{"class":58},[40,53957,570],{"class":54},[40,53959,53960],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,53961,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,53963,53964,53966,53968,53970],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,53965,101],{"class":84},[40,53967,88],{"class":54},[40,53969,703],{"class":91},[40,53971,95],{"class":54},[20,53973,111],{},[31,53975,53976],{"className":33,"code":53052,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,53977,53978],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,53979,53980,53982,53984,53986,53988,53990,53992,53994,53996,53998],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,53981,565],{"class":54},[40,53983,658],{"class":58},[40,53985,62],{"class":54},[40,53987,663],{"class":58},[40,53989,62],{"class":54},[40,53991,55],{"class":54},[40,53993,401],{"class":58},[40,53995,62],{"class":54},[40,53997,675],{"class":58},[40,53999,690],{"class":54},[792,54001,54003],{"id":54002},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54005,54006,54008,54009,54012],{},[15,54007,52399],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54010,54011],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[129,54014,1687],{"id":1686},[134,54016,54017,54022,54026,54031,54035],{},[137,54018,54019],{},[282,54020,54021],{"href":52793},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[137,54023,54024],{},[282,54025,53304],{"href":53088},[137,54027,54028],{},[282,54029,54030],{"href":53652},"Python list insert() method",[137,54032,54033],{},[282,54034,623],{"href":622},[137,54036,54037],{},[282,54038,54040],{"href":54039},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1715,54042,54043],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":54045},[54046,54047,54048,54049,54050,54051,54057,54063,54064,54070],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":52477,"depth":76,"text":52478},{"id":5209,"depth":76,"text":5210},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":52797,"depth":76,"text":52798},{"id":53095,"depth":76,"text":53096,"children":54052},[54053,54055],{"id":53102,"depth":98,"text":54054},"Using append()",{"id":53187,"depth":98,"text":54056},"Using extend()",{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":54058},[54059,54060,54061,54062],{"id":53309,"depth":98,"text":53310},{"id":53487,"depth":98,"text":53488},{"id":53548,"depth":98,"text":53549},{"id":53640,"depth":98,"text":53641},{"id":53760,"depth":76,"text":53761},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":54065},[54066,54067,54068,54069],{"id":53890,"depth":98,"text":53891},{"id":53901,"depth":98,"text":53902},{"id":53912,"depth":98,"text":53913},{"id":54002,"depth":98,"text":54003},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52389,"description":54071},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54078,"title":54079,"body":54080,"description":55324,"extension":1746,"meta":55325,"navigation":360,"path":55326,"seo":55327,"stem":55328,"__hash__":55329},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54081,"toc":55289},[54082,54088,54094,54100,54102,54150,54155,54160,54164,54180,54186,54188,54191,54206,54208,54219,54221,54223,54280,54282,54290,54292,54308,54314,54316,54322,54326,54410,54413,54462,54469,54477,54480,54494,54507,54513,54588,54595,54602,54676,54684,54687,54698,54707,54711,54715,54726,54728,54805,54826,54828,54838,54841,54889,54891,54912,54915,54917,54968,54974,54981,55048,55054,55060,55063,55090,55095,55101,55104,55176,55179,55190,55196,55198,55204,55207,55213,55219,55226,55234,55240,55246,55248,55286],[10,54083,54085,54086,11091],{"id":54084},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54087,11090],{},[20,54089,54090,54093],{},[15,54091,54092],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54095,54096,54097,54099],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[183,54098,11103],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[129,54101,3396],{"id":3395},[31,54103,54105],{"className":33,"code":54104,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54106,54107,54127,54137],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54108,54109,54111,54113,54115,54117,54119,54121,54123,54125],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54110,479],{"class":46},[40,54112,51],{"class":50},[40,54114,55],{"class":54},[40,54116,658],{"class":58},[40,54118,62],{"class":54},[40,54120,663],{"class":58},[40,54122,62],{"class":54},[40,54124,749],{"class":58},[40,54126,73],{"class":54},[40,54128,54129,54131,54133,54135],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,54130,497],{"class":46},[40,54132,289],{"class":54},[40,54134,11152],{"class":91},[40,54136,8413],{"class":54},[40,54138,54139,54141,54143,54145,54147],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,54140,101],{"class":84},[40,54142,88],{"class":54},[40,54144,497],{"class":91},[40,54146,18],{"class":54},[40,54148,54149],{"class":3449},"  # []\n",[20,54151,123,54152,54154],{},[15,54153,11090],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[129,54156,158,54158,3466],{"id":54157},"what-listclear-does",[15,54159,54092],{},[20,54161,54162,2669],{},[15,54163,54092],{},[134,54165,54166,54169,54172,54177],{},[137,54167,54168],{},"Removes every item from a list",[137,54170,54171],{},"Changes the original list in place",[137,54173,54174,54175],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54176,3574],{},[137,54178,54179],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54181,54182,54183,54185],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54184,11090],{},", but it contains no values.",[129,54187,1940],{"id":1939},[20,54189,54190],{},"Syntax:",[31,54192,54194],{"className":33,"code":54193,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54195,54196],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54197,54198,54200,54202,54204],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54199,1272],{"class":46},[40,54201,289],{"class":54},[40,54203,11152],{"class":91},[40,54205,8413],{"class":54},[20,54207,11228],{},[134,54209,54210,54213,54216],{},[137,54211,54212],{},"Call it on a list object",[137,54214,54215],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[137,54217,54218],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[129,54220,11245],{"id":11244},[20,54222,11248],{},[31,54224,54226],{"className":33,"code":54225,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54227,54228,54252,54256,54266,54270],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54229,54230,54232,54234,54236,54238,54240,54242,54244,54246,54248,54250],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54231,47],{"class":46},[40,54233,51],{"class":50},[40,54235,55],{"class":54},[40,54237,59],{"class":58},[40,54239,62],{"class":54},[40,54241,65],{"class":58},[40,54243,62],{"class":54},[40,54245,70],{"class":58},[40,54247,62],{"class":54},[40,54249,50596],{"class":58},[40,54251,73],{"class":54},[40,54253,54254],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,54255,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,54257,54258,54260,54262,54264],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,54259,92],{"class":46},[40,54261,289],{"class":54},[40,54263,11152],{"class":91},[40,54265,8413],{"class":54},[40,54267,54268],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,54269,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,54271,54272,54274,54276,54278],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,54273,101],{"class":84},[40,54275,88],{"class":54},[40,54277,92],{"class":91},[40,54279,95],{"class":54},[20,54281,111],{},[31,54283,54284],{"className":33,"code":38053,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,54285,54286],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54287,54288],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54289,38053],{"class":54},[20,54291,385],{},[134,54293,54294,54299,54305],{},[137,54295,54296,54298],{},[15,54297,92],{}," starts with four items",[137,54300,54301,54304],{},[15,54302,54303],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[137,54306,54307],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54309,54310,54311,289],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[282,54312,623],{"href":54313},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[129,54315,17184],{"id":17183},[20,54317,54318,398,54320,289],{},[15,54319,11090],{},[15,54321,3565],{},[20,54323,181,54324,52413],{},[183,54325,185],{},[31,54327,54329],{"className":33,"code":54328,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54330,54331,54363,54367,54381,54385,54398],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54332,54333,54335,54337,54339,54341,54343,54345,54347,54349,54351,54353,54355,54357,54359,54361],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54334,479],{"class":46},[40,54336,51],{"class":50},[40,54338,55],{"class":54},[40,54340,213],{"class":212},[40,54342,282],{"class":216},[40,54344,213],{"class":212},[40,54346,62],{"class":54},[40,54348,224],{"class":212},[40,54350,1017],{"class":216},[40,54352,213],{"class":212},[40,54354,62],{"class":54},[40,54356,224],{"class":212},[40,54358,1026],{"class":216},[40,54360,213],{"class":212},[40,54362,73],{"class":54},[40,54364,54365],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,54366,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,54368,54369,54371,54373,54375,54377,54379],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,54370,2013],{"class":46},[40,54372,51],{"class":50},[40,54374,5742],{"class":46},[40,54376,289],{"class":54},[40,54378,11152],{"class":91},[40,54380,8413],{"class":54},[40,54382,54383],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,54384,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,54386,54387,54389,54391,54393,54395],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,54388,101],{"class":84},[40,54390,88],{"class":54},[40,54392,497],{"class":91},[40,54394,18],{"class":54},[40,54396,54397],{"class":3449},"   # []\n",[40,54399,54400,54402,54404,54406,54408],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,54401,101],{"class":84},[40,54403,88],{"class":54},[40,54405,2048],{"class":91},[40,54407,18],{"class":54},[40,54409,20637],{"class":3449},[20,54411,54412],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[31,54414,54416],{"className":33,"code":54415,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54417,54418,54438,54452],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54419,54420,54422,54424,54426,54428,54430,54432,54434,54436],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54421,479],{"class":46},[40,54423,51],{"class":50},[40,54425,55],{"class":54},[40,54427,658],{"class":58},[40,54429,62],{"class":54},[40,54431,663],{"class":58},[40,54433,62],{"class":54},[40,54435,749],{"class":58},[40,54437,73],{"class":54},[40,54439,54440,54442,54444,54446,54448,54450],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,54441,479],{"class":46},[40,54443,51],{"class":50},[40,54445,5742],{"class":46},[40,54447,289],{"class":54},[40,54449,11152],{"class":91},[40,54451,8413],{"class":54},[40,54453,54454,54456,54458,54460],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,54455,101],{"class":84},[40,54457,88],{"class":54},[40,54459,497],{"class":91},[40,54461,95],{"class":54},[20,54463,11685,54464,41908,54466,54468],{},[15,54465,497],{},[15,54467,3565],{},", not an empty list.",[129,54470,54472,54474,54475],{"id":54471},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54473,11090],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54476,3574],{},[20,54478,54479],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[31,54481,54482],{"className":33,"code":54193,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,54483,54484],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54485,54486,54488,54490,54492],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54487,1272],{"class":46},[40,54489,289],{"class":54},[40,54491,11152],{"class":91},[40,54493,8413],{"class":54},[31,54495,54497],{"className":33,"code":54496,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = []\n",[15,54498,54499],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54500,54501,54503,54505],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54502,8079],{"class":46},[40,54504,51],{"class":50},[40,54506,484],{"class":54},[792,54508,54510,54512],{"id":54509},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54511,11090],{}," empties the same list object",[31,54514,54516],{"className":33,"code":54515,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54517,54518,54538,54546,54550,54560,54564,54576],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54519,54520,54522,54524,54526,54528,54530,54532,54534,54536],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54521,1384],{"class":46},[40,54523,51],{"class":50},[40,54525,55],{"class":54},[40,54527,658],{"class":58},[40,54529,62],{"class":54},[40,54531,663],{"class":58},[40,54533,62],{"class":54},[40,54535,749],{"class":58},[40,54537,73],{"class":54},[40,54539,54540,54542,54544],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,54541,1405],{"class":46},[40,54543,51],{"class":50},[40,54545,35931],{"class":46},[40,54547,54548],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,54549,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,54551,54552,54554,54556,54558],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,54553,282],{"class":46},[40,54555,289],{"class":54},[40,54557,11152],{"class":91},[40,54559,8413],{"class":54},[40,54561,54562],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,54563,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,54565,54566,54568,54570,54572,54574],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,54567,101],{"class":84},[40,54569,88],{"class":54},[40,54571,282],{"class":91},[40,54573,18],{"class":54},[40,54575,54149],{"class":3449},[40,54577,54578,54580,54582,54584,54586],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,54579,101],{"class":84},[40,54581,88],{"class":54},[40,54583,1017],{"class":91},[40,54585,18],{"class":54},[40,54587,54149],{"class":3449},[20,54589,10360,54590,4176,54592,54594],{},[15,54591,282],{},[15,54593,1017],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[792,54596,54598,54601],{"id":54597},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54599,54600],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[31,54603,54605],{"className":33,"code":54604,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54606,54607,54627,54635,54639,54647,54651,54663],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54608,54609,54611,54613,54615,54617,54619,54621,54623,54625],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54610,1384],{"class":46},[40,54612,51],{"class":50},[40,54614,55],{"class":54},[40,54616,658],{"class":58},[40,54618,62],{"class":54},[40,54620,663],{"class":58},[40,54622,62],{"class":54},[40,54624,749],{"class":58},[40,54626,73],{"class":54},[40,54628,54629,54631,54633],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,54630,1405],{"class":46},[40,54632,51],{"class":50},[40,54634,35931],{"class":46},[40,54636,54637],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,54638,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,54640,54641,54643,54645],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,54642,1384],{"class":46},[40,54644,51],{"class":50},[40,54646,484],{"class":54},[40,54648,54649],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,54650,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,54652,54653,54655,54657,54659,54661],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,54654,101],{"class":84},[40,54656,88],{"class":54},[40,54658,282],{"class":91},[40,54660,18],{"class":54},[40,54662,54149],{"class":3449},[40,54664,54665,54667,54669,54671,54673],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,54666,101],{"class":84},[40,54668,88],{"class":54},[40,54670,1017],{"class":91},[40,54672,18],{"class":54},[40,54674,54675],{"class":3449},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54677,20532,54678,54680,54681,54683],{},[15,54679,282],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54682,1017],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54685,54686],{},"This difference matters when:",[134,54688,54689,54692,54695],{},[137,54690,54691],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[137,54693,54694],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[137,54696,54697],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54699,54700,54701,289],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[282,54702,54704,54705,10510],{"href":54703},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54706,12546],{},[129,54708,1345,54709],{"id":12207},[15,54710,11090],{},[20,54712,123,54713,6095],{},[15,54714,11090],{},[134,54716,54717,54720,54723],{},[137,54718,54719],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[137,54721,54722],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[137,54724,54725],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54727,195],{},[31,54729,54731],{"className":33,"code":54730,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54732,54733,54769,54773,54778,54789,54793],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54734,54735,54738,54740,54742,54744,54747,54749,54751,54753,54756,54758,54760,54762,54765,54767],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54736,54737],{"class":46},"shopping_cart ",[40,54739,51],{"class":50},[40,54741,55],{"class":54},[40,54743,213],{"class":212},[40,54745,54746],{"class":216},"milk",[40,54748,213],{"class":212},[40,54750,62],{"class":54},[40,54752,224],{"class":212},[40,54754,54755],{"class":216},"bread",[40,54757,213],{"class":212},[40,54759,62],{"class":54},[40,54761,224],{"class":212},[40,54763,54764],{"class":216},"eggs",[40,54766,213],{"class":212},[40,54768,73],{"class":54},[40,54770,54771],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,54772,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,54774,54775],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,54776,54777],{"class":3449},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[40,54779,54780,54783,54785,54787],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,54781,54782],{"class":46},"shopping_cart",[40,54784,289],{"class":54},[40,54786,11152],{"class":91},[40,54788,8413],{"class":54},[40,54790,54791],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,54792,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,54794,54795,54797,54799,54801,54803],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,54796,101],{"class":84},[40,54798,88],{"class":54},[40,54800,54782],{"class":91},[40,54802,18],{"class":54},[40,54804,54149],{"class":3449},[20,54806,54807,54808,54812,54813,54819,54820,289],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[282,54809,54811],{"href":54810},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[282,54814,54816,10510],{"href":54815},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54817,54818],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[282,54821,54823,10510],{"href":54822},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54824,54825],{},"list.pop()",[129,54827,790],{"id":789},[792,54829,54831,54832,799,54835],{"id":54830},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54833,54834],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54836,54837],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54839,54840],{},"This does not call the method.",[31,54842,54844],{"className":33,"code":54843,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54845,54846,54866,54870,54879],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54847,54848,54850,54852,54854,54856,54858,54860,54862,54864],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54849,479],{"class":46},[40,54851,51],{"class":50},[40,54853,55],{"class":54},[40,54855,658],{"class":58},[40,54857,62],{"class":54},[40,54859,663],{"class":58},[40,54861,62],{"class":54},[40,54863,749],{"class":58},[40,54865,73],{"class":54},[40,54867,54868],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,54869,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,54871,54872,54874,54876],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,54873,497],{"class":46},[40,54875,289],{"class":54},[40,54877,54878],{"class":24512},"clear\n",[40,54880,54881,54883,54885,54887],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,54882,101],{"class":84},[40,54884,88],{"class":54},[40,54886,497],{"class":91},[40,54888,95],{"class":54},[20,54890,111],{},[31,54892,54894],{"className":33,"code":54893,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54895,54896],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54897,54898,54900,54902,54904,54906,54908,54910],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54899,565],{"class":54},[40,54901,658],{"class":58},[40,54903,62],{"class":54},[40,54905,663],{"class":58},[40,54907,62],{"class":54},[40,54909,749],{"class":58},[40,54911,73],{"class":54},[20,54913,54914],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54916,10577],{},[31,54918,54920],{"className":33,"code":54919,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54921,54922,54942,54946,54956],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54923,54924,54926,54928,54930,54932,54934,54936,54938,54940],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54925,479],{"class":46},[40,54927,51],{"class":50},[40,54929,55],{"class":54},[40,54931,658],{"class":58},[40,54933,62],{"class":54},[40,54935,663],{"class":58},[40,54937,62],{"class":54},[40,54939,749],{"class":58},[40,54941,73],{"class":54},[40,54943,54944],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,54945,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,54947,54948,54950,54952,54954],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,54949,497],{"class":46},[40,54951,289],{"class":54},[40,54953,11152],{"class":91},[40,54955,8413],{"class":54},[40,54957,54958,54960,54962,54964,54966],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,54959,101],{"class":84},[40,54961,88],{"class":54},[40,54963,497],{"class":91},[40,54965,18],{"class":54},[40,54967,54149],{"class":3449},[792,54969,8223,54971,54973],{"id":54970},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54972,11090],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54975,54976,398,54978,54980],{},[15,54977,11090],{},[15,54979,3565],{},", not the list.",[31,54982,54984],{"className":33,"code":54983,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54985,54986,55006,55020,55024,55036],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,54987,54988,54990,54992,54994,54996,54998,55000,55002,55004],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,54989,479],{"class":46},[40,54991,51],{"class":50},[40,54993,55],{"class":54},[40,54995,658],{"class":58},[40,54997,62],{"class":54},[40,54999,663],{"class":58},[40,55001,62],{"class":54},[40,55003,749],{"class":58},[40,55005,73],{"class":54},[40,55007,55008,55010,55012,55014,55016,55018],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,55009,2013],{"class":46},[40,55011,51],{"class":50},[40,55013,5742],{"class":46},[40,55015,289],{"class":54},[40,55017,11152],{"class":91},[40,55019,8413],{"class":54},[40,55021,55022],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,55023,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,55025,55026,55028,55030,55032,55034],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,55027,101],{"class":84},[40,55029,88],{"class":54},[40,55031,2048],{"class":91},[40,55033,18],{"class":54},[40,55035,20637],{"class":3449},[40,55037,55038,55040,55042,55044,55046],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,55039,101],{"class":84},[40,55041,88],{"class":54},[40,55043,497],{"class":91},[40,55045,18],{"class":54},[40,55047,54397],{"class":3449},[792,55049,795,55051,55053],{"id":55050},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55052,11090],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55055,55056,55057,55059],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55058,11090],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55061,55062],{},"This will fail:",[31,55064,55066],{"className":33,"code":55065,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55067,55068,55080],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55069,55070,55072,55074,55076,55078],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55071,34450],{"class":46},[40,55073,51],{"class":50},[40,55075,224],{"class":212},[40,55077,3632],{"class":216},[40,55079,3146],{"class":212},[40,55081,55082,55084,55086,55088],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,55083,34471],{"class":46},[40,55085,289],{"class":54},[40,55087,11152],{"class":91},[40,55089,8413],{"class":54},[20,55091,55092,55093,33362],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55094,11090],{},[20,55096,55097,55098,55100],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55099,3565],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55102,55103],{},"Useful checks:",[31,55105,55107],{"className":33,"code":55106,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55108,55109,55119,55133,55147,55156,55166],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55110,55111,55113,55115,55117],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55112,101],{"class":84},[40,55114,88],{"class":54},[40,55116,1272],{"class":91},[40,55118,95],{"class":54},[40,55120,55121,55123,55125,55127,55129,55131],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,55122,101],{"class":84},[40,55124,88],{"class":54},[40,55126,1297],{"class":609},[40,55128,88],{"class":54},[40,55130,1272],{"class":91},[40,55132,256],{"class":54},[40,55134,55135,55137,55139,55141,55143,55145],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,55136,101],{"class":84},[40,55138,88],{"class":54},[40,55140,12419],{"class":84},[40,55142,88],{"class":54},[40,55144,1272],{"class":91},[40,55146,256],{"class":54},[40,55148,55149,55151,55153],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,55150,43301],{"class":46},[40,55152,51],{"class":50},[40,55154,55155],{"class":46}," my_list\n",[40,55157,55158,55160,55162,55164],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,55159,1272],{"class":46},[40,55161,289],{"class":54},[40,55163,11152],{"class":91},[40,55165,8413],{"class":54},[40,55167,55168,55170,55172,55174],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,55169,101],{"class":84},[40,55171,88],{"class":54},[40,55173,30503],{"class":91},[40,55175,95],{"class":54},[20,55177,55178],{},"These can help you see:",[134,55180,55181,55184,55187],{},[137,55182,55183],{},"What the variable currently contains",[137,55185,55186],{},"Whether it is really a list",[137,55188,55189],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55191,55192,55193,289],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[282,55194,55195],{"href":54039},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[129,55197,1636],{"id":1635},[792,55199,12474,55201,55203],{"id":55200},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55202,54092],{}," delete the list?",[20,55205,55206],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[792,55208,12474,55210,55212],{"id":55209},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55211,54092],{}," return a new list?",[20,55214,55215,55216,55218],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55217,3565],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[792,55220,4957,55222,4176,55224,2275],{"id":55221},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55223,11090],{},[15,55225,54600],{},[20,55227,55228,55230,55231,55233],{},[15,55229,11090],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55232,54600],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[792,55235,1671,55237,55239],{"id":55236},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55238,11090],{}," on other types?",[20,55241,55242,55243,55245],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55244,11090],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[129,55247,1687],{"id":1686},[134,55249,55250,55254,55259,55266,55273,55279],{},[137,55251,55252],{},[282,55253,623],{"href":54313},[137,55255,55256],{},[282,55257,55258],{"href":54810},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[137,55260,55261],{},[282,55262,55263,55264,10510],{"href":54822},"Python list ",[15,55265,12532],{},[137,55267,55268],{},[282,55269,55263,55270,10510],{"href":54815},[15,55271,55272],{},"remove()",[137,55274,55275],{},[282,55276,55263,55277,10510],{"href":54703},[15,55278,12546],{},[137,55280,55281],{},[282,55282,30107,55283,33395],{"href":54039},[15,55284,55285],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1715,55287,55288],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":55290},[55291,55292,55294,55295,55296,55297,55304,55305,55313,55323],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":54157,"depth":76,"text":55293},"What list.clear() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":17183,"depth":76,"text":17184},{"id":54471,"depth":76,"text":55298,"children":55299},"clear() vs assigning []",[55300,55302],{"id":54509,"depth":98,"text":55301},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54597,"depth":98,"text":55303},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12207,"depth":76,"text":12578},{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":55306},[55307,55309,55311],{"id":54830,"depth":98,"text":55308},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54970,"depth":98,"text":55310},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55050,"depth":98,"text":55312},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":55314},[55315,55317,55319,55321],{"id":55200,"depth":98,"text":55316},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55209,"depth":98,"text":55318},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55221,"depth":98,"text":55320},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55236,"depth":98,"text":55322},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54079,"description":55324},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55331,"title":55332,"body":55333,"description":57017,"extension":1746,"meta":57018,"navigation":360,"path":57019,"seo":57020,"stem":57021,"__hash__":57022},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55334,"toc":56985},[55335,55340,55346,55354,55356,55445,55452,55457,55461,55475,55477,55554,55556,55617,55620,55622,55624,55645,55648,55662,55665,55710,55712,55720,55723,55729,55735,55738,55815,55817,55862,55865,55870,55953,55955,55996,56001,56005,56011,56013,56021,56024,56116,56118,56176,56179,56195,56200,56210,56215,56217,56222,56227,56230,56232,56289,56292,56345,56351,56356,56360,56377,56379,56463,56465,56506,56514,56516,56521,56527,56529,56592,56597,56667,56671,56706,56709,56711,56750,56754,56830,56836,56842,56847,56869,56872,56891,56899,56901,56907,56910,56917,56925,56930,56933,56937,56943,56951,56954,56956,56982],[10,55336,54085,55338,11091],{"id":55337},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55339,12546],{},[20,55341,55342,55345],{},[15,55343,55344],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55347,55348,55349,13821,55351,55353],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55350,51],{},[183,55352,185],{}," make a real copy.",[129,55355,1787],{"id":1786},[31,55357,55359],{"className":33,"code":55358,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55360,55361,55381,55396,55400,55415,55419,55432],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55362,55363,55365,55367,55369,55371,55373,55375,55377,55379],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55364,47],{"class":46},[40,55366,51],{"class":50},[40,55368,55],{"class":54},[40,55370,658],{"class":58},[40,55372,62],{"class":54},[40,55374,663],{"class":58},[40,55376,62],{"class":54},[40,55378,749],{"class":58},[40,55380,73],{"class":54},[40,55382,55383,55386,55388,55390,55392,55394],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,55384,55385],{"class":46},"new_numbers ",[40,55387,51],{"class":50},[40,55389,4045],{"class":46},[40,55391,289],{"class":54},[40,55393,12680],{"class":91},[40,55395,8413],{"class":54},[40,55397,55398],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,55399,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,55401,55402,55405,55407,55409,55411,55413],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,55403,55404],{"class":46},"new_numbers",[40,55406,289],{"class":54},[40,55408,13320],{"class":91},[40,55410,88],{"class":54},[40,55412,2288],{"class":58},[40,55414,95],{"class":54},[40,55416,55417],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,55418,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,55420,55421,55423,55425,55427,55429],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,55422,101],{"class":84},[40,55424,88],{"class":54},[40,55426,92],{"class":91},[40,55428,18],{"class":54},[40,55430,55431],{"class":3449},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[40,55433,55434,55436,55438,55440,55442],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,55435,101],{"class":84},[40,55437,88],{"class":54},[40,55439,55404],{"class":91},[40,55441,18],{"class":54},[40,55443,55444],{"class":3449},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55446,123,55447,55449,55450,289],{},[15,55448,55344],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[183,55451,12620],{},[129,55453,158,55455,3466],{"id":55454},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55456,55344],{},[20,55458,55459,2669],{},[15,55460,55344],{},[134,55462,55463,55466,55469,55472],{},[137,55464,55465],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[137,55467,55468],{},"Returns that new list",[137,55470,55471],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[137,55473,55474],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55476,195],{},[31,55478,55480],{"className":33,"code":55479,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55481,55482,55514,55529,55533,55543],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55483,55484,55486,55488,55490,55492,55494,55496,55498,55500,55502,55504,55506,55508,55510,55512],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55485,35995],{"class":46},[40,55487,51],{"class":50},[40,55489,55],{"class":54},[40,55491,213],{"class":212},[40,55493,3862],{"class":216},[40,55495,213],{"class":212},[40,55497,62],{"class":54},[40,55499,224],{"class":212},[40,55501,3871],{"class":216},[40,55503,213],{"class":212},[40,55505,62],{"class":54},[40,55507,224],{"class":212},[40,55509,32982],{"class":216},[40,55511,213],{"class":212},[40,55513,73],{"class":54},[40,55515,55516,55519,55521,55523,55525,55527],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,55517,55518],{"class":46},"copied_fruits ",[40,55520,51],{"class":50},[40,55522,52596],{"class":46},[40,55524,289],{"class":54},[40,55526,12680],{"class":91},[40,55528,8413],{"class":54},[40,55530,55531],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,55532,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,55534,55535,55537,55539,55541],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,55536,101],{"class":84},[40,55538,88],{"class":54},[40,55540,36047],{"class":91},[40,55542,95],{"class":54},[40,55544,55545,55547,55549,55552],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,55546,101],{"class":84},[40,55548,88],{"class":54},[40,55550,55551],{"class":91},"copied_fruits",[40,55553,95],{"class":54},[20,55555,111],{},[31,55557,55559],{"className":33,"code":55558,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55560,55561,55589],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55562,55563,55565,55567,55569,55571,55573,55575,55577,55579,55581,55583,55585,55587],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55564,565],{"class":54},[40,55566,3087],{"class":212},[40,55568,3862],{"class":216},[40,55570,3087],{"class":212},[40,55572,62],{"class":54},[40,55574,3082],{"class":212},[40,55576,3871],{"class":216},[40,55578,3087],{"class":212},[40,55580,62],{"class":54},[40,55582,3082],{"class":212},[40,55584,32982],{"class":216},[40,55586,3087],{"class":212},[40,55588,73],{"class":54},[40,55590,55591,55593,55595,55597,55599,55601,55603,55605,55607,55609,55611,55613,55615],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,55592,565],{"class":54},[40,55594,3087],{"class":212},[40,55596,3862],{"class":216},[40,55598,3087],{"class":212},[40,55600,62],{"class":54},[40,55602,3082],{"class":212},[40,55604,3871],{"class":216},[40,55606,3087],{"class":212},[40,55608,62],{"class":54},[40,55610,3082],{"class":212},[40,55612,32982],{"class":216},[40,55614,3087],{"class":212},[40,55616,73],{"class":54},[20,55618,55619],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[129,55621,1940],{"id":1939},[20,55623,1943],{},[31,55625,55627],{"className":33,"code":55626,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55628,55629],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55630,55631,55634,55636,55639,55641,55643],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55632,55633],{"class":46},"new_list ",[40,55635,51],{"class":50},[40,55637,55638],{"class":46}," old_list",[40,55640,289],{"class":54},[40,55642,12680],{"class":91},[40,55644,8413],{"class":54},[20,55646,55647],{},"How it works:",[134,55649,55650,55656,55659],{},[137,55651,55652,55653,55655],{},"Call ",[15,55654,12546],{}," on an existing list",[137,55657,55658],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[137,55660,55661],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55663,55664],{},"Example with an empty list:",[31,55666,55668],{"className":33,"code":55667,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55669,55670,55679,55695,55699],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55671,55672,55675,55677],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55673,55674],{"class":46},"empty_list ",[40,55676,51],{"class":50},[40,55678,484],{"class":54},[40,55680,55681,55684,55686,55689,55691,55693],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,55682,55683],{"class":46},"new_empty_list ",[40,55685,51],{"class":50},[40,55687,55688],{"class":46}," empty_list",[40,55690,289],{"class":54},[40,55692,12680],{"class":91},[40,55694,8413],{"class":54},[40,55696,55697],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,55698,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,55700,55701,55703,55705,55708],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,55702,101],{"class":84},[40,55704,88],{"class":54},[40,55706,55707],{"class":91},"new_empty_list",[40,55709,95],{"class":54},[20,55711,111],{},[31,55713,55714],{"className":33,"code":38053,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,55715,55716],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55717,55718],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55719,38053],{"class":54},[20,55721,55722],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[129,55724,55726,55727],{"id":55725},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55728,51],{},[20,55730,795,55731,13821,55733,52413],{},[15,55732,51],{},[183,55734,185],{},[20,55736,55737],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[31,55739,55741],{"className":33,"code":55740,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55742,55743,55763,55772,55776,55791,55795,55805],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55744,55745,55747,55749,55751,55753,55755,55757,55759,55761],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55746,47],{"class":46},[40,55748,51],{"class":50},[40,55750,55],{"class":54},[40,55752,658],{"class":58},[40,55754,62],{"class":54},[40,55756,663],{"class":58},[40,55758,62],{"class":54},[40,55760,749],{"class":58},[40,55762,73],{"class":54},[40,55764,55765,55768,55770],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,55766,55767],{"class":46},"same_list ",[40,55769,51],{"class":50},[40,55771,43734],{"class":46},[40,55773,55774],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,55775,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,55777,55778,55781,55783,55785,55787,55789],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,55779,55780],{"class":46},"same_list",[40,55782,289],{"class":54},[40,55784,13320],{"class":91},[40,55786,88],{"class":54},[40,55788,2288],{"class":58},[40,55790,95],{"class":54},[40,55792,55793],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,55794,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,55796,55797,55799,55801,55803],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,55798,101],{"class":84},[40,55800,88],{"class":54},[40,55802,92],{"class":91},[40,55804,95],{"class":54},[40,55806,55807,55809,55811,55813],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,55808,101],{"class":84},[40,55810,88],{"class":54},[40,55812,55780],{"class":91},[40,55814,95],{"class":54},[20,55816,111],{},[31,55818,55820],{"className":33,"code":55819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55821,55822,55842],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55823,55824,55826,55828,55830,55832,55834,55836,55838,55840],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55825,565],{"class":54},[40,55827,658],{"class":58},[40,55829,62],{"class":54},[40,55831,663],{"class":58},[40,55833,62],{"class":54},[40,55835,749],{"class":58},[40,55837,62],{"class":54},[40,55839,675],{"class":58},[40,55841,73],{"class":54},[40,55843,55844,55846,55848,55850,55852,55854,55856,55858,55860],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,55845,565],{"class":54},[40,55847,658],{"class":58},[40,55849,62],{"class":54},[40,55851,663],{"class":58},[40,55853,62],{"class":54},[40,55855,749],{"class":58},[40,55857,62],{"class":54},[40,55859,675],{"class":58},[40,55861,73],{"class":54},[20,55863,55864],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55866,55867,55868,2669],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55869,12546],{},[31,55871,55873],{"className":33,"code":55872,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55874,55875,55895,55910,55914,55929,55933,55943],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55876,55877,55879,55881,55883,55885,55887,55889,55891,55893],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55878,47],{"class":46},[40,55880,51],{"class":50},[40,55882,55],{"class":54},[40,55884,658],{"class":58},[40,55886,62],{"class":54},[40,55888,663],{"class":58},[40,55890,62],{"class":54},[40,55892,749],{"class":58},[40,55894,73],{"class":54},[40,55896,55897,55900,55902,55904,55906,55908],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,55898,55899],{"class":46},"copied_numbers ",[40,55901,51],{"class":50},[40,55903,4045],{"class":46},[40,55905,289],{"class":54},[40,55907,12680],{"class":91},[40,55909,8413],{"class":54},[40,55911,55912],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,55913,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,55915,55916,55919,55921,55923,55925,55927],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,55917,55918],{"class":46},"copied_numbers",[40,55920,289],{"class":54},[40,55922,13320],{"class":91},[40,55924,88],{"class":54},[40,55926,2288],{"class":58},[40,55928,95],{"class":54},[40,55930,55931],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,55932,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,55934,55935,55937,55939,55941],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,55936,101],{"class":84},[40,55938,88],{"class":54},[40,55940,92],{"class":91},[40,55942,95],{"class":54},[40,55944,55945,55947,55949,55951],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,55946,101],{"class":84},[40,55948,88],{"class":54},[40,55950,55918],{"class":91},[40,55952,95],{"class":54},[20,55954,111],{},[31,55956,55958],{"className":33,"code":55957,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55959,55960,55976],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,55961,55962,55964,55966,55968,55970,55972,55974],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,55963,565],{"class":54},[40,55965,658],{"class":58},[40,55967,62],{"class":54},[40,55969,663],{"class":58},[40,55971,62],{"class":54},[40,55973,749],{"class":58},[40,55975,73],{"class":54},[40,55977,55978,55980,55982,55984,55986,55988,55990,55992,55994],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,55979,565],{"class":54},[40,55981,658],{"class":58},[40,55983,62],{"class":54},[40,55985,663],{"class":58},[40,55987,62],{"class":54},[40,55989,749],{"class":58},[40,55991,62],{"class":54},[40,55993,675],{"class":58},[40,55995,73],{"class":54},[20,55997,55998,55999,289],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[282,56000,623],{"href":622},[129,56002,56004],{"id":56003},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56006,56007,12617,56009,289],{},[15,56008,55344],{},[183,56010,12620],{},[20,56012,1890],{},[134,56014,56015,56018],{},[137,56016,56017],{},"The outer list is new",[137,56019,56020],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56022,56023],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[31,56025,56027],{"className":33,"code":56026,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56028,56029,56055,56069,56073,56092,56096,56106],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56030,56031,56033,56035,56037,56039,56041,56043,56045,56047,56049,56051,56053],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56032,11855],{"class":46},[40,56034,51],{"class":50},[40,56036,655],{"class":54},[40,56038,658],{"class":58},[40,56040,62],{"class":54},[40,56042,663],{"class":58},[40,56044,666],{"class":54},[40,56046,55],{"class":54},[40,56048,401],{"class":58},[40,56050,62],{"class":54},[40,56052,675],{"class":58},[40,56054,690],{"class":54},[40,56056,56057,56059,56061,56063,56065,56067],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,56058,14079],{"class":46},[40,56060,51],{"class":50},[40,56062,11930],{"class":46},[40,56064,289],{"class":54},[40,56066,12680],{"class":91},[40,56068,8413],{"class":54},[40,56070,56071],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,56072,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,56074,56075,56077,56079,56081,56083,56085,56087,56090],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,56076,14098],{"class":46},[40,56078,565],{"class":54},[40,56080,192],{"class":58},[40,56082,13317],{"class":54},[40,56084,13320],{"class":91},[40,56086,88],{"class":54},[40,56088,56089],{"class":58},"99",[40,56091,95],{"class":54},[40,56093,56094],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,56095,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,56097,56098,56100,56102,56104],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,56099,101],{"class":84},[40,56101,88],{"class":54},[40,56103,11902],{"class":91},[40,56105,95],{"class":54},[40,56107,56108,56110,56112,56114],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,56109,101],{"class":84},[40,56111,88],{"class":54},[40,56113,14098],{"class":91},[40,56115,95],{"class":54},[20,56117,111],{},[31,56119,56121],{"className":33,"code":56120,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56122,56123,56150],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56124,56125,56128,56130,56132,56134,56136,56138,56140,56142,56144,56146,56148],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56126,56127],{"class":54},"[[",[40,56129,658],{"class":58},[40,56131,62],{"class":54},[40,56133,663],{"class":58},[40,56135,62],{"class":54},[40,56137,9966],{"class":58},[40,56139,666],{"class":54},[40,56141,55],{"class":54},[40,56143,401],{"class":58},[40,56145,62],{"class":54},[40,56147,675],{"class":58},[40,56149,690],{"class":54},[40,56151,56152,56154,56156,56158,56160,56162,56164,56166,56168,56170,56172,56174],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,56153,56127],{"class":54},[40,56155,658],{"class":58},[40,56157,62],{"class":54},[40,56159,663],{"class":58},[40,56161,62],{"class":54},[40,56163,9966],{"class":58},[40,56165,666],{"class":54},[40,56167,55],{"class":54},[40,56169,401],{"class":58},[40,56171,62],{"class":54},[40,56173,675],{"class":58},[40,56175,690],{"class":54},[20,56177,56178],{},"Why did both change?",[134,56180,56181,56188],{},[137,56182,56183,4176,56185,56187],{},[15,56184,11902],{},[15,56186,14098],{}," are different outer lists",[137,56189,56190,56191,56194],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56192,56193],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56196,53397,56197,56199],{},[15,56198,12546],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[134,56201,56202,56205,56208],{},[137,56203,56204],{},"Numbers",[137,56206,56207],{},"Strings",[137,56209,40350],{},[20,56211,56212,56213,289],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[282,56214,13558],{"href":13557},[129,56216,17184],{"id":17183},[20,56218,56219,56221],{},[15,56220,55344],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56223,181,56224,56226],{},[183,56225,185],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56228,56229],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56231,850],{},[31,56233,56235],{"className":33,"code":56234,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56236,56237,56261,56275,56279],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56238,56239,56241,56243,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253,56255,56257,56259],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56240,309],{"class":46},[40,56242,51],{"class":50},[40,56244,55],{"class":54},[40,56246,213],{"class":212},[40,56248,318],{"class":216},[40,56250,213],{"class":212},[40,56252,62],{"class":54},[40,56254,224],{"class":212},[40,56256,336],{"class":216},[40,56258,213],{"class":212},[40,56260,73],{"class":54},[40,56262,56263,56265,56267,56269,56271,56273],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,56264,12885],{"class":46},[40,56266,51],{"class":50},[40,56268,12890],{"class":46},[40,56270,289],{"class":54},[40,56272,12680],{"class":91},[40,56274,8413],{"class":54},[40,56276,56277],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,56278,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,56280,56281,56283,56285,56287],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,56282,101],{"class":84},[40,56284,88],{"class":54},[40,56286,12909],{"class":91},[40,56288,95],{"class":54},[20,56290,56291],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[31,56293,56295],{"className":33,"code":56294,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56296,56297,56321,56331,56335],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56298,56299,56301,56303,56305,56307,56309,56311,56313,56315,56317,56319],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56300,309],{"class":46},[40,56302,51],{"class":50},[40,56304,55],{"class":54},[40,56306,213],{"class":212},[40,56308,318],{"class":216},[40,56310,213],{"class":212},[40,56312,62],{"class":54},[40,56314,224],{"class":212},[40,56316,336],{"class":216},[40,56318,213],{"class":212},[40,56320,73],{"class":54},[40,56322,56323,56325,56327,56329],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,56324,353],{"class":46},[40,56326,289],{"class":54},[40,56328,12680],{"class":91},[40,56330,8413],{"class":54},[40,56332,56333],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,56334,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,56336,56337,56339,56341,56343],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,56338,101],{"class":84},[40,56340,88],{"class":54},[40,56342,353],{"class":91},[40,56344,95],{"class":54},[20,56346,56347,56348,56350],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56349,12546],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[129,56352,1345,56354],{"id":56353},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56355,55344],{},[20,56357,123,56358,10371],{},[15,56359,55344],{},[134,56361,56362,56365,56368,56371],{},[137,56363,56364],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[137,56366,56367],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[137,56369,56370],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[137,56372,56373,56374],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56375,56376],{},"[:]",[20,56378,195],{},[31,56380,56382],{"className":33,"code":56381,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56383,56384,56404,56419,56423,56438,56442,56452],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56385,56386,56388,56390,56392,56394,56396,56398,56400,56402],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56387,4842],{"class":46},[40,56389,51],{"class":50},[40,56391,55],{"class":54},[40,56393,59],{"class":58},[40,56395,62],{"class":54},[40,56397,65],{"class":58},[40,56399,62],{"class":54},[40,56401,70],{"class":58},[40,56403,73],{"class":54},[40,56405,56406,56409,56411,56413,56415,56417],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,56407,56408],{"class":46},"backup_scores ",[40,56410,51],{"class":50},[40,56412,4889],{"class":46},[40,56414,289],{"class":54},[40,56416,12680],{"class":91},[40,56418,8413],{"class":54},[40,56420,56421],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,56422,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,56424,56425,56427,56429,56431,56433,56436],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,56426,16156],{"class":46},[40,56428,289],{"class":54},[40,56430,13320],{"class":91},[40,56432,88],{"class":54},[40,56434,56435],{"class":58},"40",[40,56437,95],{"class":54},[40,56439,56440],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,56441,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,56443,56444,56446,56448,56450],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,56445,101],{"class":84},[40,56447,88],{"class":54},[40,56449,16156],{"class":91},[40,56451,95],{"class":54},[40,56453,56454,56456,56458,56461],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,56455,101],{"class":84},[40,56457,88],{"class":54},[40,56459,56460],{"class":91},"backup_scores",[40,56462,95],{"class":54},[20,56464,111],{},[31,56466,56468],{"className":33,"code":56467,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56469,56470,56490],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56471,56472,56474,56476,56478,56480,56482,56484,56486,56488],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56473,565],{"class":54},[40,56475,59],{"class":58},[40,56477,62],{"class":54},[40,56479,65],{"class":58},[40,56481,62],{"class":54},[40,56483,70],{"class":58},[40,56485,62],{"class":54},[40,56487,50596],{"class":58},[40,56489,73],{"class":54},[40,56491,56492,56494,56496,56498,56500,56502,56504],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,56493,565],{"class":54},[40,56495,59],{"class":58},[40,56497,62],{"class":54},[40,56499,65],{"class":58},[40,56501,62],{"class":54},[40,56503,70],{"class":58},[40,56505,73],{"class":54},[20,56507,56508,56509,289],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[282,56510,55263,56512,10510],{"href":56511},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56513,52399],{},[129,56515,790],{"id":789},[20,56517,56518,56519,289],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56520,55344],{},[792,56522,795,56524,56526],{"id":56523},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56525,51],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56528,38953],{},[31,56530,56532],{"className":33,"code":56531,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56533,56534,56554,56562,56576,56580],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56535,56536,56538,56540,56542,56544,56546,56548,56550,56552],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56537,1384],{"class":46},[40,56539,51],{"class":50},[40,56541,55],{"class":54},[40,56543,658],{"class":58},[40,56545,62],{"class":54},[40,56547,663],{"class":58},[40,56549,62],{"class":54},[40,56551,749],{"class":58},[40,56553,73],{"class":54},[40,56555,56556,56558,56560],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,56557,1405],{"class":46},[40,56559,51],{"class":50},[40,56561,35931],{"class":46},[40,56563,56564,56566,56568,56570,56572,56574],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,56565,1017],{"class":46},[40,56567,289],{"class":54},[40,56569,13320],{"class":91},[40,56571,88],{"class":54},[40,56573,2288],{"class":58},[40,56575,95],{"class":54},[40,56577,56578],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,56579,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,56581,56582,56584,56586,56588,56590],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,56583,101],{"class":84},[40,56585,88],{"class":54},[40,56587,282],{"class":91},[40,56589,18],{"class":54},[40,56591,55444],{"class":3449},[20,56593,56594,56595,6409],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56596,12546],{},[31,56598,56600],{"className":33,"code":56599,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56601,56602,56622,56637,56651,56655],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56603,56604,56606,56608,56610,56612,56614,56616,56618,56620],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56605,1384],{"class":46},[40,56607,51],{"class":50},[40,56609,55],{"class":54},[40,56611,658],{"class":58},[40,56613,62],{"class":54},[40,56615,663],{"class":58},[40,56617,62],{"class":54},[40,56619,749],{"class":58},[40,56621,73],{"class":54},[40,56623,56624,56626,56628,56631,56633,56635],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,56625,1405],{"class":46},[40,56627,51],{"class":50},[40,56629,56630],{"class":46}," a",[40,56632,289],{"class":54},[40,56634,12680],{"class":91},[40,56636,8413],{"class":54},[40,56638,56639,56641,56643,56645,56647,56649],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,56640,1017],{"class":46},[40,56642,289],{"class":54},[40,56644,13320],{"class":91},[40,56646,88],{"class":54},[40,56648,2288],{"class":58},[40,56650,95],{"class":54},[40,56652,56653],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,56654,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,56656,56657,56659,56661,56663,56665],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,56658,101],{"class":84},[40,56660,88],{"class":54},[40,56662,282],{"class":91},[40,56664,18],{"class":54},[40,56666,54675],{"class":3449},[792,56668,56670],{"id":56669},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[31,56672,56674],{"className":33,"code":56673,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56675,56676,56696],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56677,56678,56680,56682,56684,56686,56688,56690,56692,56694],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56679,47],{"class":46},[40,56681,51],{"class":50},[40,56683,55],{"class":54},[40,56685,658],{"class":58},[40,56687,62],{"class":54},[40,56689,663],{"class":58},[40,56691,62],{"class":54},[40,56693,749],{"class":58},[40,56695,73],{"class":54},[40,56697,56698,56700,56702,56704],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,56699,92],{"class":46},[40,56701,289],{"class":54},[40,56703,12680],{"class":91},[40,56705,8413],{"class":54},[20,56707,56708],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56710,39016],{},[31,56712,56714],{"className":33,"code":56713,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56715,56716,56736],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56717,56718,56720,56722,56724,56726,56728,56730,56732,56734],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56719,47],{"class":46},[40,56721,51],{"class":50},[40,56723,55],{"class":54},[40,56725,658],{"class":58},[40,56727,62],{"class":54},[40,56729,663],{"class":58},[40,56731,62],{"class":54},[40,56733,749],{"class":58},[40,56735,73],{"class":54},[40,56737,56738,56740,56742,56744,56746,56748],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,56739,55899],{"class":46},[40,56741,51],{"class":50},[40,56743,4045],{"class":46},[40,56745,289],{"class":54},[40,56747,12680],{"class":91},[40,56749,8413],{"class":54},[792,56751,56753],{"id":56752},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[31,56755,56757],{"className":33,"code":56756,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56758,56759,56777,56791,56795,56813,56817],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56760,56761,56763,56765,56767,56769,56771,56773,56775],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56762,1384],{"class":46},[40,56764,51],{"class":50},[40,56766,655],{"class":54},[40,56768,658],{"class":58},[40,56770,666],{"class":54},[40,56772,55],{"class":54},[40,56774,744],{"class":58},[40,56776,690],{"class":54},[40,56778,56779,56781,56783,56785,56787,56789],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,56780,1405],{"class":46},[40,56782,51],{"class":50},[40,56784,56630],{"class":46},[40,56786,289],{"class":54},[40,56788,12680],{"class":91},[40,56790,8413],{"class":54},[40,56792,56793],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,56794,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,56796,56797,56799,56801,56803,56805,56807,56809,56811],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,56798,1017],{"class":46},[40,56800,565],{"class":54},[40,56802,192],{"class":58},[40,56804,13317],{"class":54},[40,56806,13320],{"class":91},[40,56808,88],{"class":54},[40,56810,56089],{"class":58},[40,56812,95],{"class":54},[40,56814,56815],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,56816,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,56818,56819,56821,56823,56825,56827],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,56820,101],{"class":84},[40,56822,88],{"class":54},[40,56824,282],{"class":91},[40,56826,18],{"class":54},[40,56828,56829],{"class":3449},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56831,56832,56833,56835],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56834,55344],{}," is shallow.",[792,56837,25379,56839,56841],{"id":56838},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56840,12546],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56843,56844,56846],{},[15,56845,12546],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[31,56848,56850],{"className":33,"code":56849,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56851,56852,56864],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56853,56854,56856,56858,56860,56862],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56855,7651],{"class":46},[40,56857,51],{"class":50},[40,56859,224],{"class":212},[40,56861,4783],{"class":216},[40,56863,3146],{"class":212},[40,56865,56866],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,56867,56868],{"class":3449},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56870,56871],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[31,56873,56875],{"className":33,"code":56874,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56876,56877],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,56878,56879,56881,56883,56885,56887,56889],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,56880,101],{"class":84},[40,56882,88],{"class":54},[40,56884,1297],{"class":609},[40,56886,88],{"class":54},[40,56888,7446],{"class":91},[40,56890,256],{"class":54},[20,56892,56893,56894,56898],{},"You can also review ",[282,56895,56897],{"href":56896},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[129,56900,1636],{"id":1635},[792,56902,12474,56904,56906],{"id":56903},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56905,55344],{}," change the original list?",[20,56908,56909],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[792,56911,4957,56913,4176,56915,2275],{"id":56912},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56914,55344],{},[15,56916,51],{},[20,56918,56919,56921,56922,56924],{},[15,56920,12546],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56923,51],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[792,56926,14671,56928,14674],{"id":56927},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56929,55344],{},[20,56931,56932],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[792,56934,56936],{"id":56935},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56938,41905,56939,56942],{},[15,56940,56941],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[792,56944,14671,56946,56948,56949,2275],{"id":56945},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56947,55344],{}," the same as ",[15,56950,56376],{},[20,56952,56953],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[129,56955,1687],{"id":1686},[134,56957,56958,56963,56967,56972,56978],{},[137,56959,56960],{},[282,56961,14733],{"href":56962},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[137,56964,56965],{},[282,56966,623],{"href":622},[137,56968,56969],{},[282,56970,56971],{"href":56896},"Creating a list in Python",[137,56973,56974],{},[282,56975,55263,56976,10510],{"href":56511},[15,56977,52399],{},[137,56979,56980],{},[282,56981,13558],{"href":13557},[1715,56983,56984],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":56986},[56987,56988,56990,56991,56993,56994,56995,56997,57005,57016],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":55454,"depth":76,"text":56989},"What list.copy() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":55725,"depth":76,"text":56992},"Why not use =",{"id":56003,"depth":76,"text":56004},{"id":17183,"depth":76,"text":17184},{"id":56353,"depth":76,"text":56996},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":56998},[56999,57001,57002,57003],{"id":56523,"depth":98,"text":57000},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56669,"depth":98,"text":56670},{"id":56752,"depth":98,"text":56753},{"id":56838,"depth":98,"text":57004},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":57006},[57007,57009,57011,57013,57014],{"id":56903,"depth":98,"text":57008},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56912,"depth":98,"text":57010},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56927,"depth":98,"text":57012},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56935,"depth":98,"text":56936},{"id":56945,"depth":98,"text":57015},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55332,"description":57017},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57024,"title":57025,"body":57026,"description":58766,"extension":1746,"meta":58767,"navigation":360,"path":58768,"seo":58769,"stem":58770,"__hash__":58771},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57027,"toc":58725},[57028,57034,57040,57043,57054,57057,57059,57122,57128,57133,57137,57151,57154,57159,57164,57166,57168,57187,57199,57201,57268,57270,57278,57283,57285,57293,57296,57313,57315,57439,57450,57454,57459,57462,57464,57482,57486,57572,57581,57589,57658,57660,57663,57675,57680,57684,57755,57758,57762,57766,57831,57833,57841,57845,57927,57929,57937,57941,58002,58004,58012,58016,58103,58105,58113,58118,58123,58126,58137,58139,58224,58229,58238,58240,58244,58248,58253,58315,58319,58327,58333,58342,58347,58396,58399,58420,58424,58486,58493,58498,58501,58588,58591,58602,58605,58625,58627,58633,58636,58640,58644,58650,58653,58659,58666,58674,58685,58687,58722],[10,57029,54085,57031,11091],{"id":57030},"python-list-count-method",[15,57032,57033],{},"count()",[20,57035,57036,57039],{},[15,57037,57038],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57041,57042],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[134,57044,57045,57048,57051],{},[137,57046,57047],{},"count one specific item",[137,57049,57050],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[137,57052,57053],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57055,57056],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[129,57058,3396],{"id":3395},[31,57060,57062],{"className":33,"code":57061,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57063,57064,57092,57110],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57065,57066,57068,57070,57072,57074,57076,57078,57080,57082,57084,57086,57088,57090],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57067,47],{"class":46},[40,57069,51],{"class":50},[40,57071,55],{"class":54},[40,57073,658],{"class":58},[40,57075,62],{"class":54},[40,57077,663],{"class":58},[40,57079,62],{"class":54},[40,57081,663],{"class":58},[40,57083,62],{"class":54},[40,57085,749],{"class":58},[40,57087,62],{"class":54},[40,57089,663],{"class":58},[40,57091,73],{"class":54},[40,57093,57094,57096,57098,57100,57102,57104,57106,57108],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,57095,2013],{"class":46},[40,57097,51],{"class":50},[40,57099,4045],{"class":46},[40,57101,289],{"class":54},[40,57103,106],{"class":91},[40,57105,88],{"class":54},[40,57107,744],{"class":58},[40,57109,95],{"class":54},[40,57111,57112,57114,57116,57118,57120],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,57113,101],{"class":84},[40,57115,88],{"class":54},[40,57117,2048],{"class":91},[40,57119,18],{"class":54},[40,57121,50523],{"class":3449},[20,57123,123,57124,57127],{},[15,57125,57126],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[129,57129,158,57131,3466],{"id":57130},"what-listcount-does",[15,57132,57038],{},[20,57134,57135,2669],{},[15,57136,57038],{},[134,57138,57139,57142,57145,57148],{},[137,57140,57141],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[137,57143,57144],{},"returns an integer",[137,57146,57147],{},"does not change the original list",[137,57149,57150],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57152,57153],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57155,57156,57157,289],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57158,401],{},[20,57160,57161,57162,289],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57163,192],{},[129,57165,1940],{"id":1939},[20,57167,1943],{},[31,57169,57171],{"className":33,"code":57170,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57172,57173],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57174,57175,57177,57179,57181,57183,57185],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57176,1272],{"class":46},[40,57178,289],{"class":54},[40,57180,106],{"class":91},[40,57182,88],{"class":54},[40,57184,2255],{"class":91},[40,57186,95],{"class":54},[134,57188,57189,57194],{},[137,57190,57191,57193],{},[15,57192,1272],{}," is the list you want to search",[137,57195,57196,57198],{},[15,57197,2255],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57200,195],{},[31,57202,57204],{"className":33,"code":57203,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57205,57206,57246],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57207,57208,57210,57212,57214,57216,57218,57220,57222,57224,57226,57228,57230,57232,57234,57236,57238,57240,57242,57244],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57209,1000],{"class":46},[40,57211,51],{"class":50},[40,57213,55],{"class":54},[40,57215,213],{"class":212},[40,57217,282],{"class":216},[40,57219,213],{"class":212},[40,57221,62],{"class":54},[40,57223,224],{"class":212},[40,57225,1017],{"class":216},[40,57227,213],{"class":212},[40,57229,62],{"class":54},[40,57231,224],{"class":212},[40,57233,282],{"class":216},[40,57235,213],{"class":212},[40,57237,62],{"class":54},[40,57239,224],{"class":212},[40,57241,1026],{"class":216},[40,57243,213],{"class":212},[40,57245,73],{"class":54},[40,57247,57248,57250,57252,57254,57256,57258,57260,57262,57264,57266],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,57249,101],{"class":84},[40,57251,88],{"class":54},[40,57253,1043],{"class":91},[40,57255,289],{"class":54},[40,57257,106],{"class":91},[40,57259,88],{"class":54},[40,57261,213],{"class":212},[40,57263,282],{"class":216},[40,57265,213],{"class":212},[40,57267,256],{"class":54},[20,57269,111],{},[31,57271,57272],{"className":33,"code":1489,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,57273,57274],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57275,57276],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57277,1489],{"class":58},[20,57279,57280,57281,289],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57282,192],{},[129,57284,37776],{"id":37775},[20,57286,57287,57288,57290,57291,289],{},"The return value from ",[15,57289,57033],{}," is always an ",[15,57292,1972],{},[20,57294,57295],{},"Possible results:",[134,57297,57298,57303,57308],{},[137,57299,57300,57302],{},[15,57301,192],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[137,57304,57305,57307],{},[15,57306,658],{}," if it appears once",[137,57309,57310,57312],{},[15,57311,744],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57314,195],{},[31,57316,57318],{"className":33,"code":57317,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57319,57320,57360,57364,57389,57414],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57321,57322,57324,57326,57328,57330,57332,57334,57336,57338,57340,57342,57344,57346,57348,57350,57352,57354,57356,57358],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57323,309],{"class":46},[40,57325,51],{"class":50},[40,57327,55],{"class":54},[40,57329,213],{"class":212},[40,57331,318],{"class":216},[40,57333,213],{"class":212},[40,57335,62],{"class":54},[40,57337,224],{"class":212},[40,57339,336],{"class":216},[40,57341,213],{"class":212},[40,57343,62],{"class":54},[40,57345,224],{"class":212},[40,57347,327],{"class":216},[40,57349,213],{"class":212},[40,57351,62],{"class":54},[40,57353,224],{"class":212},[40,57355,336],{"class":216},[40,57357,213],{"class":212},[40,57359,73],{"class":54},[40,57361,57362],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,57363,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,57365,57366,57368,57370,57372,57374,57376,57378,57380,57382,57384,57386],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,57367,101],{"class":84},[40,57369,88],{"class":54},[40,57371,353],{"class":91},[40,57373,289],{"class":54},[40,57375,106],{"class":91},[40,57377,88],{"class":54},[40,57379,213],{"class":212},[40,57381,336],{"class":216},[40,57383,213],{"class":212},[40,57385,5140],{"class":54},[40,57387,57388],{"class":3449},"   # 2\n",[40,57390,57391,57393,57395,57397,57399,57401,57403,57405,57407,57409,57411],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,57392,101],{"class":84},[40,57394,88],{"class":54},[40,57396,353],{"class":91},[40,57398,289],{"class":54},[40,57400,106],{"class":91},[40,57402,88],{"class":54},[40,57404,213],{"class":212},[40,57406,318],{"class":216},[40,57408,213],{"class":212},[40,57410,5140],{"class":54},[40,57412,57413],{"class":3449},"    # 1\n",[40,57415,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426,57428,57430,57432,57434,57436],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,57417,101],{"class":84},[40,57419,88],{"class":54},[40,57421,353],{"class":91},[40,57423,289],{"class":54},[40,57425,106],{"class":91},[40,57427,88],{"class":54},[40,57429,213],{"class":212},[40,57431,22285],{"class":216},[40,57433,213],{"class":212},[40,57435,5140],{"class":54},[40,57437,57438],{"class":3449}," # 0\n",[20,57440,57441,57442,57444,57445,57447,57448,289],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57443,57033],{}," works, but using ",[15,57446,1554],{}," is often simpler. See ",[282,57449,5975],{"href":5974},[129,57451,57453],{"id":57452},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57455,57456,57458],{},[15,57457,57038],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57460,57461],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57463,43402],{},[134,57465,57466,57469,57472,57479],{},[137,57467,57468],{},"matches are based on equality",[137,57470,57471],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[137,57473,57474,4176,57476,57478],{},[15,57475,658],{},[15,57477,3391],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[137,57480,57481],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[792,57483,57485],{"id":57484},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[31,57487,57489],{"className":33,"code":57488,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57490,57491,57524,57548],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57492,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505,57507,57509,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57494,205],{"class":46},[40,57496,51],{"class":50},[40,57498,55],{"class":54},[40,57500,213],{"class":212},[40,57502,3862],{"class":216},[40,57504,213],{"class":212},[40,57506,62],{"class":54},[40,57508,224],{"class":212},[40,57510,57511],{"class":216},"Apple",[40,57513,213],{"class":212},[40,57515,62],{"class":54},[40,57517,224],{"class":212},[40,57519,3862],{"class":216},[40,57521,213],{"class":212},[40,57523,73],{"class":54},[40,57525,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544,57546],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,57527,101],{"class":84},[40,57529,88],{"class":54},[40,57531,253],{"class":91},[40,57533,289],{"class":54},[40,57535,106],{"class":91},[40,57537,88],{"class":54},[40,57539,213],{"class":212},[40,57541,3862],{"class":216},[40,57543,213],{"class":212},[40,57545,5140],{"class":54},[40,57547,51167],{"class":3449},[40,57549,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568,57570],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,57551,101],{"class":84},[40,57553,88],{"class":54},[40,57555,253],{"class":91},[40,57557,289],{"class":54},[40,57559,106],{"class":91},[40,57561,88],{"class":54},[40,57563,213],{"class":212},[40,57565,57511],{"class":216},[40,57567,213],{"class":212},[40,57569,5140],{"class":54},[40,57571,27540],{"class":3449},[20,57573,57574,4176,57577,57580],{},[15,57575,57576],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57578,57579],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[792,57582,57584,4176,57586,57588],{"id":57583},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57585,658],{},[15,57587,3391],{}," can match",[31,57590,57592],{"className":33,"code":57591,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57593,57594,57618,57638],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57595,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612,57614,57616],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57597,3610],{"class":46},[40,57599,51],{"class":50},[40,57601,55],{"class":54},[40,57603,658],{"class":58},[40,57605,62],{"class":54},[40,57607,3700],{"class":1494},[40,57609,62],{"class":54},[40,57611,663],{"class":58},[40,57613,62],{"class":54},[40,57615,1226],{"class":58},[40,57617,73],{"class":54},[40,57619,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,57621,101],{"class":84},[40,57623,88],{"class":54},[40,57625,5137],{"class":91},[40,57627,289],{"class":54},[40,57629,106],{"class":91},[40,57631,88],{"class":54},[40,57633,658],{"class":58},[40,57635,5140],{"class":54},[40,57637,50671],{"class":3449},[40,57639,57640,57642,57644,57646,57648,57650,57652,57654,57656],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,57641,101],{"class":84},[40,57643,88],{"class":54},[40,57645,5137],{"class":91},[40,57647,289],{"class":54},[40,57649,106],{"class":91},[40,57651,88],{"class":54},[40,57653,3391],{"class":1494},[40,57655,5140],{"class":54},[40,57657,50523],{"class":3449},[20,57659,4193],{},[20,57661,57662],{},"In Python:",[134,57664,57665,57670],{},[137,57666,57667],{},[15,57668,57669],{},"True == 1",[137,57671,57672],{},[15,57673,57674],{},"False == 0",[20,57676,53397,57677,57679],{},[15,57678,57033],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[792,57681,57683],{"id":57682},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[31,57685,57687],{"className":33,"code":57686,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57688,57689,57731],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57690,57691,57693,57695,57697,57699,57701,57703,57705,57707,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725,57727,57729],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57692,479],{"class":46},[40,57694,51],{"class":50},[40,57696,655],{"class":54},[40,57698,658],{"class":58},[40,57700,62],{"class":54},[40,57702,663],{"class":58},[40,57704,666],{"class":54},[40,57706,55],{"class":54},[40,57708,401],{"class":58},[40,57710,62],{"class":54},[40,57712,675],{"class":58},[40,57714,666],{"class":54},[40,57716,55],{"class":54},[40,57718,658],{"class":58},[40,57720,62],{"class":54},[40,57722,663],{"class":58},[40,57724,666],{"class":54},[40,57726,55],{"class":54},[40,57728,658],{"class":58},[40,57730,690],{"class":54},[40,57732,57733,57735,57737,57739,57741,57743,57745,57747,57749,57751,57753],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,57734,101],{"class":84},[40,57736,88],{"class":54},[40,57738,497],{"class":91},[40,57740,289],{"class":54},[40,57742,106],{"class":91},[40,57744,2771],{"class":54},[40,57746,658],{"class":58},[40,57748,62],{"class":54},[40,57750,663],{"class":58},[40,57752,4517],{"class":54},[40,57754,51167],{"class":3449},[20,57756,57757],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[129,57759,57761],{"id":57760},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[792,57763,57765],{"id":57764},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[31,57767,57769],{"className":33,"code":57768,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57770,57771,57799,57817,57821],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57772,57773,57775,57777,57779,57781,57783,57785,57787,57789,57791,57793,57795,57797],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57774,47],{"class":46},[40,57776,51],{"class":50},[40,57778,55],{"class":54},[40,57780,59],{"class":58},[40,57782,62],{"class":54},[40,57784,65],{"class":58},[40,57786,62],{"class":54},[40,57788,5781],{"class":58},[40,57790,62],{"class":54},[40,57792,70],{"class":58},[40,57794,62],{"class":54},[40,57796,5781],{"class":58},[40,57798,73],{"class":54},[40,57800,57801,57803,57805,57807,57809,57811,57813,57815],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,57802,2013],{"class":46},[40,57804,51],{"class":50},[40,57806,4045],{"class":46},[40,57808,289],{"class":54},[40,57810,106],{"class":91},[40,57812,88],{"class":54},[40,57814,59],{"class":58},[40,57816,95],{"class":54},[40,57818,57819],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,57820,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,57822,57823,57825,57827,57829],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,57824,101],{"class":84},[40,57826,88],{"class":54},[40,57828,2048],{"class":91},[40,57830,95],{"class":54},[20,57832,111],{},[31,57834,57835],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,57836,57837],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57838,57839],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57840,114],{"class":58},[792,57842,57844],{"id":57843},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[31,57846,57848],{"className":33,"code":57847,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57849,57850,57891,57913,57917],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57851,57852,57854,57856,57858,57860,57862,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884,57887,57889],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57853,205],{"class":46},[40,57855,51],{"class":50},[40,57857,55],{"class":54},[40,57859,213],{"class":212},[40,57861,217],{"class":216},[40,57863,213],{"class":212},[40,57865,62],{"class":54},[40,57867,224],{"class":212},[40,57869,236],{"class":216},[40,57871,213],{"class":212},[40,57873,62],{"class":54},[40,57875,224],{"class":212},[40,57877,217],{"class":216},[40,57879,213],{"class":212},[40,57881,62],{"class":54},[40,57883,224],{"class":212},[40,57885,57886],{"class":216},"bird",[40,57888,213],{"class":212},[40,57890,73],{"class":54},[40,57892,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907,57909,57911],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,57894,2013],{"class":46},[40,57896,51],{"class":50},[40,57898,5945],{"class":46},[40,57900,289],{"class":54},[40,57902,106],{"class":91},[40,57904,88],{"class":54},[40,57906,213],{"class":212},[40,57908,217],{"class":216},[40,57910,213],{"class":212},[40,57912,95],{"class":54},[40,57914,57915],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,57916,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,57918,57919,57921,57923,57925],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,57920,101],{"class":84},[40,57922,88],{"class":54},[40,57924,2048],{"class":91},[40,57926,95],{"class":54},[20,57928,111],{},[31,57930,57931],{"className":33,"code":1489,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,57932,57933],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57934,57935],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57936,1489],{"class":58},[792,57938,57940],{"id":57939},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[31,57942,57944],{"className":33,"code":57943,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57945,57946,57970,57988,57992],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,57947,57948,57950,57952,57954,57956,57958,57960,57962,57964,57966,57968],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,57949,47],{"class":46},[40,57951,51],{"class":50},[40,57953,55],{"class":54},[40,57955,658],{"class":58},[40,57957,62],{"class":54},[40,57959,663],{"class":58},[40,57961,62],{"class":54},[40,57963,749],{"class":58},[40,57965,62],{"class":54},[40,57967,675],{"class":58},[40,57969,73],{"class":54},[40,57971,57972,57974,57976,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,57973,2013],{"class":46},[40,57975,51],{"class":50},[40,57977,4045],{"class":46},[40,57979,289],{"class":54},[40,57981,106],{"class":91},[40,57983,88],{"class":54},[40,57985,682],{"class":58},[40,57987,95],{"class":54},[40,57989,57990],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,57991,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,57993,57994,57996,57998,58000],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,57995,101],{"class":84},[40,57997,88],{"class":54},[40,57999,2048],{"class":91},[40,58001,95],{"class":54},[20,58003,111],{},[31,58005,58006],{"className":33,"code":504,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,58007,58008],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58009,58010],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58011,504],{"class":58},[792,58013,58015],{"id":58014},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[31,58017,58019],{"className":33,"code":58018,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58020,58021,58067,58089,58093],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58022,58023,58025,58027,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58024,650],{"class":46},[40,58026,51],{"class":50},[40,58028,655],{"class":54},[40,58030,658],{"class":58},[40,58032,62],{"class":54},[40,58034,663],{"class":58},[40,58036,666],{"class":54},[40,58038,55],{"class":54},[40,58040,658],{"class":58},[40,58042,62],{"class":54},[40,58044,663],{"class":58},[40,58046,666],{"class":54},[40,58048,55],{"class":54},[40,58050,744],{"class":58},[40,58052,62],{"class":54},[40,58054,749],{"class":58},[40,58056,666],{"class":54},[40,58058,55],{"class":54},[40,58060,658],{"class":58},[40,58062,62],{"class":54},[40,58064,663],{"class":58},[40,58066,690],{"class":54},[40,58068,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,58070,2013],{"class":46},[40,58072,51],{"class":50},[40,58074,14334],{"class":46},[40,58076,289],{"class":54},[40,58078,106],{"class":91},[40,58080,2771],{"class":54},[40,58082,658],{"class":58},[40,58084,62],{"class":54},[40,58086,663],{"class":58},[40,58088,570],{"class":54},[40,58090,58091],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,58092,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,58094,58095,58097,58099,58101],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,58096,101],{"class":84},[40,58098,88],{"class":54},[40,58100,2048],{"class":91},[40,58102,95],{"class":54},[20,58104,111],{},[31,58106,58107],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,58108,58109],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58110,58111],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58112,114],{"class":58},[129,58114,1345,58116],{"id":58115},"when-to-use-count",[15,58117,57033],{},[20,58119,123,58120,58122],{},[15,58121,57033],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58124,58125],{},"Good use cases:",[134,58127,58128,58131,58134],{},[137,58129,58130],{},"counting one specific item",[137,58132,58133],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[137,58135,58136],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58138,195],{},[31,58140,58142],{"className":33,"code":58141,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58143,58144,58185,58209,58213],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58145,58146,58149,58151,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169,58171,58173,58175,58177,58179,58181,58183],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58147,58148],{"class":46},"votes ",[40,58150,51],{"class":50},[40,58152,55],{"class":54},[40,58154,213],{"class":212},[40,58156,8428],{"class":216},[40,58158,213],{"class":212},[40,58160,62],{"class":54},[40,58162,224],{"class":212},[40,58164,8367],{"class":216},[40,58166,213],{"class":212},[40,58168,62],{"class":54},[40,58170,224],{"class":212},[40,58172,8428],{"class":216},[40,58174,213],{"class":212},[40,58176,62],{"class":54},[40,58178,224],{"class":212},[40,58180,8428],{"class":216},[40,58182,213],{"class":212},[40,58184,73],{"class":54},[40,58186,58187,58190,58192,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,58188,58189],{"class":46},"yes_votes ",[40,58191,51],{"class":50},[40,58193,58194],{"class":46}," votes",[40,58196,289],{"class":54},[40,58198,106],{"class":91},[40,58200,88],{"class":54},[40,58202,213],{"class":212},[40,58204,8428],{"class":216},[40,58206,213],{"class":212},[40,58208,95],{"class":54},[40,58210,58211],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,58212,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,58214,58215,58217,58219,58222],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,58216,101],{"class":84},[40,58218,88],{"class":54},[40,58220,58221],{"class":91},"yes_votes",[40,58223,95],{"class":54},[20,58225,58226,58228],{},[15,58227,57033],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58230,58231,58232,4176,58234,289],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[282,58233,623],{"href":622},[282,58235,58237],{"href":58236},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[129,58239,2613],{"id":2612},[20,58241,8217,58242,289],{},[15,58243,57038],{},[792,58245,58247],{"id":58246},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58249,58250,58252],{},[15,58251,57038],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[31,58254,58256],{"className":33,"code":58255,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58257,58258,58291],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58259,58260,58262,58264,58266,58268,58271,58273,58275,58277,58279,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58261,205],{"class":46},[40,58263,51],{"class":50},[40,58265,55],{"class":54},[40,58267,213],{"class":212},[40,58269,58270],{"class":216},"apple pie",[40,58272,213],{"class":212},[40,58274,62],{"class":54},[40,58276,224],{"class":212},[40,58278,3871],{"class":216},[40,58280,213],{"class":212},[40,58282,62],{"class":54},[40,58284,224],{"class":212},[40,58286,58270],{"class":216},[40,58288,213],{"class":212},[40,58290,73],{"class":54},[40,58292,58293,58295,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307,58309,58311,58313],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,58294,101],{"class":84},[40,58296,88],{"class":54},[40,58298,253],{"class":91},[40,58300,289],{"class":54},[40,58302,106],{"class":91},[40,58304,88],{"class":54},[40,58306,213],{"class":212},[40,58308,3862],{"class":216},[40,58310,213],{"class":212},[40,58312,5140],{"class":54},[40,58314,50999],{"class":3449},[20,58316,2271,58317,2275],{},[15,58318,192],{},[20,58320,28821,58321,58323,58324,289],{},[15,58322,57576],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58325,58326],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58328,58329,58330,289],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58331,58332],{},"str.count()",[792,58334,8223,58336,8226,58338,2662,58340],{"id":58335},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58337,57033],{},[15,58339,3391],{},[15,58341,3460],{},[20,58343,58344,58346],{},[15,58345,57033],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[31,58348,58350],{"className":33,"code":58349,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58351,58352,58376],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58353,58354,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364,58366,58368,58370,58372,58374],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58355,47],{"class":46},[40,58357,51],{"class":50},[40,58359,55],{"class":54},[40,58361,658],{"class":58},[40,58363,62],{"class":54},[40,58365,663],{"class":58},[40,58367,62],{"class":54},[40,58369,663],{"class":58},[40,58371,62],{"class":54},[40,58373,749],{"class":58},[40,58375,73],{"class":54},[40,58377,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388,58390,58392,58394],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,58379,101],{"class":84},[40,58381,88],{"class":54},[40,58383,92],{"class":91},[40,58385,289],{"class":54},[40,58387,106],{"class":91},[40,58389,88],{"class":54},[40,58391,744],{"class":58},[40,58393,5140],{"class":54},[40,58395,51167],{"class":3449},[20,58397,58398],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[31,58400,58402],{"className":33,"code":58401,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58403,58404],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58405,58406,58408,58410,58412,58414,58416,58418],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58407,101],{"class":84},[40,58409,88],{"class":54},[40,58411,744],{"class":58},[40,58413,20934],{"class":535},[40,58415,4045],{"class":91},[40,58417,18],{"class":54},[40,58419,3450],{"class":3449},[792,58421,58423],{"id":58422},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[31,58425,58427],{"className":33,"code":58426,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58428,58429,58462],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58430,58431,58433,58435,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455,58458,58460],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58432,1508],{"class":46},[40,58434,51],{"class":50},[40,58436,55],{"class":54},[40,58438,213],{"class":212},[40,58440,7455],{"class":216},[40,58442,213],{"class":212},[40,58444,62],{"class":54},[40,58446,224],{"class":212},[40,58448,19979],{"class":216},[40,58450,213],{"class":212},[40,58452,62],{"class":54},[40,58454,224],{"class":212},[40,58456,58457],{"class":216},"SAM",[40,58459,213],{"class":212},[40,58461,73],{"class":54},[40,58463,58464,58466,58468,58470,58472,58474,58476,58478,58480,58482,58484],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,58465,101],{"class":84},[40,58467,88],{"class":54},[40,58469,1566],{"class":91},[40,58471,289],{"class":54},[40,58473,106],{"class":91},[40,58475,88],{"class":54},[40,58477,213],{"class":212},[40,58479,19979],{"class":216},[40,58481,213],{"class":212},[40,58483,5140],{"class":54},[40,58485,27540],{"class":3449},[20,58487,58488,58489,58492],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58490,58491],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[792,58494,29410,58496,33310],{"id":58495},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58497,57033],{},[20,58499,58500],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[31,58502,58504],{"className":33,"code":58503,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58505,58506,58516,58530,58548,58562,58574],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58507,58508,58510,58512,58514],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58509,101],{"class":84},[40,58511,88],{"class":54},[40,58513,1272],{"class":91},[40,58515,95],{"class":54},[40,58517,58518,58520,58522,58524,58526,58528],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,58519,101],{"class":84},[40,58521,88],{"class":54},[40,58523,1297],{"class":609},[40,58525,88],{"class":54},[40,58527,1272],{"class":91},[40,58529,256],{"class":54},[40,58531,58532,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542,58544,58546],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,58533,101],{"class":84},[40,58535,88],{"class":54},[40,58537,1272],{"class":91},[40,58539,289],{"class":54},[40,58541,106],{"class":91},[40,58543,88],{"class":54},[40,58545,2255],{"class":91},[40,58547,256],{"class":54},[40,58549,58550,58552,58554,58556,58558,58560],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,58551,101],{"class":84},[40,58553,88],{"class":54},[40,58555,2230],{"class":91},[40,58557,1554],{"class":535},[40,58559,8166],{"class":91},[40,58561,95],{"class":54},[40,58563,58564,58566,58568,58570,58572],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,58565,1548],{"class":535},[40,58567,5737],{"class":46},[40,58569,1554],{"class":535},[40,58571,8166],{"class":46},[40,58573,553],{"class":54},[40,58575,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584,58586],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,58577,558],{"class":84},[40,58579,88],{"class":54},[40,58581,41532],{"class":84},[40,58583,88],{"class":54},[40,58585,23072],{"class":91},[40,58587,256],{"class":54},[20,58589,58590],{},"These checks can help you see:",[134,58592,58593,58596,58599],{},[137,58594,58595],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[137,58597,58598],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[137,58600,58601],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58603,58604],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[134,58606,58607,58612,58615,58622],{},[137,58608,50244,58609,58611],{},[15,58610,57033],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[137,58613,58614],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[137,58616,10876,58617,58619,58620],{},[15,58618,57038],{}," with string ",[15,58621,57033],{},[137,58623,58624],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[129,58626,1636],{"id":1635},[792,58628,12474,58630,58632],{"id":58629},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58631,57038],{}," change the list?",[20,58634,58635],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[792,58637,58639],{"id":58638},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58641,11680,58642,289],{},[15,58643,192],{},[792,58645,4947,58647,58649],{"id":58646},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58648,57038],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58651,58652],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[792,58654,14671,58656,58658],{"id":58655},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58657,57038],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58660,41905,58661,4176,58663,58665],{},[15,58662,57579],{},[15,58664,57576],{}," are different values.",[792,58667,4935,58669,58671,58672,2275],{"id":58668},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58670,3391],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58673,658],{},[20,58675,8556,58676,58678,58679,4176,58681,58678,58683,289],{},[15,58677,3391],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58680,658],{},[15,58682,3460],{},[15,58684,192],{},[129,58686,1687],{"id":1686},[134,58688,58689,58693,58699,58703,58711,58717],{},[137,58690,58691],{},[282,58692,623],{"href":622},[137,58694,58695],{},[282,58696,58698],{"href":58697},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[137,58700,58701],{},[282,58702,6714],{"href":5974},[137,58704,58705],{},[282,58706,55263,58708,10510],{"href":58707},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58709,58710],{},"index()",[137,58712,58713],{},[282,58714,285,58715],{"href":1748},[15,58716,25],{},[137,58718,58719],{},[282,58720,58721],{"href":58236},"What is a list in Python",[1715,58723,58724],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":58726},[58727,58728,58730,58731,58732,58738,58744,58746,58754,58765],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":57130,"depth":76,"text":58729},"What list.count() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":37775,"depth":76,"text":37776},{"id":57452,"depth":76,"text":57453,"children":58733},[58734,58735,58737],{"id":57484,"depth":98,"text":57485},{"id":57583,"depth":98,"text":58736},"1 and True can match",{"id":57682,"depth":98,"text":57683},{"id":57760,"depth":76,"text":57761,"children":58739},[58740,58741,58742,58743],{"id":57764,"depth":98,"text":57765},{"id":57843,"depth":98,"text":57844},{"id":57939,"depth":98,"text":57940},{"id":58014,"depth":98,"text":58015},{"id":58115,"depth":76,"text":58745},"When to use count()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":58747},[58748,58749,58751,58752],{"id":58246,"depth":98,"text":58247},{"id":58335,"depth":98,"text":58750},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58422,"depth":98,"text":58423},{"id":58495,"depth":98,"text":58753},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":58755},[58756,58758,58759,58761,58763],{"id":58629,"depth":98,"text":58757},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58638,"depth":98,"text":58639},{"id":58646,"depth":98,"text":58760},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58655,"depth":98,"text":58762},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58668,"depth":98,"text":58764},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57025,"description":58766},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58773,"title":58774,"body":58775,"description":60735,"extension":1746,"meta":60736,"navigation":360,"path":60737,"seo":60738,"stem":60739,"__hash__":60740},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58776,"toc":60698},[58777,58780,58783,58785,58913,58917,58998,59009,59011,59030,59034,59037,59040,59058,59060,59103,59107,59132,59141,59145,59150,59153,59268,59272,59341,59345,59357,59361,59364,59405,59409,59422,59425,59510,59514,59547,59554,59560,59565,59567,59579,59583,59616,59620,59652,59656,59693,59697,59717,59721,59755,59759,59788,59799,59803,59806,59809,59822,59879,59883,59922,59928,59931,59933,59936,59940,59943,59968,59970,59995,60002,60005,60050,60054,60073,60076,60115,60122,60127,60161,60165,60266,60273,60306,60310,60336,60340,60343,60381,60384,60421,60425,60428,60447,60451,60512,60514,60531,60535,60538,60541,60570,60572,60576,60579,60587,60591,60594,60614,60620,60626,60630,60633,60640,60648,60650,60689,60695],[10,58778,58774],{"id":58779},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58781,58782],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[129,58784,3396],{"id":3395},[31,58786,58788],{"className":33,"code":58787,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58789,58790,58810,58842,58850,58868,58872,58882,58892,58903],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58791,58792,58794,58796,58798,58800,58802,58804,58806,58808],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58793,47],{"class":46},[40,58795,51],{"class":50},[40,58797,55],{"class":54},[40,58799,658],{"class":58},[40,58801,62],{"class":54},[40,58803,663],{"class":58},[40,58805,62],{"class":54},[40,58807,749],{"class":58},[40,58809,73],{"class":54},[40,58811,58812,58814,58816,58818,58820,58822,58824,58826,58828,58830,58832,58834,58836,58838,58840],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,58813,1508],{"class":46},[40,58815,51],{"class":50},[40,58817,55],{"class":54},[40,58819,213],{"class":212},[40,58821,1517],{"class":216},[40,58823,213],{"class":212},[40,58825,62],{"class":54},[40,58827,224],{"class":212},[40,58829,1526],{"class":216},[40,58831,213],{"class":212},[40,58833,62],{"class":54},[40,58835,224],{"class":212},[40,58837,1535],{"class":216},[40,58839,213],{"class":212},[40,58841,73],{"class":54},[40,58843,58844,58846,58848],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,58845,55674],{"class":46},[40,58847,51],{"class":50},[40,58849,484],{"class":54},[40,58851,58852,58854,58856,58858,58860,58862,58864,58866],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,58853,1000],{"class":46},[40,58855,51],{"class":50},[40,58857,22321],{"class":609},[40,58859,88],{"class":54},[40,58861,213],{"class":212},[40,58863,41313],{"class":216},[40,58865,213],{"class":212},[40,58867,95],{"class":54},[40,58869,58870],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,58871,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,58873,58874,58876,58878,58880],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,58875,101],{"class":84},[40,58877,88],{"class":54},[40,58879,92],{"class":91},[40,58881,95],{"class":54},[40,58883,58884,58886,58888,58890],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,58885,101],{"class":84},[40,58887,88],{"class":54},[40,58889,1566],{"class":91},[40,58891,95],{"class":54},[40,58893,58894,58896,58898,58901],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,58895,101],{"class":84},[40,58897,88],{"class":54},[40,58899,58900],{"class":91},"empty_list",[40,58902,95],{"class":54},[40,58904,58905,58907,58909,58911],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,58906,101],{"class":84},[40,58908,88],{"class":54},[40,58910,1043],{"class":91},[40,58912,95],{"class":54},[20,58914,58915],{},[183,58916,111],{},[31,58918,58920],{"className":33,"code":58919,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58921,58922,58938,58966,58970],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,58923,58924,58926,58928,58930,58932,58934,58936],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,58925,565],{"class":54},[40,58927,658],{"class":58},[40,58929,62],{"class":54},[40,58931,663],{"class":58},[40,58933,62],{"class":54},[40,58935,749],{"class":58},[40,58937,73],{"class":54},[40,58939,58940,58942,58944,58946,58948,58950,58952,58954,58956,58958,58960,58962,58964],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,58941,565],{"class":54},[40,58943,3087],{"class":212},[40,58945,1517],{"class":216},[40,58947,3087],{"class":212},[40,58949,62],{"class":54},[40,58951,3082],{"class":212},[40,58953,1526],{"class":216},[40,58955,3087],{"class":212},[40,58957,62],{"class":54},[40,58959,3082],{"class":212},[40,58961,1535],{"class":216},[40,58963,3087],{"class":212},[40,58965,73],{"class":54},[40,58967,58968],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,58969,38053],{"class":54},[40,58971,58972,58974,58976,58978,58980,58982,58984,58986,58988,58990,58992,58994,58996],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,58973,565],{"class":54},[40,58975,3087],{"class":212},[40,58977,282],{"class":216},[40,58979,3087],{"class":212},[40,58981,62],{"class":54},[40,58983,3082],{"class":212},[40,58985,1017],{"class":216},[40,58987,3087],{"class":212},[40,58989,62],{"class":54},[40,58991,3082],{"class":212},[40,58993,1026],{"class":216},[40,58995,3087],{"class":212},[40,58997,73],{"class":54},[20,58999,59000,59001,59003,59004,59006,59007,289],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59002,3574],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59005,24543],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59008,35954],{},[129,59010,132],{"id":131},[134,59012,59013,59016,59019,59022,59027],{},[137,59014,59015],{},"What a list is in Python",[137,59017,59018],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[137,59020,59021],{},"How to create an empty list",[137,59023,59024,59025,2087],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59026,24543],{},[137,59028,59029],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[129,59031,59033],{"id":59032},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59035,59036],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59038,59039],{},"This means:",[134,59041,59042,59045,59048,59051],{},[137,59043,59044],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[137,59046,59047],{},"The order of items is kept",[137,59049,59050],{},"A list can hold different data types",[137,59052,59053,59054,59057],{},"A list is ",[183,59055,59056],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59059,195],{},[31,59061,59063],{"className":33,"code":59062,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59064,59065,59089,59093],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59066,59067,59069,59071,59073,59075,59077,59079,59081,59083,59085,59087],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59068,479],{"class":46},[40,59070,51],{"class":50},[40,59072,55],{"class":54},[40,59074,213],{"class":212},[40,59076,3862],{"class":216},[40,59078,213],{"class":212},[40,59080,62],{"class":54},[40,59082,5781],{"class":58},[40,59084,62],{"class":54},[40,59086,3700],{"class":1494},[40,59088,73],{"class":54},[40,59090,59091],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,59092,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,59094,59095,59097,59099,59101],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,59096,101],{"class":84},[40,59098,88],{"class":54},[40,59100,497],{"class":91},[40,59102,95],{"class":54},[20,59104,59105],{},[183,59106,111],{},[31,59108,59110],{"className":33,"code":59109,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59111,59112],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59113,59114,59116,59118,59120,59122,59124,59126,59128,59130],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59115,565],{"class":54},[40,59117,3087],{"class":212},[40,59119,3862],{"class":216},[40,59121,3087],{"class":212},[40,59123,62],{"class":54},[40,59125,5781],{"class":58},[40,59127,62],{"class":54},[40,59129,3700],{"class":1494},[40,59131,73],{"class":54},[20,59133,59134,59135,2662,59138,289],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[282,59136,59137],{"href":622},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[282,59139,59140],{"href":58236},"What is a List in Python?",[129,59142,59144],{"id":59143},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59146,59000,59147,59149],{},[15,59148,3574],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59151,59152],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[31,59154,59156],{"className":33,"code":59155,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59157,59158,59178,59210,59234,59238,59248,59258],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59159,59160,59162,59164,59166,59168,59170,59172,59174,59176],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59161,47],{"class":46},[40,59163,51],{"class":50},[40,59165,55],{"class":54},[40,59167,658],{"class":58},[40,59169,62],{"class":54},[40,59171,663],{"class":58},[40,59173,62],{"class":54},[40,59175,749],{"class":58},[40,59177,73],{"class":54},[40,59179,59180,59182,59184,59186,59188,59190,59192,59194,59196,59198,59200,59202,59204,59206,59208],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,59181,1508],{"class":46},[40,59183,51],{"class":50},[40,59185,55],{"class":54},[40,59187,213],{"class":212},[40,59189,1517],{"class":216},[40,59191,213],{"class":212},[40,59193,62],{"class":54},[40,59195,224],{"class":212},[40,59197,1526],{"class":216},[40,59199,213],{"class":212},[40,59201,62],{"class":54},[40,59203,224],{"class":212},[40,59205,1535],{"class":216},[40,59207,213],{"class":212},[40,59209,73],{"class":54},[40,59211,59212,59214,59216,59218,59220,59222,59224,59226,59228,59230,59232],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,59213,731],{"class":46},[40,59215,51],{"class":50},[40,59217,55],{"class":54},[40,59219,59],{"class":58},[40,59221,62],{"class":54},[40,59223,224],{"class":212},[40,59225,3632],{"class":216},[40,59227,213],{"class":212},[40,59229,62],{"class":54},[40,59231,3691],{"class":1494},[40,59233,73],{"class":54},[40,59235,59236],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,59237,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,59239,59240,59242,59244,59246],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,59241,101],{"class":84},[40,59243,88],{"class":54},[40,59245,92],{"class":91},[40,59247,95],{"class":54},[40,59249,59250,59252,59254,59256],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,59251,101],{"class":84},[40,59253,88],{"class":54},[40,59255,1566],{"class":91},[40,59257,95],{"class":54},[40,59259,59260,59262,59264,59266],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,59261,101],{"class":84},[40,59263,88],{"class":54},[40,59265,768],{"class":91},[40,59267,95],{"class":54},[20,59269,59270],{},[183,59271,111],{},[31,59273,59275],{"className":33,"code":59274,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59276,59277,59293,59321],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59278,59279,59281,59283,59285,59287,59289,59291],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59280,565],{"class":54},[40,59282,658],{"class":58},[40,59284,62],{"class":54},[40,59286,663],{"class":58},[40,59288,62],{"class":54},[40,59290,749],{"class":58},[40,59292,73],{"class":54},[40,59294,59295,59297,59299,59301,59303,59305,59307,59309,59311,59313,59315,59317,59319],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,59296,565],{"class":54},[40,59298,3087],{"class":212},[40,59300,1517],{"class":216},[40,59302,3087],{"class":212},[40,59304,62],{"class":54},[40,59306,3082],{"class":212},[40,59308,1526],{"class":216},[40,59310,3087],{"class":212},[40,59312,62],{"class":54},[40,59314,3082],{"class":212},[40,59316,1535],{"class":216},[40,59318,3087],{"class":212},[40,59320,73],{"class":54},[40,59322,59323,59325,59327,59329,59331,59333,59335,59337,59339],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,59324,565],{"class":54},[40,59326,59],{"class":58},[40,59328,62],{"class":54},[40,59330,3082],{"class":212},[40,59332,3632],{"class":216},[40,59334,3087],{"class":212},[40,59336,62],{"class":54},[40,59338,3691],{"class":1494},[40,59340,73],{"class":54},[792,59342,59344],{"id":59343},"key-points","Key points",[134,59346,59347,59352,59354],{},[137,59348,123,59349,59351],{},[15,59350,3574],{}," to make a new list",[137,59353,15199],{},[137,59355,59356],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[129,59358,59360],{"id":59359},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59362,59363],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[31,59365,59367],{"className":33,"code":59366,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59368,59369,59377,59381,59391],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59370,59371,59373,59375],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59372,8079],{"class":46},[40,59374,51],{"class":50},[40,59376,484],{"class":54},[40,59378,59379],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,59380,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,59382,59383,59385,59387,59389],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,59384,101],{"class":84},[40,59386,88],{"class":54},[40,59388,1272],{"class":91},[40,59390,95],{"class":54},[40,59392,59393,59395,59397,59399,59401,59403],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,59394,101],{"class":84},[40,59396,88],{"class":54},[40,59398,17],{"class":84},[40,59400,88],{"class":54},[40,59402,1272],{"class":91},[40,59404,256],{"class":54},[20,59406,59407],{},[183,59408,111],{},[31,59410,59412],{"className":33,"code":59411,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[]\n0\n",[15,59413,59414,59418],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59415,59416],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59417,38053],{"class":54},[40,59419,59420],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,59421,504],{"class":58},[20,59423,59424],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[31,59426,59428],{"className":33,"code":59427,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59429,59430,59438,59442,59460,59478,59496,59500],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59431,59432,59434,59436],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59433,1508],{"class":46},[40,59435,51],{"class":50},[40,59437,484],{"class":54},[40,59439,59440],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,59441,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,59443,59444,59446,59448,59450,59452,59454,59456,59458],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,59445,1566],{"class":46},[40,59447,289],{"class":54},[40,59449,13320],{"class":91},[40,59451,88],{"class":54},[40,59453,213],{"class":212},[40,59455,1517],{"class":216},[40,59457,213],{"class":212},[40,59459,95],{"class":54},[40,59461,59462,59464,59466,59468,59470,59472,59474,59476],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,59463,1566],{"class":46},[40,59465,289],{"class":54},[40,59467,13320],{"class":91},[40,59469,88],{"class":54},[40,59471,213],{"class":212},[40,59473,1526],{"class":216},[40,59475,213],{"class":212},[40,59477,95],{"class":54},[40,59479,59480,59482,59484,59486,59488,59490,59492,59494],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,59481,1566],{"class":46},[40,59483,289],{"class":54},[40,59485,13320],{"class":91},[40,59487,88],{"class":54},[40,59489,213],{"class":212},[40,59491,1535],{"class":216},[40,59493,213],{"class":212},[40,59495,95],{"class":54},[40,59497,59498],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,59499,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,59501,59502,59504,59506,59508],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,59503,101],{"class":84},[40,59505,88],{"class":54},[40,59507,1566],{"class":91},[40,59509,95],{"class":54},[20,59511,59512],{},[183,59513,111],{},[31,59515,59517],{"className":33,"code":59516,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59518,59519],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59520,59521,59523,59525,59527,59529,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539,59541,59543,59545],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59522,565],{"class":54},[40,59524,3087],{"class":212},[40,59526,1517],{"class":216},[40,59528,3087],{"class":212},[40,59530,62],{"class":54},[40,59532,3082],{"class":212},[40,59534,1526],{"class":216},[40,59536,3087],{"class":212},[40,59538,62],{"class":54},[40,59540,3082],{"class":212},[40,59542,1535],{"class":216},[40,59544,3087],{"class":212},[40,59546,73],{"class":54},[20,59548,59549,59550,289],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[282,59551,59552,10510],{"href":56511},[15,59553,52399],{},[129,59555,59557,59558],{"id":59556},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59559,24543],{},[20,59561,123,59562,59564],{},[15,59563,24543],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59566,5236],{},[134,59568,59569,59571,59573,59575],{},[137,59570,5087],{},[137,59572,5081],{},[137,59574,5084],{},[137,59576,59577],{},[15,59578,35954],{},[792,59580,59582],{"id":59581},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[31,59584,59586],{"className":33,"code":59585,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59587,59588,59606],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59589,59590,59592,59594,59596,59598,59600,59602,59604],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59591,1000],{"class":46},[40,59593,51],{"class":50},[40,59595,22321],{"class":609},[40,59597,88],{"class":54},[40,59599,213],{"class":212},[40,59601,41313],{"class":216},[40,59603,213],{"class":212},[40,59605,95],{"class":54},[40,59607,59608,59610,59612,59614],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,59609,101],{"class":84},[40,59611,88],{"class":54},[40,59613,1043],{"class":91},[40,59615,95],{"class":54},[20,59617,59618],{},[183,59619,111],{},[31,59621,59622],{"className":33,"code":42627,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,59623,59624],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59625,59626,59628,59630,59632,59634,59636,59638,59640,59642,59644,59646,59648,59650],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59627,565],{"class":54},[40,59629,3087],{"class":212},[40,59631,282],{"class":216},[40,59633,3087],{"class":212},[40,59635,62],{"class":54},[40,59637,3082],{"class":212},[40,59639,1017],{"class":216},[40,59641,3087],{"class":212},[40,59643,62],{"class":54},[40,59645,3082],{"class":212},[40,59647,1026],{"class":216},[40,59649,3087],{"class":212},[40,59651,73],{"class":54},[792,59653,59655],{"id":59654},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[31,59657,59659],{"className":33,"code":59658,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59660,59661,59683],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59662,59663,59665,59667,59669,59671,59673,59675,59677,59679,59681],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59664,47],{"class":46},[40,59666,51],{"class":50},[40,59668,22321],{"class":609},[40,59670,5289],{"class":54},[40,59672,658],{"class":58},[40,59674,62],{"class":54},[40,59676,663],{"class":58},[40,59678,62],{"class":54},[40,59680,749],{"class":58},[40,59682,256],{"class":54},[40,59684,59685,59687,59689,59691],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,59686,101],{"class":84},[40,59688,88],{"class":54},[40,59690,92],{"class":91},[40,59692,95],{"class":54},[20,59694,59695],{},[183,59696,111],{},[31,59698,59699],{"className":33,"code":54893,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,59700,59701],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59702,59703,59705,59707,59709,59711,59713,59715],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59704,565],{"class":54},[40,59706,658],{"class":58},[40,59708,62],{"class":54},[40,59710,663],{"class":58},[40,59712,62],{"class":54},[40,59714,749],{"class":58},[40,59716,73],{"class":54},[792,59718,59720],{"id":59719},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[31,59722,59724],{"className":33,"code":59723,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59725,59726,59745],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59727,59728,59730,59732,59734,59736,59739,59741,59743],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59729,3610],{"class":46},[40,59731,51],{"class":50},[40,59733,22321],{"class":609},[40,59735,88],{"class":54},[40,59737,59738],{"class":84},"range",[40,59740,88],{"class":54},[40,59742,682],{"class":58},[40,59744,256],{"class":54},[40,59746,59747,59749,59751,59753],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,59748,101],{"class":84},[40,59750,88],{"class":54},[40,59752,5137],{"class":91},[40,59754,95],{"class":54},[20,59756,59757],{},[183,59758,111],{},[31,59760,59762],{"className":33,"code":59761,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59763,59764],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59765,59766,59768,59770,59772,59774,59776,59778,59780,59782,59784,59786],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59767,565],{"class":54},[40,59769,192],{"class":58},[40,59771,62],{"class":54},[40,59773,1226],{"class":58},[40,59775,62],{"class":54},[40,59777,663],{"class":58},[40,59779,62],{"class":54},[40,59781,749],{"class":58},[40,59783,62],{"class":54},[40,59785,675],{"class":58},[40,59787,73],{"class":54},[20,59789,59790,59792,59793,289],{},[15,59791,24543],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[282,59794,59796,59798],{"href":59795},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59797,24543],{},": Function Explained",[129,59800,59802],{"id":59801},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59804,59805],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59807,59808],{},"Examples include:",[134,59810,59811,59813,59815,59817,59819],{},[137,59812,5087],{},[137,59814,40179],{},[137,59816,51794],{},[137,59818,40349],{},[137,59820,59821],{},"other lists",[31,59823,59825],{"className":33,"code":59824,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59826,59827,59865,59869],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59828,59829,59831,59833,59835,59837,59839,59841,59843,59845,59847,59849,59851,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59830,650],{"class":46},[40,59832,51],{"class":50},[40,59834,55],{"class":54},[40,59836,213],{"class":212},[40,59838,1517],{"class":216},[40,59840,213],{"class":212},[40,59842,62],{"class":54},[40,59844,9076],{"class":58},[40,59846,62],{"class":54},[40,59848,3700],{"class":1494},[40,59850,62],{"class":54},[40,59852,55],{"class":54},[40,59854,658],{"class":58},[40,59856,62],{"class":54},[40,59858,663],{"class":58},[40,59860,62],{"class":54},[40,59862,749],{"class":58},[40,59864,690],{"class":54},[40,59866,59867],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,59868,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,59870,59871,59873,59875,59877],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,59872,101],{"class":84},[40,59874,88],{"class":54},[40,59876,703],{"class":91},[40,59878,95],{"class":54},[20,59880,59881],{},[183,59882,111],{},[31,59884,59886],{"className":33,"code":59885,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59887,59888],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59889,59890,59892,59894,59896,59898,59900,59902,59904,59906,59908,59910,59912,59914,59916,59918,59920],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59891,565],{"class":54},[40,59893,3087],{"class":212},[40,59895,1517],{"class":216},[40,59897,3087],{"class":212},[40,59899,62],{"class":54},[40,59901,9076],{"class":58},[40,59903,62],{"class":54},[40,59905,3700],{"class":1494},[40,59907,62],{"class":54},[40,59909,55],{"class":54},[40,59911,658],{"class":58},[40,59913,62],{"class":54},[40,59915,663],{"class":58},[40,59917,62],{"class":54},[40,59919,749],{"class":58},[40,59921,690],{"class":54},[20,59923,59924,59925,289],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[183,59926,59927],{},"nested list",[20,59929,59930],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[129,59932,790],{"id":789},[20,59934,59935],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[792,59937,59939],{"id":59938},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59941,59942],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[31,59944,59946],{"className":33,"code":59945,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59947,59948,59952],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59949,59950],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59951,4317],{"class":3449},[40,59953,59954,59956,59958,59960,59962,59964,59966],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,59955,47],{"class":46},[40,59957,51],{"class":50},[40,59959,55],{"class":54},[40,59961,658],{"class":58},[40,59963,663],{"class":58},[40,59965,749],{"class":58},[40,59967,73],{"class":54},[20,59969,10577],{},[31,59971,59973],{"className":33,"code":59972,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59974,59975],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,59976,59977,59979,59981,59983,59985,59987,59989,59991,59993],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,59978,47],{"class":46},[40,59980,51],{"class":50},[40,59982,55],{"class":54},[40,59984,658],{"class":58},[40,59986,62],{"class":54},[40,59988,663],{"class":58},[40,59990,62],{"class":54},[40,59992,749],{"class":58},[40,59994,73],{"class":54},[792,59996,795,59998,799,60000],{"id":59997},"using-instead-of",[15,59999,7143],{},[15,60001,3574],{},[20,60003,60004],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[31,60006,60008],{"className":33,"code":60007,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60009,60010,60031,60035],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60011,60012,60015,60017,60019,60021,60023,60025,60027,60029],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60013,60014],{"class":46},"my_values ",[40,60016,51],{"class":50},[40,60018,9006],{"class":54},[40,60020,658],{"class":58},[40,60022,62],{"class":54},[40,60024,663],{"class":58},[40,60026,62],{"class":54},[40,60028,749],{"class":58},[40,60030,95],{"class":54},[40,60032,60033],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,60034,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,60036,60037,60039,60041,60043,60045,60048],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,60038,101],{"class":84},[40,60040,88],{"class":54},[40,60042,1297],{"class":609},[40,60044,88],{"class":54},[40,60046,60047],{"class":91},"my_values",[40,60049,256],{"class":54},[20,60051,60052],{},[183,60053,111],{},[31,60055,60057],{"className":33,"code":60056,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60058,60059],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60060,60061,60063,60065,60067,60069,60071],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60062,3076],{"class":50},[40,60064,3079],{"class":1848},[40,60066,3082],{"class":212},[40,60068,48705],{"class":216},[40,60070,3087],{"class":212},[40,60072,3090],{"class":50},[20,60074,60075],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[31,60077,60079],{"className":33,"code":60078,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60080,60081,60101],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60082,60083,60085,60087,60089,60091,60093,60095,60097,60099],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60084,60014],{"class":46},[40,60086,51],{"class":50},[40,60088,55],{"class":54},[40,60090,658],{"class":58},[40,60092,62],{"class":54},[40,60094,663],{"class":58},[40,60096,62],{"class":54},[40,60098,749],{"class":58},[40,60100,73],{"class":54},[40,60102,60103,60105,60107,60109,60111,60113],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,60104,101],{"class":84},[40,60106,88],{"class":54},[40,60108,1297],{"class":609},[40,60110,88],{"class":54},[40,60112,60047],{"class":91},[40,60114,256],{"class":54},[792,60116,8223,60118,60121],{"id":60117},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60119,60120],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60123,60124,60126],{},[15,60125,24543],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[31,60128,60130],{"className":33,"code":60129,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60131,60132,60151],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60133,60134,60136,60138,60140,60142,60144,60147,60149],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60135,2013],{"class":46},[40,60137,51],{"class":50},[40,60139,22321],{"class":609},[40,60141,88],{"class":54},[40,60143,213],{"class":212},[40,60145,60146],{"class":216},"hello world",[40,60148,213],{"class":212},[40,60150,95],{"class":54},[40,60152,60153,60155,60157,60159],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,60154,101],{"class":84},[40,60156,88],{"class":54},[40,60158,2048],{"class":91},[40,60160,95],{"class":54},[20,60162,60163],{},[183,60164,111],{},[31,60166,60168],{"className":33,"code":60167,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60169,60170],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60171,60172,60174,60176,60179,60181,60183,60185,60188,60190,60192,60194,60197,60199,60201,60203,60205,60207,60209,60211,60214,60216,60218,60220,60222,60224,60226,60229,60231,60233,60235,60237,60239,60241,60243,60246,60248,60250,60252,60254,60256,60258,60260,60262,60264],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60173,565],{"class":54},[40,60175,3087],{"class":212},[40,60177,60178],{"class":216},"h",[40,60180,3087],{"class":212},[40,60182,62],{"class":54},[40,60184,3082],{"class":212},[40,60186,60187],{"class":216},"e",[40,60189,3087],{"class":212},[40,60191,62],{"class":54},[40,60193,3082],{"class":212},[40,60195,60196],{"class":216},"l",[40,60198,3087],{"class":212},[40,60200,62],{"class":54},[40,60202,3082],{"class":212},[40,60204,60196],{"class":216},[40,60206,3087],{"class":212},[40,60208,62],{"class":54},[40,60210,3082],{"class":212},[40,60212,60213],{"class":216},"o",[40,60215,3087],{"class":212},[40,60217,62],{"class":54},[40,60219,3082],{"class":212},[40,60221,3082],{"class":212},[40,60223,62],{"class":54},[40,60225,3082],{"class":212},[40,60227,60228],{"class":216},"w",[40,60230,3087],{"class":212},[40,60232,62],{"class":54},[40,60234,3082],{"class":212},[40,60236,60213],{"class":216},[40,60238,3087],{"class":212},[40,60240,62],{"class":54},[40,60242,3082],{"class":212},[40,60244,60245],{"class":216},"r",[40,60247,3087],{"class":212},[40,60249,62],{"class":54},[40,60251,3082],{"class":212},[40,60253,60196],{"class":216},[40,60255,3087],{"class":212},[40,60257,62],{"class":54},[40,60259,3082],{"class":212},[40,60261,18530],{"class":216},[40,60263,3087],{"class":212},[40,60265,73],{"class":54},[20,60267,60268,60269,60272],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60270,60271],{},"split()"," instead:",[31,60274,60276],{"className":33,"code":60275,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60277,60278,60296],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60279,60280,60282,60284,60286,60288,60290,60292,60294],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60281,205],{"class":46},[40,60283,51],{"class":50},[40,60285,224],{"class":212},[40,60287,60146],{"class":216},[40,60289,213],{"class":212},[40,60291,289],{"class":54},[40,60293,34231],{"class":91},[40,60295,8413],{"class":54},[40,60297,60298,60300,60302,60304],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,60299,101],{"class":84},[40,60301,88],{"class":54},[40,60303,253],{"class":91},[40,60305,95],{"class":54},[20,60307,60308],{},[183,60309,111],{},[31,60311,60313],{"className":33,"code":60312,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60314,60315],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60316,60317,60319,60321,60323,60325,60327,60329,60332,60334],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60318,565],{"class":54},[40,60320,3087],{"class":212},[40,60322,3632],{"class":216},[40,60324,3087],{"class":212},[40,60326,62],{"class":54},[40,60328,3082],{"class":212},[40,60330,60331],{"class":216},"world",[40,60333,3087],{"class":212},[40,60335,73],{"class":54},[792,60337,60339],{"id":60338},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60341,60342],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[31,60344,60346],{"className":33,"code":60345,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60347,60348,60352],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60349,60350],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60351,4317],{"class":3449},[40,60353,60354,60356,60358,60360,60362,60364,60366,60368,60370,60373,60375,60377,60379],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,60355,1508],{"class":46},[40,60357,51],{"class":50},[40,60359,55],{"class":54},[40,60361,213],{"class":212},[40,60363,1517],{"class":216},[40,60365,213],{"class":212},[40,60367,62],{"class":54},[40,60369,224],{"class":212},[40,60371,60372],{"class":216},"Ben', ",[40,60374,213],{"class":212},[40,60376,1535],{"class":46},[40,60378,213],{"class":212},[40,60380,73],{"class":216},[20,60382,60383],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[31,60385,60387],{"className":33,"code":60386,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60388,60389],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60390,60391,60393,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411,60413,60415,60417,60419],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60392,1508],{"class":46},[40,60394,51],{"class":50},[40,60396,55],{"class":54},[40,60398,213],{"class":212},[40,60400,1517],{"class":216},[40,60402,213],{"class":212},[40,60404,62],{"class":54},[40,60406,224],{"class":212},[40,60408,1526],{"class":216},[40,60410,213],{"class":212},[40,60412,62],{"class":54},[40,60414,224],{"class":212},[40,60416,1535],{"class":216},[40,60418,213],{"class":212},[40,60420,73],{"class":54},[792,60422,60424],{"id":60423},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60426,60427],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[134,60429,60430,60433,60436,60441],{},[137,60431,60432],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[137,60434,60435],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[137,60437,60438,60439],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60440,24543],{},[137,60442,8223,60443,60446],{},[15,60444,60445],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[792,60448,60450],{"id":60449},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[31,60452,60454],{"className":33,"code":60453,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60455,60456,60466,60480,60494],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60457,60458,60460,60462,60464],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60459,101],{"class":84},[40,60461,88],{"class":54},[40,60463,1272],{"class":91},[40,60465,95],{"class":54},[40,60467,60468,60470,60472,60474,60476,60478],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,60469,101],{"class":84},[40,60471,88],{"class":54},[40,60473,1297],{"class":609},[40,60475,88],{"class":54},[40,60477,1272],{"class":91},[40,60479,256],{"class":54},[40,60481,60482,60484,60486,60488,60490,60492],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,60483,101],{"class":84},[40,60485,88],{"class":54},[40,60487,17],{"class":84},[40,60489,88],{"class":54},[40,60491,1272],{"class":91},[40,60493,256],{"class":54},[40,60495,60496,60498,60500,60502,60504,60506,60508,60510],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,60497,101],{"class":84},[40,60499,88],{"class":54},[40,60501,610],{"class":609},[40,60503,88],{"class":54},[40,60505,59738],{"class":84},[40,60507,88],{"class":54},[40,60509,682],{"class":58},[40,60511,2697],{"class":54},[20,60513,25769],{},[134,60515,60516,60519,60522,60524],{},[137,60517,60518],{},"what the list contains",[137,60520,60521],{},"whether the value is really a list",[137,60523,1328],{},[137,60525,25780,60526,60528,60529],{},[15,60527,24543],{}," does with ",[15,60530,35954],{},[129,60532,60534],{"id":60533},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60536,60537],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60539,60540],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[134,60542,60543,60558,60563],{},[137,60544,123,60545,1973,60549,16837,60553,60557],{},[282,60546,60547],{"href":56511},[15,60548,52399],{},[282,60550,60551],{"href":53088},[15,60552,53190],{},[282,60554,60555],{"href":53652},[15,60556,54011],{}," to add items later",[137,60559,123,60560,60562],{},[282,60561,59137],{"href":622}," for a broader introduction",[137,60564,123,60565,60569],{},[282,60566,60567,59798],{"href":59795},[15,60568,24543],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[129,60571,1636],{"id":1635},[792,60573,60575],{"id":60574},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60577,60578],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[31,60580,60581],{"className":33,"code":38053,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,60582,60583],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60584,60585],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60586,38053],{"class":54},[792,60588,60590],{"id":60589},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60592,60593],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[31,60595,60596],{"className":33,"code":54893,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,60597,60598],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60599,60600,60602,60604,60606,60608,60610,60612],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60601,565],{"class":54},[40,60603,658],{"class":58},[40,60605,62],{"class":54},[40,60607,663],{"class":58},[40,60609,62],{"class":54},[40,60611,749],{"class":58},[40,60613,73],{"class":54},[792,60615,1650,60617,60619],{"id":60616},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60618,24543],{}," do in Python?",[20,60621,60622,60623,60625],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60624,35954],{},", into a list.",[792,60627,60629],{"id":60628},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60631,60632],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[792,60634,4957,60636,4176,60638,2275],{"id":60635},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60637,3574],{},[15,60639,7143],{},[20,60641,60642,60644,60645,60647],{},[15,60643,3574],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60646,7143],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[129,60649,1687],{"id":1686},[134,60651,60652,60656,60662,60668,60674,60680,60684],{},[137,60653,60654],{},[282,60655,59137],{"href":622},[137,60657,60658],{},[282,60659,55263,60660,11091],{"href":56511},[15,60661,52399],{},[137,60663,60664],{},[282,60665,55263,60666,11091],{"href":53088},[15,60667,53190],{},[137,60669,60670],{},[282,60671,55263,60672,11091],{"href":53652},[15,60673,54011],{},[137,60675,60676],{},[282,60677,285,60678,3366],{"href":59795},[15,60679,24543],{},[137,60681,60682],{},[282,60683,59140],{"href":58236},[137,60685,60686],{},[282,60687,60688],{"href":11834},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60690,60691,60692,60694],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60693,52399],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1715,60696,60697],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":60699},[60700,60701,60702,60703,60706,60707,60713,60714,60724,60725,60734],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":131,"depth":76,"text":132},{"id":59032,"depth":76,"text":59033},{"id":59143,"depth":76,"text":59144,"children":60704},[60705],{"id":59343,"depth":98,"text":59344},{"id":59359,"depth":76,"text":59360},{"id":59556,"depth":76,"text":60708,"children":60709},"Create a list with list()",[60710,60711,60712],{"id":59581,"depth":98,"text":59582},{"id":59654,"depth":98,"text":59655},{"id":59719,"depth":98,"text":59720},{"id":59801,"depth":76,"text":59802},{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":60715},[60716,60717,60719,60721,60722,60723],{"id":59938,"depth":98,"text":59939},{"id":59997,"depth":98,"text":60718},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60117,"depth":98,"text":60720},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60338,"depth":98,"text":60339},{"id":60423,"depth":98,"text":60424},{"id":60449,"depth":98,"text":60450},{"id":60533,"depth":76,"text":60534},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":60726},[60727,60728,60729,60731,60732],{"id":60574,"depth":98,"text":60575},{"id":60589,"depth":98,"text":60590},{"id":60616,"depth":98,"text":60730},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60628,"depth":98,"text":60629},{"id":60635,"depth":98,"text":60733},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58774,"description":60735},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60742,"title":60743,"body":60744,"description":62485,"extension":1746,"meta":62486,"navigation":360,"path":62487,"seo":62488,"stem":62489,"__hash__":62490},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60745,"toc":62440},[60746,60751,60756,60759,60761,60832,60837,60842,60846,60860,60865,60867,60887,60892,60895,60918,60922,60927,61019,61021,61043,61049,61055,61062,61069,61075,61132,61138,61196,61198,61210,61218,61224,61229,61233,61290,61293,61297,61356,61359,61363,61421,61433,61437,61490,61493,61497,61503,61509,61571,61574,61635,61638,61694,61699,61701,61705,61712,61773,61778,61787,61843,61850,61854,61912,61921,61979,61983,62018,62022,62032,62035,62090,62104,62107,62222,62227,62231,62242,62244,62323,62333,62335,62340,62345,62352,62360,62366,62369,62375,62378,62384,62390,62392,62428,62437],[10,60747,54085,60749,11091],{"id":60748},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60750,53190],{},[20,60752,60753,60755],{},[15,60754,53091],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60757,60758],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[129,60760,1787],{"id":1786},[31,60762,60764],{"className":33,"code":60763,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60765,60766,60782,60799,60803,60818,60828],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60767,60768,60770,60772,60774,60776,60778,60780],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60769,47],{"class":46},[40,60771,51],{"class":50},[40,60773,55],{"class":54},[40,60775,658],{"class":58},[40,60777,62],{"class":54},[40,60779,663],{"class":58},[40,60781,73],{"class":54},[40,60783,60784,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795,60797],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,60785,60786],{"class":46},"more_numbers ",[40,60788,51],{"class":50},[40,60790,55],{"class":54},[40,60792,401],{"class":58},[40,60794,62],{"class":54},[40,60796,675],{"class":58},[40,60798,73],{"class":54},[40,60800,60801],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,60802,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,60804,60805,60807,60809,60811,60813,60816],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,60806,92],{"class":46},[40,60808,289],{"class":54},[40,60810,53220],{"class":91},[40,60812,88],{"class":54},[40,60814,60815],{"class":91},"more_numbers",[40,60817,95],{"class":54},[40,60819,60820,60822,60824,60826],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,60821,101],{"class":84},[40,60823,88],{"class":54},[40,60825,92],{"class":91},[40,60827,95],{"class":54},[40,60829,60830],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,60831,52469],{"class":3449},[20,60833,123,60834,60836],{},[15,60835,53190],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[129,60838,158,60840,3466],{"id":60839},"what-listextend-does",[15,60841,53091],{},[20,60843,60844,2669],{},[15,60845,53190],{},[134,60847,60848,60851,60853,60856],{},[137,60849,60850],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[137,60852,54171],{},[137,60854,60855],{},"Does not create a new list",[137,60857,11193,60858],{},[15,60859,3565],{},[20,60861,60862,60863,53545],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60864,53190],{},[129,60866,1940],{"id":1939},[31,60868,60870],{"className":33,"code":60869,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60871,60872],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60873,60874,60877,60879,60881,60883,60885],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60875,60876],{"class":46},"list_name",[40,60878,289],{"class":54},[40,60880,53220],{"class":91},[40,60882,88],{"class":54},[40,60884,3507],{"class":91},[40,60886,95],{"class":54},[20,60888,5231,60889,60891],{},[183,60890,3507],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60893,60894],{},"Common iterables include:",[134,60896,60897,60901,60905,60909,60914],{},[137,60898,60899],{},[15,60900,610],{},[137,60902,60903],{},[15,60904,48705],{},[137,60906,60907],{},[15,60908,6064],{},[137,60910,60911],{},[15,60912,60913],{},"string",[137,60915,60916],{},[15,60917,59738],{},[129,60919,60921],{"id":60920},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60923,60924,60925,2669],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60926,53190],{},[31,60928,60930],{"className":33,"code":60929,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60931,60932,60956,60981,60985,61000,61004,61014],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,60933,60934,60936,60938,60940,60942,60944,60946,60948,60950,60952,60954],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,60935,35995],{"class":46},[40,60937,51],{"class":50},[40,60939,55],{"class":54},[40,60941,213],{"class":212},[40,60943,3862],{"class":216},[40,60945,213],{"class":212},[40,60947,62],{"class":54},[40,60949,224],{"class":212},[40,60951,3871],{"class":216},[40,60953,213],{"class":212},[40,60955,73],{"class":54},[40,60957,60958,60961,60963,60965,60967,60969,60971,60973,60975,60977,60979],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,60959,60960],{"class":46},"more_fruits ",[40,60962,51],{"class":50},[40,60964,55],{"class":54},[40,60966,213],{"class":212},[40,60968,32982],{"class":216},[40,60970,213],{"class":212},[40,60972,62],{"class":54},[40,60974,224],{"class":212},[40,60976,22294],{"class":216},[40,60978,213],{"class":212},[40,60980,73],{"class":54},[40,60982,60983],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,60984,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,60986,60987,60989,60991,60993,60995,60998],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,60988,36047],{"class":46},[40,60990,289],{"class":54},[40,60992,53220],{"class":91},[40,60994,88],{"class":54},[40,60996,60997],{"class":91},"more_fruits",[40,60999,95],{"class":54},[40,61001,61002],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,61003,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,61005,61006,61008,61010,61012],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,61007,101],{"class":84},[40,61009,88],{"class":54},[40,61011,36047],{"class":91},[40,61013,95],{"class":54},[40,61015,61016],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,61017,61018],{"class":3449},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61020,385],{},[134,61022,61023,61028,61033],{},[137,61024,61025,61027],{},[15,61026,36047],{}," starts with two items",[137,61029,61030,61032],{},[15,61031,60997],{}," has two more items",[137,61034,61035,61037,61038,61040,61041],{},[15,61036,53190],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61039,60997],{}," to ",[15,61042,36047],{},[20,61044,61045,61046,61048],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61047,36047],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61050,54310,61051,4176,61053,289],{},[282,61052,623],{"href":622},[282,61054,56897],{"href":56896},[129,61056,61058,10355,61060],{"id":61057},"extend-vs-append",[15,61059,53190],{},[15,61061,52399],{},[20,61063,61064,4176,61066,61068],{},[15,61065,53190],{},[15,61067,52399],{}," are often confused.",[792,61070,61072,61074],{"id":61071},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61073,53190],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[31,61076,61078],{"className":33,"code":61077,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61079,61080,61096,61114,61118,61128],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61081,61082,61084,61086,61088,61090,61092,61094],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61083,47],{"class":46},[40,61085,51],{"class":50},[40,61087,55],{"class":54},[40,61089,658],{"class":58},[40,61091,62],{"class":54},[40,61093,663],{"class":58},[40,61095,73],{"class":54},[40,61097,61098,61100,61102,61104,61106,61108,61110,61112],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,61099,92],{"class":46},[40,61101,289],{"class":54},[40,61103,53220],{"class":91},[40,61105,2771],{"class":54},[40,61107,401],{"class":58},[40,61109,62],{"class":54},[40,61111,675],{"class":58},[40,61113,570],{"class":54},[40,61115,61116],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,61117,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,61119,61120,61122,61124,61126],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,61121,101],{"class":84},[40,61123,88],{"class":54},[40,61125,92],{"class":91},[40,61127,95],{"class":54},[40,61129,61130],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,61131,52469],{"class":3449},[792,61133,61135,61137],{"id":61134},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61136,52399],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[31,61139,61141],{"className":33,"code":61140,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61142,61143,61159,61177,61181,61191],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61144,61145,61147,61149,61151,61153,61155,61157],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61146,47],{"class":46},[40,61148,51],{"class":50},[40,61150,55],{"class":54},[40,61152,658],{"class":58},[40,61154,62],{"class":54},[40,61156,663],{"class":58},[40,61158,73],{"class":54},[40,61160,61161,61163,61165,61167,61169,61171,61173,61175],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,61162,92],{"class":46},[40,61164,289],{"class":54},[40,61166,13320],{"class":91},[40,61168,2771],{"class":54},[40,61170,401],{"class":58},[40,61172,62],{"class":54},[40,61174,675],{"class":58},[40,61176,570],{"class":54},[40,61178,61179],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,61180,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,61182,61183,61185,61187,61189],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,61184,101],{"class":84},[40,61186,88],{"class":54},[40,61188,92],{"class":91},[40,61190,95],{"class":54},[40,61192,61193],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,61194,61195],{"class":3449},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61197,18457],{},[134,61199,61200,61205],{},[137,61201,61202,61204],{},[15,61203,53190],{}," to combine values",[137,61206,61207,61209],{},[15,61208,52399],{}," to add one item",[20,61211,41846,61212,4176,61216,289],{},[282,61213,55263,61214,10510],{"href":56511},[15,61215,52399],{},[282,61217,52794],{"href":52793},[129,61219,795,61221,61223],{"id":61220},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61222,53190],{}," with different iterables",[20,61225,61226,61228],{},[15,61227,53190],{}," works with more than just lists.",[792,61230,61232],{"id":61231},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[31,61234,61236],{"className":33,"code":61235,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61237,61238,61254,61272,61276,61286],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61239,61240,61242,61244,61246,61248,61250,61252],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61241,3610],{"class":46},[40,61243,51],{"class":50},[40,61245,55],{"class":54},[40,61247,658],{"class":58},[40,61249,62],{"class":54},[40,61251,663],{"class":58},[40,61253,73],{"class":54},[40,61255,61256,61258,61260,61262,61264,61266,61268,61270],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,61257,5137],{"class":46},[40,61259,289],{"class":54},[40,61261,53220],{"class":91},[40,61263,5289],{"class":54},[40,61265,401],{"class":58},[40,61267,62],{"class":54},[40,61269,675],{"class":58},[40,61271,256],{"class":54},[40,61273,61274],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,61275,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,61277,61278,61280,61282,61284],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,61279,101],{"class":84},[40,61281,88],{"class":54},[40,61283,5137],{"class":91},[40,61285,95],{"class":54},[40,61287,61288],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,61289,52469],{"class":3449},[20,61291,61292],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[792,61294,61296],{"id":61295},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[31,61298,61300],{"className":33,"code":61299,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61301,61302,61318,61337,61341,61351],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61303,61304,61306,61308,61310,61312,61314,61316],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61305,1000],{"class":46},[40,61307,51],{"class":50},[40,61309,55],{"class":54},[40,61311,213],{"class":212},[40,61313,282],{"class":216},[40,61315,213],{"class":212},[40,61317,73],{"class":54},[40,61319,61320,61322,61324,61326,61328,61330,61333,61335],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,61321,1043],{"class":46},[40,61323,289],{"class":54},[40,61325,53220],{"class":91},[40,61327,88],{"class":54},[40,61329,213],{"class":212},[40,61331,61332],{"class":216},"bc",[40,61334,213],{"class":212},[40,61336,95],{"class":54},[40,61338,61339],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,61340,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,61342,61343,61345,61347,61349],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,61344,101],{"class":84},[40,61346,88],{"class":54},[40,61348,1043],{"class":91},[40,61350,95],{"class":54},[40,61352,61353],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,61354,61355],{"class":3449},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61357,61358],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[792,61360,61362],{"id":61361},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[31,61364,61366],{"className":33,"code":61365,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61367,61368,61380,61402,61406,61416],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61369,61370,61372,61374,61376,61378],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61371,47],{"class":46},[40,61373,51],{"class":50},[40,61375,55],{"class":54},[40,61377,192],{"class":58},[40,61379,73],{"class":54},[40,61381,61382,61384,61386,61388,61390,61392,61394,61396,61398,61400],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,61383,92],{"class":46},[40,61385,289],{"class":54},[40,61387,53220],{"class":91},[40,61389,88],{"class":54},[40,61391,59738],{"class":84},[40,61393,88],{"class":54},[40,61395,658],{"class":58},[40,61397,62],{"class":54},[40,61399,675],{"class":58},[40,61401,256],{"class":54},[40,61403,61404],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,61405,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,61407,61408,61410,61412,61414],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,61409,101],{"class":84},[40,61411,88],{"class":54},[40,61413,92],{"class":91},[40,61415,95],{"class":54},[40,61417,61418],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,61419,61420],{"class":3449},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61422,61423,61426,61427,1973,61429,16837,61431,289],{},[15,61424,61425],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61428,658],{},[15,61430,744],{},[15,61432,401],{},[792,61434,61436],{"id":61435},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[31,61438,61440],{"className":33,"code":61439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61441,61442,61458,61476,61480],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61443,61444,61446,61448,61450,61452,61454,61456],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61445,479],{"class":46},[40,61447,51],{"class":50},[40,61449,55],{"class":54},[40,61451,658],{"class":58},[40,61453,62],{"class":54},[40,61455,663],{"class":58},[40,61457,73],{"class":54},[40,61459,61460,61462,61464,61466,61468,61470,61472,61474],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,61461,497],{"class":46},[40,61463,289],{"class":54},[40,61465,53220],{"class":91},[40,61467,5308],{"class":54},[40,61469,401],{"class":58},[40,61471,62],{"class":54},[40,61473,675],{"class":58},[40,61475,30256],{"class":54},[40,61477,61478],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,61479,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,61481,61482,61484,61486,61488],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,61483,101],{"class":84},[40,61485,88],{"class":54},[40,61487,497],{"class":91},[40,61489,95],{"class":54},[20,61491,61492],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[129,61494,61496],{"id":61495},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61498,61499,398,61501,289],{},[15,61500,53190],{},[15,61502,3565],{},[20,61504,61505,61506,2669],{},"That means this is ",[183,61507,61508],{},"wrong",[31,61510,61512],{"className":33,"code":61511,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61513,61514,61530,61552,61556,61566],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61515,61516,61518,61520,61522,61524,61526,61528],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61517,47],{"class":46},[40,61519,51],{"class":50},[40,61521,55],{"class":54},[40,61523,658],{"class":58},[40,61525,62],{"class":54},[40,61527,663],{"class":58},[40,61529,73],{"class":54},[40,61531,61532,61534,61536,61538,61540,61542,61544,61546,61548,61550],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,61533,2013],{"class":46},[40,61535,51],{"class":50},[40,61537,4045],{"class":46},[40,61539,289],{"class":54},[40,61541,53220],{"class":91},[40,61543,2771],{"class":54},[40,61545,401],{"class":58},[40,61547,62],{"class":54},[40,61549,675],{"class":58},[40,61551,570],{"class":54},[40,61553,61554],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,61555,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,61557,61558,61560,61562,61564],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,61559,101],{"class":84},[40,61561,88],{"class":54},[40,61563,2048],{"class":91},[40,61565,95],{"class":54},[40,61567,61568],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,61569,61570],{"class":3449},"# None\n",[20,61572,61573],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[31,61575,61577],{"className":33,"code":61576,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61578,61579,61595,61617,61621,61631],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61580,61581,61583,61585,61587,61589,61591,61593],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61582,47],{"class":46},[40,61584,51],{"class":50},[40,61586,55],{"class":54},[40,61588,658],{"class":58},[40,61590,62],{"class":54},[40,61592,663],{"class":58},[40,61594,73],{"class":54},[40,61596,61597,61599,61601,61603,61605,61607,61609,61611,61613,61615],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,61598,47],{"class":46},[40,61600,51],{"class":50},[40,61602,4045],{"class":46},[40,61604,289],{"class":54},[40,61606,53220],{"class":91},[40,61608,2771],{"class":54},[40,61610,401],{"class":58},[40,61612,62],{"class":54},[40,61614,675],{"class":58},[40,61616,570],{"class":54},[40,61618,61619],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,61620,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,61622,61623,61625,61627,61629],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,61624,101],{"class":84},[40,61626,88],{"class":54},[40,61628,92],{"class":91},[40,61630,95],{"class":54},[40,61632,61633],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,61634,61570],{"class":3449},[20,61636,61637],{},"The correct way is:",[31,61639,61640],{"className":33,"code":61077,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,61641,61642,61658,61676,61680,61690],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61643,61644,61646,61648,61650,61652,61654,61656],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61645,47],{"class":46},[40,61647,51],{"class":50},[40,61649,55],{"class":54},[40,61651,658],{"class":58},[40,61653,62],{"class":54},[40,61655,663],{"class":58},[40,61657,73],{"class":54},[40,61659,61660,61662,61664,61666,61668,61670,61672,61674],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,61661,92],{"class":46},[40,61663,289],{"class":54},[40,61665,53220],{"class":91},[40,61667,2771],{"class":54},[40,61669,401],{"class":58},[40,61671,62],{"class":54},[40,61673,675],{"class":58},[40,61675,570],{"class":54},[40,61677,61678],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,61679,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,61681,61682,61684,61686,61688],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,61683,101],{"class":84},[40,61685,88],{"class":54},[40,61687,92],{"class":91},[40,61689,95],{"class":54},[40,61691,61692],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,61693,52469],{"class":3449},[20,61695,55652,61696,61698],{},[15,61697,53190],{}," first, then use the original list.",[129,61700,790],{"id":789},[20,61702,14501,61703,289],{},[15,61704,53190],{},[792,61706,61708,61709,61711],{"id":61707},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61710,53190],{}," to return a new list",[31,61713,61715],{"className":33,"code":61714,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61716,61717,61733,61755,61759,61769],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61718,61719,61721,61723,61725,61727,61729,61731],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61720,47],{"class":46},[40,61722,51],{"class":50},[40,61724,55],{"class":54},[40,61726,658],{"class":58},[40,61728,62],{"class":54},[40,61730,663],{"class":58},[40,61732,73],{"class":54},[40,61734,61735,61737,61739,61741,61743,61745,61747,61749,61751,61753],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,61736,55385],{"class":46},[40,61738,51],{"class":50},[40,61740,4045],{"class":46},[40,61742,289],{"class":54},[40,61744,53220],{"class":91},[40,61746,2771],{"class":54},[40,61748,401],{"class":58},[40,61750,62],{"class":54},[40,61752,675],{"class":58},[40,61754,570],{"class":54},[40,61756,61757],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,61758,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,61760,61761,61763,61765,61767],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,61762,101],{"class":84},[40,61764,88],{"class":54},[40,61766,55404],{"class":91},[40,61768,95],{"class":54},[40,61770,61771],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,61772,61570],{"class":3449},[20,61774,61775,61776,289],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61777,53190],{},[792,61779,61781,61782,44382,61784,61786],{"id":61780},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61783,52399],{},[15,61785,53190],{}," is needed",[31,61788,61789],{"className":33,"code":61140,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,61790,61791,61807,61825,61829,61839],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61792,61793,61795,61797,61799,61801,61803,61805],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61794,47],{"class":46},[40,61796,51],{"class":50},[40,61798,55],{"class":54},[40,61800,658],{"class":58},[40,61802,62],{"class":54},[40,61804,663],{"class":58},[40,61806,73],{"class":54},[40,61808,61809,61811,61813,61815,61817,61819,61821,61823],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,61810,92],{"class":46},[40,61812,289],{"class":54},[40,61814,13320],{"class":91},[40,61816,2771],{"class":54},[40,61818,401],{"class":58},[40,61820,62],{"class":54},[40,61822,675],{"class":58},[40,61824,570],{"class":54},[40,61826,61827],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,61828,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,61830,61831,61833,61835,61837],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,61832,101],{"class":84},[40,61834,88],{"class":54},[40,61836,92],{"class":91},[40,61838,95],{"class":54},[40,61840,61841],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,61842,61195],{"class":3449},[20,61844,61845,61846,53635,61848,6409],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61847,53634],{},[15,61849,53190],{},[792,61851,61853],{"id":61852},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[31,61855,61857],{"className":33,"code":61856,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61858,61859,61875,61893,61897,61907],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61860,61861,61863,61865,61867,61869,61871,61873],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61862,205],{"class":46},[40,61864,51],{"class":50},[40,61866,55],{"class":54},[40,61868,213],{"class":212},[40,61870,3632],{"class":216},[40,61872,213],{"class":212},[40,61874,73],{"class":54},[40,61876,61877,61879,61881,61883,61885,61887,61889,61891],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,61878,253],{"class":46},[40,61880,289],{"class":54},[40,61882,53220],{"class":91},[40,61884,88],{"class":54},[40,61886,213],{"class":212},[40,61888,60331],{"class":216},[40,61890,213],{"class":212},[40,61892,95],{"class":54},[40,61894,61895],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,61896,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,61898,61899,61901,61903,61905],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,61900,101],{"class":84},[40,61902,88],{"class":54},[40,61904,253],{"class":91},[40,61906,95],{"class":54},[40,61908,61909],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,61910,61911],{"class":3449},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61913,61914,61915,61918,61919,2669],{},"If you want ",[15,61916,61917],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61920,52399],{},[31,61922,61924],{"className":33,"code":61923,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61925,61926,61942,61960,61964,61974],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61927,61928,61930,61932,61934,61936,61938,61940],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61929,205],{"class":46},[40,61931,51],{"class":50},[40,61933,55],{"class":54},[40,61935,213],{"class":212},[40,61937,3632],{"class":216},[40,61939,213],{"class":212},[40,61941,73],{"class":54},[40,61943,61944,61946,61948,61950,61952,61954,61956,61958],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,61945,253],{"class":46},[40,61947,289],{"class":54},[40,61949,13320],{"class":91},[40,61951,88],{"class":54},[40,61953,213],{"class":212},[40,61955,60331],{"class":216},[40,61957,213],{"class":212},[40,61959,95],{"class":54},[40,61961,61962],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,61963,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,61965,61966,61968,61970,61972],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,61967,101],{"class":84},[40,61969,88],{"class":54},[40,61971,253],{"class":91},[40,61973,95],{"class":54},[40,61975,61976],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,61977,61978],{"class":3449},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[792,61980,61982],{"id":61981},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[31,61984,61986],{"className":33,"code":61985,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61987,61988,62004],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,61989,61990,61992,61994,61996,61998,62000,62002],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,61991,47],{"class":46},[40,61993,51],{"class":50},[40,61995,55],{"class":54},[40,61997,658],{"class":58},[40,61999,62],{"class":54},[40,62001,663],{"class":58},[40,62003,73],{"class":54},[40,62005,62006,62008,62010,62012,62014,62016],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,62007,92],{"class":46},[40,62009,289],{"class":54},[40,62011,53220],{"class":91},[40,62013,88],{"class":54},[40,62015,682],{"class":58},[40,62017,95],{"class":54},[20,62019,39408,62020,6329],{},[15,62021,682],{},[20,62023,62024,62025,62027,62028,62031],{},"You will get a ",[15,62026,2790],{},". See ",[282,62029,62030],{"href":52346},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62033,62034],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[31,62036,62038],{"className":33,"code":62037,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62039,62040,62050,62064,62076],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62041,62042,62044,62046,62048],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62043,101],{"class":84},[40,62045,88],{"class":54},[40,62047,1272],{"class":91},[40,62049,95],{"class":54},[40,62051,62052,62054,62056,62058,62060,62062],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,62053,101],{"class":84},[40,62055,88],{"class":54},[40,62057,1297],{"class":609},[40,62059,88],{"class":54},[40,62061,5137],{"class":91},[40,62063,256],{"class":54},[40,62065,62066,62068,62070,62072,62074],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,62067,101],{"class":84},[40,62069,88],{"class":54},[40,62071,2048],{"class":91},[40,62073,18],{"class":54},[40,62075,95],{"class":46},[40,62077,62078,62080,62082,62084,62086,62088],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,62079,31913],{"class":84},[40,62081,88],{"class":54},[40,62083,610],{"class":609},[40,62085,289],{"class":54},[40,62087,53220],{"class":24512},[40,62089,95],{"class":54},[43332,62091,62092],{},[20,62093,62094,62095,62098,62099,62101,62102,289],{},"Note: ",[15,62096,62097],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62100,18],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62103,32788],{},[20,62105,62106],{},"Correct debugging example:",[31,62108,62110],{"className":33,"code":62109,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62111,62112,62128,62144,62148,62162,62166,62174,62184,62198,62208],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62113,62114,62116,62118,62120,62122,62124,62126],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62115,8079],{"class":46},[40,62117,51],{"class":50},[40,62119,55],{"class":54},[40,62121,658],{"class":58},[40,62123,62],{"class":54},[40,62125,663],{"class":58},[40,62127,73],{"class":54},[40,62129,62130,62132,62134,62136,62138,62140,62142],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,62131,3610],{"class":46},[40,62133,51],{"class":50},[40,62135,55],{"class":54},[40,62137,401],{"class":58},[40,62139,62],{"class":54},[40,62141,675],{"class":58},[40,62143,73],{"class":54},[40,62145,62146],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,62147,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,62149,62150,62152,62154,62156,62158,62160],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,62151,1272],{"class":46},[40,62153,289],{"class":54},[40,62155,53220],{"class":91},[40,62157,88],{"class":54},[40,62159,5137],{"class":91},[40,62161,95],{"class":54},[40,62163,62164],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,62165,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,62167,62168,62170,62172],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,62169,2013],{"class":46},[40,62171,51],{"class":50},[40,62173,48279],{"class":1494},[40,62175,62176,62178,62180,62182],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,62177,101],{"class":84},[40,62179,88],{"class":54},[40,62181,1272],{"class":91},[40,62183,95],{"class":54},[40,62185,62186,62188,62190,62192,62194,62196],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,62187,101],{"class":84},[40,62189,88],{"class":54},[40,62191,1297],{"class":609},[40,62193,88],{"class":54},[40,62195,5137],{"class":91},[40,62197,256],{"class":54},[40,62199,62200,62202,62204,62206],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,62201,101],{"class":84},[40,62203,88],{"class":54},[40,62205,2048],{"class":91},[40,62207,95],{"class":54},[40,62209,62210,62212,62214,62216,62218,62220],{"class":42,"line":6214},[40,62211,31913],{"class":84},[40,62213,88],{"class":54},[40,62215,610],{"class":609},[40,62217,289],{"class":54},[40,62219,53220],{"class":24512},[40,62221,95],{"class":54},[129,62223,1345,62225],{"id":62224},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62226,53190],{},[20,62228,123,62229,6095],{},[15,62230,53190],{},[134,62232,62233,62236,62239],{},[137,62234,62235],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[137,62237,62238],{},"Add multiple values at once",[137,62240,62241],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62243,5251],{},[31,62245,62247],{"className":33,"code":62246,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62248,62249,62266,62284,62288,62304,62308,62318],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62250,62251,62254,62256,62258,62260,62262,62264],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62252,62253],{"class":46},"all_scores ",[40,62255,51],{"class":50},[40,62257,55],{"class":54},[40,62259,13269],{"class":58},[40,62261,62],{"class":54},[40,62263,13274],{"class":58},[40,62265,73],{"class":54},[40,62267,62268,62271,62273,62275,62277,62279,62282],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,62269,62270],{"class":46},"new_scores ",[40,62272,51],{"class":50},[40,62274,55],{"class":54},[40,62276,51257],{"class":58},[40,62278,62],{"class":54},[40,62280,62281],{"class":58}," 92",[40,62283,73],{"class":54},[40,62285,62286],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,62287,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,62289,62290,62293,62295,62297,62299,62302],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,62291,62292],{"class":46},"all_scores",[40,62294,289],{"class":54},[40,62296,53220],{"class":91},[40,62298,88],{"class":54},[40,62300,62301],{"class":91},"new_scores",[40,62303,95],{"class":54},[40,62305,62306],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,62307,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,62309,62310,62312,62314,62316],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,62311,101],{"class":84},[40,62313,88],{"class":54},[40,62315,62292],{"class":91},[40,62317,95],{"class":54},[40,62319,62320],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,62321,62322],{"class":3449},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62324,62325,62326,62328,62329,289],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62327,52399],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[282,62330,55263,62331,10510],{"href":53652},[15,62332,54011],{},[129,62334,1636],{"id":1635},[792,62336,12474,62338,55212],{"id":62337},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62339,53091],{},[20,62341,62342,62343,289],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62344,3565],{},[792,62346,4957,62348,4176,62350,2275],{"id":62347},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62349,53190],{},[15,62351,52399],{},[20,62353,62354,62356,62357,62359],{},[15,62355,53190],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62358,52399],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[792,62361,1671,62363,62365],{"id":62362},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62364,53190],{}," with a string?",[20,62367,62368],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[792,62370,1671,62372,62374],{"id":62371},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62373,53190],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62376,62377],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[792,62379,62381,62382,2275],{"id":62380},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62383,53190],{},[20,62385,62386,62387,62389],{},"You get a ",[15,62388,2790],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[129,62391,1687],{"id":1686},[134,62393,62394,62400,62404,62408,62412,62418,62422],{},[137,62395,62396],{},[282,62397,55263,62398,10510],{"href":56511},[15,62399,52399],{},[137,62401,62402],{},[282,62403,54021],{"href":52793},[137,62405,62406],{},[282,62407,56971],{"href":56896},[137,62409,62410],{},[282,62411,623],{"href":622},[137,62413,62414],{},[282,62415,55263,62416,10510],{"href":53652},[15,62417,54011],{},[137,62419,62420],{},[282,62421,62030],{"href":52346},[137,62423,62424],{},[282,62425,55263,62426,10510],{"href":54703},[15,62427,12546],{},[20,62429,62430,62431,62433,62434,62436],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62432,52399],{},", when to use ",[15,62435,54011],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1715,62438,62439],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":62441},[62442,62443,62445,62446,62447,62454,62461,62462,62470,62472,62484],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":60839,"depth":76,"text":62444},"What list.extend() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":60920,"depth":76,"text":60921},{"id":61057,"depth":76,"text":62448,"children":62449},"extend() vs append()",[62450,62452],{"id":61071,"depth":98,"text":62451},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61134,"depth":98,"text":62453},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61220,"depth":76,"text":62455,"children":62456},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62457,62458,62459,62460],{"id":61231,"depth":98,"text":61232},{"id":61295,"depth":98,"text":61296},{"id":61361,"depth":98,"text":61362},{"id":61435,"depth":98,"text":61436},{"id":61495,"depth":76,"text":61496},{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":62463},[62464,62466,62468,62469],{"id":61707,"depth":98,"text":62465},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61780,"depth":98,"text":62467},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61852,"depth":98,"text":61853},{"id":61981,"depth":98,"text":61982},{"id":62224,"depth":76,"text":62471},"When to use extend()",{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":62473},[62474,62476,62478,62480,62482],{"id":62337,"depth":98,"text":62475},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62347,"depth":98,"text":62477},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62362,"depth":98,"text":62479},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62371,"depth":98,"text":62481},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62380,"depth":98,"text":62483},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60743,"description":62485},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62492,"title":62493,"body":62494,"description":64585,"extension":1746,"meta":64586,"navigation":360,"path":64587,"seo":64588,"stem":64589,"__hash__":64590},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62495,"toc":64548},[62496,62499,62504,62510,62521,62527,62529,62598,62600,62649,62657,62661,62666,62669,62680,62685,62687,62689,62710,62723,62726,62739,62741,62746,62771,62773,62781,62784,62853,62855,62879,62885,62889,62893,62929,62931,62951,62958,62962,62995,62997,63031,63036,63040,63073,63075,63103,63111,63115,63152,63154,63175,63178,63182,63251,63253,63277,63283,63290,63294,63297,63299,63313,63316,63340,63342,63367,63370,63389,63391,63417,63426,63430,63437,63514,63516,63557,63563,63569,63660,63662,63718,63721,63726,63730,63735,63739,63798,63800,63825,63829,63892,63894,63919,63923,63986,63988,64031,64034,64038,64042,64064,64068,64150,64152,64187,64195,64197,64201,64205,64207,64234,64239,64241,64268,64275,64278,64301,64303,64352,64355,64358,64377,64381,64384,64435,64438,64444,64448,64453,64456,64458,64464,64473,64477,64483,64487,64490,64494,64497,64501,64507,64509,64545],[10,62497,62493],{"id":62498},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62500,8894,62501,62503],{},[15,62502,24543],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62505,62506,62507,62509],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62508,24543],{}," for two main reasons:",[134,62511,62512,62515],{},[137,62513,62514],{},"to make an empty list",[137,62516,62517,62518,62520],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62519,59738],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62522,62523,62524,62526],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62525,24543],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[129,62528,1787],{"id":1786},[31,62530,62532],{"className":33,"code":62531,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62533,62534,62556,62574,62578,62588],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62535,62536,62538,62540,62542,62544,62546,62548,62550,62552,62554],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62537,47],{"class":46},[40,62539,51],{"class":50},[40,62541,22321],{"class":609},[40,62543,5289],{"class":54},[40,62545,658],{"class":58},[40,62547,62],{"class":54},[40,62549,663],{"class":58},[40,62551,62],{"class":54},[40,62553,749],{"class":58},[40,62555,256],{"class":54},[40,62557,62558,62560,62562,62564,62566,62568,62570,62572],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,62559,1000],{"class":46},[40,62561,51],{"class":50},[40,62563,22321],{"class":609},[40,62565,88],{"class":54},[40,62567,213],{"class":212},[40,62569,41313],{"class":216},[40,62571,213],{"class":212},[40,62573,95],{"class":54},[40,62575,62576],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,62577,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,62579,62580,62582,62584,62586],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,62581,101],{"class":84},[40,62583,88],{"class":54},[40,62585,92],{"class":91},[40,62587,95],{"class":54},[40,62589,62590,62592,62594,62596],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,62591,101],{"class":84},[40,62593,88],{"class":54},[40,62595,1043],{"class":91},[40,62597,95],{"class":54},[20,62599,111],{},[31,62601,62603],{"className":33,"code":62602,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62604,62605,62621],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62606,62607,62609,62611,62613,62615,62617,62619],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62608,565],{"class":54},[40,62610,658],{"class":58},[40,62612,62],{"class":54},[40,62614,663],{"class":58},[40,62616,62],{"class":54},[40,62618,749],{"class":58},[40,62620,73],{"class":54},[40,62622,62623,62625,62627,62629,62631,62633,62635,62637,62639,62641,62643,62645,62647],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,62624,565],{"class":54},[40,62626,3087],{"class":212},[40,62628,282],{"class":216},[40,62630,3087],{"class":212},[40,62632,62],{"class":54},[40,62634,3082],{"class":212},[40,62636,1017],{"class":216},[40,62638,3087],{"class":212},[40,62640,62],{"class":54},[40,62642,3082],{"class":212},[40,62644,1026],{"class":216},[40,62646,3087],{"class":212},[40,62648,73],{"class":54},[20,62650,123,62651,62653,62654,62656],{},[15,62652,24543],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62655,59738],{},", set, or dictionary.",[129,62658,62660],{"id":62659},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62662,62663,62665],{},[15,62664,24543],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62667,62668],{},"It can:",[134,62670,62671,62674,62677],{},[137,62672,62673],{},"create a new list object",[137,62675,62676],{},"make an empty list",[137,62678,62679],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62681,62682,62683,289],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[282,62684,623],{"href":622},[129,62686,1940],{"id":1939},[20,62688,26248],{},[31,62690,62692],{"className":33,"code":62691,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62693,62694,62700],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62695,62696,62698],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62697,610],{"class":609},[40,62699,8413],{"class":54},[40,62701,62702,62704,62706,62708],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,62703,610],{"class":609},[40,62705,88],{"class":54},[40,62707,3507],{"class":91},[40,62709,95],{"class":54},[134,62711,62712,62717],{},[137,62713,62714,62716],{},[15,62715,24543],{}," makes an empty list",[137,62718,62719,62722],{},[15,62720,62721],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62724,62725],{},"Common iterable values include:",[134,62727,62728,62730,62732,62734,62737],{},[137,62729,5087],{},[137,62731,5081],{},[137,62733,5084],{},[137,62735,62736],{},"ranges",[137,62738,7028],{},[129,62740,59360],{"id":59359},[20,62742,123,62743,62745],{},[15,62744,24543],{}," with no arguments:",[31,62747,62749],{"className":33,"code":62748,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62750,62751,62761],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62752,62753,62755,62757,62759],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62754,479],{"class":46},[40,62756,51],{"class":50},[40,62758,22321],{"class":609},[40,62760,8413],{"class":54},[40,62762,62763,62765,62767,62769],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,62764,101],{"class":84},[40,62766,88],{"class":54},[40,62768,497],{"class":91},[40,62770,95],{"class":54},[20,62772,111],{},[31,62774,62775],{"className":33,"code":38053,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,62776,62777],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62778,62779],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62780,38053],{"class":54},[20,62782,62783],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[31,62785,62787],{"className":33,"code":62786,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62788,62789,62799,62803,62821,62839,62843],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62790,62791,62793,62795,62797],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62792,479],{"class":46},[40,62794,51],{"class":50},[40,62796,22321],{"class":609},[40,62798,8413],{"class":54},[40,62800,62801],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,62802,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,62804,62805,62807,62809,62811,62813,62815,62817,62819],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,62806,497],{"class":46},[40,62808,289],{"class":54},[40,62810,13320],{"class":91},[40,62812,88],{"class":54},[40,62814,213],{"class":212},[40,62816,3862],{"class":216},[40,62818,213],{"class":212},[40,62820,95],{"class":54},[40,62822,62823,62825,62827,62829,62831,62833,62835,62837],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,62824,497],{"class":46},[40,62826,289],{"class":54},[40,62828,13320],{"class":91},[40,62830,88],{"class":54},[40,62832,213],{"class":212},[40,62834,3871],{"class":216},[40,62836,213],{"class":212},[40,62838,95],{"class":54},[40,62840,62841],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,62842,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,62844,62845,62847,62849,62851],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,62846,101],{"class":84},[40,62848,88],{"class":54},[40,62850,497],{"class":91},[40,62852,95],{"class":54},[20,62854,111],{},[31,62856,62857],{"className":33,"code":38177,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,62858,62859],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62860,62861,62863,62865,62867,62869,62871,62873,62875,62877],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62862,565],{"class":54},[40,62864,3087],{"class":212},[40,62866,3862],{"class":216},[40,62868,3087],{"class":212},[40,62870,62],{"class":54},[40,62872,3082],{"class":212},[40,62874,3871],{"class":216},[40,62876,3087],{"class":212},[40,62878,73],{"class":54},[20,62880,62881,62882,62884],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62883,3574],{},". Both are valid.",[129,62886,62888],{"id":62887},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[792,62890,62892],{"id":62891},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[31,62894,62895],{"className":33,"code":59658,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,62896,62897,62919],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62898,62899,62901,62903,62905,62907,62909,62911,62913,62915,62917],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62900,47],{"class":46},[40,62902,51],{"class":50},[40,62904,22321],{"class":609},[40,62906,5289],{"class":54},[40,62908,658],{"class":58},[40,62910,62],{"class":54},[40,62912,663],{"class":58},[40,62914,62],{"class":54},[40,62916,749],{"class":58},[40,62918,256],{"class":54},[40,62920,62921,62923,62925,62927],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,62922,101],{"class":84},[40,62924,88],{"class":54},[40,62926,92],{"class":91},[40,62928,95],{"class":54},[20,62930,111],{},[31,62932,62933],{"className":33,"code":54893,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,62934,62935],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62936,62937,62939,62941,62943,62945,62947,62949],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62938,565],{"class":54},[40,62940,658],{"class":58},[40,62942,62],{"class":54},[40,62944,663],{"class":58},[40,62946,62],{"class":54},[40,62948,749],{"class":58},[40,62950,73],{"class":54},[20,62952,62953,62954,289],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[282,62955,62957],{"href":62956},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[792,62959,62961],{"id":62960},"string-to-list","String to list",[31,62963,62965],{"className":33,"code":62964,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62966,62967,62985],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,62968,62969,62971,62973,62975,62977,62979,62981,62983],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,62970,1000],{"class":46},[40,62972,51],{"class":50},[40,62974,22321],{"class":609},[40,62976,88],{"class":54},[40,62978,213],{"class":212},[40,62980,217],{"class":216},[40,62982,213],{"class":212},[40,62984,95],{"class":54},[40,62986,62987,62989,62991,62993],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,62988,101],{"class":84},[40,62990,88],{"class":54},[40,62992,1043],{"class":91},[40,62994,95],{"class":54},[20,62996,111],{},[31,62998,63000],{"className":33,"code":62999,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63001,63002],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63003,63004,63006,63008,63010,63012,63014,63016,63018,63020,63022,63024,63027,63029],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63005,565],{"class":54},[40,63007,3087],{"class":212},[40,63009,1026],{"class":216},[40,63011,3087],{"class":212},[40,63013,62],{"class":54},[40,63015,3082],{"class":212},[40,63017,282],{"class":216},[40,63019,3087],{"class":212},[40,63021,62],{"class":54},[40,63023,3082],{"class":212},[40,63025,63026],{"class":216},"t",[40,63028,3087],{"class":212},[40,63030,73],{"class":54},[20,63032,63033,63035],{},[15,63034,24543],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[792,63037,63039],{"id":63038},"range-to-list","Range to list",[31,63041,63043],{"className":33,"code":63042,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63044,63045,63063],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63046,63047,63049,63051,63053,63055,63057,63059,63061],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63048,47],{"class":46},[40,63050,51],{"class":50},[40,63052,22321],{"class":609},[40,63054,88],{"class":54},[40,63056,59738],{"class":84},[40,63058,88],{"class":54},[40,63060,682],{"class":58},[40,63062,256],{"class":54},[40,63064,63065,63067,63069,63071],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,63066,101],{"class":84},[40,63068,88],{"class":54},[40,63070,92],{"class":91},[40,63072,95],{"class":54},[20,63074,111],{},[31,63076,63077],{"className":33,"code":59761,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,63078,63079],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63080,63081,63083,63085,63087,63089,63091,63093,63095,63097,63099,63101],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63082,565],{"class":54},[40,63084,192],{"class":58},[40,63086,62],{"class":54},[40,63088,1226],{"class":58},[40,63090,62],{"class":54},[40,63092,663],{"class":58},[40,63094,62],{"class":54},[40,63096,749],{"class":58},[40,63098,62],{"class":54},[40,63100,675],{"class":58},[40,63102,73],{"class":54},[20,63104,63105,63106,63110],{},"This is common when working with ",[282,63107,63108],{"href":35951},[15,63109,35954],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[792,63112,63114],{"id":63113},"set-to-list","Set to list",[31,63116,63118],{"className":33,"code":63117,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63119,63120,63142],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63121,63122,63124,63126,63128,63130,63132,63134,63136,63138,63140],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63123,3610],{"class":46},[40,63125,51],{"class":50},[40,63127,22321],{"class":609},[40,63129,5308],{"class":54},[40,63131,59],{"class":58},[40,63133,62],{"class":54},[40,63135,65],{"class":58},[40,63137,62],{"class":54},[40,63139,70],{"class":58},[40,63141,30256],{"class":54},[40,63143,63144,63146,63148,63150],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,63145,101],{"class":84},[40,63147,88],{"class":54},[40,63149,5137],{"class":91},[40,63151,95],{"class":54},[20,63153,16724],{},[31,63155,63157],{"className":33,"code":63156,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63158,63159],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63160,63161,63163,63165,63167,63169,63171,63173],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63162,565],{"class":54},[40,63164,59],{"class":58},[40,63166,62],{"class":54},[40,63168,65],{"class":58},[40,63170,62],{"class":54},[40,63172,70],{"class":58},[40,63174,73],{"class":54},[20,63176,63177],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[792,63179,63181],{"id":63180},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[31,63183,63185],{"className":33,"code":63184,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63186,63187,63223,63237,63241],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63188,63189,63191,63193,63195,63197,63199,63201,63203,63205,63207,63209,63211,63213,63215,63217,63219,63221],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63190,12971],{"class":46},[40,63192,51],{"class":50},[40,63194,10260],{"class":54},[40,63196,213],{"class":212},[40,63198,7446],{"class":216},[40,63200,213],{"class":212},[40,63202,2669],{"class":54},[40,63204,224],{"class":212},[40,63206,1517],{"class":216},[40,63208,213],{"class":212},[40,63210,62],{"class":54},[40,63212,224],{"class":212},[40,63214,9069],{"class":216},[40,63216,213],{"class":212},[40,63218,2669],{"class":54},[40,63220,9076],{"class":58},[40,63222,9079],{"class":54},[40,63224,63225,63227,63229,63231,63233,63235],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,63226,2013],{"class":46},[40,63228,51],{"class":50},[40,63230,22321],{"class":609},[40,63232,88],{"class":54},[40,63234,17072],{"class":91},[40,63236,95],{"class":54},[40,63238,63239],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,63240,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,63242,63243,63245,63247,63249],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,63244,101],{"class":84},[40,63246,88],{"class":54},[40,63248,2048],{"class":91},[40,63250,95],{"class":54},[20,63252,111],{},[31,63254,63255],{"className":33,"code":25243,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,63256,63257],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63258,63259,63261,63263,63265,63267,63269,63271,63273,63275],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63260,565],{"class":54},[40,63262,3087],{"class":212},[40,63264,7446],{"class":216},[40,63266,3087],{"class":212},[40,63268,62],{"class":54},[40,63270,3082],{"class":212},[40,63272,9069],{"class":216},[40,63274,3087],{"class":212},[40,63276,73],{"class":54},[20,63278,63279,63280,63282],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63281,24543],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63284,63285,63286,289],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[282,63287,63289],{"href":63288},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[129,63291,63293],{"id":63292},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63295,63296],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63298,60894],{},[134,63300,63301,63303,63305,63307,63309,63311],{},[137,63302,5078],{},[137,63304,5081],{},[137,63306,5087],{},[137,63308,5084],{},[137,63310,62736],{},[137,63312,7028],{},[20,63314,63315],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[31,63317,63319],{"className":33,"code":63318,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63320,63321],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63322,63323,63325,63327,63329,63331,63333,63336,63338],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63324,101],{"class":84},[40,63326,88],{"class":54},[40,63328,610],{"class":609},[40,63330,88],{"class":54},[40,63332,213],{"class":212},[40,63334,63335],{"class":216},"hi",[40,63337,213],{"class":212},[40,63339,256],{"class":54},[20,63341,111],{},[31,63343,63345],{"className":33,"code":63344,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63346,63347],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63348,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357,63359,63361,63363,63365],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63350,565],{"class":54},[40,63352,3087],{"class":212},[40,63354,60178],{"class":216},[40,63356,3087],{"class":212},[40,63358,62],{"class":54},[40,63360,3082],{"class":212},[40,63362,1578],{"class":216},[40,63364,3087],{"class":212},[40,63366,73],{"class":54},[20,63368,63369],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[31,63371,63373],{"className":33,"code":63372,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63374,63375],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63376,63377,63379,63381,63383,63385,63387],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63378,101],{"class":84},[40,63380,88],{"class":54},[40,63382,610],{"class":609},[40,63384,88],{"class":54},[40,63386,682],{"class":58},[40,63388,256],{"class":54},[20,63390,111],{},[31,63392,63394],{"className":33,"code":63393,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63395,63396],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63397,63398,63400,63402,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412,63414],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63399,2790],{"class":609},[40,63401,2669],{"class":54},[40,63403,3082],{"class":212},[40,63405,1972],{"class":216},[40,63407,3087],{"class":212},[40,63409,24379],{"class":609},[40,63411,613],{"class":50},[40,63413,7872],{"class":50},[40,63415,63416],{"class":46}," iterable\n",[20,63418,63419,63420,63422,63423,289],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[282,63421,4915],{"href":5365},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[282,63424,63425],{"href":52346},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[129,63427,63429],{"id":63428},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63431,63432,63433,63436],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63434,63435],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[31,63438,63440],{"className":33,"code":63439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63441,63442,63462,63476,63480,63490,63500],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63443,63444,63446,63448,63450,63452,63454,63456,63458,63460],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63445,11855],{"class":46},[40,63447,51],{"class":50},[40,63449,55],{"class":54},[40,63451,658],{"class":58},[40,63453,62],{"class":54},[40,63455,663],{"class":58},[40,63457,62],{"class":54},[40,63459,749],{"class":58},[40,63461,73],{"class":54},[40,63463,63464,63466,63468,63470,63472,63474],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,63465,14079],{"class":46},[40,63467,51],{"class":50},[40,63469,22321],{"class":609},[40,63471,88],{"class":54},[40,63473,11902],{"class":91},[40,63475,95],{"class":54},[40,63477,63478],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,63479,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,63481,63482,63484,63486,63488],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,63483,101],{"class":84},[40,63485,88],{"class":54},[40,63487,11902],{"class":91},[40,63489,95],{"class":54},[40,63491,63492,63494,63496,63498],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,63493,101],{"class":84},[40,63495,88],{"class":54},[40,63497,14098],{"class":91},[40,63499,95],{"class":54},[40,63501,63502,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,63503,101],{"class":84},[40,63505,88],{"class":54},[40,63507,11855],{"class":91},[40,63509,11963],{"class":535},[40,63511,14152],{"class":91},[40,63513,95],{"class":54},[20,63515,111],{},[31,63517,63519],{"className":33,"code":63518,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63520,63521,63537,63553],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63522,63523,63525,63527,63529,63531,63533,63535],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63524,565],{"class":54},[40,63526,658],{"class":58},[40,63528,62],{"class":54},[40,63530,663],{"class":58},[40,63532,62],{"class":54},[40,63534,749],{"class":58},[40,63536,73],{"class":54},[40,63538,63539,63541,63543,63545,63547,63549,63551],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,63540,565],{"class":54},[40,63542,658],{"class":58},[40,63544,62],{"class":54},[40,63546,663],{"class":58},[40,63548,62],{"class":54},[40,63550,749],{"class":58},[40,63552,73],{"class":54},[40,63554,63555],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,63556,3824],{"class":1494},[20,63558,63559,63560,63562],{},"This means ",[15,63561,14098],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63564,63565,63566,63568],{},"However, this is only a ",[183,63567,12620],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[31,63570,63572],{"className":33,"code":63571,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63573,63574,63600,63614,63618,63636,63640,63650],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63575,63576,63578,63580,63582,63584,63586,63588,63590,63592,63594,63596,63598],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63577,11855],{"class":46},[40,63579,51],{"class":50},[40,63581,655],{"class":54},[40,63583,658],{"class":58},[40,63585,62],{"class":54},[40,63587,663],{"class":58},[40,63589,666],{"class":54},[40,63591,55],{"class":54},[40,63593,401],{"class":58},[40,63595,62],{"class":54},[40,63597,675],{"class":58},[40,63599,690],{"class":54},[40,63601,63602,63604,63606,63608,63610,63612],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,63603,14079],{"class":46},[40,63605,51],{"class":50},[40,63607,22321],{"class":609},[40,63609,88],{"class":54},[40,63611,11902],{"class":91},[40,63613,95],{"class":54},[40,63615,63616],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,63617,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,63619,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,63621,14098],{"class":46},[40,63623,565],{"class":54},[40,63625,192],{"class":58},[40,63627,13317],{"class":54},[40,63629,13320],{"class":91},[40,63631,88],{"class":54},[40,63633,56089],{"class":58},[40,63635,95],{"class":54},[40,63637,63638],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,63639,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,63641,63642,63644,63646,63648],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,63643,101],{"class":84},[40,63645,88],{"class":54},[40,63647,11902],{"class":91},[40,63649,95],{"class":54},[40,63651,63652,63654,63656,63658],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,63653,101],{"class":84},[40,63655,88],{"class":54},[40,63657,14098],{"class":91},[40,63659,95],{"class":54},[20,63661,111],{},[31,63663,63664],{"className":33,"code":56120,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,63665,63666,63692],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63667,63668,63670,63672,63674,63676,63678,63680,63682,63684,63686,63688,63690],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63669,56127],{"class":54},[40,63671,658],{"class":58},[40,63673,62],{"class":54},[40,63675,663],{"class":58},[40,63677,62],{"class":54},[40,63679,9966],{"class":58},[40,63681,666],{"class":54},[40,63683,55],{"class":54},[40,63685,401],{"class":58},[40,63687,62],{"class":54},[40,63689,675],{"class":58},[40,63691,690],{"class":54},[40,63693,63694,63696,63698,63700,63702,63704,63706,63708,63710,63712,63714,63716],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,63695,56127],{"class":54},[40,63697,658],{"class":58},[40,63699,62],{"class":54},[40,63701,663],{"class":58},[40,63703,62],{"class":54},[40,63705,9966],{"class":58},[40,63707,666],{"class":54},[40,63709,55],{"class":54},[40,63711,401],{"class":58},[40,63713,62],{"class":54},[40,63715,675],{"class":58},[40,63717,690],{"class":54},[20,63719,63720],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63722,63723,63724,289],{},"For more on this, see ",[282,63725,13558],{"href":13557},[129,63727,63729],{"id":63728},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63731,63732,63733,289],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63734,24543],{},[792,63736,63738],{"id":63737},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[31,63740,63742],{"className":33,"code":63741,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63743,63744,63784],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63745,63746,63748,63750,63752,63754,63756,63758,63760,63762,63764,63766,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780,63782],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63747,12633],{"class":46},[40,63749,51],{"class":50},[40,63751,10260],{"class":54},[40,63753,213],{"class":212},[40,63755,7446],{"class":216},[40,63757,213],{"class":212},[40,63759,2669],{"class":54},[40,63761,224],{"class":212},[40,63763,7696],{"class":216},[40,63765,213],{"class":212},[40,63767,62],{"class":54},[40,63769,224],{"class":212},[40,63771,19652],{"class":216},[40,63773,213],{"class":212},[40,63775,2669],{"class":54},[40,63777,224],{"class":212},[40,63779,22006],{"class":216},[40,63781,213],{"class":212},[40,63783,9079],{"class":54},[40,63785,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,63787,101],{"class":84},[40,63789,88],{"class":54},[40,63791,610],{"class":609},[40,63793,88],{"class":54},[40,63795,13393],{"class":91},[40,63797,256],{"class":54},[20,63799,111],{},[31,63801,63803],{"className":33,"code":63802,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63804,63805],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63806,63807,63809,63811,63813,63815,63817,63819,63821,63823],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63808,565],{"class":54},[40,63810,3087],{"class":212},[40,63812,7446],{"class":216},[40,63814,3087],{"class":212},[40,63816,62],{"class":54},[40,63818,3082],{"class":212},[40,63820,19652],{"class":216},[40,63822,3087],{"class":212},[40,63824,73],{"class":54},[792,63826,63828],{"id":63827},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[31,63830,63832],{"className":33,"code":63831,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63833,63834,63874],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63835,63836,63838,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856,63858,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870,63872],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63837,12633],{"class":46},[40,63839,51],{"class":50},[40,63841,10260],{"class":54},[40,63843,213],{"class":212},[40,63845,7446],{"class":216},[40,63847,213],{"class":212},[40,63849,2669],{"class":54},[40,63851,224],{"class":212},[40,63853,7696],{"class":216},[40,63855,213],{"class":212},[40,63857,62],{"class":54},[40,63859,224],{"class":212},[40,63861,19652],{"class":216},[40,63863,213],{"class":212},[40,63865,2669],{"class":54},[40,63867,224],{"class":212},[40,63869,22006],{"class":216},[40,63871,213],{"class":212},[40,63873,9079],{"class":54},[40,63875,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886,63888,63890],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,63877,101],{"class":84},[40,63879,88],{"class":54},[40,63881,610],{"class":609},[40,63883,88],{"class":54},[40,63885,13393],{"class":91},[40,63887,289],{"class":54},[40,63889,5137],{"class":91},[40,63891,6067],{"class":54},[20,63893,111],{},[31,63895,63897],{"className":33,"code":63896,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63898,63899],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63900,63901,63903,63905,63907,63909,63911,63913,63915,63917],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63902,565],{"class":54},[40,63904,3087],{"class":212},[40,63906,7696],{"class":216},[40,63908,3087],{"class":212},[40,63910,62],{"class":54},[40,63912,3082],{"class":212},[40,63914,22006],{"class":216},[40,63916,3087],{"class":212},[40,63918,73],{"class":54},[792,63920,63922],{"id":63921},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[31,63924,63926],{"className":33,"code":63925,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63927,63928,63968],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63929,63930,63932,63934,63936,63938,63940,63942,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962,63964,63966],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63931,12633],{"class":46},[40,63933,51],{"class":50},[40,63935,10260],{"class":54},[40,63937,213],{"class":212},[40,63939,7446],{"class":216},[40,63941,213],{"class":212},[40,63943,2669],{"class":54},[40,63945,224],{"class":212},[40,63947,7696],{"class":216},[40,63949,213],{"class":212},[40,63951,62],{"class":54},[40,63953,224],{"class":212},[40,63955,19652],{"class":216},[40,63957,213],{"class":212},[40,63959,2669],{"class":54},[40,63961,224],{"class":212},[40,63963,22006],{"class":216},[40,63965,213],{"class":212},[40,63967,9079],{"class":54},[40,63969,63970,63972,63974,63976,63978,63980,63982,63984],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,63971,101],{"class":84},[40,63973,88],{"class":54},[40,63975,610],{"class":609},[40,63977,88],{"class":54},[40,63979,13393],{"class":91},[40,63981,289],{"class":54},[40,63983,497],{"class":91},[40,63985,6067],{"class":54},[20,63987,111],{},[31,63989,63991],{"className":33,"code":63990,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63992,63993],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,63994,63995,63997,63999,64001,64003,64005,64007,64009,64011,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,63996,21501],{"class":54},[40,63998,3087],{"class":212},[40,64000,7446],{"class":216},[40,64002,3087],{"class":212},[40,64004,62],{"class":54},[40,64006,3082],{"class":212},[40,64008,7696],{"class":216},[40,64010,3087],{"class":212},[40,64012,9003],{"class":54},[40,64014,9006],{"class":54},[40,64016,3087],{"class":212},[40,64018,19652],{"class":216},[40,64020,3087],{"class":212},[40,64022,62],{"class":54},[40,64024,3082],{"class":212},[40,64026,22006],{"class":216},[40,64028,3087],{"class":212},[40,64030,9019],{"class":54},[20,64032,64033],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[129,64035,64037],{"id":64036},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64039,123,64040,10371],{},[15,64041,24543],{},[134,64043,64044,64052,64061],{},[137,64045,64046,64047,2662,64049],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64048,52399],{},[15,64050,64051],{},"sort()",[137,64053,64054,64055,2662,64057,64060],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64056,35954],{},[15,64058,64059],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[137,64062,64063],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64065,45793,64066,2669],{},[15,64067,64059],{},[31,64069,64071],{"className":33,"code":64070,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64072,64073,64097,64113,64117,64140],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64074,64075,64077,64079,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64076,1508],{"class":46},[40,64078,51],{"class":50},[40,64080,55],{"class":54},[40,64082,213],{"class":212},[40,64084,1517],{"class":216},[40,64086,213],{"class":212},[40,64088,62],{"class":54},[40,64090,224],{"class":212},[40,64092,1526],{"class":216},[40,64094,213],{"class":212},[40,64096,73],{"class":54},[40,64098,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,64100,4842],{"class":46},[40,64102,51],{"class":50},[40,64104,55],{"class":54},[40,64106,13269],{"class":58},[40,64108,62],{"class":54},[40,64110,13274],{"class":58},[40,64112,73],{"class":54},[40,64114,64115],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,64116,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,64118,64119,64121,64123,64125,64127,64130,64132,64134,64136,64138],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,64120,8985],{"class":46},[40,64122,51],{"class":50},[40,64124,22321],{"class":609},[40,64126,88],{"class":54},[40,64128,64129],{"class":84},"zip",[40,64131,88],{"class":54},[40,64133,1566],{"class":91},[40,64135,62],{"class":54},[40,64137,4889],{"class":91},[40,64139,256],{"class":54},[40,64141,64142,64144,64146,64148],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,64143,101],{"class":84},[40,64145,88],{"class":54},[40,64147,9032],{"class":91},[40,64149,95],{"class":54},[20,64151,111],{},[31,64153,64155],{"className":33,"code":64154,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64156,64157],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64158,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64160,21501],{"class":54},[40,64162,3087],{"class":212},[40,64164,1517],{"class":216},[40,64166,3087],{"class":212},[40,64168,62],{"class":54},[40,64170,19659],{"class":58},[40,64172,9003],{"class":54},[40,64174,9006],{"class":54},[40,64176,3087],{"class":212},[40,64178,1526],{"class":216},[40,64180,3087],{"class":212},[40,64182,62],{"class":54},[40,64184,13274],{"class":58},[40,64186,9019],{"class":54},[20,64188,64189,64190,64192,64193,289],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64191,52399],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[282,64194,52794],{"href":52793},[129,64196,790],{"id":789},[20,64198,56518,64199,289],{},[15,64200,24543],{},[792,64202,64204],{"id":64203},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64206,4307],{},[31,64208,64210],{"className":33,"code":64209,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64211,64212,64216],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64213,64214],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64215,4317],{"class":3449},[40,64217,64218,64220,64222,64224,64226,64228,64230,64232],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,64219,610],{"class":609},[40,64221,88],{"class":54},[40,64223,658],{"class":58},[40,64225,62],{"class":54},[40,64227,663],{"class":58},[40,64229,62],{"class":54},[40,64231,749],{"class":58},[40,64233,95],{"class":54},[20,64235,64236,64238],{},[15,64237,24543],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64240,18457],{},[31,64242,64244],{"className":33,"code":64243,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64245,64246],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64247,64248,64250,64252,64254,64256,64258,64260,64262,64264,64266],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64249,101],{"class":84},[40,64251,88],{"class":54},[40,64253,610],{"class":609},[40,64255,5289],{"class":54},[40,64257,658],{"class":58},[40,64259,62],{"class":54},[40,64261,663],{"class":58},[40,64263,62],{"class":54},[40,64265,749],{"class":58},[40,64267,2697],{"class":54},[792,64269,64271,64272],{"id":64270},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[40,64273,64274],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64276,64277],{},"This is a common surprise:",[31,64279,64281],{"className":33,"code":64280,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64282,64283],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64284,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64286,101],{"class":84},[40,64288,88],{"class":54},[40,64290,610],{"class":609},[40,64292,88],{"class":54},[40,64294,213],{"class":212},[40,64296,3632],{"class":216},[40,64298,213],{"class":212},[40,64300,256],{"class":54},[20,64302,111],{},[31,64304,64306],{"className":33,"code":64305,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64307,64308],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64309,64310,64312,64314,64316,64318,64320,64322,64324,64326,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348,64350],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64311,565],{"class":54},[40,64313,3087],{"class":212},[40,64315,60178],{"class":216},[40,64317,3087],{"class":212},[40,64319,62],{"class":54},[40,64321,3082],{"class":212},[40,64323,60187],{"class":216},[40,64325,3087],{"class":212},[40,64327,62],{"class":54},[40,64329,3082],{"class":212},[40,64331,60196],{"class":216},[40,64333,3087],{"class":212},[40,64335,62],{"class":54},[40,64337,3082],{"class":212},[40,64339,60196],{"class":216},[40,64341,3087],{"class":212},[40,64343,62],{"class":54},[40,64345,3082],{"class":212},[40,64347,60213],{"class":216},[40,64349,3087],{"class":212},[40,64351,73],{"class":54},[20,64353,64354],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64356,64357],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[31,64359,64361],{"className":33,"code":64360,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64362,64363],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64364,64365,64367,64369,64371,64373,64375],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64366,101],{"class":84},[40,64368,2771],{"class":54},[40,64370,213],{"class":212},[40,64372,3632],{"class":216},[40,64374,213],{"class":212},[40,64376,570],{"class":54},[792,64378,64380],{"id":64379},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64382,64383],{},"This:",[31,64385,64387],{"className":33,"code":64386,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64388,64389,64421],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64390,64391,64393,64395,64397,64399,64401,64403,64405,64407,64409,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64392,650],{"class":46},[40,64394,51],{"class":50},[40,64396,10260],{"class":54},[40,64398,213],{"class":212},[40,64400,282],{"class":216},[40,64402,213],{"class":212},[40,64404,2669],{"class":54},[40,64406,1226],{"class":58},[40,64408,62],{"class":54},[40,64410,224],{"class":212},[40,64412,1017],{"class":216},[40,64414,213],{"class":212},[40,64416,2669],{"class":54},[40,64418,663],{"class":58},[40,64420,9079],{"class":54},[40,64422,64423,64425,64427,64429,64431,64433],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,64424,101],{"class":84},[40,64426,88],{"class":54},[40,64428,610],{"class":609},[40,64430,88],{"class":54},[40,64432,703],{"class":91},[40,64434,256],{"class":54},[20,64436,64437],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64439,123,64440,64443],{},[15,64441,64442],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[792,64445,64447],{"id":64446},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64449,64450,64452],{},[15,64451,24543],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64454,64455],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[129,64457,1636],{"id":1635},[792,64459,4957,64461,64463],{"id":64460},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[40,64462],{}," and list()?",[20,64465,64466,64467,64469,64470,64472],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64468,3574],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64471,24543],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[792,64474,64476],{"id":64475},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64478,64479,64480,64482],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64481,24543],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[792,64484,64486],{"id":64485},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64488,64489],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[792,64491,64493],{"id":64492},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64495,64496],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[792,64498,64500],{"id":64499},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64502,64503,64504,64506],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64505,24543],{}," cannot loop through it.",[129,64508,1687],{"id":1686},[134,64510,64511,64515,64520,64524,64528,64532,64536,64541],{},[137,64512,64513],{},[282,64514,623],{"href":622},[137,64516,64517],{},[282,64518,64519],{"href":35951},"Python range() function explained",[137,64521,64522],{},[282,64523,62957],{"href":62956},[137,64525,64526],{},[282,64527,63289],{"href":63288},[137,64529,64530],{},[282,64531,4994],{"href":5365},[137,64533,64534],{},[282,64535,13558],{"href":13557},[137,64537,64538],{},[282,64539,64540],{"href":52346},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[137,64542,64543],{},[282,64544,54021],{"href":52793},[1715,64546,64547],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":64549},[64550,64551,64552,64553,64554,64561,64562,64563,64568,64569,64576,64584],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":62659,"depth":76,"text":62660},{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":59359,"depth":76,"text":59360},{"id":62887,"depth":76,"text":62888,"children":64555},[64556,64557,64558,64559,64560],{"id":62891,"depth":98,"text":62892},{"id":62960,"depth":98,"text":62961},{"id":63038,"depth":98,"text":63039},{"id":63113,"depth":98,"text":63114},{"id":63180,"depth":98,"text":63181},{"id":63292,"depth":76,"text":63293},{"id":63428,"depth":76,"text":63429},{"id":63728,"depth":76,"text":63729,"children":64564},[64565,64566,64567],{"id":63737,"depth":98,"text":63738},{"id":63827,"depth":98,"text":63828},{"id":63921,"depth":98,"text":63922},{"id":64036,"depth":76,"text":64037},{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":64570},[64571,64572,64574,64575],{"id":64203,"depth":98,"text":64204},{"id":64270,"depth":98,"text":64573},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64379,"depth":98,"text":64380},{"id":64446,"depth":98,"text":64447},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":64577},[64578,64580,64581,64582,64583],{"id":64460,"depth":98,"text":64579},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64475,"depth":98,"text":64476},{"id":64485,"depth":98,"text":64486},{"id":64492,"depth":98,"text":64493},{"id":64499,"depth":98,"text":64500},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62493,"description":64585},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64592,"title":64593,"body":64594,"description":65942,"extension":1746,"meta":65943,"navigation":360,"path":65944,"seo":65945,"stem":65946,"__hash__":65947},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64595,"toc":65916},[64596,64601,64607,64616,64618,64691,64700,64705,64709,64725,64729,64731,64733,64752,64755,64783,64786,64811,64819,64821,64825,64831,64833,64890,64892,64900,64906,64910,64913,64986,64988,64996,64999,65022,65029,65035,65039,65045,65116,65118,65126,65135,65142,65149,65157,65301,65303,65320,65323,65361,65364,65368,65373,65375,65434,65440,65443,65550,65552,65567,65570,65577,65579,65583,65731,65734,65795,65798,65801,65822,65827,65831,65842,65845,65847,65852,65855,65863,65868,65874,65877,65883,65891,65893,65913],[10,64597,54085,64599,11091],{"id":64598},"python-list-index-method",[15,64600,58710],{},[20,64602,64603,64606],{},[15,64604,64605],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64608,64609,64610,64613,64614,289],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[183,64611,64612],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64615,40459],{},[129,64617,3396],{"id":3395},[31,64619,64621],{"className":33,"code":64620,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64622,64623,64655,64678],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64624,64625,64627,64629,64631,64633,64635,64637,64639,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649,64651,64653],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64626,479],{"class":46},[40,64628,51],{"class":50},[40,64630,55],{"class":54},[40,64632,213],{"class":212},[40,64634,3862],{"class":216},[40,64636,213],{"class":212},[40,64638,62],{"class":54},[40,64640,224],{"class":212},[40,64642,3871],{"class":216},[40,64644,213],{"class":212},[40,64646,62],{"class":54},[40,64648,224],{"class":212},[40,64650,3880],{"class":216},[40,64652,213],{"class":212},[40,64654,73],{"class":54},[40,64656,64657,64660,64662,64664,64666,64668,64670,64672,64674,64676],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,64658,64659],{"class":46},"position ",[40,64661,51],{"class":50},[40,64663,5742],{"class":46},[40,64665,289],{"class":54},[40,64667,35610],{"class":91},[40,64669,88],{"class":54},[40,64671,213],{"class":212},[40,64673,3871],{"class":216},[40,64675,213],{"class":212},[40,64677,95],{"class":54},[40,64679,64680,64682,64684,64687,64689],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,64681,101],{"class":84},[40,64683,88],{"class":54},[40,64685,64686],{"class":91},"position",[40,64688,18],{"class":54},[40,64690,27540],{"class":3449},[20,64692,123,64693,64696,64697,64699],{},[15,64694,64695],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64698,40459],{}," if the item is not found.",[129,64701,158,64703,3466],{"id":64702},"what-listindex-does",[15,64704,64605],{},[20,64706,64707,2669],{},[15,64708,64605],{},[134,64710,64711,64714,64717,64722],{},[137,64712,64713],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[137,64715,64716],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[137,64718,64719,64720],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64721,192],{},[137,64723,64724],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64726,54310,64727,289],{},[282,64728,623],{"href":54313},[129,64730,1940],{"id":1939},[20,64732,30485],{},[31,64734,64736],{"className":33,"code":64735,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64737,64738],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64739,64740,64742,64744,64746,64748,64750],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64741,1272],{"class":46},[40,64743,289],{"class":54},[40,64745,35610],{"class":91},[40,64747,88],{"class":54},[40,64749,2255],{"class":91},[40,64751,95],{"class":54},[20,64753,64754],{},"You can also limit the search:",[31,64756,64758],{"className":33,"code":64757,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64759,64760],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64761,64762,64764,64766,64768,64770,64772,64774,64776,64778,64781],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64763,1272],{"class":46},[40,64765,289],{"class":54},[40,64767,35610],{"class":91},[40,64769,88],{"class":54},[40,64771,2255],{"class":91},[40,64773,62],{"class":54},[40,64775,35810],{"class":91},[40,64777,62],{"class":54},[40,64779,64780],{"class":91}," end",[40,64782,95],{"class":54},[20,64784,64785],{},"Here is what each part means:",[134,64787,64788,64793,64798,64803],{},[137,64789,64790,64792],{},[15,64791,2255],{},": the item to search for",[137,64794,64795,64797],{},[15,64796,35831],{},": where the search begins",[137,64799,64800,64802],{},[15,64801,52406],{},": where the search stops",[137,64804,64805,1156,64807,64810],{},[15,64806,52406],{},[183,64808,64809],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64812,64813,64814,64816,64817,289],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64815,35831],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64818,52406],{},[129,64820,37776],{"id":37775},[20,64822,64823,167],{},[15,64824,64605],{},[20,64826,64827,64828,277],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[183,64829,64830],{},"first match",[20,64832,195],{},[31,64834,64836],{"className":33,"code":64835,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64837,64838,64858,64876,64880],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64839,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852,64854,64856],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64841,47],{"class":46},[40,64843,51],{"class":50},[40,64845,55],{"class":54},[40,64847,59],{"class":58},[40,64849,62],{"class":54},[40,64851,65],{"class":58},[40,64853,62],{"class":54},[40,64855,70],{"class":58},[40,64857,73],{"class":54},[40,64859,64860,64862,64864,64866,64868,64870,64872,64874],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,64861,2013],{"class":46},[40,64863,51],{"class":50},[40,64865,4045],{"class":46},[40,64867,289],{"class":54},[40,64869,35610],{"class":91},[40,64871,88],{"class":54},[40,64873,15521],{"class":58},[40,64875,95],{"class":54},[40,64877,64878],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,64879,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,64881,64882,64884,64886,64888],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,64883,101],{"class":84},[40,64885,88],{"class":54},[40,64887,2048],{"class":91},[40,64889,95],{"class":54},[20,64891,111],{},[31,64893,64894],{"className":33,"code":46669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,64895,64896],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64897,64898],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64899,46669],{"class":58},[20,64901,64902,64903,64905],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64904,58710],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[129,64907,64909],{"id":64908},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64911,64912],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[31,64914,64916],{"className":33,"code":64915,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64917,64918,64950,64972,64976],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64919,64920,64922,64924,64926,64928,64930,64932,64934,64936,64938,64940,64942,64944,64946,64948],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64921,35995],{"class":46},[40,64923,51],{"class":50},[40,64925,55],{"class":54},[40,64927,213],{"class":212},[40,64929,3862],{"class":216},[40,64931,213],{"class":212},[40,64933,62],{"class":54},[40,64935,224],{"class":212},[40,64937,3871],{"class":216},[40,64939,213],{"class":212},[40,64941,62],{"class":54},[40,64943,224],{"class":212},[40,64945,3880],{"class":216},[40,64947,213],{"class":212},[40,64949,73],{"class":54},[40,64951,64952,64954,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968,64970],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,64953,64659],{"class":46},[40,64955,51],{"class":50},[40,64957,52596],{"class":46},[40,64959,289],{"class":54},[40,64961,35610],{"class":91},[40,64963,88],{"class":54},[40,64965,213],{"class":212},[40,64967,3880],{"class":216},[40,64969,213],{"class":212},[40,64971,95],{"class":54},[40,64973,64974],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,64975,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,64977,64978,64980,64982,64984],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,64979,101],{"class":84},[40,64981,88],{"class":54},[40,64983,64686],{"class":91},[40,64985,95],{"class":54},[20,64987,111],{},[31,64989,64990],{"className":33,"code":1489,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,64991,64992],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,64993,64994],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,64995,1489],{"class":58},[20,64997,64998],{},"In this list:",[134,65000,65001,65008,65015],{},[137,65002,65003,65005,65006],{},[15,65004,57576],{}," is at index ",[15,65007,192],{},[137,65009,65010,65005,65013],{},[15,65011,65012],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65014,658],{},[137,65016,65017,65005,65020],{},[15,65018,65019],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65021,744],{},[20,65023,53397,65024,398,65027,289],{},[15,65025,65026],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65028,744],{},[20,65030,51295,65031,289],{},[282,65032,65034],{"href":65033},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[129,65036,65038],{"id":65037},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65040,65041,65042,65044],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65043,58710],{}," returns the first match only.",[31,65046,65048],{"className":33,"code":65047,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65049,65050,65090,65094],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65051,65052,65054,65056,65058,65060,65062,65064,65066,65068,65070,65072,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65053,309],{"class":46},[40,65055,51],{"class":50},[40,65057,55],{"class":54},[40,65059,213],{"class":212},[40,65061,318],{"class":216},[40,65063,213],{"class":212},[40,65065,62],{"class":54},[40,65067,224],{"class":212},[40,65069,336],{"class":216},[40,65071,213],{"class":212},[40,65073,62],{"class":54},[40,65075,224],{"class":212},[40,65077,318],{"class":216},[40,65079,213],{"class":212},[40,65081,62],{"class":54},[40,65083,224],{"class":212},[40,65085,327],{"class":216},[40,65087,213],{"class":212},[40,65089,73],{"class":54},[40,65091,65092],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,65093,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,65095,65096,65098,65100,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112,65114],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,65097,101],{"class":84},[40,65099,88],{"class":54},[40,65101,353],{"class":91},[40,65103,289],{"class":54},[40,65105,35610],{"class":91},[40,65107,88],{"class":54},[40,65109,213],{"class":212},[40,65111,318],{"class":216},[40,65113,213],{"class":212},[40,65115,256],{"class":54},[20,65117,111],{},[31,65119,65120],{"className":33,"code":504,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,65121,65122],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65123,65124],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65125,504],{"class":58},[20,65127,269,65128,65131,65132,65134],{},[15,65129,65130],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65133,192],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65136,65137,65138,289],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[282,65139,55263,65140,10510],{"href":58768},[15,65141,57033],{},[129,65143,795,65145,4176,65147],{"id":65144},"using-start-and-end",[15,65146,35831],{},[15,65148,52406],{},[20,65150,65151,65152,4176,65154,65156],{},"The optional ",[15,65153,35831],{},[15,65155,52406],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[31,65158,65160],{"className":33,"code":65159,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65161,65162,65210,65214,65239,65268],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65163,65164,65166,65168,65170,65172,65174,65176,65178,65180,65182,65184,65186,65188,65190,65192,65194,65196,65198,65200,65202,65204,65206,65208],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65165,1000],{"class":46},[40,65167,51],{"class":50},[40,65169,55],{"class":54},[40,65171,213],{"class":212},[40,65173,282],{"class":216},[40,65175,213],{"class":212},[40,65177,62],{"class":54},[40,65179,224],{"class":212},[40,65181,1017],{"class":216},[40,65183,213],{"class":212},[40,65185,62],{"class":54},[40,65187,224],{"class":212},[40,65189,1026],{"class":216},[40,65191,213],{"class":212},[40,65193,62],{"class":54},[40,65195,224],{"class":212},[40,65197,1017],{"class":216},[40,65199,213],{"class":212},[40,65201,62],{"class":54},[40,65203,224],{"class":212},[40,65205,18530],{"class":216},[40,65207,213],{"class":212},[40,65209,73],{"class":54},[40,65211,65212],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,65213,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,65215,65216,65218,65220,65222,65224,65226,65228,65230,65232,65234,65236],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,65217,101],{"class":84},[40,65219,88],{"class":54},[40,65221,1043],{"class":91},[40,65223,289],{"class":54},[40,65225,35610],{"class":91},[40,65227,88],{"class":54},[40,65229,213],{"class":212},[40,65231,1017],{"class":216},[40,65233,213],{"class":212},[40,65235,5140],{"class":54},[40,65237,65238],{"class":3449},"        # first match\n",[40,65240,65241,65243,65245,65247,65249,65251,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,65242,101],{"class":84},[40,65244,88],{"class":54},[40,65246,1043],{"class":91},[40,65248,289],{"class":54},[40,65250,35610],{"class":91},[40,65252,88],{"class":54},[40,65254,213],{"class":212},[40,65256,1017],{"class":216},[40,65258,213],{"class":212},[40,65260,62],{"class":54},[40,65262,663],{"class":58},[40,65264,5140],{"class":54},[40,65266,65267],{"class":3449},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[40,65269,65270,65272,65274,65276,65278,65280,65282,65284,65286,65288,65290,65292,65294,65296,65298],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,65271,101],{"class":84},[40,65273,88],{"class":54},[40,65275,1043],{"class":91},[40,65277,289],{"class":54},[40,65279,35610],{"class":91},[40,65281,88],{"class":54},[40,65283,213],{"class":212},[40,65285,1017],{"class":216},[40,65287,213],{"class":212},[40,65289,62],{"class":54},[40,65291,1226],{"class":58},[40,65293,62],{"class":54},[40,65295,675],{"class":58},[40,65297,5140],{"class":54},[40,65299,65300],{"class":3449},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65302,111],{},[31,65304,65306],{"className":33,"code":65305,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65307,65308,65312,65316],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65309,65310],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65311,46669],{"class":58},[40,65313,65314],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,65315,114],{"class":58},[40,65317,65318],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,65319,46669],{"class":58},[20,65321,65322],{},"How this works:",[134,65324,65325,65336,65349],{},[137,65326,65327,65330,65331,65333,65334],{},[15,65328,65329],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65332,1083],{}," at index ",[15,65335,658],{},[137,65337,65338,65341,65342,65344,65345,65333,65347],{},[15,65339,65340],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65343,744],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65346,1083],{},[15,65348,401],{},[137,65350,65351,65354,65355,1973,65357,16837,65359],{},[15,65352,65353],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65356,658],{},[15,65358,744],{},[15,65360,401],{},[20,65362,65363],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[129,65365,65367],{"id":65366},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65369,65370,65371,289],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65372,40459],{},[20,65374,195],{},[31,65376,65378],{"className":33,"code":65377,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65379,65380,65412],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65381,65382,65384,65386,65388,65390,65392,65394,65396,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65383,479],{"class":46},[40,65385,51],{"class":50},[40,65387,55],{"class":54},[40,65389,213],{"class":212},[40,65391,3862],{"class":216},[40,65393,213],{"class":212},[40,65395,62],{"class":54},[40,65397,224],{"class":212},[40,65399,3871],{"class":216},[40,65401,213],{"class":212},[40,65403,62],{"class":54},[40,65405,224],{"class":212},[40,65407,3880],{"class":216},[40,65409,213],{"class":212},[40,65411,73],{"class":54},[40,65413,65414,65416,65418,65420,65422,65424,65426,65428,65430,65432],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,65415,101],{"class":84},[40,65417,88],{"class":54},[40,65419,497],{"class":91},[40,65421,289],{"class":54},[40,65423,35610],{"class":91},[40,65425,88],{"class":54},[40,65427,213],{"class":212},[40,65429,32982],{"class":216},[40,65431,213],{"class":212},[40,65433,256],{"class":54},[20,65435,39408,65436,65439],{},[15,65437,65438],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65441,65442],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[31,65444,65446],{"className":33,"code":65445,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65447,65448,65480,65493,65497,65510,65529,65535],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65449,65450,65452,65454,65456,65458,65460,65462,65464,65466,65468,65470,65472,65474,65476,65478],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65451,479],{"class":46},[40,65453,51],{"class":50},[40,65455,55],{"class":54},[40,65457,213],{"class":212},[40,65459,3862],{"class":216},[40,65461,213],{"class":212},[40,65463,62],{"class":54},[40,65465,224],{"class":212},[40,65467,3871],{"class":216},[40,65469,213],{"class":212},[40,65471,62],{"class":54},[40,65473,224],{"class":212},[40,65475,3880],{"class":216},[40,65477,213],{"class":212},[40,65479,73],{"class":54},[40,65481,65482,65485,65487,65489,65491],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,65483,65484],{"class":46},"search_value ",[40,65486,51],{"class":50},[40,65488,224],{"class":212},[40,65490,32982],{"class":216},[40,65492,3146],{"class":212},[40,65494,65495],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,65496,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,65498,65499,65501,65504,65506,65508],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,65500,536],{"class":535},[40,65502,65503],{"class":46}," search_value ",[40,65505,1554],{"class":50},[40,65507,5742],{"class":46},[40,65509,553],{"class":54},[40,65511,65512,65514,65516,65518,65520,65522,65524,65527],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,65513,558],{"class":84},[40,65515,88],{"class":54},[40,65517,497],{"class":91},[40,65519,289],{"class":54},[40,65521,35610],{"class":91},[40,65523,88],{"class":54},[40,65525,65526],{"class":91},"search_value",[40,65528,256],{"class":54},[40,65530,65531,65533],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,65532,576],{"class":535},[40,65534,553],{"class":54},[40,65536,65537,65539,65541,65543,65546,65548],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,65538,558],{"class":84},[40,65540,88],{"class":54},[40,65542,213],{"class":212},[40,65544,65545],{"class":216},"Item not found",[40,65547,213],{"class":212},[40,65549,95],{"class":54},[20,65551,111],{},[31,65553,65555],{"className":33,"code":65554,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Item not found\n",[15,65556,65557],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65558,65559,65562,65564],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65560,65561],{"class":46},"Item ",[40,65563,185],{"class":50},[40,65565,65566],{"class":46}," found\n",[20,65568,65569],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65571,65572,65573,289],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[282,65574,65576],{"href":65575},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[129,65578,790],{"id":789},[20,65580,20972,65581,2669],{},[15,65582,64605],{},[134,65584,65585,65603,65615,65675],{},[137,65586,25535,65587,398,65589,65592,65593,65595,65596,4938,65598,65600,65601,289],{},[15,65588,58710],{},[15,65590,65591],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9615,65594],{},"\nPython does ",[183,65597,185],{},[15,65599,65591],{},". It raises ",[15,65602,40459],{},[137,65604,65605,65606,65608,65611,65612,65614],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9615,65607],{},[15,65609,65610],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65613,65012],{},", not the value itself.",[137,65616,795,65617,799,65620,65622,65624,65625,850,65627,65650,807,65652],{},[15,65618,65619],{},"index[]",[15,65621,58710],{},[9615,65623],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9615,65626],{},[31,65628,65630],{"className":33,"code":65629,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65631,65632],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65633,65634,65636,65638,65640,65642,65644,65646,65648],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65635,497],{"class":46},[40,65637,289],{"class":54},[40,65639,35610],{"class":91},[40,65641,88],{"class":54},[40,65643,213],{"class":212},[40,65645,3871],{"class":216},[40,65647,213],{"class":212},[40,65649,95],{"class":54},[9615,65651],{},[31,65653,65655],{"className":33,"code":65654,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65656,65657],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65658,65659,65661,65663,65665,65667,65669,65671,65673],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65660,497],{"class":46},[40,65662,289],{"class":54},[40,65664,35610],{"class":24512},[40,65666,565],{"class":54},[40,65668,213],{"class":212},[40,65670,3871],{"class":216},[40,65672,213],{"class":212},[40,65674,73],{"class":54},[137,65676,65677,65678,65680,4176,65683,65685,65686],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9615,65679],{},[15,65681,65682],{},"\"3\"",[15,65684,401],{}," are different values in Python.",[31,65687,65689],{"className":33,"code":65688,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65690,65691,65711],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65692,65693,65695,65697,65699,65701,65703,65705,65707,65709],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65694,47],{"class":46},[40,65696,51],{"class":50},[40,65698,55],{"class":54},[40,65700,658],{"class":58},[40,65702,62],{"class":54},[40,65704,663],{"class":58},[40,65706,62],{"class":54},[40,65708,749],{"class":58},[40,65710,73],{"class":54},[40,65712,65713,65715,65717,65719,65721,65723,65725,65727,65729],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,65714,101],{"class":84},[40,65716,88],{"class":54},[40,65718,213],{"class":212},[40,65720,401],{"class":216},[40,65722,213],{"class":212},[40,65724,20934],{"class":535},[40,65726,4045],{"class":91},[40,65728,18],{"class":54},[40,65730,4553],{"class":3449},[20,65732,65733],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[31,65735,65737],{"className":33,"code":65736,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65738,65739,65749,65763,65777],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65740,65741,65743,65745,65747],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65742,101],{"class":84},[40,65744,88],{"class":54},[40,65746,1272],{"class":91},[40,65748,95],{"class":54},[40,65750,65751,65753,65755,65757,65759,65761],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,65752,101],{"class":84},[40,65754,88],{"class":54},[40,65756,1297],{"class":609},[40,65758,88],{"class":54},[40,65760,65526],{"class":91},[40,65762,256],{"class":54},[40,65764,65765,65767,65769,65771,65773,65775],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,65766,101],{"class":84},[40,65768,88],{"class":54},[40,65770,65484],{"class":91},[40,65772,1554],{"class":535},[40,65774,8166],{"class":91},[40,65776,95],{"class":54},[40,65778,65779,65781,65783,65785,65787,65789,65791,65793],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,65780,101],{"class":84},[40,65782,88],{"class":54},[40,65784,1272],{"class":91},[40,65786,289],{"class":54},[40,65788,35610],{"class":91},[40,65790,88],{"class":54},[40,65792,65526],{"class":91},[40,65794,256],{"class":54},[20,65796,65797],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65799,65800],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[134,65802,65803,65806,65813,65819],{},[137,65804,65805],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[137,65807,65808,65809,799,65811],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65810,65682],{},[15,65812,401],{},[137,65814,65815,65816,65818],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65817,58710],{}," returns only the first one",[137,65820,65821],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[129,65823,1345,65825],{"id":65824},"when-to-use-index",[15,65826,58710],{},[20,65828,123,65829,10371],{},[15,65830,58710],{},[134,65832,65833,65836,65839],{},[137,65834,65835],{},"You need the position of a known value",[137,65837,65838],{},"You are working with a small list",[137,65840,65841],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65843,65844],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[129,65846,1636],{"id":1635},[792,65848,1650,65850,4923],{"id":65849},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65851,64605],{},[20,65853,65854],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[792,65856,12474,65858,4938,65860,65862],{"id":65857},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65859,64605],{},[15,65861,65591],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65864,65865,65866,6409],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65867,40459],{},[792,65869,4947,65871,65873],{"id":65870},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65872,64605],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65875,65876],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[792,65878,65880,65881,2275],{"id":65879},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65882,58710],{},[20,65884,65885,65886,4176,65888,65890],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65887,35831],{},[15,65889,52406],{}," arguments.",[129,65892,1687],{"id":1686},[134,65894,65895,65899,65903,65907],{},[137,65896,65897],{},[282,65898,58698],{"href":65033},[137,65900,65901],{},[282,65902,623],{"href":54313},[137,65904,65905],{},[282,65906,65576],{"href":65575},[137,65908,65909],{},[282,65910,55263,65911,10510],{"href":58768},[15,65912,57033],{},[1715,65914,65915],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":65917},[65918,65919,65921,65922,65923,65924,65925,65927,65928,65929,65931,65941],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":64702,"depth":76,"text":65920},"What list.index() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":37775,"depth":76,"text":37776},{"id":64908,"depth":76,"text":64909},{"id":65037,"depth":76,"text":65038},{"id":65144,"depth":76,"text":65926},"Using start and end",{"id":65366,"depth":76,"text":65367},{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790},{"id":65824,"depth":76,"text":65930},"When to use index()",{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":65932},[65933,65935,65937,65939],{"id":65849,"depth":98,"text":65934},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65857,"depth":98,"text":65936},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65870,"depth":98,"text":65938},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65879,"depth":98,"text":65940},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64593,"description":65942},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65949,"title":65950,"body":65951,"description":67892,"extension":1746,"meta":67893,"navigation":360,"path":67894,"seo":67895,"stem":67896,"__hash__":67897},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65952,"toc":67852},[65953,65958,65963,65966,65975,66032,66038,66043,66047,66061,66067,66069,66092,66109,66111,66172,66174,66206,66218,66220,66223,66323,66325,66403,66409,66413,66421,66425,66431,66486,66488,66512,66516,66519,66572,66574,66598,66602,66605,66658,66660,66684,66688,66694,66765,66767,66808,66814,66821,66824,66829,66837,66842,66850,66852,66949,66951,67020,67027,67032,67034,67038,67043,67045,67116,67118,67147,67153,67155,67182,67185,67208,67212,67215,67237,67240,67263,67265,67325,67327,67359,67365,67370,67423,67425,67450,67453,67502,67504,67525,67529,67534,67537,67592,67594,67621,67628,67632,67637,67708,67711,67725,67730,67735,67737,67751,67763,67768,67770,67775,67780,67784,67787,67793,67799,67806,67814,67816,67849],[10,65954,54085,65956,11091],{"id":65955},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65957,54011],{},[20,65959,65960,65962],{},[15,65961,53655],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65964,65965],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65967,123,65968,65970,65971,289],{},[15,65969,54011],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[282,65972,55263,65973,10510],{"href":56511},[15,65974,52399],{},[31,65976,65978],{"className":33,"code":65977,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65979,65980,66000,66018,66028],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,65981,65982,65984,65986,65988,65990,65992,65994,65996,65998],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,65983,47],{"class":46},[40,65985,51],{"class":50},[40,65987,55],{"class":54},[40,65989,658],{"class":58},[40,65991,62],{"class":54},[40,65993,663],{"class":58},[40,65995,62],{"class":54},[40,65997,675],{"class":58},[40,65999,73],{"class":54},[40,66001,66002,66004,66006,66008,66010,66012,66014,66016],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,66003,92],{"class":46},[40,66005,289],{"class":54},[40,66007,53695],{"class":91},[40,66009,88],{"class":54},[40,66011,744],{"class":58},[40,66013,62],{"class":54},[40,66015,749],{"class":58},[40,66017,95],{"class":54},[40,66019,66020,66022,66024,66026],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,66021,101],{"class":84},[40,66023,88],{"class":54},[40,66025,92],{"class":91},[40,66027,95],{"class":54},[40,66029,66030],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,66031,52469],{"class":3449},[20,66033,123,66034,66037],{},[15,66035,66036],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[129,66039,158,66041,3466],{"id":66040},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66042,53655],{},[20,66044,66045,2669],{},[15,66046,53655],{},[134,66048,66049,66052,66055,66057],{},[137,66050,66051],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[137,66053,66054],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[137,66056,54171],{},[137,66058,11193,66059],{},[15,66060,3565],{},[20,66062,66063,66064,66066],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66065,54011],{}," does not create a new list.",[129,66068,5210],{"id":5209},[31,66070,66072],{"className":33,"code":66071,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66073,66074],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66075,66076,66078,66080,66082,66084,66086,66088,66090],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66077,1272],{"class":46},[40,66079,289],{"class":54},[40,66081,53695],{"class":91},[40,66083,88],{"class":54},[40,66085,35610],{"class":91},[40,66087,62],{"class":54},[40,66089,29267],{"class":91},[40,66091,95],{"class":54},[134,66093,66094,66099,66104],{},[137,66095,66096,66098],{},[15,66097,35610],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[137,66100,66101,66103],{},[15,66102,23072],{}," is the value to add",[137,66105,66106,66107],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66108,192],{},[20,66110,195],{},[31,66112,66114],{"className":33,"code":66113,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66115,66116,66140,66162],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66117,66118,66120,66122,66124,66126,66128,66130,66132,66134,66136,66138],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66119,1000],{"class":46},[40,66121,51],{"class":50},[40,66123,55],{"class":54},[40,66125,213],{"class":212},[40,66127,282],{"class":216},[40,66129,213],{"class":212},[40,66131,62],{"class":54},[40,66133,224],{"class":212},[40,66135,1026],{"class":216},[40,66137,213],{"class":212},[40,66139,73],{"class":54},[40,66141,66142,66144,66146,66148,66150,66152,66154,66156,66158,66160],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,66143,1043],{"class":46},[40,66145,289],{"class":54},[40,66147,53695],{"class":91},[40,66149,88],{"class":54},[40,66151,658],{"class":58},[40,66153,62],{"class":54},[40,66155,224],{"class":212},[40,66157,1017],{"class":216},[40,66159,213],{"class":212},[40,66161,95],{"class":54},[40,66163,66164,66166,66168,66170],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,66165,101],{"class":84},[40,66167,88],{"class":54},[40,66169,1043],{"class":91},[40,66171,95],{"class":54},[20,66173,111],{},[31,66175,66176],{"className":33,"code":42627,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,66177,66178],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66179,66180,66182,66184,66186,66188,66190,66192,66194,66196,66198,66200,66202,66204],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66181,565],{"class":54},[40,66183,3087],{"class":212},[40,66185,282],{"class":216},[40,66187,3087],{"class":212},[40,66189,62],{"class":54},[40,66191,3082],{"class":212},[40,66193,1017],{"class":216},[40,66195,3087],{"class":212},[40,66197,62],{"class":54},[40,66199,3082],{"class":212},[40,66201,1026],{"class":216},[40,66203,3087],{"class":212},[40,66205,73],{"class":54},[20,66207,20532,66208,66210,66211,66213,66214,4176,66216,289],{},[15,66209,1083],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66212,658],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66215,1076],{},[15,66217,1090],{},[129,66219,293],{"id":292},[20,66221,66222],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[31,66224,66226],{"className":33,"code":66225,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66227,66228,66260,66278,66282,66304],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66229,66230,66232,66234,66236,66238,66240,66242,66244,66246,66248,66250,66252,66254,66256,66258],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66231,309],{"class":46},[40,66233,51],{"class":50},[40,66235,55],{"class":54},[40,66237,213],{"class":212},[40,66239,318],{"class":216},[40,66241,213],{"class":212},[40,66243,62],{"class":54},[40,66245,224],{"class":212},[40,66247,336],{"class":216},[40,66249,213],{"class":212},[40,66251,62],{"class":54},[40,66253,224],{"class":212},[40,66255,327],{"class":216},[40,66257,213],{"class":212},[40,66259,73],{"class":54},[40,66261,66262,66264,66266,66268,66270,66272,66274,66276],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,66263,101],{"class":84},[40,66265,88],{"class":54},[40,66267,213],{"class":212},[40,66269,11334],{"class":216},[40,66271,213],{"class":212},[40,66273,62],{"class":54},[40,66275,12890],{"class":91},[40,66277,95],{"class":54},[40,66279,66280],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,66281,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,66283,66284,66286,66288,66290,66292,66294,66296,66298,66300,66302],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,66285,353],{"class":46},[40,66287,289],{"class":54},[40,66289,53695],{"class":91},[40,66291,88],{"class":54},[40,66293,658],{"class":58},[40,66295,62],{"class":54},[40,66297,224],{"class":212},[40,66299,22285],{"class":216},[40,66301,213],{"class":212},[40,66303,95],{"class":54},[40,66305,66306,66308,66310,66312,66315,66317,66319,66321],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,66307,101],{"class":84},[40,66309,88],{"class":54},[40,66311,213],{"class":212},[40,66313,66314],{"class":216},"After: ",[40,66316,213],{"class":212},[40,66318,62],{"class":54},[40,66320,12890],{"class":91},[40,66322,95],{"class":54},[20,66324,111],{},[31,66326,66328],{"className":33,"code":66327,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66329,66330,66362],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66331,66332,66334,66336,66338,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348,66350,66352,66354,66356,66358,66360],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66333,11394],{"class":46},[40,66335,2669],{"class":54},[40,66337,55],{"class":54},[40,66339,3087],{"class":212},[40,66341,318],{"class":216},[40,66343,3087],{"class":212},[40,66345,62],{"class":54},[40,66347,3082],{"class":212},[40,66349,336],{"class":216},[40,66351,3087],{"class":212},[40,66353,62],{"class":54},[40,66355,3082],{"class":212},[40,66357,327],{"class":216},[40,66359,3087],{"class":212},[40,66361,73],{"class":54},[40,66363,66364,66366,66368,66371,66373,66375,66377,66379,66381,66383,66385,66387,66389,66391,66393,66395,66397,66399,66401],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,66365,11447],{"class":46},[40,66367,2669],{"class":54},[40,66369,66370],{"class":54},"  [",[40,66372,3087],{"class":212},[40,66374,318],{"class":216},[40,66376,3087],{"class":212},[40,66378,62],{"class":54},[40,66380,3082],{"class":212},[40,66382,22285],{"class":216},[40,66384,3087],{"class":212},[40,66386,62],{"class":54},[40,66388,3082],{"class":212},[40,66390,336],{"class":216},[40,66392,3087],{"class":212},[40,66394,62],{"class":54},[40,66396,3082],{"class":212},[40,66398,327],{"class":216},[40,66400,3087],{"class":212},[40,66402,73],{"class":54},[20,66404,66405,66406,66408],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66407,658],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[129,66410,66412],{"id":66411},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66414,606,66415,35093,66417,66420],{},[15,66416,35610],{},[15,66418,66419],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[792,66422,66424],{"id":66423},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66426,66427,66428,66430],{},"Use index ",[15,66429,192],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[31,66432,66434],{"className":33,"code":66433,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66435,66436,66457,66476],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66437,66438,66441,66443,66445,66447,66449,66451,66453,66455],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66439,66440],{"class":46},"nums ",[40,66442,51],{"class":50},[40,66444,55],{"class":54},[40,66446,744],{"class":58},[40,66448,62],{"class":54},[40,66450,749],{"class":58},[40,66452,62],{"class":54},[40,66454,675],{"class":58},[40,66456,73],{"class":54},[40,66458,66459,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470,66472,66474],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,66460,66461],{"class":46},"nums",[40,66463,289],{"class":54},[40,66465,53695],{"class":91},[40,66467,88],{"class":54},[40,66469,192],{"class":58},[40,66471,62],{"class":54},[40,66473,1226],{"class":58},[40,66475,95],{"class":54},[40,66477,66478,66480,66482,66484],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,66479,101],{"class":84},[40,66481,88],{"class":54},[40,66483,66461],{"class":91},[40,66485,95],{"class":54},[20,66487,111],{},[31,66489,66490],{"className":33,"code":53249,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,66491,66492],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66493,66494,66496,66498,66500,66502,66504,66506,66508,66510],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66495,565],{"class":54},[40,66497,658],{"class":58},[40,66499,62],{"class":54},[40,66501,663],{"class":58},[40,66503,62],{"class":54},[40,66505,749],{"class":58},[40,66507,62],{"class":54},[40,66509,675],{"class":58},[40,66511,73],{"class":54},[792,66513,66515],{"id":66514},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66517,66518],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[31,66520,66522],{"className":33,"code":66521,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66523,66524,66544,66562],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66525,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534,66536,66538,66540,66542],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66527,66440],{"class":46},[40,66529,51],{"class":50},[40,66531,55],{"class":54},[40,66533,658],{"class":58},[40,66535,62],{"class":54},[40,66537,663],{"class":58},[40,66539,62],{"class":54},[40,66541,675],{"class":58},[40,66543,73],{"class":54},[40,66545,66546,66548,66550,66552,66554,66556,66558,66560],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,66547,66461],{"class":46},[40,66549,289],{"class":54},[40,66551,53695],{"class":91},[40,66553,88],{"class":54},[40,66555,744],{"class":58},[40,66557,62],{"class":54},[40,66559,749],{"class":58},[40,66561,95],{"class":54},[40,66563,66564,66566,66568,66570],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,66565,101],{"class":84},[40,66567,88],{"class":54},[40,66569,66461],{"class":91},[40,66571,95],{"class":54},[20,66573,111],{},[31,66575,66576],{"className":33,"code":53249,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,66577,66578],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66579,66580,66582,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592,66594,66596],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66581,565],{"class":54},[40,66583,658],{"class":58},[40,66585,62],{"class":54},[40,66587,663],{"class":58},[40,66589,62],{"class":54},[40,66591,749],{"class":58},[40,66593,62],{"class":54},[40,66595,675],{"class":58},[40,66597,73],{"class":54},[792,66599,66601],{"id":66600},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66603,66604],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[31,66606,66608],{"className":33,"code":66607,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66609,66610,66630,66648],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66611,66612,66614,66616,66618,66620,66622,66624,66626,66628],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66613,66440],{"class":46},[40,66615,51],{"class":50},[40,66617,55],{"class":54},[40,66619,658],{"class":58},[40,66621,62],{"class":54},[40,66623,663],{"class":58},[40,66625,62],{"class":54},[40,66627,749],{"class":58},[40,66629,73],{"class":54},[40,66631,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,66633,66461],{"class":46},[40,66635,289],{"class":54},[40,66637,53695],{"class":91},[40,66639,88],{"class":54},[40,66641,59],{"class":58},[40,66643,62],{"class":54},[40,66645,675],{"class":58},[40,66647,95],{"class":54},[40,66649,66650,66652,66654,66656],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,66651,101],{"class":84},[40,66653,88],{"class":54},[40,66655,66461],{"class":91},[40,66657,95],{"class":54},[20,66659,111],{},[31,66661,66662],{"className":33,"code":53249,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,66663,66664],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66665,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680,66682],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66667,565],{"class":54},[40,66669,658],{"class":58},[40,66671,62],{"class":54},[40,66673,663],{"class":58},[40,66675,62],{"class":54},[40,66677,749],{"class":58},[40,66679,62],{"class":54},[40,66681,675],{"class":58},[40,66683,73],{"class":54},[792,66685,66687],{"id":66686},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66689,66690,66691,66693],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66692,54011],{}," places the item before that position.",[31,66695,66697],{"className":33,"code":66696,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66698,66699,66731,66755],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66700,66701,66703,66705,66707,66709,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725,66727,66729],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66702,1000],{"class":46},[40,66704,51],{"class":50},[40,66706,55],{"class":54},[40,66708,213],{"class":212},[40,66710,282],{"class":216},[40,66712,213],{"class":212},[40,66714,62],{"class":54},[40,66716,224],{"class":212},[40,66718,1017],{"class":216},[40,66720,213],{"class":212},[40,66722,62],{"class":54},[40,66724,224],{"class":212},[40,66726,18530],{"class":216},[40,66728,213],{"class":212},[40,66730,73],{"class":54},[40,66732,66733,66735,66737,66739,66741,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,66734,1043],{"class":46},[40,66736,289],{"class":54},[40,66738,53695],{"class":91},[40,66740,88],{"class":54},[40,66742,1806],{"class":50},[40,66744,658],{"class":58},[40,66746,62],{"class":54},[40,66748,224],{"class":212},[40,66750,1026],{"class":216},[40,66752,213],{"class":212},[40,66754,95],{"class":54},[40,66756,66757,66759,66761,66763],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,66758,101],{"class":84},[40,66760,88],{"class":54},[40,66762,1043],{"class":91},[40,66764,95],{"class":54},[20,66766,111],{},[31,66768,66770],{"className":33,"code":66769,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66771,66772],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66773,66774,66776,66778,66780,66782,66784,66786,66788,66790,66792,66794,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66775,565],{"class":54},[40,66777,3087],{"class":212},[40,66779,282],{"class":216},[40,66781,3087],{"class":212},[40,66783,62],{"class":54},[40,66785,3082],{"class":212},[40,66787,1017],{"class":216},[40,66789,3087],{"class":212},[40,66791,62],{"class":54},[40,66793,3082],{"class":212},[40,66795,1026],{"class":216},[40,66797,3087],{"class":212},[40,66799,62],{"class":54},[40,66801,3082],{"class":212},[40,66803,18530],{"class":216},[40,66805,3087],{"class":212},[40,66807,73],{"class":54},[20,66809,66810,66811,2088],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[282,66812,66813],{"href":622},"Python lists beginner guide",[129,66815,66817,10355,66819],{"id":66816},"insert-vs-append",[15,66818,54011],{},[15,66820,52399],{},[20,66822,66823],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[792,66825,123,66827,10371],{"id":66826},"use-insert-when",[15,66828,54011],{},[134,66830,66831,66834],{},[137,66832,66833],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[137,66835,66836],{},"The order of the list matters",[792,66838,123,66840,10371],{"id":66839},"use-append-when",[15,66841,52399],{},[134,66843,66844,66847],{},[137,66845,66846],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[137,66848,66849],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66851,195],{},[31,66853,66855],{"className":33,"code":66854,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66856,66857,66881,66885,66907,66917,66921,66939],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66858,66859,66861,66863,66865,66867,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66860,479],{"class":46},[40,66862,51],{"class":50},[40,66864,55],{"class":54},[40,66866,213],{"class":212},[40,66868,3862],{"class":216},[40,66870,213],{"class":212},[40,66872,62],{"class":54},[40,66874,224],{"class":212},[40,66876,32982],{"class":216},[40,66878,213],{"class":212},[40,66880,73],{"class":54},[40,66882,66883],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,66884,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,66886,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,66888,497],{"class":46},[40,66890,289],{"class":54},[40,66892,53695],{"class":91},[40,66894,88],{"class":54},[40,66896,658],{"class":58},[40,66898,62],{"class":54},[40,66900,224],{"class":212},[40,66902,3871],{"class":216},[40,66904,213],{"class":212},[40,66906,95],{"class":54},[40,66908,66909,66911,66913,66915],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,66910,101],{"class":84},[40,66912,88],{"class":54},[40,66914,497],{"class":91},[40,66916,95],{"class":54},[40,66918,66919],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,66920,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,66922,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933,66935,66937],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,66924,497],{"class":46},[40,66926,289],{"class":54},[40,66928,13320],{"class":91},[40,66930,88],{"class":54},[40,66932,213],{"class":212},[40,66934,22294],{"class":216},[40,66936,213],{"class":212},[40,66938,95],{"class":54},[40,66940,66941,66943,66945,66947],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,66942,101],{"class":84},[40,66944,88],{"class":54},[40,66946,497],{"class":91},[40,66948,95],{"class":54},[20,66950,111],{},[31,66952,66954],{"className":33,"code":66953,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66955,66956,66984],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,66957,66958,66960,66962,66964,66966,66968,66970,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980,66982],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,66959,565],{"class":54},[40,66961,3087],{"class":212},[40,66963,3862],{"class":216},[40,66965,3087],{"class":212},[40,66967,62],{"class":54},[40,66969,3082],{"class":212},[40,66971,3871],{"class":216},[40,66973,3087],{"class":212},[40,66975,62],{"class":54},[40,66977,3082],{"class":212},[40,66979,32982],{"class":216},[40,66981,3087],{"class":212},[40,66983,73],{"class":54},[40,66985,66986,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996,66998,67000,67002,67004,67006,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,66987,565],{"class":54},[40,66989,3087],{"class":212},[40,66991,3862],{"class":216},[40,66993,3087],{"class":212},[40,66995,62],{"class":54},[40,66997,3082],{"class":212},[40,66999,3871],{"class":216},[40,67001,3087],{"class":212},[40,67003,62],{"class":54},[40,67005,3082],{"class":212},[40,67007,32982],{"class":216},[40,67009,3087],{"class":212},[40,67011,62],{"class":54},[40,67013,3082],{"class":212},[40,67015,22294],{"class":216},[40,67017,3087],{"class":212},[40,67019,73],{"class":54},[20,67021,67022,67023,289],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[282,67024,55263,67025,10510],{"href":56511},[15,67026,52399],{},[20,67028,67029,67030,289],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[282,67031,52794],{"href":52793},[129,67033,790],{"id":789},[20,67035,14501,67036,289],{},[15,67037,54011],{},[792,67039,12364,67041],{"id":67040},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67042,54011],{},[20,67044,25451],{},[31,67046,67048],{"className":33,"code":67047,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67049,67050,67070,67092,67096,67106],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67051,67052,67054,67056,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066,67068],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67053,47],{"class":46},[40,67055,51],{"class":50},[40,67057,55],{"class":54},[40,67059,658],{"class":58},[40,67061,62],{"class":54},[40,67063,663],{"class":58},[40,67065,62],{"class":54},[40,67067,749],{"class":58},[40,67069,73],{"class":54},[40,67071,67072,67074,67076,67078,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,67073,2013],{"class":46},[40,67075,51],{"class":50},[40,67077,4045],{"class":46},[40,67079,289],{"class":54},[40,67081,53695],{"class":91},[40,67083,88],{"class":54},[40,67085,658],{"class":58},[40,67087,62],{"class":54},[40,67089,9966],{"class":58},[40,67091,95],{"class":54},[40,67093,67094],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,67095,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,67097,67098,67100,67102,67104],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,67099,101],{"class":84},[40,67101,88],{"class":54},[40,67103,2048],{"class":91},[40,67105,95],{"class":54},[40,67107,67108,67110,67112,67114],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,67109,101],{"class":84},[40,67111,88],{"class":54},[40,67113,92],{"class":91},[40,67115,95],{"class":54},[20,67117,111],{},[31,67119,67121],{"className":33,"code":67120,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67122,67123,67127],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67124,67125],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67126,11577],{"class":1494},[40,67128,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137,67139,67141,67143,67145],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,67130,565],{"class":54},[40,67132,658],{"class":58},[40,67134,62],{"class":54},[40,67136,9966],{"class":58},[40,67138,62],{"class":54},[40,67140,663],{"class":58},[40,67142,62],{"class":54},[40,67144,749],{"class":58},[40,67146,73],{"class":54},[20,67148,67149,53896,67151,289],{},[15,67150,54011],{},[15,67152,3565],{},[20,67154,807],{},[31,67156,67158],{"className":33,"code":67157,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67159,67160],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67161,67162,67164,67166,67168,67170,67172,67174,67176,67178,67180],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67163,55633],{"class":46},[40,67165,51],{"class":50},[40,67167,4045],{"class":46},[40,67169,289],{"class":54},[40,67171,53695],{"class":91},[40,67173,88],{"class":54},[40,67175,658],{"class":58},[40,67177,62],{"class":54},[40,67179,9966],{"class":58},[40,67181,95],{"class":54},[20,67183,67184],{},"Right:",[31,67186,67188],{"className":33,"code":67187,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67189,67190],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67191,67192,67194,67196,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67193,92],{"class":46},[40,67195,289],{"class":54},[40,67197,53695],{"class":91},[40,67199,88],{"class":54},[40,67201,658],{"class":58},[40,67203,62],{"class":54},[40,67205,9966],{"class":58},[40,67207,95],{"class":54},[792,67209,67211],{"id":67210},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67213,67214],{},"The correct order is:",[31,67216,67217],{"className":33,"code":66071,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,67218,67219],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67220,67221,67223,67225,67227,67229,67231,67233,67235],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67222,1272],{"class":46},[40,67224,289],{"class":54},[40,67226,53695],{"class":91},[40,67228,88],{"class":54},[40,67230,35610],{"class":91},[40,67232,62],{"class":54},[40,67234,29267],{"class":91},[40,67236,95],{"class":54},[20,67238,67239],{},"Not:",[31,67241,67243],{"className":33,"code":67242,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67244,67245],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67246,67247,67249,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259,67261],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67248,1272],{"class":46},[40,67250,289],{"class":54},[40,67252,53695],{"class":91},[40,67254,88],{"class":54},[40,67256,23072],{"class":91},[40,67258,62],{"class":54},[40,67260,35585],{"class":91},[40,67262,95],{"class":54},[20,67264,195],{},[31,67266,67267],{"className":33,"code":66113,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,67268,67269,67293,67315],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67270,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289,67291],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67272,1000],{"class":46},[40,67274,51],{"class":50},[40,67276,55],{"class":54},[40,67278,213],{"class":212},[40,67280,282],{"class":216},[40,67282,213],{"class":212},[40,67284,62],{"class":54},[40,67286,224],{"class":212},[40,67288,1026],{"class":216},[40,67290,213],{"class":212},[40,67292,73],{"class":54},[40,67294,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303,67305,67307,67309,67311,67313],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,67296,1043],{"class":46},[40,67298,289],{"class":54},[40,67300,53695],{"class":91},[40,67302,88],{"class":54},[40,67304,658],{"class":58},[40,67306,62],{"class":54},[40,67308,224],{"class":212},[40,67310,1017],{"class":216},[40,67312,213],{"class":212},[40,67314,95],{"class":54},[40,67316,67317,67319,67321,67323],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,67318,101],{"class":84},[40,67320,88],{"class":54},[40,67322,1043],{"class":91},[40,67324,95],{"class":54},[20,67326,111],{},[31,67328,67329],{"className":33,"code":42627,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,67330,67331],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67332,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343,67345,67347,67349,67351,67353,67355,67357],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67334,565],{"class":54},[40,67336,3087],{"class":212},[40,67338,282],{"class":216},[40,67340,3087],{"class":212},[40,67342,62],{"class":54},[40,67344,3082],{"class":212},[40,67346,1017],{"class":216},[40,67348,3087],{"class":212},[40,67350,62],{"class":54},[40,67352,3082],{"class":212},[40,67354,1026],{"class":216},[40,67356,3087],{"class":212},[40,67358,73],{"class":54},[792,67360,8223,67362,67364],{"id":67361},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67363,54011],{}," to replace an item",[20,67366,67367,67369],{},[15,67368,54011],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[31,67371,67373],{"className":33,"code":67372,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67374,67375,67395,67413],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67376,67377,67379,67381,67383,67385,67387,67389,67391,67393],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67378,47],{"class":46},[40,67380,51],{"class":50},[40,67382,55],{"class":54},[40,67384,658],{"class":58},[40,67386,62],{"class":54},[40,67388,663],{"class":58},[40,67390,62],{"class":54},[40,67392,749],{"class":58},[40,67394,73],{"class":54},[40,67396,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,67398,92],{"class":46},[40,67400,289],{"class":54},[40,67402,53695],{"class":91},[40,67404,88],{"class":54},[40,67406,658],{"class":58},[40,67408,62],{"class":54},[40,67410,9966],{"class":58},[40,67412,95],{"class":54},[40,67414,67415,67417,67419,67421],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,67416,101],{"class":84},[40,67418,88],{"class":54},[40,67420,92],{"class":91},[40,67422,95],{"class":54},[20,67424,111],{},[31,67426,67428],{"className":33,"code":67427,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67429,67430],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67431,67432,67434,67436,67438,67440,67442,67444,67446,67448],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67433,565],{"class":54},[40,67435,658],{"class":58},[40,67437,62],{"class":54},[40,67439,9966],{"class":58},[40,67441,62],{"class":54},[40,67443,663],{"class":58},[40,67445,62],{"class":54},[40,67447,749],{"class":58},[40,67449,73],{"class":54},[20,67451,67452],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[31,67454,67456],{"className":33,"code":67455,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67457,67458,67478,67492],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67459,67460,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470,67472,67474,67476],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67461,47],{"class":46},[40,67463,51],{"class":50},[40,67465,55],{"class":54},[40,67467,658],{"class":58},[40,67469,62],{"class":54},[40,67471,663],{"class":58},[40,67473,62],{"class":54},[40,67475,749],{"class":58},[40,67477,73],{"class":54},[40,67479,67480,67482,67484,67486,67488,67490],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,67481,92],{"class":46},[40,67483,565],{"class":54},[40,67485,658],{"class":58},[40,67487,13040],{"class":54},[40,67489,13043],{"class":50},[40,67491,13898],{"class":58},[40,67493,67494,67496,67498,67500],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,67495,101],{"class":84},[40,67497,88],{"class":54},[40,67499,92],{"class":91},[40,67501,95],{"class":54},[20,67503,111],{},[31,67505,67507],{"className":33,"code":67506,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67508,67509],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67510,67511,67513,67515,67517,67519,67521,67523],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67512,565],{"class":54},[40,67514,658],{"class":58},[40,67516,62],{"class":54},[40,67518,9966],{"class":58},[40,67520,62],{"class":54},[40,67522,749],{"class":58},[40,67524,73],{"class":54},[792,67526,67528],{"id":67527},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67530,67531,67533],{},[15,67532,54011],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67535,67536],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[31,67538,67540],{"className":33,"code":67539,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67541,67542,67558,67582],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67543,67544,67546,67548,67550,67552,67554,67556],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67545,47],{"class":46},[40,67547,51],{"class":50},[40,67549,55],{"class":54},[40,67551,658],{"class":58},[40,67553,62],{"class":54},[40,67555,675],{"class":58},[40,67557,73],{"class":54},[40,67559,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570,67572,67574,67576,67578,67580],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,67561,92],{"class":46},[40,67563,289],{"class":54},[40,67565,53695],{"class":91},[40,67567,88],{"class":54},[40,67569,658],{"class":58},[40,67571,62],{"class":54},[40,67573,55],{"class":54},[40,67575,744],{"class":58},[40,67577,62],{"class":54},[40,67579,749],{"class":58},[40,67581,570],{"class":54},[40,67583,67584,67586,67588,67590],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,67585,101],{"class":84},[40,67587,88],{"class":54},[40,67589,92],{"class":91},[40,67591,95],{"class":54},[20,67593,111],{},[31,67595,67597],{"className":33,"code":67596,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67598,67599],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67600,67601,67603,67605,67607,67609,67611,67613,67615,67617,67619],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67602,565],{"class":54},[40,67604,658],{"class":58},[40,67606,62],{"class":54},[40,67608,55],{"class":54},[40,67610,744],{"class":58},[40,67612,62],{"class":54},[40,67614,749],{"class":58},[40,67616,666],{"class":54},[40,67618,675],{"class":58},[40,67620,73],{"class":54},[20,67622,67623,67624,289],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[282,67625,55263,67626,10510],{"href":53088},[15,67627,53190],{},[792,67629,67631],{"id":67630},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67633,8646,67634,67636],{},[15,67635,54011],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[31,67638,67640],{"className":33,"code":67639,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67641,67642,67652,67666,67684,67698],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,67643,67644,67646,67648,67650],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,67645,101],{"class":84},[40,67647,88],{"class":54},[40,67649,1272],{"class":91},[40,67651,95],{"class":54},[40,67653,67654,67656,67658,67660,67662,67664],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,67655,101],{"class":84},[40,67657,88],{"class":54},[40,67659,17],{"class":84},[40,67661,88],{"class":54},[40,67663,1272],{"class":91},[40,67665,256],{"class":54},[40,67667,67668,67670,67672,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,67669,101],{"class":84},[40,67671,88],{"class":54},[40,67673,1272],{"class":91},[40,67675,289],{"class":54},[40,67677,53695],{"class":24512},[40,67679,289],{"class":54},[40,67681,34208],{"class":34215},[40,67683,95],{"class":54},[40,67685,67686,67688,67690,67692,67694,67696],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,67687,31913],{"class":84},[40,67689,88],{"class":54},[40,67691,610],{"class":609},[40,67693,289],{"class":54},[40,67695,53695],{"class":24512},[40,67697,95],{"class":54},[40,67699,67700,67702,67704,67706],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,67701,1297],{"class":609},[40,67703,88],{"class":54},[40,67705,1272],{"class":91},[40,67707,95],{"class":54},[20,67709,67710],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[134,67712,67713,67716,67719,67722],{},[137,67714,67715],{},"What is currently in the list",[137,67717,67718],{},"How long the list is",[137,67720,67721],{},"That you are working with a real list",[137,67723,67724],{},"How Python describes the method",[129,67726,1345,67728],{"id":67727},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67729,54011],{},[20,67731,123,67732,67734],{},[15,67733,54011],{}," when position matters.",[20,67736,36182],{},[134,67738,67739,67742,67745,67748],{},[137,67740,67741],{},"Ordered menus",[137,67743,67744],{},"Rankings or score lists",[137,67746,67747],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[137,67749,67750],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67752,67753,67754,67756,67757,67759,67760,67762],{},"You usually do ",[183,67755,185],{}," need ",[15,67758,54011],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67761,52399],{}," is simpler.",[20,67764,67765,67766,289],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[282,67767,56897],{"href":56896},[129,67769,1636],{"id":1635},[792,67771,12474,67773,55212],{"id":67772},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67774,53655],{},[20,67776,67777,67778,289],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67779,3565],{},[792,67781,67783],{"id":67782},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67785,67786],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[792,67788,4947,67790,67792],{"id":67789},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67791,53655],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67794,67795,67796,67798],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67797,53190],{}," or slicing.",[792,67800,4957,67802,4176,67804,2275],{"id":67801},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67803,54011],{},[15,67805,52399],{},[20,67807,67808,67810,67811,67813],{},[15,67809,54011],{}," adds at a chosen position. 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List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69328,"toc":71282},[69329,69332,69337,69340,69348,69361,69363,69428,69430,69452,69457,69461,69466,69474,69476,69486,69488,69569,69571,69601,69603,69622,69627,69644,69646,69730,69732,69762,69767,69771,69777,69861,69863,69893,69896,69900,69903,69994,69996,70034,70037,70122,70124,70154,70160,70167,70171,70176,70185,70187,70272,70274,70303,70306,70314,70318,70322,70331,70354,70356,70378,70380,70394,70396,70456,70460,70465,70504,70506,70523,70525,70535,70634,70639,70643,70648,70691,70693,70721,70723,70737,70812,70814,70836,70840,70843,70848,70859,70864,70872,70875,70946,70948,70973,71030,71032,71053,71062,71070,71075,71077,71082,71103,71106,71181,71184,71198,71205,71207,71211,71217,71221,71231,71235,71242,71246,71252,71254,71279],[10,69330,69326],{"id":69331},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69333,69334,69336],{},[15,69335,54825],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69338,69339],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[134,69341,69342,69345],{},[137,69343,69344],{},"delete an item from a list",[137,69346,69347],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69349,69350,69351,69353,69354,8475,69356,69360],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69352,12532],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69355,12532],{},[282,69357,69358],{"href":54815},[15,69359,55272],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[129,69362,1787],{"id":1786},[31,69364,69366],{"className":33,"code":69365,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69367,69368,69388,69403,69407,69418],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69369,69370,69372,69374,69376,69378,69380,69382,69384,69386],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69371,47],{"class":46},[40,69373,51],{"class":50},[40,69375,55],{"class":54},[40,69377,59],{"class":58},[40,69379,62],{"class":54},[40,69381,65],{"class":58},[40,69383,62],{"class":54},[40,69385,70],{"class":58},[40,69387,73],{"class":54},[40,69389,69390,69393,69395,69397,69399,69401],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,69391,69392],{"class":46},"last_item ",[40,69394,51],{"class":50},[40,69396,4045],{"class":46},[40,69398,289],{"class":54},[40,69400,26002],{"class":91},[40,69402,8413],{"class":54},[40,69404,69405],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,69406,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,69408,69409,69411,69413,69416],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,69410,101],{"class":84},[40,69412,88],{"class":54},[40,69414,69415],{"class":91},"last_item",[40,69417,95],{"class":54},[40,69419,69420,69422,69424,69426],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,69421,101],{"class":84},[40,69423,88],{"class":54},[40,69425,92],{"class":91},[40,69427,95],{"class":54},[20,69429,111],{},[31,69431,69433],{"className":33,"code":69432,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69434,69435,69440],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69436,69437],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69438,69439],{"class":58},"30\n",[40,69441,69442,69444,69446,69448,69450],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,69443,565],{"class":54},[40,69445,59],{"class":58},[40,69447,62],{"class":54},[40,69449,65],{"class":58},[40,69451,73],{"class":54},[20,69453,123,69454,69456],{},[15,69455,12532],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[129,69458,69460],{"id":69459},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69462,69463,69465],{},[15,69464,12532],{}," has two main jobs:",[134,69467,69468,69471],{},[137,69469,69470],{},"It removes one item from a list",[137,69472,69473],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69475,43402],{},[134,69477,69478,69481,69484],{},[137,69479,69480],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[137,69482,69483],{},"It changes the original list",[137,69485,52491],{},[20,69487,195],{},[31,69489,69491],{"className":33,"code":69490,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69492,69493,69525,69529,69544,69548,69559],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69494,69495,69497,69499,69501,69503,69505,69507,69509,69511,69513,69515,69517,69519,69521,69523],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69496,309],{"class":46},[40,69498,51],{"class":50},[40,69500,55],{"class":54},[40,69502,213],{"class":212},[40,69504,318],{"class":216},[40,69506,213],{"class":212},[40,69508,62],{"class":54},[40,69510,224],{"class":212},[40,69512,327],{"class":216},[40,69514,213],{"class":212},[40,69516,62],{"class":54},[40,69518,224],{"class":212},[40,69520,336],{"class":216},[40,69522,213],{"class":212},[40,69524,73],{"class":54},[40,69526,69527],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,69528,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,69530,69531,69534,69536,69538,69540,69542],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,69532,69533],{"class":46},"removed ",[40,69535,51],{"class":50},[40,69537,12890],{"class":46},[40,69539,289],{"class":54},[40,69541,26002],{"class":91},[40,69543,8413],{"class":54},[40,69545,69546],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,69547,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,69549,69550,69552,69554,69557],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,69551,101],{"class":84},[40,69553,88],{"class":54},[40,69555,69556],{"class":91},"removed",[40,69558,95],{"class":54},[40,69560,69561,69563,69565,69567],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,69562,101],{"class":84},[40,69564,88],{"class":54},[40,69566,353],{"class":91},[40,69568,95],{"class":54},[20,69570,111],{},[31,69572,69574],{"className":33,"code":69573,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69575,69576,69581],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69577,69578],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69579,69580],{"class":46},"blue\n",[40,69582,69583,69585,69587,69589,69591,69593,69595,69597,69599],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,69584,565],{"class":54},[40,69586,3087],{"class":212},[40,69588,318],{"class":216},[40,69590,3087],{"class":212},[40,69592,62],{"class":54},[40,69594,3082],{"class":212},[40,69596,327],{"class":216},[40,69598,3087],{"class":212},[40,69600,73],{"class":54},[129,69602,1940],{"id":1939},[31,69604,69606],{"className":33,"code":69605,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69607,69608],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69609,69610,69612,69614,69616,69618,69620],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69611,610],{"class":609},[40,69613,289],{"class":54},[40,69615,26002],{"class":91},[40,69617,2771],{"class":54},[40,69619,35610],{"class":91},[40,69621,570],{"class":54},[20,69623,606,69624,69626],{},[15,69625,35610],{}," is optional.",[134,69628,69629,69635,69641],{},[137,69630,69631,69632,69634],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69633,12532],{}," removes the last item",[137,69636,69637,69638,69640],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69639,12532],{}," removes the item at that position",[137,69642,69643],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69645,195],{},[31,69647,69649],{"className":33,"code":69648,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69650,69651,69683,69687,69706,69710,69720],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69652,69653,69655,69657,69659,69661,69663,69665,69667,69669,69671,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69654,1000],{"class":46},[40,69656,51],{"class":50},[40,69658,55],{"class":54},[40,69660,213],{"class":212},[40,69662,282],{"class":216},[40,69664,213],{"class":212},[40,69666,62],{"class":54},[40,69668,224],{"class":212},[40,69670,1017],{"class":216},[40,69672,213],{"class":212},[40,69674,62],{"class":54},[40,69676,224],{"class":212},[40,69678,1026],{"class":216},[40,69680,213],{"class":212},[40,69682,73],{"class":54},[40,69684,69685],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,69686,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,69688,69689,69691,69693,69696,69698,69700,69702,69704],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,69690,28298],{"class":46},[40,69692,51],{"class":50},[40,69694,69695],{"class":46}," letters",[40,69697,289],{"class":54},[40,69699,26002],{"class":91},[40,69701,88],{"class":54},[40,69703,658],{"class":58},[40,69705,95],{"class":54},[40,69707,69708],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,69709,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,69711,69712,69714,69716,69718],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,69713,101],{"class":84},[40,69715,88],{"class":54},[40,69717,23072],{"class":91},[40,69719,95],{"class":54},[40,69721,69722,69724,69726,69728],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,69723,101],{"class":84},[40,69725,88],{"class":54},[40,69727,1043],{"class":91},[40,69729,95],{"class":54},[20,69731,111],{},[31,69733,69735],{"className":33,"code":69734,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69736,69737,69742],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69738,69739],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69740,69741],{"class":46},"b\n",[40,69743,69744,69746,69748,69750,69752,69754,69756,69758,69760],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,69745,565],{"class":54},[40,69747,3087],{"class":212},[40,69749,282],{"class":216},[40,69751,3087],{"class":212},[40,69753,62],{"class":54},[40,69755,3082],{"class":212},[40,69757,1026],{"class":216},[40,69759,3087],{"class":212},[40,69761,73],{"class":54},[20,69763,69764,69765,289],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[282,69766,623],{"href":622},[129,69768,69770],{"id":69769},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69772,69773,69774,69776],{},"When you call ",[15,69775,12532],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[31,69778,69780],{"className":33,"code":69779,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69781,69782,69817,69821,69836,69840,69851],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69783,69784,69786,69788,69790,69792,69795,69797,69799,69801,69804,69806,69808,69810,69813,69815],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69785,29658],{"class":46},[40,69787,51],{"class":50},[40,69789,55],{"class":54},[40,69791,213],{"class":212},[40,69793,69794],{"class":216},"write",[40,69796,213],{"class":212},[40,69798,62],{"class":54},[40,69800,224],{"class":212},[40,69802,69803],{"class":216},"test",[40,69805,213],{"class":212},[40,69807,62],{"class":54},[40,69809,224],{"class":212},[40,69811,69812],{"class":216},"submit",[40,69814,213],{"class":212},[40,69816,73],{"class":54},[40,69818,69819],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,69820,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,69822,69823,69826,69828,69830,69832,69834],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,69824,69825],{"class":46},"last_task ",[40,69827,51],{"class":50},[40,69829,29736],{"class":46},[40,69831,289],{"class":54},[40,69833,26002],{"class":91},[40,69835,8413],{"class":54},[40,69837,69838],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,69839,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,69841,69842,69844,69846,69849],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,69843,101],{"class":84},[40,69845,88],{"class":54},[40,69847,69848],{"class":91},"last_task",[40,69850,95],{"class":54},[40,69852,69853,69855,69857,69859],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,69854,101],{"class":84},[40,69856,88],{"class":54},[40,69858,36262],{"class":91},[40,69860,95],{"class":54},[20,69862,111],{},[31,69864,69866],{"className":33,"code":69865,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69867,69868,69873],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69869,69870],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69871,69872],{"class":46},"submit\n",[40,69874,69875,69877,69879,69881,69883,69885,69887,69889,69891],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,69876,565],{"class":54},[40,69878,3087],{"class":212},[40,69880,69794],{"class":216},[40,69882,3087],{"class":212},[40,69884,62],{"class":54},[40,69886,3082],{"class":212},[40,69888,69803],{"class":216},[40,69890,3087],{"class":212},[40,69892,73],{"class":54},[20,69894,69895],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[129,69897,69899],{"id":69898},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69901,69902],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[31,69904,69906],{"className":33,"code":69905,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69907,69908,69948,69952,69970,69974,69984],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,69909,69910,69912,69914,69916,69918,69920,69922,69924,69926,69928,69930,69932,69934,69936,69938,69940,69942,69944,69946],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,69911,35995],{"class":46},[40,69913,51],{"class":50},[40,69915,55],{"class":54},[40,69917,213],{"class":212},[40,69919,3862],{"class":216},[40,69921,213],{"class":212},[40,69923,62],{"class":54},[40,69925,224],{"class":212},[40,69927,3871],{"class":216},[40,69929,213],{"class":212},[40,69931,62],{"class":54},[40,69933,224],{"class":212},[40,69935,3880],{"class":216},[40,69937,213],{"class":212},[40,69939,62],{"class":54},[40,69941,224],{"class":212},[40,69943,32982],{"class":216},[40,69945,213],{"class":212},[40,69947,73],{"class":54},[40,69949,69950],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,69951,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,69953,69954,69956,69958,69960,69962,69964,69966,69968],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,69955,69533],{"class":46},[40,69957,51],{"class":50},[40,69959,52596],{"class":46},[40,69961,289],{"class":54},[40,69963,26002],{"class":91},[40,69965,88],{"class":54},[40,69967,658],{"class":58},[40,69969,95],{"class":54},[40,69971,69972],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,69973,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,69975,69976,69978,69980,69982],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,69977,101],{"class":84},[40,69979,88],{"class":54},[40,69981,69556],{"class":91},[40,69983,95],{"class":54},[40,69985,69986,69988,69990,69992],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,69987,101],{"class":84},[40,69989,88],{"class":54},[40,69991,36047],{"class":91},[40,69993,95],{"class":54},[20,69995,111],{},[31,69997,69999],{"className":33,"code":69998,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70000,70001,70006],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70002,70003],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70004,70005],{"class":46},"banana\n",[40,70007,70008,70010,70012,70014,70016,70018,70020,70022,70024,70026,70028,70030,70032],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,70009,565],{"class":54},[40,70011,3087],{"class":212},[40,70013,3862],{"class":216},[40,70015,3087],{"class":212},[40,70017,62],{"class":54},[40,70019,3082],{"class":212},[40,70021,3880],{"class":216},[40,70023,3087],{"class":212},[40,70025,62],{"class":54},[40,70027,3082],{"class":212},[40,70029,32982],{"class":216},[40,70031,3087],{"class":212},[40,70033,73],{"class":54},[20,70035,70036],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[31,70038,70040],{"className":33,"code":70039,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70041,70042,70074,70078,70098,70102,70112],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70043,70044,70046,70048,70050,70052,70054,70056,70058,70060,70062,70064,70066,70068,70070,70072],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70045,35995],{"class":46},[40,70047,51],{"class":50},[40,70049,55],{"class":54},[40,70051,213],{"class":212},[40,70053,3862],{"class":216},[40,70055,213],{"class":212},[40,70057,62],{"class":54},[40,70059,224],{"class":212},[40,70061,3871],{"class":216},[40,70063,213],{"class":212},[40,70065,62],{"class":54},[40,70067,224],{"class":212},[40,70069,3880],{"class":216},[40,70071,213],{"class":212},[40,70073,73],{"class":54},[40,70075,70076],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,70077,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,70079,70080,70082,70084,70086,70088,70090,70092,70094,70096],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,70081,69533],{"class":46},[40,70083,51],{"class":50},[40,70085,52596],{"class":46},[40,70087,289],{"class":54},[40,70089,26002],{"class":91},[40,70091,88],{"class":54},[40,70093,1806],{"class":50},[40,70095,658],{"class":58},[40,70097,95],{"class":54},[40,70099,70100],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,70101,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,70103,70104,70106,70108,70110],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,70105,101],{"class":84},[40,70107,88],{"class":54},[40,70109,69556],{"class":91},[40,70111,95],{"class":54},[40,70113,70114,70116,70118,70120],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,70115,101],{"class":84},[40,70117,88],{"class":54},[40,70119,36047],{"class":91},[40,70121,95],{"class":54},[20,70123,111],{},[31,70125,70127],{"className":33,"code":70126,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70128,70129,70134],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70130,70131],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70132,70133],{"class":46},"cherry\n",[40,70135,70136,70138,70140,70142,70144,70146,70148,70150,70152],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,70137,565],{"class":54},[40,70139,3087],{"class":212},[40,70141,3862],{"class":216},[40,70143,3087],{"class":212},[40,70145,62],{"class":54},[40,70147,3082],{"class":212},[40,70149,3871],{"class":216},[40,70151,3087],{"class":212},[40,70153,73],{"class":54},[20,70155,70156,70157,70159],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70158,65591],{}," means the last item.",[20,70161,70162,70163,289],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[282,70164,70165,10510],{"href":58707},[15,70166,64605],{},[129,70168,70170],{"id":70169},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70172,70173,70175],{},[15,70174,12532],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70177,70178,70179,4176,70181,289],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70180,12532],{},[282,70182,70183],{"href":54815},[15,70184,55272],{},[20,70186,195],{},[31,70188,70190],{"className":33,"code":70189,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70191,70192,70224,70228,70247,70251,70262],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70193,70194,70196,70198,70200,70202,70204,70206,70208,70210,70212,70214,70216,70218,70220,70222],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70195,1508],{"class":46},[40,70197,51],{"class":50},[40,70199,55],{"class":54},[40,70201,213],{"class":212},[40,70203,1517],{"class":216},[40,70205,213],{"class":212},[40,70207,62],{"class":54},[40,70209,224],{"class":212},[40,70211,1526],{"class":216},[40,70213,213],{"class":212},[40,70215,62],{"class":54},[40,70217,224],{"class":212},[40,70219,1535],{"class":216},[40,70221,213],{"class":212},[40,70223,73],{"class":54},[40,70225,70226],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,70227,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,70229,70230,70233,70235,70237,70239,70241,70243,70245],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,70231,70232],{"class":46},"removed_name ",[40,70234,51],{"class":50},[40,70236,1583],{"class":46},[40,70238,289],{"class":54},[40,70240,26002],{"class":91},[40,70242,88],{"class":54},[40,70244,192],{"class":58},[40,70246,95],{"class":54},[40,70248,70249],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,70250,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,70252,70253,70255,70257,70260],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,70254,101],{"class":84},[40,70256,88],{"class":54},[40,70258,70259],{"class":91},"removed_name",[40,70261,95],{"class":54},[40,70263,70264,70266,70268,70270],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,70265,101],{"class":84},[40,70267,88],{"class":54},[40,70269,1566],{"class":91},[40,70271,95],{"class":54},[20,70273,111],{},[31,70275,70277],{"className":33,"code":70276,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70278,70279,70283],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70280,70281],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70282,49792],{"class":46},[40,70284,70285,70287,70289,70291,70293,70295,70297,70299,70301],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,70286,565],{"class":54},[40,70288,3087],{"class":212},[40,70290,1526],{"class":216},[40,70292,3087],{"class":212},[40,70294,62],{"class":54},[40,70296,3082],{"class":212},[40,70298,1535],{"class":216},[40,70300,3087],{"class":212},[40,70302,73],{"class":54},[20,70304,70305],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70307,70308,70309,70311,70312,289],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70310,55272],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70313,3565],{},[129,70315,70317],{"id":70316},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[792,70319,70321],{"id":70320},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70323,70324,70325,70327,70328,289],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70326,12532],{}," raises an ",[15,70329,70330],{},"IndexError",[31,70332,70334],{"className":33,"code":70333,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70335,70336,70344],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70337,70338,70340,70342],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70339,479],{"class":46},[40,70341,51],{"class":50},[40,70343,484],{"class":54},[40,70345,70346,70348,70350,70352],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,70347,497],{"class":46},[40,70349,289],{"class":54},[40,70351,26002],{"class":91},[40,70353,8413],{"class":54},[20,70355,111],{},[31,70357,70359],{"className":33,"code":70358,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70360,70361],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70362,70363,70365,70367,70370,70373,70376],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70364,70330],{"class":609},[40,70366,2669],{"class":54},[40,70368,70369],{"class":46}," pop ",[40,70371,70372],{"class":535},"from",[40,70374,70375],{"class":46}," empty ",[40,70377,49638],{"class":609},[20,70379,39016],{},[134,70381,70382,70387],{},[137,70383,70384,70385],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70386,12532],{},[137,70388,70389,70390,4176,70392],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70391,29564],{},[15,70393,29595],{},[20,70395,195],{},[31,70397,70399],{"className":33,"code":70398,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70400,70401,70409,70413,70421,70435,70441],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70402,70403,70405,70407],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70404,479],{"class":46},[40,70406,51],{"class":50},[40,70408,484],{"class":54},[40,70410,70411],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,70412,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,70414,70415,70417,70419],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,70416,536],{"class":535},[40,70418,5742],{"class":46},[40,70420,553],{"class":54},[40,70422,70423,70425,70427,70429,70431,70433],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,70424,558],{"class":84},[40,70426,88],{"class":54},[40,70428,497],{"class":91},[40,70430,289],{"class":54},[40,70432,26002],{"class":91},[40,70434,847],{"class":54},[40,70436,70437,70439],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,70438,576],{"class":535},[40,70440,553],{"class":54},[40,70442,70443,70445,70447,70449,70452,70454],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,70444,558],{"class":84},[40,70446,88],{"class":54},[40,70448,213],{"class":212},[40,70450,70451],{"class":216},"The list is empty.",[40,70453,213],{"class":212},[40,70455,95],{"class":54},[792,70457,70459],{"id":70458},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70461,70462,70463,289],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70464,70330],{},[31,70466,70468],{"className":33,"code":70467,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70469,70470,70490],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70471,70472,70474,70476,70478,70480,70482,70484,70486,70488],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70473,47],{"class":46},[40,70475,51],{"class":50},[40,70477,55],{"class":54},[40,70479,59],{"class":58},[40,70481,62],{"class":54},[40,70483,65],{"class":58},[40,70485,62],{"class":54},[40,70487,70],{"class":58},[40,70489,73],{"class":54},[40,70491,70492,70494,70496,70498,70500,70502],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,70493,92],{"class":46},[40,70495,289],{"class":54},[40,70497,26002],{"class":91},[40,70499,88],{"class":54},[40,70501,682],{"class":58},[40,70503,95],{"class":54},[20,70505,111],{},[31,70507,70509],{"className":33,"code":70508,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70510,70511],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70512,70513,70515,70517,70520],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70514,70330],{"class":609},[40,70516,2669],{"class":54},[40,70518,70519],{"class":46}," pop index out of ",[40,70521,70522],{"class":84},"range\n",[20,70524,39016],{},[134,70526,70527,70532],{},[137,70528,70529,70530],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70531,25],{},[137,70533,70534],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[31,70536,70538],{"className":33,"code":70537,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70539,70540,70560,70569,70573,70595,70613,70619],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70541,70542,70544,70546,70548,70550,70552,70554,70556,70558],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70543,47],{"class":46},[40,70545,51],{"class":50},[40,70547,55],{"class":54},[40,70549,59],{"class":58},[40,70551,62],{"class":54},[40,70553,65],{"class":58},[40,70555,62],{"class":54},[40,70557,70],{"class":58},[40,70559,73],{"class":54},[40,70561,70562,70565,70567],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,70563,70564],{"class":46},"index ",[40,70566,51],{"class":50},[40,70568,45342],{"class":58},[40,70570,70571],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,70572,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,70574,70575,70577,70579,70582,70585,70587,70589,70591,70593],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,70576,536],{"class":535},[40,70578,550],{"class":58},[40,70580,70581],{"class":50}," \u003C=",[40,70583,70584],{"class":46}," index ",[40,70586,3076],{"class":50},[40,70588,85],{"class":84},[40,70590,88],{"class":54},[40,70592,92],{"class":91},[40,70594,8112],{"class":54},[40,70596,70597,70599,70601,70603,70605,70607,70609,70611],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,70598,558],{"class":84},[40,70600,88],{"class":54},[40,70602,92],{"class":91},[40,70604,289],{"class":54},[40,70606,26002],{"class":91},[40,70608,88],{"class":54},[40,70610,35610],{"class":91},[40,70612,256],{"class":54},[40,70614,70615,70617],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,70616,576],{"class":535},[40,70618,553],{"class":54},[40,70620,70621,70623,70625,70627,70630,70632],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,70622,558],{"class":84},[40,70624,88],{"class":54},[40,70626,213],{"class":212},[40,70628,70629],{"class":216},"Index is out of range.",[40,70631,213],{"class":212},[40,70633,95],{"class":54},[20,70635,70636,70637,289],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[282,70638,1246],{"href":1245},[792,70640,70642],{"id":70641},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70644,70645,70647],{},[15,70646,12532],{}," expects an integer index.",[31,70649,70651],{"className":33,"code":70650,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70652,70653,70673],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70654,70655,70657,70659,70661,70663,70665,70667,70669,70671],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70656,47],{"class":46},[40,70658,51],{"class":50},[40,70660,55],{"class":54},[40,70662,59],{"class":58},[40,70664,62],{"class":54},[40,70666,65],{"class":58},[40,70668,62],{"class":54},[40,70670,70],{"class":58},[40,70672,73],{"class":54},[40,70674,70675,70677,70679,70681,70683,70685,70687,70689],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,70676,92],{"class":46},[40,70678,289],{"class":54},[40,70680,26002],{"class":91},[40,70682,88],{"class":54},[40,70684,213],{"class":212},[40,70686,658],{"class":216},[40,70688,213],{"class":212},[40,70690,95],{"class":54},[20,70692,111],{},[31,70694,70696],{"className":33,"code":70695,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70697,70698],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70699,70700,70702,70704,70706,70708,70710,70712,70715,70718],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70701,2790],{"class":609},[40,70703,2669],{"class":54},[40,70705,3082],{"class":212},[40,70707,3231],{"class":216},[40,70709,3087],{"class":212},[40,70711,24379],{"class":609},[40,70713,70714],{"class":46}," cannot be interpreted ",[40,70716,70717],{"class":535},"as",[40,70719,70720],{"class":46}," an integer\n",[20,70722,39016],{},[134,70724,70725,70734],{},[137,70726,70727,70728,1973,70730,1977,70732],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70729,192],{},[15,70731,658],{},[15,70733,65591],{},[137,70735,70736],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[31,70738,70740],{"className":33,"code":70739,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70741,70742,70762,70780,70784,70802],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70743,70744,70746,70748,70750,70752,70754,70756,70758,70760],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70745,47],{"class":46},[40,70747,51],{"class":50},[40,70749,55],{"class":54},[40,70751,59],{"class":58},[40,70753,62],{"class":54},[40,70755,65],{"class":58},[40,70757,62],{"class":54},[40,70759,70],{"class":58},[40,70761,73],{"class":54},[40,70763,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772,70774,70776,70778],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,70765,70564],{"class":46},[40,70767,51],{"class":50},[40,70769,45029],{"class":609},[40,70771,88],{"class":54},[40,70773,213],{"class":212},[40,70775,658],{"class":216},[40,70777,213],{"class":212},[40,70779,95],{"class":54},[40,70781,70782],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,70783,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,70785,70786,70788,70790,70792,70794,70796,70798,70800],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,70787,101],{"class":84},[40,70789,88],{"class":54},[40,70791,92],{"class":91},[40,70793,289],{"class":54},[40,70795,26002],{"class":91},[40,70797,88],{"class":54},[40,70799,35610],{"class":91},[40,70801,256],{"class":54},[40,70803,70804,70806,70808,70810],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,70805,101],{"class":84},[40,70807,88],{"class":54},[40,70809,92],{"class":91},[40,70811,95],{"class":54},[20,70813,111],{},[31,70815,70817],{"className":33,"code":70816,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70818,70819,70824],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70820,70821],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70822,70823],{"class":58},"20\n",[40,70825,70826,70828,70830,70832,70834],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,70827,565],{"class":54},[40,70829,59],{"class":58},[40,70831,62],{"class":54},[40,70833,70],{"class":58},[40,70835,73],{"class":54},[129,70837,70839],{"id":70838},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70841,70842],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[792,70844,123,70846,10371],{"id":70845},"use-pop-when",[15,70847,12532],{},[134,70849,70850,70853,70856],{},[137,70851,70852],{},"you want to remove by index",[137,70854,70855],{},"you want the removed item returned",[137,70857,70858],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[792,70860,123,70862,10371],{"id":70861},"use-remove-when",[15,70863,55272],{},[134,70865,70866,70869],{},[137,70867,70868],{},"you want to remove by value",[137,70870,70871],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70873,70874],{},"Compare these examples:",[31,70876,70878],{"className":33,"code":70877,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70879,70880,70904,70908,70926,70936],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70881,70882,70884,70886,70888,70890,70892,70894,70896,70898,70900,70902],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70883,47],{"class":46},[40,70885,51],{"class":50},[40,70887,55],{"class":54},[40,70889,59],{"class":58},[40,70891,62],{"class":54},[40,70893,65],{"class":58},[40,70895,62],{"class":54},[40,70897,70],{"class":58},[40,70899,62],{"class":54},[40,70901,65],{"class":58},[40,70903,73],{"class":54},[40,70905,70906],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,70907,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,70909,70910,70912,70914,70916,70918,70920,70922,70924],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,70911,69533],{"class":46},[40,70913,51],{"class":50},[40,70915,4045],{"class":46},[40,70917,289],{"class":54},[40,70919,26002],{"class":91},[40,70921,88],{"class":54},[40,70923,658],{"class":58},[40,70925,95],{"class":54},[40,70927,70928,70930,70932,70934],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,70929,101],{"class":84},[40,70931,88],{"class":54},[40,70933,69556],{"class":91},[40,70935,95],{"class":54},[40,70937,70938,70940,70942,70944],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,70939,101],{"class":84},[40,70941,88],{"class":54},[40,70943,92],{"class":91},[40,70945,95],{"class":54},[20,70947,111],{},[31,70949,70951],{"className":33,"code":70950,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70952,70953,70957],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70954,70955],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70956,70823],{"class":58},[40,70958,70959,70961,70963,70965,70967,70969,70971],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,70960,565],{"class":54},[40,70962,59],{"class":58},[40,70964,62],{"class":54},[40,70966,70],{"class":58},[40,70968,62],{"class":54},[40,70970,65],{"class":58},[40,70972,73],{"class":54},[31,70974,70976],{"className":33,"code":70975,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70977,70978,71002,71006,71020],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,70979,70980,70982,70984,70986,70988,70990,70992,70994,70996,70998,71000],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,70981,47],{"class":46},[40,70983,51],{"class":50},[40,70985,55],{"class":54},[40,70987,59],{"class":58},[40,70989,62],{"class":54},[40,70991,65],{"class":58},[40,70993,62],{"class":54},[40,70995,70],{"class":58},[40,70997,62],{"class":54},[40,70999,65],{"class":58},[40,71001,73],{"class":54},[40,71003,71004],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,71005,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,71007,71008,71010,71012,71014,71016,71018],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,71009,92],{"class":46},[40,71011,289],{"class":54},[40,71013,34557],{"class":91},[40,71015,88],{"class":54},[40,71017,15521],{"class":58},[40,71019,95],{"class":54},[40,71021,71022,71024,71026,71028],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,71023,101],{"class":84},[40,71025,88],{"class":54},[40,71027,92],{"class":91},[40,71029,95],{"class":54},[20,71031,111],{},[31,71033,71035],{"className":33,"code":71034,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71036,71037],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71038,71039,71041,71043,71045,71047,71049,71051],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71040,565],{"class":54},[40,71042,59],{"class":58},[40,71044,62],{"class":54},[40,71046,70],{"class":58},[40,71048,62],{"class":54},[40,71050,65],{"class":58},[40,71052,73],{"class":54},[20,71054,71055,71056,71059,71060,289],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71057,71058],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71061,658],{},[20,71063,56347,71064,71067,71068,289],{},[15,71065,71066],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71069,15521],{},[20,71071,71072,71073,289],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[282,71074,54811],{"href":54810},[129,71076,2613],{"id":2612},[20,71078,71079,71080,2669],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71081,12532],{},[134,71083,71084,71087,71090,71096,71100],{},[137,71085,71086],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[137,71088,71089],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[137,71091,36960,71092,8475,71094],{},[15,71093,12532],{},[15,71095,55272],{},[137,71097,8223,71098,61711],{},[15,71099,12532],{},[137,71101,71102],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71104,71105],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[31,71107,71109],{"className":33,"code":71108,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71110,71111,71121,71135,71149,71167],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71112,71113,71115,71117,71119],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71114,101],{"class":84},[40,71116,88],{"class":54},[40,71118,1272],{"class":91},[40,71120,95],{"class":54},[40,71122,71123,71125,71127,71129,71131,71133],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,71124,101],{"class":84},[40,71126,88],{"class":54},[40,71128,17],{"class":84},[40,71130,88],{"class":54},[40,71132,1272],{"class":91},[40,71134,256],{"class":54},[40,71136,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145,71147],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,71138,101],{"class":84},[40,71140,88],{"class":54},[40,71142,1272],{"class":91},[40,71144,289],{"class":54},[40,71146,26002],{"class":91},[40,71148,847],{"class":54},[40,71150,71151,71153,71155,71157,71159,71161,71163,71165],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,71152,101],{"class":84},[40,71154,88],{"class":54},[40,71156,1272],{"class":91},[40,71158,289],{"class":54},[40,71160,26002],{"class":91},[40,71162,88],{"class":54},[40,71164,192],{"class":58},[40,71166,256],{"class":54},[40,71168,71169,71171,71173,71175,71177,71179],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,71170,101],{"class":84},[40,71172,88],{"class":54},[40,71174,1297],{"class":609},[40,71176,88],{"class":54},[40,71178,35610],{"class":91},[40,71180,256],{"class":54},[20,71182,71183],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[134,71185,71186,71192],{},[137,71187,71188,71191],{},[15,71189,71190],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[137,71193,71194,71197],{},[15,71195,71196],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71199,71200,71201,71204],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71202,71203],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[129,71206,1636],{"id":1635},[792,71208,71210],{"id":71209},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71212,71213,71214,71216],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71215,12532],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[792,71218,71220],{"id":71219},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71222,71223,71225,71226,71228,71229,289],{},[15,71224,12532],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71227,55272],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71230,3565],{},[792,71232,71234],{"id":71233},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71236,71237,71238,71241],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71239,71240],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[792,71243,71245],{"id":71244},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71247,71248,71249,71251],{},"Python raises ",[15,71250,70330],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[129,71253,1687],{"id":1686},[134,71255,71256,71260,71265,71270,71275],{},[137,71257,71258],{},[282,71259,55258],{"href":54810},[137,71261,71262],{},[282,71263,71264],{"href":54815},"Python list remove() method",[137,71266,71267],{},[282,71268,71269],{"href":58707},"Python list index() method",[137,71271,71272],{},[282,71273,71274],{"href":622},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[137,71276,71277],{},[282,71278,1246],{"href":1245},[1715,71280,71281],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":71283},[71284,71285,71286,71287,71288,71289,71290,71295,71301,71302,71308],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":69459,"depth":76,"text":69460},{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":69769,"depth":76,"text":69770},{"id":69898,"depth":76,"text":69899},{"id":70169,"depth":76,"text":70170},{"id":70316,"depth":76,"text":70317,"children":71291},[71292,71293,71294],{"id":70320,"depth":98,"text":70321},{"id":70458,"depth":98,"text":70459},{"id":70641,"depth":98,"text":70642},{"id":70838,"depth":76,"text":70839,"children":71296},[71297,71299],{"id":70845,"depth":98,"text":71298},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70861,"depth":98,"text":71300},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":71303},[71304,71305,71306,71307],{"id":71209,"depth":98,"text":71210},{"id":71219,"depth":98,"text":71220},{"id":71233,"depth":98,"text":71234},{"id":71244,"depth":98,"text":71245},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69326,"description":71309},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71316,"title":71317,"body":71318,"description":73104,"extension":1746,"meta":73105,"navigation":360,"path":73106,"seo":73107,"stem":73108,"__hash__":73109},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71319,"toc":73086},[71320,71323,71328,71334,71336,71406,71412,71416,71421,71442,71445,71512,71514,71535,71543,71545,71564,71580,71582,71647,71649,71674,71676,71678,71743,71745,71770,71772,71786,71789,71842,71844,71865,71869,71877,71950,71952,71985,71991,71997,72088,72090,72115,72121,72210,72212,72236,72238,72242,72297,72299,72331,72334,72337,72431,72433,72466,72472,72478,72482,72489,72515,72519,72584,72586,72611,72615,72696,72698,72727,72732,72737,72743,72747,72754,72776,72780,72839,72841,72865,72874,72879,72881,72885,72914,72916,72991,72994,73008,73014,73016,73020,73023,73027,73032,73036,73045,73049,73057,73059,73083],[10,71321,71317],{"id":71322},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71324,606,71325,71327],{},[15,71326,54818],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71329,71330,71331,71333],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[183,71332,2255],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[129,71335,1787],{"id":1786},[31,71337,71339],{"className":33,"code":71338,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71340,71341,71373,71391,71401],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71342,71343,71345,71347,71349,71351,71353,71355,71357,71359,71361,71363,71365,71367,71369,71371],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71344,479],{"class":46},[40,71346,51],{"class":50},[40,71348,55],{"class":54},[40,71350,213],{"class":212},[40,71352,3862],{"class":216},[40,71354,213],{"class":212},[40,71356,62],{"class":54},[40,71358,224],{"class":212},[40,71360,3871],{"class":216},[40,71362,213],{"class":212},[40,71364,62],{"class":54},[40,71366,224],{"class":212},[40,71368,32982],{"class":216},[40,71370,213],{"class":212},[40,71372,73],{"class":54},[40,71374,71375,71377,71379,71381,71383,71385,71387,71389],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,71376,497],{"class":46},[40,71378,289],{"class":54},[40,71380,34557],{"class":91},[40,71382,88],{"class":54},[40,71384,213],{"class":212},[40,71386,3871],{"class":216},[40,71388,213],{"class":212},[40,71390,95],{"class":54},[40,71392,71393,71395,71397,71399],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,71394,101],{"class":84},[40,71396,88],{"class":54},[40,71398,497],{"class":91},[40,71400,95],{"class":54},[40,71402,71403],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,71404,71405],{"class":3449},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71407,123,71408,71411],{},[15,71409,71410],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[129,71413,71415],{"id":71414},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71417,71418,71420],{},[15,71419,55272],{}," is a list method that:",[134,71422,71423,71429,71434,71439],{},[137,71424,71425,71426,71428],{},"Deletes the ",[183,71427,29669],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[137,71430,71431,71432],{},"Changes the original list ",[183,71433,11103],{},[137,71435,12474,71436,71438],{},[183,71437,185],{}," return a new list",[137,71440,71441],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71443,71444],{},"This is important for beginners:",[31,71446,71448],{"className":33,"code":71447,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71449,71450,71470,71488,71492,71502],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71451,71452,71454,71456,71458,71460,71462,71464,71466,71468],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71453,47],{"class":46},[40,71455,51],{"class":50},[40,71457,55],{"class":54},[40,71459,658],{"class":58},[40,71461,62],{"class":54},[40,71463,663],{"class":58},[40,71465,62],{"class":54},[40,71467,749],{"class":58},[40,71469,73],{"class":54},[40,71471,71472,71474,71476,71478,71480,71482,71484,71486],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,71473,2013],{"class":46},[40,71475,51],{"class":50},[40,71477,4045],{"class":46},[40,71479,289],{"class":54},[40,71481,34557],{"class":91},[40,71483,88],{"class":54},[40,71485,744],{"class":58},[40,71487,95],{"class":54},[40,71489,71490],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,71491,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,71493,71494,71496,71498,71500],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,71495,101],{"class":84},[40,71497,88],{"class":54},[40,71499,92],{"class":91},[40,71501,95],{"class":54},[40,71503,71504,71506,71508,71510],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,71505,101],{"class":84},[40,71507,88],{"class":54},[40,71509,2048],{"class":91},[40,71511,95],{"class":54},[20,71513,111],{},[31,71515,71517],{"className":33,"code":71516,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71518,71519,71531],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71520,71521,71523,71525,71527,71529],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71522,565],{"class":54},[40,71524,658],{"class":58},[40,71526,62],{"class":54},[40,71528,749],{"class":58},[40,71530,73],{"class":54},[40,71532,71533],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,71534,11577],{"class":1494},[20,71536,71537,71538,71540,71541,289],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71539,55272],{}," itself returned ",[15,71542,3565],{},[129,71544,5210],{"id":5209},[31,71546,71548],{"className":33,"code":71547,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71549,71550],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71551,71552,71554,71556,71558,71560,71562],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71553,610],{"class":609},[40,71555,289],{"class":54},[40,71557,34557],{"class":91},[40,71559,88],{"class":54},[40,71561,2255],{"class":91},[40,71563,95],{"class":54},[134,71565,71566,71571,71574],{},[137,71567,71568,71570],{},[15,71569,2255],{}," is the item you want to delete",[137,71572,71573],{},"Python searches from left to right",[137,71575,71576,71577,71579],{},"Only the ",[183,71578,29669],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71581,195],{},[31,71583,71585],{"className":33,"code":71584,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71586,71587,71619,71637],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71588,71589,71591,71593,71595,71597,71599,71601,71603,71605,71607,71609,71611,71613,71615,71617],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71590,1000],{"class":46},[40,71592,51],{"class":50},[40,71594,55],{"class":54},[40,71596,213],{"class":212},[40,71598,282],{"class":216},[40,71600,213],{"class":212},[40,71602,62],{"class":54},[40,71604,224],{"class":212},[40,71606,1017],{"class":216},[40,71608,213],{"class":212},[40,71610,62],{"class":54},[40,71612,224],{"class":212},[40,71614,1026],{"class":216},[40,71616,213],{"class":212},[40,71618,73],{"class":54},[40,71620,71621,71623,71625,71627,71629,71631,71633,71635],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,71622,1043],{"class":46},[40,71624,289],{"class":54},[40,71626,34557],{"class":91},[40,71628,88],{"class":54},[40,71630,213],{"class":212},[40,71632,1017],{"class":216},[40,71634,213],{"class":212},[40,71636,95],{"class":54},[40,71638,71639,71641,71643,71645],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,71640,101],{"class":84},[40,71642,88],{"class":54},[40,71644,1043],{"class":91},[40,71646,95],{"class":54},[20,71648,111],{},[31,71650,71652],{"className":33,"code":71651,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71653,71654],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71655,71656,71658,71660,71662,71664,71666,71668,71670,71672],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71657,565],{"class":54},[40,71659,3087],{"class":212},[40,71661,282],{"class":216},[40,71663,3087],{"class":212},[40,71665,62],{"class":54},[40,71667,3082],{"class":212},[40,71669,1026],{"class":216},[40,71671,3087],{"class":212},[40,71673,73],{"class":54},[129,71675,293],{"id":292},[20,71677,64912],{},[31,71679,71681],{"className":33,"code":71680,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71682,71683,71715,71733],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71684,71685,71687,71689,71691,71693,71695,71697,71699,71701,71703,71705,71707,71709,71711,71713],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71686,309],{"class":46},[40,71688,51],{"class":50},[40,71690,55],{"class":54},[40,71692,213],{"class":212},[40,71694,318],{"class":216},[40,71696,213],{"class":212},[40,71698,62],{"class":54},[40,71700,224],{"class":212},[40,71702,336],{"class":216},[40,71704,213],{"class":212},[40,71706,62],{"class":54},[40,71708,224],{"class":212},[40,71710,327],{"class":216},[40,71712,213],{"class":212},[40,71714,73],{"class":54},[40,71716,71717,71719,71721,71723,71725,71727,71729,71731],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,71718,353],{"class":46},[40,71720,289],{"class":54},[40,71722,34557],{"class":91},[40,71724,88],{"class":54},[40,71726,213],{"class":212},[40,71728,336],{"class":216},[40,71730,213],{"class":212},[40,71732,95],{"class":54},[40,71734,71735,71737,71739,71741],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,71736,101],{"class":84},[40,71738,88],{"class":54},[40,71740,353],{"class":91},[40,71742,95],{"class":54},[20,71744,111],{},[31,71746,71748],{"className":33,"code":71747,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71749,71750],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71751,71752,71754,71756,71758,71760,71762,71764,71766,71768],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71753,565],{"class":54},[40,71755,3087],{"class":212},[40,71757,318],{"class":216},[40,71759,3087],{"class":212},[40,71761,62],{"class":54},[40,71763,3082],{"class":212},[40,71765,327],{"class":216},[40,71767,3087],{"class":212},[40,71769,73],{"class":54},[20,71771,385],{},[134,71773,71774,71777,71783],{},[137,71775,71776],{},"A list is created with three values",[137,71778,71779,71782],{},[15,71780,71781],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[137,71784,71785],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71787,71788],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[31,71790,71792],{"className":33,"code":71791,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71793,71794,71818,71832],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71795,71796,71798,71800,71802,71804,71806,71808,71810,71812,71814,71816],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71797,4842],{"class":46},[40,71799,51],{"class":50},[40,71801,55],{"class":54},[40,71803,59],{"class":58},[40,71805,62],{"class":54},[40,71807,65],{"class":58},[40,71809,62],{"class":54},[40,71811,70],{"class":58},[40,71813,62],{"class":54},[40,71815,50596],{"class":58},[40,71817,73],{"class":54},[40,71819,71820,71822,71824,71826,71828,71830],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,71821,16156],{"class":46},[40,71823,289],{"class":54},[40,71825,34557],{"class":91},[40,71827,88],{"class":54},[40,71829,36598],{"class":58},[40,71831,95],{"class":54},[40,71833,71834,71836,71838,71840],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,71835,101],{"class":84},[40,71837,88],{"class":54},[40,71839,16156],{"class":91},[40,71841,95],{"class":54},[20,71843,111],{},[31,71845,71847],{"className":33,"code":71846,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71848,71849],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71850,71851,71853,71855,71857,71859,71861,71863],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71852,565],{"class":54},[40,71854,59],{"class":58},[40,71856,62],{"class":54},[40,71858,65],{"class":58},[40,71860,62],{"class":54},[40,71862,50596],{"class":58},[40,71864,73],{"class":54},[129,71866,71868],{"id":71867},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71870,64902,71871,71873,71874,71876],{},[15,71872,55272],{}," deletes only the ",[183,71875,29669],{}," one.",[31,71878,71880],{"className":33,"code":71879,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71881,71882,71922,71940],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71883,71884,71886,71888,71890,71892,71894,71896,71898,71900,71902,71904,71906,71908,71910,71912,71914,71916,71918,71920],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71885,479],{"class":46},[40,71887,51],{"class":50},[40,71889,55],{"class":54},[40,71891,213],{"class":212},[40,71893,3862],{"class":216},[40,71895,213],{"class":212},[40,71897,62],{"class":54},[40,71899,224],{"class":212},[40,71901,3871],{"class":216},[40,71903,213],{"class":212},[40,71905,62],{"class":54},[40,71907,224],{"class":212},[40,71909,3862],{"class":216},[40,71911,213],{"class":212},[40,71913,62],{"class":54},[40,71915,224],{"class":212},[40,71917,32982],{"class":216},[40,71919,213],{"class":212},[40,71921,73],{"class":54},[40,71923,71924,71926,71928,71930,71932,71934,71936,71938],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,71925,497],{"class":46},[40,71927,289],{"class":54},[40,71929,34557],{"class":91},[40,71931,88],{"class":54},[40,71933,213],{"class":212},[40,71935,3862],{"class":216},[40,71937,213],{"class":212},[40,71939,95],{"class":54},[40,71941,71942,71944,71946,71948],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,71943,101],{"class":84},[40,71945,88],{"class":54},[40,71947,497],{"class":91},[40,71949,95],{"class":54},[20,71951,111],{},[31,71953,71955],{"className":33,"code":71954,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71956,71957],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,71958,71959,71961,71963,71965,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981,71983],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,71960,565],{"class":54},[40,71962,3087],{"class":212},[40,71964,3871],{"class":216},[40,71966,3087],{"class":212},[40,71968,62],{"class":54},[40,71970,3082],{"class":212},[40,71972,3862],{"class":216},[40,71974,3087],{"class":212},[40,71976,62],{"class":54},[40,71978,3082],{"class":212},[40,71980,32982],{"class":216},[40,71982,3087],{"class":212},[40,71984,73],{"class":54},[20,71986,71987,71988,71990],{},"Only the first ",[15,71989,57576],{}," was removed.",[20,71992,71993,71994,71996],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,71995,55272],{}," again:",[31,71998,72000],{"className":33,"code":71999,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72001,72002,72042,72060,72078],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72003,72004,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030,72032,72034,72036,72038,72040],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72005,479],{"class":46},[40,72007,51],{"class":50},[40,72009,55],{"class":54},[40,72011,213],{"class":212},[40,72013,3862],{"class":216},[40,72015,213],{"class":212},[40,72017,62],{"class":54},[40,72019,224],{"class":212},[40,72021,3871],{"class":216},[40,72023,213],{"class":212},[40,72025,62],{"class":54},[40,72027,224],{"class":212},[40,72029,3862],{"class":216},[40,72031,213],{"class":212},[40,72033,62],{"class":54},[40,72035,224],{"class":212},[40,72037,32982],{"class":216},[40,72039,213],{"class":212},[40,72041,73],{"class":54},[40,72043,72044,72046,72048,72050,72052,72054,72056,72058],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,72045,497],{"class":46},[40,72047,289],{"class":54},[40,72049,34557],{"class":91},[40,72051,88],{"class":54},[40,72053,213],{"class":212},[40,72055,3862],{"class":216},[40,72057,213],{"class":212},[40,72059,95],{"class":54},[40,72061,72062,72064,72066,72068,72070,72072,72074,72076],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,72063,497],{"class":46},[40,72065,289],{"class":54},[40,72067,34557],{"class":91},[40,72069,88],{"class":54},[40,72071,213],{"class":212},[40,72073,3862],{"class":216},[40,72075,213],{"class":212},[40,72077,95],{"class":54},[40,72079,72080,72082,72084,72086],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,72081,101],{"class":84},[40,72083,88],{"class":54},[40,72085,497],{"class":91},[40,72087,95],{"class":54},[20,72089,111],{},[31,72091,72093],{"className":33,"code":72092,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72094,72095],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72096,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107,72109,72111,72113],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72098,565],{"class":54},[40,72100,3087],{"class":212},[40,72102,3871],{"class":216},[40,72104,3087],{"class":212},[40,72106,62],{"class":54},[40,72108,3082],{"class":212},[40,72110,32982],{"class":216},[40,72112,3087],{"class":212},[40,72114,73],{"class":54},[20,72116,72117,72118,72120],{},"If you need to remove ",[183,72119,3502],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[31,72122,72124],{"className":33,"code":72123,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72125,72126,72166,72200],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72127,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156,72158,72160,72162,72164],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72129,479],{"class":46},[40,72131,51],{"class":50},[40,72133,55],{"class":54},[40,72135,213],{"class":212},[40,72137,3862],{"class":216},[40,72139,213],{"class":212},[40,72141,62],{"class":54},[40,72143,224],{"class":212},[40,72145,3871],{"class":216},[40,72147,213],{"class":212},[40,72149,62],{"class":54},[40,72151,224],{"class":212},[40,72153,3862],{"class":216},[40,72155,213],{"class":212},[40,72157,62],{"class":54},[40,72159,224],{"class":212},[40,72161,32982],{"class":216},[40,72163,213],{"class":212},[40,72165,73],{"class":54},[40,72167,72168,72170,72172,72174,72176,72178,72180,72182,72185,72187,72189,72192,72194,72196,72198],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,72169,479],{"class":46},[40,72171,51],{"class":50},[40,72173,55],{"class":54},[40,72175,28298],{"class":46},[40,72177,1548],{"class":535},[40,72179,5737],{"class":46},[40,72181,1554],{"class":535},[40,72183,72184],{"class":46}," items ",[40,72186,536],{"class":535},[40,72188,5737],{"class":46},[40,72190,72191],{"class":50},"!=",[40,72193,224],{"class":212},[40,72195,3862],{"class":216},[40,72197,213],{"class":212},[40,72199,73],{"class":54},[40,72201,72202,72204,72206,72208],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,72203,101],{"class":84},[40,72205,88],{"class":54},[40,72207,497],{"class":91},[40,72209,95],{"class":54},[20,72211,111],{},[31,72213,72214],{"className":33,"code":72092,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,72215,72216],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72217,72218,72220,72222,72224,72226,72228,72230,72232,72234],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72219,565],{"class":54},[40,72221,3087],{"class":212},[40,72223,3871],{"class":216},[40,72225,3087],{"class":212},[40,72227,62],{"class":54},[40,72229,3082],{"class":212},[40,72231,32982],{"class":216},[40,72233,3087],{"class":212},[40,72235,73],{"class":54},[129,72237,65367],{"id":65366},[20,72239,65370,72240,289],{},[15,72241,40459],{},[31,72243,72245],{"className":33,"code":72244,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72246,72247,72279],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72248,72249,72251,72253,72255,72257,72259,72261,72263,72265,72267,72269,72271,72273,72275,72277],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72250,479],{"class":46},[40,72252,51],{"class":50},[40,72254,55],{"class":54},[40,72256,213],{"class":212},[40,72258,3862],{"class":216},[40,72260,213],{"class":212},[40,72262,62],{"class":54},[40,72264,224],{"class":212},[40,72266,3871],{"class":216},[40,72268,213],{"class":212},[40,72270,62],{"class":54},[40,72272,224],{"class":212},[40,72274,32982],{"class":216},[40,72276,213],{"class":212},[40,72278,73],{"class":54},[40,72280,72281,72283,72285,72287,72289,72291,72293,72295],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,72282,497],{"class":46},[40,72284,289],{"class":54},[40,72286,34557],{"class":91},[40,72288,88],{"class":54},[40,72290,213],{"class":212},[40,72292,22294],{"class":216},[40,72294,213],{"class":212},[40,72296,95],{"class":54},[20,72298,111],{},[31,72300,72302],{"className":33,"code":72301,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72303,72304],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72305,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320,72322,72324,72326,72328],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72307,40459],{"class":609},[40,72309,2669],{"class":54},[40,72311,22321],{"class":609},[40,72313,289],{"class":54},[40,72315,34557],{"class":91},[40,72317,88],{"class":54},[40,72319,1957],{"class":91},[40,72321,16219],{"class":54},[40,72323,3666],{"class":46},[40,72325,185],{"class":50},[40,72327,20934],{"class":50},[40,72329,72330],{"class":609}," list\n",[20,72332,72333],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72335,72336],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[31,72338,72340],{"className":33,"code":72339,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72341,72342,72374,72386,72390,72402,72417,72421],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72343,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72345,479],{"class":46},[40,72347,51],{"class":50},[40,72349,55],{"class":54},[40,72351,213],{"class":212},[40,72353,3862],{"class":216},[40,72355,213],{"class":212},[40,72357,62],{"class":54},[40,72359,224],{"class":212},[40,72361,3871],{"class":216},[40,72363,213],{"class":212},[40,72365,62],{"class":54},[40,72367,224],{"class":212},[40,72369,32982],{"class":216},[40,72371,213],{"class":212},[40,72373,73],{"class":54},[40,72375,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,72377,2230],{"class":46},[40,72379,51],{"class":50},[40,72381,224],{"class":212},[40,72383,22294],{"class":216},[40,72385,3146],{"class":212},[40,72387,72388],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,72389,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,72391,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,72393,536],{"class":535},[40,72395,21345],{"class":46},[40,72397,1554],{"class":50},[40,72399,5742],{"class":46},[40,72401,553],{"class":54},[40,72403,72404,72407,72409,72411,72413,72415],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,72405,72406],{"class":46},"    items",[40,72408,289],{"class":54},[40,72410,34557],{"class":91},[40,72412,88],{"class":54},[40,72414,2255],{"class":91},[40,72416,95],{"class":54},[40,72418,72419],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,72420,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,72422,72423,72425,72427,72429],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,72424,101],{"class":84},[40,72426,88],{"class":54},[40,72428,497],{"class":91},[40,72430,95],{"class":54},[20,72432,111],{},[31,72434,72436],{"className":33,"code":72435,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72437,72438],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72439,72440,72442,72444,72446,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456,72458,72460,72462,72464],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72441,565],{"class":54},[40,72443,3087],{"class":212},[40,72445,3862],{"class":216},[40,72447,3087],{"class":212},[40,72449,62],{"class":54},[40,72451,3082],{"class":212},[40,72453,3871],{"class":216},[40,72455,3087],{"class":212},[40,72457,62],{"class":54},[40,72459,3082],{"class":212},[40,72461,32982],{"class":216},[40,72463,3087],{"class":212},[40,72465,73],{"class":54},[20,72467,72468,72469,72471],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72470,55272],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72473,72474,72475,289],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[282,72476,65576],{"href":72477},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[129,72479,72481],{"id":72480},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72483,72484,4176,72486,72488],{},[15,72485,55272],{},[15,72487,12532],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[134,72490,72491,72498,72504,72510],{},[137,72492,72493,72495,72496],{},[15,72494,55272],{}," deletes by ",[183,72497,2255],{},[137,72499,72500,72495,72502],{},[15,72501,12532],{},[183,72503,35610],{},[137,72505,72506,398,72508],{},[15,72507,55272],{},[15,72509,3565],{},[137,72511,72512,72514],{},[15,72513,12532],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72516,45793,72517,2669],{},[15,72518,55272],{},[31,72520,72522],{"className":33,"code":72521,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72523,72524,72556,72574],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72525,72526,72528,72530,72532,72534,72536,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546,72548,72550,72552,72554],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72527,479],{"class":46},[40,72529,51],{"class":50},[40,72531,55],{"class":54},[40,72533,213],{"class":212},[40,72535,3862],{"class":216},[40,72537,213],{"class":212},[40,72539,62],{"class":54},[40,72541,224],{"class":212},[40,72543,3871],{"class":216},[40,72545,213],{"class":212},[40,72547,62],{"class":54},[40,72549,224],{"class":212},[40,72551,32982],{"class":216},[40,72553,213],{"class":212},[40,72555,73],{"class":54},[40,72557,72558,72560,72562,72564,72566,72568,72570,72572],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,72559,497],{"class":46},[40,72561,289],{"class":54},[40,72563,34557],{"class":91},[40,72565,88],{"class":54},[40,72567,213],{"class":212},[40,72569,3871],{"class":216},[40,72571,213],{"class":212},[40,72573,95],{"class":54},[40,72575,72576,72578,72580,72582],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,72577,101],{"class":84},[40,72579,88],{"class":54},[40,72581,497],{"class":91},[40,72583,95],{"class":54},[20,72585,111],{},[31,72587,72589],{"className":33,"code":72588,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72590,72591],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72592,72593,72595,72597,72599,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72594,565],{"class":54},[40,72596,3087],{"class":212},[40,72598,3862],{"class":216},[40,72600,3087],{"class":212},[40,72602,62],{"class":54},[40,72604,3082],{"class":212},[40,72606,32982],{"class":216},[40,72608,3087],{"class":212},[40,72610,73],{"class":54},[20,72612,45793,72613,2669],{},[15,72614,12532],{},[31,72616,72618],{"className":33,"code":72617,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72619,72620,72652,72671,72675,72685],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72621,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72623,479],{"class":46},[40,72625,51],{"class":50},[40,72627,55],{"class":54},[40,72629,213],{"class":212},[40,72631,3862],{"class":216},[40,72633,213],{"class":212},[40,72635,62],{"class":54},[40,72637,224],{"class":212},[40,72639,3871],{"class":216},[40,72641,213],{"class":212},[40,72643,62],{"class":54},[40,72645,224],{"class":212},[40,72647,32982],{"class":216},[40,72649,213],{"class":212},[40,72651,73],{"class":54},[40,72653,72654,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665,72667,72669],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,72655,72656],{"class":46},"removed_item ",[40,72658,51],{"class":50},[40,72660,5742],{"class":46},[40,72662,289],{"class":54},[40,72664,26002],{"class":91},[40,72666,88],{"class":54},[40,72668,658],{"class":58},[40,72670,95],{"class":54},[40,72672,72673],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,72674,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,72676,72677,72679,72681,72683],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,72678,101],{"class":84},[40,72680,88],{"class":54},[40,72682,497],{"class":91},[40,72684,95],{"class":54},[40,72686,72687,72689,72691,72694],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,72688,101],{"class":84},[40,72690,88],{"class":54},[40,72692,72693],{"class":91},"removed_item",[40,72695,95],{"class":54},[20,72697,111],{},[31,72699,72701],{"className":33,"code":72700,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72702,72703,72723],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72704,72705,72707,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719,72721],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72706,565],{"class":54},[40,72708,3087],{"class":212},[40,72710,3862],{"class":216},[40,72712,3087],{"class":212},[40,72714,62],{"class":54},[40,72716,3082],{"class":212},[40,72718,32982],{"class":216},[40,72720,3087],{"class":212},[40,72722,73],{"class":54},[40,72724,72725],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,72726,70005],{"class":46},[20,72728,123,72729,72731],{},[15,72730,55272],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72733,123,72734,72736],{},[15,72735,12532],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72738,72739,72740,289],{},"For more detail, see the ",[282,72741,72742],{"href":54822},"Python list pop() method",[129,72744,72746],{"id":72745},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72748,72749,4176,72751,72753],{},[15,72750,55272],{},[15,72752,26786],{}," are also different.",[134,72755,72756,72761,72766,72771],{},[137,72757,72758,72760],{},[15,72759,55272],{}," deletes by matching value",[137,72762,72763,72765],{},[15,72764,26786],{}," deletes by index or slice",[137,72767,123,72768,72770],{},[15,72769,26786],{}," when you know the position",[137,72772,123,72773,72775],{},[15,72774,55272],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72777,45793,72778,2669],{},[15,72779,26786],{},[31,72781,72783],{"className":33,"code":72782,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72784,72785,72817,72829],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72786,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799,72801,72803,72805,72807,72809,72811,72813,72815],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72788,479],{"class":46},[40,72790,51],{"class":50},[40,72792,55],{"class":54},[40,72794,213],{"class":212},[40,72796,3862],{"class":216},[40,72798,213],{"class":212},[40,72800,62],{"class":54},[40,72802,224],{"class":212},[40,72804,3871],{"class":216},[40,72806,213],{"class":212},[40,72808,62],{"class":54},[40,72810,224],{"class":212},[40,72812,32982],{"class":216},[40,72814,213],{"class":212},[40,72816,73],{"class":54},[40,72818,72819,72821,72823,72825,72827],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,72820,26786],{"class":535},[40,72822,5742],{"class":46},[40,72824,565],{"class":54},[40,72826,658],{"class":58},[40,72828,73],{"class":54},[40,72830,72831,72833,72835,72837],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,72832,101],{"class":84},[40,72834,88],{"class":54},[40,72836,497],{"class":91},[40,72838,95],{"class":54},[20,72840,111],{},[31,72842,72843],{"className":33,"code":72588,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,72844,72845],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72846,72847,72849,72851,72853,72855,72857,72859,72861,72863],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72848,565],{"class":54},[40,72850,3087],{"class":212},[40,72852,3862],{"class":216},[40,72854,3087],{"class":212},[40,72856,62],{"class":54},[40,72858,3082],{"class":212},[40,72860,32982],{"class":216},[40,72862,3087],{"class":212},[40,72864,73],{"class":54},[20,72866,72867,72868,72870,72871,72873],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72869,658],{},", not the value ",[15,72872,65012],{}," directly.",[20,72875,72876,72877,289],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[282,72878,54811],{"href":54810},[129,72880,2613],{"id":2612},[20,72882,20972,72883,2669],{},[15,72884,55272],{},[134,72886,72887,72890,72895,72902,72911],{},[137,72888,72889],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[137,72891,8223,72892,72894],{},[15,72893,55272],{}," to delete all matching values",[137,72896,12364,72897,72899,72900],{},[15,72898,55272],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72901,3565],{},[137,72903,795,72904,44382,72906,2662,72908,72910],{},[15,72905,55272],{},[15,72907,12532],{},[15,72909,26786],{}," would be a better fit",[137,72912,72913],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72915,71105],{},[31,72917,72919],{"className":33,"code":72918,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72920,72921,72931,72945,72963,72977],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,72922,72923,72925,72927,72929],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,72924,101],{"class":84},[40,72926,88],{"class":54},[40,72928,1272],{"class":91},[40,72930,95],{"class":54},[40,72932,72933,72935,72937,72939,72941,72943],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,72934,101],{"class":84},[40,72936,88],{"class":54},[40,72938,2230],{"class":91},[40,72940,1554],{"class":535},[40,72942,8166],{"class":91},[40,72944,95],{"class":54},[40,72946,72947,72949,72951,72953,72955,72957,72959,72961],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,72948,101],{"class":84},[40,72950,88],{"class":54},[40,72952,1272],{"class":91},[40,72954,289],{"class":54},[40,72956,106],{"class":91},[40,72958,88],{"class":54},[40,72960,2255],{"class":91},[40,72962,256],{"class":54},[40,72964,72965,72967,72969,72971,72973,72975],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,72966,101],{"class":84},[40,72968,88],{"class":54},[40,72970,1297],{"class":609},[40,72972,88],{"class":54},[40,72974,1272],{"class":91},[40,72976,256],{"class":54},[40,72978,72979,72981,72983,72985,72987,72989],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,72980,31913],{"class":84},[40,72982,88],{"class":54},[40,72984,610],{"class":609},[40,72986,289],{"class":54},[40,72988,34557],{"class":24512},[40,72990,95],{"class":54},[20,72992,72993],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[134,72995,72996,72999,73002,73005],{},[137,72997,72998],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[137,73000,73001],{},"How many times does it appear?",[137,73003,73004],{},"Am I working with a list?",[137,73006,73007],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73009,73010,73011,73013],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[282,73012,71269],{"href":58707}," may also help.",[129,73015,1636],{"id":1635},[792,73017,73019],{"id":73018},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73021,73022],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[792,73024,73026],{"id":73025},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73028,1657,73029,73031],{},[15,73030,3565],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[792,73033,73035],{"id":73034},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73037,73038,73039,73042,73043,289],{},"Check with ",[15,73040,73041],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73044,55272],{},[792,73046,73048],{"id":73047},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73050,123,73051,73053,73054,73056],{},[15,73052,55272],{}," for a value and ",[15,73055,12532],{}," for an index.",[129,73058,1687],{"id":1686},[134,73060,73061,73065,73069,73073,73077],{},[137,73062,73063],{},[282,73064,55258],{"href":54810},[137,73066,73067],{},[282,73068,72742],{"href":54822},[137,73070,73071],{},[282,73072,71269],{"href":58707},[137,73074,73075],{},[282,73076,65576],{"href":72477},[137,73078,73079],{},[282,73080,73082],{"href":73081},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1715,73084,73085],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":73087},[73088,73089,73090,73091,73092,73093,73094,73095,73096,73097,73103],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":71414,"depth":76,"text":71415},{"id":5209,"depth":76,"text":5210},{"id":292,"depth":76,"text":293},{"id":71867,"depth":76,"text":71868},{"id":65366,"depth":76,"text":65367},{"id":72480,"depth":76,"text":72481},{"id":72745,"depth":76,"text":72746},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":73098},[73099,73100,73101,73102],{"id":73018,"depth":98,"text":73019},{"id":73025,"depth":98,"text":73026},{"id":73034,"depth":98,"text":73035},{"id":73047,"depth":98,"text":73048},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71317,"description":73104},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73111,"title":73112,"body":73113,"description":75004,"extension":1746,"meta":75005,"navigation":360,"path":75006,"seo":75007,"stem":75008,"__hash__":75009},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73114,"toc":74974},[73115,73121,73127,73130,73141,73143,73192,73197,73202,73206,73221,73223,73288,73290,73331,73333,73335,73350,73352,73363,73365,73422,73424,73457,73459,73462,73511,73513,73538,73540,73556,73562,73569,73630,73632,73665,73670,73673,73753,73755,73816,73822,73826,73829,73893,73895,73920,73922,73942,73944,73993,73995,74016,74025,74028,74032,74037,74082,74084,74105,74111,74116,74124,74188,74190,74227,74233,74237,74244,74309,74311,74348,74352,74369,74379,74384,74389,74400,74407,74409,74415,74438,74441,74468,74473,74476,74577,74579,74634,74637,74744,74746,74817,74820,74846,74848,74853,74857,74865,74870,74875,74881,74886,74890,74893,74910,74913,74933,74941,74943,74971],[10,73116,54085,73118,11091],{"id":73117},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73119,73120],{},"reverse()",[20,73122,73123,73126],{},[15,73124,73125],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73128,73129],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73131,73132,73133,73135,73136,73140],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73134,73120],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[282,73137,73139],{"href":73138},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[129,73142,3396],{"id":3395},[31,73144,73146],{"className":33,"code":73145,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73147,73148,73168,73179],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73149,73150,73152,73154,73156,73158,73160,73162,73164,73166],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73151,47],{"class":46},[40,73153,51],{"class":50},[40,73155,55],{"class":54},[40,73157,658],{"class":58},[40,73159,62],{"class":54},[40,73161,663],{"class":58},[40,73163,62],{"class":54},[40,73165,749],{"class":58},[40,73167,73],{"class":54},[40,73169,73170,73172,73174,73177],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,73171,92],{"class":46},[40,73173,289],{"class":54},[40,73175,73176],{"class":91},"reverse",[40,73178,8413],{"class":54},[40,73180,73181,73183,73185,73187,73189],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,73182,101],{"class":84},[40,73184,88],{"class":54},[40,73186,92],{"class":91},[40,73188,18],{"class":54},[40,73190,73191],{"class":3449},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73193,73194,73196],{},[15,73195,73120],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[129,73198,158,73200,3466],{"id":73199},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73201,73125],{},[20,73203,73204,2669],{},[15,73205,73125],{},[134,73207,73208,73211,73214,73218],{},[137,73209,73210],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[137,73212,73213],{},"Changes the original list directly",[137,73215,11193,73216],{},[15,73217,3565],{},[137,73219,73220],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73222,195],{},[31,73224,73226],{"className":33,"code":73225,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73227,73228,73268,73278],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73229,73230,73232,73234,73236,73238,73240,73242,73244,73246,73248,73250,73252,73254,73256,73258,73260,73262,73264,73266],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73231,1000],{"class":46},[40,73233,51],{"class":50},[40,73235,55],{"class":54},[40,73237,213],{"class":212},[40,73239,282],{"class":216},[40,73241,213],{"class":212},[40,73243,62],{"class":54},[40,73245,224],{"class":212},[40,73247,1017],{"class":216},[40,73249,213],{"class":212},[40,73251,62],{"class":54},[40,73253,224],{"class":212},[40,73255,1026],{"class":216},[40,73257,213],{"class":212},[40,73259,62],{"class":54},[40,73261,224],{"class":212},[40,73263,18530],{"class":216},[40,73265,213],{"class":212},[40,73267,73],{"class":54},[40,73269,73270,73272,73274,73276],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,73271,1043],{"class":46},[40,73273,289],{"class":54},[40,73275,73176],{"class":91},[40,73277,8413],{"class":54},[40,73279,73280,73282,73284,73286],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,73281,101],{"class":84},[40,73283,88],{"class":54},[40,73285,1043],{"class":91},[40,73287,95],{"class":54},[20,73289,111],{},[31,73291,73293],{"className":33,"code":73292,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73294,73295],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73296,73297,73299,73301,73303,73305,73307,73309,73311,73313,73315,73317,73319,73321,73323,73325,73327,73329],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73298,565],{"class":54},[40,73300,3087],{"class":212},[40,73302,18530],{"class":216},[40,73304,3087],{"class":212},[40,73306,62],{"class":54},[40,73308,3082],{"class":212},[40,73310,1026],{"class":216},[40,73312,3087],{"class":212},[40,73314,62],{"class":54},[40,73316,3082],{"class":212},[40,73318,1017],{"class":216},[40,73320,3087],{"class":212},[40,73322,62],{"class":54},[40,73324,3082],{"class":212},[40,73326,282],{"class":216},[40,73328,3087],{"class":212},[40,73330,73],{"class":54},[129,73332,1940],{"id":1939},[20,73334,1943],{},[31,73336,73338],{"className":33,"code":73337,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73339,73340],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73341,73342,73344,73346,73348],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73343,1272],{"class":46},[40,73345,289],{"class":54},[40,73347,73176],{"class":91},[40,73349,8413],{"class":54},[20,73351,12821],{},[134,73353,73354,73357,73360],{},[137,73355,73356],{},"No arguments are needed",[137,73358,73359],{},"You call it on an existing list",[137,73361,73362],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73364,195],{},[31,73366,73368],{"className":33,"code":73367,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73369,73370,73402,73412],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73371,73372,73374,73376,73378,73380,73382,73384,73386,73388,73390,73392,73394,73396,73398,73400],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73373,309],{"class":46},[40,73375,51],{"class":50},[40,73377,55],{"class":54},[40,73379,213],{"class":212},[40,73381,318],{"class":216},[40,73383,213],{"class":212},[40,73385,62],{"class":54},[40,73387,224],{"class":212},[40,73389,327],{"class":216},[40,73391,213],{"class":212},[40,73393,62],{"class":54},[40,73395,224],{"class":212},[40,73397,336],{"class":216},[40,73399,213],{"class":212},[40,73401,73],{"class":54},[40,73403,73404,73406,73408,73410],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,73405,353],{"class":46},[40,73407,289],{"class":54},[40,73409,73176],{"class":91},[40,73411,8413],{"class":54},[40,73413,73414,73416,73418,73420],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,73415,101],{"class":84},[40,73417,88],{"class":54},[40,73419,353],{"class":91},[40,73421,95],{"class":54},[20,73423,111],{},[31,73425,73427],{"className":33,"code":73426,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73428,73429],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73430,73431,73433,73435,73437,73439,73441,73443,73445,73447,73449,73451,73453,73455],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73432,565],{"class":54},[40,73434,3087],{"class":212},[40,73436,336],{"class":216},[40,73438,3087],{"class":212},[40,73440,62],{"class":54},[40,73442,3082],{"class":212},[40,73444,327],{"class":216},[40,73446,3087],{"class":212},[40,73448,62],{"class":54},[40,73450,3082],{"class":212},[40,73452,318],{"class":216},[40,73454,3087],{"class":212},[40,73456,73],{"class":54},[129,73458,11245],{"id":11244},[20,73460,73461],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[31,73463,73465],{"className":33,"code":73464,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73466,73467,73491,73501],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73468,73469,73471,73473,73475,73477,73479,73481,73483,73485,73487,73489],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73470,47],{"class":46},[40,73472,51],{"class":50},[40,73474,55],{"class":54},[40,73476,59],{"class":58},[40,73478,62],{"class":54},[40,73480,65],{"class":58},[40,73482,62],{"class":54},[40,73484,70],{"class":58},[40,73486,62],{"class":54},[40,73488,50596],{"class":58},[40,73490,73],{"class":54},[40,73492,73493,73495,73497,73499],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,73494,92],{"class":46},[40,73496,289],{"class":54},[40,73498,73176],{"class":91},[40,73500,8413],{"class":54},[40,73502,73503,73505,73507,73509],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,73504,101],{"class":84},[40,73506,88],{"class":54},[40,73508,92],{"class":91},[40,73510,95],{"class":54},[20,73512,111],{},[31,73514,73516],{"className":33,"code":73515,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73517,73518],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73519,73520,73522,73524,73526,73528,73530,73532,73534,73536],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73521,565],{"class":54},[40,73523,56435],{"class":58},[40,73525,62],{"class":54},[40,73527,70],{"class":58},[40,73529,62],{"class":54},[40,73531,65],{"class":58},[40,73533,62],{"class":54},[40,73535,5781],{"class":58},[40,73537,73],{"class":54},[20,73539,385],{},[134,73541,73542,73548,73553],{},[137,73543,73544,73545],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73546,73547],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[137,73549,73550,73552],{},[15,73551,73120],{}," flips the order",[137,73554,73555],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[129,73557,73559,73561],{"id":73558},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73560,73120],{}," changes the original list",[20,73563,73564,73565,73568],{},"This method is ",[183,73566,73567],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[31,73570,73572],{"className":33,"code":73571,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73573,73574,73606,73616,73620],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73575,73576,73578,73580,73582,73584,73586,73588,73590,73592,73594,73596,73598,73600,73602,73604],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73577,35995],{"class":46},[40,73579,51],{"class":50},[40,73581,55],{"class":54},[40,73583,213],{"class":212},[40,73585,3862],{"class":216},[40,73587,213],{"class":212},[40,73589,62],{"class":54},[40,73591,224],{"class":212},[40,73593,3871],{"class":216},[40,73595,213],{"class":212},[40,73597,62],{"class":54},[40,73599,224],{"class":212},[40,73601,3880],{"class":216},[40,73603,213],{"class":212},[40,73605,73],{"class":54},[40,73607,73608,73610,73612,73614],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,73609,36047],{"class":46},[40,73611,289],{"class":54},[40,73613,73176],{"class":91},[40,73615,8413],{"class":54},[40,73617,73618],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,73619,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,73621,73622,73624,73626,73628],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,73623,101],{"class":84},[40,73625,88],{"class":54},[40,73627,36047],{"class":91},[40,73629,95],{"class":54},[20,73631,111],{},[31,73633,73635],{"className":33,"code":73634,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73636,73637],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73638,73639,73641,73643,73645,73647,73649,73651,73653,73655,73657,73659,73661,73663],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73640,565],{"class":54},[40,73642,3087],{"class":212},[40,73644,3880],{"class":216},[40,73646,3087],{"class":212},[40,73648,62],{"class":54},[40,73650,3082],{"class":212},[40,73652,3871],{"class":216},[40,73654,3087],{"class":212},[40,73656,62],{"class":54},[40,73658,3082],{"class":212},[40,73660,3862],{"class":216},[40,73662,3087],{"class":212},[40,73664,73],{"class":54},[20,73666,123,73667,73669],{},[15,73668,73120],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73671,73672],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[31,73674,73676],{"className":33,"code":73675,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73677,73678,73710,73728,73732,73742],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73679,73680,73682,73684,73686,73688,73690,73692,73694,73696,73698,73700,73702,73704,73706,73708],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73681,35995],{"class":46},[40,73683,51],{"class":50},[40,73685,55],{"class":54},[40,73687,213],{"class":212},[40,73689,3862],{"class":216},[40,73691,213],{"class":212},[40,73693,62],{"class":54},[40,73695,224],{"class":212},[40,73697,3871],{"class":216},[40,73699,213],{"class":212},[40,73701,62],{"class":54},[40,73703,224],{"class":212},[40,73705,3880],{"class":216},[40,73707,213],{"class":212},[40,73709,73],{"class":54},[40,73711,73712,73715,73717,73719,73722,73724,73726],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,73713,73714],{"class":46},"reversed_fruits ",[40,73716,51],{"class":50},[40,73718,52596],{"class":46},[40,73720,73721],{"class":54},"[::",[40,73723,1806],{"class":50},[40,73725,658],{"class":58},[40,73727,73],{"class":54},[40,73729,73730],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,73731,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,73733,73734,73736,73738,73740],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,73735,101],{"class":84},[40,73737,88],{"class":54},[40,73739,36047],{"class":91},[40,73741,95],{"class":54},[40,73743,73744,73746,73748,73751],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,73745,101],{"class":84},[40,73747,88],{"class":54},[40,73749,73750],{"class":91},"reversed_fruits",[40,73752,95],{"class":54},[20,73754,111],{},[31,73756,73758],{"className":33,"code":73757,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73759,73760,73788],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73761,73762,73764,73766,73768,73770,73772,73774,73776,73778,73780,73782,73784,73786],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73763,565],{"class":54},[40,73765,3087],{"class":212},[40,73767,3862],{"class":216},[40,73769,3087],{"class":212},[40,73771,62],{"class":54},[40,73773,3082],{"class":212},[40,73775,3871],{"class":216},[40,73777,3087],{"class":212},[40,73779,62],{"class":54},[40,73781,3082],{"class":212},[40,73783,3880],{"class":216},[40,73785,3087],{"class":212},[40,73787,73],{"class":54},[40,73789,73790,73792,73794,73796,73798,73800,73802,73804,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,73791,565],{"class":54},[40,73793,3087],{"class":212},[40,73795,3880],{"class":216},[40,73797,3087],{"class":212},[40,73799,62],{"class":54},[40,73801,3082],{"class":212},[40,73803,3871],{"class":216},[40,73805,3087],{"class":212},[40,73807,62],{"class":54},[40,73809,3082],{"class":212},[40,73811,3862],{"class":216},[40,73813,3087],{"class":212},[40,73815,73],{"class":54},[20,73817,73818,73819,289],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[282,73820,73821],{"href":73138},"Python list slicing explained",[129,73823,73825],{"id":73824},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73827,73828],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[31,73830,73832],{"className":33,"code":73831,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73833,73834,73854,73868,73872,73883],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73835,73836,73838,73840,73842,73844,73846,73848,73850,73852],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73837,47],{"class":46},[40,73839,51],{"class":50},[40,73841,55],{"class":54},[40,73843,658],{"class":58},[40,73845,62],{"class":54},[40,73847,663],{"class":58},[40,73849,62],{"class":54},[40,73851,749],{"class":58},[40,73853,73],{"class":54},[40,73855,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,73857,55633],{"class":46},[40,73859,51],{"class":50},[40,73861,4045],{"class":46},[40,73863,289],{"class":54},[40,73865,73176],{"class":91},[40,73867,8413],{"class":54},[40,73869,73870],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,73871,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,73873,73874,73876,73878,73881],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,73875,101],{"class":84},[40,73877,88],{"class":54},[40,73879,73880],{"class":91},"new_list",[40,73882,95],{"class":54},[40,73884,73885,73887,73889,73891],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,73886,101],{"class":84},[40,73888,88],{"class":54},[40,73890,92],{"class":91},[40,73892,95],{"class":54},[20,73894,111],{},[31,73896,73898],{"className":33,"code":73897,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73899,73900,73904],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73901,73902],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73903,11577],{"class":1494},[40,73905,73906,73908,73910,73912,73914,73916,73918],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,73907,565],{"class":54},[40,73909,401],{"class":58},[40,73911,62],{"class":54},[40,73913,663],{"class":58},[40,73915,62],{"class":54},[40,73917,1226],{"class":58},[40,73919,73],{"class":54},[20,73921,11669],{},[134,73923,73924,73932,73936],{},[137,73925,73926,73928,73929,73931],{},[15,73927,73120],{}," changes ",[15,73930,92],{}," directly",[137,73933,181,73934,71438],{},[183,73935,185],{},[137,73937,53397,73938,41908,73940],{},[15,73939,73880],{},[15,73941,3565],{},[20,73943,61637],{},[31,73945,73947],{"className":33,"code":73946,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73948,73949,73969,73979,73983],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,73950,73951,73953,73955,73957,73959,73961,73963,73965,73967],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,73952,47],{"class":46},[40,73954,51],{"class":50},[40,73956,55],{"class":54},[40,73958,658],{"class":58},[40,73960,62],{"class":54},[40,73962,663],{"class":58},[40,73964,62],{"class":54},[40,73966,749],{"class":58},[40,73968,73],{"class":54},[40,73970,73971,73973,73975,73977],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,73972,92],{"class":46},[40,73974,289],{"class":54},[40,73976,73176],{"class":91},[40,73978,8413],{"class":54},[40,73980,73981],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,73982,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,73984,73985,73987,73989,73991],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,73986,101],{"class":84},[40,73988,88],{"class":54},[40,73990,92],{"class":91},[40,73992,95],{"class":54},[20,73994,111],{},[31,73996,73998],{"className":33,"code":73997,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73999,74000],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74001,74002,74004,74006,74008,74010,74012,74014],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74003,565],{"class":54},[40,74005,401],{"class":58},[40,74007,62],{"class":54},[40,74009,663],{"class":58},[40,74011,62],{"class":54},[40,74013,1226],{"class":58},[40,74015,73],{"class":54},[129,74017,74019,10355,74021,74024],{"id":74018},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74020,73120],{},[15,74022,74023],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74026,74027],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[792,74029,74030],{"id":73176},[15,74031,73120],{},[20,74033,74034,74036],{},[15,74035,73120],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[31,74038,74040],{"className":33,"code":74039,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74041,74042,74062,74072],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74043,74044,74046,74048,74050,74052,74054,74056,74058,74060],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74045,47],{"class":46},[40,74047,51],{"class":50},[40,74049,55],{"class":54},[40,74051,401],{"class":58},[40,74053,62],{"class":54},[40,74055,1226],{"class":58},[40,74057,62],{"class":54},[40,74059,663],{"class":58},[40,74061,73],{"class":54},[40,74063,74064,74066,74068,74070],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,74065,92],{"class":46},[40,74067,289],{"class":54},[40,74069,73176],{"class":91},[40,74071,8413],{"class":54},[40,74073,74074,74076,74078,74080],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,74075,101],{"class":84},[40,74077,88],{"class":54},[40,74079,92],{"class":91},[40,74081,95],{"class":54},[20,74083,111],{},[31,74085,74087],{"className":33,"code":74086,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74088,74089],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74090,74091,74093,74095,74097,74099,74101,74103],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74092,565],{"class":54},[40,74094,744],{"class":58},[40,74096,62],{"class":54},[40,74098,1226],{"class":58},[40,74100,62],{"class":54},[40,74102,749],{"class":58},[40,74104,73],{"class":54},[20,74106,74107,74108,74110],{},"Notice that this is ",[183,74109,185],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[792,74112,74114],{"id":74113},"sorted",[15,74115,74023],{},[20,74117,74118,74123],{},[282,74119,74121],{"href":74120},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74122,74023],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[31,74125,74127],{"className":33,"code":74126,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74128,74129,74149,74164,74168,74178],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74130,74131,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141,74143,74145,74147],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74132,47],{"class":46},[40,74134,51],{"class":50},[40,74136,55],{"class":54},[40,74138,401],{"class":58},[40,74140,62],{"class":54},[40,74142,1226],{"class":58},[40,74144,62],{"class":54},[40,74146,663],{"class":58},[40,74148,73],{"class":54},[40,74150,74151,74153,74155,74158,74160,74162],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,74152,2013],{"class":46},[40,74154,51],{"class":50},[40,74156,74157],{"class":84}," sorted",[40,74159,88],{"class":54},[40,74161,92],{"class":91},[40,74163,95],{"class":54},[40,74165,74166],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,74167,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,74169,74170,74172,74174,74176],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,74171,101],{"class":84},[40,74173,88],{"class":54},[40,74175,92],{"class":91},[40,74177,95],{"class":54},[40,74179,74180,74182,74184,74186],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,74181,101],{"class":84},[40,74183,88],{"class":54},[40,74185,2048],{"class":91},[40,74187,95],{"class":54},[20,74189,111],{},[31,74191,74193],{"className":33,"code":74192,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74194,74195,74211],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74196,74197,74199,74201,74203,74205,74207,74209],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74198,565],{"class":54},[40,74200,401],{"class":58},[40,74202,62],{"class":54},[40,74204,1226],{"class":58},[40,74206,62],{"class":54},[40,74208,663],{"class":58},[40,74210,73],{"class":54},[40,74212,74213,74215,74217,74219,74221,74223,74225],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,74214,565],{"class":54},[40,74216,658],{"class":58},[40,74218,62],{"class":54},[40,74220,663],{"class":58},[40,74222,62],{"class":54},[40,74224,749],{"class":58},[40,74226,73],{"class":54},[20,74228,74229,74230,289],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74231,74232],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[792,74234,74236],{"id":74235},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74238,74239,74240,74243],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74241,74242],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[31,74245,74247],{"className":33,"code":74246,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74248,74249,74269,74285,74289,74299],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74250,74251,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265,74267],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74252,47],{"class":46},[40,74254,51],{"class":50},[40,74256,55],{"class":54},[40,74258,401],{"class":58},[40,74260,62],{"class":54},[40,74262,1226],{"class":58},[40,74264,62],{"class":54},[40,74266,663],{"class":58},[40,74268,73],{"class":54},[40,74270,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281,74283],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,74272,2013],{"class":46},[40,74274,51],{"class":50},[40,74276,4045],{"class":46},[40,74278,73721],{"class":54},[40,74280,1806],{"class":50},[40,74282,658],{"class":58},[40,74284,73],{"class":54},[40,74286,74287],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,74288,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,74290,74291,74293,74295,74297],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,74292,101],{"class":84},[40,74294,88],{"class":54},[40,74296,92],{"class":91},[40,74298,95],{"class":54},[40,74300,74301,74303,74305,74307],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,74302,101],{"class":84},[40,74304,88],{"class":54},[40,74306,2048],{"class":91},[40,74308,95],{"class":54},[20,74310,111],{},[31,74312,74314],{"className":33,"code":74313,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74315,74316,74332],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74317,74318,74320,74322,74324,74326,74328,74330],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74319,565],{"class":54},[40,74321,401],{"class":58},[40,74323,62],{"class":54},[40,74325,1226],{"class":58},[40,74327,62],{"class":54},[40,74329,663],{"class":58},[40,74331,73],{"class":54},[40,74333,74334,74336,74338,74340,74342,74344,74346],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,74335,565],{"class":54},[40,74337,744],{"class":58},[40,74339,62],{"class":54},[40,74341,1226],{"class":58},[40,74343,62],{"class":54},[40,74345,749],{"class":58},[40,74347,73],{"class":54},[792,74349,74351],{"id":74350},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[134,74353,74354,74359,74364],{},[137,74355,123,74356,74358],{},[15,74357,73120],{}," when you want to change the original list",[137,74360,123,74361,74363],{},[15,74362,74242],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[137,74365,123,74366,74368],{},[15,74367,74023],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74370,74371,74372,74378],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[282,74373,74375,74376,10510],{"href":74374},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74377,64051],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[129,74380,1345,74382],{"id":74381},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74383,73120],{},[20,74385,74386,74388],{},[15,74387,73120],{}," is a good choice:",[134,74390,74391,74394,74397],{},[137,74392,74393],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[137,74395,74396],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[137,74398,74399],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74401,74402,74403,289],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[282,74404,74406],{"href":74405},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[129,74408,2613],{"id":2612},[20,74410,74411,74412,74414],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74413,73120],{}," for these reasons:",[134,74416,74417,74421,74426,74431],{},[137,74418,12364,74419,12367],{},[15,74420,73120],{},[137,74422,8223,74423,74425],{},[15,74424,73120],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[137,74427,795,74428,74430],{},[15,74429,73120],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[137,74432,36960,74433,8475,74435],{},[15,74434,73120],{},[15,74436,74437],{},"reversed()",[20,74439,74440],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[31,74442,74444],{"className":33,"code":74443,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74445,74446,74458],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74447,74448,74450,74452,74454,74456],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74449,34450],{"class":46},[40,74451,51],{"class":50},[40,74453,224],{"class":212},[40,74455,3632],{"class":216},[40,74457,3146],{"class":212},[40,74459,74460,74462,74464,74466],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,74461,34471],{"class":46},[40,74463,289],{"class":54},[40,74465,73176],{"class":91},[40,74467,8413],{"class":54},[20,74469,74470,74471,33362],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74472,73120],{},[20,74474,74475],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[31,74477,74479],{"className":33,"code":74478,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74480,74481,74501,74505,74515,74529,74533,74547,74557,74561],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74482,74483,74485,74487,74489,74491,74493,74495,74497,74499],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74484,8079],{"class":46},[40,74486,51],{"class":50},[40,74488,55],{"class":54},[40,74490,658],{"class":58},[40,74492,62],{"class":54},[40,74494,663],{"class":58},[40,74496,62],{"class":54},[40,74498,749],{"class":58},[40,74500,73],{"class":54},[40,74502,74503],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,74504,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,74506,74507,74509,74511,74513],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,74508,101],{"class":84},[40,74510,88],{"class":54},[40,74512,1272],{"class":91},[40,74514,95],{"class":54},[40,74516,74517,74519,74521,74523,74525,74527],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,74518,101],{"class":84},[40,74520,88],{"class":54},[40,74522,1297],{"class":609},[40,74524,88],{"class":54},[40,74526,1272],{"class":91},[40,74528,256],{"class":54},[40,74530,74531],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,74532,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,74534,74535,74537,74539,74541,74543,74545],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,74536,2013],{"class":46},[40,74538,51],{"class":50},[40,74540,8166],{"class":46},[40,74542,289],{"class":54},[40,74544,73176],{"class":91},[40,74546,8413],{"class":54},[40,74548,74549,74551,74553,74555],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,74550,101],{"class":84},[40,74552,88],{"class":54},[40,74554,2048],{"class":91},[40,74556,95],{"class":54},[40,74558,74559],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,74560,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,74562,74563,74565,74567,74569,74571,74573,74575],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,74564,101],{"class":84},[40,74566,88],{"class":54},[40,74568,1272],{"class":91},[40,74570,73721],{"class":54},[40,74572,1806],{"class":50},[40,74574,658],{"class":58},[40,74576,570],{"class":54},[20,74578,111],{},[31,74580,74582],{"className":33,"code":74581,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74583,74584,74600,74614,74618],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74585,74586,74588,74590,74592,74594,74596,74598],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74587,565],{"class":54},[40,74589,658],{"class":58},[40,74591,62],{"class":54},[40,74593,663],{"class":58},[40,74595,62],{"class":54},[40,74597,749],{"class":58},[40,74599,73],{"class":54},[40,74601,74602,74604,74606,74608,74610,74612],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,74603,3076],{"class":50},[40,74605,3079],{"class":1848},[40,74607,3082],{"class":212},[40,74609,610],{"class":216},[40,74611,3087],{"class":212},[40,74613,3090],{"class":50},[40,74615,74616],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,74617,11577],{"class":1494},[40,74619,74620,74622,74624,74626,74628,74630,74632],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,74621,565],{"class":54},[40,74623,658],{"class":58},[40,74625,62],{"class":54},[40,74627,663],{"class":58},[40,74629,62],{"class":54},[40,74631,1226],{"class":58},[40,74633,73],{"class":54},[20,74635,74636],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[31,74638,74640],{"className":33,"code":74639,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74641,74642,74662,74666,74676,74690,74694,74708,74718,74728],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74643,74644,74646,74648,74650,74652,74654,74656,74658,74660],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74645,8079],{"class":46},[40,74647,51],{"class":50},[40,74649,55],{"class":54},[40,74651,658],{"class":58},[40,74653,62],{"class":54},[40,74655,663],{"class":58},[40,74657,62],{"class":54},[40,74659,749],{"class":58},[40,74661,73],{"class":54},[40,74663,74664],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,74665,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,74667,74668,74670,74672,74674],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,74669,101],{"class":84},[40,74671,88],{"class":54},[40,74673,1272],{"class":91},[40,74675,95],{"class":54},[40,74677,74678,74680,74682,74684,74686,74688],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,74679,101],{"class":84},[40,74681,88],{"class":54},[40,74683,1297],{"class":609},[40,74685,88],{"class":54},[40,74687,1272],{"class":91},[40,74689,256],{"class":54},[40,74691,74692],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,74693,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,74695,74696,74698,74700,74702,74704,74706],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,74697,2013],{"class":46},[40,74699,51],{"class":50},[40,74701,8166],{"class":46},[40,74703,289],{"class":54},[40,74705,73176],{"class":91},[40,74707,8413],{"class":54},[40,74709,74710,74712,74714,74716],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,74711,101],{"class":84},[40,74713,88],{"class":54},[40,74715,2048],{"class":91},[40,74717,95],{"class":54},[40,74719,74720,74722,74724,74726],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,74721,101],{"class":84},[40,74723,88],{"class":54},[40,74725,1272],{"class":91},[40,74727,95],{"class":54},[40,74729,74730,74732,74734,74736,74738,74740,74742],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,74731,101],{"class":84},[40,74733,88],{"class":54},[40,74735,1272],{"class":91},[40,74737,73721],{"class":54},[40,74739,1806],{"class":50},[40,74741,658],{"class":58},[40,74743,570],{"class":54},[20,74745,111],{},[31,74747,74749],{"className":33,"code":74748,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74750,74751,74767,74781,74785,74801],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74752,74753,74755,74757,74759,74761,74763,74765],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74754,565],{"class":54},[40,74756,658],{"class":58},[40,74758,62],{"class":54},[40,74760,663],{"class":58},[40,74762,62],{"class":54},[40,74764,749],{"class":58},[40,74766,73],{"class":54},[40,74768,74769,74771,74773,74775,74777,74779],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,74770,3076],{"class":50},[40,74772,3079],{"class":1848},[40,74774,3082],{"class":212},[40,74776,610],{"class":216},[40,74778,3087],{"class":212},[40,74780,3090],{"class":50},[40,74782,74783],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,74784,11577],{"class":1494},[40,74786,74787,74789,74791,74793,74795,74797,74799],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,74788,565],{"class":54},[40,74790,401],{"class":58},[40,74792,62],{"class":54},[40,74794,663],{"class":58},[40,74796,62],{"class":54},[40,74798,1226],{"class":58},[40,74800,73],{"class":54},[40,74802,74803,74805,74807,74809,74811,74813,74815],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,74804,565],{"class":54},[40,74806,658],{"class":58},[40,74808,62],{"class":54},[40,74810,663],{"class":58},[40,74812,62],{"class":54},[40,74814,749],{"class":58},[40,74816,73],{"class":54},[20,74818,74819],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[134,74821,74822,74831,74840],{},[137,74823,27556,74824,74827,74828],{},[15,74825,74826],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74829,74830],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[137,74832,11685,74833,74836,74837,22321],{},[15,74834,74835],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[183,74838,74839],{},"current",[137,74841,74842,74843],{},"So it prints ",[15,74844,74845],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[129,74847,1636],{"id":1635},[792,74849,12474,74851,55212],{"id":74850},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74852,73125],{},[20,74854,62342,74855,289],{},[15,74856,3565],{},[792,74858,33967,74860,33970,74862,2275],{"id":74859},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74861,73120],{},[15,74863,74864],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74866,74867,74869],{},[15,74868,73120],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74871,74872,74874],{},[15,74873,74864],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[792,74876,1671,74878,74880],{"id":74877},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74879,73120],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74882,46118,74883,74885],{},[15,74884,73120],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[792,74887,74889],{"id":74888},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74891,74892],{},"Use slicing:",[31,74894,74896],{"className":33,"code":74895,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74897,74898],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74899,74900,74902,74904,74906,74908],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74901,1272],{"class":46},[40,74903,73721],{"class":54},[40,74905,1806],{"class":50},[40,74907,658],{"class":58},[40,74909,73],{"class":54},[20,74911,74912],{},"Or use:",[31,74914,74916],{"className":33,"code":74915,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74917,74918],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,74919,74920,74922,74924,74927,74929,74931],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,74921,610],{"class":609},[40,74923,88],{"class":54},[40,74925,74926],{"class":84},"reversed",[40,74928,88],{"class":54},[40,74930,1272],{"class":91},[40,74932,256],{"class":54},[20,74934,74935,74936,74940],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[282,74937,55263,74938],{"href":54703},[15,74939,12546],{}," can also help.",[129,74942,1687],{"id":1686},[134,74944,74945,74951,74957,74961,74965],{},[137,74946,74947],{},[282,74948,55263,74949,10510],{"href":74374},[15,74950,64051],{},[137,74952,74953],{},[282,74954,285,74955,288],{"href":74120},[15,74956,74023],{},[137,74958,74959],{},[282,74960,74406],{"href":74405},[137,74962,74963],{},[282,74964,73821],{"href":73138},[137,74966,74967],{},[282,74968,55263,74969,10510],{"href":54703},[15,74970,12546],{},[1715,74972,74973],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":74975},[74976,74977,74979,74980,74981,74983,74984,74991,74993,74994,75003],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":73199,"depth":76,"text":74978},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":73558,"depth":76,"text":74982},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73824,"depth":76,"text":73825},{"id":74018,"depth":76,"text":74985,"children":74986},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[74987,74988,74989,74990],{"id":73176,"depth":98,"text":73120},{"id":74113,"depth":98,"text":74023},{"id":74235,"depth":98,"text":74236},{"id":74350,"depth":98,"text":74351},{"id":74381,"depth":76,"text":74992},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":74995},[74996,74998,75000,75002],{"id":74850,"depth":98,"text":74997},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74859,"depth":98,"text":74999},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74877,"depth":98,"text":75001},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74888,"depth":98,"text":74889},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73112,"description":75004},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75011,"title":75012,"body":75013,"description":77446,"extension":1746,"meta":77447,"navigation":360,"path":77448,"seo":77449,"stem":77450,"__hash__":77451},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75014,"toc":77414},[75015,75018,75030,75033,75056,75064,75066,75178,75187,75191,75194,75197,75284,75286,75319,75321,75344,75350,75354,75357,75379,75381,75398,75401,75421,75423,75533,75535,75612,75616,75619,75662,75664,75797,75799,75901,75906,75910,75913,75915,75929,75932,76046,76048,76122,76124,76152,76156,76161,76191,76194,76320,76322,76404,76410,76414,76416,76455,76464,76468,76471,76475,76522,76524,76532,76536,76587,76589,76602,76604,76618,76621,76629,76631,76678,76680,76688,76691,76734,76739,76742,76745,76768,76772,76823,76826,76847,76857,76861,76863,76893,76896,76919,76923,76926,76993,76995,77032,77035,77043,77110,77112,77149,77155,77162,77166,77169,77199,77204,77208,77211,77235,77238,77332,77342,77344,77348,77351,77355,77358,77363,77366,77372,77375,77377,77405,77411],[10,75016,75012],{"id":75017},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75019,75020,75021,1973,75023,16837,75026,75029],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75022,35831],{},[15,75024,75025],{},"stop",[15,75027,75028],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75031,75032],{},"The basic slice form is:",[31,75034,75036],{"className":33,"code":75035,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75037,75038],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75039,75040,75042,75044,75046,75048,75050,75052,75054],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75041,1272],{"class":46},[40,75043,565],{"class":54},[40,75045,35831],{"class":46},[40,75047,2669],{"class":54},[40,75049,75025],{"class":46},[40,75051,2669],{"class":54},[40,75053,75028],{"class":46},[40,75055,73],{"class":54},[20,75057,75058,75059,75061,75062,289],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75060,75025],{}," position is ",[183,75063,64809],{},[129,75065,1787],{"id":1786},[31,75067,75069],{"className":33,"code":75068,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75070,75071,75099,75103,75124,75142,75159],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75072,75073,75075,75077,75079,75081,75083,75085,75087,75089,75091,75093,75095,75097],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75074,47],{"class":46},[40,75076,51],{"class":50},[40,75078,55],{"class":54},[40,75080,59],{"class":58},[40,75082,62],{"class":54},[40,75084,65],{"class":58},[40,75086,62],{"class":54},[40,75088,70],{"class":58},[40,75090,62],{"class":54},[40,75092,50596],{"class":58},[40,75094,62],{"class":54},[40,75096,4859],{"class":58},[40,75098,73],{"class":54},[40,75100,75101],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,75102,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,75104,75105,75107,75109,75111,75113,75115,75117,75119,75121],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,75106,101],{"class":84},[40,75108,88],{"class":54},[40,75110,92],{"class":91},[40,75112,565],{"class":54},[40,75114,658],{"class":58},[40,75116,2669],{"class":54},[40,75118,2288],{"class":58},[40,75120,20207],{"class":54},[40,75122,75123],{"class":3449},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[40,75125,75126,75128,75130,75132,75135,75137,75139],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,75127,101],{"class":84},[40,75129,88],{"class":54},[40,75131,92],{"class":91},[40,75133,75134],{"class":54},"[:",[40,75136,401],{"class":58},[40,75138,20207],{"class":54},[40,75140,75141],{"class":3449},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[40,75143,75144,75146,75148,75150,75152,75154,75156],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,75145,101],{"class":84},[40,75147,88],{"class":54},[40,75149,92],{"class":91},[40,75151,73721],{"class":54},[40,75153,744],{"class":58},[40,75155,20207],{"class":54},[40,75157,75158],{"class":3449},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[40,75160,75161,75163,75165,75167,75169,75171,75173,75175],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,75162,101],{"class":84},[40,75164,88],{"class":54},[40,75166,92],{"class":91},[40,75168,73721],{"class":54},[40,75170,1806],{"class":50},[40,75172,658],{"class":58},[40,75174,20207],{"class":54},[40,75176,75177],{"class":3449},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75179,123,75180,75183,75184,75186],{},[15,75181,75182],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75185,75025],{}," value is not included.",[129,75188,75190],{"id":75189},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75192,75193],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75195,75196],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[31,75198,75200],{"className":33,"code":75199,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75201,75202,75250,75254,75273],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75203,75204,75206,75208,75210,75212,75214,75216,75218,75220,75222,75224,75226,75228,75230,75232,75234,75236,75238,75240,75242,75244,75246,75248],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75205,1000],{"class":46},[40,75207,51],{"class":50},[40,75209,55],{"class":54},[40,75211,213],{"class":212},[40,75213,282],{"class":216},[40,75215,213],{"class":212},[40,75217,62],{"class":54},[40,75219,224],{"class":212},[40,75221,1017],{"class":216},[40,75223,213],{"class":212},[40,75225,62],{"class":54},[40,75227,224],{"class":212},[40,75229,1026],{"class":216},[40,75231,213],{"class":212},[40,75233,62],{"class":54},[40,75235,224],{"class":212},[40,75237,18530],{"class":216},[40,75239,213],{"class":212},[40,75241,62],{"class":54},[40,75243,224],{"class":212},[40,75245,60187],{"class":216},[40,75247,213],{"class":212},[40,75249,73],{"class":54},[40,75251,75252],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,75253,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,75255,75256,75259,75261,75263,75265,75267,75269,75271],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,75257,75258],{"class":46},"part ",[40,75260,51],{"class":50},[40,75262,69695],{"class":46},[40,75264,565],{"class":54},[40,75266,658],{"class":58},[40,75268,2669],{"class":54},[40,75270,2288],{"class":58},[40,75272,73],{"class":54},[40,75274,75275,75277,75279,75282],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,75276,101],{"class":84},[40,75278,88],{"class":54},[40,75280,75281],{"class":91},"part",[40,75283,95],{"class":54},[20,75285,111],{},[31,75287,75289],{"className":33,"code":75288,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75290,75291],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75292,75293,75295,75297,75299,75301,75303,75305,75307,75309,75311,75313,75315,75317],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75294,565],{"class":54},[40,75296,3087],{"class":212},[40,75298,1017],{"class":216},[40,75300,3087],{"class":212},[40,75302,62],{"class":54},[40,75304,3082],{"class":212},[40,75306,1026],{"class":216},[40,75308,3087],{"class":212},[40,75310,62],{"class":54},[40,75312,3082],{"class":212},[40,75314,18530],{"class":216},[40,75316,3087],{"class":212},[40,75318,73],{"class":54},[20,75320,12821],{},[134,75322,75323,75326,75329,75335,75341],{},[137,75324,75325],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[137,75327,75328],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[137,75330,75331,75332],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75333,75334],{},"list[start:stop]",[137,75336,75337,75338,75340],{},"The item at ",[15,75339,75025],{}," is not included",[137,75342,75343],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75345,75346,75347,289],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[282,75348,75349],{"href":622},"beginner guide to Python lists",[129,75351,75353],{"id":75352},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75355,75356],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[31,75358,75359],{"className":33,"code":75035,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,75360,75361],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75362,75363,75365,75367,75369,75371,75373,75375,75377],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75364,1272],{"class":46},[40,75366,565],{"class":54},[40,75368,35831],{"class":46},[40,75370,2669],{"class":54},[40,75372,75025],{"class":46},[40,75374,2669],{"class":54},[40,75376,75028],{"class":46},[40,75378,73],{"class":54},[20,75380,64785],{},[134,75382,75383,75388,75393],{},[137,75384,75385,75387],{},[15,75386,35831],{}," is where slicing begins",[137,75389,75390,75392],{},[15,75391,75025],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[137,75394,75395,75397],{},[15,75396,75028],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75399,75400],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[134,75402,75403,75409,75414],{},[137,75404,75405,75406,75408],{},"Missing ",[15,75407,35831],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[137,75410,75405,75411,75413],{},[15,75412,75025],{}," means go to the end of the list",[137,75415,75405,75416,75418,75419],{},[15,75417,75028],{}," means use ",[15,75420,658],{},[20,75422,195],{},[31,75424,75426],{"className":33,"code":75425,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75427,75428,75456,75460,75481,75498,75516],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75429,75430,75432,75434,75436,75438,75440,75442,75444,75446,75448,75450,75452,75454],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75431,47],{"class":46},[40,75433,51],{"class":50},[40,75435,55],{"class":54},[40,75437,59],{"class":58},[40,75439,62],{"class":54},[40,75441,65],{"class":58},[40,75443,62],{"class":54},[40,75445,70],{"class":58},[40,75447,62],{"class":54},[40,75449,50596],{"class":58},[40,75451,62],{"class":54},[40,75453,4859],{"class":58},[40,75455,73],{"class":54},[40,75457,75458],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,75459,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,75461,75462,75464,75466,75468,75470,75472,75474,75476,75478],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,75463,101],{"class":84},[40,75465,88],{"class":54},[40,75467,92],{"class":91},[40,75469,565],{"class":54},[40,75471,658],{"class":58},[40,75473,2669],{"class":54},[40,75475,2288],{"class":58},[40,75477,20207],{"class":54},[40,75479,75480],{"class":3449},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[40,75482,75483,75485,75487,75489,75491,75493,75495],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,75484,101],{"class":84},[40,75486,88],{"class":54},[40,75488,92],{"class":91},[40,75490,75134],{"class":54},[40,75492,401],{"class":58},[40,75494,20207],{"class":54},[40,75496,75497],{"class":3449},"    # start from the beginning\n",[40,75499,75500,75502,75504,75506,75508,75510,75513],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,75501,101],{"class":84},[40,75503,88],{"class":54},[40,75505,92],{"class":91},[40,75507,565],{"class":54},[40,75509,744],{"class":58},[40,75511,75512],{"class":54},":])",[40,75514,75515],{"class":3449},"    # go to the end\n",[40,75517,75518,75520,75522,75524,75526,75528,75530],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,75519,101],{"class":84},[40,75521,88],{"class":54},[40,75523,92],{"class":91},[40,75525,73721],{"class":54},[40,75527,658],{"class":58},[40,75529,20207],{"class":54},[40,75531,75532],{"class":3449},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75534,111],{},[31,75536,75538],{"className":33,"code":75537,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75539,75540,75556,75572,75588],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75541,75542,75544,75546,75548,75550,75552,75554],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75543,565],{"class":54},[40,75545,15521],{"class":58},[40,75547,62],{"class":54},[40,75549,70],{"class":58},[40,75551,62],{"class":54},[40,75553,50596],{"class":58},[40,75555,73],{"class":54},[40,75557,75558,75560,75562,75564,75566,75568,75570],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,75559,565],{"class":54},[40,75561,59],{"class":58},[40,75563,62],{"class":54},[40,75565,65],{"class":58},[40,75567,62],{"class":54},[40,75569,70],{"class":58},[40,75571,73],{"class":54},[40,75573,75574,75576,75578,75580,75582,75584,75586],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,75575,565],{"class":54},[40,75577,36598],{"class":58},[40,75579,62],{"class":54},[40,75581,50596],{"class":58},[40,75583,62],{"class":54},[40,75585,4859],{"class":58},[40,75587,73],{"class":54},[40,75589,75590,75592,75594,75596,75598,75600,75602,75604,75606,75608,75610],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,75591,565],{"class":54},[40,75593,59],{"class":58},[40,75595,62],{"class":54},[40,75597,65],{"class":58},[40,75599,62],{"class":54},[40,75601,70],{"class":58},[40,75603,62],{"class":54},[40,75605,50596],{"class":58},[40,75607,62],{"class":54},[40,75609,4859],{"class":58},[40,75611,73],{"class":54},[129,75613,75615],{"id":75614},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75617,75618],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[134,75620,75621,75630,75639,75650,75656],{},[137,75622,75623,75626,75627,5742],{},[15,75624,75625],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75628,75629],{},"n",[137,75631,75632,75635,75636,75638],{},[15,75633,75634],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75637,75629],{}," to the end",[137,75640,75641,75644,75645,75647,75648],{},[15,75642,75643],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75646,282],{}," up to ",[15,75649,1017],{},[137,75651,75652,75655],{},[15,75653,75654],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[137,75657,75658,75661],{},[15,75659,75660],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75663,195],{},[31,75665,75667],{"className":33,"code":75666,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75668,75669,75702,75706,75723,75740,75761,75778],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75670,75671,75673,75675,75677,75679,75681,75683,75685,75687,75689,75691,75693,75695,75697,75700],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75672,47],{"class":46},[40,75674,51],{"class":50},[40,75676,55],{"class":54},[40,75678,59],{"class":58},[40,75680,62],{"class":54},[40,75682,65],{"class":58},[40,75684,62],{"class":54},[40,75686,70],{"class":58},[40,75688,62],{"class":54},[40,75690,50596],{"class":58},[40,75692,62],{"class":54},[40,75694,4859],{"class":58},[40,75696,62],{"class":54},[40,75698,75699],{"class":58}," 60",[40,75701,73],{"class":54},[40,75703,75704],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,75705,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,75707,75708,75710,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,75709,101],{"class":84},[40,75711,88],{"class":54},[40,75713,92],{"class":91},[40,75715,75134],{"class":54},[40,75717,401],{"class":58},[40,75719,20207],{"class":54},[40,75721,75722],{"class":3449},"    # first 3 items\n",[40,75724,75725,75727,75729,75731,75733,75735,75737],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,75726,101],{"class":84},[40,75728,88],{"class":54},[40,75730,92],{"class":91},[40,75732,565],{"class":54},[40,75734,401],{"class":58},[40,75736,75512],{"class":54},[40,75738,75739],{"class":3449},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[40,75741,75742,75744,75746,75748,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,75743,101],{"class":84},[40,75745,88],{"class":54},[40,75747,92],{"class":91},[40,75749,565],{"class":54},[40,75751,658],{"class":58},[40,75753,2669],{"class":54},[40,75755,682],{"class":58},[40,75757,20207],{"class":54},[40,75759,75760],{"class":3449},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[40,75762,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771,75773,75775],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,75764,101],{"class":84},[40,75766,88],{"class":54},[40,75768,92],{"class":91},[40,75770,73721],{"class":54},[40,75772,744],{"class":58},[40,75774,20207],{"class":54},[40,75776,75777],{"class":3449},"   # every second item\n",[40,75779,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790,75792,75794],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,75781,101],{"class":84},[40,75783,88],{"class":54},[40,75785,92],{"class":91},[40,75787,73721],{"class":54},[40,75789,1806],{"class":50},[40,75791,658],{"class":58},[40,75793,20207],{"class":54},[40,75795,75796],{"class":3449},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75798,111],{},[31,75800,75802],{"className":33,"code":75801,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75803,75804,75820,75836,75856,75872],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75805,75806,75808,75810,75812,75814,75816,75818],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75807,565],{"class":54},[40,75809,59],{"class":58},[40,75811,62],{"class":54},[40,75813,65],{"class":58},[40,75815,62],{"class":54},[40,75817,70],{"class":58},[40,75819,73],{"class":54},[40,75821,75822,75824,75826,75828,75830,75832,75834],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,75823,565],{"class":54},[40,75825,56435],{"class":58},[40,75827,62],{"class":54},[40,75829,4859],{"class":58},[40,75831,62],{"class":54},[40,75833,75699],{"class":58},[40,75835,73],{"class":54},[40,75837,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852,75854],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,75839,565],{"class":54},[40,75841,15521],{"class":58},[40,75843,62],{"class":54},[40,75845,70],{"class":58},[40,75847,62],{"class":54},[40,75849,50596],{"class":58},[40,75851,62],{"class":54},[40,75853,4859],{"class":58},[40,75855,73],{"class":54},[40,75857,75858,75860,75862,75864,75866,75868,75870],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,75859,565],{"class":54},[40,75861,59],{"class":58},[40,75863,62],{"class":54},[40,75865,70],{"class":58},[40,75867,62],{"class":54},[40,75869,4859],{"class":58},[40,75871,73],{"class":54},[40,75873,75874,75876,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889,75891,75893,75895,75897,75899],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,75875,565],{"class":54},[40,75877,75878],{"class":58},"60",[40,75880,62],{"class":54},[40,75882,4859],{"class":58},[40,75884,62],{"class":54},[40,75886,50596],{"class":58},[40,75888,62],{"class":54},[40,75890,70],{"class":58},[40,75892,62],{"class":54},[40,75894,65],{"class":58},[40,75896,62],{"class":54},[40,75898,5781],{"class":58},[40,75900,73],{"class":54},[20,75902,75903,75904,289],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[282,75905,14656],{"href":56962},[129,75907,75909],{"id":75908},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75911,75912],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75914,5251],{},[134,75916,75917,75923],{},[137,75918,75919,75922],{},[15,75920,75921],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[137,75924,75925,75928],{},[15,75926,75927],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75930,75931],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[31,75933,75935],{"className":33,"code":75934,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75936,75937,75985,75989,76008,76027],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,75938,75939,75941,75943,75945,75947,75949,75951,75953,75955,75957,75959,75961,75963,75965,75967,75969,75971,75973,75975,75977,75979,75981,75983],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,75940,1000],{"class":46},[40,75942,51],{"class":50},[40,75944,55],{"class":54},[40,75946,213],{"class":212},[40,75948,282],{"class":216},[40,75950,213],{"class":212},[40,75952,62],{"class":54},[40,75954,224],{"class":212},[40,75956,1017],{"class":216},[40,75958,213],{"class":212},[40,75960,62],{"class":54},[40,75962,224],{"class":212},[40,75964,1026],{"class":216},[40,75966,213],{"class":212},[40,75968,62],{"class":54},[40,75970,224],{"class":212},[40,75972,18530],{"class":216},[40,75974,213],{"class":212},[40,75976,62],{"class":54},[40,75978,224],{"class":212},[40,75980,60187],{"class":216},[40,75982,213],{"class":212},[40,75984,73],{"class":54},[40,75986,75987],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,75988,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,75990,75991,75993,75995,75997,75999,76001,76003,76005],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,75992,101],{"class":84},[40,75994,88],{"class":54},[40,75996,1043],{"class":91},[40,75998,565],{"class":54},[40,76000,1806],{"class":50},[40,76002,658],{"class":58},[40,76004,20207],{"class":54},[40,76006,76007],{"class":3449},"    # last item\n",[40,76009,76010,76012,76014,76016,76018,76020,76022,76024],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,76011,101],{"class":84},[40,76013,88],{"class":54},[40,76015,1043],{"class":91},[40,76017,565],{"class":54},[40,76019,1806],{"class":50},[40,76021,401],{"class":58},[40,76023,75512],{"class":54},[40,76025,76026],{"class":3449},"   # last 3 items\n",[40,76028,76029,76031,76033,76035,76037,76039,76041,76043],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,76030,101],{"class":84},[40,76032,88],{"class":54},[40,76034,1043],{"class":91},[40,76036,75134],{"class":54},[40,76038,1806],{"class":50},[40,76040,658],{"class":58},[40,76042,20207],{"class":54},[40,76044,76045],{"class":3449},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76047,111],{},[31,76049,76051],{"className":33,"code":76050,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76052,76053,76058,76086],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76054,76055],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76056,76057],{"class":46},"e\n",[40,76059,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072,76074,76076,76078,76080,76082,76084],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,76061,565],{"class":54},[40,76063,3087],{"class":212},[40,76065,1026],{"class":216},[40,76067,3087],{"class":212},[40,76069,62],{"class":54},[40,76071,3082],{"class":212},[40,76073,18530],{"class":216},[40,76075,3087],{"class":212},[40,76077,62],{"class":54},[40,76079,3082],{"class":212},[40,76081,60187],{"class":216},[40,76083,3087],{"class":212},[40,76085,73],{"class":54},[40,76087,76088,76090,76092,76094,76096,76098,76100,76102,76104,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114,76116,76118,76120],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,76089,565],{"class":54},[40,76091,3087],{"class":212},[40,76093,282],{"class":216},[40,76095,3087],{"class":212},[40,76097,62],{"class":54},[40,76099,3082],{"class":212},[40,76101,1017],{"class":216},[40,76103,3087],{"class":212},[40,76105,62],{"class":54},[40,76107,3082],{"class":212},[40,76109,1026],{"class":216},[40,76111,3087],{"class":212},[40,76113,62],{"class":54},[40,76115,3082],{"class":212},[40,76117,18530],{"class":216},[40,76119,3087],{"class":212},[40,76121,73],{"class":54},[20,76123,12821],{},[134,76125,76126,76129,76133,76139,76145],{},[137,76127,76128],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[137,76130,76131,75922],{},[15,76132,75921],{},[137,76134,76135,76138],{},[15,76136,76137],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[137,76140,76141,76144],{},[15,76142,76143],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[137,76146,76147,76148,4176,76150],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76149,35831],{},[15,76151,75025],{},[129,76153,76155],{"id":76154},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76157,606,76158,76160],{},[15,76159,75028],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[134,76162,76163,76166,76169,76174,76184],{},[137,76164,76165],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[137,76167,76168],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[137,76170,76171,76173],{},[15,76172,75660],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[137,76175,8646,76176,76178,76179,76181,76182],{},[15,76177,75028],{}," is negative, ",[15,76180,35831],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76183,75025],{},[137,76185,76186,76188,76189],{},[15,76187,75028],{}," cannot be ",[15,76190,192],{},[20,76192,76193],{},"Example with different step values:",[31,76195,76197],{"className":33,"code":76196,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76198,76199,76231,76235,76252,76274,76293],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76200,76201,76203,76205,76207,76209,76211,76213,76215,76217,76219,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76202,47],{"class":46},[40,76204,51],{"class":50},[40,76206,55],{"class":54},[40,76208,59],{"class":58},[40,76210,62],{"class":54},[40,76212,65],{"class":58},[40,76214,62],{"class":54},[40,76216,70],{"class":58},[40,76218,62],{"class":54},[40,76220,50596],{"class":58},[40,76222,62],{"class":54},[40,76224,4859],{"class":58},[40,76226,62],{"class":54},[40,76228,75699],{"class":58},[40,76230,73],{"class":54},[40,76232,76233],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,76234,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,76236,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,76238,101],{"class":84},[40,76240,88],{"class":54},[40,76242,92],{"class":91},[40,76244,73721],{"class":54},[40,76246,744],{"class":58},[40,76248,20207],{"class":54},[40,76250,76251],{"class":3449},"     # every second item\n",[40,76253,76254,76256,76258,76260,76262,76264,76267,76269,76271],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,76255,101],{"class":84},[40,76257,88],{"class":54},[40,76259,92],{"class":91},[40,76261,565],{"class":54},[40,76263,658],{"class":58},[40,76265,76266],{"class":54},"::",[40,76268,744],{"class":58},[40,76270,20207],{"class":54},[40,76272,76273],{"class":3449},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[40,76275,76276,76278,76280,76282,76284,76286,76288,76290],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,76277,101],{"class":84},[40,76279,88],{"class":54},[40,76281,92],{"class":91},[40,76283,73721],{"class":54},[40,76285,1806],{"class":50},[40,76287,658],{"class":58},[40,76289,20207],{"class":54},[40,76291,76292],{"class":3449},"    # reverse the list\n",[40,76294,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,76296,101],{"class":84},[40,76298,88],{"class":54},[40,76300,92],{"class":91},[40,76302,565],{"class":54},[40,76304,2288],{"class":58},[40,76306,2669],{"class":54},[40,76308,658],{"class":58},[40,76310,2669],{"class":54},[40,76312,1806],{"class":50},[40,76314,658],{"class":58},[40,76316,20207],{"class":54},[40,76318,76319],{"class":3449},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76321,111],{},[31,76323,76325],{"className":33,"code":76324,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76326,76327,76343,76359,76387],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76328,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76330,565],{"class":54},[40,76332,59],{"class":58},[40,76334,62],{"class":54},[40,76336,70],{"class":58},[40,76338,62],{"class":54},[40,76340,4859],{"class":58},[40,76342,73],{"class":54},[40,76344,76345,76347,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,76346,565],{"class":54},[40,76348,15521],{"class":58},[40,76350,62],{"class":54},[40,76352,50596],{"class":58},[40,76354,62],{"class":54},[40,76356,75699],{"class":58},[40,76358,73],{"class":54},[40,76360,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373,76375,76377,76379,76381,76383,76385],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,76362,565],{"class":54},[40,76364,75878],{"class":58},[40,76366,62],{"class":54},[40,76368,4859],{"class":58},[40,76370,62],{"class":54},[40,76372,50596],{"class":58},[40,76374,62],{"class":54},[40,76376,70],{"class":58},[40,76378,62],{"class":54},[40,76380,65],{"class":58},[40,76382,62],{"class":54},[40,76384,5781],{"class":58},[40,76386,73],{"class":54},[40,76388,76389,76391,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,76390,565],{"class":54},[40,76392,76393],{"class":58},"50",[40,76395,62],{"class":54},[40,76397,50596],{"class":58},[40,76399,62],{"class":54},[40,76401,70],{"class":58},[40,76403,73],{"class":54},[20,76405,76406,76407,289],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[282,76408,76409],{"href":74405},"how to reverse a list in Python",[792,76411,76413],{"id":76412},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76415,2620],{},[31,76417,76419],{"className":33,"code":76418,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76420,76421,76441],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76422,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76424,47],{"class":46},[40,76426,51],{"class":50},[40,76428,55],{"class":54},[40,76430,658],{"class":58},[40,76432,62],{"class":54},[40,76434,663],{"class":58},[40,76436,62],{"class":54},[40,76438,749],{"class":58},[40,76440,73],{"class":54},[40,76442,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,76444,101],{"class":84},[40,76446,88],{"class":54},[40,76448,92],{"class":91},[40,76450,73721],{"class":54},[40,76452,192],{"class":58},[40,76454,570],{"class":54},[20,76456,76457,76458,76460,76461,76463],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76459,40459],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76462,192],{}," does not make sense.",[129,76465,76467],{"id":76466},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76469,76470],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[792,76472,76474],{"id":76473},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[31,76476,76478],{"className":33,"code":76477,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76479,76480,76504,76508],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76481,76482,76484,76486,76488,76490,76492,76494,76496,76498,76500,76502],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76483,47],{"class":46},[40,76485,51],{"class":50},[40,76487,55],{"class":54},[40,76489,59],{"class":58},[40,76491,62],{"class":54},[40,76493,65],{"class":58},[40,76495,62],{"class":54},[40,76497,70],{"class":58},[40,76499,62],{"class":54},[40,76501,50596],{"class":58},[40,76503,73],{"class":54},[40,76505,76506],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,76507,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,76509,76510,76512,76514,76516,76518,76520],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,76511,101],{"class":84},[40,76513,88],{"class":54},[40,76515,92],{"class":91},[40,76517,565],{"class":54},[40,76519,744],{"class":58},[40,76521,570],{"class":54},[20,76523,111],{},[31,76525,76526],{"className":33,"code":69439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,76527,76528],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76529,76530],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76531,69439],{"class":58},[792,76533,76535],{"id":76534},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[31,76537,76539],{"className":33,"code":76538,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76540,76541,76565,76569],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76542,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551,76553,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76544,47],{"class":46},[40,76546,51],{"class":50},[40,76548,55],{"class":54},[40,76550,59],{"class":58},[40,76552,62],{"class":54},[40,76554,65],{"class":58},[40,76556,62],{"class":54},[40,76558,70],{"class":58},[40,76560,62],{"class":54},[40,76562,50596],{"class":58},[40,76564,73],{"class":54},[40,76566,76567],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,76568,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,76570,76571,76573,76575,76577,76579,76581,76583,76585],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,76572,101],{"class":84},[40,76574,88],{"class":54},[40,76576,92],{"class":91},[40,76578,565],{"class":54},[40,76580,744],{"class":58},[40,76582,2669],{"class":54},[40,76584,401],{"class":58},[40,76586,570],{"class":54},[20,76588,111],{},[31,76590,76592],{"className":33,"code":76591,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[30]\n",[15,76593,76594],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76595,76596,76598,76600],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76597,565],{"class":54},[40,76599,36598],{"class":58},[40,76601,73],{"class":54},[20,76603,13530],{},[134,76605,76606,76612],{},[137,76607,76608,76611],{},[15,76609,76610],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[137,76613,76614,76617],{},[15,76615,76616],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76619,76620],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[134,76622,76623,76626],{},[137,76624,76625],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[137,76627,76628],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76630,195],{},[31,76632,76634],{"className":33,"code":76633,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76635,76636,76656,76660],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76637,76638,76640,76642,76644,76646,76648,76650,76652,76654],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76639,47],{"class":46},[40,76641,51],{"class":50},[40,76643,55],{"class":54},[40,76645,59],{"class":58},[40,76647,62],{"class":54},[40,76649,65],{"class":58},[40,76651,62],{"class":54},[40,76653,70],{"class":58},[40,76655,73],{"class":54},[40,76657,76658],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,76659,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,76661,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670,76672,76674,76676],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,76663,101],{"class":84},[40,76665,88],{"class":54},[40,76667,92],{"class":91},[40,76669,565],{"class":54},[40,76671,682],{"class":58},[40,76673,2669],{"class":54},[40,76675,59],{"class":58},[40,76677,570],{"class":54},[20,76679,111],{},[31,76681,76682],{"className":33,"code":38053,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,76683,76684],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76685,76686],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76687,38053],{"class":54},[20,76689,76690],{},"But this would raise an error:",[31,76692,76694],{"className":33,"code":76693,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76695,76696,76716,76720],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76697,76698,76700,76702,76704,76706,76708,76710,76712,76714],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76699,47],{"class":46},[40,76701,51],{"class":50},[40,76703,55],{"class":54},[40,76705,59],{"class":58},[40,76707,62],{"class":54},[40,76709,65],{"class":58},[40,76711,62],{"class":54},[40,76713,70],{"class":58},[40,76715,73],{"class":54},[40,76717,76718],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,76719,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,76721,76722,76724,76726,76728,76730,76732],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,76723,101],{"class":84},[40,76725,88],{"class":54},[40,76727,92],{"class":91},[40,76729,565],{"class":54},[40,76731,682],{"class":58},[40,76733,570],{"class":54},[20,76735,76736,76737,289],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[282,76738,1246],{"href":1245},[129,76740,14943],{"id":76741},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76743,76744],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[134,76746,76747,76751,76753,76756,76762],{},[137,76748,4486,76749,75340],{},[15,76750,75025],{},[137,76752,60432],{},[137,76754,76755],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[137,76757,36960,76758,8475,76760],{},[15,76759,75660],{},[15,76761,73125],{},[137,76763,76764,76765,76767],{},"Using step ",[15,76766,192],{},", which causes an error",[792,76769,76771],{"id":76770},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[31,76773,76775],{"className":33,"code":76774,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76776,76777,76805],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76778,76779,76781,76783,76785,76787,76789,76791,76793,76795,76797,76799,76801,76803],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76780,47],{"class":46},[40,76782,51],{"class":50},[40,76784,55],{"class":54},[40,76786,59],{"class":58},[40,76788,62],{"class":54},[40,76790,65],{"class":58},[40,76792,62],{"class":54},[40,76794,70],{"class":58},[40,76796,62],{"class":54},[40,76798,50596],{"class":58},[40,76800,62],{"class":54},[40,76802,4859],{"class":58},[40,76804,73],{"class":54},[40,76806,76807,76809,76811,76813,76815,76817,76819,76821],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,76808,101],{"class":84},[40,76810,88],{"class":54},[40,76812,92],{"class":91},[40,76814,565],{"class":54},[40,76816,658],{"class":58},[40,76818,2669],{"class":54},[40,76820,2288],{"class":58},[40,76822,570],{"class":54},[20,76824,76825],{},"This returns:",[31,76827,76829],{"className":33,"code":76828,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76830,76831],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76832,76833,76835,76837,76839,76841,76843,76845],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76834,565],{"class":54},[40,76836,15521],{"class":58},[40,76838,62],{"class":54},[40,76840,70],{"class":58},[40,76842,62],{"class":54},[40,76844,50596],{"class":58},[40,76846,73],{"class":54},[20,76848,181,76849,76851,76852,76854,76855,289],{},[183,76850,185],{}," include ",[15,76853,76393],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76856,2288],{},[792,76858,76860],{"id":76859},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76862,807],{},[31,76864,76866],{"className":33,"code":76865,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76867,76868,76888],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76869,76870,76872,76874,76876,76878,76880,76882,76884,76886],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76871,47],{"class":46},[40,76873,51],{"class":50},[40,76875,55],{"class":54},[40,76877,59],{"class":58},[40,76879,62],{"class":54},[40,76881,65],{"class":58},[40,76883,62],{"class":54},[40,76885,70],{"class":58},[40,76887,73],{"class":54},[40,76889,76890],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,76891,76892],{"class":3449},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76894,76895],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[31,76897,76899],{"className":33,"code":76898,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76900,76901],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76902,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913,76915,76917],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76904,101],{"class":84},[40,76906,88],{"class":54},[40,76908,92],{"class":91},[40,76910,565],{"class":54},[40,76912,658],{"class":58},[40,76914,2669],{"class":54},[40,76916,401],{"class":58},[40,76918,570],{"class":54},[792,76920,76922],{"id":76921},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76924,76925],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[31,76927,76929],{"className":33,"code":76928,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76930,76931,76955,76969,76973,76983],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,76932,76933,76935,76937,76939,76941,76943,76945,76947,76949,76951,76953],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,76934,47],{"class":46},[40,76936,51],{"class":50},[40,76938,55],{"class":54},[40,76940,59],{"class":58},[40,76942,62],{"class":54},[40,76944,65],{"class":58},[40,76946,62],{"class":54},[40,76948,70],{"class":58},[40,76950,62],{"class":54},[40,76952,50596],{"class":58},[40,76954,73],{"class":54},[40,76956,76957,76959,76961,76963,76965,76967],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,76958,75258],{"class":46},[40,76960,51],{"class":50},[40,76962,4045],{"class":46},[40,76964,75134],{"class":54},[40,76966,744],{"class":58},[40,76968,73],{"class":54},[40,76970,76971],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,76972,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,76974,76975,76977,76979,76981],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,76976,101],{"class":84},[40,76978,88],{"class":54},[40,76980,75281],{"class":91},[40,76982,95],{"class":54},[40,76984,76985,76987,76989,76991],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,76986,101],{"class":84},[40,76988,88],{"class":54},[40,76990,92],{"class":91},[40,76992,95],{"class":54},[20,76994,111],{},[31,76996,76998],{"className":33,"code":76997,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76999,77000,77012],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77001,77002,77004,77006,77008,77010],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77003,565],{"class":54},[40,77005,59],{"class":58},[40,77007,62],{"class":54},[40,77009,65],{"class":58},[40,77011,73],{"class":54},[40,77013,77014,77016,77018,77020,77022,77024,77026,77028,77030],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,77015,565],{"class":54},[40,77017,59],{"class":58},[40,77019,62],{"class":54},[40,77021,65],{"class":58},[40,77023,62],{"class":54},[40,77025,70],{"class":58},[40,77027,62],{"class":54},[40,77029,50596],{"class":58},[40,77031,73],{"class":54},[20,77033,77034],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[792,77036,77038,77039,8475,77041],{"id":77037},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77040,75660],{},[15,77042,73125],{},[31,77044,77046],{"className":33,"code":77045,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77047,77048,77068,77072,77089,77100],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77049,77050,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062,77064,77066],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77051,47],{"class":46},[40,77053,51],{"class":50},[40,77055,55],{"class":54},[40,77057,59],{"class":58},[40,77059,62],{"class":54},[40,77061,65],{"class":58},[40,77063,62],{"class":54},[40,77065,70],{"class":58},[40,77067,73],{"class":54},[40,77069,77070],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,77071,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,77073,77074,77077,77079,77081,77083,77085,77087],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,77075,77076],{"class":46},"reversed_copy ",[40,77078,51],{"class":50},[40,77080,4045],{"class":46},[40,77082,73721],{"class":54},[40,77084,1806],{"class":50},[40,77086,658],{"class":58},[40,77088,73],{"class":54},[40,77090,77091,77093,77095,77098],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,77092,101],{"class":84},[40,77094,88],{"class":54},[40,77096,77097],{"class":91},"reversed_copy",[40,77099,95],{"class":54},[40,77101,77102,77104,77106,77108],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,77103,101],{"class":84},[40,77105,88],{"class":54},[40,77107,92],{"class":91},[40,77109,95],{"class":54},[20,77111,111],{},[31,77113,77115],{"className":33,"code":77114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77116,77117,77133],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77118,77119,77121,77123,77125,77127,77129,77131],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77120,565],{"class":54},[40,77122,36598],{"class":58},[40,77124,62],{"class":54},[40,77126,65],{"class":58},[40,77128,62],{"class":54},[40,77130,5781],{"class":58},[40,77132,73],{"class":54},[40,77134,77135,77137,77139,77141,77143,77145,77147],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,77136,565],{"class":54},[40,77138,59],{"class":58},[40,77140,62],{"class":54},[40,77142,65],{"class":58},[40,77144,62],{"class":54},[40,77146,70],{"class":58},[40,77148,73],{"class":54},[20,77150,77151,77154],{},[15,77152,77153],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77156,77157,77158,77161],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77159,77160],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[792,77163,77165],{"id":77164},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77167,77168],{},"This is not allowed:",[31,77170,77172],{"className":33,"code":77171,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77173,77174,77194],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77175,77176,77178,77180,77182,77184,77186,77188,77190,77192],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77177,47],{"class":46},[40,77179,51],{"class":50},[40,77181,55],{"class":54},[40,77183,59],{"class":58},[40,77185,62],{"class":54},[40,77187,65],{"class":58},[40,77189,62],{"class":54},[40,77191,70],{"class":58},[40,77193,73],{"class":54},[40,77195,77196],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,77197,77198],{"class":3449},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77200,77201,77202,289],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77203,40459],{},[129,77205,77207],{"id":77206},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77209,77210],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[134,77212,77213,77220,77226,77229,77232],{},[137,77214,36960,77215,4176,77217,77219],{},[15,77216,35831],{},[15,77218,75025],{}," positions",[137,77221,77222,77223,77225],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77224,75025],{}," index is included",[137,77227,77228],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[137,77230,77231],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[137,77233,77234],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77236,77237],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[31,77239,77241],{"className":33,"code":77240,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77242,77243,77253,77267,77285,77299,77316],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77244,77245,77247,77249,77251],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77246,101],{"class":84},[40,77248,88],{"class":54},[40,77250,1272],{"class":91},[40,77252,95],{"class":54},[40,77254,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263,77265],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,77256,101],{"class":84},[40,77258,88],{"class":54},[40,77260,17],{"class":84},[40,77262,88],{"class":54},[40,77264,1272],{"class":91},[40,77266,256],{"class":54},[40,77268,77269,77271,77273,77275,77277,77279,77281,77283],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,77270,101],{"class":84},[40,77272,88],{"class":54},[40,77274,1272],{"class":91},[40,77276,565],{"class":54},[40,77278,658],{"class":58},[40,77280,2669],{"class":54},[40,77282,2288],{"class":58},[40,77284,570],{"class":54},[40,77286,77287,77289,77291,77293,77295,77297],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,77288,101],{"class":84},[40,77290,88],{"class":54},[40,77292,1272],{"class":91},[40,77294,75134],{"class":54},[40,77296,401],{"class":58},[40,77298,570],{"class":54},[40,77300,77301,77303,77305,77307,77309,77311,77313],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,77302,101],{"class":84},[40,77304,88],{"class":54},[40,77306,1272],{"class":91},[40,77308,565],{"class":54},[40,77310,1806],{"class":50},[40,77312,401],{"class":58},[40,77314,77315],{"class":54},":])\n",[40,77317,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326,77328,77330],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,77319,101],{"class":84},[40,77321,88],{"class":54},[40,77323,1272],{"class":91},[40,77325,73721],{"class":54},[40,77327,1806],{"class":50},[40,77329,658],{"class":58},[40,77331,570],{"class":54},[20,77333,795,77334,77336,77337,77341],{},[15,77335,25],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[282,77338,77340],{"href":77339},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[129,77343,1636],{"id":1635},[792,77345,77347],{"id":77346},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77349,77350],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[792,77352,77354],{"id":77353},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77356,77357],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[792,77359,1650,77361,39715],{"id":77360},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77362,75660],{},[20,77364,77365],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[792,77367,77369,77370,2275],{"id":77368},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77371,70330],{},[20,77373,77374],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[129,77376,1687],{"id":1686},[134,77378,77379,77384,77389,77393,77397,77401],{},[137,77380,77381],{},[282,77382,77383],{"href":622},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[137,77385,77386],{},[282,77387,77388],{"href":56896},"How to create a list in Python",[137,77390,77391],{},[282,77392,14733],{"href":56962},[137,77394,77395],{},[282,77396,74406],{"href":74405},[137,77398,77399],{},[282,77400,77340],{"href":77339},[137,77402,77403],{},[282,77404,1246],{"href":1245},[20,77406,77407,77408,77410],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77409,25],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1715,77412,77413],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":77415},[77416,77417,77418,77419,77420,77421,77424,77428,77436,77437,77445],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":75189,"depth":76,"text":75190},{"id":75352,"depth":76,"text":75353},{"id":75614,"depth":76,"text":75615},{"id":75908,"depth":76,"text":75909},{"id":76154,"depth":76,"text":76155,"children":77422},[77423],{"id":76412,"depth":98,"text":76413},{"id":76466,"depth":76,"text":76467,"children":77425},[77426,77427],{"id":76473,"depth":98,"text":76474},{"id":76534,"depth":98,"text":76535},{"id":76741,"depth":76,"text":14943,"children":77429},[77430,77431,77432,77433,77435],{"id":76770,"depth":98,"text":76771},{"id":76859,"depth":98,"text":76860},{"id":76921,"depth":98,"text":76922},{"id":77037,"depth":98,"text":77434},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77164,"depth":98,"text":77165},{"id":77206,"depth":76,"text":77207},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":77438},[77439,77440,77441,77443],{"id":77346,"depth":98,"text":77347},{"id":77353,"depth":98,"text":77354},{"id":77360,"depth":98,"text":77442},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77368,"depth":98,"text":77444},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75012,"description":77446},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77453,"title":77454,"body":77455,"description":79524,"extension":1746,"meta":79525,"navigation":360,"path":79526,"seo":79527,"stem":79528,"__hash__":79529},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77456,"toc":79490},[77457,77462,77468,77474,77476,77523,77530,77535,77539,77554,77557,77610,77612,77637,77642,77644,77676,77679,77695,77697,77758,77760,77785,77789,77794,77847,77849,77874,77879,77940,77942,77967,77970,77977,77981,77984,78045,78047,78080,78083,78144,78146,78179,78185,78258,78260,78292,78299,78304,78309,78311,78323,78326,78404,78406,78447,78450,78524,78526,78559,78564,78571,78578,78582,78591,78595,78603,78605,78672,78674,78710,78715,78726,78728,78733,78738,78740,78803,78805,78830,78837,78842,78846,78849,78889,78894,78900,78905,78907,78934,78939,78942,78989,78991,79048,79055,79060,79066,79135,79139,79142,79205,79207,79240,79245,79247,79250,79331,79333,79357,79363,79365,79370,79374,79381,79389,79393,79395,79418,79422,79424,79451,79454,79461,79464,79466,79487],[10,77458,54085,77460,11091],{"id":77459},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77461,64051],{},[20,77463,77464,77467],{},[15,77465,77466],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77469,77470,77471,77473],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77472,64051],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[129,77475,1787],{"id":1786},[31,77477,77479],{"className":33,"code":77478,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77480,77481,77501,77511],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77482,77483,77485,77487,77489,77491,77493,77495,77497,77499],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77484,47],{"class":46},[40,77486,51],{"class":50},[40,77488,55],{"class":54},[40,77490,401],{"class":58},[40,77492,62],{"class":54},[40,77494,1226],{"class":58},[40,77496,62],{"class":54},[40,77498,663],{"class":58},[40,77500,73],{"class":54},[40,77502,77503,77505,77507,77509],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,77504,92],{"class":46},[40,77506,289],{"class":54},[40,77508,34562],{"class":91},[40,77510,8413],{"class":54},[40,77512,77513,77515,77517,77519,77521],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,77514,101],{"class":84},[40,77516,88],{"class":54},[40,77518,92],{"class":91},[40,77520,18],{"class":54},[40,77522,54675],{"class":3449},[20,77524,123,77525,77527,77528,289],{},[15,77526,77466],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77529,3565],{},[129,77531,158,77533,3466],{"id":77532},"what-listsort-does",[15,77534,77466],{},[20,77536,77537,2669],{},[15,77538,77466],{},[134,77540,77541,77544,77547,77551],{},[137,77542,77543],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[137,77545,77546],{},"Changes the original list",[137,77548,11193,77549],{},[15,77550,3565],{},[137,77552,77553],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77555,77556],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[31,77558,77560],{"className":33,"code":77559,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77561,77562,77586,77596,77600],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77563,77564,77566,77568,77570,77572,77574,77576,77578,77580,77582,77584],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77565,47],{"class":46},[40,77567,51],{"class":50},[40,77569,55],{"class":54},[40,77571,682],{"class":58},[40,77573,62],{"class":54},[40,77575,663],{"class":58},[40,77577,62],{"class":54},[40,77579,53879],{"class":58},[40,77581,62],{"class":54},[40,77583,1226],{"class":58},[40,77585,73],{"class":54},[40,77587,77588,77590,77592,77594],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,77589,92],{"class":46},[40,77591,289],{"class":54},[40,77593,34562],{"class":91},[40,77595,8413],{"class":54},[40,77597,77598],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,77599,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,77601,77602,77604,77606,77608],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,77603,101],{"class":84},[40,77605,88],{"class":54},[40,77607,92],{"class":91},[40,77609,95],{"class":54},[20,77611,111],{},[31,77613,77615],{"className":33,"code":77614,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77616,77617],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77618,77619,77621,77623,77625,77627,77629,77631,77633,77635],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77620,565],{"class":54},[40,77622,658],{"class":58},[40,77624,62],{"class":54},[40,77626,663],{"class":58},[40,77628,62],{"class":54},[40,77630,4387],{"class":58},[40,77632,62],{"class":54},[40,77634,53879],{"class":58},[40,77636,73],{"class":54},[20,77638,77639,77640,289],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[282,77641,66813],{"href":622},[129,77643,1940],{"id":1939},[31,77645,77647],{"className":33,"code":77646,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77648,77649],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77650,77651,77653,77655,77657,77659,77661,77663,77665,77667,77670,77672,77674],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77652,1272],{"class":46},[40,77654,289],{"class":54},[40,77656,34562],{"class":91},[40,77658,88],{"class":54},[40,77660,14609],{"class":8946},[40,77662,51],{"class":50},[40,77664,3565],{"class":1494},[40,77666,62],{"class":54},[40,77668,77669],{"class":8946}," reverse",[40,77671,51],{"class":50},[40,77673,3460],{"class":1494},[40,77675,95],{"class":54},[20,77677,77678],{},"Main arguments:",[134,77680,77681,77686,77692],{},[137,77682,77683,77685],{},[15,77684,14609],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[137,77687,77688,77691],{},[15,77689,77690],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[137,77693,77694],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77696,195],{},[31,77698,77700],{"className":33,"code":77699,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77701,77702,77726,77744,77748],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77703,77704,77706,77708,77710,77712,77714,77716,77718,77720,77722,77724],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77705,47],{"class":46},[40,77707,51],{"class":50},[40,77709,55],{"class":54},[40,77711,2288],{"class":58},[40,77713,62],{"class":54},[40,77715,1226],{"class":58},[40,77717,62],{"class":54},[40,77719,5770],{"class":58},[40,77721,62],{"class":54},[40,77723,663],{"class":58},[40,77725,73],{"class":54},[40,77727,77728,77730,77732,77734,77736,77738,77740,77742],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,77729,92],{"class":46},[40,77731,289],{"class":54},[40,77733,34562],{"class":91},[40,77735,88],{"class":54},[40,77737,73176],{"class":8946},[40,77739,51],{"class":50},[40,77741,3391],{"class":1494},[40,77743,95],{"class":54},[40,77745,77746],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,77747,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,77749,77750,77752,77754,77756],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,77751,101],{"class":84},[40,77753,88],{"class":54},[40,77755,92],{"class":91},[40,77757,95],{"class":54},[20,77759,111],{},[31,77761,77763],{"className":33,"code":77762,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77764,77765],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77766,77767,77769,77771,77773,77775,77777,77779,77781,77783],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77768,565],{"class":54},[40,77770,1809],{"class":58},[40,77772,62],{"class":54},[40,77774,675],{"class":58},[40,77776,62],{"class":54},[40,77778,663],{"class":58},[40,77780,62],{"class":54},[40,77782,1226],{"class":58},[40,77784,73],{"class":54},[129,77786,77788],{"id":77787},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77790,123,77791,77793],{},[15,77792,64051],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[31,77795,77797],{"className":33,"code":77796,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77798,77799,77823,77833,77837],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77800,77801,77803,77805,77807,77809,77811,77813,77815,77817,77819,77821],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77802,47],{"class":46},[40,77804,51],{"class":50},[40,77806,55],{"class":54},[40,77808,59],{"class":58},[40,77810,62],{"class":54},[40,77812,749],{"class":58},[40,77814,62],{"class":54},[40,77816,6137],{"class":58},[40,77818,62],{"class":54},[40,77820,1226],{"class":58},[40,77822,73],{"class":54},[40,77824,77825,77827,77829,77831],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,77826,92],{"class":46},[40,77828,289],{"class":54},[40,77830,34562],{"class":91},[40,77832,8413],{"class":54},[40,77834,77835],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,77836,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,77838,77839,77841,77843,77845],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,77840,101],{"class":84},[40,77842,88],{"class":54},[40,77844,92],{"class":91},[40,77846,95],{"class":54},[20,77848,111],{},[31,77850,77852],{"className":33,"code":77851,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77853,77854],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77855,77856,77858,77860,77862,77864,77866,77868,77870,77872],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77857,565],{"class":54},[40,77859,658],{"class":58},[40,77861,62],{"class":54},[40,77863,749],{"class":58},[40,77865,62],{"class":54},[40,77867,6137],{"class":58},[40,77869,62],{"class":54},[40,77871,5781],{"class":58},[40,77873,73],{"class":54},[20,77875,123,77876,77878],{},[15,77877,77690],{}," for descending order:",[31,77880,77882],{"className":33,"code":77881,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77883,77884,77908,77926,77930],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77885,77886,77888,77890,77892,77894,77896,77898,77900,77902,77904,77906],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77887,47],{"class":46},[40,77889,51],{"class":50},[40,77891,55],{"class":54},[40,77893,59],{"class":58},[40,77895,62],{"class":54},[40,77897,749],{"class":58},[40,77899,62],{"class":54},[40,77901,6137],{"class":58},[40,77903,62],{"class":54},[40,77905,1226],{"class":58},[40,77907,73],{"class":54},[40,77909,77910,77912,77914,77916,77918,77920,77922,77924],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,77911,92],{"class":46},[40,77913,289],{"class":54},[40,77915,34562],{"class":91},[40,77917,88],{"class":54},[40,77919,73176],{"class":8946},[40,77921,51],{"class":50},[40,77923,3391],{"class":1494},[40,77925,95],{"class":54},[40,77927,77928],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,77929,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,77931,77932,77934,77936,77938],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,77933,101],{"class":84},[40,77935,88],{"class":54},[40,77937,92],{"class":91},[40,77939,95],{"class":54},[20,77941,111],{},[31,77943,77945],{"className":33,"code":77944,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77946,77947],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77948,77949,77951,77953,77955,77957,77959,77961,77963,77965],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77950,565],{"class":54},[40,77952,59],{"class":58},[40,77954,62],{"class":54},[40,77956,6137],{"class":58},[40,77958,62],{"class":54},[40,77960,749],{"class":58},[40,77962,62],{"class":54},[40,77964,1226],{"class":58},[40,77966,73],{"class":54},[20,77968,77969],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,77971,77972,77973,289],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[282,77974,77976],{"href":77975},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[129,77978,77980],{"id":77979},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,77982,77983],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[31,77985,77987],{"className":33,"code":77986,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77988,77989,78021,78031,78035],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,77990,77991,77993,77995,77997,77999,78001,78003,78005,78007,78009,78011,78013,78015,78017,78019],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,77992,205],{"class":46},[40,77994,51],{"class":50},[40,77996,55],{"class":54},[40,77998,213],{"class":212},[40,78000,3871],{"class":216},[40,78002,213],{"class":212},[40,78004,62],{"class":54},[40,78006,224],{"class":212},[40,78008,3862],{"class":216},[40,78010,213],{"class":212},[40,78012,62],{"class":54},[40,78014,224],{"class":212},[40,78016,3880],{"class":216},[40,78018,213],{"class":212},[40,78020,73],{"class":54},[40,78022,78023,78025,78027,78029],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,78024,253],{"class":46},[40,78026,289],{"class":54},[40,78028,34562],{"class":91},[40,78030,8413],{"class":54},[40,78032,78033],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,78034,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,78036,78037,78039,78041,78043],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,78038,101],{"class":84},[40,78040,88],{"class":54},[40,78042,253],{"class":91},[40,78044,95],{"class":54},[20,78046,111],{},[31,78048,78050],{"className":33,"code":78049,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78051,78052],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78053,78054,78056,78058,78060,78062,78064,78066,78068,78070,78072,78074,78076,78078],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78055,565],{"class":54},[40,78057,3087],{"class":212},[40,78059,3862],{"class":216},[40,78061,3087],{"class":212},[40,78063,62],{"class":54},[40,78065,3082],{"class":212},[40,78067,3871],{"class":216},[40,78069,3087],{"class":212},[40,78071,62],{"class":54},[40,78073,3082],{"class":212},[40,78075,3880],{"class":216},[40,78077,3087],{"class":212},[40,78079,73],{"class":54},[20,78081,78082],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[31,78084,78086],{"className":33,"code":78085,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78087,78088,78120,78130,78134],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78089,78090,78092,78094,78096,78098,78100,78102,78104,78106,78108,78110,78112,78114,78116,78118],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78091,205],{"class":46},[40,78093,51],{"class":50},[40,78095,55],{"class":54},[40,78097,213],{"class":212},[40,78099,3871],{"class":216},[40,78101,213],{"class":212},[40,78103,62],{"class":54},[40,78105,224],{"class":212},[40,78107,57511],{"class":216},[40,78109,213],{"class":212},[40,78111,62],{"class":54},[40,78113,224],{"class":212},[40,78115,3880],{"class":216},[40,78117,213],{"class":212},[40,78119,73],{"class":54},[40,78121,78122,78124,78126,78128],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,78123,253],{"class":46},[40,78125,289],{"class":54},[40,78127,34562],{"class":91},[40,78129,8413],{"class":54},[40,78131,78132],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,78133,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,78135,78136,78138,78140,78142],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,78137,101],{"class":84},[40,78139,88],{"class":54},[40,78141,253],{"class":91},[40,78143,95],{"class":54},[20,78145,111],{},[31,78147,78149],{"className":33,"code":78148,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78150,78151],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78152,78153,78155,78157,78159,78161,78163,78165,78167,78169,78171,78173,78175,78177],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78154,565],{"class":54},[40,78156,3087],{"class":212},[40,78158,57511],{"class":216},[40,78160,3087],{"class":212},[40,78162,62],{"class":54},[40,78164,3082],{"class":212},[40,78166,3871],{"class":216},[40,78168,3087],{"class":212},[40,78170,62],{"class":54},[40,78172,3082],{"class":212},[40,78174,3880],{"class":216},[40,78176,3087],{"class":212},[40,78178,73],{"class":54},[20,78180,78181,78182,2669],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78183,78184],{},"key=str.lower",[31,78186,78188],{"className":33,"code":78187,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78189,78190,78222,78244,78248],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78191,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200,78202,78204,78206,78208,78210,78212,78214,78216,78218,78220],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78193,205],{"class":46},[40,78195,51],{"class":50},[40,78197,55],{"class":54},[40,78199,213],{"class":212},[40,78201,3871],{"class":216},[40,78203,213],{"class":212},[40,78205,62],{"class":54},[40,78207,224],{"class":212},[40,78209,57511],{"class":216},[40,78211,213],{"class":212},[40,78213,62],{"class":54},[40,78215,224],{"class":212},[40,78217,3880],{"class":216},[40,78219,213],{"class":212},[40,78221,73],{"class":54},[40,78223,78224,78226,78228,78230,78232,78234,78236,78238,78240,78242],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,78225,253],{"class":46},[40,78227,289],{"class":54},[40,78229,34562],{"class":91},[40,78231,88],{"class":54},[40,78233,14609],{"class":8946},[40,78235,51],{"class":50},[40,78237,3231],{"class":609},[40,78239,289],{"class":54},[40,78241,8410],{"class":24512},[40,78243,95],{"class":54},[40,78245,78246],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,78247,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,78249,78250,78252,78254,78256],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,78251,101],{"class":84},[40,78253,88],{"class":54},[40,78255,253],{"class":91},[40,78257,95],{"class":54},[20,78259,111],{},[31,78261,78262],{"className":33,"code":78148,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,78263,78264],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78265,78266,78268,78270,78272,78274,78276,78278,78280,78282,78284,78286,78288,78290],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78267,565],{"class":54},[40,78269,3087],{"class":212},[40,78271,57511],{"class":216},[40,78273,3087],{"class":212},[40,78275,62],{"class":54},[40,78277,3082],{"class":212},[40,78279,3871],{"class":216},[40,78281,3087],{"class":212},[40,78283,62],{"class":54},[40,78285,3082],{"class":212},[40,78287,3880],{"class":216},[40,78289,3087],{"class":212},[40,78291,73],{"class":54},[20,78293,78294,78295,78298],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78296,78297],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[129,78300,36369,78302,36372],{"id":78301},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78303,14609],{},[20,78305,606,78306,78308],{},[15,78307,14609],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78310,7120],{},[134,78312,78313,78318],{},[137,78314,78315,78317],{},[15,78316,17],{}," to sort by length",[137,78319,78320,78322],{},[15,78321,78297],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78324,78325],{},"Sort words by length:",[31,78327,78329],{"className":33,"code":78328,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78330,78331,78372,78390,78394],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78332,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341,78344,78346,78348,78350,78352,78354,78356,78358,78360,78362,78364,78366,78368,78370],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78334,205],{"class":46},[40,78336,51],{"class":50},[40,78338,55],{"class":54},[40,78340,213],{"class":212},[40,78342,78343],{"class":216},"pear",[40,78345,213],{"class":212},[40,78347,62],{"class":54},[40,78349,224],{"class":212},[40,78351,3871],{"class":216},[40,78353,213],{"class":212},[40,78355,62],{"class":54},[40,78357,224],{"class":212},[40,78359,38114],{"class":216},[40,78361,213],{"class":212},[40,78363,62],{"class":54},[40,78365,224],{"class":212},[40,78367,3862],{"class":216},[40,78369,213],{"class":212},[40,78371,73],{"class":54},[40,78373,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,78375,253],{"class":46},[40,78377,289],{"class":54},[40,78379,34562],{"class":91},[40,78381,88],{"class":54},[40,78383,14609],{"class":8946},[40,78385,51],{"class":50},[40,78387,17],{"class":84},[40,78389,95],{"class":54},[40,78391,78392],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,78393,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,78395,78396,78398,78400,78402],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,78397,101],{"class":84},[40,78399,88],{"class":54},[40,78401,253],{"class":91},[40,78403,95],{"class":54},[20,78405,111],{},[31,78407,78409],{"className":33,"code":78408,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78410,78411],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78412,78413,78415,78417,78419,78421,78423,78425,78427,78429,78431,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441,78443,78445],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78414,565],{"class":54},[40,78416,3087],{"class":212},[40,78418,38114],{"class":216},[40,78420,3087],{"class":212},[40,78422,62],{"class":54},[40,78424,3082],{"class":212},[40,78426,78343],{"class":216},[40,78428,3087],{"class":212},[40,78430,62],{"class":54},[40,78432,3082],{"class":212},[40,78434,3862],{"class":216},[40,78436,3087],{"class":212},[40,78438,62],{"class":54},[40,78440,3082],{"class":212},[40,78442,3871],{"class":216},[40,78444,3087],{"class":212},[40,78446,73],{"class":54},[20,78448,78449],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[31,78451,78453],{"className":33,"code":78452,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78454,78455,78488,78510,78514],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78456,78457,78459,78461,78463,78465,78467,78469,78471,78473,78475,78477,78479,78481,78484,78486],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78458,205],{"class":46},[40,78460,51],{"class":50},[40,78462,55],{"class":54},[40,78464,213],{"class":212},[40,78466,4792],{"class":216},[40,78468,213],{"class":212},[40,78470,62],{"class":54},[40,78472,224],{"class":212},[40,78474,17567],{"class":216},[40,78476,213],{"class":212},[40,78478,62],{"class":54},[40,78480,224],{"class":212},[40,78482,78483],{"class":216},"Carol",[40,78485,213],{"class":212},[40,78487,73],{"class":54},[40,78489,78490,78492,78494,78496,78498,78500,78502,78504,78506,78508],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,78491,253],{"class":46},[40,78493,289],{"class":54},[40,78495,34562],{"class":91},[40,78497,88],{"class":54},[40,78499,14609],{"class":8946},[40,78501,51],{"class":50},[40,78503,3231],{"class":609},[40,78505,289],{"class":54},[40,78507,8410],{"class":24512},[40,78509,95],{"class":54},[40,78511,78512],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,78513,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,78515,78516,78518,78520,78522],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,78517,101],{"class":84},[40,78519,88],{"class":54},[40,78521,253],{"class":91},[40,78523,95],{"class":54},[20,78525,111],{},[31,78527,78529],{"className":33,"code":78528,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78530,78531],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78532,78533,78535,78537,78539,78541,78543,78545,78547,78549,78551,78553,78555,78557],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78534,565],{"class":54},[40,78536,3087],{"class":212},[40,78538,17567],{"class":216},[40,78540,3087],{"class":212},[40,78542,62],{"class":54},[40,78544,3082],{"class":212},[40,78546,4792],{"class":216},[40,78548,3087],{"class":212},[40,78550,62],{"class":54},[40,78552,3082],{"class":212},[40,78554,78483],{"class":216},[40,78556,3087],{"class":212},[40,78558,73],{"class":54},[20,78560,606,78561,78563],{},[15,78562,14609],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[129,78565,78567,10355,78569],{"id":78566},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78568,77466],{},[15,78570,74023],{},[20,78572,78573,4176,78575,78577],{},[15,78574,77466],{},[15,78576,74023],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78579,78580,2669],{},[15,78581,77466],{},[134,78583,78584,78587],{},[137,78585,78586],{},"Changes the existing list",[137,78588,11193,78589],{},[15,78590,3565],{},[20,78592,78593,2669],{},[15,78594,74023],{},[134,78596,78597,78600],{},[137,78598,78599],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[137,78601,78602],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78604,195],{},[31,78606,78608],{"className":33,"code":78607,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78609,78610,78630,78634,78648,78652,78662],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78611,78612,78614,78616,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626,78628],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78613,47],{"class":46},[40,78615,51],{"class":50},[40,78617,55],{"class":54},[40,78619,401],{"class":58},[40,78621,62],{"class":54},[40,78623,1226],{"class":58},[40,78625,62],{"class":54},[40,78627,663],{"class":58},[40,78629,73],{"class":54},[40,78631,78632],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,78633,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,78635,78636,78638,78640,78642,78644,78646],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,78637,55633],{"class":46},[40,78639,51],{"class":50},[40,78641,74157],{"class":84},[40,78643,88],{"class":54},[40,78645,92],{"class":91},[40,78647,95],{"class":54},[40,78649,78650],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,78651,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,78653,78654,78656,78658,78660],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,78655,101],{"class":84},[40,78657,88],{"class":54},[40,78659,92],{"class":91},[40,78661,95],{"class":54},[40,78663,78664,78666,78668,78670],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,78665,101],{"class":84},[40,78667,88],{"class":54},[40,78669,73880],{"class":91},[40,78671,95],{"class":54},[20,78673,111],{},[31,78675,78676],{"className":33,"code":74192,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,78677,78678,78694],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78679,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78681,565],{"class":54},[40,78683,401],{"class":58},[40,78685,62],{"class":54},[40,78687,1226],{"class":58},[40,78689,62],{"class":54},[40,78691,663],{"class":58},[40,78693,73],{"class":54},[40,78695,78696,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,78697,565],{"class":54},[40,78699,658],{"class":58},[40,78701,62],{"class":54},[40,78703,663],{"class":58},[40,78705,62],{"class":54},[40,78707,749],{"class":58},[40,78709,73],{"class":54},[20,78711,123,78712,78714],{},[15,78713,74023],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78716,78717,78718,4176,78722,289],{},"You can learn more in ",[282,78719,285,78720,5562],{"href":74120},[15,78721,74023],{},[282,78723,78725],{"href":78724},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[129,78727,2613],{"id":2612},[20,78729,78730,78731,289],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78732,77466],{},[792,78734,12364,78736],{"id":78735},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78737,64051],{},[20,78739,25451],{},[31,78741,78743],{"className":33,"code":78742,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78744,78745,78765,78779,78783,78793],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78746,78747,78749,78751,78753,78755,78757,78759,78761,78763],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78748,47],{"class":46},[40,78750,51],{"class":50},[40,78752,55],{"class":54},[40,78754,401],{"class":58},[40,78756,62],{"class":54},[40,78758,1226],{"class":58},[40,78760,62],{"class":54},[40,78762,663],{"class":58},[40,78764,73],{"class":54},[40,78766,78767,78769,78771,78773,78775,78777],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,78768,2013],{"class":46},[40,78770,51],{"class":50},[40,78772,4045],{"class":46},[40,78774,289],{"class":54},[40,78776,34562],{"class":91},[40,78778,8413],{"class":54},[40,78780,78781],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,78782,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,78784,78785,78787,78789,78791],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,78786,101],{"class":84},[40,78788,88],{"class":54},[40,78790,2048],{"class":91},[40,78792,95],{"class":54},[40,78794,78795,78797,78799,78801],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,78796,101],{"class":84},[40,78798,88],{"class":54},[40,78800,92],{"class":91},[40,78802,95],{"class":54},[20,78804,111],{},[31,78806,78808],{"className":33,"code":78807,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78809,78810,78814],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78811,78812],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78813,11577],{"class":1494},[40,78815,78816,78818,78820,78822,78824,78826,78828],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,78817,565],{"class":54},[40,78819,658],{"class":58},[40,78821,62],{"class":54},[40,78823,663],{"class":58},[40,78825,62],{"class":54},[40,78827,749],{"class":58},[40,78829,73],{"class":54},[20,78831,78832,78834,78835,289],{},[15,78833,64051],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78836,3565],{},[20,78838,78839,78840,6409],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78841,74023],{},[792,78843,78845],{"id":78844},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78847,78848],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[31,78850,78852],{"className":33,"code":78851,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78853,78854,78879],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78855,78856,78858,78860,78862,78864,78866,78868,78871,78873,78875,78877],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78857,479],{"class":46},[40,78859,51],{"class":50},[40,78861,55],{"class":54},[40,78863,658],{"class":58},[40,78865,62],{"class":54},[40,78867,224],{"class":212},[40,78869,78870],{"class":216},"two",[40,78872,213],{"class":212},[40,78874,62],{"class":54},[40,78876,749],{"class":58},[40,78878,73],{"class":54},[40,78880,78881,78883,78885,78887],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,78882,497],{"class":46},[40,78884,289],{"class":54},[40,78886,34562],{"class":91},[40,78888,8413],{"class":54},[20,78890,2787,78891,78893],{},[15,78892,2790],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[792,78895,4486,78897,78899],{"id":78896},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78898,64051],{}," only works on lists",[20,78901,78902,78904],{},[15,78903,64051],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78906,807],{},[31,78908,78910],{"className":33,"code":78909,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78911,78912,78924],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78913,78914,78916,78918,78920,78922],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78915,34450],{"class":46},[40,78917,51],{"class":50},[40,78919,224],{"class":212},[40,78921,35],{"class":216},[40,78923,3146],{"class":212},[40,78925,78926,78928,78930,78932],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,78927,34471],{"class":46},[40,78929,289],{"class":54},[40,78931,34562],{"class":91},[40,78933,8413],{"class":54},[20,78935,78936,78937,33362],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78938,64051],{},[20,78940,78941],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[31,78943,78945],{"className":33,"code":78944,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78946,78947,78965,78975,78979],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78948,78949,78951,78953,78955,78957,78959,78961,78963],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78950,1000],{"class":46},[40,78952,51],{"class":50},[40,78954,22321],{"class":609},[40,78956,88],{"class":54},[40,78958,213],{"class":212},[40,78960,35],{"class":216},[40,78962,213],{"class":212},[40,78964,95],{"class":54},[40,78966,78967,78969,78971,78973],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,78968,1043],{"class":46},[40,78970,289],{"class":54},[40,78972,34562],{"class":91},[40,78974,8413],{"class":54},[40,78976,78977],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,78978,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,78980,78981,78983,78985,78987],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,78982,101],{"class":84},[40,78984,88],{"class":54},[40,78986,1043],{"class":91},[40,78988,95],{"class":54},[20,78990,111],{},[31,78992,78994],{"className":33,"code":78993,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,78995,78996],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,78997,78998,79000,79002,79004,79006,79008,79010,79012,79014,79016,79018,79020,79022,79024,79026,79028,79030,79032,79034,79036,79038,79040,79042,79044,79046],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,78999,565],{"class":54},[40,79001,3087],{"class":212},[40,79003,60178],{"class":216},[40,79005,3087],{"class":212},[40,79007,62],{"class":54},[40,79009,3082],{"class":212},[40,79011,75629],{"class":216},[40,79013,3087],{"class":212},[40,79015,62],{"class":54},[40,79017,3082],{"class":212},[40,79019,60213],{"class":216},[40,79021,3087],{"class":212},[40,79023,62],{"class":54},[40,79025,3082],{"class":212},[40,79027,20],{"class":216},[40,79029,3087],{"class":212},[40,79031,62],{"class":54},[40,79033,3082],{"class":212},[40,79035,63026],{"class":216},[40,79037,3087],{"class":212},[40,79039,62],{"class":54},[40,79041,3082],{"class":212},[40,79043,11514],{"class":216},[40,79045,3087],{"class":212},[40,79047,73],{"class":54},[792,79049,79051,79052,79054],{"id":79050},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79053,14609],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79056,79057,79058,289],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79059,14609],{},[20,79061,79062,79063,79065],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79064,64051],{}," will not do that:",[31,79067,79069],{"className":33,"code":79068,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79070,79071,79103,79121,79125],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79072,79073,79075,79077,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79097,79099,79101],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79074,205],{"class":46},[40,79076,51],{"class":50},[40,79078,55],{"class":54},[40,79080,213],{"class":212},[40,79082,3871],{"class":216},[40,79084,213],{"class":212},[40,79086,62],{"class":54},[40,79088,224],{"class":212},[40,79090,38114],{"class":216},[40,79092,213],{"class":212},[40,79094,62],{"class":54},[40,79096,224],{"class":212},[40,79098,3862],{"class":216},[40,79100,213],{"class":212},[40,79102,73],{"class":54},[40,79104,79105,79107,79109,79111,79113,79115,79117,79119],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,79106,253],{"class":46},[40,79108,289],{"class":54},[40,79110,34562],{"class":91},[40,79112,88],{"class":54},[40,79114,14609],{"class":8946},[40,79116,51],{"class":50},[40,79118,17],{"class":84},[40,79120,95],{"class":54},[40,79122,79123],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,79124,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,79126,79127,79129,79131,79133],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,79128,101],{"class":84},[40,79130,88],{"class":54},[40,79132,253],{"class":91},[40,79134,95],{"class":54},[792,79136,79138],{"id":79137},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79140,79141],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[31,79143,79145],{"className":33,"code":79144,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79146,79147,79181,79191,79195],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79148,79149,79151,79153,79155,79157,79160,79162,79164,79166,79168,79170,79172,79174,79177,79179],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79150,205],{"class":46},[40,79152,51],{"class":50},[40,79154,55],{"class":54},[40,79156,213],{"class":212},[40,79158,79159],{"class":216},"zebra",[40,79161,213],{"class":212},[40,79163,62],{"class":54},[40,79165,224],{"class":212},[40,79167,57511],{"class":216},[40,79169,213],{"class":212},[40,79171,62],{"class":54},[40,79173,224],{"class":212},[40,79175,79176],{"class":216},"monkey",[40,79178,213],{"class":212},[40,79180,73],{"class":54},[40,79182,79183,79185,79187,79189],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,79184,253],{"class":46},[40,79186,289],{"class":54},[40,79188,34562],{"class":91},[40,79190,8413],{"class":54},[40,79192,79193],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,79194,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,79196,79197,79199,79201,79203],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,79198,101],{"class":84},[40,79200,88],{"class":54},[40,79202,253],{"class":91},[40,79204,95],{"class":54},[20,79206,111],{},[31,79208,79210],{"className":33,"code":79209,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79211,79212],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79213,79214,79216,79218,79220,79222,79224,79226,79228,79230,79232,79234,79236,79238],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79215,565],{"class":54},[40,79217,3087],{"class":212},[40,79219,57511],{"class":216},[40,79221,3087],{"class":212},[40,79223,62],{"class":54},[40,79225,3082],{"class":212},[40,79227,79176],{"class":216},[40,79229,3087],{"class":212},[40,79231,62],{"class":54},[40,79233,3082],{"class":212},[40,79235,79159],{"class":216},[40,79237,3087],{"class":212},[40,79239,73],{"class":54},[20,79241,123,79242,79244],{},[15,79243,78184],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[792,79246,60450],{"id":60449},[20,79248,79249],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[31,79251,79253],{"className":33,"code":79252,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79254,79255,79265,79279,79293,79307],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79256,79257,79259,79261,79263],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79258,101],{"class":84},[40,79260,88],{"class":54},[40,79262,1272],{"class":91},[40,79264,95],{"class":54},[40,79266,79267,79269,79271,79273,79275,79277],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,79268,101],{"class":84},[40,79270,88],{"class":54},[40,79272,1297],{"class":609},[40,79274,88],{"class":54},[40,79276,1272],{"class":91},[40,79278,256],{"class":54},[40,79280,79281,79283,79285,79287,79289,79291],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,79282,101],{"class":84},[40,79284,88],{"class":54},[40,79286,1272],{"class":91},[40,79288,289],{"class":54},[40,79290,34562],{"class":91},[40,79292,847],{"class":54},[40,79294,79295,79297,79299,79301,79303,79305],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,79296,101],{"class":84},[40,79298,88],{"class":54},[40,79300,74113],{"class":84},[40,79302,88],{"class":54},[40,79304,1272],{"class":91},[40,79306,256],{"class":54},[40,79308,79309,79311,79313,79315,79317,79319,79321,79323,79325,79327,79329],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,79310,101],{"class":84},[40,79312,2771],{"class":54},[40,79314,1297],{"class":609},[40,79316,88],{"class":54},[40,79318,23072],{"class":91},[40,79320,18],{"class":54},[40,79322,3663],{"class":535},[40,79324,5737],{"class":91},[40,79326,1554],{"class":535},[40,79328,8166],{"class":91},[40,79330,570],{"class":54},[20,79332,10939],{},[134,79334,79335,79338,79341,79348,79354],{},[137,79336,79337],{},"What values are in the list",[137,79339,79340],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[137,79342,79343,79344,398,79346],{},"That ",[15,79345,64051],{},[15,79347,3565],{},[137,79349,79350,79351,79353],{},"Whether ",[15,79352,74023],{}," works better for your case",[137,79355,79356],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79358,79359,79360,79362],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79361,2790],{}," problems.",[129,79364,1636],{"id":1635},[792,79366,12474,79368,55212],{"id":79367},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79369,77466],{},[20,79371,62342,79372,289],{},[15,79373,3565],{},[792,79375,4957,79377,4176,79379,2275],{"id":79376},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79378,64051],{},[15,79380,74023],{},[20,79382,79383,79385,79386,79388],{},[15,79384,64051],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79387,74023],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[792,79390,79392],{"id":79391},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79394,18457],{},[31,79396,79398],{"className":33,"code":79397,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79399,79400],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79401,79402,79404,79406,79408,79410,79412,79414,79416],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79403,1272],{"class":46},[40,79405,289],{"class":54},[40,79407,34562],{"class":91},[40,79409,88],{"class":54},[40,79411,73176],{"class":8946},[40,79413,51],{"class":50},[40,79415,3391],{"class":1494},[40,79417,95],{"class":54},[792,79419,79421],{"id":79420},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79423,18457],{},[31,79425,79427],{"className":33,"code":79426,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79428,79429],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79430,79431,79433,79435,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79432,1272],{"class":46},[40,79434,289],{"class":54},[40,79436,34562],{"class":91},[40,79438,88],{"class":54},[40,79440,14609],{"class":8946},[40,79442,51],{"class":50},[40,79444,3231],{"class":609},[40,79446,289],{"class":54},[40,79448,8410],{"class":24512},[40,79450,95],{"class":54},[20,79452,79453],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[792,79455,79457,79458,79460],{"id":79456},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79459,2790],{}," when sorting?",[20,79462,79463],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[129,79465,1687],{"id":1686},[134,79467,79468,79473,79479,79483],{},[137,79469,79470],{},[282,79471,79472],{"href":77975},"How to sort a list in Python",[137,79474,79475],{},[282,79476,285,79477,5562],{"href":74120},[15,79478,74023],{},[137,79480,79481],{},[282,79482,66813],{"href":622},[137,79484,79485],{},[282,79486,78725],{"href":78724},[1715,79488,79489],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":79491},[79492,79493,79495,79496,79497,79498,79500,79502,79513,79523],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":77532,"depth":76,"text":79494},"What list.sort() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":77787,"depth":76,"text":77788},{"id":77979,"depth":76,"text":77980},{"id":78301,"depth":76,"text":79499},"Using the key argument",{"id":78566,"depth":76,"text":79501},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":79503},[79504,79506,79507,79509,79511,79512],{"id":78735,"depth":98,"text":79505},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78844,"depth":98,"text":78845},{"id":78896,"depth":98,"text":79508},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79050,"depth":98,"text":79510},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79137,"depth":98,"text":79138},{"id":60449,"depth":98,"text":60450},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":79514},[79515,79517,79519,79520,79521],{"id":79367,"depth":98,"text":79516},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79376,"depth":98,"text":79518},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79391,"depth":98,"text":79392},{"id":79420,"depth":98,"text":79421},{"id":79456,"depth":98,"text":79522},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77454,"description":79524},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79531,"title":79532,"body":79533,"description":82164,"extension":1746,"meta":82165,"navigation":360,"path":82166,"seo":82167,"stem":82168,"__hash__":82169},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79534,"toc":82123},[79535,79540,79545,79548,79559,79562,79582,79584,79646,79648,79689,79698,79703,79708,79714,79725,79727,79746,79749,79754,79759,79761,79766,79780,79782,79800,79803,79820,79823,79829,79852,79857,79859,79862,79923,79925,79958,79960,79999,80007,80017,80023,80028,80121,80123,80147,80149,80167,80170,80201,80207,80212,80215,80217,80342,80344,80368,80370,80389,80395,80401,80520,80522,80539,80546,80552,80557,80564,80570,80572,80629,80632,80653,80656,80659,80720,80722,80755,80759,80829,80831,80848,80852,80855,80930,80932,80969,80972,80975,81046,81048,81109,81114,81119,81122,81136,81138,81211,81213,81233,81236,81239,81296,81358,81361,81393,81396,81411,81416,81418,81424,81427,81483,81486,81488,81507,81511,81513,81557,81566,81568,81628,81632,81635,81637,81730,81732,81847,81851,81853,81927,81930,81933,81935,81940,82005,82007,82031,82041,82043,82049,82058,82067,82076,82082,82085,82089,82092,82094,82120],[10,79536,285,79538,3366],{"id":79537},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79539,39471],{},[20,79541,3369,79542,79544],{},[15,79543,39471],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79546,79547],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[134,79549,79550,79553,79556],{},[137,79551,79552],{},"converting numbers to strings",[137,79554,79555],{},"changing strings to integers",[137,79557,79558],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79560,79561],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[134,79563,79564,79571,79577],{},[137,79565,79566,13821,79568,79570],{},[15,79567,39471],{},[183,79569,185],{}," return a list in Python 3",[137,79572,79573,79574],{},"it returns a ",[183,79575,79576],{},"map object",[137,79578,79579,79580],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79581,24543],{},[129,79583,1787],{"id":1786},[31,79585,79587],{"className":33,"code":79586,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79588,79589,79613,79632],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79590,79591,79593,79595,79597,79599,79601,79603,79605,79607,79609,79611],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79592,47],{"class":46},[40,79594,51],{"class":50},[40,79596,55],{"class":54},[40,79598,658],{"class":58},[40,79600,62],{"class":54},[40,79602,663],{"class":58},[40,79604,62],{"class":54},[40,79606,749],{"class":58},[40,79608,62],{"class":54},[40,79610,675],{"class":58},[40,79612,73],{"class":54},[40,79614,79615,79617,79619,79622,79624,79626,79628,79630],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,79616,2013],{"class":46},[40,79618,51],{"class":50},[40,79620,79621],{"class":84}," map",[40,79623,88],{"class":54},[40,79625,3231],{"class":609},[40,79627,62],{"class":54},[40,79629,4045],{"class":91},[40,79631,95],{"class":54},[40,79633,79634,79636,79638,79640,79642,79644],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,79635,101],{"class":84},[40,79637,88],{"class":54},[40,79639,610],{"class":609},[40,79641,88],{"class":54},[40,79643,2048],{"class":91},[40,79645,256],{"class":54},[20,79647,111],{},[31,79649,79651],{"className":33,"code":79650,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79652,79653],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79654,79655,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667,79669,79671,79673,79675,79677,79679,79681,79683,79685,79687],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79656,565],{"class":54},[40,79658,3087],{"class":212},[40,79660,658],{"class":216},[40,79662,3087],{"class":212},[40,79664,62],{"class":54},[40,79666,3082],{"class":212},[40,79668,744],{"class":216},[40,79670,3087],{"class":212},[40,79672,62],{"class":54},[40,79674,3082],{"class":212},[40,79676,401],{"class":216},[40,79678,3087],{"class":212},[40,79680,62],{"class":54},[40,79682,3082],{"class":212},[40,79684,2288],{"class":216},[40,79686,3087],{"class":212},[40,79688,73],{"class":54},[20,79690,123,79691,79694,79695,79697],{},[15,79692,79693],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79696,24543],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[129,79699,158,79701,3466],{"id":79700},"what-map-does",[15,79702,39471],{},[20,79704,79705,79707],{},[15,79706,39471],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79709,79710,79711,79713],{},"An ",[183,79712,3507],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[134,79715,79716,79718,79720,79722],{},[137,79717,37657],{},[137,79719,37660],{},[137,79721,37663],{},[137,79723,79724],{},"a range object",[20,79726,30485],{},[31,79728,79730],{"className":33,"code":79729,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79731,79732],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79733,79734,79736,79738,79740,79742,79744],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79735,39614],{"class":84},[40,79737,88],{"class":54},[40,79739,37616],{"class":91},[40,79741,62],{"class":54},[40,79743,37621],{"class":91},[40,79745,95],{"class":54},[20,79747,79748],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79750,79751,79752,33503],{},"Important: the result is a ",[183,79753,79576],{},[20,79755,79756,79757,289],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[282,79758,4915],{"href":4914},[129,79760,1940],{"id":1939},[20,79762,79763,79765],{},[15,79764,39471],{}," needs at least two parts:",[134,79767,79768,79774],{},[137,79769,79770,79773],{},[183,79771,79772],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[137,79775,79776,79779],{},[183,79777,79778],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79781,3492],{},[31,79783,79784],{"className":33,"code":79729,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,79785,79786],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79787,79788,79790,79792,79794,79796,79798],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79789,39614],{"class":84},[40,79791,88],{"class":54},[40,79793,37616],{"class":91},[40,79795,62],{"class":54},[40,79797,37621],{"class":91},[40,79799,95],{"class":54},[20,79801,79802],{},"You can pass:",[134,79804,79805,79814,79817],{},[137,79806,79807,79808,1973,79810,1977,79812],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79809,3231],{},[15,79811,1972],{},[15,79813,1801],{},[137,79815,79816],{},"your own custom function",[137,79818,79819],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79821,79822],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79824,79825,79826,79828],{},"You will often see ",[15,79827,39471],{}," used like this:",[31,79830,79832],{"className":33,"code":79831,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79833,79834],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79835,79836,79838,79840,79842,79844,79846,79848,79850],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79837,610],{"class":609},[40,79839,88],{"class":54},[40,79841,39614],{"class":84},[40,79843,88],{"class":54},[40,79845,37616],{"class":91},[40,79847,62],{"class":54},[40,79849,3671],{"class":91},[40,79851,256],{"class":54},[20,79853,6455,79854,79856],{},[15,79855,24543],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[129,79858,11245],{"id":11244},[20,79860,79861],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[31,79863,79865],{"className":33,"code":79864,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79866,79867,79887,79905,79909],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79868,79869,79871,79873,79875,79877,79879,79881,79883,79885],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79870,47],{"class":46},[40,79872,51],{"class":50},[40,79874,55],{"class":54},[40,79876,59],{"class":58},[40,79878,62],{"class":54},[40,79880,65],{"class":58},[40,79882,62],{"class":54},[40,79884,70],{"class":58},[40,79886,73],{"class":54},[40,79888,79889,79891,79893,79895,79897,79899,79901,79903],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,79890,2013],{"class":46},[40,79892,51],{"class":50},[40,79894,79621],{"class":84},[40,79896,88],{"class":54},[40,79898,3231],{"class":609},[40,79900,62],{"class":54},[40,79902,4045],{"class":91},[40,79904,95],{"class":54},[40,79906,79907],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,79908,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,79910,79911,79913,79915,79917,79919,79921],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,79912,101],{"class":84},[40,79914,88],{"class":54},[40,79916,610],{"class":609},[40,79918,88],{"class":54},[40,79920,2048],{"class":91},[40,79922,256],{"class":54},[20,79924,111],{},[31,79926,79928],{"className":33,"code":79927,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79929,79930],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,79931,79932,79934,79936,79938,79940,79942,79944,79946,79948,79950,79952,79954,79956],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,79933,565],{"class":54},[40,79935,3087],{"class":212},[40,79937,59],{"class":216},[40,79939,3087],{"class":212},[40,79941,62],{"class":54},[40,79943,3082],{"class":212},[40,79945,15521],{"class":216},[40,79947,3087],{"class":212},[40,79949,62],{"class":54},[40,79951,3082],{"class":212},[40,79953,36598],{"class":216},[40,79955,3087],{"class":212},[40,79957,73],{"class":54},[20,79959,385],{},[134,79961,79962,79967,79975,79983,79991],{},[137,79963,79964,79966],{},[15,79965,92],{}," contains integers",[137,79968,79969,79972,79973],{},[15,79970,79971],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,79974,47435],{},[137,79976,79977,41908,79980],{},[15,79978,79979],{},"str(10)",[15,79981,79982],{},"'10'",[137,79984,79985,41908,79988],{},[15,79986,79987],{},"str(20)",[15,79989,79990],{},"'20'",[137,79992,79993,41908,79996],{},[15,79994,79995],{},"str(30)",[15,79997,79998],{},"'30'",[20,80000,53397,80001,80003,80004,80006],{},[15,80002,39471],{}," applies ",[15,80005,47435],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80008,80009,80010,80012,80013,289],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80011,24543],{}," better, see ",[282,80014,285,80015,288],{"href":64587},[15,80016,24543],{},[129,80018,795,80020,80022],{"id":80019},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80021,39471],{}," with your own function",[20,80024,15481,80025,80027],{},[15,80026,39471],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[31,80029,80031],{"className":33,"code":80030,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80032,80033,80046,80056,80060,80084,80103,80107],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80034,80035,80037,80040,80042,80044],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80036,34614],{"class":1848},[40,80038,80039],{"class":34617}," double",[40,80041,88],{"class":54},[40,80043,1957],{"class":37418},[40,80045,8112],{"class":54},[40,80047,80048,80050,80052,80054],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,80049,34625],{"class":535},[40,80051,3666],{"class":46},[40,80053,39627],{"class":50},[40,80055,45342],{"class":58},[40,80057,80058],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,80059,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,80061,80062,80064,80066,80068,80070,80072,80074,80076,80078,80080,80082],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,80063,47],{"class":46},[40,80065,51],{"class":50},[40,80067,55],{"class":54},[40,80069,658],{"class":58},[40,80071,62],{"class":54},[40,80073,663],{"class":58},[40,80075,62],{"class":54},[40,80077,749],{"class":58},[40,80079,62],{"class":54},[40,80081,675],{"class":58},[40,80083,73],{"class":54},[40,80085,80086,80088,80090,80092,80094,80097,80099,80101],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,80087,2013],{"class":46},[40,80089,51],{"class":50},[40,80091,79621],{"class":84},[40,80093,88],{"class":54},[40,80095,80096],{"class":91},"double",[40,80098,62],{"class":54},[40,80100,4045],{"class":91},[40,80102,95],{"class":54},[40,80104,80105],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,80106,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,80108,80109,80111,80113,80115,80117,80119],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,80110,101],{"class":84},[40,80112,88],{"class":54},[40,80114,610],{"class":609},[40,80116,88],{"class":54},[40,80118,2048],{"class":91},[40,80120,256],{"class":54},[20,80122,111],{},[31,80124,80125],{"className":33,"code":39640,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,80126,80127],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80128,80129,80131,80133,80135,80137,80139,80141,80143,80145],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80130,565],{"class":54},[40,80132,744],{"class":58},[40,80134,62],{"class":54},[40,80136,675],{"class":58},[40,80138,62],{"class":54},[40,80140,687],{"class":58},[40,80142,62],{"class":54},[40,80144,6137],{"class":58},[40,80146,73],{"class":54},[20,80148,65322],{},[134,80150,80151,80158,80164],{},[137,80152,80153,80155,80156],{},[15,80154,39471],{}," takes the function ",[15,80157,80096],{},[137,80159,80160,80161,80163],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80162,92],{}," into that function",[137,80165,80166],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80168,80169],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[134,80171,80172,80179,80186,80194],{},[137,80173,80174,5849,80177],{},[15,80175,80176],{},"double(1)",[15,80178,744],{},[137,80180,80181,5849,80184],{},[15,80182,80183],{},"double(2)",[15,80185,2288],{},[137,80187,80188,5849,80191],{},[15,80189,80190],{},"double(3)",[15,80192,80193],{},"6",[137,80195,80196,5849,80199],{},[15,80197,80198],{},"double(4)",[15,80200,2129],{},[129,80202,795,80204,80206],{"id":80203},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80205,39471],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80208,80209,80211],{},[15,80210,39471],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80213,80214],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80216,195],{},[31,80218,80220],{"className":33,"code":80219,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80221,80222,80239,80249,80253,80274,80295,80299,80324,80328],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80223,80224,80226,80229,80231,80233,80235,80237],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80225,34614],{"class":1848},[40,80227,80228],{"class":34617}," add_numbers",[40,80230,88],{"class":54},[40,80232,282],{"class":37418},[40,80234,62],{"class":54},[40,80236,2342],{"class":37418},[40,80238,8112],{"class":54},[40,80240,80241,80243,80245,80247],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,80242,34625],{"class":535},[40,80244,44297],{"class":46},[40,80246,1843],{"class":50},[40,80248,35938],{"class":46},[40,80250,80251],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,80252,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,80254,80255,80258,80260,80262,80264,80266,80268,80270,80272],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,80256,80257],{"class":46},"list1 ",[40,80259,51],{"class":50},[40,80261,55],{"class":54},[40,80263,658],{"class":58},[40,80265,62],{"class":54},[40,80267,663],{"class":58},[40,80269,62],{"class":54},[40,80271,749],{"class":58},[40,80273,73],{"class":54},[40,80275,80276,80279,80281,80283,80285,80287,80289,80291,80293],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,80277,80278],{"class":46},"list2 ",[40,80280,51],{"class":50},[40,80282,55],{"class":54},[40,80284,59],{"class":58},[40,80286,62],{"class":54},[40,80288,65],{"class":58},[40,80290,62],{"class":54},[40,80292,70],{"class":58},[40,80294,73],{"class":54},[40,80296,80297],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,80298,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,80300,80301,80303,80305,80307,80309,80312,80314,80317,80319,80322],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,80302,2013],{"class":46},[40,80304,51],{"class":50},[40,80306,79621],{"class":84},[40,80308,88],{"class":54},[40,80310,80311],{"class":91},"add_numbers",[40,80313,62],{"class":54},[40,80315,80316],{"class":91}," list1",[40,80318,62],{"class":54},[40,80320,80321],{"class":91}," list2",[40,80323,95],{"class":54},[40,80325,80326],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,80327,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,80329,80330,80332,80334,80336,80338,80340],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,80331,101],{"class":84},[40,80333,88],{"class":54},[40,80335,610],{"class":609},[40,80337,88],{"class":54},[40,80339,2048],{"class":91},[40,80341,256],{"class":54},[20,80343,111],{},[31,80345,80347],{"className":33,"code":80346,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80348,80349],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80350,80351,80353,80356,80358,80361,80363,80366],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80352,565],{"class":54},[40,80354,80355],{"class":58},"11",[40,80357,62],{"class":54},[40,80359,80360],{"class":58}," 22",[40,80362,62],{"class":54},[40,80364,80365],{"class":58}," 33",[40,80367,73],{"class":54},[20,80369,1962],{},[134,80371,80372,80378,80384],{},[137,80373,80374,80375],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80376,80377],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[137,80379,80380,80381],{},"then ",[15,80382,80383],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[137,80385,80380,80386],{},[15,80387,80388],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[792,80390,80392,80394],{"id":80391},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80393,39471],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80396,80397,80398,80400],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80399,39471],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[31,80402,80404],{"className":33,"code":80403,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80405,80406,80422,80432,80436,80460,80476,80480,80502,80506],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80407,80408,80410,80412,80414,80416,80418,80420],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80409,34614],{"class":1848},[40,80411,80228],{"class":34617},[40,80413,88],{"class":54},[40,80415,282],{"class":37418},[40,80417,62],{"class":54},[40,80419,2342],{"class":37418},[40,80421,8112],{"class":54},[40,80423,80424,80426,80428,80430],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,80425,34625],{"class":535},[40,80427,44297],{"class":46},[40,80429,1843],{"class":50},[40,80431,35938],{"class":46},[40,80433,80434],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,80435,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,80437,80438,80440,80442,80444,80446,80448,80450,80452,80454,80456,80458],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,80439,80257],{"class":46},[40,80441,51],{"class":50},[40,80443,55],{"class":54},[40,80445,658],{"class":58},[40,80447,62],{"class":54},[40,80449,663],{"class":58},[40,80451,62],{"class":54},[40,80453,749],{"class":58},[40,80455,62],{"class":54},[40,80457,675],{"class":58},[40,80459,73],{"class":54},[40,80461,80462,80464,80466,80468,80470,80472,80474],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,80463,80278],{"class":46},[40,80465,51],{"class":50},[40,80467,55],{"class":54},[40,80469,59],{"class":58},[40,80471,62],{"class":54},[40,80473,65],{"class":58},[40,80475,73],{"class":54},[40,80477,80478],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,80479,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,80481,80482,80484,80486,80488,80490,80492,80494,80496,80498,80500],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,80483,2013],{"class":46},[40,80485,51],{"class":50},[40,80487,79621],{"class":84},[40,80489,88],{"class":54},[40,80491,80311],{"class":91},[40,80493,62],{"class":54},[40,80495,80316],{"class":91},[40,80497,62],{"class":54},[40,80499,80321],{"class":91},[40,80501,95],{"class":54},[40,80503,80504],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,80505,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,80507,80508,80510,80512,80514,80516,80518],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,80509,101],{"class":84},[40,80511,88],{"class":54},[40,80513,610],{"class":609},[40,80515,88],{"class":54},[40,80517,2048],{"class":91},[40,80519,256],{"class":54},[20,80521,111],{},[31,80523,80525],{"className":33,"code":80524,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80526,80527],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80528,80529,80531,80533,80535,80537],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80530,565],{"class":54},[40,80532,80355],{"class":58},[40,80534,62],{"class":54},[40,80536,80360],{"class":58},[40,80538,73],{"class":54},[20,80540,80541,80542,80545],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80543,80544],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[129,80547,80549,80551],{"id":80548},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80550,39471],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80553,37779,80554,80556],{},[15,80555,39471],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80558,80559,80560,80563],{},"This object is ",[183,80561,80562],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[792,80565,2271,80567,80569],{"id":80566},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80568,32788],{}," looks strange",[20,80571,33404],{},[31,80573,80575],{"className":33,"code":80574,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80576,80577,80597,80615,80619],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80578,80579,80581,80583,80585,80587,80589,80591,80593,80595],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80580,47],{"class":46},[40,80582,51],{"class":50},[40,80584,55],{"class":54},[40,80586,658],{"class":58},[40,80588,62],{"class":54},[40,80590,663],{"class":58},[40,80592,62],{"class":54},[40,80594,749],{"class":58},[40,80596,73],{"class":54},[40,80598,80599,80601,80603,80605,80607,80609,80611,80613],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,80600,2013],{"class":46},[40,80602,51],{"class":50},[40,80604,79621],{"class":84},[40,80606,88],{"class":54},[40,80608,3231],{"class":609},[40,80610,62],{"class":54},[40,80612,4045],{"class":91},[40,80614,95],{"class":54},[40,80616,80617],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,80618,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,80620,80621,80623,80625,80627],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,80622,101],{"class":84},[40,80624,88],{"class":54},[40,80626,2048],{"class":91},[40,80628,95],{"class":54},[20,80630,80631],{},"Output will look something like this:",[31,80633,80635],{"className":33,"code":80634,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80636,80637],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80638,80639,80641,80643,80645,80647,80649,80651],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80640,3076],{"class":50},[40,80642,39614],{"class":84},[40,80644,24379],{"class":609},[40,80646,37120],{"class":46},[40,80648,37124],{"class":37123},[40,80650,37127],{"class":34215},[40,80652,3090],{"class":50},[20,80654,80655],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80657,80658],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[31,80660,80662],{"className":33,"code":80661,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80663,80664,80684,80702,80706],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80665,80666,80668,80670,80672,80674,80676,80678,80680,80682],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80667,47],{"class":46},[40,80669,51],{"class":50},[40,80671,55],{"class":54},[40,80673,658],{"class":58},[40,80675,62],{"class":54},[40,80677,663],{"class":58},[40,80679,62],{"class":54},[40,80681,749],{"class":58},[40,80683,73],{"class":54},[40,80685,80686,80688,80690,80692,80694,80696,80698,80700],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,80687,2013],{"class":46},[40,80689,51],{"class":50},[40,80691,79621],{"class":84},[40,80693,88],{"class":54},[40,80695,3231],{"class":609},[40,80697,62],{"class":54},[40,80699,4045],{"class":91},[40,80701,95],{"class":54},[40,80703,80704],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,80705,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,80707,80708,80710,80712,80714,80716,80718],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,80709,101],{"class":84},[40,80711,88],{"class":54},[40,80713,610],{"class":609},[40,80715,88],{"class":54},[40,80717,2048],{"class":91},[40,80719,256],{"class":54},[20,80721,111],{},[31,80723,80725],{"className":33,"code":80724,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80726,80727],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80728,80729,80731,80733,80735,80737,80739,80741,80743,80745,80747,80749,80751,80753],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80730,565],{"class":54},[40,80732,3087],{"class":212},[40,80734,658],{"class":216},[40,80736,3087],{"class":212},[40,80738,62],{"class":54},[40,80740,3082],{"class":212},[40,80742,744],{"class":216},[40,80744,3087],{"class":212},[40,80746,62],{"class":54},[40,80748,3082],{"class":212},[40,80750,401],{"class":216},[40,80752,3087],{"class":212},[40,80754,73],{"class":54},[792,80756,80758],{"id":80757},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[31,80760,80762],{"className":33,"code":80761,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80763,80764,80784,80802,80806,80819],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80765,80766,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80767,47],{"class":46},[40,80769,51],{"class":50},[40,80771,55],{"class":54},[40,80773,658],{"class":58},[40,80775,62],{"class":54},[40,80777,663],{"class":58},[40,80779,62],{"class":54},[40,80781,749],{"class":58},[40,80783,73],{"class":54},[40,80785,80786,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798,80800],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,80787,2013],{"class":46},[40,80789,51],{"class":50},[40,80791,79621],{"class":84},[40,80793,88],{"class":54},[40,80795,3231],{"class":609},[40,80797,62],{"class":54},[40,80799,4045],{"class":91},[40,80801,95],{"class":54},[40,80803,80804],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,80805,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,80807,80808,80810,80812,80814,80817],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,80809,1548],{"class":535},[40,80811,5737],{"class":46},[40,80813,1554],{"class":535},[40,80815,80816],{"class":46}," result",[40,80818,553],{"class":54},[40,80820,80821,80823,80825,80827],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,80822,558],{"class":84},[40,80824,88],{"class":54},[40,80826,23072],{"class":91},[40,80828,95],{"class":54},[20,80830,111],{},[31,80832,80834],{"className":33,"code":80833,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80835,80836,80840,80844],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80837,80838],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80839,46669],{"class":58},[40,80841,80842],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,80843,1489],{"class":58},[40,80845,80846],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,80847,114],{"class":58},[792,80849,80851],{"id":80850},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80853,80854],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[31,80856,80858],{"className":33,"code":80857,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80859,80860,80880,80898,80902,80916],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80861,80862,80864,80866,80868,80870,80872,80874,80876,80878],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80863,47],{"class":46},[40,80865,51],{"class":50},[40,80867,55],{"class":54},[40,80869,658],{"class":58},[40,80871,62],{"class":54},[40,80873,663],{"class":58},[40,80875,62],{"class":54},[40,80877,749],{"class":58},[40,80879,73],{"class":54},[40,80881,80882,80884,80886,80888,80890,80892,80894,80896],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,80883,2013],{"class":46},[40,80885,51],{"class":50},[40,80887,79621],{"class":84},[40,80889,88],{"class":54},[40,80891,3231],{"class":609},[40,80893,62],{"class":54},[40,80895,4045],{"class":91},[40,80897,95],{"class":54},[40,80899,80900],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,80901,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,80903,80904,80906,80908,80910,80912,80914],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,80905,101],{"class":84},[40,80907,88],{"class":54},[40,80909,610],{"class":609},[40,80911,88],{"class":54},[40,80913,2048],{"class":91},[40,80915,256],{"class":54},[40,80917,80918,80920,80922,80924,80926,80928],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,80919,101],{"class":84},[40,80921,88],{"class":54},[40,80923,610],{"class":609},[40,80925,88],{"class":54},[40,80927,2048],{"class":91},[40,80929,256],{"class":54},[20,80931,111],{},[31,80933,80935],{"className":33,"code":80934,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80936,80937,80965],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80938,80939,80941,80943,80945,80947,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959,80961,80963],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80940,565],{"class":54},[40,80942,3087],{"class":212},[40,80944,658],{"class":216},[40,80946,3087],{"class":212},[40,80948,62],{"class":54},[40,80950,3082],{"class":212},[40,80952,744],{"class":216},[40,80954,3087],{"class":212},[40,80956,62],{"class":54},[40,80958,3082],{"class":212},[40,80960,401],{"class":216},[40,80962,3087],{"class":212},[40,80964,73],{"class":54},[40,80966,80967],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,80968,38053],{"class":54},[20,80970,80971],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,80973,80974],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[31,80976,80978],{"className":33,"code":80977,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,80979,80980,81000,81022,81026,81036],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,80981,80982,80984,80986,80988,80990,80992,80994,80996,80998],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,80983,47],{"class":46},[40,80985,51],{"class":50},[40,80987,55],{"class":54},[40,80989,658],{"class":58},[40,80991,62],{"class":54},[40,80993,663],{"class":58},[40,80995,62],{"class":54},[40,80997,749],{"class":58},[40,80999,73],{"class":54},[40,81001,81002,81004,81006,81008,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018,81020],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,81003,2013],{"class":46},[40,81005,51],{"class":50},[40,81007,22321],{"class":609},[40,81009,88],{"class":54},[40,81011,39614],{"class":84},[40,81013,88],{"class":54},[40,81015,3231],{"class":609},[40,81017,62],{"class":54},[40,81019,4045],{"class":91},[40,81021,256],{"class":54},[40,81023,81024],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,81025,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,81027,81028,81030,81032,81034],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,81029,101],{"class":84},[40,81031,88],{"class":54},[40,81033,2048],{"class":91},[40,81035,95],{"class":54},[40,81037,81038,81040,81042,81044],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,81039,101],{"class":84},[40,81041,88],{"class":54},[40,81043,2048],{"class":91},[40,81045,95],{"class":54},[20,81047,111],{},[31,81049,81051],{"className":33,"code":81050,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81052,81053,81081],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81054,81055,81057,81059,81061,81063,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81056,565],{"class":54},[40,81058,3087],{"class":212},[40,81060,658],{"class":216},[40,81062,3087],{"class":212},[40,81064,62],{"class":54},[40,81066,3082],{"class":212},[40,81068,744],{"class":216},[40,81070,3087],{"class":212},[40,81072,62],{"class":54},[40,81074,3082],{"class":212},[40,81076,401],{"class":216},[40,81078,3087],{"class":212},[40,81080,73],{"class":54},[40,81082,81083,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101,81103,81105,81107],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,81084,565],{"class":54},[40,81086,3087],{"class":212},[40,81088,658],{"class":216},[40,81090,3087],{"class":212},[40,81092,62],{"class":54},[40,81094,3082],{"class":212},[40,81096,744],{"class":216},[40,81098,3087],{"class":212},[40,81100,62],{"class":54},[40,81102,3082],{"class":212},[40,81104,401],{"class":216},[40,81106,3087],{"class":212},[40,81108,73],{"class":54},[129,81110,1345,81112],{"id":81111},"when-to-use-map",[15,81113,39471],{},[20,81115,81116,81118],{},[15,81117,39471],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81120,81121],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[134,81123,81124,81128,81132],{},[137,81125,81126],{},[15,81127,3231],{},[137,81129,81130],{},[15,81131,1972],{},[137,81133,81134],{},[15,81135,1801],{},[20,81137,195],{},[31,81139,81141],{"className":33,"code":81140,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81142,81143,81175,81197,81201],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81144,81145,81147,81149,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159,81161,81163,81165,81167,81169,81171,81173],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81146,3610],{"class":46},[40,81148,51],{"class":50},[40,81150,55],{"class":54},[40,81152,3087],{"class":212},[40,81154,658],{"class":216},[40,81156,3087],{"class":212},[40,81158,62],{"class":54},[40,81160,3082],{"class":212},[40,81162,744],{"class":216},[40,81164,3087],{"class":212},[40,81166,62],{"class":54},[40,81168,3082],{"class":212},[40,81170,401],{"class":216},[40,81172,3087],{"class":212},[40,81174,73],{"class":54},[40,81176,81177,81179,81181,81183,81185,81187,81189,81191,81193,81195],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,81178,47],{"class":46},[40,81180,51],{"class":50},[40,81182,22321],{"class":609},[40,81184,88],{"class":54},[40,81186,39614],{"class":84},[40,81188,88],{"class":54},[40,81190,1972],{"class":609},[40,81192,62],{"class":54},[40,81194,3671],{"class":91},[40,81196,256],{"class":54},[40,81198,81199],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,81200,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,81202,81203,81205,81207,81209],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,81204,101],{"class":84},[40,81206,88],{"class":54},[40,81208,92],{"class":91},[40,81210,95],{"class":54},[20,81212,111],{},[31,81214,81215],{"className":33,"code":54893,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,81216,81217],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81218,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229,81231],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81220,565],{"class":54},[40,81222,658],{"class":58},[40,81224,62],{"class":54},[40,81226,663],{"class":58},[40,81228,62],{"class":54},[40,81230,749],{"class":58},[40,81232,73],{"class":54},[20,81234,81235],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81237,81238],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[31,81240,81242],{"className":33,"code":81241,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81243,81244,81264,81286],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81245,81246,81248,81250,81252,81254,81256,81258,81260,81262],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81247,47],{"class":46},[40,81249,51],{"class":50},[40,81251,55],{"class":54},[40,81253,658],{"class":58},[40,81255,62],{"class":54},[40,81257,663],{"class":58},[40,81259,62],{"class":54},[40,81261,749],{"class":58},[40,81263,73],{"class":54},[40,81265,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278,81280,81282,81284],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,81267,2013],{"class":46},[40,81269,51],{"class":50},[40,81271,22321],{"class":609},[40,81273,88],{"class":54},[40,81275,39614],{"class":84},[40,81277,88],{"class":54},[40,81279,3231],{"class":609},[40,81281,62],{"class":54},[40,81283,4045],{"class":91},[40,81285,256],{"class":54},[40,81287,81288,81290,81292,81294],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,81289,101],{"class":84},[40,81291,88],{"class":54},[40,81293,2048],{"class":91},[40,81295,95],{"class":54},[31,81297,81299],{"className":33,"code":81298,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81300,81301,81321,81348],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81302,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311,81313,81315,81317,81319],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81304,47],{"class":46},[40,81306,51],{"class":50},[40,81308,55],{"class":54},[40,81310,658],{"class":58},[40,81312,62],{"class":54},[40,81314,663],{"class":58},[40,81316,62],{"class":54},[40,81318,749],{"class":58},[40,81320,73],{"class":54},[40,81322,81323,81325,81327,81329,81331,81333,81335,81337,81339,81342,81344,81346],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,81324,2013],{"class":46},[40,81326,51],{"class":50},[40,81328,55],{"class":54},[40,81330,3231],{"class":609},[40,81332,88],{"class":54},[40,81334,75629],{"class":91},[40,81336,18],{"class":54},[40,81338,3663],{"class":535},[40,81340,81341],{"class":46}," n ",[40,81343,1554],{"class":535},[40,81345,4045],{"class":46},[40,81347,73],{"class":54},[40,81349,81350,81352,81354,81356],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,81351,101],{"class":84},[40,81353,88],{"class":54},[40,81355,2048],{"class":91},[40,81357,95],{"class":54},[20,81359,81360],{},"Both produce:",[31,81362,81363],{"className":33,"code":80724,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,81364,81365],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81366,81367,81369,81371,81373,81375,81377,81379,81381,81383,81385,81387,81389,81391],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81368,565],{"class":54},[40,81370,3087],{"class":212},[40,81372,658],{"class":216},[40,81374,3087],{"class":212},[40,81376,62],{"class":54},[40,81378,3082],{"class":212},[40,81380,744],{"class":216},[40,81382,3087],{"class":212},[40,81384,62],{"class":54},[40,81386,3082],{"class":212},[40,81388,401],{"class":216},[40,81390,3087],{"class":212},[40,81392,73],{"class":54},[20,81394,81395],{},"A simple rule:",[134,81397,81398,81403,81408],{},[137,81399,39745,81400,81402],{},[15,81401,39471],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[137,81404,39751,81405,81407],{},[15,81406,1548],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[137,81409,81410],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81412,81413,81414,289],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[282,81415,4175],{"href":4174},[129,81417,790],{"id":789},[792,81419,81421,81422],{"id":81420},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81423,24543],{},[20,81425,81426],{},"This is very common:",[31,81428,81429],{"className":33,"code":80574,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,81430,81431,81451,81469,81473],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81432,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81434,47],{"class":46},[40,81436,51],{"class":50},[40,81438,55],{"class":54},[40,81440,658],{"class":58},[40,81442,62],{"class":54},[40,81444,663],{"class":58},[40,81446,62],{"class":54},[40,81448,749],{"class":58},[40,81450,73],{"class":54},[40,81452,81453,81455,81457,81459,81461,81463,81465,81467],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,81454,2013],{"class":46},[40,81456,51],{"class":50},[40,81458,79621],{"class":84},[40,81460,88],{"class":54},[40,81462,3231],{"class":609},[40,81464,62],{"class":54},[40,81466,4045],{"class":91},[40,81468,95],{"class":54},[40,81470,81471],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,81472,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,81474,81475,81477,81479,81481],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,81476,101],{"class":84},[40,81478,88],{"class":54},[40,81480,2048],{"class":91},[40,81482,95],{"class":54},[20,81484,81485],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81487,39016],{},[31,81489,81491],{"className":33,"code":81490,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81492,81493],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81494,81495,81497,81499,81501,81503,81505],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81496,101],{"class":84},[40,81498,88],{"class":54},[40,81500,610],{"class":609},[40,81502,88],{"class":54},[40,81504,2048],{"class":91},[40,81506,256],{"class":54},[792,81508,81510],{"id":81509},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81512,807],{},[31,81514,81516],{"className":33,"code":81515,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81517,81518,81538],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81519,81520,81522,81524,81526,81528,81530,81532,81534,81536],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81521,47],{"class":46},[40,81523,51],{"class":50},[40,81525,55],{"class":54},[40,81527,658],{"class":58},[40,81529,62],{"class":54},[40,81531,663],{"class":58},[40,81533,62],{"class":54},[40,81535,749],{"class":58},[40,81537,73],{"class":54},[40,81539,81540,81542,81544,81546,81548,81550,81553,81555],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,81541,2013],{"class":46},[40,81543,51],{"class":50},[40,81545,79621],{"class":84},[40,81547,88],{"class":54},[40,81549,3231],{"class":609},[40,81551,81552],{"class":54},"(),",[40,81554,4045],{"class":91},[40,81556,95],{"class":54},[20,81558,81559,81560,81562,81563,81565],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81561,47435],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81564,39471],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81567,850],{},[31,81569,81570],{"className":33,"code":80661,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,81571,81572,81592,81610,81614],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81573,81574,81576,81578,81580,81582,81584,81586,81588,81590],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81575,47],{"class":46},[40,81577,51],{"class":50},[40,81579,55],{"class":54},[40,81581,658],{"class":58},[40,81583,62],{"class":54},[40,81585,663],{"class":58},[40,81587,62],{"class":54},[40,81589,749],{"class":58},[40,81591,73],{"class":54},[40,81593,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,81595,2013],{"class":46},[40,81597,51],{"class":50},[40,81599,79621],{"class":84},[40,81601,88],{"class":54},[40,81603,3231],{"class":609},[40,81605,62],{"class":54},[40,81607,4045],{"class":91},[40,81609,95],{"class":54},[40,81611,81612],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,81613,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,81615,81616,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,81617,101],{"class":84},[40,81619,88],{"class":54},[40,81621,610],{"class":609},[40,81623,88],{"class":54},[40,81625,2048],{"class":91},[40,81627,256],{"class":54},[792,81629,81631],{"id":81630},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81633,81634],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81636,807],{},[31,81638,81640],{"className":33,"code":81639,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81641,81642,81659,81669,81673,81693,81712,81716],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81643,81644,81646,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81645,34614],{"class":1848},[40,81647,81648],{"class":34617}," add",[40,81650,88],{"class":54},[40,81652,282],{"class":37418},[40,81654,62],{"class":54},[40,81656,2342],{"class":37418},[40,81658,8112],{"class":54},[40,81660,81661,81663,81665,81667],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,81662,34625],{"class":535},[40,81664,44297],{"class":46},[40,81666,1843],{"class":50},[40,81668,35938],{"class":46},[40,81670,81671],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,81672,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,81674,81675,81677,81679,81681,81683,81685,81687,81689,81691],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,81676,47],{"class":46},[40,81678,51],{"class":50},[40,81680,55],{"class":54},[40,81682,658],{"class":58},[40,81684,62],{"class":54},[40,81686,663],{"class":58},[40,81688,62],{"class":54},[40,81690,749],{"class":58},[40,81692,73],{"class":54},[40,81694,81695,81697,81699,81701,81703,81706,81708,81710],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,81696,2013],{"class":46},[40,81698,51],{"class":50},[40,81700,79621],{"class":84},[40,81702,88],{"class":54},[40,81704,81705],{"class":91},"add",[40,81707,62],{"class":54},[40,81709,4045],{"class":91},[40,81711,95],{"class":54},[40,81713,81714],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,81715,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,81717,81718,81720,81722,81724,81726,81728],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,81719,101],{"class":84},[40,81721,88],{"class":54},[40,81723,610],{"class":609},[40,81725,88],{"class":54},[40,81727,2048],{"class":91},[40,81729,256],{"class":54},[20,81731,850],{},[31,81733,81735],{"className":33,"code":81734,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81736,81737,81753,81763,81767,81787,81807,81829,81833],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81738,81739,81741,81743,81745,81747,81749,81751],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81740,34614],{"class":1848},[40,81742,81648],{"class":34617},[40,81744,88],{"class":54},[40,81746,282],{"class":37418},[40,81748,62],{"class":54},[40,81750,2342],{"class":37418},[40,81752,8112],{"class":54},[40,81754,81755,81757,81759,81761],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,81756,34625],{"class":535},[40,81758,44297],{"class":46},[40,81760,1843],{"class":50},[40,81762,35938],{"class":46},[40,81764,81765],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,81766,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,81768,81769,81771,81773,81775,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,81770,80257],{"class":46},[40,81772,51],{"class":50},[40,81774,55],{"class":54},[40,81776,658],{"class":58},[40,81778,62],{"class":54},[40,81780,663],{"class":58},[40,81782,62],{"class":54},[40,81784,749],{"class":58},[40,81786,73],{"class":54},[40,81788,81789,81791,81793,81795,81797,81799,81801,81803,81805],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,81790,80278],{"class":46},[40,81792,51],{"class":50},[40,81794,55],{"class":54},[40,81796,59],{"class":58},[40,81798,62],{"class":54},[40,81800,65],{"class":58},[40,81802,62],{"class":54},[40,81804,70],{"class":58},[40,81806,73],{"class":54},[40,81808,81809,81811,81813,81815,81817,81819,81821,81823,81825,81827],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,81810,2013],{"class":46},[40,81812,51],{"class":50},[40,81814,79621],{"class":84},[40,81816,88],{"class":54},[40,81818,81705],{"class":91},[40,81820,62],{"class":54},[40,81822,80316],{"class":91},[40,81824,62],{"class":54},[40,81826,80321],{"class":91},[40,81828,95],{"class":54},[40,81830,81831],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,81832,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,81834,81835,81837,81839,81841,81843,81845],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,81836,101],{"class":84},[40,81838,88],{"class":54},[40,81840,610],{"class":609},[40,81842,88],{"class":54},[40,81844,2048],{"class":91},[40,81846,256],{"class":54},[792,81848,81850],{"id":81849},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81852,807],{},[31,81854,81855],{"className":33,"code":80857,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,81856,81857,81877,81895,81899,81913],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81858,81859,81861,81863,81865,81867,81869,81871,81873,81875],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81860,47],{"class":46},[40,81862,51],{"class":50},[40,81864,55],{"class":54},[40,81866,658],{"class":58},[40,81868,62],{"class":54},[40,81870,663],{"class":58},[40,81872,62],{"class":54},[40,81874,749],{"class":58},[40,81876,73],{"class":54},[40,81878,81879,81881,81883,81885,81887,81889,81891,81893],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,81880,2013],{"class":46},[40,81882,51],{"class":50},[40,81884,79621],{"class":84},[40,81886,88],{"class":54},[40,81888,3231],{"class":609},[40,81890,62],{"class":54},[40,81892,4045],{"class":91},[40,81894,95],{"class":54},[40,81896,81897],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,81898,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,81900,81901,81903,81905,81907,81909,81911],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,81902,101],{"class":84},[40,81904,88],{"class":54},[40,81906,610],{"class":609},[40,81908,88],{"class":54},[40,81910,2048],{"class":91},[40,81912,256],{"class":54},[40,81914,81915,81917,81919,81921,81923,81925],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,81916,101],{"class":84},[40,81918,88],{"class":54},[40,81920,610],{"class":609},[40,81922,88],{"class":54},[40,81924,2048],{"class":91},[40,81926,256],{"class":54},[20,81928,81929],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81931,81932],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[129,81934,67631],{"id":67630},[20,81936,8646,81937,81939],{},[15,81938,39471],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[31,81941,81943],{"className":33,"code":81942,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81944,81945,81955,81969,81983,81995],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,81946,81947,81949,81951,81953],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,81948,101],{"class":84},[40,81950,88],{"class":54},[40,81952,2048],{"class":91},[40,81954,95],{"class":54},[40,81956,81957,81959,81961,81963,81965,81967],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,81958,101],{"class":84},[40,81960,88],{"class":54},[40,81962,610],{"class":609},[40,81964,88],{"class":54},[40,81966,2048],{"class":91},[40,81968,256],{"class":54},[40,81970,81971,81973,81975,81977,81979,81981],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,81972,101],{"class":84},[40,81974,88],{"class":54},[40,81976,1297],{"class":609},[40,81978,88],{"class":54},[40,81980,2048],{"class":91},[40,81982,256],{"class":54},[40,81984,81985,81987,81989,81991,81993],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,81986,1548],{"class":535},[40,81988,5737],{"class":46},[40,81990,1554],{"class":535},[40,81992,80816],{"class":46},[40,81994,553],{"class":54},[40,81996,81997,81999,82001,82003],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,81998,558],{"class":84},[40,82000,88],{"class":54},[40,82002,23072],{"class":91},[40,82004,95],{"class":54},[20,82006,12442],{},[134,82008,82009,82014,82019,82025],{},[137,82010,82011,82013],{},[15,82012,32788],{}," shows that you have a map object",[137,82015,82016,82018],{},[15,82017,32796],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[137,82020,82021,82024],{},[15,82022,82023],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[137,82026,82027,82028,82030],{},"looping over ",[15,82029,2048],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82032,82033,82034,82037,82038,82040],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82035,82036],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82039,1548],{}," loop consume the map object.",[129,82042,1636],{"id":1635},[792,82044,12474,82046,82048],{"id":82045},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82047,39471],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82050,82051,82052,82054,82055,23700],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82053,39471],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82056,82057],{},"list(map(...))",[792,82059,14671,82061,82063,82064,82066],{"id":82060},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82062,39471],{}," better than a ",[15,82065,1548],{}," loop?",[20,82068,82069,82070,82072,82073,82075],{},"Not always. ",[15,82071,39471],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82074,1548],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[792,82077,4947,82079,82081],{"id":82078},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82080,39471],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82083,82084],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[792,82086,82088],{"id":82087},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82090,82091],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[129,82093,1687],{"id":1686},[134,82095,82096,82102,82108,82112,82116],{},[137,82097,82098],{},[282,82099,285,82100,288],{"href":39840},[15,82101,37332],{},[137,82103,82104],{},[282,82105,285,82106,288],{"href":64587},[15,82107,24543],{},[137,82109,82110],{},[282,82111,4999],{"href":4910},[137,82113,82114],{},[282,82115,5004],{"href":4174},[137,82117,82118],{},[282,82119,4994],{"href":4914},[1715,82121,82122],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":82124},[82125,82126,82128,82129,82130,82132,82137,82144,82146,82153,82154,82163],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":79700,"depth":76,"text":82127},"What map() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":80019,"depth":76,"text":82131},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80203,"depth":76,"text":82133,"children":82134},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82135],{"id":80391,"depth":98,"text":82136},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80548,"depth":76,"text":82138,"children":82139},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82140,82142,82143],{"id":80566,"depth":98,"text":82141},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80757,"depth":98,"text":80758},{"id":80850,"depth":98,"text":80851},{"id":81111,"depth":76,"text":82145},"When to use map()",{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":82147},[82148,82150,82151,82152],{"id":81420,"depth":98,"text":82149},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81509,"depth":98,"text":81510},{"id":81630,"depth":98,"text":81631},{"id":81849,"depth":98,"text":81850},{"id":67630,"depth":76,"text":67631},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":82155},[82156,82158,82160,82162],{"id":82045,"depth":98,"text":82157},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82060,"depth":98,"text":82159},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82078,"depth":98,"text":82161},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82087,"depth":98,"text":82088},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79532,"description":82164},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82171,"title":82172,"body":82173,"description":84193,"extension":1746,"meta":84194,"navigation":360,"path":84195,"seo":84196,"stem":84197,"__hash__":84198},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82174,"toc":84151},[82175,82181,82186,82189,82197,82200,82202,82326,82328,82346,82348,82368,82373,82377,82391,82394,82397,82399,82404,82516,82519,82537,82543,82546,82608,82610,82619,82622,82636,82638,82686,82688,82697,82707,82713,82716,82743,82745,82753,82756,82759,82829,82831,82839,82842,82847,82852,82903,82905,82913,82916,82918,82935,82937,82989,82992,82998,83002,83007,83010,83014,83073,83075,83084,83090,83099,83103,83166,83168,83176,83181,83185,83190,83270,83272,83281,83288,83293,83298,83301,83336,83338,83346,83349,83355,83357,83407,83409,83418,83421,83439,83441,83446,83452,83459,83486,83488,83511,83516,83551,83556,83562,83567,83610,83613,83616,83655,83662,83668,83673,83688,83692,83699,83702,83706,83711,83715,83720,83722,83783,83785,83814,83819,83826,83835,83837,83840,83865,83867,83970,83973,83991,84000,84002,84007,84010,84016,84019,84021,84031,84037,84041,84099,84106,84114,84116,84148],[10,82176,285,82178,3366],{"id":82177},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82179,82180],{},"max()",[20,82182,8894,82183,82185],{},[15,82184,82180],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82187,82188],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[134,82190,82191,82194],{},[137,82192,82193],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[137,82195,82196],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82198,82199],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[129,82201,1787],{"id":1786},[31,82203,82205],{"className":33,"code":82204,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82206,82207,82231,82246,82250,82276,82280,82312],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82208,82209,82211,82213,82215,82217,82219,82221,82223,82225,82227,82229],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82210,47],{"class":46},[40,82212,51],{"class":50},[40,82214,55],{"class":54},[40,82216,401],{"class":58},[40,82218,62],{"class":54},[40,82220,6137],{"class":58},[40,82222,62],{"class":54},[40,82224,663],{"class":58},[40,82226,62],{"class":54},[40,82228,4387],{"class":58},[40,82230,73],{"class":54},[40,82232,82233,82235,82237,82240,82242,82244],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,82234,101],{"class":84},[40,82236,88],{"class":54},[40,82238,82239],{"class":84},"max",[40,82241,88],{"class":54},[40,82243,92],{"class":91},[40,82245,256],{"class":54},[40,82247,82248],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,82249,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,82251,82252,82254,82256,82258,82260,82262,82264,82266,82268,82270,82272,82274],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,82253,101],{"class":84},[40,82255,88],{"class":54},[40,82257,82239],{"class":84},[40,82259,88],{"class":54},[40,82261,401],{"class":58},[40,82263,62],{"class":54},[40,82265,6137],{"class":58},[40,82267,62],{"class":54},[40,82269,663],{"class":58},[40,82271,62],{"class":54},[40,82273,4387],{"class":58},[40,82275,256],{"class":54},[40,82277,82278],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,82279,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,82281,82282,82284,82286,82288,82290,82292,82294,82296,82298,82300,82302,82304,82306,82308,82310],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,82283,205],{"class":46},[40,82285,51],{"class":50},[40,82287,55],{"class":54},[40,82289,213],{"class":212},[40,82291,3862],{"class":216},[40,82293,213],{"class":212},[40,82295,62],{"class":54},[40,82297,224],{"class":212},[40,82299,3871],{"class":216},[40,82301,213],{"class":212},[40,82303,62],{"class":54},[40,82305,224],{"class":212},[40,82307,78343],{"class":216},[40,82309,213],{"class":212},[40,82311,73],{"class":54},[40,82313,82314,82316,82318,82320,82322,82324],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,82315,101],{"class":84},[40,82317,88],{"class":54},[40,82319,82239],{"class":84},[40,82321,88],{"class":54},[40,82323,253],{"class":91},[40,82325,256],{"class":54},[20,82327,111],{},[31,82329,82331],{"className":33,"code":82330,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82332,82333,82337,82341],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82334,82335],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82336,2165],{"class":58},[40,82338,82339],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,82340,2165],{"class":58},[40,82342,82343],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,82344,82345],{"class":46},"pear\n",[20,82347,19718],{},[134,82349,82350,82356,82362],{},[137,82351,82352,82355],{},[15,82353,82354],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[137,82357,82358,82361],{},[15,82359,82360],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[137,82363,82364,82367],{},[15,82365,82366],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[129,82369,158,82371,3466],{"id":82370},"what-max-does",[15,82372,82180],{},[20,82374,82375,2669],{},[15,82376,82180],{},[134,82378,82379,82382,82385,82388],{},[137,82380,82381],{},"Returns the largest item",[137,82383,82384],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[137,82386,82387],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[137,82389,82390],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82392,82393],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82395,82396],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[129,82398,1940],{"id":1939},[20,82400,82401,82402,2669],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82403,82180],{},[31,82405,82407],{"className":33,"code":82406,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82408,82409,82419,82443,82465,82488],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82410,82411,82413,82415,82417],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82412,82239],{"class":84},[40,82414,88],{"class":54},[40,82416,3507],{"class":91},[40,82418,95],{"class":54},[40,82420,82421,82423,82425,82427,82429,82432,82434,82436,82438,82441],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,82422,82239],{"class":84},[40,82424,88],{"class":54},[40,82426,3507],{"class":91},[40,82428,62],{"class":54},[40,82430,82431],{"class":50}," *",[40,82433,62],{"class":54},[40,82435,21340],{"class":8946},[40,82437,51],{"class":50},[40,82439,82440],{"class":91},"func",[40,82442,95],{"class":54},[40,82444,82445,82447,82449,82451,82453,82455,82457,82459,82461,82463],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,82446,82239],{"class":84},[40,82448,88],{"class":54},[40,82450,3507],{"class":91},[40,82452,62],{"class":54},[40,82454,82431],{"class":50},[40,82456,62],{"class":54},[40,82458,26284],{"class":8946},[40,82460,51],{"class":50},[40,82462,2255],{"class":91},[40,82464,95],{"class":54},[40,82466,82467,82469,82471,82474,82476,82479,82481,82483,82486],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,82468,82239],{"class":84},[40,82470,88],{"class":54},[40,82472,82473],{"class":91},"arg1",[40,82475,62],{"class":54},[40,82477,82478],{"class":91}," arg2",[40,82480,62],{"class":54},[40,82482,82431],{"class":50},[40,82484,82485],{"class":91},"args",[40,82487,95],{"class":54},[40,82489,82490,82492,82494,82496,82498,82500,82502,82504,82506,82508,82510,82512,82514],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,82491,82239],{"class":84},[40,82493,88],{"class":54},[40,82495,82473],{"class":91},[40,82497,62],{"class":54},[40,82499,82478],{"class":91},[40,82501,62],{"class":54},[40,82503,82431],{"class":50},[40,82505,82485],{"class":91},[40,82507,62],{"class":54},[40,82509,21340],{"class":8946},[40,82511,51],{"class":50},[40,82513,82440],{"class":91},[40,82515,95],{"class":54},[20,82517,82518],{},"The most important parts are:",[134,82520,82521,82526,82531],{},[137,82522,82523,82525],{},[15,82524,3507],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[137,82527,82528,82530],{},[15,82529,14609],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[137,82532,82533,82536],{},[15,82534,82535],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[129,82538,795,82540,82542],{"id":82539},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82541,82180],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82544,82545],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[31,82547,82549],{"className":33,"code":82548,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82550,82551,82577,82593,82597],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82552,82553,82555,82557,82559,82562,82564,82566,82568,82570,82572,82575],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82554,4842],{"class":46},[40,82556,51],{"class":50},[40,82558,55],{"class":54},[40,82560,82561],{"class":58},"72",[40,82563,62],{"class":54},[40,82565,51262],{"class":58},[40,82567,62],{"class":54},[40,82569,13274],{"class":58},[40,82571,62],{"class":54},[40,82573,82574],{"class":58}," 66",[40,82576,73],{"class":54},[40,82578,82579,82582,82584,82587,82589,82591],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,82580,82581],{"class":46},"highest_score ",[40,82583,51],{"class":50},[40,82585,82586],{"class":84}," max",[40,82588,88],{"class":54},[40,82590,16156],{"class":91},[40,82592,95],{"class":54},[40,82594,82595],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,82596,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,82598,82599,82601,82603,82606],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,82600,101],{"class":84},[40,82602,88],{"class":54},[40,82604,82605],{"class":91},"highest_score",[40,82607,95],{"class":54},[20,82609,111],{},[31,82611,82613],{"className":33,"code":82612,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"91\n",[15,82614,82615],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82616,82617],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82618,82612],{"class":58},[20,82620,82621],{},"This works well for:",[134,82623,82624,82627,82630,82633],{},[137,82625,82626],{},"Scores",[137,82628,82629],{},"Prices",[137,82631,82632],{},"Ages",[137,82634,82635],{},"Counts",[20,82637,721],{},[31,82639,82641],{"className":33,"code":82640,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82642,82643,82671],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82644,82645,82648,82650,82652,82654,82656,82659,82661,82664,82666,82669],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82646,82647],{"class":46},"prices ",[40,82649,51],{"class":50},[40,82651,55],{"class":54},[40,82653,40153],{"class":58},[40,82655,62],{"class":54},[40,82657,82658],{"class":58}," 5.50",[40,82660,62],{"class":54},[40,82662,82663],{"class":58}," 12.75",[40,82665,62],{"class":54},[40,82667,82668],{"class":58}," 29.00",[40,82670,73],{"class":54},[40,82672,82673,82675,82677,82679,82681,82684],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,82674,101],{"class":84},[40,82676,88],{"class":54},[40,82678,82239],{"class":84},[40,82680,88],{"class":54},[40,82682,82683],{"class":91},"prices",[40,82685,256],{"class":54},[20,82687,111],{},[31,82689,82691],{"className":33,"code":82690,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"29.0\n",[15,82692,82693],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82694,82695],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82696,82690],{"class":58},[20,82698,82699,82700,82702,82703,289],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82701,82180],{}," is simpler than ",[282,82704,82705],{"href":74120},[15,82706,74023],{},[129,82708,795,82710,82712],{"id":82709},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82711,82180],{}," with separate values",[20,82714,82715],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[31,82717,82719],{"className":33,"code":82718,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82720,82721],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82722,82723,82725,82727,82729,82731,82733,82735,82737,82739,82741],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82724,101],{"class":84},[40,82726,88],{"class":54},[40,82728,82239],{"class":84},[40,82730,88],{"class":54},[40,82732,2288],{"class":58},[40,82734,62],{"class":54},[40,82736,30703],{"class":58},[40,82738,62],{"class":54},[40,82740,5770],{"class":58},[40,82742,256],{"class":54},[20,82744,111],{},[31,82746,82747],{"className":33,"code":2008,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,82748,82749],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82750,82751],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82752,2008],{"class":58},[20,82754,82755],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82757,82758],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[31,82760,82762],{"className":33,"code":82761,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82763,82764,82773,82781,82791,82795,82818],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82765,82766,82768,82770],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82767,1384],{"class":46},[40,82769,51],{"class":50},[40,82771,82772],{"class":58}," 15\n",[40,82774,82775,82777,82779],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,82776,1405],{"class":46},[40,82778,51],{"class":50},[40,82780,2551],{"class":58},[40,82782,82783,82786,82788],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,82784,82785],{"class":46},"c ",[40,82787,51],{"class":50},[40,82789,82790],{"class":58}," 27\n",[40,82792,82793],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,82794,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,82796,82797,82800,82802,82804,82806,82808,82810,82812,82814,82816],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,82798,82799],{"class":46},"largest ",[40,82801,51],{"class":50},[40,82803,82586],{"class":84},[40,82805,88],{"class":54},[40,82807,282],{"class":91},[40,82809,62],{"class":54},[40,82811,2342],{"class":91},[40,82813,62],{"class":54},[40,82815,9451],{"class":91},[40,82817,95],{"class":54},[40,82819,82820,82822,82824,82827],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,82821,101],{"class":84},[40,82823,88],{"class":54},[40,82825,82826],{"class":91},"largest",[40,82828,95],{"class":54},[20,82830,111],{},[31,82832,82833],{"className":33,"code":46365,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,82834,82835],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82836,82837],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82838,46365],{"class":58},[20,82840,82841],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[129,82843,795,82845,46811],{"id":82844},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82846,82180],{},[20,82848,82849,82851],{},[15,82850,82180],{}," can compare strings too.",[31,82853,82855],{"className":33,"code":82854,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82856,82857,82889],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82858,82859,82861,82863,82865,82867,82869,82871,82873,82875,82877,82879,82881,82883,82885,82887],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82860,205],{"class":46},[40,82862,51],{"class":50},[40,82864,55],{"class":54},[40,82866,213],{"class":212},[40,82868,3862],{"class":216},[40,82870,213],{"class":212},[40,82872,62],{"class":54},[40,82874,224],{"class":212},[40,82876,3871],{"class":216},[40,82878,213],{"class":212},[40,82880,62],{"class":54},[40,82882,224],{"class":212},[40,82884,78343],{"class":216},[40,82886,213],{"class":212},[40,82888,73],{"class":54},[40,82890,82891,82893,82895,82897,82899,82901],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,82892,101],{"class":84},[40,82894,88],{"class":54},[40,82896,82239],{"class":84},[40,82898,88],{"class":54},[40,82900,253],{"class":91},[40,82902,256],{"class":54},[20,82904,111],{},[31,82906,82907],{"className":33,"code":82345,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,82908,82909],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82910,82911],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82912,82345],{"class":46},[20,82914,82915],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82917,173],{},[134,82919,82920,82929,82932],{},[137,82921,82922,82925,82926,82928],{},[15,82923,82924],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82927,65012],{}," alphabetically",[137,82930,82931],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[137,82933,82934],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82936,195],{},[31,82938,82940],{"className":33,"code":82939,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82941,82942,82975],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,82943,82944,82946,82948,82950,82952,82954,82956,82958,82960,82963,82965,82967,82969,82971,82973],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,82945,205],{"class":46},[40,82947,51],{"class":50},[40,82949,55],{"class":54},[40,82951,213],{"class":212},[40,82953,3862],{"class":216},[40,82955,213],{"class":212},[40,82957,62],{"class":54},[40,82959,224],{"class":212},[40,82961,82962],{"class":216},"Banana",[40,82964,213],{"class":212},[40,82966,62],{"class":54},[40,82968,224],{"class":212},[40,82970,78343],{"class":216},[40,82972,213],{"class":212},[40,82974,73],{"class":54},[40,82976,82977,82979,82981,82983,82985,82987],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,82978,101],{"class":84},[40,82980,88],{"class":54},[40,82982,82239],{"class":84},[40,82984,88],{"class":54},[40,82986,253],{"class":91},[40,82988,256],{"class":54},[20,82990,82991],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,82993,82994,82995,82997],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,82996,14609],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[129,82999,36369,83000,36372],{"id":78301},[15,83001,14609],{},[20,83003,606,83004,83006],{},[15,83005,14609],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83008,83009],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[792,83011,83013],{"id":83012},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[31,83015,83017],{"className":33,"code":83016,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83018,83019,83051],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83020,83021,83023,83025,83027,83029,83031,83033,83035,83037,83039,83041,83043,83045,83047,83049],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83022,205],{"class":46},[40,83024,51],{"class":50},[40,83026,55],{"class":54},[40,83028,213],{"class":212},[40,83030,217],{"class":216},[40,83032,213],{"class":212},[40,83034,62],{"class":54},[40,83036,224],{"class":212},[40,83038,227],{"class":216},[40,83040,213],{"class":212},[40,83042,62],{"class":54},[40,83044,224],{"class":212},[40,83046,236],{"class":216},[40,83048,213],{"class":212},[40,83050,73],{"class":54},[40,83052,83053,83055,83057,83059,83061,83063,83065,83067,83069,83071],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,83054,101],{"class":84},[40,83056,88],{"class":54},[40,83058,82239],{"class":84},[40,83060,88],{"class":54},[40,83062,253],{"class":91},[40,83064,62],{"class":54},[40,83066,21340],{"class":8946},[40,83068,51],{"class":50},[40,83070,17],{"class":84},[40,83072,256],{"class":54},[20,83074,111],{},[31,83076,83078],{"className":33,"code":83077,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"elephant\n",[15,83079,83080],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83081,83082],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83083,83077],{"class":46},[20,83085,20532,83086,83089],{},[15,83087,83088],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83091,83092,83093,33390,83095,289],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83094,25],{},[282,83096,83097,5562],{"href":284},[15,83098,25],{},[792,83100,83102],{"id":83101},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[31,83104,83106],{"className":33,"code":83105,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83107,83108,83140],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83109,83110,83112,83114,83116,83118,83120,83122,83124,83126,83128,83130,83132,83134,83136,83138],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83111,205],{"class":46},[40,83113,51],{"class":50},[40,83115,55],{"class":54},[40,83117,213],{"class":212},[40,83119,3862],{"class":216},[40,83121,213],{"class":212},[40,83123,62],{"class":54},[40,83125,224],{"class":212},[40,83127,82962],{"class":216},[40,83129,213],{"class":212},[40,83131,62],{"class":54},[40,83133,224],{"class":212},[40,83135,78343],{"class":216},[40,83137,213],{"class":212},[40,83139,73],{"class":54},[40,83141,83142,83144,83146,83148,83150,83152,83154,83156,83158,83160,83162,83164],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,83143,101],{"class":84},[40,83145,88],{"class":54},[40,83147,82239],{"class":84},[40,83149,88],{"class":54},[40,83151,253],{"class":91},[40,83153,62],{"class":54},[40,83155,21340],{"class":8946},[40,83157,51],{"class":50},[40,83159,3231],{"class":609},[40,83161,289],{"class":54},[40,83163,8410],{"class":24512},[40,83165,256],{"class":54},[20,83167,111],{},[31,83169,83170],{"className":33,"code":82345,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,83171,83172],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83173,83174],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83175,82345],{"class":46},[20,83177,20532,83178,83180],{},[15,83179,78297],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[792,83182,83184],{"id":83183},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83186,83187,83188,2669],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83189,37415],{},[31,83191,83193],{"className":33,"code":83192,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83194,83195,83238],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83196,83197,83199,83201,83203,83205,83207,83209,83211,83213,83216,83218,83220,83222,83225,83227,83229,83231,83234,83236],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83198,479],{"class":46},[40,83200,51],{"class":50},[40,83202,55],{"class":54},[40,83204,213],{"class":212},[40,83206,282],{"class":216},[40,83208,213],{"class":212},[40,83210,62],{"class":54},[40,83212,224],{"class":212},[40,83214,83215],{"class":216},"bb",[40,83217,213],{"class":212},[40,83219,62],{"class":54},[40,83221,224],{"class":212},[40,83223,83224],{"class":216},"cccc",[40,83226,213],{"class":212},[40,83228,62],{"class":54},[40,83230,224],{"class":212},[40,83232,83233],{"class":216},"ddd",[40,83235,213],{"class":212},[40,83237,73],{"class":54},[40,83239,83240,83242,83244,83246,83248,83250,83252,83254,83256,83258,83260,83262,83264,83266,83268],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,83241,101],{"class":84},[40,83243,88],{"class":54},[40,83245,82239],{"class":84},[40,83247,88],{"class":54},[40,83249,497],{"class":91},[40,83251,62],{"class":54},[40,83253,21340],{"class":8946},[40,83255,51],{"class":50},[40,83257,37415],{"class":1848},[40,83259,42593],{"class":37418},[40,83261,2669],{"class":54},[40,83263,85],{"class":84},[40,83265,88],{"class":54},[40,83267,34471],{"class":91},[40,83269,2697],{"class":54},[20,83271,111],{},[31,83273,83275],{"className":33,"code":83274,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"cccc\n",[15,83276,83277],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83278,83279],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83280,83274],{"class":46},[20,83282,49302,83283,4176,83285,83287],{},[15,83284,83088],{},[15,83286,78184],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[129,83289,36369,83291,36372],{"id":83290},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83292,82535],{},[20,83294,606,83295,83297],{},[15,83296,82535],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83299,83300],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[31,83302,83304],{"className":33,"code":83303,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83305,83306,83314],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83307,83308,83310,83312],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83309,47],{"class":46},[40,83311,51],{"class":50},[40,83313,484],{"class":54},[40,83315,83316,83318,83320,83322,83324,83326,83328,83330,83332,83334],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,83317,101],{"class":84},[40,83319,88],{"class":54},[40,83321,82239],{"class":84},[40,83323,88],{"class":54},[40,83325,92],{"class":91},[40,83327,62],{"class":54},[40,83329,26284],{"class":8946},[40,83331,51],{"class":50},[40,83333,192],{"class":58},[40,83335,256],{"class":54},[20,83337,111],{},[31,83339,83340],{"className":33,"code":504,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,83341,83342],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83343,83344],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83345,504],{"class":58},[20,83347,83348],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83350,83351,83352,83354],{},"Without ",[15,83353,82535],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83356,721],{},[31,83358,83360],{"className":33,"code":83359,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83361,83362,83370,83397],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83363,83364,83366,83368],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83365,205],{"class":46},[40,83367,51],{"class":50},[40,83369,484],{"class":54},[40,83371,83372,83374,83376,83378,83380,83382,83384,83386,83388,83390,83393,83395],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,83373,2013],{"class":46},[40,83375,51],{"class":50},[40,83377,82586],{"class":84},[40,83379,88],{"class":54},[40,83381,253],{"class":91},[40,83383,62],{"class":54},[40,83385,26284],{"class":8946},[40,83387,51],{"class":50},[40,83389,213],{"class":212},[40,83391,83392],{"class":216},"no words found",[40,83394,213],{"class":212},[40,83396,95],{"class":54},[40,83398,83399,83401,83403,83405],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,83400,101],{"class":84},[40,83402,88],{"class":54},[40,83404,2048],{"class":91},[40,83406,95],{"class":54},[20,83408,111],{},[31,83410,83412],{"className":33,"code":83411,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"no words found\n",[15,83413,83414],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83415,83416],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83417,83411],{"class":46},[20,83419,83420],{},"Important:",[134,83422,83423,83431],{},[137,83424,83425,83427,83428],{},[15,83426,82535],{}," works with ",[15,83429,83430],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[137,83432,181,83433,83435,83436],{},[183,83434,185],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83437,83438],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[129,83440,47738],{"id":47737},[20,83442,83443,83444,289],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83445,82180],{},[792,83447,83449,83451],{"id":83448},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83450,40459],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83453,83454,83455,45661,83457,289],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83456,82535],{},[15,83458,40459],{},[31,83460,83462],{"className":33,"code":83461,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83463,83464,83472],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83465,83466,83468,83470],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83467,47],{"class":46},[40,83469,51],{"class":50},[40,83471,484],{"class":54},[40,83473,83474,83476,83478,83480,83482,83484],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,83475,101],{"class":84},[40,83477,88],{"class":54},[40,83479,82239],{"class":84},[40,83481,88],{"class":54},[40,83483,92],{"class":91},[40,83485,256],{"class":54},[20,83487,29441],{},[31,83489,83491],{"className":33,"code":83490,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83492,83493],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83494,83495,83497,83499,83501,83503,83506,83508],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83496,40459],{"class":609},[40,83498,2669],{"class":54},[40,83500,82586],{"class":84},[40,83502,7143],{"class":54},[40,83504,83505],{"class":46}," arg ",[40,83507,11963],{"class":50},[40,83509,83510],{"class":46}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83512,83513,83514,2669],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83515,82535],{},[31,83517,83519],{"className":33,"code":83518,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83520,83521,83529],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83522,83523,83525,83527],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83524,47],{"class":46},[40,83526,51],{"class":50},[40,83528,484],{"class":54},[40,83530,83531,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545,83547,83549],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,83532,101],{"class":84},[40,83534,88],{"class":54},[40,83536,82239],{"class":84},[40,83538,88],{"class":54},[40,83540,92],{"class":91},[40,83542,62],{"class":54},[40,83544,26284],{"class":8946},[40,83546,51],{"class":50},[40,83548,3565],{"class":1494},[40,83550,256],{"class":54},[20,83552,83553,83554,289],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[282,83555,65576],{"href":72477},[792,83557,83559,83561],{"id":83558},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83560,2790],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83563,83564,83565,289],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83566,2790],{},[31,83568,83570],{"className":33,"code":83569,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83571,83572,83596],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83573,83574,83576,83578,83580,83582,83584,83586,83588,83590,83592,83594],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83575,479],{"class":46},[40,83577,51],{"class":50},[40,83579,55],{"class":54},[40,83581,59],{"class":58},[40,83583,62],{"class":54},[40,83585,224],{"class":212},[40,83587,15521],{"class":216},[40,83589,213],{"class":212},[40,83591,62],{"class":54},[40,83593,70],{"class":58},[40,83595,73],{"class":54},[40,83597,83598,83600,83602,83604,83606,83608],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,83599,101],{"class":84},[40,83601,88],{"class":54},[40,83603,82239],{"class":84},[40,83605,88],{"class":54},[40,83607,497],{"class":91},[40,83609,256],{"class":54},[20,83611,83612],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83614,83615],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[31,83617,83619],{"className":33,"code":83618,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83620,83621,83641],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83622,83623,83625,83627,83629,83631,83633,83635,83637,83639],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83624,479],{"class":46},[40,83626,51],{"class":50},[40,83628,55],{"class":54},[40,83630,59],{"class":58},[40,83632,62],{"class":54},[40,83634,65],{"class":58},[40,83636,62],{"class":54},[40,83638,70],{"class":58},[40,83640,73],{"class":54},[40,83642,83643,83645,83647,83649,83651,83653],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,83644,101],{"class":84},[40,83646,88],{"class":54},[40,83648,82239],{"class":84},[40,83650,88],{"class":54},[40,83652,497],{"class":91},[40,83654,256],{"class":54},[20,83656,83657,83658,289],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[282,83659,83661],{"href":83660},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[792,83663,83665,83667],{"id":83664},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83666,2790],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83669,83670,83672],{},[15,83671,82180],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[31,83674,83676],{"className":33,"code":83675,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(max())\n",[15,83677,83678],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83679,83680,83682,83684,83686],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83681,101],{"class":84},[40,83683,88],{"class":54},[40,83685,82239],{"class":84},[40,83687,847],{"class":54},[20,83689,2787,83690,289],{},[15,83691,2790],{},[129,83693,83695,10355,83697],{"id":83694},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83696,82180],{},[15,83698,74023],{},[20,83700,83701],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83703,83704,2669],{},[15,83705,82180],{},[134,83707,83708],{},[137,83709,83710],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83712,83713,2669],{},[15,83714,74023],{},[134,83716,83717],{},[137,83718,83719],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83721,195],{},[31,83723,83725],{"className":33,"code":83724,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83726,83727,83751,83755,83769],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83728,83729,83731,83733,83735,83737,83739,83741,83743,83745,83747,83749],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83730,47],{"class":46},[40,83732,51],{"class":50},[40,83734,55],{"class":54},[40,83736,401],{"class":58},[40,83738,62],{"class":54},[40,83740,6137],{"class":58},[40,83742,62],{"class":54},[40,83744,663],{"class":58},[40,83746,62],{"class":54},[40,83748,4387],{"class":58},[40,83750,73],{"class":54},[40,83752,83753],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,83754,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,83756,83757,83759,83761,83763,83765,83767],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,83758,101],{"class":84},[40,83760,88],{"class":54},[40,83762,82239],{"class":84},[40,83764,88],{"class":54},[40,83766,92],{"class":91},[40,83768,256],{"class":54},[40,83770,83771,83773,83775,83777,83779,83781],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,83772,101],{"class":84},[40,83774,88],{"class":54},[40,83776,74113],{"class":84},[40,83778,88],{"class":54},[40,83780,92],{"class":91},[40,83782,256],{"class":54},[20,83784,111],{},[31,83786,83788],{"className":33,"code":83787,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83789,83790,83794],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83791,83792],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83793,2165],{"class":58},[40,83795,83796,83798,83800,83802,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,83797,565],{"class":54},[40,83799,744],{"class":58},[40,83801,62],{"class":54},[40,83803,749],{"class":58},[40,83805,62],{"class":54},[40,83807,4387],{"class":58},[40,83809,62],{"class":54},[40,83811,6137],{"class":58},[40,83813,73],{"class":54},[20,83815,123,83816,83818],{},[15,83817,82180],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83820,123,83821,83825],{},[282,83822,83823],{"href":74120},[15,83824,74023],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83827,83828,83829,289],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[282,83830,83832],{"href":83831},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83833,83834],{},"min()",[129,83836,2613],{"id":2612},[20,83838,83839],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[134,83841,83842,83849,83852,83857,83860],{},[137,83843,29410,83844,83846,83847],{},[15,83845,82180],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83848,82535],{},[137,83850,83851],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[137,83853,8223,83854,83856],{},[15,83855,82180],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[137,83858,83859],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[137,83861,795,83862,83864],{},[15,83863,82535],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83866,10882],{},[31,83868,83870],{"className":33,"code":83869,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83871,83872,83882,83896,83910,83924,83946],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,83873,83874,83876,83878,83880],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,83875,101],{"class":84},[40,83877,88],{"class":54},[40,83879,497],{"class":91},[40,83881,95],{"class":54},[40,83883,83884,83886,83888,83890,83892,83894],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,83885,101],{"class":84},[40,83887,88],{"class":54},[40,83889,1297],{"class":609},[40,83891,88],{"class":54},[40,83893,497],{"class":91},[40,83895,256],{"class":54},[40,83897,83898,83900,83902,83904,83906,83908],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,83899,101],{"class":84},[40,83901,88],{"class":54},[40,83903,17],{"class":84},[40,83905,88],{"class":54},[40,83907,497],{"class":91},[40,83909,256],{"class":54},[40,83911,83912,83914,83916,83918,83920,83922],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,83913,101],{"class":84},[40,83915,88],{"class":54},[40,83917,82239],{"class":84},[40,83919,88],{"class":54},[40,83921,497],{"class":91},[40,83923,256],{"class":54},[40,83925,83926,83928,83930,83932,83934,83936,83938,83940,83942,83944],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,83927,101],{"class":84},[40,83929,88],{"class":54},[40,83931,82239],{"class":84},[40,83933,88],{"class":54},[40,83935,497],{"class":91},[40,83937,62],{"class":54},[40,83939,26284],{"class":8946},[40,83941,51],{"class":50},[40,83943,3565],{"class":1494},[40,83945,256],{"class":54},[40,83947,83948,83950,83952,83954,83956,83958,83960,83962,83964,83966,83968],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,83949,101],{"class":84},[40,83951,2771],{"class":54},[40,83953,1297],{"class":609},[40,83955,88],{"class":54},[40,83957,1957],{"class":91},[40,83959,18],{"class":54},[40,83961,3663],{"class":535},[40,83963,3666],{"class":91},[40,83965,1554],{"class":535},[40,83967,5742],{"class":91},[40,83969,570],{"class":54},[20,83971,83972],{},"These are useful for checking:",[134,83974,83975,83980,83985,83988],{},[137,83976,83977,83978],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,83979,497],{},[137,83981,79350,83982,83984],{},[15,83983,497],{}," is a list or some other type",[137,83986,83987],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[137,83989,83990],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,83992,1337,83993,83996,83997,83999],{},[15,83994,83995],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,83998,497],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[129,84001,1636],{"id":1635},[792,84003,1650,84005,4923],{"id":84004},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84006,82180],{},[20,84008,84009],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[792,84011,4947,84013,84015],{"id":84012},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84014,82180],{}," work with strings?",[20,84017,84018],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[792,84020,71245],{"id":71244},[20,84022,84023,52242,84025,84027,84028,84030],{},[15,84024,82180],{},[15,84026,40459],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84029,82535],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[792,84032,84034,84035,2275],{"id":84033},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84036,82180],{},[20,84038,123,84039,2669],{},[15,84040,83088],{},[31,84042,84043],{"className":33,"code":83016,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,84044,84045,84077],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84046,84047,84049,84051,84053,84055,84057,84059,84061,84063,84065,84067,84069,84071,84073,84075],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84048,205],{"class":46},[40,84050,51],{"class":50},[40,84052,55],{"class":54},[40,84054,213],{"class":212},[40,84056,217],{"class":216},[40,84058,213],{"class":212},[40,84060,62],{"class":54},[40,84062,224],{"class":212},[40,84064,227],{"class":216},[40,84066,213],{"class":212},[40,84068,62],{"class":54},[40,84070,224],{"class":212},[40,84072,236],{"class":216},[40,84074,213],{"class":212},[40,84076,73],{"class":54},[40,84078,84079,84081,84083,84085,84087,84089,84091,84093,84095,84097],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,84080,101],{"class":84},[40,84082,88],{"class":54},[40,84084,82239],{"class":84},[40,84086,88],{"class":54},[40,84088,253],{"class":91},[40,84090,62],{"class":54},[40,84092,21340],{"class":8946},[40,84094,51],{"class":50},[40,84096,17],{"class":84},[40,84098,256],{"class":54},[792,84100,4957,84102,4176,84104,2275],{"id":84101},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84103,82180],{},[15,84105,74023],{},[20,84107,84108,84110,84111,84113],{},[15,84109,82180],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84112,74023],{}," returns all items in order.",[129,84115,1687],{"id":1686},[134,84117,84118,84124,84130,84136,84140,84144],{},[137,84119,84120],{},[282,84121,84122,288],{"href":83831},[15,84123,83834],{},[137,84125,84126],{},[282,84127,84128,288],{"href":74120},[15,84129,74023],{},[137,84131,84132],{},[282,84133,84134,288],{"href":284},[15,84135,25],{},[137,84137,84138],{},[282,84139,58698],{"href":58697},[137,84141,84142],{},[282,84143,65576],{"href":72477},[137,84145,84146],{},[282,84147,83661],{"href":83660},[1715,84149,84150],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":84152},[84153,84154,84156,84157,84159,84161,84163,84168,84170,84178,84180,84181,84192],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":82370,"depth":76,"text":84155},"What max() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":82539,"depth":76,"text":84158},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82709,"depth":76,"text":84160},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82844,"depth":76,"text":84162},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78301,"depth":76,"text":79499,"children":84164},[84165,84166,84167],{"id":83012,"depth":98,"text":83013},{"id":83101,"depth":98,"text":83102},{"id":83183,"depth":98,"text":83184},{"id":83290,"depth":76,"text":84169},"Using the default argument",{"id":47737,"depth":76,"text":47738,"children":84171},[84172,84174,84176],{"id":83448,"depth":98,"text":84173},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83558,"depth":98,"text":84175},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83664,"depth":98,"text":84177},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83694,"depth":76,"text":84179},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":84182},[84183,84185,84187,84188,84190],{"id":84004,"depth":98,"text":84184},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84012,"depth":98,"text":84186},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71244,"depth":98,"text":71245},{"id":84033,"depth":98,"text":84189},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84101,"depth":98,"text":84191},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82172,"description":84193},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84200,"title":84201,"body":84202,"description":86156,"extension":1746,"meta":86157,"navigation":360,"path":86158,"seo":86159,"stem":86160,"__hash__":86161},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84203,"toc":86113},[84204,84209,84214,84220,84222,84296,84298,84311,84316,84321,84337,84341,84346,84422,84428,84431,84474,84476,84484,84490,84493,84524,84526,84534,84540,84545,84604,84606,84615,84618,84628,84634,84639,84674,84676,84684,84690,84696,84701,84745,84747,84756,84759,84799,84801,84810,84813,84825,84830,84835,84886,84888,84897,84900,84951,84953,84962,84965,84972,84978,84983,84985,85000,85004,85064,85066,85075,85079,85251,85253,85290,85297,85303,85306,85333,85335,85356,85361,85396,85398,85406,85409,85412,85428,85433,85435,85439,85445,85449,85476,85479,85489,85529,85533,85536,85579,85581,85590,85593,85598,85667,85669,85677,85682,85686,85689,85740,85742,85750,85753,85816,85818,85826,85829,85834,85838,85851,85858,85866,85868,85870,85900,85906,86007,86017,86019,86024,86027,86032,86035,86037,86045,86053,86061,86068,86076,86078,86110],[10,84205,285,84207,3366],{"id":84206},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84208,83834],{},[20,84210,84211,84213],{},[15,84212,83834],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84215,84216,84217,84219],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84218,83834],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[129,84221,1787],{"id":1786},[31,84223,84225],{"className":33,"code":84224,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84226,84227,84251,84266,84270],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84228,84229,84231,84233,84235,84237,84239,84241,84243,84245,84247,84249],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84230,47],{"class":46},[40,84232,51],{"class":50},[40,84234,55],{"class":54},[40,84236,682],{"class":58},[40,84238,62],{"class":54},[40,84240,663],{"class":58},[40,84242,62],{"class":54},[40,84244,53879],{"class":58},[40,84246,62],{"class":54},[40,84248,1226],{"class":58},[40,84250,73],{"class":54},[40,84252,84253,84255,84257,84260,84262,84264],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,84254,101],{"class":84},[40,84256,88],{"class":54},[40,84258,84259],{"class":84},"min",[40,84261,88],{"class":54},[40,84263,92],{"class":91},[40,84265,256],{"class":54},[40,84267,84268],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,84269,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,84271,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284,84286,84288,84290,84292,84294],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,84273,101],{"class":84},[40,84275,88],{"class":54},[40,84277,84259],{"class":84},[40,84279,88],{"class":54},[40,84281,682],{"class":58},[40,84283,62],{"class":54},[40,84285,663],{"class":58},[40,84287,62],{"class":54},[40,84289,53879],{"class":58},[40,84291,62],{"class":54},[40,84293,1226],{"class":58},[40,84295,256],{"class":54},[20,84297,111],{},[31,84299,84301],{"className":33,"code":84300,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1\n1\n",[15,84302,84303,84307],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84304,84305],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84306,46669],{"class":58},[40,84308,84309],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,84310,46669],{"class":58},[20,84312,123,84313,84315],{},[15,84314,83834],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[129,84317,158,84319,3466],{"id":84318},"what-min-does",[15,84320,83834],{},[134,84322,84323,84328,84331,84334],{},[137,84324,84325,84327],{},[15,84326,83834],{}," returns the smallest item",[137,84329,84330],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[137,84332,84333],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[137,84335,84336],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[129,84338,84340],{"id":84339},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84342,84343,84344,2669],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84345,83834],{},[31,84347,84349],{"className":33,"code":84348,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84350,84351,84361,84386,84404],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84352,84353,84355,84357,84359],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84354,84259],{"class":84},[40,84356,88],{"class":54},[40,84358,3507],{"class":91},[40,84360,95],{"class":54},[40,84362,84363,84365,84367,84370,84372,84375,84377,84380,84382,84384],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,84364,84259],{"class":84},[40,84366,88],{"class":54},[40,84368,84369],{"class":91},"value1",[40,84371,62],{"class":54},[40,84373,84374],{"class":91}," value2",[40,84376,62],{"class":54},[40,84378,84379],{"class":91}," value3",[40,84381,62],{"class":54},[40,84383,34216],{"class":84},[40,84385,95],{"class":54},[40,84387,84388,84390,84392,84394,84396,84398,84400,84402],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,84389,84259],{"class":84},[40,84391,88],{"class":54},[40,84393,3507],{"class":91},[40,84395,62],{"class":54},[40,84397,21340],{"class":8946},[40,84399,51],{"class":50},[40,84401,37127],{"class":84},[40,84403,95],{"class":54},[40,84405,84406,84408,84410,84412,84414,84416,84418,84420],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,84407,84259],{"class":84},[40,84409,88],{"class":54},[40,84411,3507],{"class":91},[40,84413,62],{"class":54},[40,84415,26284],{"class":8946},[40,84417,51],{"class":50},[40,84419,37127],{"class":84},[40,84421,95],{"class":54},[792,84423,84425],{"id":84424},"miniterable",[15,84426,84427],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84429,84430],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[31,84432,84434],{"className":33,"code":84433,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84435,84436,84460],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84437,84438,84440,84442,84444,84446,84448,84450,84452,84454,84456,84458],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84439,47],{"class":46},[40,84441,51],{"class":50},[40,84443,55],{"class":54},[40,84445,2129],{"class":58},[40,84447,62],{"class":54},[40,84449,749],{"class":58},[40,84451,62],{"class":54},[40,84453,30703],{"class":58},[40,84455,62],{"class":54},[40,84457,1226],{"class":58},[40,84459,73],{"class":54},[40,84461,84462,84464,84466,84468,84470,84472],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,84463,101],{"class":84},[40,84465,88],{"class":54},[40,84467,84259],{"class":84},[40,84469,88],{"class":54},[40,84471,92],{"class":91},[40,84473,256],{"class":54},[20,84475,111],{},[31,84477,84478],{"className":33,"code":46669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,84479,84480],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84481,84482],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84483,46669],{"class":58},[792,84485,84487],{"id":84486},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84488,84489],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84491,84492],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[31,84494,84496],{"className":33,"code":84495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84497,84498],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84499,84500,84502,84504,84506,84508,84510,84512,84514,84516,84518,84520,84522],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84501,101],{"class":84},[40,84503,88],{"class":54},[40,84505,84259],{"class":84},[40,84507,88],{"class":54},[40,84509,2129],{"class":58},[40,84511,62],{"class":54},[40,84513,749],{"class":58},[40,84515,62],{"class":54},[40,84517,30703],{"class":58},[40,84519,62],{"class":54},[40,84521,1226],{"class":58},[40,84523,256],{"class":54},[20,84525,111],{},[31,84527,84528],{"className":33,"code":46669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,84529,84530],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84531,84532],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84533,46669],{"class":58},[792,84535,84537],{"id":84536},"miniterable-key",[15,84538,84539],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84541,123,84542,84544],{},[15,84543,14609],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[31,84546,84548],{"className":33,"code":84547,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84549,84550,84582],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84551,84552,84554,84556,84558,84560,84562,84564,84566,84568,84570,84572,84574,84576,84578,84580],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84553,205],{"class":46},[40,84555,51],{"class":50},[40,84557,55],{"class":54},[40,84559,213],{"class":212},[40,84561,78343],{"class":216},[40,84563,213],{"class":212},[40,84565,62],{"class":54},[40,84567,224],{"class":212},[40,84569,38097],{"class":216},[40,84571,213],{"class":212},[40,84573,62],{"class":54},[40,84575,224],{"class":212},[40,84577,3871],{"class":216},[40,84579,213],{"class":212},[40,84581,73],{"class":54},[40,84583,84584,84586,84588,84590,84592,84594,84596,84598,84600,84602],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,84585,101],{"class":84},[40,84587,88],{"class":54},[40,84589,84259],{"class":84},[40,84591,88],{"class":54},[40,84593,253],{"class":91},[40,84595,62],{"class":54},[40,84597,21340],{"class":8946},[40,84599,51],{"class":50},[40,84601,17],{"class":84},[40,84603,256],{"class":54},[20,84605,111],{},[31,84607,84609],{"className":33,"code":84608,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"kiwi\n",[15,84610,84611],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84612,84613],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84614,84608],{"class":46},[20,84616,84617],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84619,84620,84621,84623,84624,289],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84622,25],{},", see the ",[282,84625,84626,288],{"href":284},[15,84627,25],{},[792,84629,84631],{"id":84630},"miniterable-default",[15,84632,84633],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84635,123,84636,84638],{},[15,84637,82535],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[31,84640,84642],{"className":33,"code":84641,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84643,84644,84652],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84645,84646,84648,84650],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84647,47],{"class":46},[40,84649,51],{"class":50},[40,84651,484],{"class":54},[40,84653,84654,84656,84658,84660,84662,84664,84666,84668,84670,84672],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,84655,101],{"class":84},[40,84657,88],{"class":54},[40,84659,84259],{"class":84},[40,84661,88],{"class":54},[40,84663,92],{"class":91},[40,84665,62],{"class":54},[40,84667,26284],{"class":8946},[40,84669,51],{"class":50},[40,84671,192],{"class":58},[40,84673,256],{"class":54},[20,84675,111],{},[31,84677,84678],{"className":33,"code":504,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,84679,84680],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84681,84682],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84683,504],{"class":58},[20,84685,84686,84687,84689],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84688,40459],{}," when there is no item to return.",[129,84691,795,84693,84695],{"id":84692},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84694,83834],{}," with numbers",[20,84697,84698,84700],{},[15,84699,83834],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[31,84702,84704],{"className":33,"code":84703,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84705,84706,84731],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84707,84708,84710,84712,84714,84716,84718,84721,84723,84725,84727,84729],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84709,4842],{"class":46},[40,84711,51],{"class":50},[40,84713,55],{"class":54},[40,84715,51257],{"class":58},[40,84717,62],{"class":54},[40,84719,84720],{"class":58}," 72",[40,84722,62],{"class":54},[40,84724,28666],{"class":58},[40,84726,62],{"class":54},[40,84728,75699],{"class":58},[40,84730,73],{"class":54},[40,84732,84733,84735,84737,84739,84741,84743],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,84734,101],{"class":84},[40,84736,88],{"class":54},[40,84738,84259],{"class":84},[40,84740,88],{"class":54},[40,84742,16156],{"class":91},[40,84744,256],{"class":54},[20,84746,111],{},[31,84748,84750],{"className":33,"code":84749,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"60\n",[15,84751,84752],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84753,84754],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84755,84749],{"class":58},[20,84757,84758],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[31,84760,84762],{"className":33,"code":84761,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84763,84764,84785],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84765,84766,84768,84770,84772,84774,84776,84779,84781,84783],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84767,82647],{"class":46},[40,84769,51],{"class":50},[40,84771,55],{"class":54},[40,84773,40153],{"class":58},[40,84775,62],{"class":54},[40,84777,84778],{"class":58}," 5.49",[40,84780,62],{"class":54},[40,84782,82663],{"class":58},[40,84784,73],{"class":54},[40,84786,84787,84789,84791,84793,84795,84797],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,84788,101],{"class":84},[40,84790,88],{"class":54},[40,84792,84259],{"class":84},[40,84794,88],{"class":54},[40,84796,82683],{"class":91},[40,84798,256],{"class":54},[20,84800,111],{},[31,84802,84804],{"className":33,"code":84803,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"5.49\n",[15,84805,84806],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84807,84808],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84809,84803],{"class":58},[20,84811,84812],{},"This is useful for things like:",[134,84814,84815,84817,84819,84822],{},[137,84816,16156],{},[137,84818,82683],{},[137,84820,84821],{},"measurements",[137,84823,84824],{},"ages",[129,84826,795,84828,46811],{"id":84827},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84829,83834],{},[20,84831,84832,84834],{},[15,84833,83834],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[31,84836,84838],{"className":33,"code":84837,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84839,84840,84872],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84841,84842,84844,84846,84848,84850,84852,84854,84856,84858,84860,84862,84864,84866,84868,84870],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84843,205],{"class":46},[40,84845,51],{"class":50},[40,84847,55],{"class":54},[40,84849,213],{"class":212},[40,84851,3871],{"class":216},[40,84853,213],{"class":212},[40,84855,62],{"class":54},[40,84857,224],{"class":212},[40,84859,3862],{"class":216},[40,84861,213],{"class":212},[40,84863,62],{"class":54},[40,84865,224],{"class":212},[40,84867,3880],{"class":216},[40,84869,213],{"class":212},[40,84871,73],{"class":54},[40,84873,84874,84876,84878,84880,84882,84884],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,84875,101],{"class":84},[40,84877,88],{"class":54},[40,84879,84259],{"class":84},[40,84881,88],{"class":54},[40,84883,253],{"class":91},[40,84885,256],{"class":54},[20,84887,111],{},[31,84889,84891],{"className":33,"code":84890,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"apple\n",[15,84892,84893],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84894,84895],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84896,84890],{"class":46},[20,84898,84899],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[31,84901,84903],{"className":33,"code":84902,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84904,84905,84937],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84906,84907,84909,84911,84913,84915,84917,84919,84921,84923,84925,84927,84929,84931,84933,84935],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84908,205],{"class":46},[40,84910,51],{"class":50},[40,84912,55],{"class":54},[40,84914,213],{"class":212},[40,84916,3871],{"class":216},[40,84918,213],{"class":212},[40,84920,62],{"class":54},[40,84922,224],{"class":212},[40,84924,57511],{"class":216},[40,84926,213],{"class":212},[40,84928,62],{"class":54},[40,84930,224],{"class":212},[40,84932,3880],{"class":216},[40,84934,213],{"class":212},[40,84936,73],{"class":54},[40,84938,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,84940,101],{"class":84},[40,84942,88],{"class":54},[40,84944,84259],{"class":84},[40,84946,88],{"class":54},[40,84948,253],{"class":91},[40,84950,256],{"class":54},[20,84952,111],{},[31,84954,84956],{"className":33,"code":84955,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Apple\n",[15,84957,84958],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,84959,84960],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,84961,84955],{"class":46},[20,84963,84964],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,84966,84967,84968,289],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[282,84969,84970,5562],{"href":74120},[15,84971,74023],{},[129,84973,795,84975,84977],{"id":84974},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,84976,83834],{}," with a key function",[20,84979,606,84980,84982],{},[15,84981,14609],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,84984,11228],{},[134,84986,84987,84992,84997],{},[137,84988,84989,84991],{},[15,84990,14609],{}," changes the comparison rule",[137,84993,84994,84996],{},[15,84995,83834],{}," still returns the original item",[137,84998,84999],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[792,85001,85003],{"id":85002},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[31,85005,85007],{"className":33,"code":85006,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85008,85009,85042],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85010,85011,85013,85015,85017,85019,85021,85023,85025,85027,85029,85031,85033,85035,85038,85040],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85012,205],{"class":46},[40,85014,51],{"class":50},[40,85016,55],{"class":54},[40,85018,213],{"class":212},[40,85020,227],{"class":216},[40,85022,213],{"class":212},[40,85024,62],{"class":54},[40,85026,224],{"class":212},[40,85028,217],{"class":216},[40,85030,213],{"class":212},[40,85032,62],{"class":54},[40,85034,224],{"class":212},[40,85036,85037],{"class":216},"giraffe",[40,85039,213],{"class":212},[40,85041,73],{"class":54},[40,85043,85044,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054,85056,85058,85060,85062],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,85045,101],{"class":84},[40,85047,88],{"class":54},[40,85049,84259],{"class":84},[40,85051,88],{"class":54},[40,85053,253],{"class":91},[40,85055,62],{"class":54},[40,85057,21340],{"class":8946},[40,85059,51],{"class":50},[40,85061,17],{"class":84},[40,85063,256],{"class":54},[20,85065,111],{},[31,85067,85069],{"className":33,"code":85068,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"cat\n",[15,85070,85071],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85072,85073],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85074,85068],{"class":46},[792,85076,85078],{"id":85077},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[31,85080,85082],{"className":33,"code":85081,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85083,85084,85094,85129,85161,85193,85197,85201,85240],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85085,85086,85089,85091],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85087,85088],{"class":46},"students ",[40,85090,51],{"class":50},[40,85092,85093],{"class":54}," [\n",[40,85095,85096,85099,85101,85103,85105,85107,85109,85111,85113,85115,85117,85120,85122,85124,85126],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,85097,85098],{"class":54},"    {",[40,85100,213],{"class":212},[40,85102,7446],{"class":216},[40,85104,213],{"class":212},[40,85106,2669],{"class":54},[40,85108,224],{"class":212},[40,85110,1517],{"class":216},[40,85112,213],{"class":212},[40,85114,62],{"class":54},[40,85116,224],{"class":212},[40,85118,85119],{"class":216},"score",[40,85121,213],{"class":212},[40,85123,2669],{"class":54},[40,85125,13274],{"class":58},[40,85127,85128],{"class":54},"},\n",[40,85130,85131,85133,85135,85137,85139,85141,85143,85145,85147,85149,85151,85153,85155,85157,85159],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,85132,85098],{"class":54},[40,85134,213],{"class":212},[40,85136,7446],{"class":216},[40,85138,213],{"class":212},[40,85140,2669],{"class":54},[40,85142,224],{"class":212},[40,85144,1526],{"class":216},[40,85146,213],{"class":212},[40,85148,62],{"class":54},[40,85150,224],{"class":212},[40,85152,85119],{"class":216},[40,85154,213],{"class":212},[40,85156,2669],{"class":54},[40,85158,84720],{"class":58},[40,85160,85128],{"class":54},[40,85162,85163,85165,85167,85169,85171,85173,85175,85177,85179,85181,85183,85185,85187,85189,85191],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,85164,85098],{"class":54},[40,85166,213],{"class":212},[40,85168,7446],{"class":216},[40,85170,213],{"class":212},[40,85172,2669],{"class":54},[40,85174,224],{"class":212},[40,85176,1535],{"class":216},[40,85178,213],{"class":212},[40,85180,62],{"class":54},[40,85182,224],{"class":212},[40,85184,85119],{"class":216},[40,85186,213],{"class":212},[40,85188,2669],{"class":54},[40,85190,19659],{"class":58},[40,85192,9079],{"class":54},[40,85194,85195],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,85196,73],{"class":54},[40,85198,85199],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,85200,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,85202,85203,85206,85208,85211,85213,85216,85218,85220,85222,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234,85236,85238],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,85204,85205],{"class":46},"lowest ",[40,85207,51],{"class":50},[40,85209,85210],{"class":84}," min",[40,85212,88],{"class":54},[40,85214,85215],{"class":91},"students",[40,85217,62],{"class":54},[40,85219,21340],{"class":8946},[40,85221,51],{"class":50},[40,85223,37415],{"class":1848},[40,85225,12675],{"class":37418},[40,85227,2669],{"class":54},[40,85229,12675],{"class":91},[40,85231,565],{"class":54},[40,85233,213],{"class":212},[40,85235,85119],{"class":216},[40,85237,213],{"class":212},[40,85239,570],{"class":54},[40,85241,85242,85244,85246,85249],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,85243,101],{"class":84},[40,85245,88],{"class":54},[40,85247,85248],{"class":91},"lowest",[40,85250,95],{"class":54},[20,85252,111],{},[31,85254,85256],{"className":33,"code":85255,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85257,85258],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85259,85260,85262,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282,85284,85286,85288],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85261,9048],{"class":54},[40,85263,3087],{"class":212},[40,85265,7446],{"class":216},[40,85267,3087],{"class":212},[40,85269,2669],{"class":54},[40,85271,3082],{"class":212},[40,85273,1526],{"class":216},[40,85275,3087],{"class":212},[40,85277,62],{"class":54},[40,85279,3082],{"class":212},[40,85281,85119],{"class":216},[40,85283,3087],{"class":212},[40,85285,2669],{"class":54},[40,85287,84720],{"class":58},[40,85289,9079],{"class":54},[20,85291,85292,85293,85296],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85294,85295],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[129,85298,795,85300,85302],{"id":85299},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85301,82535],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85304,85305],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[31,85307,85309],{"className":33,"code":85308,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85310,85311,85319],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85312,85313,85315,85317],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85314,47],{"class":46},[40,85316,51],{"class":50},[40,85318,484],{"class":54},[40,85320,85321,85323,85325,85327,85329,85331],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,85322,101],{"class":84},[40,85324,88],{"class":54},[40,85326,84259],{"class":84},[40,85328,88],{"class":54},[40,85330,92],{"class":91},[40,85332,256],{"class":54},[20,85334,111],{},[31,85336,85338],{"className":33,"code":85337,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85339,85340],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85341,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85343,40459],{"class":609},[40,85345,2669],{"class":54},[40,85347,85210],{"class":84},[40,85349,7143],{"class":54},[40,85351,83505],{"class":46},[40,85353,11963],{"class":50},[40,85355,83510],{"class":46},[20,85357,85358,85359,2669],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85360,82535],{},[31,85362,85364],{"className":33,"code":85363,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85365,85366,85374],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85367,85368,85370,85372],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85369,47],{"class":46},[40,85371,51],{"class":50},[40,85373,484],{"class":54},[40,85375,85376,85378,85380,85382,85384,85386,85388,85390,85392,85394],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,85377,101],{"class":84},[40,85379,88],{"class":54},[40,85381,84259],{"class":84},[40,85383,88],{"class":54},[40,85385,92],{"class":91},[40,85387,62],{"class":54},[40,85389,26284],{"class":8946},[40,85391,51],{"class":50},[40,85393,3565],{"class":1494},[40,85395,256],{"class":54},[20,85397,111],{},[31,85399,85400],{"className":33,"code":11577,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,85401,85402],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85403,85404],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85405,11577],{"class":1494},[20,85407,85408],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85410,85411],{},"Remember:",[134,85413,85414,85422],{},[137,85415,85416,85418,85419,85421],{},[15,85417,82535],{}," works only when ",[15,85420,83834],{}," gets one iterable argument",[137,85423,85424,85425],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85426,85427],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85429,85430,85431,289],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[282,85432,65576],{"href":72477},[129,85434,10514],{"id":10513},[20,85436,56518,85437,289],{},[15,85438,83834],{},[792,85440,85442,85443],{"id":85441},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85444,82535],{},[20,85446,2787,85447,2669],{},[15,85448,40459],{},[31,85450,85452],{"className":33,"code":85451,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85453,85454,85462],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85455,85456,85458,85460],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85457,479],{"class":46},[40,85459,51],{"class":50},[40,85461,484],{"class":54},[40,85463,85464,85466,85468,85470,85472,85474],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,85465,101],{"class":84},[40,85467,88],{"class":54},[40,85469,84259],{"class":84},[40,85471,88],{"class":54},[40,85473,497],{"class":91},[40,85475,256],{"class":54},[20,85477,85478],{},"Fix it by:",[134,85480,85481,85484],{},[137,85482,85483],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[137,85485,85486,85487],{},"or using ",[15,85488,82535],{},[31,85490,85492],{"className":33,"code":85491,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85493,85494,85502],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85495,85496,85498,85500],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85497,479],{"class":46},[40,85499,51],{"class":50},[40,85501,484],{"class":54},[40,85503,85504,85506,85508,85510,85512,85514,85516,85518,85520,85522,85525,85527],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,85505,101],{"class":84},[40,85507,88],{"class":54},[40,85509,84259],{"class":84},[40,85511,88],{"class":54},[40,85513,497],{"class":91},[40,85515,62],{"class":54},[40,85517,26284],{"class":8946},[40,85519,51],{"class":50},[40,85521,213],{"class":212},[40,85523,85524],{"class":216},"no items",[40,85526,213],{"class":212},[40,85528,256],{"class":54},[792,85530,85532],{"id":85531},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85534,85535],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[31,85537,85539],{"className":33,"code":85538,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85540,85541,85565],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85542,85543,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559,85561,85563],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85544,650],{"class":46},[40,85546,51],{"class":50},[40,85548,55],{"class":54},[40,85550,59],{"class":58},[40,85552,62],{"class":54},[40,85554,224],{"class":212},[40,85556,15521],{"class":216},[40,85558,213],{"class":212},[40,85560,62],{"class":54},[40,85562,4387],{"class":58},[40,85564,73],{"class":54},[40,85566,85567,85569,85571,85573,85575,85577],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,85568,101],{"class":84},[40,85570,88],{"class":54},[40,85572,84259],{"class":84},[40,85574,88],{"class":54},[40,85576,703],{"class":91},[40,85578,256],{"class":54},[20,85580,111],{},[31,85582,85584],{"className":33,"code":85583,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"TypeError\n",[15,85585,85586],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85587,85588],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85589,85583],{"class":609},[20,85591,85592],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85594,85595,85596,289],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85597,83834],{},[31,85599,85601],{"className":33,"code":85600,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85602,85603,85627,85653],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85604,85605,85607,85609,85611,85613,85615,85617,85619,85621,85623,85625],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85606,650],{"class":46},[40,85608,51],{"class":50},[40,85610,55],{"class":54},[40,85612,59],{"class":58},[40,85614,62],{"class":54},[40,85616,224],{"class":212},[40,85618,15521],{"class":216},[40,85620,213],{"class":212},[40,85622,62],{"class":54},[40,85624,4387],{"class":58},[40,85626,73],{"class":54},[40,85628,85629,85631,85633,85635,85637,85639,85641,85643,85645,85647,85649,85651],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,85630,47],{"class":46},[40,85632,51],{"class":50},[40,85634,55],{"class":54},[40,85636,1972],{"class":609},[40,85638,88],{"class":54},[40,85640,1957],{"class":91},[40,85642,18],{"class":54},[40,85644,3663],{"class":535},[40,85646,3666],{"class":46},[40,85648,1554],{"class":535},[40,85650,14334],{"class":46},[40,85652,73],{"class":54},[40,85654,85655,85657,85659,85661,85663,85665],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,85656,101],{"class":84},[40,85658,88],{"class":54},[40,85660,84259],{"class":84},[40,85662,88],{"class":54},[40,85664,92],{"class":91},[40,85666,256],{"class":54},[20,85668,111],{},[31,85670,85671],{"className":33,"code":2732,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,85672,85673],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85674,85675],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85676,2732],{"class":58},[20,85678,85679,85680,289],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85681,2790],{},[792,85683,85685],{"id":85684},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85687,85688],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[31,85690,85692],{"className":33,"code":85691,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85693,85694,85726],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85695,85696,85698,85700,85702,85704,85706,85708,85710,85712,85714,85716,85718,85720,85722,85724],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85697,205],{"class":46},[40,85699,51],{"class":50},[40,85701,55],{"class":54},[40,85703,213],{"class":212},[40,85705,79159],{"class":216},[40,85707,213],{"class":212},[40,85709,62],{"class":54},[40,85711,224],{"class":212},[40,85713,57511],{"class":216},[40,85715,213],{"class":212},[40,85717,62],{"class":54},[40,85719,224],{"class":212},[40,85721,79176],{"class":216},[40,85723,213],{"class":212},[40,85725,73],{"class":54},[40,85727,85728,85730,85732,85734,85736,85738],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,85729,101],{"class":84},[40,85731,88],{"class":54},[40,85733,84259],{"class":84},[40,85735,88],{"class":54},[40,85737,253],{"class":91},[40,85739,256],{"class":54},[20,85741,111],{},[31,85743,85744],{"className":33,"code":84955,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,85745,85746],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85747,85748],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85749,84955],{"class":46},[20,85751,85752],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[31,85754,85756],{"className":33,"code":85755,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85757,85758,85790],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85759,85760,85762,85764,85766,85768,85770,85772,85774,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786,85788],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85761,205],{"class":46},[40,85763,51],{"class":50},[40,85765,55],{"class":54},[40,85767,213],{"class":212},[40,85769,79159],{"class":216},[40,85771,213],{"class":212},[40,85773,62],{"class":54},[40,85775,224],{"class":212},[40,85777,57511],{"class":216},[40,85779,213],{"class":212},[40,85781,62],{"class":54},[40,85783,224],{"class":212},[40,85785,79176],{"class":216},[40,85787,213],{"class":212},[40,85789,73],{"class":54},[40,85791,85792,85794,85796,85798,85800,85802,85804,85806,85808,85810,85812,85814],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,85793,101],{"class":84},[40,85795,88],{"class":54},[40,85797,84259],{"class":84},[40,85799,88],{"class":54},[40,85801,253],{"class":91},[40,85803,62],{"class":54},[40,85805,21340],{"class":8946},[40,85807,51],{"class":50},[40,85809,3231],{"class":609},[40,85811,289],{"class":54},[40,85813,8410],{"class":24512},[40,85815,256],{"class":54},[20,85817,111],{},[31,85819,85820],{"className":33,"code":84955,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,85821,85822],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85823,85824],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85825,84955],{"class":46},[20,85827,85828],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[129,85830,1345,85832],{"id":85831},"when-to-use-min",[15,85833,83834],{},[20,85835,123,85836,10371],{},[15,85837,83834],{},[134,85839,85840,85843,85848],{},[137,85841,85842],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[137,85844,85845,85846],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85847,14609],{},[137,85849,85850],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85852,123,85853,85857],{},[282,85854,85855],{"href":74120},[15,85856,74023],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85859,123,85860,85865],{},[282,85861,85863],{"href":85862},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85864,82180],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[129,85867,2613],{"id":2612},[20,85869,83839],{},[134,85871,85872,85880,85883,85888,85895],{},[137,85873,85874,85875,85877,85878],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85876,83834],{}," without using ",[15,85879,82535],{},[137,85881,85882],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[137,85884,8223,85885,85887],{},[15,85886,83834],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[137,85889,4486,85890,85892,85893,84996],{},[15,85891,14609],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85894,83834],{},[137,85896,795,85897,85899],{},[15,85898,82535],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85901,85902,85903,85905],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85904,83834],{},", these quick checks can help:",[31,85907,85909],{"className":33,"code":85908,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85910,85911,85925,85935,85949,85963,85985],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,85912,85913,85915,85917,85919,85921,85923],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,85914,101],{"class":84},[40,85916,88],{"class":54},[40,85918,1297],{"class":609},[40,85920,88],{"class":54},[40,85922,703],{"class":91},[40,85924,256],{"class":54},[40,85926,85927,85929,85931,85933],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,85928,101],{"class":84},[40,85930,88],{"class":54},[40,85932,703],{"class":91},[40,85934,95],{"class":54},[40,85936,85937,85939,85941,85943,85945,85947],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,85938,101],{"class":84},[40,85940,88],{"class":54},[40,85942,17],{"class":84},[40,85944,88],{"class":54},[40,85946,703],{"class":91},[40,85948,256],{"class":54},[40,85950,85951,85953,85955,85957,85959,85961],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,85952,101],{"class":84},[40,85954,88],{"class":54},[40,85956,84259],{"class":84},[40,85958,88],{"class":54},[40,85960,703],{"class":91},[40,85962,256],{"class":54},[40,85964,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977,85979,85981,85983],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,85966,101],{"class":84},[40,85968,88],{"class":54},[40,85970,84259],{"class":84},[40,85972,88],{"class":54},[40,85974,703],{"class":91},[40,85976,62],{"class":54},[40,85978,26284],{"class":8946},[40,85980,51],{"class":50},[40,85982,3565],{"class":1494},[40,85984,256],{"class":54},[40,85986,85987,85989,85991,85993,85995,85997,85999,86001,86003,86005],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,85988,101],{"class":84},[40,85990,88],{"class":54},[40,85992,84259],{"class":84},[40,85994,88],{"class":54},[40,85996,253],{"class":91},[40,85998,62],{"class":54},[40,86000,21340],{"class":8946},[40,86002,51],{"class":50},[40,86004,17],{"class":84},[40,86006,256],{"class":54},[20,86008,86009,86010,86013,86014,86016],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86011,86012],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86015,703],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[129,86018,1636],{"id":1635},[792,86020,1650,86022,4923],{"id":86021},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86023,83834],{},[20,86025,86026],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[792,86028,4947,86030,84015],{"id":86029},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86031,83834],{},[20,86033,86034],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[792,86036,71245],{"id":71244},[20,86038,86039,52242,86041,84027,86043,36378],{},[15,86040,83834],{},[15,86042,40459],{},[15,86044,82535],{},[792,86046,1650,86048,86050,86051,2275],{"id":86047},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86049,14609],{}," do in ",[15,86052,83834],{},[20,86054,86055,86057,86058,86060],{},[15,86056,14609],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86059,83088],{}," compares strings by length.",[792,86062,4957,86064,4176,86066,2275],{"id":86063},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86065,83834],{},[15,86067,74023],{},[20,86069,86070,86072,86073,86075],{},[15,86071,83834],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86074,74023],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[129,86077,1687],{"id":1686},[134,86079,86080,86086,86092,86098,86102,86106],{},[137,86081,86082],{},[282,86083,86084,288],{"href":85862},[15,86085,82180],{},[137,86087,86088],{},[282,86089,86090,288],{"href":74120},[15,86091,74023],{},[137,86093,86094],{},[282,86095,86096,288],{"href":284},[15,86097,25],{},[137,86099,86100],{},[282,86101,79472],{"href":77975},[137,86103,86104],{},[282,86105,58698],{"href":58697},[137,86107,86108],{},[282,86109,65576],{"href":72477},[1715,86111,86112],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":86114},[86115,86116,86118,86124,86126,86128,86133,86135,86141,86143,86144,86155],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":84318,"depth":76,"text":86117},"What min() does",{"id":84339,"depth":76,"text":84340,"children":86119},[86120,86121,86122,86123],{"id":84424,"depth":98,"text":84427},{"id":84486,"depth":98,"text":84489},{"id":84536,"depth":98,"text":84539},{"id":84630,"depth":98,"text":84633},{"id":84692,"depth":76,"text":86125},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84827,"depth":76,"text":86127},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84974,"depth":76,"text":86129,"children":86130},"Using min() with a key function",[86131,86132],{"id":85002,"depth":98,"text":85003},{"id":85077,"depth":98,"text":85078},{"id":85299,"depth":76,"text":86134},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10513,"depth":76,"text":10514,"children":86136},[86137,86139,86140],{"id":85441,"depth":98,"text":86138},"Empty list without default",{"id":85531,"depth":98,"text":85532},{"id":85684,"depth":98,"text":85685},{"id":85831,"depth":76,"text":86142},"When to use min()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":86145},[86146,86148,86150,86151,86153],{"id":86021,"depth":98,"text":86147},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86029,"depth":98,"text":86149},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71244,"depth":98,"text":71245},{"id":86047,"depth":98,"text":86152},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86063,"depth":98,"text":86154},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84201,"description":86156},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86163,"title":86164,"body":86165,"description":88344,"extension":1746,"meta":88345,"navigation":360,"path":88346,"seo":88347,"stem":88348,"__hash__":88349},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86166,"toc":88308},[86167,86170,86176,86182,86184,86265,86274,86278,86283,86285,86330,86332,86412,86418,86420,86423,86455,86457,86475,86477,86550,86552,86571,86575,86578,86614,86616,86683,86757,86830,86835,86839,86845,86848,86865,86868,86870,86931,86933,86953,86959,86963,86966,87036,87039,87058,87063,87139,87142,87146,87152,87156,87161,87231,87235,87240,87314,87318,87321,87396,87407,87411,87416,87506,87511,87579,87582,87601,87612,87616,87619,87624,87627,87689,87692,87703,87708,87711,87714,87719,87722,87725,87729,87732,87738,87741,87752,87754,87816,87831,87837,87840,87843,87854,87865,87871,87874,87876,87938,87948,87954,87959,87965,87969,87975,87978,87999,88001,88006,88033,88036,88063,88066,88105,88108,88146,88149,88210,88213,88215,88219,88222,88226,88232,88240,88248,88252,88255,88259,88265,88267,88305],[10,86168,86164],{"id":86169},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86171,86172,86175],{},[15,86173,86174],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86177,86178,86179,86181],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86180,86174],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[129,86183,1787],{"id":1786},[31,86185,86187],{"className":33,"code":86186,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86188,86189,86238,86254],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86190,86191,86194,86197,86199,86201,86204,86206,86208,86210,86212,86214,86216,86219,86221,86223,86226,86228,86230,86232,86236],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86192,86193],{"class":535},"with",[40,86195,86196],{"class":84}," open",[40,86198,88],{"class":54},[40,86200,213],{"class":212},[40,86202,86203],{"class":216},"example.txt",[40,86205,213],{"class":212},[40,86207,62],{"class":54},[40,86209,224],{"class":212},[40,86211,60245],{"class":216},[40,86213,213],{"class":212},[40,86215,62],{"class":54},[40,86217,86218],{"class":8946}," encoding",[40,86220,51],{"class":50},[40,86222,213],{"class":212},[40,86224,86225],{"class":216},"utf-8",[40,86227,213],{"class":212},[40,86229,18],{"class":54},[40,86231,47109],{"class":535},[40,86233,86235],{"class":86234},"sMMDD"," file",[40,86237,553],{"class":54},[40,86239,86240,86243,86245,86247,86249,86252],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,86241,86242],{"class":46},"    content ",[40,86244,51],{"class":50},[40,86246,86235],{"class":86234},[40,86248,289],{"class":54},[40,86250,86251],{"class":91},"read",[40,86253,8413],{"class":54},[40,86255,86256,86258,86260,86263],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,86257,558],{"class":84},[40,86259,88],{"class":54},[40,86261,86262],{"class":91},"content",[40,86264,95],{"class":54},[20,86266,123,86267,86269,86270,86273],{},[15,86268,86193],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86271,86272],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[129,86275,86277],{"id":86276},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86279,86280,86282],{},[15,86281,86174],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86284,11228],{},[134,86286,86287,86290,86295,86300],{},[137,86288,86289],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[137,86291,181,86292,86294],{},[183,86293,185],{}," read or write anything by itself",[137,86296,17187,86297],{},[183,86298,86299],{},"file object",[137,86301,86302,86303],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[134,86304,86305,86310,86315,86320,86325],{},[137,86306,86307],{},[15,86308,86309],{},"read()",[137,86311,86312],{},[15,86313,86314],{},"readline()",[137,86316,86317],{},[15,86318,86319],{},"readlines()",[137,86321,86322],{},[15,86323,86324],{},"write()",[137,86326,86327],{},[15,86328,86329],{},"close()",[20,86331,195],{},[31,86333,86335],{"className":33,"code":86334,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86336,86337,86376,86391,86401],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86338,86339,86342,86344,86346,86348,86350,86352,86354,86356,86358,86360,86362,86364,86366,86368,86370,86372,86374],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86340,86341],{"class":86234},"file",[40,86343,13043],{"class":50},[40,86345,86196],{"class":84},[40,86347,88],{"class":54},[40,86349,213],{"class":212},[40,86351,86203],{"class":216},[40,86353,213],{"class":212},[40,86355,62],{"class":54},[40,86357,224],{"class":212},[40,86359,60245],{"class":216},[40,86361,213],{"class":212},[40,86363,62],{"class":54},[40,86365,86218],{"class":8946},[40,86367,51],{"class":50},[40,86369,213],{"class":212},[40,86371,86225],{"class":216},[40,86373,213],{"class":212},[40,86375,95],{"class":54},[40,86377,86378,86381,86383,86385,86387,86389],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,86379,86380],{"class":46},"content ",[40,86382,51],{"class":50},[40,86384,86235],{"class":86234},[40,86386,289],{"class":54},[40,86388,86251],{"class":91},[40,86390,8413],{"class":54},[40,86392,86393,86395,86397,86399],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,86394,101],{"class":84},[40,86396,88],{"class":54},[40,86398,86262],{"class":91},[40,86400,95],{"class":54},[40,86402,86403,86405,86407,86410],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,86404,86341],{"class":86234},[40,86406,289],{"class":54},[40,86408,86409],{"class":91},"close",[40,86411,8413],{"class":54},[20,86413,86414,86415,86417],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86416,86193],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[129,86419,1940],{"id":1939},[20,86421,86422],{},"A common form is:",[31,86424,86426],{"className":33,"code":86425,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86427,86428],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86429,86430,86432,86434,86436,86438,86441,86443,86445,86447,86449,86451,86453],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86431,42178],{"class":84},[40,86433,88],{"class":54},[40,86435,86341],{"class":86234},[40,86437,62],{"class":54},[40,86439,86440],{"class":91}," mode",[40,86442,62],{"class":54},[40,86444,86218],{"class":8946},[40,86446,51],{"class":50},[40,86448,213],{"class":212},[40,86450,86225],{"class":216},[40,86452,213],{"class":212},[40,86454,95],{"class":54},[20,86456,64785],{},[134,86458,86459,86464,86469],{},[137,86460,86461,86463],{},[15,86462,86341],{}," is the file name or file path",[137,86465,86466,86468],{},[15,86467,20680],{}," controls how the file is opened",[137,86470,86471,86474],{},[15,86472,86473],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86476,195],{},[31,86478,86480],{"className":33,"code":86479,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86481,86482,86525,86540],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86483,86484,86486,86488,86490,86492,86495,86497,86499,86501,86503,86505,86507,86509,86511,86513,86515,86517,86519,86521,86523],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86485,86193],{"class":535},[40,86487,86196],{"class":84},[40,86489,88],{"class":54},[40,86491,213],{"class":212},[40,86493,86494],{"class":216},"notes.txt",[40,86496,213],{"class":212},[40,86498,62],{"class":54},[40,86500,224],{"class":212},[40,86502,60245],{"class":216},[40,86504,213],{"class":212},[40,86506,62],{"class":54},[40,86508,86218],{"class":8946},[40,86510,51],{"class":50},[40,86512,213],{"class":212},[40,86514,86225],{"class":216},[40,86516,213],{"class":212},[40,86518,18],{"class":54},[40,86520,47109],{"class":535},[40,86522,86235],{"class":86234},[40,86524,553],{"class":54},[40,86526,86527,86530,86532,86534,86536,86538],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,86528,86529],{"class":46},"    text ",[40,86531,51],{"class":50},[40,86533,86235],{"class":86234},[40,86535,289],{"class":54},[40,86537,86251],{"class":91},[40,86539,8413],{"class":54},[40,86541,86542,86544,86546,86548],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,86543,558],{"class":84},[40,86545,88],{"class":54},[40,86547,34471],{"class":91},[40,86549,95],{"class":54},[20,86551,19718],{},[134,86553,86554,86560,86565],{},[137,86555,86556,86559],{},[15,86557,86558],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[137,86561,86562,86564],{},[15,86563,86272],{}," means open for reading",[137,86566,86567,86570],{},[15,86568,86569],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[129,86572,86574],{"id":86573},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86576,86577],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[134,86579,86580,86585,86591,86596,86602,86608],{},[137,86581,86582,86584],{},[15,86583,86272],{}," = read a text file",[137,86586,86587,86590],{},[15,86588,86589],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[137,86592,86593,86595],{},[15,86594,1076],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[137,86597,86598,86601],{},[15,86599,86600],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[137,86603,86604,86607],{},[15,86605,86606],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[137,86609,86610,86613],{},[15,86611,86612],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86615,1908],{},[31,86617,86619],{"className":33,"code":86618,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86620,86621,86626,86669],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86622,86623],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86624,86625],{"class":3449},"# Read a text file\n",[40,86627,86628,86630,86632,86634,86636,86639,86641,86643,86645,86647,86649,86651,86653,86655,86657,86659,86661,86663,86665,86667],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,86629,86193],{"class":535},[40,86631,86196],{"class":84},[40,86633,88],{"class":54},[40,86635,213],{"class":212},[40,86637,86638],{"class":216},"data.txt",[40,86640,213],{"class":212},[40,86642,62],{"class":54},[40,86644,224],{"class":212},[40,86646,60245],{"class":216},[40,86648,213],{"class":212},[40,86650,62],{"class":54},[40,86652,86218],{"class":8946},[40,86654,51],{"class":50},[40,86656,213],{"class":212},[40,86658,86225],{"class":216},[40,86660,213],{"class":212},[40,86662,18],{"class":54},[40,86664,47109],{"class":535},[40,86666,86235],{"class":86234},[40,86668,553],{"class":54},[40,86670,86671,86673,86675,86677,86679,86681],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,86672,558],{"class":84},[40,86674,88],{"class":54},[40,86676,86341],{"class":86234},[40,86678,289],{"class":54},[40,86680,86251],{"class":91},[40,86682,847],{"class":54},[31,86684,86686],{"className":33,"code":86685,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86687,86688,86693,86735],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86689,86690],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86691,86692],{"class":3449},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[40,86694,86695,86697,86699,86701,86703,86705,86707,86709,86711,86713,86715,86717,86719,86721,86723,86725,86727,86729,86731,86733],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,86696,86193],{"class":535},[40,86698,86196],{"class":84},[40,86700,88],{"class":54},[40,86702,213],{"class":212},[40,86704,86638],{"class":216},[40,86706,213],{"class":212},[40,86708,62],{"class":54},[40,86710,224],{"class":212},[40,86712,60228],{"class":216},[40,86714,213],{"class":212},[40,86716,62],{"class":54},[40,86718,86218],{"class":8946},[40,86720,51],{"class":50},[40,86722,213],{"class":212},[40,86724,86225],{"class":216},[40,86726,213],{"class":212},[40,86728,18],{"class":54},[40,86730,47109],{"class":535},[40,86732,86235],{"class":86234},[40,86734,553],{"class":54},[40,86736,86737,86740,86742,86744,86746,86748,86750,86753,86755],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,86738,86739],{"class":86234},"    file",[40,86741,289],{"class":54},[40,86743,69794],{"class":91},[40,86745,88],{"class":54},[40,86747,213],{"class":212},[40,86749,34630],{"class":216},[40,86751,86752],{"class":34215},"\\n",[40,86754,213],{"class":212},[40,86756,95],{"class":54},[31,86758,86760],{"className":33,"code":86759,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86761,86762,86767,86809],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86763,86764],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86765,86766],{"class":3449},"# Append to a text file\n",[40,86768,86769,86771,86773,86775,86777,86779,86781,86783,86785,86787,86789,86791,86793,86795,86797,86799,86801,86803,86805,86807],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,86770,86193],{"class":535},[40,86772,86196],{"class":84},[40,86774,88],{"class":54},[40,86776,213],{"class":212},[40,86778,86638],{"class":216},[40,86780,213],{"class":212},[40,86782,62],{"class":54},[40,86784,224],{"class":212},[40,86786,282],{"class":216},[40,86788,213],{"class":212},[40,86790,62],{"class":54},[40,86792,86218],{"class":8946},[40,86794,51],{"class":50},[40,86796,213],{"class":212},[40,86798,86225],{"class":216},[40,86800,213],{"class":212},[40,86802,18],{"class":54},[40,86804,47109],{"class":535},[40,86806,86235],{"class":86234},[40,86808,553],{"class":54},[40,86810,86811,86813,86815,86817,86819,86821,86824,86826,86828],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,86812,86739],{"class":86234},[40,86814,289],{"class":54},[40,86816,69794],{"class":91},[40,86818,88],{"class":54},[40,86820,213],{"class":212},[40,86822,86823],{"class":216},"Another line",[40,86825,86752],{"class":34215},[40,86827,213],{"class":212},[40,86829,95],{"class":54},[20,86831,1337,86832,86834],{},[15,86833,86589],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[129,86836,86838],{"id":86837},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86840,86841,21736,86843,289],{},[15,86842,86174],{},[183,86844,86299],{},[20,86846,86847],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[134,86849,86850,86855,86860],{},[137,86851,86852],{},[15,86853,86854],{},"file.read()",[137,86856,86857],{},[15,86858,86859],{},"file.write()",[137,86861,86862],{},[15,86863,86864],{},"file.close()",[20,86866,86867],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86869,195],{},[31,86871,86873],{"className":33,"code":86872,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86874,86875,86917],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86876,86877,86879,86881,86883,86885,86887,86889,86891,86893,86895,86897,86899,86901,86903,86905,86907,86909,86911,86913,86915],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86878,86193],{"class":535},[40,86880,86196],{"class":84},[40,86882,88],{"class":54},[40,86884,213],{"class":212},[40,86886,86203],{"class":216},[40,86888,213],{"class":212},[40,86890,62],{"class":54},[40,86892,224],{"class":212},[40,86894,60245],{"class":216},[40,86896,213],{"class":212},[40,86898,62],{"class":54},[40,86900,86218],{"class":8946},[40,86902,51],{"class":50},[40,86904,213],{"class":212},[40,86906,86225],{"class":216},[40,86908,213],{"class":212},[40,86910,18],{"class":54},[40,86912,47109],{"class":535},[40,86914,86235],{"class":86234},[40,86916,553],{"class":54},[40,86918,86919,86921,86923,86925,86927,86929],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,86920,558],{"class":84},[40,86922,88],{"class":54},[40,86924,1297],{"class":609},[40,86926,88],{"class":54},[40,86928,86341],{"class":86234},[40,86930,256],{"class":54},[20,86932,29790],{},[31,86934,86936],{"className":33,"code":86935,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86937,86938],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86939,86940,86942,86944,86946,86949,86951],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86941,3076],{"class":50},[40,86943,3079],{"class":1848},[40,86945,3082],{"class":212},[40,86947,86948],{"class":216},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[40,86950,3087],{"class":212},[40,86952,3090],{"class":50},[20,86954,86955,86956,86958],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,86957,86174],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[129,86960,86962],{"id":86961},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,86964,86965],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[31,86967,86968],{"className":33,"code":86186,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,86969,86970,87012,87026],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,86971,86972,86974,86976,86978,86980,86982,86984,86986,86988,86990,86992,86994,86996,86998,87000,87002,87004,87006,87008,87010],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,86973,86193],{"class":535},[40,86975,86196],{"class":84},[40,86977,88],{"class":54},[40,86979,213],{"class":212},[40,86981,86203],{"class":216},[40,86983,213],{"class":212},[40,86985,62],{"class":54},[40,86987,224],{"class":212},[40,86989,60245],{"class":216},[40,86991,213],{"class":212},[40,86993,62],{"class":54},[40,86995,86218],{"class":8946},[40,86997,51],{"class":50},[40,86999,213],{"class":212},[40,87001,86225],{"class":216},[40,87003,213],{"class":212},[40,87005,18],{"class":54},[40,87007,47109],{"class":535},[40,87009,86235],{"class":86234},[40,87011,553],{"class":54},[40,87013,87014,87016,87018,87020,87022,87024],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,87015,86242],{"class":46},[40,87017,51],{"class":50},[40,87019,86235],{"class":86234},[40,87021,289],{"class":54},[40,87023,86251],{"class":91},[40,87025,8413],{"class":54},[40,87027,87028,87030,87032,87034],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,87029,558],{"class":84},[40,87031,88],{"class":54},[40,87033,86262],{"class":91},[40,87035,95],{"class":54},[20,87037,87038],{},"Why this is recommended:",[134,87040,87041,87046,87052,87055],{},[137,87042,87043,87045],{},[15,87044,86193],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[137,87047,87048,87049,87051],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87050,86329],{}," yourself",[137,87053,87054],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[137,87056,87057],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87059,83351,87060,87062],{},[15,87061,86193],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[31,87064,87065],{"className":33,"code":86334,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,87066,87067,87105,87119,87129],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87068,87069,87071,87073,87075,87077,87079,87081,87083,87085,87087,87089,87091,87093,87095,87097,87099,87101,87103],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87070,86341],{"class":86234},[40,87072,13043],{"class":50},[40,87074,86196],{"class":84},[40,87076,88],{"class":54},[40,87078,213],{"class":212},[40,87080,86203],{"class":216},[40,87082,213],{"class":212},[40,87084,62],{"class":54},[40,87086,224],{"class":212},[40,87088,60245],{"class":216},[40,87090,213],{"class":212},[40,87092,62],{"class":54},[40,87094,86218],{"class":8946},[40,87096,51],{"class":50},[40,87098,213],{"class":212},[40,87100,86225],{"class":216},[40,87102,213],{"class":212},[40,87104,95],{"class":54},[40,87106,87107,87109,87111,87113,87115,87117],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,87108,86380],{"class":46},[40,87110,51],{"class":50},[40,87112,86235],{"class":86234},[40,87114,289],{"class":54},[40,87116,86251],{"class":91},[40,87118,8413],{"class":54},[40,87120,87121,87123,87125,87127],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,87122,101],{"class":84},[40,87124,88],{"class":54},[40,87126,86262],{"class":91},[40,87128,95],{"class":54},[40,87130,87131,87133,87135,87137],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,87132,86341],{"class":86234},[40,87134,289],{"class":54},[40,87136,86409],{"class":91},[40,87138,8413],{"class":54},[20,87140,87141],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[129,87143,87145],{"id":87144},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87147,87148,87149,87151],{},"Use mode ",[15,87150,86272],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[792,87153,87155],{"id":87154},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87157,87158,87160],{},[15,87159,86309],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[31,87162,87163],{"className":33,"code":86186,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,87164,87165,87207,87221],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87166,87167,87169,87171,87173,87175,87177,87179,87181,87183,87185,87187,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201,87203,87205],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87168,86193],{"class":535},[40,87170,86196],{"class":84},[40,87172,88],{"class":54},[40,87174,213],{"class":212},[40,87176,86203],{"class":216},[40,87178,213],{"class":212},[40,87180,62],{"class":54},[40,87182,224],{"class":212},[40,87184,60245],{"class":216},[40,87186,213],{"class":212},[40,87188,62],{"class":54},[40,87190,86218],{"class":8946},[40,87192,51],{"class":50},[40,87194,213],{"class":212},[40,87196,86225],{"class":216},[40,87198,213],{"class":212},[40,87200,18],{"class":54},[40,87202,47109],{"class":535},[40,87204,86235],{"class":86234},[40,87206,553],{"class":54},[40,87208,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,87210,86242],{"class":46},[40,87212,51],{"class":50},[40,87214,86235],{"class":86234},[40,87216,289],{"class":54},[40,87218,86251],{"class":91},[40,87220,8413],{"class":54},[40,87222,87223,87225,87227,87229],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,87224,558],{"class":84},[40,87226,88],{"class":54},[40,87228,86262],{"class":91},[40,87230,95],{"class":54},[792,87232,87234],{"id":87233},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87236,87237,87239],{},[15,87238,86314],{}," reads one line at a time.",[31,87241,87243],{"className":33,"code":87242,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87244,87245,87287,87303],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87246,87247,87249,87251,87253,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87283,87285],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87248,86193],{"class":535},[40,87250,86196],{"class":84},[40,87252,88],{"class":54},[40,87254,213],{"class":212},[40,87256,86203],{"class":216},[40,87258,213],{"class":212},[40,87260,62],{"class":54},[40,87262,224],{"class":212},[40,87264,60245],{"class":216},[40,87266,213],{"class":212},[40,87268,62],{"class":54},[40,87270,86218],{"class":8946},[40,87272,51],{"class":50},[40,87274,213],{"class":212},[40,87276,86225],{"class":216},[40,87278,213],{"class":212},[40,87280,18],{"class":54},[40,87282,47109],{"class":535},[40,87284,86235],{"class":86234},[40,87286,553],{"class":54},[40,87288,87289,87292,87294,87296,87298,87301],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,87290,87291],{"class":46},"    first_line ",[40,87293,51],{"class":50},[40,87295,86235],{"class":86234},[40,87297,289],{"class":54},[40,87299,87300],{"class":91},"readline",[40,87302,8413],{"class":54},[40,87304,87305,87307,87309,87312],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,87306,558],{"class":84},[40,87308,88],{"class":54},[40,87310,87311],{"class":91},"first_line",[40,87313,95],{"class":54},[792,87315,87317],{"id":87316},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87319,87320],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[31,87322,87324],{"className":33,"code":87323,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87325,87326,87368,87382],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87327,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358,87360,87362,87364,87366],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87329,86193],{"class":535},[40,87331,86196],{"class":84},[40,87333,88],{"class":54},[40,87335,213],{"class":212},[40,87337,86203],{"class":216},[40,87339,213],{"class":212},[40,87341,62],{"class":54},[40,87343,224],{"class":212},[40,87345,60245],{"class":216},[40,87347,213],{"class":212},[40,87349,62],{"class":54},[40,87351,86218],{"class":8946},[40,87353,51],{"class":50},[40,87355,213],{"class":212},[40,87357,86225],{"class":216},[40,87359,213],{"class":212},[40,87361,18],{"class":54},[40,87363,47109],{"class":535},[40,87365,86235],{"class":86234},[40,87367,553],{"class":54},[40,87369,87370,87373,87376,87378,87380],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,87371,87372],{"class":535},"    for",[40,87374,87375],{"class":46}," line ",[40,87377,1554],{"class":535},[40,87379,86235],{"class":86234},[40,87381,553],{"class":54},[40,87383,87384,87386,87388,87390,87392,87394],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,87385,47089],{"class":84},[40,87387,88],{"class":54},[40,87389,42],{"class":91},[40,87391,289],{"class":54},[40,87393,8404],{"class":91},[40,87395,847],{"class":54},[20,87397,87398,87399,2662,87403,289],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[282,87400,87402],{"href":87401},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[282,87404,87406],{"href":87405},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[129,87408,87410],{"id":87409},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87412,123,87413,87415],{},[15,87414,86589],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[31,87417,87419],{"className":33,"code":87418,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87420,87421,87464,87485],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87422,87423,87425,87427,87429,87431,87434,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444,87446,87448,87450,87452,87454,87456,87458,87460,87462],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87424,86193],{"class":535},[40,87426,86196],{"class":84},[40,87428,88],{"class":54},[40,87430,213],{"class":212},[40,87432,87433],{"class":216},"output.txt",[40,87435,213],{"class":212},[40,87437,62],{"class":54},[40,87439,224],{"class":212},[40,87441,60228],{"class":216},[40,87443,213],{"class":212},[40,87445,62],{"class":54},[40,87447,86218],{"class":8946},[40,87449,51],{"class":50},[40,87451,213],{"class":212},[40,87453,86225],{"class":216},[40,87455,213],{"class":212},[40,87457,18],{"class":54},[40,87459,47109],{"class":535},[40,87461,86235],{"class":86234},[40,87463,553],{"class":54},[40,87465,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476,87479,87481,87483],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,87467,86739],{"class":86234},[40,87469,289],{"class":54},[40,87471,69794],{"class":91},[40,87473,88],{"class":54},[40,87475,213],{"class":212},[40,87477,87478],{"class":216},"First line",[40,87480,86752],{"class":34215},[40,87482,213],{"class":212},[40,87484,95],{"class":54},[40,87486,87487,87489,87491,87493,87495,87497,87500,87502,87504],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,87488,86739],{"class":86234},[40,87490,289],{"class":54},[40,87492,69794],{"class":91},[40,87494,88],{"class":54},[40,87496,213],{"class":212},[40,87498,87499],{"class":216},"Second line",[40,87501,86752],{"class":34215},[40,87503,213],{"class":212},[40,87505,95],{"class":54},[20,87507,123,87508,87510],{},[15,87509,1076],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[31,87512,87514],{"className":33,"code":87513,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87515,87516,87558],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87517,87518,87520,87522,87524,87526,87528,87530,87532,87534,87536,87538,87540,87542,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552,87554,87556],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87519,86193],{"class":535},[40,87521,86196],{"class":84},[40,87523,88],{"class":54},[40,87525,213],{"class":212},[40,87527,87433],{"class":216},[40,87529,213],{"class":212},[40,87531,62],{"class":54},[40,87533,224],{"class":212},[40,87535,282],{"class":216},[40,87537,213],{"class":212},[40,87539,62],{"class":54},[40,87541,86218],{"class":8946},[40,87543,51],{"class":50},[40,87545,213],{"class":212},[40,87547,86225],{"class":216},[40,87549,213],{"class":212},[40,87551,18],{"class":54},[40,87553,47109],{"class":535},[40,87555,86235],{"class":86234},[40,87557,553],{"class":54},[40,87559,87560,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87573,87575,87577],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,87561,86739],{"class":86234},[40,87563,289],{"class":54},[40,87565,69794],{"class":91},[40,87567,88],{"class":54},[40,87569,213],{"class":212},[40,87571,87572],{"class":216},"Third line",[40,87574,86752],{"class":34215},[40,87576,213],{"class":212},[40,87578,95],{"class":54},[20,87580,87581],{},"Important detail:",[134,87583,87584,87589,87596],{},[137,87585,87586,87588],{},[15,87587,86324],{}," writes a string",[137,87590,87591,13821,87593,87595],{},[15,87592,86324],{},[183,87594,185],{}," add a newline for you",[137,87597,87598,87599,87051],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87600,86752],{},[20,87602,87603,87604,2662,87608,289],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[282,87605,87607],{"href":87606},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[282,87609,87611],{"href":87610},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[129,87613,87615],{"id":87614},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87617,87618],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[792,87620,87622],{"id":87621},"encodingutf-8",[15,87623,86569],{},[20,87625,87626],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[31,87628,87630],{"className":33,"code":87629,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87631,87632,87675],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87633,87634,87636,87638,87640,87642,87645,87647,87649,87651,87653,87655,87657,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669,87671,87673],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87635,86193],{"class":535},[40,87637,86196],{"class":84},[40,87639,88],{"class":54},[40,87641,213],{"class":212},[40,87643,87644],{"class":216},"message.txt",[40,87646,213],{"class":212},[40,87648,62],{"class":54},[40,87650,224],{"class":212},[40,87652,60245],{"class":216},[40,87654,213],{"class":212},[40,87656,62],{"class":54},[40,87658,86218],{"class":8946},[40,87660,51],{"class":50},[40,87662,213],{"class":212},[40,87664,86225],{"class":216},[40,87666,213],{"class":212},[40,87668,18],{"class":54},[40,87670,47109],{"class":535},[40,87672,86235],{"class":86234},[40,87674,553],{"class":54},[40,87676,87677,87679,87681,87683,87685,87687],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,87678,558],{"class":84},[40,87680,88],{"class":54},[40,87682,86341],{"class":86234},[40,87684,289],{"class":54},[40,87686,86251],{"class":91},[40,87688,847],{"class":54},[20,87690,87691],{},"Why it matters:",[134,87693,87694,87697,87700],{},[137,87695,87696],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[137,87698,87699],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[137,87701,87702],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[792,87704,87706],{"id":87705},"newline",[15,87707,87705],{},[20,87709,87710],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87712,87713],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[792,87715,87717],{"id":87716},"buffering",[15,87718,87716],{},[20,87720,87721],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87723,87724],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[129,87726,87728],{"id":87727},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87730,87731],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[792,87733,87735],{"id":87734},"filenotfounderror",[15,87736,87737],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87739,87740],{},"This happens when:",[134,87742,87743,87746,87749],{},[137,87744,87745],{},"the file does not exist",[137,87747,87748],{},"the path is wrong",[137,87750,87751],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87753,195],{},[31,87755,87757],{"className":33,"code":87756,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87758,87759,87802],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87760,87761,87763,87765,87767,87769,87772,87774,87776,87778,87780,87782,87784,87786,87788,87790,87792,87794,87796,87798,87800],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87762,86193],{"class":535},[40,87764,86196],{"class":84},[40,87766,88],{"class":54},[40,87768,213],{"class":212},[40,87770,87771],{"class":216},"missing.txt",[40,87773,213],{"class":212},[40,87775,62],{"class":54},[40,87777,224],{"class":212},[40,87779,60245],{"class":216},[40,87781,213],{"class":212},[40,87783,62],{"class":54},[40,87785,86218],{"class":8946},[40,87787,51],{"class":50},[40,87789,213],{"class":212},[40,87791,86225],{"class":216},[40,87793,213],{"class":212},[40,87795,18],{"class":54},[40,87797,47109],{"class":535},[40,87799,86235],{"class":86234},[40,87801,553],{"class":54},[40,87803,87804,87806,87808,87810,87812,87814],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,87805,558],{"class":84},[40,87807,88],{"class":54},[40,87809,86341],{"class":86234},[40,87811,289],{"class":54},[40,87813,86251],{"class":91},[40,87815,847],{"class":54},[20,87817,87818,87819,4176,87827,289],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[282,87820,87822,87823,87826],{"href":87821},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[40,87824,87825],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[282,87828,87830],{"href":87829},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[792,87832,87834],{"id":87833},"permissionerror",[15,87835,87836],{},"PermissionError",[20,87838,87839],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87841,87842],{},"Example causes:",[134,87844,87845,87848,87851],{},[137,87846,87847],{},"the file is protected",[137,87849,87850],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[137,87852,87853],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87855,87856,87857],{},"Related page: ",[282,87858,87860,87861,87864],{"href":87859},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[40,87862,87863],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[792,87866,87868],{"id":87867},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87869,87870],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87872,87873],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87875,195],{},[31,87877,87879],{"className":33,"code":87878,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87880,87881,87924],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,87882,87883,87885,87887,87889,87891,87894,87896,87898,87900,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,87884,86193],{"class":535},[40,87886,86196],{"class":84},[40,87888,88],{"class":54},[40,87890,213],{"class":212},[40,87892,87893],{"class":216},"my_folder",[40,87895,213],{"class":212},[40,87897,62],{"class":54},[40,87899,224],{"class":212},[40,87901,60245],{"class":216},[40,87903,213],{"class":212},[40,87905,62],{"class":54},[40,87907,86218],{"class":8946},[40,87909,51],{"class":50},[40,87911,213],{"class":212},[40,87913,86225],{"class":216},[40,87915,213],{"class":212},[40,87917,18],{"class":54},[40,87919,47109],{"class":535},[40,87921,86235],{"class":86234},[40,87923,553],{"class":54},[40,87925,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,87927,558],{"class":84},[40,87929,88],{"class":54},[40,87931,86341],{"class":86234},[40,87933,289],{"class":54},[40,87935,86251],{"class":91},[40,87937,847],{"class":54},[20,87939,87856,87940],{},[282,87941,87943,87944,87947],{"href":87942},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[40,87945,87946],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[792,87949,87951],{"id":87950},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87952,87953],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87955,87956,87957,289],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,87958,86174],{},[20,87960,87856,87961],{},[282,87962,87964],{"href":87963},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[129,87966,87968],{"id":87967},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,87970,87971,87972,87974],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,87973,86174],{}," function.",[20,87976,87977],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[134,87979,87980,87983,87986,87992],{},[137,87981,87982],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[137,87984,87985],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[137,87987,87988,87989,87991],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,87990,86174],{}," itself",[137,87993,87994,87995],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[282,87996,87998],{"href":87997},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[129,88000,2613],{"id":2612},[20,88002,88003,88004,2669],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88005,86174],{},[134,88007,88008,88013,88019,88024,88027,88030],{},[137,88009,795,88010,88012],{},[15,88011,86272],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[137,88014,88015,88016,88018],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88017,86473],{}," for text files",[137,88020,795,88021,88023],{},[15,88022,86589],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[137,88025,88026],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[137,88028,88029],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[137,88031,88032],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88034,88035],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[31,88037,88039],{"className":33,"code":88038,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88040,88041,88048],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88042,88043,88045],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88044,34854],{"class":535},[40,88046,88047],{"class":46}," os\n",[40,88049,88050,88052,88054,88056,88058,88061],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,88051,101],{"class":84},[40,88053,88],{"class":54},[40,88055,42377],{"class":91},[40,88057,289],{"class":54},[40,88059,88060],{"class":91},"getcwd",[40,88062,847],{"class":54},[20,88064,88065],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[31,88067,88069],{"className":33,"code":88068,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88070,88071,88077],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88072,88073,88075],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88074,34854],{"class":535},[40,88076,88047],{"class":46},[40,88078,88079,88081,88083,88085,88087,88090,88092,88095,88097,88099,88101,88103],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,88080,101],{"class":84},[40,88082,88],{"class":54},[40,88084,42377],{"class":91},[40,88086,289],{"class":54},[40,88088,88089],{"class":24512},"path",[40,88091,289],{"class":54},[40,88093,88094],{"class":91},"exists",[40,88096,88],{"class":54},[40,88098,213],{"class":212},[40,88100,86203],{"class":216},[40,88102,213],{"class":212},[40,88104,256],{"class":54},[20,88106,88107],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[31,88109,88111],{"className":33,"code":88110,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88112,88113,88119],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88114,88115,88117],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88116,34854],{"class":535},[40,88118,88047],{"class":46},[40,88120,88121,88123,88125,88127,88129,88131,88133,88136,88138,88140,88142,88144],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,88122,101],{"class":84},[40,88124,88],{"class":54},[40,88126,42377],{"class":91},[40,88128,289],{"class":54},[40,88130,88089],{"class":24512},[40,88132,289],{"class":54},[40,88134,88135],{"class":91},"isfile",[40,88137,88],{"class":54},[40,88139,213],{"class":212},[40,88141,86203],{"class":216},[40,88143,213],{"class":212},[40,88145,256],{"class":54},[20,88147,88148],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[31,88150,88152],{"className":33,"code":88151,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88153,88154,88196],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88155,88156,88158,88160,88162,88164,88166,88168,88170,88172,88174,88176,88178,88180,88182,88184,88186,88188,88190,88192,88194],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88157,86193],{"class":535},[40,88159,86196],{"class":84},[40,88161,88],{"class":54},[40,88163,213],{"class":212},[40,88165,86203],{"class":216},[40,88167,213],{"class":212},[40,88169,62],{"class":54},[40,88171,224],{"class":212},[40,88173,60245],{"class":216},[40,88175,213],{"class":212},[40,88177,62],{"class":54},[40,88179,86218],{"class":8946},[40,88181,51],{"class":50},[40,88183,213],{"class":212},[40,88185,86225],{"class":216},[40,88187,213],{"class":212},[40,88189,18],{"class":54},[40,88191,47109],{"class":535},[40,88193,86235],{"class":86234},[40,88195,553],{"class":54},[40,88197,88198,88200,88202,88204,88206,88208],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,88199,558],{"class":84},[40,88201,88],{"class":54},[40,88203,86341],{"class":86234},[40,88205,289],{"class":54},[40,88207,86251],{"class":91},[40,88209,847],{"class":54},[20,88211,88212],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[129,88214,1636],{"id":1635},[792,88216,88218],{"id":88217},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88220,88221],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[792,88223,88225],{"id":88224},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88227,88228,88229,88231],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88230,86193],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[792,88233,4957,88235,4176,88237,88239],{"id":88234},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88236,86589],{},[15,88238,1076],{}," mode?",[20,88241,88242,88244,88245,88247],{},[15,88243,86589],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88246,1076],{}," adds new content to the end.",[792,88249,88251],{"id":88250},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88253,88254],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[792,88256,88258],{"id":88257},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88260,88261,88262,88264],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88263,86569],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[129,88266,1687],{"id":1686},[134,88268,88269,88273,88277,88281,88285,88289,88293,88299],{},[137,88270,88271],{},[282,88272,87402],{"href":87401},[137,88274,88275],{},[282,88276,87607],{"href":87606},[137,88278,88279],{},[282,88280,87611],{"href":87610},[137,88282,88283],{},[282,88284,87406],{"href":87405},[137,88286,88287],{},[282,88288,87998],{"href":87997},[137,88290,88291],{},[282,88292,87830],{"href":87829},[137,88294,88295],{},[282,88296,87822,88297,87826],{"href":87821},[40,88298,87825],{},[137,88300,88301],{},[282,88302,87860,88303,87864],{"href":87859},[40,88304,87863],{},[1715,88306,88307],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":88309},[88310,88311,88312,88313,88314,88315,88316,88321,88322,88327,88333,88334,88335,88343],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":86276,"depth":76,"text":86277},{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":86573,"depth":76,"text":86574},{"id":86837,"depth":76,"text":86838},{"id":86961,"depth":76,"text":86962},{"id":87144,"depth":76,"text":87145,"children":88317},[88318,88319,88320],{"id":87154,"depth":98,"text":87155},{"id":87233,"depth":98,"text":87234},{"id":87316,"depth":98,"text":87317},{"id":87409,"depth":76,"text":87410},{"id":87614,"depth":76,"text":87615,"children":88323},[88324,88325,88326],{"id":87621,"depth":98,"text":86569},{"id":87705,"depth":98,"text":87705},{"id":87716,"depth":98,"text":87716},{"id":87727,"depth":76,"text":87728,"children":88328},[88329,88330,88331,88332],{"id":87734,"depth":98,"text":87737},{"id":87833,"depth":98,"text":87836},{"id":87867,"depth":98,"text":87870},{"id":87950,"depth":98,"text":87953},{"id":87967,"depth":76,"text":87968},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":88336},[88337,88338,88339,88341,88342],{"id":88217,"depth":98,"text":88218},{"id":88224,"depth":98,"text":88225},{"id":88234,"depth":98,"text":88340},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88250,"depth":98,"text":88251},{"id":88257,"depth":98,"text":88258},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86164,"description":88344},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88351,"title":88352,"body":88353,"description":90348,"extension":1746,"meta":90349,"navigation":360,"path":90350,"seo":90351,"stem":90352,"__hash__":90353},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88354,"toc":90295},[88355,88360,88365,88371,88373,88441,88443,88462,88467,88472,88477,88480,88492,88494,88537,88539,88557,88568,88570,88572,88597,88599,88610,88612,88672,88674,88700,88703,88707,88712,88716,88719,88753,88757,88760,88785,88789,88812,88816,88849,88854,88858,88863,88866,88934,88936,88960,88965,88968,88999,89001,89033,89050,89054,89059,89083,89090,89095,89100,89103,89107,89142,89144,89153,89157,89248,89250,89281,89286,89293,89298,89307,89310,89344,89346,89360,89364,89405,89407,89416,89420,89468,89470,89484,89489,89500,89507,89513,89515,89550,89552,89566,89569,89591,89597,89626,89637,89643,89649,89663,89665,89744,89746,89796,89803,89805,89810,89814,89817,89832,89837,89839,89858,89864,89867,89882,89884,89902,89908,89913,89943,89946,89969,89972,89999,90006,90012,90020,90043,90048,90056,90058,90078,90082,90088,90138,90141,90163,90165,90171,90179,90185,90191,90199,90204,90208,90211,90234,90239,90246,90258,90260,90292],[10,88356,285,88358,3366],{"id":88357},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88359,46205],{},[20,88361,32078,88362,88364],{},[15,88363,46205],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88366,88367,88368,88370],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88369,46205],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[129,88372,1787],{"id":1786},[31,88374,88376],{"className":33,"code":88375,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88377,88378,88390,88399,88403,88413,88423],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88379,88380,88382,88384,88386,88388],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88381,7651],{"class":46},[40,88383,51],{"class":50},[40,88385,224],{"class":212},[40,88387,7696],{"class":216},[40,88389,3146],{"class":212},[40,88391,88392,88394,88396],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,88393,21389],{"class":46},[40,88395,51],{"class":50},[40,88397,88398],{"class":58}," 12\n",[40,88400,88401],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,88402,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,88404,88405,88407,88409,88411],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,88406,101],{"class":84},[40,88408,88],{"class":54},[40,88410,7446],{"class":91},[40,88412,95],{"class":54},[40,88414,88415,88417,88419,88421],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,88416,101],{"class":84},[40,88418,88],{"class":54},[40,88420,9069],{"class":91},[40,88422,95],{"class":54},[40,88424,88425,88427,88429,88431,88433,88435,88437,88439],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,88426,101],{"class":84},[40,88428,88],{"class":54},[40,88430,213],{"class":212},[40,88432,34630],{"class":216},[40,88434,213],{"class":212},[40,88436,62],{"class":54},[40,88438,35754],{"class":91},[40,88440,95],{"class":54},[20,88442,111],{},[31,88444,88446],{"className":33,"code":88445,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88447,88448,88453,88457],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88449,88450],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88451,88452],{"class":46},"Mia\n",[40,88454,88455],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,88456,2008],{"class":58},[40,88458,88459],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,88460,88461],{"class":46},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88463,123,88464,88466],{},[15,88465,46205],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[129,88468,158,88470,3466],{"id":88469},"what-print-does",[15,88471,46205],{},[20,88473,88474,88476],{},[15,88475,46205],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88478,88479],{},"You can use it to display:",[134,88481,88482,88484,88486,88489],{},[137,88483,34471],{},[137,88485,92],{},[137,88487,88488],{},"variables",[137,88490,88491],{},"expressions",[20,88493,195],{},[31,88495,88497],{"className":33,"code":88496,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88498,88499,88513,88523],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88500,88501,88503,88505,88507,88509,88511],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88502,101],{"class":84},[40,88504,88],{"class":54},[40,88506,213],{"class":212},[40,88508,34630],{"class":216},[40,88510,213],{"class":212},[40,88512,95],{"class":54},[40,88514,88515,88517,88519,88521],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,88516,101],{"class":84},[40,88518,88],{"class":54},[40,88520,682],{"class":58},[40,88522,95],{"class":54},[40,88524,88525,88527,88529,88531,88533,88535],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,88526,101],{"class":84},[40,88528,88],{"class":54},[40,88530,744],{"class":58},[40,88532,2237],{"class":50},[40,88534,749],{"class":58},[40,88536,95],{"class":54},[20,88538,111],{},[31,88540,88542],{"className":33,"code":88541,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88543,88544,88549,88553],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88545,88546],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88547,88548],{"class":46},"Hello\n",[40,88550,88551],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,88552,2732],{"class":58},[40,88554,88555],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,88556,2732],{"class":58},[20,88558,88559,88560,88562,88563,88567],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88561,46205],{}," ",[183,88564,3478,88565],{},[15,88566,3565],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[129,88569,1940],{"id":1939},[20,88571,30485],{},[31,88573,88575],{"className":33,"code":88574,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88576,88577],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88578,88579,88581,88583,88586,88588,88591,88593,88595],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88580,101],{"class":84},[40,88582,88],{"class":54},[40,88584,88585],{"class":91},"object1",[40,88587,62],{"class":54},[40,88589,88590],{"class":91}," object2",[40,88592,62],{"class":54},[40,88594,34216],{"class":84},[40,88596,95],{"class":54},[20,88598,79802],{},[134,88600,88601,88604,88607],{},[137,88602,88603],{},"one value",[137,88605,88606],{},"many values",[137,88608,88609],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88611,195],{},[31,88613,88615],{"className":33,"code":88614,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88616,88617,88631,88650],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88618,88619,88621,88623,88625,88627,88629],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88620,101],{"class":84},[40,88622,88],{"class":54},[40,88624,213],{"class":212},[40,88626,57511],{"class":216},[40,88628,213],{"class":212},[40,88630,95],{"class":54},[40,88632,88633,88635,88637,88639,88642,88644,88646,88648],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,88634,101],{"class":84},[40,88636,88],{"class":54},[40,88638,213],{"class":212},[40,88640,88641],{"class":216},"Score:",[40,88643,213],{"class":212},[40,88645,62],{"class":54},[40,88647,5781],{"class":58},[40,88649,95],{"class":54},[40,88651,88652,88654,88656,88658,88660,88662,88664,88666,88668,88670],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,88653,101],{"class":84},[40,88655,88],{"class":54},[40,88657,213],{"class":212},[40,88659,45316],{"class":216},[40,88661,213],{"class":212},[40,88663,62],{"class":54},[40,88665,675],{"class":58},[40,88667,2237],{"class":50},[40,88669,687],{"class":58},[40,88671,95],{"class":54},[20,88673,111],{},[31,88675,88677],{"className":33,"code":88676,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88678,88679,88683,88692],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88680,88681],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88682,84955],{"class":46},[40,88684,88685,88688,88690],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,88686,88687],{"class":46},"Score",[40,88689,2669],{"class":54},[40,88691,2369],{"class":58},[40,88693,88694,88696,88698],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,88695,45356],{"class":46},[40,88697,2669],{"class":54},[40,88699,2369],{"class":58},[20,88701,88702],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[129,88704,88706],{"id":88705},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88708,88709,88710,289],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88711,46205],{},[792,88713,88715],{"id":88714},"print-text","Print text",[20,88717,88718],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[31,88720,88722],{"className":33,"code":88721,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88723,88724,88738],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88725,88726,88728,88730,88732,88734,88736],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88727,101],{"class":84},[40,88729,88],{"class":54},[40,88731,213],{"class":212},[40,88733,34630],{"class":216},[40,88735,213],{"class":212},[40,88737,95],{"class":54},[40,88739,88740,88742,88744,88746,88749,88751],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,88741,101],{"class":84},[40,88743,88],{"class":54},[40,88745,213],{"class":212},[40,88747,88748],{"class":216},"Python is fun",[40,88750,213],{"class":212},[40,88752,95],{"class":54},[792,88754,88756],{"id":88755},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88758,88759],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[31,88761,88763],{"className":33,"code":88762,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88764,88765,88775],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88766,88767,88769,88771,88773],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88768,101],{"class":84},[40,88770,88],{"class":54},[40,88772,682],{"class":58},[40,88774,95],{"class":54},[40,88776,88777,88779,88781,88783],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,88778,101],{"class":84},[40,88780,88],{"class":54},[40,88782,39898],{"class":58},[40,88784,95],{"class":54},[792,88786,88788],{"id":88787},"print-variables","Print variables",[31,88790,88792],{"className":33,"code":88791,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88793,88794,88802],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88795,88796,88798,88800],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88797,4874],{"class":46},[40,88799,51],{"class":50},[40,88801,13898],{"class":58},[40,88803,88804,88806,88808,88810],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,88805,101],{"class":84},[40,88807,88],{"class":54},[40,88809,85119],{"class":91},[40,88811,95],{"class":54},[792,88813,88815],{"id":88814},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[31,88817,88819],{"className":33,"code":88818,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88820,88821,88835],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88822,88823,88825,88827,88829,88831,88833],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88824,101],{"class":84},[40,88826,88],{"class":54},[40,88828,744],{"class":58},[40,88830,2237],{"class":50},[40,88832,749],{"class":58},[40,88834,95],{"class":54},[40,88836,88837,88839,88841,88843,88845,88847],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,88838,101],{"class":84},[40,88840,88],{"class":54},[40,88842,59],{"class":58},[40,88844,82431],{"class":50},[40,88846,675],{"class":58},[40,88848,95],{"class":54},[20,88850,88851,88852,289],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[282,88853,50729],{"href":50728},[129,88855,88857],{"id":88856},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88859,88860,88862],{},[15,88861,46205],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88864,88865],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[31,88867,88869],{"className":33,"code":88868,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88870,88871,88884,88892,88896,88915],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88872,88873,88875,88877,88879,88882],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88874,7651],{"class":46},[40,88876,51],{"class":50},[40,88878,224],{"class":212},[40,88880,88881],{"class":216},"Ava",[40,88883,3146],{"class":212},[40,88885,88886,88888,88890],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,88887,21389],{"class":46},[40,88889,51],{"class":50},[40,88891,2369],{"class":58},[40,88893,88894],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,88895,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,88897,88898,88900,88902,88904,88907,88909,88911,88913],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,88899,101],{"class":84},[40,88901,88],{"class":54},[40,88903,213],{"class":212},[40,88905,88906],{"class":216},"Name:",[40,88908,213],{"class":212},[40,88910,62],{"class":54},[40,88912,35754],{"class":91},[40,88914,95],{"class":54},[40,88916,88917,88919,88921,88923,88926,88928,88930,88932],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,88918,101],{"class":84},[40,88920,88],{"class":54},[40,88922,213],{"class":212},[40,88924,88925],{"class":216},"Age:",[40,88927,213],{"class":212},[40,88929,62],{"class":54},[40,88931,8959],{"class":91},[40,88933,95],{"class":54},[20,88935,111],{},[31,88937,88939],{"className":33,"code":88938,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88940,88941,88951],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88942,88943,88946,88948],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88944,88945],{"class":46},"Name",[40,88947,2669],{"class":54},[40,88949,88950],{"class":46}," Ava\n",[40,88952,88953,88956,88958],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,88954,88955],{"class":46},"Age",[40,88957,2669],{"class":54},[40,88959,2369],{"class":58},[20,88961,88962,88963,289],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,88964,1843],{},[20,88966,88967],{},"For example, this works:",[31,88969,88971],{"className":33,"code":88970,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88972,88973,88981],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,88974,88975,88977,88979],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,88976,21389],{"class":46},[40,88978,51],{"class":50},[40,88980,2369],{"class":58},[40,88982,88983,88985,88987,88989,88991,88993,88995,88997],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,88984,101],{"class":84},[40,88986,88],{"class":54},[40,88988,213],{"class":212},[40,88990,88925],{"class":216},[40,88992,213],{"class":212},[40,88994,62],{"class":54},[40,88996,8959],{"class":91},[40,88998,95],{"class":54},[20,89000,36683],{},[31,89002,89004],{"className":33,"code":89003,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89005,89006,89014],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89007,89008,89010,89012],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89009,21389],{"class":46},[40,89011,51],{"class":50},[40,89013,2369],{"class":58},[40,89015,89016,89018,89020,89022,89025,89027,89029,89031],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,89017,101],{"class":84},[40,89019,88],{"class":54},[40,89021,213],{"class":212},[40,89023,89024],{"class":216},"Age: ",[40,89026,213],{"class":212},[40,89028,2237],{"class":50},[40,89030,8959],{"class":91},[40,89032,95],{"class":54},[20,89034,89035,89036,89039,89040,89042,89043,89045,89046,289],{},"That fails because ",[15,89037,89038],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89041,9069],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89044,1843],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[282,89047,89048],{"href":41928},[15,89049,47435],{},[129,89051,89053],{"id":89052},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89055,89056,89058],{},[15,89057,46205],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[134,89060,89061,89067,89072,89077],{},[137,89062,89063,89066],{},[15,89064,89065],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[137,89068,89069,89071],{},[15,89070,52406],{}," controls what is added after the output",[137,89073,89074,89076],{},[15,89075,86341],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[137,89078,89079,89082],{},[15,89080,89081],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89084,89085,89086,4176,89088,289],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89087,89065],{},[15,89089,52406],{},[129,89091,89093,36372],{"id":89092},"sep-argument",[15,89094,89065],{},[20,89096,606,89097,89099],{},[15,89098,89065],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89101,89102],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[792,89104,89106],{"id":89105},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[31,89108,89110],{"className":33,"code":89109,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89111,89112],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89113,89114,89116,89118,89120,89122,89124,89126,89128,89130,89132,89134,89136,89138,89140],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89115,101],{"class":84},[40,89117,88],{"class":54},[40,89119,213],{"class":212},[40,89121,318],{"class":216},[40,89123,213],{"class":212},[40,89125,62],{"class":54},[40,89127,224],{"class":212},[40,89129,327],{"class":216},[40,89131,213],{"class":212},[40,89133,62],{"class":54},[40,89135,224],{"class":212},[40,89137,336],{"class":216},[40,89139,213],{"class":212},[40,89141,95],{"class":54},[20,89143,111],{},[31,89145,89147],{"className":33,"code":89146,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"red green blue\n",[15,89148,89149],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89150,89151],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89152,89146],{"class":46},[792,89154,89156],{"id":89155},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[31,89158,89160],{"className":33,"code":89159,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89161,89162,89205],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89163,89164,89166,89168,89170,89172,89174,89176,89178,89180,89182,89184,89186,89188,89190,89192,89195,89197,89199,89201,89203],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89165,101],{"class":84},[40,89167,88],{"class":54},[40,89169,213],{"class":212},[40,89171,318],{"class":216},[40,89173,213],{"class":212},[40,89175,62],{"class":54},[40,89177,224],{"class":212},[40,89179,327],{"class":216},[40,89181,213],{"class":212},[40,89183,62],{"class":54},[40,89185,224],{"class":212},[40,89187,336],{"class":216},[40,89189,213],{"class":212},[40,89191,62],{"class":54},[40,89193,89194],{"class":8946}," sep",[40,89196,51],{"class":50},[40,89198,213],{"class":212},[40,89200,62],{"class":216},[40,89202,213],{"class":212},[40,89204,95],{"class":54},[40,89206,89207,89209,89211,89213,89215,89217,89219,89221,89223,89225,89227,89229,89231,89233,89235,89237,89239,89241,89244,89246],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,89208,101],{"class":84},[40,89210,88],{"class":54},[40,89212,213],{"class":212},[40,89214,318],{"class":216},[40,89216,213],{"class":212},[40,89218,62],{"class":54},[40,89220,224],{"class":212},[40,89222,327],{"class":216},[40,89224,213],{"class":212},[40,89226,62],{"class":54},[40,89228,224],{"class":212},[40,89230,336],{"class":216},[40,89232,213],{"class":212},[40,89234,62],{"class":54},[40,89236,89194],{"class":8946},[40,89238,51],{"class":50},[40,89240,213],{"class":212},[40,89242,89243],{"class":216}," - ",[40,89245,213],{"class":212},[40,89247,95],{"class":54},[20,89249,111],{},[31,89251,89253],{"className":33,"code":89252,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89254,89255,89267],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89256,89257,89259,89261,89263,89265],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89258,318],{"class":46},[40,89260,62],{"class":54},[40,89262,327],{"class":46},[40,89264,62],{"class":54},[40,89266,69580],{"class":46},[40,89268,89269,89272,89274,89277,89279],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,89270,89271],{"class":46},"red ",[40,89273,1806],{"class":50},[40,89275,89276],{"class":46}," green ",[40,89278,1806],{"class":50},[40,89280,35645],{"class":46},[20,89282,89283,89285],{},[15,89284,89065],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89287,89288,89289,289],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[282,89290,89292],{"href":89291},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[129,89294,89296,36372],{"id":89295},"end-argument",[15,89297,52406],{},[20,89299,89300,89301,89303,89304,89306],{},"By default, ",[15,89302,46205],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89305,46205],{}," starts on a new line.",[792,89308,89106],{"id":89309},"default-behavior-1",[31,89311,89313],{"className":33,"code":89312,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89314,89315,89329],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89316,89317,89319,89321,89323,89325,89327],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89318,101],{"class":84},[40,89320,88],{"class":54},[40,89322,213],{"class":212},[40,89324,34630],{"class":216},[40,89326,213],{"class":212},[40,89328,95],{"class":54},[40,89330,89331,89333,89335,89337,89340,89342],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,89332,101],{"class":84},[40,89334,88],{"class":54},[40,89336,213],{"class":212},[40,89338,89339],{"class":216},"World",[40,89341,213],{"class":212},[40,89343,95],{"class":54},[20,89345,111],{},[31,89347,89349],{"className":33,"code":89348,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89350,89351,89355],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89352,89353],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89354,88548],{"class":46},[40,89356,89357],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,89358,89359],{"class":46},"World\n",[792,89361,89363],{"id":89362},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[31,89365,89367],{"className":33,"code":89366,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89368,89369,89391],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89370,89371,89373,89375,89377,89379,89381,89383,89385,89387,89389],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89372,101],{"class":84},[40,89374,88],{"class":54},[40,89376,213],{"class":212},[40,89378,34630],{"class":216},[40,89380,213],{"class":212},[40,89382,62],{"class":54},[40,89384,64780],{"class":8946},[40,89386,51],{"class":50},[40,89388,6049],{"class":212},[40,89390,95],{"class":54},[40,89392,89393,89395,89397,89399,89401,89403],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,89394,101],{"class":84},[40,89396,88],{"class":54},[40,89398,213],{"class":212},[40,89400,89339],{"class":216},[40,89402,213],{"class":212},[40,89404,95],{"class":54},[20,89406,111],{},[31,89408,89410],{"className":33,"code":89409,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89411,89412],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89413,89414],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89415,89409],{"class":46},[792,89417,89419],{"id":89418},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[31,89421,89423],{"className":33,"code":89422,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89424,89425,89454],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89426,89427,89429,89431,89433,89435,89437,89439,89441,89443,89445,89448,89450,89452],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89428,101],{"class":84},[40,89430,88],{"class":54},[40,89432,213],{"class":212},[40,89434,34630],{"class":216},[40,89436,213],{"class":212},[40,89438,62],{"class":54},[40,89440,64780],{"class":8946},[40,89442,51],{"class":50},[40,89444,213],{"class":212},[40,89446,89447],{"class":216},"!",[40,89449,86752],{"class":34215},[40,89451,213],{"class":212},[40,89453,95],{"class":54},[40,89455,89456,89458,89460,89462,89464,89466],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,89457,101],{"class":84},[40,89459,88],{"class":54},[40,89461,213],{"class":212},[40,89463,89339],{"class":216},[40,89465,213],{"class":212},[40,89467,95],{"class":54},[20,89469,111],{},[31,89471,89473],{"className":33,"code":89472,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89474,89475,89480],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89476,89477],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89478,89479],{"class":46},"Hello!\n",[40,89481,89482],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,89483,89359],{"class":46},[20,89485,606,89486,89488],{},[15,89487,52406],{}," argument is useful for:",[134,89490,89491,89494,89497],{},[137,89492,89493],{},"progress messages",[137,89495,89496],{},"inline output",[137,89498,89499],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[129,89501,89503,398,89505],{"id":89502},"print-returns-none",[15,89504,46205],{},[15,89506,3565],{},[20,89508,89509,89510,89512],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89511,46205],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89514,195],{},[31,89516,89518],{"className":33,"code":89517,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89519,89520,89540],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89521,89522,89524,89526,89529,89531,89533,89536,89538],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89523,2013],{"class":46},[40,89525,51],{"class":50},[40,89527,89528],{"class":84}," print",[40,89530,88],{"class":54},[40,89532,213],{"class":212},[40,89534,89535],{"class":216},"Hi",[40,89537,213],{"class":212},[40,89539,95],{"class":54},[40,89541,89542,89544,89546,89548],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,89543,101],{"class":84},[40,89545,88],{"class":54},[40,89547,2048],{"class":91},[40,89549,95],{"class":54},[20,89551,111],{},[31,89553,89555],{"className":33,"code":89554,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89556,89557,89562],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89558,89559],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89560,89561],{"class":46},"Hi\n",[40,89563,89564],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,89565,11577],{"class":1494},[20,89567,89568],{},"Why does this happen?",[134,89570,89571,89579,89584],{},[137,89572,89573,89576,89577],{},[15,89574,89575],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89578,89535],{},[137,89580,89581,89582],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89583,3565],{},[137,89585,89586,89587,11689,89589],{},"so ",[15,89588,2048],{},[15,89590,3565],{},[20,89592,89593,89594,89596],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89595,46205],{}," call.",[31,89598,89600],{"className":33,"code":89599,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89601,89602,89615],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89603,89604,89607,89609,89611,89613],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89605,89606],{"class":46},"message ",[40,89608,51],{"class":50},[40,89610,224],{"class":212},[40,89612,89535],{"class":216},[40,89614,3146],{"class":212},[40,89616,89617,89619,89621,89624],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,89618,101],{"class":84},[40,89620,88],{"class":54},[40,89622,89623],{"class":91},"message",[40,89625,95],{"class":54},[20,89627,89628,89629,89631,89632,89636],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89630,46205],{}," with functions like ",[282,89633,89634],{"href":7991},[15,89635,2743],{},", which do return a value.",[129,89638,89640,89641],{"id":89639},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89642,46205],{},[20,89644,89645,89646,89648],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89647,46205],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[134,89650,89651,89654,89657,89660],{},[137,89652,89653],{},"to display results to the user",[137,89655,89656],{},"to show messages in a script",[137,89658,89659],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[137,89661,89662],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89664,195],{},[31,89666,89668],{"className":33,"code":89667,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89669,89670,89678,89682,89702,89713],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89671,89672,89674,89676],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89673,40937],{"class":46},[40,89675,51],{"class":50},[40,89677,38267],{"class":58},[40,89679,89680],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,89681,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,89683,89684,89686,89688,89690,89692,89694,89696,89698,89700],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,89685,1548],{"class":535},[40,89687,6164],{"class":46},[40,89689,1554],{"class":535},[40,89691,1557],{"class":84},[40,89693,88],{"class":54},[40,89695,658],{"class":58},[40,89697,62],{"class":54},[40,89699,675],{"class":58},[40,89701,8112],{"class":54},[40,89703,89704,89707,89710],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,89705,89706],{"class":46},"    total ",[40,89708,89709],{"class":50},"+=",[40,89711,89712],{"class":46}," number\n",[40,89714,89715,89717,89719,89721,89724,89726,89728,89730,89732,89734,89736,89738,89740,89742],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,89716,558],{"class":84},[40,89718,88],{"class":54},[40,89720,213],{"class":212},[40,89722,89723],{"class":216},"Current number:",[40,89725,213],{"class":212},[40,89727,62],{"class":54},[40,89729,1981],{"class":91},[40,89731,62],{"class":54},[40,89733,224],{"class":212},[40,89735,45316],{"class":216},[40,89737,213],{"class":212},[40,89739,62],{"class":54},[40,89741,45323],{"class":91},[40,89743,95],{"class":54},[20,89745,111],{},[31,89747,89749],{"className":33,"code":89748,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89750,89751,89767,89781],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89752,89753,89756,89758,89760,89763,89765],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89754,89755],{"class":46},"Current number",[40,89757,2669],{"class":54},[40,89759,1226],{"class":58},[40,89761,89762],{"class":46}," Total",[40,89764,2669],{"class":54},[40,89766,29375],{"class":58},[40,89768,89769,89771,89773,89775,89777,89779],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,89770,89755],{"class":46},[40,89772,2669],{"class":54},[40,89774,663],{"class":58},[40,89776,89762],{"class":46},[40,89778,2669],{"class":54},[40,89780,2360],{"class":58},[40,89782,89783,89785,89787,89789,89791,89793],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,89784,89755],{"class":46},[40,89786,2669],{"class":54},[40,89788,749],{"class":58},[40,89790,89762],{"class":46},[40,89792,2669],{"class":54},[40,89794,89795],{"class":58}," 6\n",[20,89797,89798,89799,289],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[282,89800,89802],{"href":89801},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[129,89804,2613],{"id":2612},[20,89806,89807,89808,289],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89809,46205],{},[792,89811,89813],{"id":89812},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89815,89816],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[31,89818,89820],{"className":33,"code":89819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89821,89822],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89823,89824,89826,89828,89830],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89825,101],{"class":84},[40,89827,88],{"class":54},[40,89829,34630],{"class":91},[40,89831,95],{"class":54},[20,89833,8646,89834,89836],{},[15,89835,34630],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89838,10577],{},[31,89840,89842],{"className":33,"code":89841,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89843,89844],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89845,89846,89848,89850,89852,89854,89856],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89847,101],{"class":84},[40,89849,88],{"class":54},[40,89851,213],{"class":212},[40,89853,34630],{"class":216},[40,89855,213],{"class":212},[40,89857,95],{"class":54},[792,89859,795,89861,89863],{"id":89860},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89862,101],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89865,89866],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[31,89868,89870],{"className":33,"code":89869,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89871,89872],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89873,89874,89876,89878,89880],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89875,101],{"class":84},[40,89877,224],{"class":212},[40,89879,34630],{"class":216},[40,89881,3146],{"class":212},[20,89883,10577],{},[31,89885,89886],{"className":33,"code":89841,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,89887,89888],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89889,89890,89892,89894,89896,89898,89900],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89891,101],{"class":84},[40,89893,88],{"class":54},[40,89895,213],{"class":212},[40,89897,34630],{"class":216},[40,89899,213],{"class":212},[40,89901,95],{"class":54},[792,89903,89905,89906],{"id":89904},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89907,1843],{},[20,89909,89910,89911,289],{},"This causes a ",[15,89912,2790],{},[31,89914,89915],{"className":33,"code":89003,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,89916,89917,89925],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89918,89919,89921,89923],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89920,21389],{"class":46},[40,89922,51],{"class":50},[40,89924,2369],{"class":58},[40,89926,89927,89929,89931,89933,89935,89937,89939,89941],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,89928,101],{"class":84},[40,89930,88],{"class":54},[40,89932,213],{"class":212},[40,89934,89024],{"class":216},[40,89936,213],{"class":212},[40,89938,2237],{"class":50},[40,89940,8959],{"class":91},[40,89942,95],{"class":54},[20,89944,89945],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[31,89947,89949],{"className":33,"code":89948,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89950,89951],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89952,89953,89955,89957,89959,89961,89963,89965,89967],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89954,101],{"class":84},[40,89956,88],{"class":54},[40,89958,213],{"class":212},[40,89960,88925],{"class":216},[40,89962,213],{"class":212},[40,89964,62],{"class":54},[40,89966,8959],{"class":91},[40,89968,95],{"class":54},[20,89970,89971],{},"Or convert the number first:",[31,89973,89975],{"className":33,"code":89974,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,89976,89977],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,89978,89979,89981,89983,89985,89987,89989,89991,89993,89995,89997],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,89980,101],{"class":84},[40,89982,88],{"class":54},[40,89984,213],{"class":212},[40,89986,89024],{"class":216},[40,89988,213],{"class":212},[40,89990,2237],{"class":50},[40,89992,48656],{"class":609},[40,89994,88],{"class":54},[40,89996,9069],{"class":91},[40,89998,256],{"class":54},[20,90000,90001,90002,289],{},"If you see this error, read ",[282,90003,90005],{"href":90004},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[792,90007,8223,90009,90011],{"id":90008},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90010,46205],{}," to return a value",[20,90013,90014,90015,35093,90018,2669],{},"This does not store ",[15,90016,90017],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90019,2048],{},[31,90021,90023],{"className":33,"code":90022,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90024,90025],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90026,90027,90029,90031,90033,90035,90037,90039,90041],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90028,2013],{"class":46},[40,90030,51],{"class":50},[40,90032,89528],{"class":84},[40,90034,88],{"class":54},[40,90036,213],{"class":212},[40,90038,34630],{"class":216},[40,90040,213],{"class":212},[40,90042,95],{"class":54},[20,90044,90045,90046,289],{},"It stores ",[15,90047,3565],{},[792,90049,90051,90052,4176,90054],{"id":90050},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90053,89065],{},[15,90055,52406],{},[20,90057,85411],{},[134,90059,90060,90069],{},[137,90061,90062,90064,90065,90068],{},[15,90063,89065],{}," changes what goes ",[183,90066,90067],{},"between"," multiple values",[137,90070,90071,90073,90074,90077],{},[15,90072,52406],{}," changes what appears ",[183,90075,90076],{},"after"," the output",[129,90079,90081],{"id":90080},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90083,90084,90085,90087],{},"These simple ",[15,90086,46205],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[31,90089,90091],{"className":33,"code":90090,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90092,90093,90113,90128],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90094,90095,90097,90099,90101,90104,90106,90108,90111],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90096,101],{"class":84},[40,90098,88],{"class":54},[40,90100,213],{"class":212},[40,90102,90103],{"class":216},"Debug:",[40,90105,213],{"class":212},[40,90107,62],{"class":54},[40,90109,90110],{"class":91}," variable_name",[40,90112,95],{"class":54},[40,90114,90115,90117,90119,90121,90123,90126],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,90116,101],{"class":84},[40,90118,88],{"class":54},[40,90120,1297],{"class":609},[40,90122,88],{"class":54},[40,90124,90125],{"class":91},"variable_name",[40,90127,256],{"class":54},[40,90129,90130,90132,90134,90136],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,90131,31913],{"class":84},[40,90133,88],{"class":54},[40,90135,101],{"class":84},[40,90137,95],{"class":54},[20,90139,90140],{},"What they do:",[134,90142,90143,90149,90155],{},[137,90144,90145,90148],{},[15,90146,90147],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[137,90150,90151,90154],{},[15,90152,90153],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[137,90156,90157,90160,90161],{},[15,90158,90159],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90162,46205],{},[129,90164,1636],{"id":1635},[792,90166,12474,90168,90170],{"id":90167},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90169,46205],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90172,90173,90174,90176,90177,36378],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90175,46205],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90178,52406],{},[792,90180,4947,90182,90184],{"id":90181},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90183,46205],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90186,90187,90188,90190],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90189,46205],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[792,90192,4935,90194,4938,90197,2275],{"id":90193},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90195,90196],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90198,3565],{},[20,90200,28821,90201,90203],{},[15,90202,46205],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[792,90205,90207],{"id":90206},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90209,90210],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[31,90212,90214],{"className":33,"code":90213,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90215,90216],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90217,90218,90220,90222,90224,90226,90228,90230,90232],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90219,101],{"class":84},[40,90221,88],{"class":54},[40,90223,213],{"class":212},[40,90225,88925],{"class":216},[40,90227,213],{"class":212},[40,90229,62],{"class":54},[40,90231,5781],{"class":58},[40,90233,95],{"class":54},[20,90235,90236,90237,39684],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90238,47435],{},[792,90240,4957,90242,4176,90244,2275],{"id":90241},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90243,89065],{},[15,90245,52406],{},[134,90247,90248,90253],{},[137,90249,90250,90252],{},[15,90251,89065],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[137,90254,90255,90257],{},[15,90256,52406],{}," changes what appears after the output",[129,90259,1687],{"id":1686},[134,90261,90262,90266,90272,90278,90283,90288],{},[137,90263,90264],{},[282,90265,50729],{"href":50728},[137,90267,90268],{},[282,90269,285,90270,288],{"href":7991},[15,90271,2743],{},[137,90273,90274],{},[282,90275,285,90276,288],{"href":41928},[15,90277,47435],{},[137,90279,90280],{},[282,90281,90282],{"href":89291},"How to format strings in Python",[137,90284,90285],{},[282,90286,90287],{"href":89801},"How to debug Python code",[137,90289,90290],{},[282,90291,90005],{"href":90004},[1715,90293,90294],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":90296},[90297,90298,90300,90301,90307,90308,90309,90314,90320,90322,90324,90335,90336,90347],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":88469,"depth":76,"text":90299},"What print() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":88705,"depth":76,"text":88706,"children":90302},[90303,90304,90305,90306],{"id":88714,"depth":98,"text":88715},{"id":88755,"depth":98,"text":88756},{"id":88787,"depth":98,"text":88788},{"id":88814,"depth":98,"text":88815},{"id":88856,"depth":76,"text":88857},{"id":89052,"depth":76,"text":89053},{"id":89092,"depth":76,"text":90310,"children":90311},"sep argument",[90312,90313],{"id":89105,"depth":98,"text":89106},{"id":89155,"depth":98,"text":89156},{"id":89295,"depth":76,"text":90315,"children":90316},"end argument",[90317,90318,90319],{"id":89309,"depth":98,"text":89106},{"id":89362,"depth":98,"text":89363},{"id":89418,"depth":98,"text":89419},{"id":89502,"depth":76,"text":90321},"print() returns None",{"id":89639,"depth":76,"text":90323},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":90325},[90326,90327,90329,90331,90333],{"id":89812,"depth":98,"text":89813},{"id":89860,"depth":98,"text":90328},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89904,"depth":98,"text":90330},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90008,"depth":98,"text":90332},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90050,"depth":98,"text":90334},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90080,"depth":76,"text":90081},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":90337},[90338,90340,90342,90344,90345],{"id":90167,"depth":98,"text":90339},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90181,"depth":98,"text":90341},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90193,"depth":98,"text":90343},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90206,"depth":98,"text":90207},{"id":90241,"depth":98,"text":90346},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88352,"description":90348},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90355,"title":90356,"body":90357,"description":92661,"extension":1746,"meta":92662,"navigation":360,"path":92663,"seo":92664,"stem":92665,"__hash__":92666},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90358,"toc":92607},[90359,90364,90369,90382,90384,90449,90460,90465,90470,90472,90495,90498,90529,90531,90548,90553,90559,90564,90613,90616,90633,90639,90644,90667,90669,90697,90703,90711,90738,90740,90765,90771,90774,90805,90807,90836,90840,90843,90848,90870,90872,90900,90906,90912,90938,90940,90964,90970,90976,91006,91008,91036,91046,91050,91056,91089,91091,91120,91123,91126,91159,91161,91169,91175,91177,91200,91205,91214,91219,91233,91235,91275,91277,91307,91311,91346,91352,91356,91400,91402,91432,91438,91441,91520,91522,91544,91552,91555,91618,91626,91701,91707,91714,91719,91724,91747,91749,91770,91772,91785,91787,91834,91836,91875,91884,91886,91890,91894,91897,91924,91927,91956,91959,91983,91986,91994,92000,92022,92024,92052,92056,92061,92116,92121,92123,92180,92187,92196,92199,92231,92233,92241,92244,92250,92252,92275,92278,92284,92287,92306,92308,92327,92330,92352,92354,92382,92386,92390,92495,92497,92510,92512,92518,92521,92529,92534,92540,92546,92551,92559,92565,92572,92574,92604],[10,90360,285,90362,3366],{"id":90361},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90363,35954],{},[20,90365,32078,90366,90368],{},[15,90367,35954],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90370,90371,90372,90374,90375,90377,90378,90381],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90373,1548],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90376,35954],{}," stops ",[183,90379,90380],{},"before"," the end value.",[129,90383,1787],{"id":1786},[31,90385,90387],{"className":33,"code":90386,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90388,90389,90405,90415,90419,90424,90429,90434,90439,90444],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90390,90391,90393,90395,90397,90399,90401,90403],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90392,1548],{"class":535},[40,90394,1551],{"class":46},[40,90396,1554],{"class":535},[40,90398,1557],{"class":84},[40,90400,88],{"class":54},[40,90402,682],{"class":58},[40,90404,8112],{"class":54},[40,90406,90407,90409,90411,90413],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,90408,558],{"class":84},[40,90410,88],{"class":54},[40,90412,1578],{"class":91},[40,90414,95],{"class":54},[40,90416,90417],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,90418,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,90420,90421],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,90422,90423],{"class":3449},"# Output:\n",[40,90425,90426],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,90427,90428],{"class":3449},"# 0\n",[40,90430,90431],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,90432,90433],{"class":3449},"# 1\n",[40,90435,90436],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,90437,90438],{"class":3449},"# 2\n",[40,90440,90441],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,90442,90443],{"class":3449},"# 3\n",[40,90445,90446],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,90447,90448],{"class":3449},"# 4\n",[20,90450,90451,90454,90455,90457,90458,289],{},[15,90452,90453],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90456,192],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90459,682],{},[129,90461,158,90463,3466],{"id":90462},"what-range-does",[15,90464,35954],{},[20,90466,90467,90469],{},[15,90468,35954],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90471,12821],{},[134,90473,90474,90479,90485,90490],{},[137,90475,90476,90478],{},[15,90477,35954],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[137,90480,90481,90482,90484],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90483,1548],{}," loops",[137,90486,90487,90488],{},"The stop value is ",[183,90489,64809],{},[137,90491,17187,90492,90494],{},[15,90493,59738],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90496,90497],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[31,90499,90501],{"className":33,"code":90500,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90502,90503,90519],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90504,90505,90507,90509,90511,90513,90515,90517],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90506,1548],{"class":535},[40,90508,6164],{"class":46},[40,90510,1554],{"class":535},[40,90512,1557],{"class":84},[40,90514,88],{"class":54},[40,90516,401],{"class":58},[40,90518,8112],{"class":54},[40,90520,90521,90523,90525,90527],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,90522,558],{"class":84},[40,90524,88],{"class":54},[40,90526,2023],{"class":91},[40,90528,95],{"class":54},[20,90530,111],{},[31,90532,90534],{"className":33,"code":90533,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90535,90536,90540,90544],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90537,90538],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90539,504],{"class":58},[40,90541,90542],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,90543,46669],{"class":58},[40,90545,90546],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,90547,1489],{"class":58},[20,90549,90550,90551,289],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[282,90552,35787],{"href":35786},[129,90554,90556,90558],{"id":90555},"range-syntax",[15,90557,35954],{}," syntax",[20,90560,90561,90563],{},[15,90562,35954],{}," has three common forms:",[31,90565,90567],{"className":33,"code":90566,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90568,90569,90579,90594],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90570,90571,90573,90575,90577],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90572,59738],{"class":84},[40,90574,88],{"class":54},[40,90576,75025],{"class":91},[40,90578,95],{"class":54},[40,90580,90581,90583,90585,90587,90589,90592],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,90582,59738],{"class":84},[40,90584,88],{"class":54},[40,90586,35831],{"class":91},[40,90588,62],{"class":54},[40,90590,90591],{"class":91}," stop",[40,90593,95],{"class":54},[40,90595,90596,90598,90600,90602,90604,90606,90608,90611],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,90597,59738],{"class":84},[40,90599,88],{"class":54},[40,90601,35831],{"class":91},[40,90603,62],{"class":54},[40,90605,90591],{"class":91},[40,90607,62],{"class":54},[40,90609,90610],{"class":91}," step",[40,90612,95],{"class":54},[20,90614,90615],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[134,90617,90618,90623,90628],{},[137,90619,90620,90622],{},[15,90621,35831],{}," = first number",[137,90624,90625,90627],{},[15,90626,75025],{}," = end limit, not included",[137,90629,90630,90632],{},[15,90631,75028],{}," = amount to move each time",[792,90634,90636],{"id":90635},"rangestop",[15,90637,90638],{},"range(stop)",[20,90640,90641,90642,289],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90643,192],{},[31,90645,90647],{"className":33,"code":90646,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90648,90649],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90650,90651,90653,90655,90657,90659,90661,90663,90665],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90652,101],{"class":84},[40,90654,88],{"class":54},[40,90656,610],{"class":609},[40,90658,88],{"class":54},[40,90660,59738],{"class":84},[40,90662,88],{"class":54},[40,90664,682],{"class":58},[40,90666,2697],{"class":54},[20,90668,111],{},[31,90670,90671],{"className":33,"code":59761,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,90672,90673],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90674,90675,90677,90679,90681,90683,90685,90687,90689,90691,90693,90695],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90676,565],{"class":54},[40,90678,192],{"class":58},[40,90680,62],{"class":54},[40,90682,1226],{"class":58},[40,90684,62],{"class":54},[40,90686,663],{"class":58},[40,90688,62],{"class":54},[40,90690,749],{"class":58},[40,90692,62],{"class":54},[40,90694,675],{"class":58},[40,90696,73],{"class":54},[792,90698,90700],{"id":90699},"rangestart-stop",[15,90701,90702],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90704,90705,90706,90708,90709,289],{},"This starts at ",[15,90707,35831],{}," and stops before ",[15,90710,75025],{},[31,90712,90714],{"className":33,"code":90713,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90715,90716],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90717,90718,90720,90722,90724,90726,90728,90730,90732,90734,90736],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90719,101],{"class":84},[40,90721,88],{"class":54},[40,90723,610],{"class":609},[40,90725,88],{"class":54},[40,90727,59738],{"class":84},[40,90729,88],{"class":54},[40,90731,744],{"class":58},[40,90733,62],{"class":54},[40,90735,687],{"class":58},[40,90737,2697],{"class":54},[20,90739,111],{},[31,90741,90743],{"className":33,"code":90742,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90744,90745],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90746,90747,90749,90751,90753,90755,90757,90759,90761,90763],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90748,565],{"class":54},[40,90750,744],{"class":58},[40,90752,62],{"class":54},[40,90754,749],{"class":58},[40,90756,62],{"class":54},[40,90758,675],{"class":58},[40,90760,62],{"class":54},[40,90762,4387],{"class":58},[40,90764,73],{"class":54},[792,90766,90768],{"id":90767},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90769,90770],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90772,90773],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[31,90775,90777],{"className":33,"code":90776,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90778,90779],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90780,90781,90783,90785,90787,90789,90791,90793,90795,90797,90799,90801,90803],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90782,101],{"class":84},[40,90784,88],{"class":54},[40,90786,610],{"class":609},[40,90788,88],{"class":54},[40,90790,59738],{"class":84},[40,90792,88],{"class":54},[40,90794,658],{"class":58},[40,90796,62],{"class":54},[40,90798,5781],{"class":58},[40,90800,62],{"class":54},[40,90802,663],{"class":58},[40,90804,2697],{"class":54},[20,90806,111],{},[31,90808,90810],{"className":33,"code":90809,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90811,90812],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90813,90814,90816,90818,90820,90822,90824,90826,90828,90830,90832,90834],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90815,565],{"class":54},[40,90817,658],{"class":58},[40,90819,62],{"class":54},[40,90821,749],{"class":58},[40,90823,62],{"class":54},[40,90825,4387],{"class":58},[40,90827,62],{"class":54},[40,90829,5770],{"class":58},[40,90831,62],{"class":54},[40,90833,53879],{"class":58},[40,90835,73],{"class":54},[129,90837,90839],{"id":90838},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90841,90842],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[792,90844,90846],{"id":90845},"range5",[15,90847,90453],{},[31,90849,90850],{"className":33,"code":90646,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,90851,90852],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90853,90854,90856,90858,90860,90862,90864,90866,90868],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90855,101],{"class":84},[40,90857,88],{"class":54},[40,90859,610],{"class":609},[40,90861,88],{"class":54},[40,90863,59738],{"class":84},[40,90865,88],{"class":54},[40,90867,682],{"class":58},[40,90869,2697],{"class":54},[20,90871,111],{},[31,90873,90874],{"className":33,"code":59761,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,90875,90876],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90877,90878,90880,90882,90884,90886,90888,90890,90892,90894,90896,90898],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90879,565],{"class":54},[40,90881,192],{"class":58},[40,90883,62],{"class":54},[40,90885,1226],{"class":58},[40,90887,62],{"class":54},[40,90889,663],{"class":58},[40,90891,62],{"class":54},[40,90893,749],{"class":58},[40,90895,62],{"class":54},[40,90897,675],{"class":58},[40,90899,73],{"class":54},[20,90901,90705,90902,90708,90904,289],{},[15,90903,192],{},[15,90905,682],{},[792,90907,90909],{"id":90908},"range2-6",[15,90910,90911],{},"range(2, 6)",[31,90913,90914],{"className":33,"code":90713,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,90915,90916],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90917,90918,90920,90922,90924,90926,90928,90930,90932,90934,90936],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90919,101],{"class":84},[40,90921,88],{"class":54},[40,90923,610],{"class":609},[40,90925,88],{"class":54},[40,90927,59738],{"class":84},[40,90929,88],{"class":54},[40,90931,744],{"class":58},[40,90933,62],{"class":54},[40,90935,687],{"class":58},[40,90937,2697],{"class":54},[20,90939,111],{},[31,90941,90942],{"className":33,"code":90742,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,90943,90944],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90945,90946,90948,90950,90952,90954,90956,90958,90960,90962],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90947,565],{"class":54},[40,90949,744],{"class":58},[40,90951,62],{"class":54},[40,90953,749],{"class":58},[40,90955,62],{"class":54},[40,90957,675],{"class":58},[40,90959,62],{"class":54},[40,90961,4387],{"class":58},[40,90963,73],{"class":54},[20,90965,90705,90966,90708,90968,289],{},[15,90967,744],{},[15,90969,80193],{},[792,90971,90973],{"id":90972},"range1-10-2",[15,90974,90975],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[31,90977,90978],{"className":33,"code":90776,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,90979,90980],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,90981,90982,90984,90986,90988,90990,90992,90994,90996,90998,91000,91002,91004],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,90983,101],{"class":84},[40,90985,88],{"class":54},[40,90987,610],{"class":609},[40,90989,88],{"class":54},[40,90991,59738],{"class":84},[40,90993,88],{"class":54},[40,90995,658],{"class":58},[40,90997,62],{"class":54},[40,90999,5781],{"class":58},[40,91001,62],{"class":54},[40,91003,663],{"class":58},[40,91005,2697],{"class":54},[20,91007,111],{},[31,91009,91010],{"className":33,"code":90809,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,91011,91012],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91013,91014,91016,91018,91020,91022,91024,91026,91028,91030,91032,91034],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91015,565],{"class":54},[40,91017,658],{"class":58},[40,91019,62],{"class":54},[40,91021,749],{"class":58},[40,91023,62],{"class":54},[40,91025,4387],{"class":58},[40,91027,62],{"class":54},[40,91029,5770],{"class":58},[40,91031,62],{"class":54},[40,91033,53879],{"class":58},[40,91035,73],{"class":54},[20,91037,91038,91039,91041,91042,61040,91044,289],{},"This moves by ",[15,91040,744],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91043,658],{},[15,91045,1926],{},[792,91047,91049],{"id":91048},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91051,91052,91053,91055],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91054,35954],{}," count backward.",[31,91057,91059],{"className":33,"code":91058,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91060,91061],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91062,91063,91065,91067,91069,91071,91073,91075,91077,91079,91081,91083,91085,91087],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91064,101],{"class":84},[40,91066,88],{"class":54},[40,91068,610],{"class":609},[40,91070,88],{"class":54},[40,91072,59738],{"class":84},[40,91074,88],{"class":54},[40,91076,682],{"class":58},[40,91078,62],{"class":54},[40,91080,550],{"class":58},[40,91082,62],{"class":54},[40,91084,1223],{"class":50},[40,91086,658],{"class":58},[40,91088,2697],{"class":54},[20,91090,111],{},[31,91092,91094],{"className":33,"code":91093,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91095,91096],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91097,91098,91100,91102,91104,91106,91108,91110,91112,91114,91116,91118],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91099,565],{"class":54},[40,91101,682],{"class":58},[40,91103,62],{"class":54},[40,91105,675],{"class":58},[40,91107,62],{"class":54},[40,91109,749],{"class":58},[40,91111,62],{"class":54},[40,91113,663],{"class":58},[40,91115,62],{"class":54},[40,91117,1226],{"class":58},[40,91119,73],{"class":54},[20,91121,91122],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91124,91125],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[31,91127,91129],{"className":33,"code":91128,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91130,91131],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91132,91133,91135,91137,91139,91141,91143,91145,91147,91149,91151,91153,91155,91157],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91134,101],{"class":84},[40,91136,88],{"class":54},[40,91138,610],{"class":609},[40,91140,88],{"class":54},[40,91142,59738],{"class":84},[40,91144,88],{"class":54},[40,91146,658],{"class":58},[40,91148,62],{"class":54},[40,91150,4387],{"class":58},[40,91152,62],{"class":54},[40,91154,1223],{"class":50},[40,91156,658],{"class":58},[40,91158,2697],{"class":54},[20,91160,111],{},[31,91162,91163],{"className":33,"code":38053,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,91164,91165],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91166,91167],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91168,38053],{"class":54},[792,91170,91171,76188,91173],{"id":76412},[15,91172,75028],{},[15,91174,192],{},[20,91176,2620],{},[31,91178,91180],{"className":33,"code":91179,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91181,91182],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91183,91184,91186,91188,91190,91192,91194,91196,91198],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91185,59738],{"class":84},[40,91187,88],{"class":54},[40,91189,658],{"class":58},[40,91191,62],{"class":54},[40,91193,4387],{"class":58},[40,91195,62],{"class":54},[40,91197,550],{"class":58},[40,91199,95],{"class":54},[20,91201,76457,91202,91204],{},[15,91203,40459],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[129,91206,795,91208,91210,91211,91213],{"id":91207},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91209,35954],{}," in a ",[15,91212,1548],{}," loop",[20,91215,91216,91218],{},[15,91217,35954],{}," is most useful when:",[134,91220,91221,91224,91227],{},[137,91222,91223],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[137,91225,91226],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[137,91228,91229,91230],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91231,91232],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91234,195],{},[31,91236,91238],{"className":33,"code":91237,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91239,91240,91256],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91241,91242,91244,91246,91248,91250,91252,91254],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91243,1548],{"class":535},[40,91245,1551],{"class":46},[40,91247,1554],{"class":535},[40,91249,1557],{"class":84},[40,91251,88],{"class":54},[40,91253,401],{"class":58},[40,91255,8112],{"class":54},[40,91257,91258,91260,91262,91264,91267,91269,91271,91273],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,91259,558],{"class":84},[40,91261,88],{"class":54},[40,91263,213],{"class":212},[40,91265,91266],{"class":216},"Loop number:",[40,91268,213],{"class":212},[40,91270,62],{"class":54},[40,91272,35887],{"class":91},[40,91274,95],{"class":54},[20,91276,111],{},[31,91278,91280],{"className":33,"code":91279,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91281,91282,91291,91299],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91283,91284,91287,91289],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91285,91286],{"class":46},"Loop number",[40,91288,2669],{"class":54},[40,91290,38267],{"class":58},[40,91292,91293,91295,91297],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,91294,91286],{"class":46},[40,91296,2669],{"class":54},[40,91298,29375],{"class":58},[40,91300,91301,91303,91305],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,91302,91286],{"class":46},[40,91304,2669],{"class":54},[40,91306,45342],{"class":58},[792,91308,91310],{"id":91309},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[31,91312,91314],{"className":33,"code":91313,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91315,91316,91332],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91317,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326,91328,91330],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91319,1548],{"class":535},[40,91321,1551],{"class":46},[40,91323,1554],{"class":535},[40,91325,1557],{"class":84},[40,91327,88],{"class":54},[40,91329,682],{"class":58},[40,91331,8112],{"class":54},[40,91333,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342,91344],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,91335,558],{"class":84},[40,91337,88],{"class":54},[40,91339,213],{"class":212},[40,91341,34630],{"class":216},[40,91343,213],{"class":212},[40,91345,95],{"class":54},[20,91347,91348,91349,91351],{},"This prints ",[15,91350,90017],{}," five times.",[792,91353,91355],{"id":91354},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[31,91357,91359],{"className":33,"code":91358,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91360,91361,91381],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91362,91363,91365,91367,91369,91371,91373,91375,91377,91379],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91364,1548],{"class":535},[40,91366,1551],{"class":46},[40,91368,1554],{"class":535},[40,91370,1557],{"class":84},[40,91372,88],{"class":54},[40,91374,658],{"class":58},[40,91376,62],{"class":54},[40,91378,675],{"class":58},[40,91380,8112],{"class":54},[40,91382,91383,91385,91387,91389,91392,91394,91396,91398],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,91384,558],{"class":84},[40,91386,88],{"class":54},[40,91388,213],{"class":212},[40,91390,91391],{"class":216},"Current number is",[40,91393,213],{"class":212},[40,91395,62],{"class":54},[40,91397,35887],{"class":91},[40,91399,95],{"class":54},[20,91401,111],{},[31,91403,91405],{"className":33,"code":91404,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91406,91407,91416,91424],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91408,91409,91412,91414],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91410,91411],{"class":46},"Current number ",[40,91413,11963],{"class":50},[40,91415,29375],{"class":58},[40,91417,91418,91420,91422],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,91419,91411],{"class":46},[40,91421,11963],{"class":50},[40,91423,45342],{"class":58},[40,91425,91426,91428,91430],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,91427,91411],{"class":46},[40,91429,11963],{"class":50},[40,91431,2360],{"class":58},[792,91433,91435,91437],{"id":91434},"range-and-indexing",[15,91436,35954],{}," and indexing",[20,91439,91440],{},"You may see code like this:",[31,91442,91444],{"className":33,"code":91443,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91445,91446,91478,91482,91502],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91447,91448,91450,91452,91454,91456,91458,91460,91462,91464,91466,91468,91470,91472,91474,91476],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91449,479],{"class":46},[40,91451,51],{"class":50},[40,91453,55],{"class":54},[40,91455,213],{"class":212},[40,91457,282],{"class":216},[40,91459,213],{"class":212},[40,91461,62],{"class":54},[40,91463,224],{"class":212},[40,91465,1017],{"class":216},[40,91467,213],{"class":212},[40,91469,62],{"class":54},[40,91471,224],{"class":212},[40,91473,1026],{"class":216},[40,91475,213],{"class":212},[40,91477,73],{"class":54},[40,91479,91480],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,91481,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,91483,91484,91486,91488,91490,91492,91494,91496,91498,91500],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,91485,1548],{"class":535},[40,91487,1551],{"class":46},[40,91489,1554],{"class":535},[40,91491,1557],{"class":84},[40,91493,88],{"class":54},[40,91495,17],{"class":84},[40,91497,88],{"class":54},[40,91499,497],{"class":91},[40,91501,1569],{"class":54},[40,91503,91504,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514,91516,91518],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,91505,558],{"class":84},[40,91507,88],{"class":54},[40,91509,1578],{"class":91},[40,91511,62],{"class":54},[40,91513,5742],{"class":91},[40,91515,565],{"class":54},[40,91517,1578],{"class":91},[40,91519,570],{"class":54},[20,91521,111],{},[31,91523,91524],{"className":33,"code":35922,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,91525,91526,91532,91538],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91527,91528,91530],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91529,192],{"class":58},[40,91531,35931],{"class":46},[40,91533,91534,91536],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,91535,658],{"class":58},[40,91537,35938],{"class":46},[40,91539,91540,91542],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,91541,744],{"class":58},[40,91543,35945],{"class":46},[20,91545,91546,91547,91551],{},"This works, and it uses ",[282,91548,91549],{"href":284},[15,91550,25],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91553,91554],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[31,91556,91558],{"className":33,"code":91557,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91559,91560,91592,91596,91608],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91561,91562,91564,91566,91568,91570,91572,91574,91576,91578,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588,91590],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91563,479],{"class":46},[40,91565,51],{"class":50},[40,91567,55],{"class":54},[40,91569,213],{"class":212},[40,91571,282],{"class":216},[40,91573,213],{"class":212},[40,91575,62],{"class":54},[40,91577,224],{"class":212},[40,91579,1017],{"class":216},[40,91581,213],{"class":212},[40,91583,62],{"class":54},[40,91585,224],{"class":212},[40,91587,1026],{"class":216},[40,91589,213],{"class":212},[40,91591,73],{"class":54},[40,91593,91594],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,91595,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,91597,91598,91600,91602,91604,91606],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,91599,1548],{"class":535},[40,91601,5737],{"class":46},[40,91603,1554],{"class":535},[40,91605,5742],{"class":46},[40,91607,553],{"class":54},[40,91609,91610,91612,91614,91616],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,91611,558],{"class":84},[40,91613,88],{"class":54},[40,91615,23072],{"class":91},[40,91617,95],{"class":54},[20,91619,36349,91620,91625],{},[282,91621,91623],{"href":91622},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91624,35513],{}," is usually a better choice:",[31,91627,91629],{"className":33,"code":91628,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91630,91631,91663,91667,91687],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91632,91633,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643,91645,91647,91649,91651,91653,91655,91657,91659,91661],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91634,479],{"class":46},[40,91636,51],{"class":50},[40,91638,55],{"class":54},[40,91640,213],{"class":212},[40,91642,282],{"class":216},[40,91644,213],{"class":212},[40,91646,62],{"class":54},[40,91648,224],{"class":212},[40,91650,1017],{"class":216},[40,91652,213],{"class":212},[40,91654,62],{"class":54},[40,91656,224],{"class":212},[40,91658,1026],{"class":216},[40,91660,213],{"class":212},[40,91662,73],{"class":54},[40,91664,91665],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,91666,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,91668,91669,91671,91673,91675,91677,91679,91681,91683,91685],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,91670,1548],{"class":535},[40,91672,35585],{"class":46},[40,91674,62],{"class":54},[40,91676,5737],{"class":46},[40,91678,1554],{"class":535},[40,91680,35595],{"class":84},[40,91682,88],{"class":54},[40,91684,497],{"class":91},[40,91686,8112],{"class":54},[40,91688,91689,91691,91693,91695,91697,91699],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,91690,558],{"class":84},[40,91692,88],{"class":54},[40,91694,35610],{"class":91},[40,91696,62],{"class":54},[40,91698,29267],{"class":91},[40,91700,95],{"class":54},[20,91702,78717,91703,289],{},[282,91704,36362,91705,36365],{"href":36361},[15,91706,35513],{},[129,91708,91710,91711,91713],{"id":91709},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91712,35954],{}," to a list",[20,91715,91716,91718],{},[15,91717,35954],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91720,91721,91722,2669],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91723,24543],{},[31,91725,91727],{"className":33,"code":91726,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91728,91729],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91730,91731,91733,91735,91737,91739,91741,91743,91745],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91732,101],{"class":84},[40,91734,88],{"class":54},[40,91736,610],{"class":609},[40,91738,88],{"class":54},[40,91740,59738],{"class":84},[40,91742,88],{"class":54},[40,91744,401],{"class":58},[40,91746,2697],{"class":54},[20,91748,111],{},[31,91750,91752],{"className":33,"code":91751,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91753,91754],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91755,91756,91758,91760,91762,91764,91766,91768],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91757,565],{"class":54},[40,91759,192],{"class":58},[40,91761,62],{"class":54},[40,91763,1226],{"class":58},[40,91765,62],{"class":54},[40,91767,663],{"class":58},[40,91769,73],{"class":54},[20,91771,33073],{},[134,91773,91774,91779,91782],{},[137,91775,91776,91777,41838],{},"learning how ",[15,91778,35954],{},[137,91780,91781],{},"checking your values",[137,91783,91784],{},"debugging code",[20,91786,5251],{},[31,91788,91790],{"className":33,"code":91789,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91791,91792,91806,91810,91820],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91793,91794,91796,91798,91800,91802,91804],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91795,47],{"class":46},[40,91797,51],{"class":50},[40,91799,1557],{"class":84},[40,91801,88],{"class":54},[40,91803,2288],{"class":58},[40,91805,95],{"class":54},[40,91807,91808],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,91809,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,91811,91812,91814,91816,91818],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,91813,101],{"class":84},[40,91815,88],{"class":54},[40,91817,92],{"class":91},[40,91819,95],{"class":54},[40,91821,91822,91824,91826,91828,91830,91832],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,91823,101],{"class":84},[40,91825,88],{"class":54},[40,91827,610],{"class":609},[40,91829,88],{"class":54},[40,91831,92],{"class":91},[40,91833,256],{"class":54},[20,91835,111],{},[31,91837,91839],{"className":33,"code":91838,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91840,91841,91855],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91842,91843,91845,91847,91849,91851,91853],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91844,59738],{"class":84},[40,91846,88],{"class":54},[40,91848,192],{"class":58},[40,91850,62],{"class":54},[40,91852,675],{"class":58},[40,91854,95],{"class":54},[40,91856,91857,91859,91861,91863,91865,91867,91869,91871,91873],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,91858,565],{"class":54},[40,91860,192],{"class":58},[40,91862,62],{"class":54},[40,91864,1226],{"class":58},[40,91866,62],{"class":54},[40,91868,663],{"class":58},[40,91870,62],{"class":54},[40,91872,749],{"class":58},[40,91874,73],{"class":54},[20,91876,91877,91878,10355,91880,91883],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91879,59738],{},[15,91881,91882],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[129,91885,790],{"id":789},[20,91887,33302,91888,289],{},[15,91889,35954],{},[792,91891,91893],{"id":91892},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91895,91896],{},"Many beginners think this:",[31,91898,91900],{"className":33,"code":91899,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91901,91902],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91903,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912,91914,91916,91918,91920,91922],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91905,101],{"class":84},[40,91907,88],{"class":54},[40,91909,610],{"class":609},[40,91911,88],{"class":54},[40,91913,59738],{"class":84},[40,91915,88],{"class":54},[40,91917,658],{"class":58},[40,91919,62],{"class":54},[40,91921,4387],{"class":58},[40,91923,2697],{"class":54},[20,91925,91926],{},"will produce:",[31,91928,91930],{"className":33,"code":91929,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91931,91932],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91933,91934,91936,91938,91940,91942,91944,91946,91948,91950,91952,91954],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91935,565],{"class":54},[40,91937,658],{"class":58},[40,91939,62],{"class":54},[40,91941,663],{"class":58},[40,91943,62],{"class":54},[40,91945,749],{"class":58},[40,91947,62],{"class":54},[40,91949,675],{"class":58},[40,91951,62],{"class":54},[40,91953,4387],{"class":58},[40,91955,73],{"class":54},[20,91957,91958],{},"But the real output is:",[31,91960,91961],{"className":33,"code":53249,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,91962,91963],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,91964,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,91966,565],{"class":54},[40,91968,658],{"class":58},[40,91970,62],{"class":54},[40,91972,663],{"class":58},[40,91974,62],{"class":54},[40,91976,749],{"class":58},[40,91978,62],{"class":54},[40,91980,675],{"class":58},[40,91982,73],{"class":54},[20,91984,91985],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[792,91987,4361,91989,91991,91992],{"id":91988},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,91990,90453],{}," starts at ",[15,91993,658],{},[20,91995,37224,91996,1061,91998,289],{},[15,91997,192],{},[15,91999,658],{},[31,92001,92002],{"className":33,"code":90646,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,92003,92004],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92005,92006,92008,92010,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92007,101],{"class":84},[40,92009,88],{"class":54},[40,92011,610],{"class":609},[40,92013,88],{"class":54},[40,92015,59738],{"class":84},[40,92017,88],{"class":54},[40,92019,682],{"class":58},[40,92021,2697],{"class":54},[20,92023,111],{},[31,92025,92026],{"className":33,"code":59761,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,92027,92028],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92029,92030,92032,92034,92036,92038,92040,92042,92044,92046,92048,92050],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92031,565],{"class":54},[40,92033,192],{"class":58},[40,92035,62],{"class":54},[40,92037,1226],{"class":58},[40,92039,62],{"class":54},[40,92041,663],{"class":58},[40,92043,62],{"class":54},[40,92045,749],{"class":58},[40,92047,62],{"class":54},[40,92049,675],{"class":58},[40,92051,73],{"class":54},[792,92053,92055],{"id":92054},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92057,92058,92059,2669],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92060,2743],{},[31,92062,92064],{"className":33,"code":92063,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92065,92066,92085,92089,92106],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92067,92068,92071,92073,92075,92077,92079,92081,92083],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92069,92070],{"class":46},"user_number ",[40,92072,51],{"class":50},[40,92074,8013],{"class":84},[40,92076,88],{"class":54},[40,92078,213],{"class":212},[40,92080,41624],{"class":216},[40,92082,213],{"class":212},[40,92084,95],{"class":54},[40,92086,92087],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,92088,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,92090,92091,92093,92095,92097,92099,92101,92104],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,92092,1548],{"class":535},[40,92094,1551],{"class":46},[40,92096,1554],{"class":535},[40,92098,1557],{"class":84},[40,92100,88],{"class":54},[40,92102,92103],{"class":91},"user_number",[40,92105,8112],{"class":54},[40,92107,92108,92110,92112,92114],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,92109,558],{"class":84},[40,92111,88],{"class":54},[40,92113,1578],{"class":91},[40,92115,95],{"class":54},[20,92117,48262,92118,92120],{},[15,92119,2743],{}," returns a string.",[20,92122,10577],{},[31,92124,92126],{"className":33,"code":92125,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92127,92128,92150,92154,92170],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92129,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92131,92070],{"class":46},[40,92133,51],{"class":50},[40,92135,45029],{"class":609},[40,92137,88],{"class":54},[40,92139,42214],{"class":84},[40,92141,88],{"class":54},[40,92143,213],{"class":212},[40,92145,41624],{"class":216},[40,92147,213],{"class":212},[40,92149,256],{"class":54},[40,92151,92152],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,92153,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,92155,92156,92158,92160,92162,92164,92166,92168],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,92157,1548],{"class":535},[40,92159,1551],{"class":46},[40,92161,1554],{"class":535},[40,92163,1557],{"class":84},[40,92165,88],{"class":54},[40,92167,92103],{"class":91},[40,92169,8112],{"class":54},[40,92171,92172,92174,92176,92178],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,92173,558],{"class":84},[40,92175,88],{"class":54},[40,92177,1578],{"class":91},[40,92179,95],{"class":54},[20,92181,92182,92183,289],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[282,92184,50276,92185],{"href":50275},[15,92186,50279],{},[792,92188,92190,92191,92193,92194],{"id":92189},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92192,35831],{}," smaller than ",[15,92195,75025],{},[20,92197,92198],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[31,92200,92201],{"className":33,"code":91128,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,92202,92203],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92204,92205,92207,92209,92211,92213,92215,92217,92219,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92206,101],{"class":84},[40,92208,88],{"class":54},[40,92210,610],{"class":609},[40,92212,88],{"class":54},[40,92214,59738],{"class":84},[40,92216,88],{"class":54},[40,92218,658],{"class":58},[40,92220,62],{"class":54},[40,92222,4387],{"class":58},[40,92224,62],{"class":54},[40,92226,1223],{"class":50},[40,92228,658],{"class":58},[40,92230,2697],{"class":54},[20,92232,111],{},[31,92234,92235],{"className":33,"code":38053,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,92236,92237],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92238,92239],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92240,38053],{"class":54},[20,92242,92243],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[792,92245,25379,92247],{"id":92246},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92248,92249],{},"step = 0",[20,92251,77168],{},[31,92253,92255],{"className":33,"code":92254,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92256,92257],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92258,92259,92261,92263,92265,92267,92269,92271,92273],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92260,59738],{"class":84},[40,92262,88],{"class":54},[40,92264,658],{"class":58},[40,92266,62],{"class":54},[40,92268,5781],{"class":58},[40,92270,62],{"class":54},[40,92272,550],{"class":58},[40,92274,95],{"class":54},[20,92276,92277],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[792,92279,4486,92281,92283],{"id":92280},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92282,35954],{}," is not a list",[20,92285,92286],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[31,92288,92290],{"className":33,"code":92289,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92291,92292],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92293,92294,92296,92298,92300,92302,92304],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92295,101],{"class":84},[40,92297,88],{"class":54},[40,92299,59738],{"class":84},[40,92301,88],{"class":54},[40,92303,682],{"class":58},[40,92305,256],{"class":54},[20,92307,111],{},[31,92309,92311],{"className":33,"code":92310,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92312,92313],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92314,92315,92317,92319,92321,92323,92325],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92316,59738],{"class":84},[40,92318,88],{"class":54},[40,92320,192],{"class":58},[40,92322,62],{"class":54},[40,92324,4387],{"class":58},[40,92326,95],{"class":54},[20,92328,92329],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[31,92331,92332],{"className":33,"code":90646,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,92333,92334],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92335,92336,92338,92340,92342,92344,92346,92348,92350],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92337,101],{"class":84},[40,92339,88],{"class":54},[40,92341,610],{"class":609},[40,92343,88],{"class":54},[40,92345,59738],{"class":84},[40,92347,88],{"class":54},[40,92349,682],{"class":58},[40,92351,2697],{"class":54},[20,92353,111],{},[31,92355,92356],{"className":33,"code":59761,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,92357,92358],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92359,92360,92362,92364,92366,92368,92370,92372,92374,92376,92378,92380],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92361,565],{"class":54},[40,92363,192],{"class":58},[40,92365,62],{"class":54},[40,92367,1226],{"class":58},[40,92369,62],{"class":54},[40,92371,663],{"class":58},[40,92373,62],{"class":54},[40,92375,749],{"class":58},[40,92377,62],{"class":54},[40,92379,675],{"class":58},[40,92381,73],{"class":54},[129,92383,92385],{"id":92384},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92387,8646,92388,81939],{},[15,92389,35954],{},[31,92391,92393],{"className":33,"code":92392,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92394,92395,92409,92427,92449,92477],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92396,92397,92399,92401,92403,92405,92407],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92398,101],{"class":84},[40,92400,88],{"class":54},[40,92402,59738],{"class":84},[40,92404,88],{"class":54},[40,92406,682],{"class":58},[40,92408,256],{"class":54},[40,92410,92411,92413,92415,92417,92419,92421,92423,92425],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,92412,101],{"class":84},[40,92414,88],{"class":54},[40,92416,610],{"class":609},[40,92418,88],{"class":54},[40,92420,59738],{"class":84},[40,92422,88],{"class":54},[40,92424,682],{"class":58},[40,92426,2697],{"class":54},[40,92428,92429,92431,92433,92435,92437,92439,92441,92443,92445,92447],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,92430,101],{"class":84},[40,92432,88],{"class":54},[40,92434,610],{"class":609},[40,92436,88],{"class":54},[40,92438,59738],{"class":84},[40,92440,88],{"class":54},[40,92442,744],{"class":58},[40,92444,62],{"class":54},[40,92446,6137],{"class":58},[40,92448,2697],{"class":54},[40,92450,92451,92453,92455,92457,92459,92461,92463,92465,92467,92469,92471,92473,92475],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,92452,101],{"class":84},[40,92454,88],{"class":54},[40,92456,610],{"class":609},[40,92458,88],{"class":54},[40,92460,59738],{"class":84},[40,92462,88],{"class":54},[40,92464,59],{"class":58},[40,92466,62],{"class":54},[40,92468,550],{"class":58},[40,92470,62],{"class":54},[40,92472,1223],{"class":50},[40,92474,744],{"class":58},[40,92476,2697],{"class":54},[40,92478,92479,92481,92483,92485,92487,92489,92491,92493],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,92480,101],{"class":84},[40,92482,88],{"class":54},[40,92484,1297],{"class":609},[40,92486,88],{"class":54},[40,92488,59738],{"class":84},[40,92490,88],{"class":54},[40,92492,682],{"class":58},[40,92494,2697],{"class":54},[20,92496,25769],{},[134,92498,92499,92502,92505],{},[137,92500,92501],{},"what values are being created",[137,92503,92504],{},"whether the direction is correct",[137,92506,92507,92508,24379],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92509,59738],{},[129,92511,1636],{"id":1635},[792,92513,12474,92515,92517],{"id":92514},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92516,35954],{}," include the last number?",[20,92519,92520],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[792,92522,4935,92524,92526,92527,2275],{"id":92523},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92525,90453],{}," start at ",[15,92528,192],{},[20,92530,92531,92532,289],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92533,192],{},[792,92535,4947,92537,92539],{"id":92536},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92538,35954],{}," count backward?",[20,92541,92542,92543,289],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92544,92545],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[792,92547,14671,92549,25804],{"id":92548},"is-range-a-list",[15,92550,35954],{},[20,92552,25807,92553,92555,92556,23700],{},[15,92554,59738],{}," object. Use ",[15,92557,92558],{},"list(range(...))",[792,92560,4935,92562,48436],{"id":92561},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92563,92564],{},"range(input())",[20,92566,92567,3272,92569,289],{},[15,92568,2743],{},[15,92570,92571],{},"int(input())",[129,92573,1687],{"id":1686},[134,92575,92576,92580,92586,92592,92598],{},[137,92577,92578],{},[282,92579,35787],{"href":35786},[137,92581,92582],{},[282,92583,285,92584,288],{"href":284},[15,92585,25],{},[137,92587,92588],{},[282,92589,285,92590,288],{"href":91622},[15,92591,35513],{},[137,92593,92594],{},[282,92595,37275,92596,36365],{"href":36361},[15,92597,35513],{},[137,92599,92600],{},[282,92601,50276,92602],{"href":50275},[15,92603,50279],{},[1715,92605,92606],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":92608},[92609,92610,92612,92618,92626,92633,92635,92647,92648,92660],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":90462,"depth":76,"text":92611},"What range() does",{"id":90555,"depth":76,"text":92613,"children":92614},"range() syntax",[92615,92616,92617],{"id":90635,"depth":98,"text":90638},{"id":90699,"depth":98,"text":90702},{"id":90767,"depth":98,"text":90770},{"id":90838,"depth":76,"text":90839,"children":92619},[92620,92621,92622,92623,92624],{"id":90845,"depth":98,"text":90453},{"id":90908,"depth":98,"text":90911},{"id":90972,"depth":98,"text":90975},{"id":91048,"depth":98,"text":91049},{"id":76412,"depth":98,"text":92625},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91207,"depth":76,"text":92627,"children":92628},"Using range() in a for loop",[92629,92630,92631],{"id":91309,"depth":98,"text":91310},{"id":91354,"depth":98,"text":91355},{"id":91434,"depth":98,"text":92632},"range() and indexing",{"id":91709,"depth":76,"text":92634},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":92636},[92637,92638,92640,92641,92643,92645],{"id":91892,"depth":98,"text":91893},{"id":91988,"depth":98,"text":92639},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92054,"depth":98,"text":92055},{"id":92189,"depth":98,"text":92642},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92246,"depth":98,"text":92644},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92280,"depth":98,"text":92646},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92384,"depth":76,"text":92385},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":92649},[92650,92652,92654,92656,92658],{"id":92514,"depth":98,"text":92651},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92523,"depth":98,"text":92653},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92536,"depth":98,"text":92655},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92548,"depth":98,"text":92657},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92561,"depth":98,"text":92659},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90356,"description":92661},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92668,"title":92669,"body":92670,"description":94343,"extension":1746,"meta":94344,"navigation":360,"path":94345,"seo":94346,"stem":94347,"__hash__":94348},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92671,"toc":94316},[92672,92681,92688,92705,92721,92723,92772,92780,92784,92787,92807,92809,92873,92875,92918,92921,92967,92969,93002,93012,93018,93026,93043,93045,93076,93078,93103,93108,93119,93122,93192,93194,93225,93230,93235,93252,93254,93305,93307,93340,93343,93350,93355,93359,93375,93377,93421,93423,93469,93472,93485,93490,93494,93508,93510,93561,93563,93596,93601,93603,93610,93612,93635,93637,93702,93704,93721,93724,93757,93759,93787,93797,93804,93808,93811,93829,93832,93860,93863,93881,93886,93892,93895,93917,93919,93947,93949,93952,93977,93980,94093,94095,94174,94176,94182,94187,94195,94203,94207,94210,94212,94245,94247,94255,94261,94268,94275,94278,94280,94313],[10,92673,285,92675,10355,92677,92680],{"id":92674},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92676,35954],{},[15,92678,92679],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92682,92683,4176,92685,92687],{},[15,92684,35954],{},[15,92686,92679],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[134,92689,92690,92698],{},[137,92691,92692,92694,92695],{},[15,92693,35954],{}," creates a ",[183,92696,92697],{},"range object",[137,92699,92700,92694,92702],{},[15,92701,92679],{},[183,92703,92704],{},"real list",[20,92706,92707,92708,92710,92711,92714,92715,92717,92718,92720],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92709,90453],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92712,92713],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92716,35954],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92719,92679],{}," when you actually need a list.",[129,92722,3396],{"id":3395},[31,92724,92726],{"className":33,"code":92725,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92727,92728,92742,92755],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92729,92730,92732,92734,92736,92738,92740],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92731,47],{"class":46},[40,92733,51],{"class":50},[40,92735,1557],{"class":84},[40,92737,88],{"class":54},[40,92739,682],{"class":58},[40,92741,95],{"class":54},[40,92743,92744,92746,92748,92750,92752],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,92745,101],{"class":84},[40,92747,88],{"class":54},[40,92749,92],{"class":91},[40,92751,18],{"class":54},[40,92753,92754],{"class":3449},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[40,92756,92757,92759,92761,92763,92765,92767,92769],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,92758,101],{"class":84},[40,92760,88],{"class":54},[40,92762,610],{"class":609},[40,92764,88],{"class":54},[40,92766,92],{"class":91},[40,92768,5140],{"class":54},[40,92770,92771],{"class":3449},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92773,123,92774,92776,92777,92779],{},[15,92775,35954],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92778,92679],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[129,92781,92783],{"id":92782},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92785,92786],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[134,92788,92789,92796,92801,92804],{},[137,92790,92791,21736,92793,92795],{},[15,92792,35954],{},[183,92794,92697],{},", not a list",[137,92797,92798,92800],{},[15,92799,92679],{}," converts that range object into a list",[137,92802,92803],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[137,92805,92806],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92808,195],{},[31,92810,92812],{"className":33,"code":92811,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92813,92814,92829,92848,92852,92862],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92815,92816,92819,92821,92823,92825,92827],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92817,92818],{"class":46},"r ",[40,92820,51],{"class":50},[40,92822,1557],{"class":84},[40,92824,88],{"class":54},[40,92826,682],{"class":58},[40,92828,95],{"class":54},[40,92830,92831,92834,92836,92838,92840,92842,92844,92846],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,92832,92833],{"class":46},"lst ",[40,92835,51],{"class":50},[40,92837,22321],{"class":609},[40,92839,88],{"class":54},[40,92841,59738],{"class":84},[40,92843,88],{"class":54},[40,92845,682],{"class":58},[40,92847,256],{"class":54},[40,92849,92850],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,92851,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,92853,92854,92856,92858,92860],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,92855,101],{"class":84},[40,92857,88],{"class":54},[40,92859,60245],{"class":91},[40,92861,95],{"class":54},[40,92863,92864,92866,92868,92871],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,92865,101],{"class":84},[40,92867,88],{"class":54},[40,92869,92870],{"class":91},"lst",[40,92872,95],{"class":54},[20,92874,111],{},[31,92876,92878],{"className":33,"code":92877,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92879,92880,92894],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92881,92882,92884,92886,92888,92890,92892],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92883,59738],{"class":84},[40,92885,88],{"class":54},[40,92887,192],{"class":58},[40,92889,62],{"class":54},[40,92891,4387],{"class":58},[40,92893,95],{"class":54},[40,92895,92896,92898,92900,92902,92904,92906,92908,92910,92912,92914,92916],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,92897,565],{"class":54},[40,92899,192],{"class":58},[40,92901,62],{"class":54},[40,92903,1226],{"class":58},[40,92905,62],{"class":54},[40,92907,663],{"class":58},[40,92909,62],{"class":54},[40,92911,749],{"class":58},[40,92913,62],{"class":54},[40,92915,675],{"class":58},[40,92917,73],{"class":54},[20,92919,92920],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[31,92922,92924],{"className":33,"code":92923,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92925,92926,92944],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92927,92928,92930,92932,92934,92936,92938,92940,92942],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92929,101],{"class":84},[40,92931,88],{"class":54},[40,92933,1297],{"class":609},[40,92935,88],{"class":54},[40,92937,59738],{"class":84},[40,92939,88],{"class":54},[40,92941,682],{"class":58},[40,92943,2697],{"class":54},[40,92945,92946,92948,92950,92952,92954,92956,92958,92960,92962,92964],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,92947,101],{"class":84},[40,92949,88],{"class":54},[40,92951,1297],{"class":609},[40,92953,88],{"class":54},[40,92955,610],{"class":609},[40,92957,88],{"class":54},[40,92959,59738],{"class":84},[40,92961,88],{"class":54},[40,92963,682],{"class":58},[40,92965,92966],{"class":54},"))))\n",[20,92968,111],{},[31,92970,92972],{"className":33,"code":92971,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,92973,92974,92988],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,92975,92976,92978,92980,92982,92984,92986],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,92977,3076],{"class":50},[40,92979,3079],{"class":1848},[40,92981,3082],{"class":212},[40,92983,59738],{"class":216},[40,92985,3087],{"class":212},[40,92987,3090],{"class":50},[40,92989,92990,92992,92994,92996,92998,93000],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,92991,3076],{"class":50},[40,92993,3079],{"class":1848},[40,92995,3082],{"class":212},[40,92997,610],{"class":216},[40,92999,3087],{"class":212},[40,93001,3090],{"class":50},[20,93003,93004,93005,93007,93008,289],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93006,35954],{}," works, see ",[282,93009,285,93010,288],{"href":92663},[15,93011,35954],{},[129,93013,158,93015,93017],{"id":93014},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93016,35954],{}," gives you",[20,93019,93020,93022,93023,93025],{},[15,93021,35954],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93024,1548],{}," loops.",[134,93027,93028,93031,93034,93037],{},[137,93029,93030],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[137,93032,93033],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[137,93035,93036],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[137,93038,93039,93040],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93041,93042],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93044,195],{},[31,93046,93048],{"className":33,"code":93047,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93049,93050,93066],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93051,93052,93054,93056,93058,93060,93062,93064],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93053,1548],{"class":535},[40,93055,1551],{"class":46},[40,93057,1554],{"class":535},[40,93059,1557],{"class":84},[40,93061,88],{"class":54},[40,93063,682],{"class":58},[40,93065,8112],{"class":54},[40,93067,93068,93070,93072,93074],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,93069,558],{"class":84},[40,93071,88],{"class":54},[40,93073,1578],{"class":91},[40,93075,95],{"class":54},[20,93077,111],{},[31,93079,93081],{"className":33,"code":93080,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93082,93083,93087,93091,93095,93099],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93084,93085],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93086,504],{"class":58},[40,93088,93089],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,93090,46669],{"class":58},[40,93092,93093],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,93094,1489],{"class":58},[40,93096,93097],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,93098,114],{"class":58},[40,93100,93101],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,93102,48402],{"class":58},[20,93104,20532,93105,93107],{},[15,93106,90453],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93109,93110,93111,93113,93114,289],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93112,35954],{}," is so common with ",[282,93115,285,93117,90484],{"href":93116},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93118,1548],{},[20,93120,93121],{},"You can also inspect it:",[31,93123,93125],{"className":33,"code":93124,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93126,93127,93149,93153,93163,93177],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93128,93129,93131,93133,93135,93137,93139,93141,93143,93145,93147],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93130,92818],{"class":46},[40,93132,51],{"class":50},[40,93134,1557],{"class":84},[40,93136,88],{"class":54},[40,93138,744],{"class":58},[40,93140,62],{"class":54},[40,93142,5781],{"class":58},[40,93144,62],{"class":54},[40,93146,663],{"class":58},[40,93148,95],{"class":54},[40,93150,93151],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,93152,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,93154,93155,93157,93159,93161],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,93156,101],{"class":84},[40,93158,88],{"class":54},[40,93160,60245],{"class":91},[40,93162,95],{"class":54},[40,93164,93165,93167,93169,93171,93173,93175],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,93166,101],{"class":84},[40,93168,88],{"class":54},[40,93170,17],{"class":84},[40,93172,88],{"class":54},[40,93174,60245],{"class":91},[40,93176,256],{"class":54},[40,93178,93179,93181,93183,93185,93187,93190],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,93180,101],{"class":84},[40,93182,88],{"class":54},[40,93184,80193],{"class":58},[40,93186,20934],{"class":535},[40,93188,93189],{"class":91}," r",[40,93191,95],{"class":54},[20,93193,111],{},[31,93195,93197],{"className":33,"code":93196,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93198,93199,93217,93221],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93200,93201,93203,93205,93207,93209,93211,93213,93215],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93202,59738],{"class":84},[40,93204,88],{"class":54},[40,93206,744],{"class":58},[40,93208,62],{"class":54},[40,93210,5781],{"class":58},[40,93212,62],{"class":54},[40,93214,663],{"class":58},[40,93216,95],{"class":54},[40,93218,93219],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,93220,48402],{"class":58},[40,93222,93223],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,93224,1495],{"class":1494},[129,93226,158,93228,93017],{"id":93227},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93229,92679],{},[20,93231,93232,93234],{},[15,93233,92679],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[134,93236,93237,93240,93243,93246],{},[137,93238,93239],{},"It creates all values at once",[137,93241,93242],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[137,93244,93245],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[137,93247,93248,93249,93251],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93250,35954],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93253,195],{},[31,93255,93257],{"className":33,"code":93256,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93258,93259,93277,93281,93291],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93260,93261,93263,93265,93267,93269,93271,93273,93275],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93262,47],{"class":46},[40,93264,51],{"class":50},[40,93266,22321],{"class":609},[40,93268,88],{"class":54},[40,93270,59738],{"class":84},[40,93272,88],{"class":54},[40,93274,682],{"class":58},[40,93276,256],{"class":54},[40,93278,93279],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,93280,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,93282,93283,93285,93287,93289],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,93284,101],{"class":84},[40,93286,88],{"class":54},[40,93288,92],{"class":91},[40,93290,95],{"class":54},[40,93292,93293,93295,93297,93299,93301,93303],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,93294,101],{"class":84},[40,93296,88],{"class":54},[40,93298,92],{"class":91},[40,93300,565],{"class":54},[40,93302,744],{"class":58},[40,93304,570],{"class":54},[20,93306,111],{},[31,93308,93310],{"className":33,"code":93309,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93311,93312,93336],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93313,93314,93316,93318,93320,93322,93324,93326,93328,93330,93332,93334],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93315,565],{"class":54},[40,93317,192],{"class":58},[40,93319,62],{"class":54},[40,93321,1226],{"class":58},[40,93323,62],{"class":54},[40,93325,663],{"class":58},[40,93327,62],{"class":54},[40,93329,749],{"class":58},[40,93331,62],{"class":54},[40,93333,675],{"class":58},[40,93335,73],{"class":54},[40,93337,93338],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,93339,1489],{"class":58},[20,93341,93342],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93344,93345,93346,289],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[282,93347,285,93348,288],{"href":64587},[15,93349,24543],{},[129,93351,1345,93353],{"id":93352},"when-to-use-range",[15,93354,35954],{},[20,93356,123,93357,10371],{},[15,93358,35954],{},[134,93360,93361,93366,93369,93372],{},[137,93362,93363,93364,91213],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93365,1548],{},[137,93367,93368],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[137,93370,93371],{},"You are working with large sequences",[137,93373,93374],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93376,195],{},[31,93378,93380],{"className":33,"code":93379,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93381,93382,93402],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93383,93384,93386,93388,93390,93392,93394,93396,93398,93400],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93385,1548],{"class":535},[40,93387,1551],{"class":46},[40,93389,1554],{"class":535},[40,93391,1557],{"class":84},[40,93393,88],{"class":54},[40,93395,658],{"class":58},[40,93397,62],{"class":54},[40,93399,687],{"class":58},[40,93401,8112],{"class":54},[40,93403,93404,93406,93408,93410,93413,93415,93417,93419],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,93405,558],{"class":84},[40,93407,88],{"class":54},[40,93409,213],{"class":212},[40,93411,93412],{"class":216},"Count:",[40,93414,213],{"class":212},[40,93416,62],{"class":54},[40,93418,35887],{"class":91},[40,93420,95],{"class":54},[20,93422,111],{},[31,93424,93426],{"className":33,"code":93425,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93427,93428,93437,93445,93453,93461],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93429,93430,93433,93435],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93431,93432],{"class":46},"Count",[40,93434,2669],{"class":54},[40,93436,29375],{"class":58},[40,93438,93439,93441,93443],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,93440,93432],{"class":46},[40,93442,2669],{"class":54},[40,93444,45342],{"class":58},[40,93446,93447,93449,93451],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,93448,93432],{"class":46},[40,93450,2669],{"class":54},[40,93452,2360],{"class":58},[40,93454,93455,93457,93459],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,93456,93432],{"class":46},[40,93458,2669],{"class":54},[40,93460,23425],{"class":58},[40,93462,93463,93465,93467],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,93464,93432],{"class":46},[40,93466,2669],{"class":54},[40,93468,34605],{"class":58},[20,93470,93471],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93473,93474,93475,93477,93478,62027,93480,289],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93476,35513],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93479,36355],{},[282,93481,36362,93483,36365],{"href":93482},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93484,35513],{},[129,93486,1345,93488],{"id":93487},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93489,92679],{},[20,93491,123,93492,10371],{},[15,93493,92679],{},[134,93495,93496,93499,93502,93505],{},[137,93497,93498],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[137,93500,93501],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[137,93503,93504],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[137,93506,93507],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93509,195],{},[31,93511,93513],{"className":33,"code":93512,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93514,93515,93533,93547,93551],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93516,93517,93519,93521,93523,93525,93527,93529,93531],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93518,47],{"class":46},[40,93520,51],{"class":50},[40,93522,22321],{"class":609},[40,93524,88],{"class":54},[40,93526,59738],{"class":84},[40,93528,88],{"class":54},[40,93530,682],{"class":58},[40,93532,256],{"class":54},[40,93534,93535,93537,93539,93541,93543,93545],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,93536,92],{"class":46},[40,93538,289],{"class":54},[40,93540,13320],{"class":91},[40,93542,88],{"class":54},[40,93544,682],{"class":58},[40,93546,95],{"class":54},[40,93548,93549],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,93550,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,93552,93553,93555,93557,93559],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,93554,101],{"class":84},[40,93556,88],{"class":54},[40,93558,92],{"class":91},[40,93560,95],{"class":54},[20,93562,111],{},[31,93564,93566],{"className":33,"code":93565,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93567,93568],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93569,93570,93572,93574,93576,93578,93580,93582,93584,93586,93588,93590,93592,93594],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93571,565],{"class":54},[40,93573,192],{"class":58},[40,93575,62],{"class":54},[40,93577,1226],{"class":58},[40,93579,62],{"class":54},[40,93581,663],{"class":58},[40,93583,62],{"class":54},[40,93585,749],{"class":58},[40,93587,62],{"class":54},[40,93589,675],{"class":58},[40,93591,62],{"class":54},[40,93593,4387],{"class":58},[40,93595,73],{"class":54},[20,93597,5837,93598,93600],{},[15,93599,92],{}," is a list.",[129,93602,15363],{"id":15362},[20,93604,93605,93607,93608,289],{},[15,93606,35954],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[183,93609,37354],{},[20,93611,1890],{},[134,93613,93614,93616,93621,93626,93629],{},[137,93615,21746],{},[137,93617,93618,93619],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93620,25],{},[137,93622,93623,93624],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93625,1554],{},[137,93627,93628],{},"You can index it",[137,93630,93631,93632,93634],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93633,52399],{}," do not work on it",[20,93636,195],{},[31,93638,93640],{"className":33,"code":93639,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93641,93642,93656,93660,93674,93688],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93643,93644,93646,93648,93650,93652,93654],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93645,92818],{"class":46},[40,93647,51],{"class":50},[40,93649,1557],{"class":84},[40,93651,88],{"class":54},[40,93653,682],{"class":58},[40,93655,95],{"class":54},[40,93657,93658],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,93659,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,93661,93662,93664,93666,93668,93670,93672],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,93663,101],{"class":84},[40,93665,88],{"class":54},[40,93667,60245],{"class":91},[40,93669,565],{"class":54},[40,93671,744],{"class":58},[40,93673,570],{"class":54},[40,93675,93676,93678,93680,93682,93684,93686],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,93677,101],{"class":84},[40,93679,88],{"class":54},[40,93681,17],{"class":84},[40,93683,88],{"class":54},[40,93685,60245],{"class":91},[40,93687,256],{"class":54},[40,93689,93690,93692,93694,93696,93698,93700],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,93691,101],{"class":84},[40,93693,88],{"class":54},[40,93695,401],{"class":58},[40,93697,20934],{"class":535},[40,93699,93189],{"class":91},[40,93701,95],{"class":54},[20,93703,111],{},[31,93705,93707],{"className":33,"code":93706,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93708,93709,93713,93717],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93710,93711],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93712,1489],{"class":58},[40,93714,93715],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,93716,2732],{"class":58},[40,93718,93719],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,93720,1495],{"class":1494},[20,93722,93723],{},"Now compare that with this:",[31,93725,93727],{"className":33,"code":93726,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93728,93729,93743],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93730,93731,93733,93735,93737,93739,93741],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93732,92818],{"class":46},[40,93734,51],{"class":50},[40,93736,1557],{"class":84},[40,93738,88],{"class":54},[40,93740,682],{"class":58},[40,93742,95],{"class":54},[40,93744,93745,93747,93749,93751,93753,93755],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,93746,60245],{"class":46},[40,93748,289],{"class":54},[40,93750,13320],{"class":91},[40,93752,88],{"class":54},[40,93754,682],{"class":58},[40,93756,95],{"class":54},[20,93758,111],{},[31,93760,93762],{"className":33,"code":93761,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93763,93764],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93765,93766,93768,93770,93772,93774,93776,93778,93781,93783,93785],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93767,25434],{"class":609},[40,93769,2669],{"class":54},[40,93771,3082],{"class":212},[40,93773,59738],{"class":216},[40,93775,3087],{"class":212},[40,93777,24379],{"class":609},[40,93779,93780],{"class":46}," has no attribute ",[40,93782,3087],{"class":212},[40,93784,13320],{"class":216},[40,93786,29460],{"class":212},[20,93788,93789,93790,1973,93792,1977,93794,93796],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93791,52399],{},[15,93793,55272],{},[15,93795,64051],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93798,93799,93800,289],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[282,93801,25442,93802],{"href":35183},[15,93803,34017],{},[129,93805,93807],{"id":93806},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93809,93810],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[31,93812,93813],{"className":33,"code":92289,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,93814,93815],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93816,93817,93819,93821,93823,93825,93827],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93818,101],{"class":84},[40,93820,88],{"class":54},[40,93822,59738],{"class":84},[40,93824,88],{"class":54},[40,93826,682],{"class":58},[40,93828,256],{"class":54},[20,93830,93831],{},"to show:",[31,93833,93834],{"className":33,"code":59761,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,93835,93836],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93837,93838,93840,93842,93844,93846,93848,93850,93852,93854,93856,93858],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93839,565],{"class":54},[40,93841,192],{"class":58},[40,93843,62],{"class":54},[40,93845,1226],{"class":58},[40,93847,62],{"class":54},[40,93849,663],{"class":58},[40,93851,62],{"class":54},[40,93853,749],{"class":58},[40,93855,62],{"class":54},[40,93857,675],{"class":58},[40,93859,73],{"class":54},[20,93861,93862],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[31,93864,93865],{"className":33,"code":92310,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,93866,93867],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93868,93869,93871,93873,93875,93877,93879],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93870,59738],{"class":84},[40,93872,88],{"class":54},[40,93874,192],{"class":58},[40,93876,62],{"class":54},[40,93878,4387],{"class":58},[40,93880,95],{"class":54},[20,93882,4410,93883,93885],{},[183,93884,185],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93887,93888,93889,93891],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[183,93890,92697],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93893,93894],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[31,93896,93897],{"className":33,"code":90646,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,93898,93899],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93900,93901,93903,93905,93907,93909,93911,93913,93915],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93902,101],{"class":84},[40,93904,88],{"class":54},[40,93906,610],{"class":609},[40,93908,88],{"class":54},[40,93910,59738],{"class":84},[40,93912,88],{"class":54},[40,93914,682],{"class":58},[40,93916,2697],{"class":54},[20,93918,111],{},[31,93920,93921],{"className":33,"code":59761,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,93922,93923],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93924,93925,93927,93929,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939,93941,93943,93945],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93926,565],{"class":54},[40,93928,192],{"class":58},[40,93930,62],{"class":54},[40,93932,1226],{"class":58},[40,93934,62],{"class":54},[40,93936,663],{"class":58},[40,93938,62],{"class":54},[40,93940,749],{"class":58},[40,93942,62],{"class":54},[40,93944,675],{"class":58},[40,93946,73],{"class":54},[129,93948,2613],{"id":2612},[20,93950,93951],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[134,93953,93954,93960,93963,93969],{},[137,93955,795,93956,93959],{},[15,93957,93958],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[137,93961,93962],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[137,93964,93965,93966,93968],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,93967,35954],{}," is iterable but not a list",[137,93970,795,93971,93973,93974,93976],{},[15,93972,92679],{}," when plain ",[15,93975,35954],{}," would be simpler",[20,93978,93979],{},"These quick checks can help:",[31,93981,93983],{"className":33,"code":93982,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,93984,93985,93999,94017,94035,94057,94075],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,93986,93987,93989,93991,93993,93995,93997],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,93988,101],{"class":84},[40,93990,88],{"class":54},[40,93992,59738],{"class":84},[40,93994,88],{"class":54},[40,93996,682],{"class":58},[40,93998,256],{"class":54},[40,94000,94001,94003,94005,94007,94009,94011,94013,94015],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,94002,101],{"class":84},[40,94004,88],{"class":54},[40,94006,610],{"class":609},[40,94008,88],{"class":54},[40,94010,59738],{"class":84},[40,94012,88],{"class":54},[40,94014,682],{"class":58},[40,94016,2697],{"class":54},[40,94018,94019,94021,94023,94025,94027,94029,94031,94033],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,94020,101],{"class":84},[40,94022,88],{"class":54},[40,94024,1297],{"class":609},[40,94026,88],{"class":54},[40,94028,59738],{"class":84},[40,94030,88],{"class":54},[40,94032,682],{"class":58},[40,94034,2697],{"class":54},[40,94036,94037,94039,94041,94043,94045,94047,94049,94051,94053,94055],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,94038,101],{"class":84},[40,94040,88],{"class":54},[40,94042,1297],{"class":609},[40,94044,88],{"class":54},[40,94046,610],{"class":609},[40,94048,88],{"class":54},[40,94050,59738],{"class":84},[40,94052,88],{"class":54},[40,94054,682],{"class":58},[40,94056,92966],{"class":54},[40,94058,94059,94061,94063,94065,94067,94069,94071,94073],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,94060,101],{"class":84},[40,94062,88],{"class":54},[40,94064,401],{"class":58},[40,94066,20934],{"class":535},[40,94068,1557],{"class":84},[40,94070,88],{"class":54},[40,94072,682],{"class":58},[40,94074,256],{"class":54},[40,94076,94077,94079,94081,94083,94085,94087,94089,94091],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,94078,101],{"class":84},[40,94080,88],{"class":54},[40,94082,17],{"class":84},[40,94084,88],{"class":54},[40,94086,59738],{"class":84},[40,94088,88],{"class":54},[40,94090,682],{"class":58},[40,94092,2697],{"class":54},[20,94094,111],{},[31,94096,94098],{"className":33,"code":94097,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94099,94100,94114,94138,94152,94166,94170],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94101,94102,94104,94106,94108,94110,94112],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94103,59738],{"class":84},[40,94105,88],{"class":54},[40,94107,192],{"class":58},[40,94109,62],{"class":54},[40,94111,4387],{"class":58},[40,94113,95],{"class":54},[40,94115,94116,94118,94120,94122,94124,94126,94128,94130,94132,94134,94136],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,94117,565],{"class":54},[40,94119,192],{"class":58},[40,94121,62],{"class":54},[40,94123,1226],{"class":58},[40,94125,62],{"class":54},[40,94127,663],{"class":58},[40,94129,62],{"class":54},[40,94131,749],{"class":58},[40,94133,62],{"class":54},[40,94135,675],{"class":58},[40,94137,73],{"class":54},[40,94139,94140,94142,94144,94146,94148,94150],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,94141,3076],{"class":50},[40,94143,3079],{"class":1848},[40,94145,3082],{"class":212},[40,94147,59738],{"class":216},[40,94149,3087],{"class":212},[40,94151,3090],{"class":50},[40,94153,94154,94156,94158,94160,94162,94164],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,94155,3076],{"class":50},[40,94157,3079],{"class":1848},[40,94159,3082],{"class":212},[40,94161,610],{"class":216},[40,94163,3087],{"class":212},[40,94165,3090],{"class":50},[40,94167,94168],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,94169,1495],{"class":1494},[40,94171,94172],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,94173,2732],{"class":58},[129,94175,1636],{"id":1635},[792,94177,14671,94179,94181],{"id":94178},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94180,35954],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94183,46118,94184,94186],{},[15,94185,35954],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[792,94188,94190,94191,799,94193,2275],{"id":94189},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94192,35954],{},[15,94194,92679],{},[20,94196,94197,94199,94200,94202],{},[15,94198,35954],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94201,92679],{}," creates a full list.",[792,94204,94206],{"id":94205},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94208,94209],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94211,195],{},[31,94213,94215],{"className":33,"code":94214,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94216,94217,94231],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94218,94219,94221,94223,94225,94227,94229],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94220,92818],{"class":46},[40,94222,51],{"class":50},[40,94224,1557],{"class":84},[40,94226,88],{"class":54},[40,94228,682],{"class":58},[40,94230,95],{"class":54},[40,94232,94233,94235,94237,94239,94241,94243],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,94234,101],{"class":84},[40,94236,88],{"class":54},[40,94238,60245],{"class":91},[40,94240,565],{"class":54},[40,94242,658],{"class":58},[40,94244,570],{"class":54},[20,94246,111],{},[31,94248,94249],{"className":33,"code":46669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,94250,94251],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94252,94253],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94254,46669],{"class":58},[792,94256,4935,94258,94260],{"id":94257},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94259,93958],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94262,94263,94264,94267],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94265,94266],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[792,94269,94271,94272,94274],{"id":94270},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94273,35954],{}," to a list?",[20,94276,94277],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[129,94279,1687],{"id":1686},[134,94281,94282,94288,94294,94301,94307],{},[137,94283,94284],{},[282,94285,285,94286,288],{"href":92663},[15,94287,35954],{},[137,94289,94290],{},[282,94291,285,94292,288],{"href":64587},[15,94293,24543],{},[137,94295,94296],{},[282,94297,285,94298,94300],{"href":93116},[15,94299,1548],{}," loops explained",[137,94302,94303],{},[282,94304,37275,94305,36365],{"href":93482},[15,94306,35513],{},[137,94308,94309],{},[282,94310,25883,94311],{"href":35183},[15,94312,34017],{},[1715,94314,94315],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":94317},[94318,94319,94320,94322,94324,94326,94328,94329,94330,94331,94342],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":92782,"depth":76,"text":92783},{"id":93014,"depth":76,"text":94321},"What range() gives you",{"id":93227,"depth":76,"text":94323},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93352,"depth":76,"text":94325},"When to use range()",{"id":93487,"depth":76,"text":94327},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15362,"depth":76,"text":15363},{"id":93806,"depth":76,"text":93807},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":94332},[94333,94335,94337,94338,94340],{"id":94178,"depth":98,"text":94334},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94189,"depth":98,"text":94336},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94205,"depth":98,"text":94206},{"id":94257,"depth":98,"text":94339},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94270,"depth":98,"text":94341},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92669,"description":94343},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94350,"title":94351,"body":94352,"description":95788,"extension":1746,"meta":95789,"navigation":360,"path":95790,"seo":95791,"stem":95792,"__hash__":95793},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94353,"toc":95754},[94354,94360,94365,94368,94382,94385,94387,94426,94428,94441,94449,94454,94470,94473,94475,94477,94498,94515,94518,94577,94579,94598,94603,94609,94612,94646,94648,94661,94664,94709,94711,94734,94741,94747,94750,94791,94793,94807,94810,94868,94870,94885,94898,94904,94910,94975,94977,94996,94998,95016,95019,95023,95029,95031,95064,95066,95079,95089,95092,95153,95155,95176,95179,95181,95197,95202,95206,95211,95216,95272,95274,95292,95295,95340,95342,95350,95355,95359,95373,95375,95407,95409,95418,95420,95424,95433,95436,95468,95470,95482,95485,95489,95494,95535,95537,95545,95548,95571,95575,95577,95586,95589,95642,95644,95653,95657,95662,95673,95675,95684,95687,95693,95696,95702,95712,95720,95727,95729,95751],[10,94355,285,94357,3366],{"id":94356},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94358,94359],{},"round()",[20,94361,8894,94362,94364],{},[15,94363,94359],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94366,94367],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[134,94369,94370,94376],{},[137,94371,94372,94375],{},[15,94373,94374],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[137,94377,94378,94381],{},[15,94379,94380],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94383,94384],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[129,94386,1787],{"id":1786},[31,94388,94390],{"className":33,"code":94389,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94391,94392,94408],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94393,94394,94396,94398,94401,94403,94406],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94395,101],{"class":84},[40,94397,88],{"class":54},[40,94399,94400],{"class":84},"round",[40,94402,88],{"class":54},[40,94404,94405],{"class":58},"3.14159",[40,94407,256],{"class":54},[40,94409,94410,94412,94414,94416,94418,94420,94422,94424],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,94411,101],{"class":84},[40,94413,88],{"class":54},[40,94415,94400],{"class":84},[40,94417,88],{"class":54},[40,94419,94405],{"class":58},[40,94421,62],{"class":54},[40,94423,663],{"class":58},[40,94425,256],{"class":54},[20,94427,111],{},[31,94429,94431],{"className":33,"code":94430,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94432,94433,94437],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94434,94435],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94436,114],{"class":58},[40,94438,94439],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,94440,39932],{"class":58},[20,94442,123,94443,94445,94446,94448],{},[15,94444,94374],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94447,94380],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[129,94450,158,94452,3466],{"id":94451},"what-round-does",[15,94453,94359],{},[134,94455,94456,94461,94464,94467],{},[137,94457,94458,94460],{},[15,94459,94359],{}," is a built-in Python function",[137,94462,94463],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[137,94465,94466],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[137,94468,94469],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94471,94472],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[129,94474,1940],{"id":1939},[20,94476,1943],{},[31,94478,94480],{"className":33,"code":94479,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94481,94482],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94483,94484,94486,94488,94490,94493,94496],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94485,94400],{"class":84},[40,94487,88],{"class":54},[40,94489,2023],{"class":91},[40,94491,94492],{"class":54},"[,",[40,94494,94495],{"class":91}," ndigits",[40,94497,570],{"class":54},[134,94499,94500,94505,94510],{},[137,94501,94502,94504],{},[15,94503,2023],{}," is the value to round",[137,94506,94507,19800],{},[15,94508,94509],{},"ndigits",[137,94511,94512,94514],{},[15,94513,94509],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94516,94517],{},"Basic examples:",[31,94519,94521],{"className":33,"code":94520,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94522,94523,94538,94556],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94524,94525,94527,94529,94531,94533,94536],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94526,101],{"class":84},[40,94528,88],{"class":54},[40,94530,94400],{"class":84},[40,94532,88],{"class":54},[40,94534,94535],{"class":58},"7.8",[40,94537,256],{"class":54},[40,94539,94540,94542,94544,94546,94548,94550,94552,94554],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,94541,101],{"class":84},[40,94543,88],{"class":54},[40,94545,94400],{"class":84},[40,94547,88],{"class":54},[40,94549,94535],{"class":58},[40,94551,62],{"class":54},[40,94553,1226],{"class":58},[40,94555,256],{"class":54},[40,94557,94558,94560,94562,94564,94566,94569,94571,94573,94575],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,94559,101],{"class":84},[40,94561,88],{"class":54},[40,94563,94400],{"class":84},[40,94565,88],{"class":54},[40,94567,94568],{"class":58},"1234",[40,94570,62],{"class":54},[40,94572,1223],{"class":50},[40,94574,744],{"class":58},[40,94576,256],{"class":54},[20,94578,111],{},[31,94580,94582],{"className":33,"code":94581,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94583,94584,94588,94593],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94585,94586],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94587,2165],{"class":58},[40,94589,94590],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,94591,94592],{"class":58},"7.8\n",[40,94594,94595],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,94596,94597],{"class":58},"1200\n",[20,94599,94600,94601,289],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[282,94602,2203],{"href":2202},[129,94604,795,94606,94608],{"id":94605},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94607,94359],{}," with one argument",[20,94610,94611],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[31,94613,94615],{"className":33,"code":94614,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94616,94617,94631],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94618,94619,94621,94623,94625,94627,94629],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94620,101],{"class":84},[40,94622,88],{"class":54},[40,94624,94400],{"class":84},[40,94626,88],{"class":54},[40,94628,2146],{"class":58},[40,94630,256],{"class":54},[40,94632,94633,94635,94637,94639,94641,94644],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,94634,101],{"class":84},[40,94636,88],{"class":54},[40,94638,94400],{"class":84},[40,94640,88],{"class":54},[40,94642,94643],{"class":58},"4.8",[40,94645,256],{"class":54},[20,94647,111],{},[31,94649,94651],{"className":33,"code":94650,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"4\n5\n",[15,94652,94653,94657],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94654,94655],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94656,48402],{"class":58},[40,94658,94659],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,94660,2732],{"class":58},[20,94662,94663],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[31,94665,94667],{"className":33,"code":94666,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94668,94669,94685,94695],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94670,94671,94673,94675,94678,94680,94683],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94672,2013],{"class":46},[40,94674,51],{"class":50},[40,94676,94677],{"class":84}," round",[40,94679,88],{"class":54},[40,94681,94682],{"class":58},"10.2",[40,94684,95],{"class":54},[40,94686,94687,94689,94691,94693],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,94688,101],{"class":84},[40,94690,88],{"class":54},[40,94692,2048],{"class":91},[40,94694,95],{"class":54},[40,94696,94697,94699,94701,94703,94705,94707],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,94698,101],{"class":84},[40,94700,88],{"class":54},[40,94702,1297],{"class":609},[40,94704,88],{"class":54},[40,94706,2048],{"class":91},[40,94708,256],{"class":54},[20,94710,111],{},[31,94712,94714],{"className":33,"code":94713,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94715,94716,94720],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94717,94718],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94719,2160],{"class":58},[40,94721,94722,94724,94726,94728,94730,94732],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,94723,3076],{"class":50},[40,94725,3079],{"class":1848},[40,94727,3082],{"class":212},[40,94729,1972],{"class":216},[40,94731,3087],{"class":212},[40,94733,3090],{"class":50},[20,94735,94736,94737,289],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[282,94738,285,94739,288],{"href":2658},[15,94740,2661],{},[129,94742,795,94744,94746],{"id":94743},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94745,94359],{}," with decimal places",[20,94748,94749],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[31,94751,94753],{"className":33,"code":94752,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94754,94755,94773],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94756,94757,94759,94761,94763,94765,94767,94769,94771],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94758,101],{"class":84},[40,94760,88],{"class":54},[40,94762,94400],{"class":84},[40,94764,88],{"class":54},[40,94766,94405],{"class":58},[40,94768,62],{"class":54},[40,94770,663],{"class":58},[40,94772,256],{"class":54},[40,94774,94775,94777,94779,94781,94783,94785,94787,94789],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,94776,101],{"class":84},[40,94778,88],{"class":54},[40,94780,94400],{"class":84},[40,94782,88],{"class":54},[40,94784,94405],{"class":58},[40,94786,62],{"class":54},[40,94788,749],{"class":58},[40,94790,256],{"class":54},[20,94792,111],{},[31,94794,94796],{"className":33,"code":94795,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94797,94798,94802],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94799,94800],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94801,39932],{"class":58},[40,94803,94804],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,94805,94806],{"class":58},"3.142\n",[20,94808,94809],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[31,94811,94813],{"className":33,"code":94812,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94814,94815,94824,94843,94847,94857],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94816,94817,94819,94821],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94818,40142],{"class":46},[40,94820,51],{"class":50},[40,94822,94823],{"class":58}," 19.9876\n",[40,94825,94826,94829,94831,94833,94835,94837,94839,94841],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,94827,94828],{"class":46},"rounded_price ",[40,94830,51],{"class":50},[40,94832,94677],{"class":84},[40,94834,88],{"class":54},[40,94836,24912],{"class":91},[40,94838,62],{"class":54},[40,94840,663],{"class":58},[40,94842,95],{"class":54},[40,94844,94845],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,94846,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,94848,94849,94851,94853,94855],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,94850,101],{"class":84},[40,94852,88],{"class":54},[40,94854,24912],{"class":91},[40,94856,95],{"class":54},[40,94858,94859,94861,94863,94866],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,94860,101],{"class":84},[40,94862,88],{"class":54},[40,94864,94865],{"class":91},"rounded_price",[40,94867,95],{"class":54},[20,94869,111],{},[31,94871,94873],{"className":33,"code":94872,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94874,94875,94880],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94876,94877],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94878,94879],{"class":58},"19.9876\n",[40,94881,94882],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,94883,94884],{"class":58},"19.99\n",[20,94886,94887,94888,94891,94892,2662,94894,289],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94889,94890],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[282,94893,40647],{"href":40646},[282,94895,285,94896,288],{"href":2665},[15,94897,2668],{},[129,94899,94901,94902],{"id":94900},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94903,94509],{},[20,94905,94906,94907,94909],{},"A negative ",[15,94908,94509],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[31,94911,94913],{"className":33,"code":94912,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94914,94915,94935,94955],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94916,94917,94919,94921,94923,94925,94927,94929,94931,94933],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94918,101],{"class":84},[40,94920,88],{"class":54},[40,94922,94400],{"class":84},[40,94924,88],{"class":54},[40,94926,94568],{"class":58},[40,94928,62],{"class":54},[40,94930,1223],{"class":50},[40,94932,658],{"class":58},[40,94934,256],{"class":54},[40,94936,94937,94939,94941,94943,94945,94947,94949,94951,94953],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,94938,101],{"class":84},[40,94940,88],{"class":54},[40,94942,94400],{"class":84},[40,94944,88],{"class":54},[40,94946,94568],{"class":58},[40,94948,62],{"class":54},[40,94950,1223],{"class":50},[40,94952,744],{"class":58},[40,94954,256],{"class":54},[40,94956,94957,94959,94961,94963,94965,94967,94969,94971,94973],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,94958,101],{"class":84},[40,94960,88],{"class":54},[40,94962,94400],{"class":84},[40,94964,88],{"class":54},[40,94966,94568],{"class":58},[40,94968,62],{"class":54},[40,94970,1223],{"class":50},[40,94972,401],{"class":58},[40,94974,256],{"class":54},[20,94976,111],{},[31,94978,94980],{"className":33,"code":94979,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,94981,94982,94987,94991],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,94983,94984],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,94985,94986],{"class":58},"1230\n",[40,94988,94989],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,94990,94597],{"class":58},[40,94992,94993],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,94994,94995],{"class":58},"1000\n",[20,94997,65322],{},[134,94999,95000,95005,95011],{},[137,95001,95002,95004],{},[15,95003,65591],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[137,95006,95007,95010],{},[15,95008,95009],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[137,95012,95013,95015],{},[15,95014,47422],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95017,95018],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[129,95020,95022],{"id":95021},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95024,95025,95026,289],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95027,95028],{},".5",[20,95030,5251],{},[31,95032,95034],{"className":33,"code":95033,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95035,95036,95050],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95037,95038,95040,95042,95044,95046,95048],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95039,101],{"class":84},[40,95041,88],{"class":54},[40,95043,94400],{"class":84},[40,95045,88],{"class":54},[40,95047,40913],{"class":58},[40,95049,256],{"class":54},[40,95051,95052,95054,95056,95058,95060,95062],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,95053,101],{"class":84},[40,95055,88],{"class":54},[40,95057,94400],{"class":84},[40,95059,88],{"class":54},[40,95061,1824],{"class":58},[40,95063,256],{"class":54},[20,95065,111],{},[31,95067,95069],{"className":33,"code":95068,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"2\n4\n",[15,95070,95071,95075],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95072,95073],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95074,1489],{"class":58},[40,95076,95077],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,95078,48402],{"class":58},[20,95080,95081,95082,95085,95086,95088],{},"Python uses ",[183,95083,95084],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95087,95028],{}," situations.",[20,95090,95091],{},"More examples:",[31,95093,95095],{"className":33,"code":95094,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95096,95097,95111,95125,95139],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95098,95099,95101,95103,95105,95107,95109],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95100,101],{"class":84},[40,95102,88],{"class":54},[40,95104,94400],{"class":84},[40,95106,88],{"class":54},[40,95108,40926],{"class":58},[40,95110,256],{"class":54},[40,95112,95113,95115,95117,95119,95121,95123],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,95114,101],{"class":84},[40,95116,88],{"class":54},[40,95118,94400],{"class":84},[40,95120,88],{"class":54},[40,95122,40913],{"class":58},[40,95124,256],{"class":54},[40,95126,95127,95129,95131,95133,95135,95137],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,95128,101],{"class":84},[40,95130,88],{"class":54},[40,95132,94400],{"class":84},[40,95134,88],{"class":54},[40,95136,1824],{"class":58},[40,95138,256],{"class":54},[40,95140,95141,95143,95145,95147,95149,95151],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,95142,101],{"class":84},[40,95144,88],{"class":54},[40,95146,94400],{"class":84},[40,95148,88],{"class":54},[40,95150,40878],{"class":58},[40,95152,256],{"class":54},[20,95154,111],{},[31,95156,95158],{"className":33,"code":95157,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95159,95160,95164,95168,95172],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95161,95162],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95163,1489],{"class":58},[40,95165,95166],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,95167,1489],{"class":58},[40,95169,95170],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,95171,48402],{"class":58},[40,95173,95174],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,95175,48402],{"class":58},[20,95177,95178],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95180,10482],{},[134,95182,95183,95190],{},[137,95184,95185,1916,95188],{},[15,95186,95187],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95189,744],{},[137,95191,95192,1916,95195],{},[15,95193,95194],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95196,2288],{},[20,95198,2955,95199,95201],{},[15,95200,95028],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[129,95203,95205],{"id":95204},"return-values","Return values",[20,95207,95208,95210],{},[15,95209,94359],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95212,181,95213,95215],{},[183,95214,185],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[31,95217,95219],{"className":33,"code":95218,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95220,95221,95230,95234,95244,95262],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95222,95223,95225,95227],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95224,2230],{"class":46},[40,95226,51],{"class":50},[40,95228,95229],{"class":58}," 3.14159\n",[40,95231,95232],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,95233,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,95235,95236,95238,95240,95242],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,95237,101],{"class":84},[40,95239,88],{"class":54},[40,95241,2255],{"class":91},[40,95243,95],{"class":54},[40,95245,95246,95248,95250,95252,95254,95256,95258,95260],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,95247,101],{"class":84},[40,95249,88],{"class":54},[40,95251,94400],{"class":84},[40,95253,88],{"class":54},[40,95255,2255],{"class":91},[40,95257,62],{"class":54},[40,95259,663],{"class":58},[40,95261,256],{"class":54},[40,95263,95264,95266,95268,95270],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,95265,101],{"class":84},[40,95267,88],{"class":54},[40,95269,2255],{"class":91},[40,95271,95],{"class":54},[20,95273,111],{},[31,95275,95277],{"className":33,"code":95276,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95278,95279,95284,95288],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95280,95281],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95282,95283],{"class":58},"3.14159\n",[40,95285,95286],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,95287,39932],{"class":58},[40,95289,95290],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,95291,95283],{"class":58},[20,95293,95294],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[31,95296,95298],{"className":33,"code":95297,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95299,95300,95308,95326,95330],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95301,95302,95304,95306],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95303,2230],{"class":46},[40,95305,51],{"class":50},[40,95307,95229],{"class":58},[40,95309,95310,95312,95314,95316,95318,95320,95322,95324],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,95311,2230],{"class":46},[40,95313,51],{"class":50},[40,95315,94677],{"class":84},[40,95317,88],{"class":54},[40,95319,2255],{"class":91},[40,95321,62],{"class":54},[40,95323,663],{"class":58},[40,95325,95],{"class":54},[40,95327,95328],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,95329,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,95331,95332,95334,95336,95338],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,95333,101],{"class":84},[40,95335,88],{"class":54},[40,95337,2255],{"class":91},[40,95339,95],{"class":54},[20,95341,111],{},[31,95343,95344],{"className":33,"code":39932,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,95345,95346],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95347,95348],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95349,39932],{"class":58},[129,95351,1345,95353],{"id":95352},"when-to-use-round",[15,95354,94359],{},[20,95356,123,95357,6095],{},[15,95358,94359],{},[134,95360,95361,95364,95367,95370],{},[137,95362,95363],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[137,95365,95366],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[137,95368,95369],{},"Round values before reporting results",[137,95371,95372],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95374,5251],{},[31,95376,95378],{"className":33,"code":95377,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95379,95380,95389],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95381,95382,95384,95386],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95383,2378],{"class":46},[40,95385,51],{"class":50},[40,95387,95388],{"class":58}," 12.67891\n",[40,95390,95391,95393,95395,95397,95399,95401,95403,95405],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,95392,101],{"class":84},[40,95394,88],{"class":54},[40,95396,94400],{"class":84},[40,95398,88],{"class":54},[40,95400,2401],{"class":91},[40,95402,62],{"class":54},[40,95404,663],{"class":58},[40,95406,256],{"class":54},[20,95408,111],{},[31,95410,95412],{"className":33,"code":95411,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"12.68\n",[15,95413,95414],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95415,95416],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95417,95411],{"class":58},[129,95419,2613],{"id":2612},[20,95421,22856,95422,289],{},[15,95423,94359],{},[792,95425,8223,95427,95429,95430,95432],{"id":95426},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95428,94359],{}," to always round ",[15,95431,95028],{}," upward",[20,95434,95435],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[31,95437,95438],{"className":33,"code":95033,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,95439,95440,95454],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95441,95442,95444,95446,95448,95450,95452],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95443,101],{"class":84},[40,95445,88],{"class":54},[40,95447,94400],{"class":84},[40,95449,88],{"class":54},[40,95451,40913],{"class":58},[40,95453,256],{"class":54},[40,95455,95456,95458,95460,95462,95464,95466],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,95457,101],{"class":84},[40,95459,88],{"class":54},[40,95461,94400],{"class":84},[40,95463,88],{"class":54},[40,95465,1824],{"class":58},[40,95467,256],{"class":54},[20,95469,111],{},[31,95471,95472],{"className":33,"code":95068,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,95473,95474,95478],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95475,95476],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95477,1489],{"class":58},[40,95479,95480],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,95481,48402],{"class":58},[20,95483,95484],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[792,95486,95488],{"id":95487},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95490,95491,95493],{},[15,95492,94359],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[31,95495,95497],{"className":33,"code":95496,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95498,95499,95507,95521,95525],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95500,95501,95503,95505],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95502,2230],{"class":46},[40,95504,51],{"class":50},[40,95506,95229],{"class":58},[40,95508,95509,95511,95513,95515,95517,95519],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,95510,94400],{"class":84},[40,95512,88],{"class":54},[40,95514,2255],{"class":91},[40,95516,62],{"class":54},[40,95518,663],{"class":58},[40,95520,95],{"class":54},[40,95522,95523],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,95524,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,95526,95527,95529,95531,95533],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,95528,101],{"class":84},[40,95530,88],{"class":54},[40,95532,2255],{"class":91},[40,95534,95],{"class":54},[20,95536,111],{},[31,95538,95539],{"className":33,"code":95283,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,95540,95541],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95542,95543],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95544,95283],{"class":58},[20,95546,95547],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[31,95549,95551],{"className":33,"code":95550,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95552,95553],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95554,95555,95557,95559,95561,95563,95565,95567,95569],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95556,2230],{"class":46},[40,95558,51],{"class":50},[40,95560,94677],{"class":84},[40,95562,88],{"class":54},[40,95564,2255],{"class":91},[40,95566,62],{"class":54},[40,95568,663],{"class":58},[40,95570,95],{"class":54},[792,95572,95574],{"id":95573},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95576,16168],{},[31,95578,95580],{"className":33,"code":95579,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95581,95582],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95583,95584],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95585,95579],{"class":3449},[20,95587,95588],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[31,95590,95592],{"className":33,"code":95591,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95593,95594,95606,95620,95624],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95595,95596,95598,95600,95602,95604],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95597,34450],{"class":46},[40,95599,51],{"class":50},[40,95601,224],{"class":212},[40,95603,39898],{"class":216},[40,95605,3146],{"class":212},[40,95607,95608,95610,95612,95614,95616,95618],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,95609,2001],{"class":46},[40,95611,51],{"class":50},[40,95613,40010],{"class":609},[40,95615,88],{"class":54},[40,95617,34471],{"class":91},[40,95619,95],{"class":54},[40,95621,95622],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,95623,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,95625,95626,95628,95630,95632,95634,95636,95638,95640],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,95627,101],{"class":84},[40,95629,88],{"class":54},[40,95631,94400],{"class":84},[40,95633,88],{"class":54},[40,95635,2023],{"class":91},[40,95637,62],{"class":54},[40,95639,1226],{"class":58},[40,95641,256],{"class":54},[20,95643,111],{},[31,95645,95647],{"className":33,"code":95646,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3.1\n",[15,95648,95649],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95650,95651],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95652,95646],{"class":58},[792,95654,95656],{"id":95655},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95658,95659,95661],{},[15,95660,94359],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95663,95664,95665,2662,95669,289],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[282,95666,95667],{"href":2665},[15,95668,2668],{},[282,95670,95671],{"href":2658},[15,95672,2661],{},[129,95674,1636],{"id":1635},[792,95676,12474,95678,95680,95681,95683],{"id":95677},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95679,94359],{}," always round ",[15,95682,39969],{}," up?",[20,95685,95686],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[792,95688,12474,95690,95692],{"id":95689},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95691,94359],{}," change the original number?",[20,95694,95695],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[792,95697,4947,95699,95701],{"id":95698},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95700,94359],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95703,95704,95705,95707,95708,2662,95710,289],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95706,94509],{}," value like ",[15,95709,65591],{},[15,95711,95009],{},[792,95713,1671,95715,95717,95718,2275],{"id":95714},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95716,94359],{}," on a string like ",[15,95719,47846],{},[20,95721,95722,95723,2662,95725,289],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95724,2668],{},[15,95726,2661],{},[129,95728,1687],{"id":1686},[134,95730,95731,95737,95743,95747],{},[137,95732,95733],{},[282,95734,285,95735,288],{"href":2665},[15,95736,2668],{},[137,95738,95739],{},[282,95740,285,95741,288],{"href":2658},[15,95742,2661],{},[137,95744,95745],{},[282,95746,2203],{"href":2202},[137,95748,95749],{},[282,95750,41934],{"href":40646},[1715,95752,95753],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":95755},[95756,95757,95759,95760,95762,95764,95766,95767,95768,95770,95777,95787],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":94451,"depth":76,"text":95758},"What round() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":94605,"depth":76,"text":95761},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94743,"depth":76,"text":95763},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94900,"depth":76,"text":95765},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95021,"depth":76,"text":95022},{"id":95204,"depth":76,"text":95205},{"id":95352,"depth":76,"text":95769},"When to use round()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":95771},[95772,95774,95775,95776],{"id":95426,"depth":98,"text":95773},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95487,"depth":98,"text":95488},{"id":95573,"depth":98,"text":95574},{"id":95655,"depth":98,"text":95656},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":95778},[95779,95781,95783,95785],{"id":95677,"depth":98,"text":95780},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95689,"depth":98,"text":95782},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95698,"depth":98,"text":95784},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95714,"depth":98,"text":95786},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94351,"description":95788},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95795,"title":95796,"body":95797,"description":96982,"extension":1746,"meta":96983,"navigation":360,"path":96984,"seo":96985,"stem":96986,"__hash__":96987},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95798,"toc":96956},[95799,95806,95812,95815,95817,95866,95870,95895,95900,95905,95910,95924,95935,95937,95956,95958,95974,95977,95988,95990,95992,96053,96057,96090,96097,96104,96107,96140,96143,96147,96150,96203,96207,96228,96234,96241,96248,96309,96317,96394,96398,96410,96419,96421,96427,96433,96437,96490,96493,96551,96555,96563,96566,96570,96573,96583,96585,96682,96685,96696,96699,96742,96746,96770,96773,96779,96781,96785,96810,96812,96879,96888,96890,96896,96901,96905,96908,96912,96919,96923,96928,96930,96947,96953],[10,95800,95802,95803,11091],{"id":95801},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95804,95805],{},"add()",[20,95807,95808,95811],{},[15,95809,95810],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95813,95814],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[129,95816,1787],{"id":1786},[31,95818,95820],{"className":33,"code":95819,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95821,95822,95842,95856],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95823,95824,95826,95828,95830,95832,95834,95836,95838,95840],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95825,47],{"class":46},[40,95827,51],{"class":50},[40,95829,10260],{"class":54},[40,95831,658],{"class":58},[40,95833,62],{"class":54},[40,95835,663],{"class":58},[40,95837,62],{"class":54},[40,95839,749],{"class":58},[40,95841,9079],{"class":54},[40,95843,95844,95846,95848,95850,95852,95854],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,95845,92],{"class":46},[40,95847,289],{"class":54},[40,95849,81705],{"class":91},[40,95851,88],{"class":54},[40,95853,2288],{"class":58},[40,95855,95],{"class":54},[40,95857,95858,95860,95862,95864],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,95859,101],{"class":84},[40,95861,88],{"class":54},[40,95863,92],{"class":91},[40,95865,95],{"class":54},[20,95867,95868],{},[183,95869,111],{},[31,95871,95873],{"className":33,"code":95872,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95874,95875],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95876,95877,95879,95881,95883,95885,95887,95889,95891,95893],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95878,9048],{"class":54},[40,95880,658],{"class":58},[40,95882,62],{"class":54},[40,95884,663],{"class":58},[40,95886,62],{"class":54},[40,95888,749],{"class":58},[40,95890,62],{"class":54},[40,95892,675],{"class":58},[40,95894,9079],{"class":54},[20,95896,123,95897,95899],{},[15,95898,95805],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[129,95901,158,95903,3466],{"id":95902},"what-setadd-does",[15,95904,95810],{},[20,95906,95907,95909],{},[15,95908,95810],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[134,95911,95912,95915,95918,95921],{},[137,95913,95914],{},"Adds one item to a set",[137,95916,95917],{},"Changes the original set in place",[137,95919,95920],{},"Does not return a new set",[137,95922,95923],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95925,95926,95927,2662,95931,289],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[282,95928,95930],{"href":95929},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[282,95932,95934],{"href":95933},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[129,95936,1940],{"id":1939},[31,95938,95940],{"className":33,"code":95939,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,95941,95942],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95943,95944,95946,95948,95950,95952,95954],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,95945,15433],{"class":46},[40,95947,289],{"class":54},[40,95949,81705],{"class":91},[40,95951,88],{"class":54},[40,95953,23072],{"class":91},[40,95955,95],{"class":54},[20,95957,11228],{},[134,95959,95960,95965,95968],{},[137,95961,55652,95962,95964],{},[15,95963,95805],{}," on an existing set",[137,95966,95967],{},"Pass exactly one item",[137,95969,95970,95971],{},"The item must be ",[183,95972,95973],{},"hashable",[20,95975,95976],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[134,95978,95979,95981,95983,95986],{},[137,95980,56204],{},[137,95982,56207],{},[137,95984,95985],{},"Tuples",[137,95987,40350],{},[129,95989,11245],{"id":11244},[20,95991,11248],{},[31,95993,95995],{"className":33,"code":95994,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,95996,95997,96021,96039,96043],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,95998,95999,96001,96003,96005,96007,96009,96011,96013,96015,96017,96019],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96000,309],{"class":46},[40,96002,51],{"class":50},[40,96004,10260],{"class":54},[40,96006,213],{"class":212},[40,96008,318],{"class":216},[40,96010,213],{"class":212},[40,96012,62],{"class":54},[40,96014,224],{"class":212},[40,96016,336],{"class":216},[40,96018,213],{"class":212},[40,96020,9079],{"class":54},[40,96022,96023,96025,96027,96029,96031,96033,96035,96037],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,96024,353],{"class":46},[40,96026,289],{"class":54},[40,96028,81705],{"class":91},[40,96030,88],{"class":54},[40,96032,213],{"class":212},[40,96034,327],{"class":216},[40,96036,213],{"class":212},[40,96038,95],{"class":54},[40,96040,96041],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,96042,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,96044,96045,96047,96049,96051],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,96046,101],{"class":84},[40,96048,88],{"class":54},[40,96050,353],{"class":91},[40,96052,95],{"class":54},[20,96054,96055],{},[183,96056,29790],{},[31,96058,96060],{"className":33,"code":96059,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96061,96062],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96063,96064,96066,96068,96070,96072,96074,96076,96078,96080,96082,96084,96086,96088],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96065,9048],{"class":54},[40,96067,3087],{"class":212},[40,96069,318],{"class":216},[40,96071,3087],{"class":212},[40,96073,62],{"class":54},[40,96075,3082],{"class":212},[40,96077,327],{"class":216},[40,96079,3087],{"class":212},[40,96081,62],{"class":54},[40,96083,3082],{"class":212},[40,96085,336],{"class":216},[40,96087,3087],{"class":212},[40,96089,9079],{"class":54},[20,96091,96092,96093,96096],{},"The new value ",[15,96094,96095],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96098,96099,96100,96103],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[183,96101,96102],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96105,96106],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[31,96108,96110],{"className":33,"code":96109,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96111,96112],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96113,96114,96116,96118,96120,96122,96124,96126,96128,96130,96132,96134,96136,96138],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96115,9048],{"class":54},[40,96117,3087],{"class":212},[40,96119,336],{"class":216},[40,96121,3087],{"class":212},[40,96123,62],{"class":54},[40,96125,3082],{"class":212},[40,96127,318],{"class":216},[40,96129,3087],{"class":212},[40,96131,62],{"class":54},[40,96133,3082],{"class":212},[40,96135,327],{"class":216},[40,96137,3087],{"class":212},[40,96139,9079],{"class":54},[20,96141,96142],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[129,96144,96146],{"id":96145},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96148,96149],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[31,96151,96153],{"className":33,"code":96152,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96154,96155,96175,96189,96193],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96156,96157,96159,96161,96163,96165,96167,96169,96171,96173],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96158,47],{"class":46},[40,96160,51],{"class":50},[40,96162,10260],{"class":54},[40,96164,658],{"class":58},[40,96166,62],{"class":54},[40,96168,663],{"class":58},[40,96170,62],{"class":54},[40,96172,749],{"class":58},[40,96174,9079],{"class":54},[40,96176,96177,96179,96181,96183,96185,96187],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,96178,92],{"class":46},[40,96180,289],{"class":54},[40,96182,81705],{"class":91},[40,96184,88],{"class":54},[40,96186,744],{"class":58},[40,96188,95],{"class":54},[40,96190,96191],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,96192,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,96194,96195,96197,96199,96201],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,96196,101],{"class":84},[40,96198,88],{"class":54},[40,96200,92],{"class":91},[40,96202,95],{"class":54},[20,96204,96205],{},[183,96206,111],{},[31,96208,96210],{"className":33,"code":96209,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96211,96212],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96213,96214,96216,96218,96220,96222,96224,96226],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96215,9048],{"class":54},[40,96217,658],{"class":58},[40,96219,62],{"class":54},[40,96221,663],{"class":58},[40,96223,62],{"class":54},[40,96225,749],{"class":58},[40,96227,9079],{"class":54},[20,96229,96230,96231,96233],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96232,744],{}," was already present.",[129,96235,96237,10355,96239],{"id":96236},"add-vs-update",[15,96238,95805],{},[15,96240,14722],{},[20,96242,123,96243,96245,96246,289],{},[15,96244,95805],{}," when you want to add ",[183,96247,276],{},[31,96249,96251],{"className":33,"code":96250,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96252,96253,96277,96295,96299],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96254,96255,96257,96259,96261,96263,96265,96267,96269,96271,96273,96275],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96256,1000],{"class":46},[40,96258,51],{"class":50},[40,96260,10260],{"class":54},[40,96262,213],{"class":212},[40,96264,282],{"class":216},[40,96266,213],{"class":212},[40,96268,62],{"class":54},[40,96270,224],{"class":212},[40,96272,1017],{"class":216},[40,96274,213],{"class":212},[40,96276,9079],{"class":54},[40,96278,96279,96281,96283,96285,96287,96289,96291,96293],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,96280,1043],{"class":46},[40,96282,289],{"class":54},[40,96284,81705],{"class":91},[40,96286,88],{"class":54},[40,96288,213],{"class":212},[40,96290,1026],{"class":216},[40,96292,213],{"class":212},[40,96294,95],{"class":54},[40,96296,96297],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,96298,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,96300,96301,96303,96305,96307],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,96302,101],{"class":84},[40,96304,88],{"class":54},[40,96306,1043],{"class":91},[40,96308,95],{"class":54},[20,96310,123,96311,96245,96313,96316],{},[15,96312,14722],{},[183,96314,96315],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[31,96318,96320],{"className":33,"code":96319,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96321,96322,96346,96380,96384],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96323,96324,96326,96328,96330,96332,96334,96336,96338,96340,96342,96344],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96325,1000],{"class":46},[40,96327,51],{"class":50},[40,96329,10260],{"class":54},[40,96331,213],{"class":212},[40,96333,282],{"class":216},[40,96335,213],{"class":212},[40,96337,62],{"class":54},[40,96339,224],{"class":212},[40,96341,1017],{"class":216},[40,96343,213],{"class":212},[40,96345,9079],{"class":54},[40,96347,96348,96350,96352,96354,96356,96358,96360,96362,96364,96366,96368,96370,96372,96374,96376,96378],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,96349,1043],{"class":46},[40,96351,289],{"class":54},[40,96353,30224],{"class":91},[40,96355,2771],{"class":54},[40,96357,213],{"class":212},[40,96359,1026],{"class":216},[40,96361,213],{"class":212},[40,96363,62],{"class":54},[40,96365,224],{"class":212},[40,96367,18530],{"class":216},[40,96369,213],{"class":212},[40,96371,62],{"class":54},[40,96373,224],{"class":212},[40,96375,60187],{"class":216},[40,96377,213],{"class":212},[40,96379,570],{"class":54},[40,96381,96382],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,96383,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,96385,96386,96388,96390,96392],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,96387,101],{"class":84},[40,96389,88],{"class":54},[40,96391,1043],{"class":91},[40,96393,95],{"class":54},[792,96395,96397],{"id":96396},"key-difference","Key difference",[134,96399,96400,96405],{},[137,96401,96402,96404],{},[15,96403,95805],{}," adds one item",[137,96406,96407,96409],{},[15,96408,14722],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96411,96412,96413,289],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[282,96414,96416,96417,10510],{"href":96415},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96418,14722],{},[129,96420,17184],{"id":17183},[20,96422,96423,398,96425,289],{},[15,96424,95810],{},[15,96426,3565],{},[20,96428,96429,96430,96432],{},"That means you should ",[183,96431,185],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[792,96434,96436],{"id":96435},"correct","Correct",[31,96438,96440],{"className":33,"code":96439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96441,96442,96462,96476,96480],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96443,96444,96446,96448,96450,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96445,15395],{"class":46},[40,96447,51],{"class":50},[40,96449,10260],{"class":54},[40,96451,658],{"class":58},[40,96453,62],{"class":54},[40,96455,663],{"class":58},[40,96457,62],{"class":54},[40,96459,749],{"class":58},[40,96461,9079],{"class":54},[40,96463,96464,96466,96468,96470,96472,96474],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,96465,15433],{"class":46},[40,96467,289],{"class":54},[40,96469,81705],{"class":91},[40,96471,88],{"class":54},[40,96473,2288],{"class":58},[40,96475,95],{"class":54},[40,96477,96478],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,96479,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,96481,96482,96484,96486,96488],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,96483,101],{"class":84},[40,96485,88],{"class":54},[40,96487,15433],{"class":91},[40,96489,95],{"class":54},[792,96491,96492],{"id":61508},"Wrong",[31,96494,96496],{"className":33,"code":96495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96497,96498,96518,96537,96541],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96499,96500,96502,96504,96506,96508,96510,96512,96514,96516],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96501,15395],{"class":46},[40,96503,51],{"class":50},[40,96505,10260],{"class":54},[40,96507,658],{"class":58},[40,96509,62],{"class":54},[40,96511,663],{"class":58},[40,96513,62],{"class":54},[40,96515,749],{"class":58},[40,96517,9079],{"class":54},[40,96519,96520,96522,96524,96527,96529,96531,96533,96535],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,96521,15395],{"class":46},[40,96523,51],{"class":50},[40,96525,96526],{"class":46}," my_set",[40,96528,289],{"class":54},[40,96530,81705],{"class":91},[40,96532,88],{"class":54},[40,96534,2288],{"class":58},[40,96536,95],{"class":54},[40,96538,96539],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,96540,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,96542,96543,96545,96547,96549],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,96544,101],{"class":84},[40,96546,88],{"class":54},[40,96548,15433],{"class":91},[40,96550,95],{"class":54},[20,96552,96553],{},[183,96554,111],{},[31,96556,96557],{"className":33,"code":11577,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,96558,96559],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96560,96561],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96562,11577],{"class":1494},[20,96564,96565],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[129,96567,96569],{"id":96568},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96571,96572],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[134,96574,96575,96577,96579,96581],{},[137,96576,56204],{},[137,96578,56207],{},[137,96580,95985],{},[137,96582,40350],{},[20,96584,195],{},[31,96586,96588],{"className":33,"code":96587,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96589,96590,96600,96604,96618,96636,96654,96668,96672],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96591,96592,96594,96596,96598],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96593,479],{"class":46},[40,96595,51],{"class":50},[40,96597,15400],{"class":609},[40,96599,8413],{"class":54},[40,96601,96602],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,96603,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,96605,96606,96608,96610,96612,96614,96616],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,96607,497],{"class":46},[40,96609,289],{"class":54},[40,96611,81705],{"class":91},[40,96613,88],{"class":54},[40,96615,59],{"class":58},[40,96617,95],{"class":54},[40,96619,96620,96622,96624,96626,96628,96630,96632,96634],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,96621,497],{"class":46},[40,96623,289],{"class":54},[40,96625,81705],{"class":91},[40,96627,88],{"class":54},[40,96629,213],{"class":212},[40,96631,3632],{"class":216},[40,96633,213],{"class":212},[40,96635,95],{"class":54},[40,96637,96638,96640,96642,96644,96646,96648,96650,96652],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,96639,497],{"class":46},[40,96641,289],{"class":54},[40,96643,81705],{"class":91},[40,96645,5289],{"class":54},[40,96647,658],{"class":58},[40,96649,62],{"class":54},[40,96651,663],{"class":58},[40,96653,256],{"class":54},[40,96655,96656,96658,96660,96662,96664,96666],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,96657,497],{"class":46},[40,96659,289],{"class":54},[40,96661,81705],{"class":91},[40,96663,88],{"class":54},[40,96665,3391],{"class":1494},[40,96667,95],{"class":54},[40,96669,96670],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,96671,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,96673,96674,96676,96678,96680],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,96675,101],{"class":84},[40,96677,88],{"class":54},[40,96679,497],{"class":91},[40,96681,95],{"class":54},[20,96683,96684],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[134,96686,96687,96690,96693],{},[137,96688,96689],{},"Lists",[137,96691,96692],{},"Dictionaries",[137,96694,96695],{},"Sets",[20,96697,96698],{},"Example that causes an error:",[31,96700,96702],{"className":33,"code":96701,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96703,96704,96724],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96705,96706,96708,96710,96712,96714,96716,96718,96720,96722],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96707,479],{"class":46},[40,96709,51],{"class":50},[40,96711,10260],{"class":54},[40,96713,658],{"class":58},[40,96715,62],{"class":54},[40,96717,663],{"class":58},[40,96719,62],{"class":54},[40,96721,749],{"class":58},[40,96723,9079],{"class":54},[40,96725,96726,96728,96730,96732,96734,96736,96738,96740],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,96727,497],{"class":46},[40,96729,289],{"class":54},[40,96731,81705],{"class":91},[40,96733,2771],{"class":54},[40,96735,2288],{"class":58},[40,96737,62],{"class":54},[40,96739,4387],{"class":58},[40,96741,570],{"class":54},[20,96743,96744],{},[183,96745,29441],{},[31,96747,96749],{"className":33,"code":96748,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96750,96751],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96752,96753,96755,96757,96760,96762,96764,96766,96768],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96754,2790],{"class":609},[40,96756,2669],{"class":54},[40,96758,96759],{"class":46}," unhashable ",[40,96761,1297],{"class":609},[40,96763,2669],{"class":54},[40,96765,3082],{"class":212},[40,96767,610],{"class":216},[40,96769,29460],{"class":212},[20,96771,96772],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96774,96775,96776,289],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96777,96778],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[129,96780,2613],{"id":2612},[20,96782,14501,96783,2669],{},[15,96784,95810],{},[134,96786,96787,96792,96797,96800,96807],{},[137,96788,795,96789,96791],{},[15,96790,95805],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[137,96793,8223,96794,96796],{},[15,96795,95805],{}," to return the updated set",[137,96798,96799],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[137,96801,36960,96802,96804,96805],{},[15,96803,95810],{}," with list ",[15,96806,52399],{},[137,96808,96809],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96811,71105],{},[31,96813,96815],{"className":33,"code":96814,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96816,96817,96827,96841,96851,96865],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,96818,96819,96821,96823,96825],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,96820,101],{"class":84},[40,96822,88],{"class":54},[40,96824,15433],{"class":91},[40,96826,95],{"class":54},[40,96828,96829,96831,96833,96835,96837,96839],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,96830,101],{"class":84},[40,96832,88],{"class":54},[40,96834,1297],{"class":609},[40,96836,88],{"class":54},[40,96838,15433],{"class":91},[40,96840,256],{"class":54},[40,96842,96843,96845,96847,96849],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,96844,101],{"class":84},[40,96846,88],{"class":54},[40,96848,2255],{"class":91},[40,96850,95],{"class":54},[40,96852,96853,96855,96857,96859,96861,96863],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,96854,101],{"class":84},[40,96856,88],{"class":54},[40,96858,1297],{"class":609},[40,96860,88],{"class":54},[40,96862,2255],{"class":91},[40,96864,256],{"class":54},[40,96866,96867,96869,96871,96873,96875,96877],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,96868,31913],{"class":84},[40,96870,88],{"class":54},[40,96872,6064],{"class":609},[40,96874,289],{"class":54},[40,96876,81705],{"class":24512},[40,96878,95],{"class":54},[20,96880,96881,96882,96884,96885,289],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96883,95810],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[282,96886,52794],{"href":96887},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[129,96889,1636],{"id":1635},[792,96891,12474,96893,96895],{"id":96892},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96894,95810],{}," return a new set?",[20,96897,96898,96899,289],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96900,3565],{},[792,96902,96904],{"id":96903},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96906,96907],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[792,96909,96911],{"id":96910},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96913,123,96914,799,96917,289],{},[15,96915,96916],{},"set.update()",[15,96918,95805],{},[792,96920,96922],{"id":96921},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96924,96925,96926,289],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96927,2790],{},[129,96929,1687],{"id":1686},[134,96931,96932,96936,96941],{},[137,96933,96934],{},[282,96935,95930],{"href":95929},[137,96937,96938],{},[282,96939,96940],{"href":95933},"How to create a set in Python",[137,96942,96943],{},[282,96944,96416,96945,10510],{"href":96415},[15,96946,14722],{},[20,96948,96949,96950,96952],{},"Once you understand ",[15,96951,95805],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1715,96954,96955],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":96957},[96958,96959,96961,96962,96963,96964,96968,96972,96973,96974,96981],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":95902,"depth":76,"text":96960},"What set.add() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":96145,"depth":76,"text":96146},{"id":96236,"depth":76,"text":96965,"children":96966},"add() vs update()",[96967],{"id":96396,"depth":98,"text":96397},{"id":17183,"depth":76,"text":17184,"children":96969},[96970,96971],{"id":96435,"depth":98,"text":96436},{"id":61508,"depth":98,"text":96492},{"id":96568,"depth":76,"text":96569},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":96975},[96976,96978,96979,96980],{"id":96892,"depth":98,"text":96977},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96903,"depth":98,"text":96904},{"id":96910,"depth":98,"text":96911},{"id":96921,"depth":98,"text":96922},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95796,"description":96982},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":96989,"title":96990,"body":96991,"description":98160,"extension":1746,"meta":98161,"navigation":360,"path":98162,"seo":98163,"stem":98164,"__hash__":98165},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":96992,"toc":98127},[96993,96998,97004,97011,97056,97058,97069,97074,97079,97083,97097,97102,97104,97106,97121,97123,97137,97139,97141,97206,97208,97218,97220,97238,97244,97251,97256,97330,97332,97349,97355,97360,97431,97433,97460,97477,97480,97486,97488,97495,97499,97566,97568,97583,97586,97639,97641,97649,97661,97663,97667,97672,97674,97723,97725,97733,97735,97780,97782,97792,97798,97806,97819,97825,97827,97856,97858,97876,97880,97883,97914,97916,97934,97938,98013,98015,98031,98038,98040,98045,98050,98056,98059,98063,98071,98078,98086,98088,98124],[10,96994,95802,96996,11091],{"id":96995},"python-set-clear-method",[15,96997,11090],{},[20,96999,97000,97003],{},[15,97001,97002],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97005,97006,97007,97010],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[183,97008,97009],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[31,97012,97014],{"className":33,"code":97013,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97015,97016,97036,97046],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97017,97018,97020,97022,97024,97026,97028,97030,97032,97034],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97019,47],{"class":46},[40,97021,51],{"class":50},[40,97023,10260],{"class":54},[40,97025,658],{"class":58},[40,97027,62],{"class":54},[40,97029,663],{"class":58},[40,97031,62],{"class":54},[40,97033,749],{"class":58},[40,97035,9079],{"class":54},[40,97037,97038,97040,97042,97044],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,97039,92],{"class":46},[40,97041,289],{"class":54},[40,97043,11152],{"class":91},[40,97045,8413],{"class":54},[40,97047,97048,97050,97052,97054],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,97049,101],{"class":84},[40,97051,88],{"class":54},[40,97053,92],{"class":91},[40,97055,95],{"class":54},[20,97057,111],{},[31,97059,97061],{"className":33,"code":97060,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set()\n",[15,97062,97063],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97064,97065,97067],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97066,6064],{"class":609},[40,97068,8413],{"class":54},[20,97070,97071,97073],{},[15,97072,11090],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[129,97075,158,97077,3466],{"id":97076},"what-setclear-does",[15,97078,97002],{},[20,97080,606,97081,11182],{},[15,97082,11090],{},[134,97084,97085,97088,97090,97094],{},[137,97086,97087],{},"Removes every item from a set",[137,97089,95917],{},[137,97091,11193,97092],{},[15,97093,3565],{},[137,97095,97096],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97098,95926,97099,71204],{},[282,97100,95930],{"href":97101},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[129,97103,1940],{"id":1939},[20,97105,54190],{},[31,97107,97109],{"className":33,"code":97108,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97110,97111],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97112,97113,97115,97117,97119],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97114,15433],{"class":46},[40,97116,289],{"class":54},[40,97118,11152],{"class":91},[40,97120,8413],{"class":54},[20,97122,12821],{},[134,97124,97125,97128,97131,97134],{},[137,97126,97127],{},"It takes no arguments",[137,97129,97130],{},"It empties the set",[137,97132,97133],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[137,97135,97136],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[129,97138,11245],{"id":11244},[20,97140,11248],{},[31,97142,97144],{"className":33,"code":97143,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97145,97146,97178,97182,97192,97196],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97147,97148,97150,97152,97154,97156,97158,97160,97162,97164,97166,97168,97170,97172,97174,97176],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97149,309],{"class":46},[40,97151,51],{"class":50},[40,97153,10260],{"class":54},[40,97155,213],{"class":212},[40,97157,318],{"class":216},[40,97159,213],{"class":212},[40,97161,62],{"class":54},[40,97163,224],{"class":212},[40,97165,327],{"class":216},[40,97167,213],{"class":212},[40,97169,62],{"class":54},[40,97171,224],{"class":212},[40,97173,336],{"class":216},[40,97175,213],{"class":212},[40,97177,9079],{"class":54},[40,97179,97180],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,97181,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,97183,97184,97186,97188,97190],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,97185,353],{"class":46},[40,97187,289],{"class":54},[40,97189,11152],{"class":91},[40,97191,8413],{"class":54},[40,97193,97194],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,97195,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,97197,97198,97200,97202,97204],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,97199,101],{"class":84},[40,97201,88],{"class":54},[40,97203,353],{"class":91},[40,97205,95],{"class":54},[20,97207,111],{},[31,97209,97210],{"className":33,"code":97060,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,97211,97212],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97213,97214,97216],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97215,6064],{"class":609},[40,97217,8413],{"class":54},[20,97219,385],{},[134,97221,97222,97227,97232],{},[137,97223,97224,97226],{},[15,97225,353],{}," starts with three values",[137,97228,97229,11466],{},[15,97230,97231],{},"colors.clear()",[137,97233,97234,97235,97237],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97236,3584],{},", which means an empty set",[129,97239,97241,97243],{"id":97240},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97242,11090],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97245,97246,4176,97248,97250],{},[15,97247,11090],{},[15,97249,3584],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[792,97252,795,97254],{"id":97253},"using-clear",[15,97255,11090],{},[31,97257,97259],{"className":33,"code":97258,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97260,97261,97281,97291,97295,97305,97309,97319],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97262,97263,97265,97267,97269,97271,97273,97275,97277,97279],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97264,479],{"class":46},[40,97266,51],{"class":50},[40,97268,10260],{"class":54},[40,97270,658],{"class":58},[40,97272,62],{"class":54},[40,97274,663],{"class":58},[40,97276,62],{"class":54},[40,97278,749],{"class":58},[40,97280,9079],{"class":54},[40,97282,97283,97286,97288],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,97284,97285],{"class":46},"other_name ",[40,97287,51],{"class":50},[40,97289,97290],{"class":46}," items\n",[40,97292,97293],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,97294,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,97296,97297,97299,97301,97303],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,97298,497],{"class":46},[40,97300,289],{"class":54},[40,97302,11152],{"class":91},[40,97304,8413],{"class":54},[40,97306,97307],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,97308,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,97310,97311,97313,97315,97317],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,97312,101],{"class":84},[40,97314,88],{"class":54},[40,97316,497],{"class":91},[40,97318,95],{"class":54},[40,97320,97321,97323,97325,97328],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,97322,101],{"class":84},[40,97324,88],{"class":54},[40,97326,97327],{"class":91},"other_name",[40,97329,95],{"class":54},[20,97331,111],{},[31,97333,97335],{"className":33,"code":97334,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97336,97337,97343],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97338,97339,97341],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97340,6064],{"class":609},[40,97342,8413],{"class":54},[40,97344,97345,97347],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,97346,6064],{"class":609},[40,97348,8413],{"class":54},[20,97350,97351,97352,289],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[183,97353,97354],{},"same set object",[792,97356,795,97358],{"id":97357},"using-set",[15,97359,3584],{},[31,97361,97363],{"className":33,"code":97362,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97364,97365,97385,97393,97397,97407,97411,97421],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97366,97367,97369,97371,97373,97375,97377,97379,97381,97383],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97368,479],{"class":46},[40,97370,51],{"class":50},[40,97372,10260],{"class":54},[40,97374,658],{"class":58},[40,97376,62],{"class":54},[40,97378,663],{"class":58},[40,97380,62],{"class":54},[40,97382,749],{"class":58},[40,97384,9079],{"class":54},[40,97386,97387,97389,97391],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,97388,97285],{"class":46},[40,97390,51],{"class":50},[40,97392,97290],{"class":46},[40,97394,97395],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,97396,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,97398,97399,97401,97403,97405],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,97400,479],{"class":46},[40,97402,51],{"class":50},[40,97404,15400],{"class":609},[40,97406,8413],{"class":54},[40,97408,97409],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,97410,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,97412,97413,97415,97417,97419],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,97414,101],{"class":84},[40,97416,88],{"class":54},[40,97418,497],{"class":91},[40,97420,95],{"class":54},[40,97422,97423,97425,97427,97429],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,97424,101],{"class":84},[40,97426,88],{"class":54},[40,97428,97327],{"class":91},[40,97430,95],{"class":54},[20,97432,111],{},[31,97434,97436],{"className":33,"code":97435,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97437,97438,97444],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97439,97440,97442],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97441,6064],{"class":609},[40,97443,8413],{"class":54},[40,97445,97446,97448,97450,97452,97454,97456,97458],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,97447,9048],{"class":54},[40,97449,658],{"class":58},[40,97451,62],{"class":54},[40,97453,663],{"class":58},[40,97455,62],{"class":54},[40,97457,749],{"class":58},[40,97459,9079],{"class":54},[20,97461,20532,97462,92694,97465,97468,97469,289,97471,97473,97474,97476],{},[15,97463,97464],{},"items = set()",[183,97466,97467],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97470,497],{},[9615,97472],{},"\nBut ",[15,97475,97327],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97478,97479],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97481,97482,97483,289],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[282,97484,95934],{"href":97485},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[129,97487,17184],{"id":17183},[20,97489,97490,13821,97492,97494],{},[15,97491,11090],{},[183,97493,185],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97496,1657,97497,289],{},[15,97498,3565],{},[31,97500,97502],{"className":33,"code":97501,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97503,97504,97524,97528,97542,97546,97556],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97505,97506,97508,97510,97512,97514,97516,97518,97520,97522],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97507,47],{"class":46},[40,97509,51],{"class":50},[40,97511,10260],{"class":54},[40,97513,658],{"class":58},[40,97515,62],{"class":54},[40,97517,663],{"class":58},[40,97519,62],{"class":54},[40,97521,749],{"class":58},[40,97523,9079],{"class":54},[40,97525,97526],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,97527,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,97529,97530,97532,97534,97536,97538,97540],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,97531,2013],{"class":46},[40,97533,51],{"class":50},[40,97535,4045],{"class":46},[40,97537,289],{"class":54},[40,97539,11152],{"class":91},[40,97541,8413],{"class":54},[40,97543,97544],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,97545,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,97547,97548,97550,97552,97554],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,97549,101],{"class":84},[40,97551,88],{"class":54},[40,97553,2048],{"class":91},[40,97555,95],{"class":54},[40,97557,97558,97560,97562,97564],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,97559,101],{"class":84},[40,97561,88],{"class":54},[40,97563,92],{"class":91},[40,97565,95],{"class":54},[20,97567,111],{},[31,97569,97571],{"className":33,"code":97570,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"None\nset()\n",[15,97572,97573,97577],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97574,97575],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97576,11577],{"class":1494},[40,97578,97579,97581],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,97580,6064],{"class":609},[40,97582,8413],{"class":54},[20,97584,97585],{},"Do not do this:",[31,97587,97589],{"className":33,"code":97588,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97590,97591,97611,97625,97629],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97592,97593,97595,97597,97599,97601,97603,97605,97607,97609],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97594,47],{"class":46},[40,97596,51],{"class":50},[40,97598,10260],{"class":54},[40,97600,658],{"class":58},[40,97602,62],{"class":54},[40,97604,663],{"class":58},[40,97606,62],{"class":54},[40,97608,749],{"class":58},[40,97610,9079],{"class":54},[40,97612,97613,97615,97617,97619,97621,97623],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,97614,47],{"class":46},[40,97616,51],{"class":50},[40,97618,4045],{"class":46},[40,97620,289],{"class":54},[40,97622,11152],{"class":91},[40,97624,8413],{"class":54},[40,97626,97627],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,97628,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,97630,97631,97633,97635,97637],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,97632,101],{"class":84},[40,97634,88],{"class":54},[40,97636,92],{"class":91},[40,97638,95],{"class":54},[20,97640,111],{},[31,97642,97643],{"className":33,"code":11577,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,97644,97645],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97646,97647],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97648,11577],{"class":1494},[20,97650,21950,97651,398,97653,97655,97656,97658,97659,289],{},[15,97652,54303],{},[15,97654,3565],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97657,3565],{}," back to ",[15,97660,92],{},[129,97662,790],{"id":789},[20,97664,10517,97665,289],{},[15,97666,97002],{},[792,97668,12364,97670],{"id":97669},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97671,11090],{},[20,97673,807],{},[31,97675,97677],{"className":33,"code":97676,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97678,97679,97699,97713],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97680,97681,97683,97685,97687,97689,97691,97693,97695,97697],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97682,15395],{"class":46},[40,97684,51],{"class":50},[40,97686,10260],{"class":54},[40,97688,658],{"class":58},[40,97690,62],{"class":54},[40,97692,663],{"class":58},[40,97694,62],{"class":54},[40,97696,749],{"class":58},[40,97698,9079],{"class":54},[40,97700,97701,97703,97705,97707,97709,97711],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,97702,15395],{"class":46},[40,97704,51],{"class":50},[40,97706,96526],{"class":46},[40,97708,289],{"class":54},[40,97710,11152],{"class":91},[40,97712,8413],{"class":54},[40,97714,97715,97717,97719,97721],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,97716,101],{"class":84},[40,97718,88],{"class":54},[40,97720,15433],{"class":91},[40,97722,95],{"class":54},[20,97724,111],{},[31,97726,97727],{"className":33,"code":11577,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,97728,97729],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97730,97731],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97732,11577],{"class":1494},[20,97734,850],{},[31,97736,97738],{"className":33,"code":97737,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97739,97740,97760,97770],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97741,97742,97744,97746,97748,97750,97752,97754,97756,97758],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97743,15395],{"class":46},[40,97745,51],{"class":50},[40,97747,10260],{"class":54},[40,97749,658],{"class":58},[40,97751,62],{"class":54},[40,97753,663],{"class":58},[40,97755,62],{"class":54},[40,97757,749],{"class":58},[40,97759,9079],{"class":54},[40,97761,97762,97764,97766,97768],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,97763,15433],{"class":46},[40,97765,289],{"class":54},[40,97767,11152],{"class":91},[40,97769,8413],{"class":54},[40,97771,97772,97774,97776,97778],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,97773,101],{"class":84},[40,97775,88],{"class":54},[40,97777,15433],{"class":91},[40,97779,95],{"class":54},[20,97781,111],{},[31,97783,97784],{"className":33,"code":97060,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,97785,97786],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97787,97788,97790],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97789,6064],{"class":609},[40,97791,8413],{"class":54},[792,97793,8223,97795,97797],{"id":97794},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97796,11090],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97799,97800,97802,97803,97805],{},[15,97801,11090],{}," removes ",[183,97804,3502],{}," items from the set.",[20,97807,97808,97809,2662,97814,289],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[282,97810,97812],{"href":97811},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97813,55272],{},[282,97815,97817],{"href":97816},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97818,12532],{},[792,97820,795,97822,97824],{"id":97821},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97823,3579],{}," for an empty set",[20,97826,25451],{},[31,97828,97830],{"className":33,"code":97829,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97831,97832,97841],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97833,97834,97837,97839],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97835,97836],{"class":46},"empty_value ",[40,97838,51],{"class":50},[40,97840,9607],{"class":54},[40,97842,97843,97845,97847,97849,97851,97854],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,97844,101],{"class":84},[40,97846,88],{"class":54},[40,97848,1297],{"class":609},[40,97850,88],{"class":54},[40,97852,97853],{"class":91},"empty_value",[40,97855,256],{"class":54},[20,97857,111],{},[31,97859,97860],{"className":33,"code":8579,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,97861,97862],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97863,97864,97866,97868,97870,97872,97874],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97865,3076],{"class":50},[40,97867,3079],{"class":1848},[40,97869,3082],{"class":212},[40,97871,8592],{"class":216},[40,97873,3087],{"class":212},[40,97875,3090],{"class":50},[20,97877,97878,8559],{},[15,97879,3579],{},[20,97881,97882],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[31,97884,97886],{"className":33,"code":97885,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97887,97888,97899],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97889,97890,97893,97895,97897],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97891,97892],{"class":46},"empty_set ",[40,97894,51],{"class":50},[40,97896,15400],{"class":609},[40,97898,8413],{"class":54},[40,97900,97901,97903,97905,97907,97909,97912],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,97902,101],{"class":84},[40,97904,88],{"class":54},[40,97906,1297],{"class":609},[40,97908,88],{"class":54},[40,97910,97911],{"class":91},"empty_set",[40,97913,256],{"class":54},[20,97915,111],{},[31,97917,97918],{"className":33,"code":8623,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,97919,97920],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97921,97922,97924,97926,97928,97930,97932],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97923,3076],{"class":50},[40,97925,3079],{"class":1848},[40,97927,3082],{"class":212},[40,97929,6064],{"class":216},[40,97931,3087],{"class":212},[40,97933,3090],{"class":50},[792,97935,97937],{"id":97936},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[31,97939,97941],{"className":33,"code":97940,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,97942,97943,97967,97975,97979,97989,97993,98003],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,97944,97945,97947,97949,97951,97953,97955,97957,97959,97961,97963,97965],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,97946,1384],{"class":46},[40,97948,51],{"class":50},[40,97950,10260],{"class":54},[40,97952,213],{"class":212},[40,97954,1957],{"class":216},[40,97956,213],{"class":212},[40,97958,62],{"class":54},[40,97960,224],{"class":212},[40,97962,11514],{"class":216},[40,97964,213],{"class":212},[40,97966,9079],{"class":54},[40,97968,97969,97971,97973],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,97970,1405],{"class":46},[40,97972,51],{"class":50},[40,97974,35931],{"class":46},[40,97976,97977],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,97978,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,97980,97981,97983,97985,97987],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,97982,282],{"class":46},[40,97984,289],{"class":54},[40,97986,11152],{"class":91},[40,97988,8413],{"class":54},[40,97990,97991],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,97992,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,97994,97995,97997,97999,98001],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,97996,101],{"class":84},[40,97998,88],{"class":54},[40,98000,282],{"class":91},[40,98002,95],{"class":54},[40,98004,98005,98007,98009,98011],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,98006,101],{"class":84},[40,98008,88],{"class":54},[40,98010,1017],{"class":91},[40,98012,95],{"class":54},[20,98014,111],{},[31,98016,98017],{"className":33,"code":97334,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,98018,98019,98025],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98020,98021,98023],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98022,6064],{"class":609},[40,98024,8413],{"class":54},[40,98026,98027,98029],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,98028,6064],{"class":609},[40,98030,8413],{"class":54},[20,98032,28821,98033,4176,98035,98037],{},[15,98034,282],{},[15,98036,1017],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[129,98039,1636],{"id":1635},[792,98041,1650,98043,4923],{"id":98042},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98044,97002],{},[20,98046,1657,98047,98049],{},[15,98048,3565],{},". It empties the set in place.",[792,98051,12474,98053,98055],{"id":98052},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98054,11090],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98057,98058],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[792,98060,98062],{"id":98061},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98064,98065,98066,98068,98069,289],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98067,11090],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98070,3584],{},[792,98072,4957,98074,4176,98076,2275],{"id":98073},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98075,11090],{},[15,98077,3584],{},[20,98079,98080,98082,98083,98085],{},[15,98081,11090],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98084,3584],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[129,98087,1687],{"id":1686},[134,98089,98090,98094,98098,98105,98111,98117],{},[137,98091,98092],{},[282,98093,95930],{"href":97101},[137,98095,98096],{},[282,98097,96940],{"href":97485},[137,98099,98100],{},[282,98101,96416,98103,10510],{"href":98102},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98104,95805],{},[137,98106,98107],{},[282,98108,96416,98109,10510],{"href":97811},[15,98110,55272],{},[137,98112,98113],{},[282,98114,96416,98115,10510],{"href":97816},[15,98116,12532],{},[137,98118,98119],{},[282,98120,96416,98122,10510],{"href":98121},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98123,14722],{},[1715,98125,98126],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":98128},[98129,98131,98132,98133,98140,98141,98150,98159],{"id":97076,"depth":76,"text":98130},"What set.clear() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":97240,"depth":76,"text":98134,"children":98135},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98136,98138],{"id":97253,"depth":98,"text":98137},"Using clear()",{"id":97357,"depth":98,"text":98139},"Using set()",{"id":17183,"depth":76,"text":17184},{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":98142},[98143,98145,98147,98149],{"id":97669,"depth":98,"text":98144},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97794,"depth":98,"text":98146},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97821,"depth":98,"text":98148},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97936,"depth":98,"text":97937},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":98151},[98152,98154,98156,98157],{"id":98042,"depth":98,"text":98153},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98052,"depth":98,"text":98155},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98061,"depth":98,"text":98062},{"id":98073,"depth":98,"text":98158},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":96990,"description":98160},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98167,"title":98168,"body":98169,"description":100001,"extension":1746,"meta":100002,"navigation":360,"path":95933,"seo":100003,"stem":100004,"__hash__":100005},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98170,"toc":99958},[98171,98174,98177,98180,98182,98285,98289,98336,98342,98344,98363,98367,98370,98372,98386,98395,98399,98402,98437,98441,98461,98464,98468,98471,98532,98536,98561,98568,98574,98579,98581,98593,98597,98646,98650,98674,98681,98685,98726,98730,98751,98755,98788,98792,98833,98836,98840,98845,98884,98888,98913,98918,98924,98961,98965,98988,98992,98994,98997,99000,99077,99081,99118,99121,99125,99131,99134,99144,99193,99199,99205,99232,99235,99257,99259,99290,99293,99297,99301,99340,99344,99407,99410,99443,99447,99472,99474,99477,99483,99486,99513,99516,99534,99538,99542,99545,99588,99591,99595,99598,99601,99631,99634,99638,99641,99656,99661,99665,99668,99757,99759,99762,99852,99855,99873,99875,99879,99889,99893,99901,99905,99908,99912,99915,99919,99922,99924,99952,99955],[10,98172,98168],{"id":98173},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98175,98176],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98178,98179],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[129,98181,3396],{"id":3395},[31,98183,98185],{"className":33,"code":98184,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98186,98187,98207,98241,98251,98255,98265,98275],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98188,98189,98191,98193,98195,98197,98199,98201,98203,98205],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98190,47],{"class":46},[40,98192,51],{"class":50},[40,98194,10260],{"class":54},[40,98196,658],{"class":58},[40,98198,62],{"class":54},[40,98200,663],{"class":58},[40,98202,62],{"class":54},[40,98204,749],{"class":58},[40,98206,9079],{"class":54},[40,98208,98209,98211,98213,98215,98217,98219,98221,98223,98225,98227,98229,98231,98233,98235,98237,98239],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,98210,205],{"class":46},[40,98212,51],{"class":50},[40,98214,15400],{"class":609},[40,98216,2771],{"class":54},[40,98218,213],{"class":212},[40,98220,3862],{"class":216},[40,98222,213],{"class":212},[40,98224,62],{"class":54},[40,98226,224],{"class":212},[40,98228,3871],{"class":216},[40,98230,213],{"class":212},[40,98232,62],{"class":54},[40,98234,224],{"class":212},[40,98236,3862],{"class":216},[40,98238,213],{"class":212},[40,98240,570],{"class":54},[40,98242,98243,98245,98247,98249],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,98244,97892],{"class":46},[40,98246,51],{"class":50},[40,98248,15400],{"class":609},[40,98250,8413],{"class":54},[40,98252,98253],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,98254,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,98256,98257,98259,98261,98263],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,98258,101],{"class":84},[40,98260,88],{"class":54},[40,98262,92],{"class":91},[40,98264,95],{"class":54},[40,98266,98267,98269,98271,98273],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,98268,101],{"class":84},[40,98270,88],{"class":54},[40,98272,253],{"class":91},[40,98274,95],{"class":54},[40,98276,98277,98279,98281,98283],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,98278,101],{"class":84},[40,98280,88],{"class":54},[40,98282,97911],{"class":91},[40,98284,95],{"class":54},[20,98286,98287],{},[183,98288,111],{},[31,98290,98292],{"className":33,"code":98291,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98293,98294,98310,98330],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98295,98296,98298,98300,98302,98304,98306,98308],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98297,9048],{"class":54},[40,98299,658],{"class":58},[40,98301,62],{"class":54},[40,98303,663],{"class":58},[40,98305,62],{"class":54},[40,98307,749],{"class":58},[40,98309,9079],{"class":54},[40,98311,98312,98314,98316,98318,98320,98322,98324,98326,98328],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,98313,9048],{"class":54},[40,98315,3087],{"class":212},[40,98317,3871],{"class":216},[40,98319,3087],{"class":212},[40,98321,62],{"class":54},[40,98323,3082],{"class":212},[40,98325,3862],{"class":216},[40,98327,3087],{"class":212},[40,98329,9079],{"class":54},[40,98331,98332,98334],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,98333,6064],{"class":609},[40,98335,8413],{"class":54},[20,98337,98338,98339,98341],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98340,3584],{}," for an empty set.",[129,98343,132],{"id":131},[134,98345,98346,98349,98354,98357,98360],{},[137,98347,98348],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[137,98350,98351,98352],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98353,3584],{},[137,98355,98356],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[137,98358,98359],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[137,98361,98362],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[129,98364,98366],{"id":98365},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98368,98369],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98371,30300],{},[134,98373,98374,98377,98380,98383],{},[137,98375,98376],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[137,98378,98379],{},"Sets are unordered",[137,98381,98382],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[137,98384,98385],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98387,98388,98389,2662,98391,289],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[282,98390,95930],{"href":97101},[282,98392,98394],{"href":98393},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[129,98396,98398],{"id":98397},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98400,98401],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[31,98403,98405],{"className":33,"code":98404,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98406,98407,98427],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98408,98409,98411,98413,98415,98417,98419,98421,98423,98425],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98410,47],{"class":46},[40,98412,51],{"class":50},[40,98414,10260],{"class":54},[40,98416,658],{"class":58},[40,98418,62],{"class":54},[40,98420,663],{"class":58},[40,98422,62],{"class":54},[40,98424,749],{"class":58},[40,98426,9079],{"class":54},[40,98428,98429,98431,98433,98435],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,98430,101],{"class":84},[40,98432,88],{"class":54},[40,98434,92],{"class":91},[40,98436,95],{"class":54},[20,98438,98439],{},[183,98440,29790],{},[31,98442,98443],{"className":33,"code":96209,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,98444,98445],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98446,98447,98449,98451,98453,98455,98457,98459],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98448,9048],{"class":54},[40,98450,658],{"class":58},[40,98452,62],{"class":54},[40,98454,663],{"class":58},[40,98456,62],{"class":54},[40,98458,749],{"class":58},[40,98460,9079],{"class":54},[20,98462,98463],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[792,98465,98467],{"id":98466},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98469,98470],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[31,98472,98474],{"className":33,"code":98473,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98475,98476,98508,98518],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98477,98478,98480,98482,98484,98486,98488,98490,98492,98494,98496,98498,98500,98502,98504,98506],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98479,47],{"class":46},[40,98481,51],{"class":50},[40,98483,10260],{"class":54},[40,98485,658],{"class":58},[40,98487,62],{"class":54},[40,98489,663],{"class":58},[40,98491,62],{"class":54},[40,98493,663],{"class":58},[40,98495,62],{"class":54},[40,98497,749],{"class":58},[40,98499,62],{"class":54},[40,98501,749],{"class":58},[40,98503,62],{"class":54},[40,98505,749],{"class":58},[40,98507,9079],{"class":54},[40,98509,98510,98512,98514,98516],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,98511,101],{"class":84},[40,98513,88],{"class":54},[40,98515,92],{"class":91},[40,98517,95],{"class":54},[40,98519,98520,98522,98524,98526,98528,98530],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,98521,101],{"class":84},[40,98523,88],{"class":54},[40,98525,17],{"class":84},[40,98527,88],{"class":54},[40,98529,92],{"class":91},[40,98531,256],{"class":54},[20,98533,98534],{},[183,98535,29790],{},[31,98537,98539],{"className":33,"code":98538,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98540,98541,98557],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98542,98543,98545,98547,98549,98551,98553,98555],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98544,9048],{"class":54},[40,98546,658],{"class":58},[40,98548,62],{"class":54},[40,98550,663],{"class":58},[40,98552,62],{"class":54},[40,98554,749],{"class":58},[40,98556,9079],{"class":54},[40,98558,98559],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,98560,114],{"class":58},[20,98562,269,98563,4176,98565,98567],{},[15,98564,744],{},[15,98566,401],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[129,98569,98571,98572],{"id":98570},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98573,3584],{},[20,98575,123,98576,98578],{},[15,98577,3584],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98580,5236],{},[134,98582,98583,98585,98587,98589],{},[137,98584,96689],{},[137,98586,95985],{},[137,98588,56207],{},[137,98590,98591],{},[15,98592,35954],{},[792,98594,98596],{"id":98595},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[31,98598,98600],{"className":33,"code":98599,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98601,98602,98636],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98603,98604,98606,98608,98610,98612,98614,98616,98618,98620,98622,98624,98626,98628,98630,98632,98634],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98605,47],{"class":46},[40,98607,51],{"class":50},[40,98609,15400],{"class":609},[40,98611,2771],{"class":54},[40,98613,658],{"class":58},[40,98615,62],{"class":54},[40,98617,663],{"class":58},[40,98619,62],{"class":54},[40,98621,663],{"class":58},[40,98623,62],{"class":54},[40,98625,749],{"class":58},[40,98627,62],{"class":54},[40,98629,749],{"class":58},[40,98631,62],{"class":54},[40,98633,675],{"class":58},[40,98635,570],{"class":54},[40,98637,98638,98640,98642,98644],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,98639,101],{"class":84},[40,98641,88],{"class":54},[40,98643,92],{"class":91},[40,98645,95],{"class":54},[20,98647,98648],{},[183,98649,29790],{},[31,98651,98652],{"className":33,"code":95872,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,98653,98654],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98655,98656,98658,98660,98662,98664,98666,98668,98670,98672],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98657,9048],{"class":54},[40,98659,658],{"class":58},[40,98661,62],{"class":54},[40,98663,663],{"class":58},[40,98665,62],{"class":54},[40,98667,749],{"class":58},[40,98669,62],{"class":54},[40,98671,675],{"class":58},[40,98673,9079],{"class":54},[20,98675,98676,98677,289],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[282,98678,98680],{"href":98679},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[792,98682,98684],{"id":98683},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[31,98686,98688],{"className":33,"code":98687,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98689,98690,98716],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98691,98692,98694,98696,98698,98700,98702,98704,98706,98708,98710,98712,98714],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98693,3610],{"class":46},[40,98695,51],{"class":50},[40,98697,15400],{"class":609},[40,98699,5289],{"class":54},[40,98701,59],{"class":58},[40,98703,62],{"class":54},[40,98705,65],{"class":58},[40,98707,62],{"class":54},[40,98709,65],{"class":58},[40,98711,62],{"class":54},[40,98713,70],{"class":58},[40,98715,256],{"class":54},[40,98717,98718,98720,98722,98724],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,98719,101],{"class":84},[40,98721,88],{"class":54},[40,98723,5137],{"class":91},[40,98725,95],{"class":54},[20,98727,98728],{},[183,98729,29790],{},[31,98731,98733],{"className":33,"code":98732,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98734,98735],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98736,98737,98739,98741,98743,98745,98747,98749],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98738,9048],{"class":54},[40,98740,59],{"class":58},[40,98742,62],{"class":54},[40,98744,65],{"class":58},[40,98746,62],{"class":54},[40,98748,70],{"class":58},[40,98750,9079],{"class":54},[792,98752,98754],{"id":98753},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[31,98756,98758],{"className":33,"code":98757,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98759,98760,98778],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98761,98762,98764,98766,98768,98770,98772,98774,98776],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98763,1000],{"class":46},[40,98765,51],{"class":50},[40,98767,15400],{"class":609},[40,98769,88],{"class":54},[40,98771,213],{"class":212},[40,98773,3632],{"class":216},[40,98775,213],{"class":212},[40,98777,95],{"class":54},[40,98779,98780,98782,98784,98786],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,98781,101],{"class":84},[40,98783,88],{"class":54},[40,98785,1043],{"class":91},[40,98787,95],{"class":54},[20,98789,98790],{},[183,98791,29790],{},[31,98793,98795],{"className":33,"code":98794,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98796,98797],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98798,98799,98801,98803,98805,98807,98809,98811,98813,98815,98817,98819,98821,98823,98825,98827,98829,98831],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98800,9048],{"class":54},[40,98802,3087],{"class":212},[40,98804,60178],{"class":216},[40,98806,3087],{"class":212},[40,98808,62],{"class":54},[40,98810,3082],{"class":212},[40,98812,60187],{"class":216},[40,98814,3087],{"class":212},[40,98816,62],{"class":54},[40,98818,3082],{"class":212},[40,98820,60196],{"class":216},[40,98822,3087],{"class":212},[40,98824,62],{"class":54},[40,98826,3082],{"class":212},[40,98828,60213],{"class":216},[40,98830,3087],{"class":212},[40,98832,9079],{"class":54},[20,98834,98835],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[129,98837,98839],{"id":98838},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98841,98842,98843,289],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98844,3584],{},[31,98846,98848],{"className":33,"code":98847,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98849,98850,98860,98870],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98851,98852,98854,98856,98858],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98853,97892],{"class":46},[40,98855,51],{"class":50},[40,98857,15400],{"class":609},[40,98859,8413],{"class":54},[40,98861,98862,98864,98866,98868],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,98863,101],{"class":84},[40,98865,88],{"class":54},[40,98867,97911],{"class":91},[40,98869,95],{"class":54},[40,98871,98872,98874,98876,98878,98880,98882],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,98873,101],{"class":84},[40,98875,88],{"class":54},[40,98877,1297],{"class":609},[40,98879,88],{"class":54},[40,98881,97911],{"class":91},[40,98883,256],{"class":54},[20,98885,98886],{},[183,98887,111],{},[31,98889,98891],{"className":33,"code":98890,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98892,98893,98899],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98894,98895,98897],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98896,6064],{"class":609},[40,98898,8413],{"class":54},[40,98900,98901,98903,98905,98907,98909,98911],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,98902,3076],{"class":50},[40,98904,3079],{"class":1848},[40,98906,3082],{"class":212},[40,98908,6064],{"class":216},[40,98910,3087],{"class":212},[40,98912,3090],{"class":50},[792,98914,44181,98916],{"id":98915},"do-not-use",[15,98917,3579],{},[20,98919,98920,98921,98923],{},"Empty braces do ",[183,98922,185],{}," create a set.",[31,98925,98927],{"className":33,"code":98926,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98928,98929,98937,98947],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98930,98931,98933,98935],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98932,97836],{"class":46},[40,98934,51],{"class":50},[40,98936,9607],{"class":54},[40,98938,98939,98941,98943,98945],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,98940,101],{"class":84},[40,98942,88],{"class":54},[40,98944,97853],{"class":91},[40,98946,95],{"class":54},[40,98948,98949,98951,98953,98955,98957,98959],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,98950,101],{"class":84},[40,98952,88],{"class":54},[40,98954,1297],{"class":609},[40,98956,88],{"class":54},[40,98958,97853],{"class":91},[40,98960,256],{"class":54},[20,98962,98963],{},[183,98964,111],{},[31,98966,98968],{"className":33,"code":98967,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,98969,98970,98974],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,98971,98972],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,98973,9204],{"class":54},[40,98975,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984,98986],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,98977,3076],{"class":50},[40,98979,3079],{"class":1848},[40,98981,3082],{"class":212},[40,98983,8592],{"class":216},[40,98985,3087],{"class":212},[40,98987,3090],{"class":50},[20,98989,98990,8559],{},[15,98991,3579],{},[129,98993,71868],{"id":71867},[20,98995,98996],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,98998,98999],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[31,99001,99003],{"className":33,"code":99002,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99004,99005,99053,99063],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99006,99007,99009,99011,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027,99029,99031,99033,99035,99037,99039,99041,99043,99045,99047,99049,99051],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99008,205],{"class":46},[40,99010,51],{"class":50},[40,99012,10260],{"class":54},[40,99014,213],{"class":212},[40,99016,3862],{"class":216},[40,99018,213],{"class":212},[40,99020,62],{"class":54},[40,99022,224],{"class":212},[40,99024,3871],{"class":216},[40,99026,213],{"class":212},[40,99028,62],{"class":54},[40,99030,224],{"class":212},[40,99032,3862],{"class":216},[40,99034,213],{"class":212},[40,99036,62],{"class":54},[40,99038,224],{"class":212},[40,99040,3862],{"class":216},[40,99042,213],{"class":212},[40,99044,62],{"class":54},[40,99046,224],{"class":212},[40,99048,32982],{"class":216},[40,99050,213],{"class":212},[40,99052,9079],{"class":54},[40,99054,99055,99057,99059,99061],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,99056,101],{"class":84},[40,99058,88],{"class":54},[40,99060,253],{"class":91},[40,99062,95],{"class":54},[40,99064,99065,99067,99069,99071,99073,99075],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,99066,101],{"class":84},[40,99068,88],{"class":54},[40,99070,17],{"class":84},[40,99072,88],{"class":54},[40,99074,253],{"class":91},[40,99076,256],{"class":54},[20,99078,99079],{},[183,99080,29790],{},[31,99082,99084],{"className":33,"code":99083,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99085,99086,99114],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99087,99088,99090,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110,99112],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99089,9048],{"class":54},[40,99091,3087],{"class":212},[40,99093,3871],{"class":216},[40,99095,3087],{"class":212},[40,99097,62],{"class":54},[40,99099,3082],{"class":212},[40,99101,32982],{"class":216},[40,99103,3087],{"class":212},[40,99105,62],{"class":54},[40,99107,3082],{"class":212},[40,99109,3862],{"class":216},[40,99111,3087],{"class":212},[40,99113,9079],{"class":54},[40,99115,99116],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,99117,114],{"class":58},[20,99119,99120],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[129,99122,99124],{"id":99123},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99126,99127,99128,99130],{},"Set items must be ",[183,99129,95973],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99132,99133],{},"These usually work:",[134,99135,99136,99138,99140,99142],{},[137,99137,56204],{},[137,99139,56207],{},[137,99141,95985],{},[137,99143,40350],{},[31,99145,99147],{"className":33,"code":99146,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99148,99149,99183],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99150,99151,99153,99155,99157,99159,99161,99163,99165,99167,99169,99171,99173,99175,99177,99179,99181],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99152,3610],{"class":46},[40,99154,51],{"class":50},[40,99156,10260],{"class":54},[40,99158,658],{"class":58},[40,99160,62],{"class":54},[40,99162,224],{"class":212},[40,99164,3862],{"class":216},[40,99166,213],{"class":212},[40,99168,62],{"class":54},[40,99170,9006],{"class":54},[40,99172,59],{"class":58},[40,99174,62],{"class":54},[40,99176,65],{"class":58},[40,99178,9003],{"class":54},[40,99180,3700],{"class":1494},[40,99182,9079],{"class":54},[40,99184,99185,99187,99189,99191],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,99186,101],{"class":84},[40,99188,88],{"class":54},[40,99190,5137],{"class":91},[40,99192,95],{"class":54},[20,99194,99195,99196,99198],{},"These do ",[183,99197,185],{}," work directly:",[134,99200,99201,99203],{},[137,99202,96689],{},[137,99204,96692],{},[31,99206,99208],{"className":33,"code":99207,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99209,99210],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99211,99212,99215,99217,99220,99222,99224,99226,99228,99230],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99213,99214],{"class":46},"bad_set ",[40,99216,51],{"class":50},[40,99218,99219],{"class":54}," {[",[40,99221,658],{"class":58},[40,99223,62],{"class":54},[40,99225,663],{"class":58},[40,99227,62],{"class":54},[40,99229,749],{"class":58},[40,99231,13473],{"class":54},[20,99233,99234],{},"This raises an error:",[31,99236,99237],{"className":33,"code":96748,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,99238,99239],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99240,99241,99243,99245,99247,99249,99251,99253,99255],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99242,2790],{"class":609},[40,99244,2669],{"class":54},[40,99246,96759],{"class":46},[40,99248,1297],{"class":609},[40,99250,2669],{"class":54},[40,99252,3082],{"class":212},[40,99254,610],{"class":216},[40,99256,29460],{"class":212},[20,99258,721],{},[31,99260,99262],{"className":33,"code":99261,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99263,99264],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99265,99266,99268,99270,99273,99275,99277,99279,99281,99283,99285,99287],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99267,99214],{"class":46},[40,99269,51],{"class":50},[40,99271,99272],{"class":54}," {{",[40,99274,213],{"class":212},[40,99276,7446],{"class":216},[40,99278,213],{"class":212},[40,99280,2669],{"class":54},[40,99282,224],{"class":212},[40,99284,7455],{"class":216},[40,99286,213],{"class":212},[40,99288,99289],{"class":54},"}}\n",[20,99291,99292],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[129,99294,99296],{"id":99295},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[792,99298,99300],{"id":99299},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[31,99302,99304],{"className":33,"code":99303,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99305,99306,99330],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99307,99308,99310,99312,99314,99316,99318,99320,99322,99324,99326,99328],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99309,47],{"class":46},[40,99311,51],{"class":50},[40,99313,10260],{"class":54},[40,99315,658],{"class":58},[40,99317,62],{"class":54},[40,99319,663],{"class":58},[40,99321,62],{"class":54},[40,99323,749],{"class":58},[40,99325,62],{"class":54},[40,99327,675],{"class":58},[40,99329,9079],{"class":54},[40,99331,99332,99334,99336,99338],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,99333,101],{"class":84},[40,99335,88],{"class":54},[40,99337,92],{"class":91},[40,99339,95],{"class":54},[792,99341,99343],{"id":99342},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[31,99345,99347],{"className":33,"code":99346,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99348,99349,99377,99392,99396],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99350,99351,99353,99355,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371,99373,99375],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99352,479],{"class":46},[40,99354,51],{"class":50},[40,99356,55],{"class":54},[40,99358,658],{"class":58},[40,99360,62],{"class":54},[40,99362,1226],{"class":58},[40,99364,62],{"class":54},[40,99366,663],{"class":58},[40,99368,62],{"class":54},[40,99370,749],{"class":58},[40,99372,62],{"class":54},[40,99374,749],{"class":58},[40,99376,73],{"class":54},[40,99378,99379,99382,99384,99386,99388,99390],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,99380,99381],{"class":46},"unique_items ",[40,99383,51],{"class":50},[40,99385,15400],{"class":609},[40,99387,88],{"class":54},[40,99389,497],{"class":91},[40,99391,95],{"class":54},[40,99393,99394],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,99395,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,99397,99398,99400,99402,99405],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,99399,101],{"class":84},[40,99401,88],{"class":54},[40,99403,99404],{"class":91},"unique_items",[40,99406,95],{"class":54},[792,99408,98754],{"id":99409},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[31,99411,99413],{"className":33,"code":99412,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99414,99415,99433],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99416,99417,99419,99421,99423,99425,99427,99429,99431],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99418,1000],{"class":46},[40,99420,51],{"class":50},[40,99422,15400],{"class":609},[40,99424,88],{"class":54},[40,99426,213],{"class":212},[40,99428,3871],{"class":216},[40,99430,213],{"class":212},[40,99432,95],{"class":54},[40,99434,99435,99437,99439,99441],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,99436,101],{"class":84},[40,99438,88],{"class":54},[40,99440,1043],{"class":91},[40,99442,95],{"class":54},[792,99444,99446],{"id":99445},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[31,99448,99450],{"className":33,"code":99449,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99451,99452,99462],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99453,99454,99456,99458,99460],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99455,97892],{"class":46},[40,99457,51],{"class":50},[40,99459,15400],{"class":609},[40,99461,8413],{"class":54},[40,99463,99464,99466,99468,99470],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,99465,101],{"class":84},[40,99467,88],{"class":54},[40,99469,97911],{"class":91},[40,99471,95],{"class":54},[129,99473,2613],{"id":2612},[20,99475,99476],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[792,99478,795,99480,99482],{"id":99479},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99481,3579],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99484,99485],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[31,99487,99489],{"className":33,"code":99488,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99490,99491,99499],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99492,99493,99495,99497],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99494,2230],{"class":46},[40,99496,51],{"class":50},[40,99498,9607],{"class":54},[40,99500,99501,99503,99505,99507,99509,99511],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,99502,101],{"class":84},[40,99504,88],{"class":54},[40,99506,1297],{"class":609},[40,99508,88],{"class":54},[40,99510,2255],{"class":91},[40,99512,256],{"class":54},[20,99514,99515],{},"This prints:",[31,99517,99518],{"className":33,"code":8579,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,99519,99520],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99521,99522,99524,99526,99528,99530,99532],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99523,3076],{"class":50},[40,99525,3079],{"class":1848},[40,99527,3082],{"class":212},[40,99529,8592],{"class":216},[40,99531,3087],{"class":212},[40,99533,3090],{"class":50},[20,99535,123,99536,6409],{},[15,99537,3584],{},[792,99539,99541],{"id":99540},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99543,99544],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[31,99546,99548],{"className":33,"code":99547,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99549,99550,99578],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99551,99552,99554,99556,99558,99560,99562,99564,99566,99568,99570,99572,99574,99576],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99553,47],{"class":46},[40,99555,51],{"class":50},[40,99557,10260],{"class":54},[40,99559,658],{"class":58},[40,99561,62],{"class":54},[40,99563,1226],{"class":58},[40,99565,62],{"class":54},[40,99567,663],{"class":58},[40,99569,62],{"class":54},[40,99571,663],{"class":58},[40,99573,62],{"class":54},[40,99575,749],{"class":58},[40,99577,9079],{"class":54},[40,99579,99580,99582,99584,99586],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,99581,101],{"class":84},[40,99583,88],{"class":54},[40,99585,92],{"class":91},[40,99587,95],{"class":54},[20,99589,99590],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[792,99592,99594],{"id":99593},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99596,99597],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99599,99600],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[31,99602,99604],{"className":33,"code":99603,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99605,99606,99626],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99607,99608,99610,99612,99614,99616,99618,99620,99622,99624],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99609,47],{"class":46},[40,99611,51],{"class":50},[40,99613,10260],{"class":54},[40,99615,59],{"class":58},[40,99617,62],{"class":54},[40,99619,65],{"class":58},[40,99621,62],{"class":54},[40,99623,70],{"class":58},[40,99625,9079],{"class":54},[40,99627,99628],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,99629,99630],{"class":3449},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99632,99633],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[792,99635,99637],{"id":99636},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99639,99640],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[31,99642,99644],{"className":33,"code":99643,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99645,99646,99651],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99647,99648],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99649,99650],{"class":3449},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[40,99652,99653],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,99654,99655],{"class":3449},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99657,99658,99659,289],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99660,2790],{},[792,99662,99664],{"id":99663},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99666,99667],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[31,99669,99671],{"className":33,"code":99670,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99672,99673,99693,99725,99729,99743],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99674,99675,99677,99679,99681,99683,99685,99687,99689,99691],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99676,15395],{"class":46},[40,99678,51],{"class":50},[40,99680,10260],{"class":54},[40,99682,658],{"class":58},[40,99684,62],{"class":54},[40,99686,663],{"class":58},[40,99688,62],{"class":54},[40,99690,749],{"class":58},[40,99692,9079],{"class":54},[40,99694,99695,99697,99699,99701,99703,99705,99707,99709,99711,99713,99715,99717,99719,99721,99723],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,99696,11493],{"class":46},[40,99698,51],{"class":50},[40,99700,10260],{"class":54},[40,99702,213],{"class":212},[40,99704,282],{"class":216},[40,99706,213],{"class":212},[40,99708,2669],{"class":54},[40,99710,1226],{"class":58},[40,99712,62],{"class":54},[40,99714,224],{"class":212},[40,99716,1017],{"class":216},[40,99718,213],{"class":212},[40,99720,2669],{"class":54},[40,99722,663],{"class":58},[40,99724,9079],{"class":54},[40,99726,99727],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,99728,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,99730,99731,99733,99735,99737,99739,99741],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,99732,101],{"class":84},[40,99734,88],{"class":54},[40,99736,1297],{"class":609},[40,99738,88],{"class":54},[40,99740,15433],{"class":91},[40,99742,256],{"class":54},[40,99744,99745,99747,99749,99751,99753,99755],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,99746,101],{"class":84},[40,99748,88],{"class":54},[40,99750,1297],{"class":609},[40,99752,88],{"class":54},[40,99754,11219],{"class":91},[40,99756,256],{"class":54},[129,99758,92385],{"id":92384},[20,99760,99761],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[31,99763,99765],{"className":33,"code":99764,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99766,99767,99793,99797,99811,99821,99835,99842],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,99768,99769,99771,99773,99775,99777,99779,99781,99783,99785,99787,99789,99791],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,99770,15395],{"class":46},[40,99772,51],{"class":50},[40,99774,15400],{"class":609},[40,99776,2771],{"class":54},[40,99778,658],{"class":58},[40,99780,62],{"class":54},[40,99782,663],{"class":58},[40,99784,62],{"class":54},[40,99786,663],{"class":58},[40,99788,62],{"class":54},[40,99790,749],{"class":58},[40,99792,570],{"class":54},[40,99794,99795],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,99796,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,99798,99799,99801,99803,99805,99807,99809],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,99800,101],{"class":84},[40,99802,88],{"class":54},[40,99804,1297],{"class":609},[40,99806,88],{"class":54},[40,99808,15433],{"class":91},[40,99810,256],{"class":54},[40,99812,99813,99815,99817,99819],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,99814,101],{"class":84},[40,99816,88],{"class":54},[40,99818,15433],{"class":91},[40,99820,95],{"class":54},[40,99822,99823,99825,99827,99829,99831,99833],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,99824,101],{"class":84},[40,99826,88],{"class":54},[40,99828,17],{"class":84},[40,99830,88],{"class":54},[40,99832,15433],{"class":91},[40,99834,256],{"class":54},[40,99836,99837,99839],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,99838,101],{"class":84},[40,99840,99841],{"class":54},"({})\n",[40,99843,99844,99846,99848,99850],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,99845,101],{"class":84},[40,99847,88],{"class":54},[40,99849,6064],{"class":609},[40,99851,847],{"class":54},[20,99853,99854],{},"Use these to confirm:",[134,99856,99857,99860,99863,99866],{},[137,99858,99859],{},"The object type",[137,99861,99862],{},"The actual values stored",[137,99864,99865],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[137,99867,99868,99869,4176,99871],{},"The difference between ",[15,99870,3579],{},[15,99872,3584],{},[129,99874,1636],{"id":1635},[792,99876,99878],{"id":99877},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99880,99881,99882,99885,99886,99888],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99883,99884],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99887,3584],{}," with another iterable.",[792,99890,99892],{"id":99891},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99894,123,99895,99897,99898,99900],{},[15,99896,3584],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99899,3579],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[792,99902,99904],{"id":99903},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99906,99907],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[792,99909,99911],{"id":99910},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99913,99914],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[792,99916,99918],{"id":99917},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99920,99921],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[129,99923,1687],{"id":1686},[134,99925,99926,99930,99936,99942,99947],{},[137,99927,99928],{},[282,99929,95930],{"href":97101},[137,99931,99932],{},[282,99933,285,99934,10510],{"href":98102},[15,99935,95810],{},[137,99937,99938],{},[282,99939,285,99940,10510],{"href":98121},[15,99941,96916],{},[137,99943,99944],{},[282,99945,99946],{"href":98679},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[137,99948,99949],{},[282,99950,99951],{"href":98393},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99953,99954],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1715,99956,99957],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":99959},[99960,99961,99962,99963,99966,99972,99976,99977,99978,99984,99992,99993,100000],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":131,"depth":76,"text":132},{"id":98365,"depth":76,"text":98366},{"id":98397,"depth":76,"text":98398,"children":99964},[99965],{"id":98466,"depth":98,"text":98467},{"id":98570,"depth":76,"text":99967,"children":99968},"Create a set with set()",[99969,99970,99971],{"id":98595,"depth":98,"text":98596},{"id":98683,"depth":98,"text":98684},{"id":98753,"depth":98,"text":98754},{"id":98838,"depth":76,"text":98839,"children":99973},[99974],{"id":98915,"depth":98,"text":99975},"Do not use {}",{"id":71867,"depth":76,"text":71868},{"id":99123,"depth":76,"text":99124},{"id":99295,"depth":76,"text":99296,"children":99979},[99980,99981,99982,99983],{"id":99299,"depth":98,"text":99300},{"id":99342,"depth":98,"text":99343},{"id":99409,"depth":98,"text":98754},{"id":99445,"depth":98,"text":99446},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":99985},[99986,99988,99989,99990,99991],{"id":99479,"depth":98,"text":99987},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99540,"depth":98,"text":99541},{"id":99593,"depth":98,"text":99594},{"id":99636,"depth":98,"text":99637},{"id":99663,"depth":98,"text":99664},{"id":92384,"depth":76,"text":92385},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":99994},[99995,99996,99997,99998,99999],{"id":99877,"depth":98,"text":99878},{"id":99891,"depth":98,"text":99892},{"id":99903,"depth":98,"text":99904},{"id":99910,"depth":98,"text":99911},{"id":99917,"depth":98,"text":99918},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98168,"description":100001},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100007,"title":100008,"body":100009,"description":102440,"extension":1746,"meta":102441,"navigation":360,"path":102442,"seo":102443,"stem":102444,"__hash__":102445},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100010,"toc":102405},[100011,100017,100023,100026,100028,100105,100107,100124,100134,100136,100141,100149,100151,100167,100171,100173,100175,100178,100199,100202,100226,100232,100234,100331,100333,100350,100360,100362,100364,100372,100374,100385,100387,100478,100480,100504,100515,100517,100519,100522,100652,100654,100727,100729,100750,100753,100755,100761,100766,100769,100896,100898,100915,100918,100920,100928,100931,100935,100943,101034,101036,101073,101078,101085,101162,101164,101180,101185,101190,101192,101201,101209,101290,101292,101321,101324,101328,101339,101342,101425,101427,101448,101454,101456,101458,101462,101466,101473,101538,101540,101560,101563,101632,101634,101650,101654,101660,101672,101680,101682,101767,101769,101798,101801,101805,101810,101812,101862,101865,101946,101948,101964,101968,101971,102046,102049,102053,102056,102133,102135,102168,102174,102178,102181,102316,102318,102332,102334,102336,102342,102345,102352,102360,102366,102369,102373,102376,102378,102380,102402],[10,100012,95802,100014,11091],{"id":100013},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100015,100016],{},"difference()",[20,100018,100019,100022],{},[15,100020,100021],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100024,100025],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[129,100027,3396],{"id":3395},[31,100029,100031],{"className":33,"code":100030,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100032,100033,100057,100077,100095],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100034,100035,100037,100039,100041,100043,100045,100047,100049,100051,100053,100055],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100036,1384],{"class":46},[40,100038,51],{"class":50},[40,100040,10260],{"class":54},[40,100042,658],{"class":58},[40,100044,62],{"class":54},[40,100046,663],{"class":58},[40,100048,62],{"class":54},[40,100050,749],{"class":58},[40,100052,62],{"class":54},[40,100054,675],{"class":58},[40,100056,9079],{"class":54},[40,100058,100059,100061,100063,100065,100067,100069,100071,100073,100075],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,100060,1405],{"class":46},[40,100062,51],{"class":50},[40,100064,10260],{"class":54},[40,100066,401],{"class":58},[40,100068,62],{"class":54},[40,100070,675],{"class":58},[40,100072,62],{"class":54},[40,100074,4387],{"class":58},[40,100076,9079],{"class":54},[40,100078,100079,100081,100083,100085,100087,100089,100091,100093],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,100080,2013],{"class":46},[40,100082,51],{"class":50},[40,100084,56630],{"class":46},[40,100086,289],{"class":54},[40,100088,2594],{"class":91},[40,100090,88],{"class":54},[40,100092,1017],{"class":91},[40,100094,95],{"class":54},[40,100096,100097,100099,100101,100103],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,100098,101],{"class":84},[40,100100,88],{"class":54},[40,100102,2048],{"class":91},[40,100104,95],{"class":54},[20,100106,111],{},[31,100108,100110],{"className":33,"code":100109,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100111,100112],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100113,100114,100116,100118,100120,100122],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100115,9048],{"class":54},[40,100117,658],{"class":58},[40,100119,62],{"class":54},[40,100121,663],{"class":58},[40,100123,9079],{"class":54},[20,100125,100126,100128,100129,100131,100132,289],{},[15,100127,100016],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100130,282],{}," that are not in ",[15,100133,1017],{},[44669,100135],{},[129,100137,158,100139,3466],{"id":100138},"what-difference-does",[15,100140,100016],{},[20,100142,606,100143,100145,100146,100148],{},[15,100144,100016],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[183,100147,185],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100150,12821],{},[134,100152,100153,100158,100161,100164],{},[137,100154,100155,100157],{},[15,100156,100016],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[137,100159,100160],{},"It creates a new set",[137,100162,100163],{},"It does not change the original set",[137,100165,100166],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100168,95926,100169,289],{},[282,100170,95930],{"href":97101},[44669,100172],{},[129,100174,1940],{"id":1939},[20,100176,100177],{},"Use this form:",[31,100179,100181],{"className":33,"code":100180,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100182,100183],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100184,100185,100188,100190,100192,100194,100197],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100186,100187],{"class":46},"set1",[40,100189,289],{"class":54},[40,100191,2594],{"class":91},[40,100193,88],{"class":54},[40,100195,100196],{"class":91},"set2",[40,100198,95],{"class":54},[20,100200,100201],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[31,100203,100205],{"className":33,"code":100204,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100206,100207],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100208,100209,100211,100213,100215,100217,100219,100221,100224],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100210,100187],{"class":46},[40,100212,289],{"class":54},[40,100214,2594],{"class":91},[40,100216,88],{"class":54},[40,100218,100196],{"class":91},[40,100220,62],{"class":54},[40,100222,100223],{"class":91}," set3",[40,100225,95],{"class":54},[20,100227,100228,100229,100231],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[183,100230,5132],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100233,195],{},[31,100235,100237],{"className":33,"code":100236,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100238,100239,100267,100283,100295,100299,100321],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100240,100241,100243,100245,100247,100249,100251,100253,100255,100257,100259,100261,100263,100265],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100242,1384],{"class":46},[40,100244,51],{"class":50},[40,100246,10260],{"class":54},[40,100248,658],{"class":58},[40,100250,62],{"class":54},[40,100252,663],{"class":58},[40,100254,62],{"class":54},[40,100256,749],{"class":58},[40,100258,62],{"class":54},[40,100260,675],{"class":58},[40,100262,62],{"class":54},[40,100264,4387],{"class":58},[40,100266,9079],{"class":54},[40,100268,100269,100271,100273,100275,100277,100279,100281],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,100270,1405],{"class":46},[40,100272,51],{"class":50},[40,100274,10260],{"class":54},[40,100276,744],{"class":58},[40,100278,62],{"class":54},[40,100280,749],{"class":58},[40,100282,9079],{"class":54},[40,100284,100285,100287,100289,100291,100293],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,100286,82785],{"class":46},[40,100288,51],{"class":50},[40,100290,10260],{"class":54},[40,100292,682],{"class":58},[40,100294,9079],{"class":54},[40,100296,100297],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,100298,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,100300,100301,100303,100305,100307,100309,100311,100313,100315,100317,100319],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,100302,2013],{"class":46},[40,100304,51],{"class":50},[40,100306,56630],{"class":46},[40,100308,289],{"class":54},[40,100310,2594],{"class":91},[40,100312,88],{"class":54},[40,100314,1017],{"class":91},[40,100316,62],{"class":54},[40,100318,9451],{"class":91},[40,100320,95],{"class":54},[40,100322,100323,100325,100327,100329],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,100324,101],{"class":84},[40,100326,88],{"class":54},[40,100328,2048],{"class":91},[40,100330,95],{"class":54},[20,100332,111],{},[31,100334,100336],{"className":33,"code":100335,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100337,100338],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100339,100340,100342,100344,100346,100348],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100341,9048],{"class":54},[40,100343,658],{"class":58},[40,100345,62],{"class":54},[40,100347,675],{"class":58},[40,100349,9079],{"class":54},[20,100351,100352,100353,100355,100356,2662,100358,289],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100354,282],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100357,1017],{},[15,100359,1026],{},[44669,100361],{},[129,100363,17184],{"id":17183},[20,100365,100366,100368,100369,289],{},[15,100367,100016],{}," always returns a ",[183,100370,100371],{},"new set",[20,100373,43402],{},[134,100375,100376,100379,100382],{},[137,100377,100378],{},"The return value is a new set",[137,100380,100381],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[137,100383,100384],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100386,195],{},[31,100388,100390],{"className":33,"code":100389,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100391,100392,100408,100428,100432,100450,100454,100464],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100393,100394,100396,100398,100400,100402,100404,100406],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100395,1384],{"class":46},[40,100397,51],{"class":50},[40,100399,10260],{"class":54},[40,100401,658],{"class":58},[40,100403,62],{"class":54},[40,100405,663],{"class":58},[40,100407,9079],{"class":54},[40,100409,100410,100412,100414,100416,100418,100420,100422,100424,100426],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,100411,1405],{"class":46},[40,100413,51],{"class":50},[40,100415,10260],{"class":54},[40,100417,658],{"class":58},[40,100419,62],{"class":54},[40,100421,663],{"class":58},[40,100423,62],{"class":54},[40,100425,749],{"class":58},[40,100427,9079],{"class":54},[40,100429,100430],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,100431,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,100433,100434,100436,100438,100440,100442,100444,100446,100448],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,100435,2013],{"class":46},[40,100437,51],{"class":50},[40,100439,56630],{"class":46},[40,100441,289],{"class":54},[40,100443,2594],{"class":91},[40,100445,88],{"class":54},[40,100447,1017],{"class":91},[40,100449,95],{"class":54},[40,100451,100452],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,100453,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,100455,100456,100458,100460,100462],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,100457,101],{"class":84},[40,100459,88],{"class":54},[40,100461,2048],{"class":91},[40,100463,95],{"class":54},[40,100465,100466,100468,100470,100472,100474,100476],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,100467,101],{"class":84},[40,100469,88],{"class":54},[40,100471,1297],{"class":609},[40,100473,88],{"class":54},[40,100475,2048],{"class":91},[40,100477,256],{"class":54},[20,100479,111],{},[31,100481,100482],{"className":33,"code":98890,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,100483,100484,100490],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100485,100486,100488],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100487,6064],{"class":609},[40,100489,8413],{"class":54},[40,100491,100492,100494,100496,100498,100500,100502],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,100493,3076],{"class":50},[40,100495,3079],{"class":1848},[40,100497,3082],{"class":212},[40,100499,6064],{"class":216},[40,100501,3087],{"class":212},[40,100503,3090],{"class":50},[20,100505,100506,100507,1061,100509,100511,100512,100514],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100508,3584],{},[15,100510,3579],{},". In Python, ",[15,100513,3579],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44669,100516],{},[129,100518,11245],{"id":11244},[20,100520,100521],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[31,100523,100525],{"className":33,"code":100524,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100526,100527,100560,100593,100597,100617,100621,100631,100642],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100528,100529,100532,100534,100536,100538,100540,100542,100544,100546,100548,100550,100552,100554,100556,100558],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100530,100531],{"class":46},"fruits_a ",[40,100533,51],{"class":50},[40,100535,10260],{"class":54},[40,100537,213],{"class":212},[40,100539,3862],{"class":216},[40,100541,213],{"class":212},[40,100543,62],{"class":54},[40,100545,224],{"class":212},[40,100547,3871],{"class":216},[40,100549,213],{"class":212},[40,100551,62],{"class":54},[40,100553,224],{"class":212},[40,100555,32982],{"class":216},[40,100557,213],{"class":212},[40,100559,9079],{"class":54},[40,100561,100562,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575,100577,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587,100589,100591],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,100563,100564],{"class":46},"fruits_b ",[40,100566,51],{"class":50},[40,100568,10260],{"class":54},[40,100570,213],{"class":212},[40,100572,3871],{"class":216},[40,100574,213],{"class":212},[40,100576,62],{"class":54},[40,100578,224],{"class":212},[40,100580,32982],{"class":216},[40,100582,213],{"class":212},[40,100584,62],{"class":54},[40,100586,224],{"class":212},[40,100588,22294],{"class":216},[40,100590,213],{"class":212},[40,100592,9079],{"class":54},[40,100594,100595],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,100596,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,100598,100599,100601,100603,100606,100608,100610,100612,100615],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,100600,2013],{"class":46},[40,100602,51],{"class":50},[40,100604,100605],{"class":46}," fruits_a",[40,100607,289],{"class":54},[40,100609,2594],{"class":91},[40,100611,88],{"class":54},[40,100613,100614],{"class":91},"fruits_b",[40,100616,95],{"class":54},[40,100618,100619],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,100620,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,100622,100623,100625,100627,100629],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,100624,101],{"class":84},[40,100626,88],{"class":54},[40,100628,2048],{"class":91},[40,100630,95],{"class":54},[40,100632,100633,100635,100637,100640],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,100634,101],{"class":84},[40,100636,88],{"class":54},[40,100638,100639],{"class":91},"fruits_a",[40,100641,95],{"class":54},[40,100643,100644,100646,100648,100650],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,100645,101],{"class":84},[40,100647,88],{"class":54},[40,100649,100614],{"class":91},[40,100651,95],{"class":54},[20,100653,29790],{},[31,100655,100657],{"className":33,"code":100656,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100658,100659,100671,100699],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100660,100661,100663,100665,100667,100669],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100662,9048],{"class":54},[40,100664,3087],{"class":212},[40,100666,3862],{"class":216},[40,100668,3087],{"class":212},[40,100670,9079],{"class":54},[40,100672,100673,100675,100677,100679,100681,100683,100685,100687,100689,100691,100693,100695,100697],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,100674,9048],{"class":54},[40,100676,3087],{"class":212},[40,100678,3871],{"class":216},[40,100680,3087],{"class":212},[40,100682,62],{"class":54},[40,100684,3082],{"class":212},[40,100686,32982],{"class":216},[40,100688,3087],{"class":212},[40,100690,62],{"class":54},[40,100692,3082],{"class":212},[40,100694,3862],{"class":216},[40,100696,3087],{"class":212},[40,100698,9079],{"class":54},[40,100700,100701,100703,100705,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715,100717,100719,100721,100723,100725],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,100702,9048],{"class":54},[40,100704,3087],{"class":212},[40,100706,3871],{"class":216},[40,100708,3087],{"class":212},[40,100710,62],{"class":54},[40,100712,3082],{"class":212},[40,100714,32982],{"class":216},[40,100716,3087],{"class":212},[40,100718,62],{"class":54},[40,100720,3082],{"class":212},[40,100722,22294],{"class":216},[40,100724,3087],{"class":212},[40,100726,9079],{"class":54},[20,100728,385],{},[134,100730,100731,100736,100741,100747],{},[137,100732,100733,100734],{},"Start with ",[15,100735,100639],{},[137,100737,100738,100739],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100740,100614],{},[137,100742,100743,100744,100746],{},"Only ",[15,100745,57576],{}," remains",[137,100748,100749],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100751,100752],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44669,100754],{},[129,100756,795,100758,100760],{"id":100757},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100759,100016],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100762,100763,100764,289],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100765,100016],{},[20,100767,100768],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[31,100770,100772],{"className":33,"code":100771,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100773,100774,100806,100823,100836,100853,100857,100886],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100775,100776,100778,100780,100782,100784,100786,100788,100790,100792,100794,100796,100798,100800,100802,100804],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100777,47],{"class":46},[40,100779,51],{"class":50},[40,100781,10260],{"class":54},[40,100783,658],{"class":58},[40,100785,62],{"class":54},[40,100787,663],{"class":58},[40,100789,62],{"class":54},[40,100791,749],{"class":58},[40,100793,62],{"class":54},[40,100795,675],{"class":58},[40,100797,62],{"class":54},[40,100799,4387],{"class":58},[40,100801,62],{"class":54},[40,100803,687],{"class":58},[40,100805,9079],{"class":54},[40,100807,100808,100811,100813,100815,100817,100819,100821],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,100809,100810],{"class":46},"group_a ",[40,100812,51],{"class":50},[40,100814,10260],{"class":54},[40,100816,744],{"class":58},[40,100818,62],{"class":54},[40,100820,675],{"class":58},[40,100822,9079],{"class":54},[40,100824,100825,100828,100830,100832,100834],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,100826,100827],{"class":46},"group_b ",[40,100829,51],{"class":50},[40,100831,10260],{"class":54},[40,100833,682],{"class":58},[40,100835,9079],{"class":54},[40,100837,100838,100841,100843,100845,100847,100849,100851],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,100839,100840],{"class":46},"group_c ",[40,100842,51],{"class":50},[40,100844,10260],{"class":54},[40,100846,80193],{"class":58},[40,100848,62],{"class":54},[40,100850,5770],{"class":58},[40,100852,9079],{"class":54},[40,100854,100855],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,100856,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,100858,100859,100861,100863,100865,100867,100869,100871,100874,100876,100879,100881,100884],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,100860,2013],{"class":46},[40,100862,51],{"class":50},[40,100864,4045],{"class":46},[40,100866,289],{"class":54},[40,100868,2594],{"class":91},[40,100870,88],{"class":54},[40,100872,100873],{"class":91},"group_a",[40,100875,62],{"class":54},[40,100877,100878],{"class":91}," group_b",[40,100880,62],{"class":54},[40,100882,100883],{"class":91}," group_c",[40,100885,95],{"class":54},[40,100887,100888,100890,100892,100894],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,100889,101],{"class":84},[40,100891,88],{"class":54},[40,100893,2048],{"class":91},[40,100895,95],{"class":54},[20,100897,111],{},[31,100899,100901],{"className":33,"code":100900,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100902,100903],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100904,100905,100907,100909,100911,100913],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100906,9048],{"class":54},[40,100908,658],{"class":58},[40,100910,62],{"class":54},[40,100912,749],{"class":58},[40,100914,9079],{"class":54},[20,100916,100917],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44669,100919],{},[129,100921,100923,10355,100925],{"id":100922},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100924,100016],{},[15,100926,100927],{},"difference_update()",[20,100929,100930],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[792,100932,100933],{"id":2594},[15,100934,100016],{},[134,100936,100937,100940],{},[137,100938,100939],{},"Returns a new set",[137,100941,100942],{},"Does not change the original set",[31,100944,100946],{"className":33,"code":100945,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100947,100948,100972,100988,100992,101010,101014,101024],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,100949,100950,100952,100954,100956,100958,100960,100962,100964,100966,100968,100970],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,100951,1384],{"class":46},[40,100953,51],{"class":50},[40,100955,10260],{"class":54},[40,100957,658],{"class":58},[40,100959,62],{"class":54},[40,100961,663],{"class":58},[40,100963,62],{"class":54},[40,100965,749],{"class":58},[40,100967,62],{"class":54},[40,100969,675],{"class":58},[40,100971,9079],{"class":54},[40,100973,100974,100976,100978,100980,100982,100984,100986],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,100975,1405],{"class":46},[40,100977,51],{"class":50},[40,100979,10260],{"class":54},[40,100981,401],{"class":58},[40,100983,62],{"class":54},[40,100985,675],{"class":58},[40,100987,9079],{"class":54},[40,100989,100990],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,100991,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,100993,100994,100996,100998,101000,101002,101004,101006,101008],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,100995,2013],{"class":46},[40,100997,51],{"class":50},[40,100999,56630],{"class":46},[40,101001,289],{"class":54},[40,101003,2594],{"class":91},[40,101005,88],{"class":54},[40,101007,1017],{"class":91},[40,101009,95],{"class":54},[40,101011,101012],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,101013,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,101015,101016,101018,101020,101022],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,101017,101],{"class":84},[40,101019,88],{"class":54},[40,101021,2048],{"class":91},[40,101023,95],{"class":54},[40,101025,101026,101028,101030,101032],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,101027,101],{"class":84},[40,101029,88],{"class":54},[40,101031,282],{"class":91},[40,101033,95],{"class":54},[20,101035,111],{},[31,101037,101039],{"className":33,"code":101038,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101040,101041,101053],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101042,101043,101045,101047,101049,101051],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101044,9048],{"class":54},[40,101046,658],{"class":58},[40,101048,62],{"class":54},[40,101050,663],{"class":58},[40,101052,9079],{"class":54},[40,101054,101055,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,101056,9048],{"class":54},[40,101058,658],{"class":58},[40,101060,62],{"class":54},[40,101062,663],{"class":58},[40,101064,62],{"class":54},[40,101066,749],{"class":58},[40,101068,62],{"class":54},[40,101070,675],{"class":58},[40,101072,9079],{"class":54},[792,101074,101076],{"id":101075},"difference_update",[15,101077,100927],{},[134,101079,101080,101083],{},[137,101081,101082],{},"Changes the original set",[137,101084,95920],{},[31,101086,101088],{"className":33,"code":101087,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101089,101090,101114,101130,101134,101148,101152],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101091,101092,101094,101096,101098,101100,101102,101104,101106,101108,101110,101112],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101093,1384],{"class":46},[40,101095,51],{"class":50},[40,101097,10260],{"class":54},[40,101099,658],{"class":58},[40,101101,62],{"class":54},[40,101103,663],{"class":58},[40,101105,62],{"class":54},[40,101107,749],{"class":58},[40,101109,62],{"class":54},[40,101111,675],{"class":58},[40,101113,9079],{"class":54},[40,101115,101116,101118,101120,101122,101124,101126,101128],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,101117,1405],{"class":46},[40,101119,51],{"class":50},[40,101121,10260],{"class":54},[40,101123,401],{"class":58},[40,101125,62],{"class":54},[40,101127,675],{"class":58},[40,101129,9079],{"class":54},[40,101131,101132],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,101133,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,101135,101136,101138,101140,101142,101144,101146],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,101137,282],{"class":46},[40,101139,289],{"class":54},[40,101141,101075],{"class":91},[40,101143,88],{"class":54},[40,101145,1017],{"class":91},[40,101147,95],{"class":54},[40,101149,101150],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,101151,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,101153,101154,101156,101158,101160],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,101155,101],{"class":84},[40,101157,88],{"class":54},[40,101159,282],{"class":91},[40,101161,95],{"class":54},[20,101163,111],{},[31,101165,101166],{"className":33,"code":100109,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,101167,101168],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101169,101170,101172,101174,101176,101178],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101171,9048],{"class":54},[40,101173,658],{"class":58},[40,101175,62],{"class":54},[40,101177,663],{"class":58},[40,101179,9079],{"class":54},[20,101181,123,101182,101184],{},[15,101183,100016],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101186,101187,101188,33362],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101189,100927],{},[44669,101191],{},[129,101193,101195,101197,101198,101200],{"id":101194},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101196,100016],{}," vs the ",[15,101199,1806],{}," operator",[20,101202,606,101203,101205,101206,101208],{},[15,101204,1806],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101207,100016],{}," for two sets.",[31,101210,101212],{"className":33,"code":101211,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101213,101214,101238,101254,101258,101276],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101215,101216,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234,101236],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101217,1384],{"class":46},[40,101219,51],{"class":50},[40,101221,10260],{"class":54},[40,101223,658],{"class":58},[40,101225,62],{"class":54},[40,101227,663],{"class":58},[40,101229,62],{"class":54},[40,101231,749],{"class":58},[40,101233,62],{"class":54},[40,101235,675],{"class":58},[40,101237,9079],{"class":54},[40,101239,101240,101242,101244,101246,101248,101250,101252],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,101241,1405],{"class":46},[40,101243,51],{"class":50},[40,101245,10260],{"class":54},[40,101247,401],{"class":58},[40,101249,62],{"class":54},[40,101251,675],{"class":58},[40,101253,9079],{"class":54},[40,101255,101256],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,101257,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,101259,101260,101262,101264,101266,101268,101270,101272,101274],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,101261,101],{"class":84},[40,101263,88],{"class":54},[40,101265,282],{"class":91},[40,101267,289],{"class":54},[40,101269,2594],{"class":91},[40,101271,88],{"class":54},[40,101273,1017],{"class":91},[40,101275,256],{"class":54},[40,101277,101278,101280,101282,101284,101286,101288],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,101279,101],{"class":84},[40,101281,88],{"class":54},[40,101283,1384],{"class":91},[40,101285,1806],{"class":50},[40,101287,2342],{"class":91},[40,101289,95],{"class":54},[20,101291,111],{},[31,101293,101295],{"className":33,"code":101294,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101296,101297,101309],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101298,101299,101301,101303,101305,101307],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101300,9048],{"class":54},[40,101302,658],{"class":58},[40,101304,62],{"class":54},[40,101306,663],{"class":58},[40,101308,9079],{"class":54},[40,101310,101311,101313,101315,101317,101319],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,101312,9048],{"class":54},[40,101314,658],{"class":58},[40,101316,62],{"class":54},[40,101318,663],{"class":58},[40,101320,9079],{"class":54},[20,101322,101323],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101325,94190,101326,2275],{},[15,101327,100016],{},[134,101329,101330,101333,101336],{},[137,101331,101332],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[137,101334,101335],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[137,101337,101338],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101340,101341],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[31,101343,101345],{"className":33,"code":101344,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101346,101347,101375,101387,101399,101403],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101348,101349,101351,101353,101355,101357,101359,101361,101363,101365,101367,101369,101371,101373],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101350,1384],{"class":46},[40,101352,51],{"class":50},[40,101354,10260],{"class":54},[40,101356,658],{"class":58},[40,101358,62],{"class":54},[40,101360,663],{"class":58},[40,101362,62],{"class":54},[40,101364,749],{"class":58},[40,101366,62],{"class":54},[40,101368,675],{"class":58},[40,101370,62],{"class":54},[40,101372,4387],{"class":58},[40,101374,9079],{"class":54},[40,101376,101377,101379,101381,101383,101385],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,101378,1405],{"class":46},[40,101380,51],{"class":50},[40,101382,10260],{"class":54},[40,101384,744],{"class":58},[40,101386,9079],{"class":54},[40,101388,101389,101391,101393,101395,101397],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,101390,82785],{"class":46},[40,101392,51],{"class":50},[40,101394,10260],{"class":54},[40,101396,2288],{"class":58},[40,101398,9079],{"class":54},[40,101400,101401],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,101402,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,101404,101405,101407,101409,101411,101413,101415,101417,101419,101421,101423],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,101406,101],{"class":84},[40,101408,88],{"class":54},[40,101410,282],{"class":91},[40,101412,289],{"class":54},[40,101414,2594],{"class":91},[40,101416,88],{"class":54},[40,101418,1017],{"class":91},[40,101420,62],{"class":54},[40,101422,9451],{"class":91},[40,101424,256],{"class":54},[20,101426,111],{},[31,101428,101430],{"className":33,"code":101429,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101431,101432],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101433,101434,101436,101438,101440,101442,101444,101446],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101435,9048],{"class":54},[40,101437,658],{"class":58},[40,101439,62],{"class":54},[40,101441,749],{"class":58},[40,101443,62],{"class":54},[40,101445,4387],{"class":58},[40,101447,9079],{"class":54},[20,101449,101450,101451,101453],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101452,1806],{}," operator expression.",[44669,101455],{},[129,101457,790],{"id":789},[20,101459,20972,101460,289],{},[15,101461,100016],{},[792,101463,101465],{"id":101464},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101467,4410,101468,101470,101471,2669],{},[183,101469,185],{}," change ",[15,101472,282],{},[31,101474,101476],{"className":33,"code":101475,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101477,101478,101498,101510,101514,101528],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101479,101480,101482,101484,101486,101488,101490,101492,101494,101496],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101481,1384],{"class":46},[40,101483,51],{"class":50},[40,101485,10260],{"class":54},[40,101487,658],{"class":58},[40,101489,62],{"class":54},[40,101491,663],{"class":58},[40,101493,62],{"class":54},[40,101495,749],{"class":58},[40,101497,9079],{"class":54},[40,101499,101500,101502,101504,101506,101508],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,101501,1405],{"class":46},[40,101503,51],{"class":50},[40,101505,10260],{"class":54},[40,101507,401],{"class":58},[40,101509,9079],{"class":54},[40,101511,101512],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,101513,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,101515,101516,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,101517,282],{"class":46},[40,101519,289],{"class":54},[40,101521,2594],{"class":91},[40,101523,88],{"class":54},[40,101525,1017],{"class":91},[40,101527,95],{"class":54},[40,101529,101530,101532,101534,101536],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,101531,101],{"class":84},[40,101533,88],{"class":54},[40,101535,282],{"class":91},[40,101537,95],{"class":54},[20,101539,111],{},[31,101541,101542],{"className":33,"code":96209,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,101543,101544],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101545,101546,101548,101550,101552,101554,101556,101558],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101547,9048],{"class":54},[40,101549,658],{"class":58},[40,101551,62],{"class":54},[40,101553,663],{"class":58},[40,101555,62],{"class":54},[40,101557,749],{"class":58},[40,101559,9079],{"class":54},[20,101561,101562],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[31,101564,101566],{"className":33,"code":101565,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101567,101568,101588,101600,101604,101622],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101569,101570,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101571,1384],{"class":46},[40,101573,51],{"class":50},[40,101575,10260],{"class":54},[40,101577,658],{"class":58},[40,101579,62],{"class":54},[40,101581,663],{"class":58},[40,101583,62],{"class":54},[40,101585,749],{"class":58},[40,101587,9079],{"class":54},[40,101589,101590,101592,101594,101596,101598],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,101591,1405],{"class":46},[40,101593,51],{"class":50},[40,101595,10260],{"class":54},[40,101597,401],{"class":58},[40,101599,9079],{"class":54},[40,101601,101602],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,101603,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,101605,101606,101608,101610,101612,101614,101616,101618,101620],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,101607,1384],{"class":46},[40,101609,51],{"class":50},[40,101611,56630],{"class":46},[40,101613,289],{"class":54},[40,101615,2594],{"class":91},[40,101617,88],{"class":54},[40,101619,1017],{"class":91},[40,101621,95],{"class":54},[40,101623,101624,101626,101628,101630],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,101625,101],{"class":84},[40,101627,88],{"class":54},[40,101629,282],{"class":91},[40,101631,95],{"class":54},[20,101633,111],{},[31,101635,101636],{"className":33,"code":100109,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,101637,101638],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101639,101640,101642,101644,101646,101648],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101641,9048],{"class":54},[40,101643,658],{"class":58},[40,101645,62],{"class":54},[40,101647,663],{"class":58},[40,101649,9079],{"class":54},[792,101651,101653],{"id":101652},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101655,101656,101659],{},[15,101657,101658],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[134,101661,101662,101667],{},[137,101663,101664,101665],{},"keep items from ",[15,101666,282],{},[137,101668,101669,101670],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101671,1017],{},[20,101673,181,101674,101676,101677,101679],{},[183,101675,185],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101678,1017],{},"”.",[20,101681,195],{},[31,101683,101685],{"className":33,"code":101684,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101686,101687,101707,101727,101731,101749],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101688,101689,101691,101693,101695,101697,101699,101701,101703,101705],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101690,1384],{"class":46},[40,101692,51],{"class":50},[40,101694,10260],{"class":54},[40,101696,658],{"class":58},[40,101698,62],{"class":54},[40,101700,663],{"class":58},[40,101702,62],{"class":54},[40,101704,749],{"class":58},[40,101706,9079],{"class":54},[40,101708,101709,101711,101713,101715,101717,101719,101721,101723,101725],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,101710,1405],{"class":46},[40,101712,51],{"class":50},[40,101714,10260],{"class":54},[40,101716,401],{"class":58},[40,101718,62],{"class":54},[40,101720,675],{"class":58},[40,101722,62],{"class":54},[40,101724,4387],{"class":58},[40,101726,9079],{"class":54},[40,101728,101729],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,101730,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,101732,101733,101735,101737,101739,101741,101743,101745,101747],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,101734,101],{"class":84},[40,101736,88],{"class":54},[40,101738,282],{"class":91},[40,101740,289],{"class":54},[40,101742,2594],{"class":91},[40,101744,88],{"class":54},[40,101746,1017],{"class":91},[40,101748,256],{"class":54},[40,101750,101751,101753,101755,101757,101759,101761,101763,101765],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,101752,101],{"class":84},[40,101754,88],{"class":54},[40,101756,1017],{"class":91},[40,101758,289],{"class":54},[40,101760,2594],{"class":91},[40,101762,88],{"class":54},[40,101764,282],{"class":91},[40,101766,256],{"class":54},[20,101768,111],{},[31,101770,101772],{"className":33,"code":101771,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101773,101774,101786],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101775,101776,101778,101780,101782,101784],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101777,9048],{"class":54},[40,101779,658],{"class":58},[40,101781,62],{"class":54},[40,101783,663],{"class":58},[40,101785,9079],{"class":54},[40,101787,101788,101790,101792,101794,101796],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,101789,9048],{"class":54},[40,101791,2288],{"class":58},[40,101793,62],{"class":54},[40,101795,4387],{"class":58},[40,101797,9079],{"class":54},[20,101799,101800],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[792,101802,101804],{"id":101803},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101806,101807,101809],{},[15,101808,100016],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101811,55062],{},[31,101813,101815],{"className":33,"code":101814,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101816,101817,101837,101853,101857],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101818,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827,101829,101831,101833,101835],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101820,1384],{"class":46},[40,101822,51],{"class":50},[40,101824,55],{"class":54},[40,101826,658],{"class":58},[40,101828,62],{"class":54},[40,101830,663],{"class":58},[40,101832,62],{"class":54},[40,101834,749],{"class":58},[40,101836,73],{"class":54},[40,101838,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847,101849,101851],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,101840,1405],{"class":46},[40,101842,51],{"class":50},[40,101844,55],{"class":54},[40,101846,401],{"class":58},[40,101848,62],{"class":54},[40,101850,675],{"class":58},[40,101852,73],{"class":54},[40,101854,101855],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,101856,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,101858,101859],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,101860,101861],{"class":3449},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101863,101864],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[31,101866,101868],{"className":33,"code":101867,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101869,101870,101890,101906,101910,101936],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101871,101872,101874,101876,101878,101880,101882,101884,101886,101888],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101873,1384],{"class":46},[40,101875,51],{"class":50},[40,101877,55],{"class":54},[40,101879,658],{"class":58},[40,101881,62],{"class":54},[40,101883,663],{"class":58},[40,101885,62],{"class":54},[40,101887,749],{"class":58},[40,101889,73],{"class":54},[40,101891,101892,101894,101896,101898,101900,101902,101904],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,101893,1405],{"class":46},[40,101895,51],{"class":50},[40,101897,55],{"class":54},[40,101899,401],{"class":58},[40,101901,62],{"class":54},[40,101903,675],{"class":58},[40,101905,73],{"class":54},[40,101907,101908],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,101909,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,101911,101912,101914,101916,101918,101920,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,101913,2013],{"class":46},[40,101915,51],{"class":50},[40,101917,15400],{"class":609},[40,101919,88],{"class":54},[40,101921,282],{"class":91},[40,101923,8401],{"class":54},[40,101925,2594],{"class":91},[40,101927,88],{"class":54},[40,101929,6064],{"class":609},[40,101931,88],{"class":54},[40,101933,1017],{"class":91},[40,101935,256],{"class":54},[40,101937,101938,101940,101942,101944],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,101939,101],{"class":84},[40,101941,88],{"class":54},[40,101943,2048],{"class":91},[40,101945,95],{"class":54},[20,101947,111],{},[31,101949,101950],{"className":33,"code":100109,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,101951,101952],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101953,101954,101956,101958,101960,101962],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101955,9048],{"class":54},[40,101957,658],{"class":58},[40,101959,62],{"class":54},[40,101961,663],{"class":58},[40,101963,9079],{"class":54},[792,101965,101967],{"id":101966},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,101969,101970],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[31,101972,101974],{"className":33,"code":101973,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101975,101976,102008,102024,102028],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,101977,101978,101980,101982,101984,101986,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996,101998,102000,102002,102004,102006],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,101979,1384],{"class":46},[40,101981,51],{"class":50},[40,101983,10260],{"class":54},[40,101985,213],{"class":212},[40,101987,217],{"class":216},[40,101989,213],{"class":212},[40,101991,62],{"class":54},[40,101993,224],{"class":212},[40,101995,236],{"class":216},[40,101997,213],{"class":212},[40,101999,62],{"class":54},[40,102001,224],{"class":212},[40,102003,57886],{"class":216},[40,102005,213],{"class":212},[40,102007,9079],{"class":54},[40,102009,102010,102012,102014,102016,102018,102020,102022],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,102011,1405],{"class":46},[40,102013,51],{"class":50},[40,102015,10260],{"class":54},[40,102017,213],{"class":212},[40,102019,236],{"class":216},[40,102021,213],{"class":212},[40,102023,9079],{"class":54},[40,102025,102026],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,102027,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,102029,102030,102032,102034,102036,102038,102040,102042,102044],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,102031,101],{"class":84},[40,102033,88],{"class":54},[40,102035,282],{"class":91},[40,102037,289],{"class":54},[40,102039,2594],{"class":91},[40,102041,88],{"class":54},[40,102043,1017],{"class":91},[40,102045,256],{"class":54},[20,102047,102048],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[792,102050,102052],{"id":102051},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102054,102055],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[31,102057,102059],{"className":33,"code":102058,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102060,102061,102089,102101,102105,102115],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102062,102063,102065,102067,102069,102071,102073,102075,102077,102079,102081,102083,102085,102087],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102064,1384],{"class":46},[40,102066,51],{"class":50},[40,102068,10260],{"class":54},[40,102070,658],{"class":58},[40,102072,62],{"class":54},[40,102074,1226],{"class":58},[40,102076,62],{"class":54},[40,102078,663],{"class":58},[40,102080,62],{"class":54},[40,102082,663],{"class":58},[40,102084,62],{"class":54},[40,102086,749],{"class":58},[40,102088,9079],{"class":54},[40,102090,102091,102093,102095,102097,102099],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,102092,1405],{"class":46},[40,102094,51],{"class":50},[40,102096,10260],{"class":54},[40,102098,401],{"class":58},[40,102100,9079],{"class":54},[40,102102,102103],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,102104,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,102106,102107,102109,102111,102113],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,102108,101],{"class":84},[40,102110,88],{"class":54},[40,102112,282],{"class":91},[40,102114,95],{"class":54},[40,102116,102117,102119,102121,102123,102125,102127,102129,102131],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,102118,101],{"class":84},[40,102120,88],{"class":54},[40,102122,282],{"class":91},[40,102124,289],{"class":54},[40,102126,2594],{"class":91},[40,102128,88],{"class":54},[40,102130,1017],{"class":91},[40,102132,256],{"class":54},[20,102134,111],{},[31,102136,102138],{"className":33,"code":102137,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102139,102140,102156],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102141,102142,102144,102146,102148,102150,102152,102154],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102143,9048],{"class":54},[40,102145,658],{"class":58},[40,102147,62],{"class":54},[40,102149,663],{"class":58},[40,102151,62],{"class":54},[40,102153,749],{"class":58},[40,102155,9079],{"class":54},[40,102157,102158,102160,102162,102164,102166],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,102159,9048],{"class":54},[40,102161,658],{"class":58},[40,102163,62],{"class":54},[40,102165,663],{"class":58},[40,102167,9079],{"class":54},[20,102169,102170,102171,102173],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102172,100016],{}," runs.",[792,102175,102177],{"id":102176},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102179,102180],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[31,102182,102184],{"className":33,"code":102183,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102185,102186,102210,102230,102234,102244,102254,102272,102294],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102187,102188,102190,102192,102194,102196,102198,102200,102202,102204,102206,102208],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102189,1384],{"class":46},[40,102191,51],{"class":50},[40,102193,10260],{"class":54},[40,102195,658],{"class":58},[40,102197,62],{"class":54},[40,102199,663],{"class":58},[40,102201,62],{"class":54},[40,102203,749],{"class":58},[40,102205,62],{"class":54},[40,102207,675],{"class":58},[40,102209,9079],{"class":54},[40,102211,102212,102214,102216,102218,102220,102222,102224,102226,102228],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,102213,1405],{"class":46},[40,102215,51],{"class":50},[40,102217,10260],{"class":54},[40,102219,401],{"class":58},[40,102221,62],{"class":54},[40,102223,675],{"class":58},[40,102225,62],{"class":54},[40,102227,4387],{"class":58},[40,102229,9079],{"class":54},[40,102231,102232],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,102233,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,102235,102236,102238,102240,102242],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,102237,101],{"class":84},[40,102239,88],{"class":54},[40,102241,282],{"class":91},[40,102243,95],{"class":54},[40,102245,102246,102248,102250,102252],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,102247,101],{"class":84},[40,102249,88],{"class":54},[40,102251,1017],{"class":91},[40,102253,95],{"class":54},[40,102255,102256,102258,102260,102262,102264,102266,102268,102270],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,102257,101],{"class":84},[40,102259,88],{"class":54},[40,102261,282],{"class":91},[40,102263,289],{"class":54},[40,102265,2594],{"class":91},[40,102267,88],{"class":54},[40,102269,1017],{"class":91},[40,102271,256],{"class":54},[40,102273,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282,102284,102286,102288,102290,102292],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,102275,101],{"class":84},[40,102277,88],{"class":54},[40,102279,1297],{"class":609},[40,102281,88],{"class":54},[40,102283,282],{"class":91},[40,102285,289],{"class":54},[40,102287,2594],{"class":91},[40,102289,88],{"class":54},[40,102291,1017],{"class":91},[40,102293,2697],{"class":54},[40,102295,102296,102298,102300,102302,102304,102306,102308,102310,102312,102314],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,102297,101],{"class":84},[40,102299,88],{"class":54},[40,102301,17],{"class":84},[40,102303,88],{"class":54},[40,102305,282],{"class":91},[40,102307,289],{"class":54},[40,102309,2594],{"class":91},[40,102311,88],{"class":54},[40,102313,1017],{"class":91},[40,102315,2697],{"class":54},[20,102317,10939],{},[134,102319,102320,102323,102326,102329],{},[137,102321,102322],{},"what is in each set",[137,102324,102325],{},"what result Python creates",[137,102327,102328],{},"that the result is a set",[137,102330,102331],{},"how many items remain",[44669,102333],{},[129,102335,1636],{"id":1635},[792,102337,12474,102339,102341],{"id":102338},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102340,100016],{}," change the original set?",[20,102343,102344],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[792,102346,4957,102348,4176,102350,2275],{"id":102347},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102349,100016],{},[15,102351,100927],{},[20,102353,102354,102356,102357,102359],{},[15,102355,100016],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102358,100927],{}," modifies the original set.",[792,102361,1671,102363,102365],{"id":102362},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102364,100016],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102367,102368],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[792,102370,102372],{"id":102371},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102374,102375],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44669,102377],{},[129,102379,1687],{"id":1686},[134,102381,102382,102386,102394],{},[137,102383,102384],{},[282,102385,95930],{"href":97101},[137,102387,102388],{},[282,102389,96416,102391,10510],{"href":102390},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102392,102393],{},"intersection()",[137,102395,102396],{},[282,102397,96416,102399,10510],{"href":102398},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102400,102401],{},"union()",[1715,102403,102404],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":102406},[102407,102408,102410,102411,102412,102413,102415,102420,102422,102430,102439],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":100138,"depth":76,"text":102409},"What difference() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":17183,"depth":76,"text":17184},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":100757,"depth":76,"text":102414},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100922,"depth":76,"text":102416,"children":102417},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102418,102419],{"id":2594,"depth":98,"text":100016},{"id":101075,"depth":98,"text":100927},{"id":101194,"depth":76,"text":102421},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":102423},[102424,102425,102426,102427,102428,102429],{"id":101464,"depth":98,"text":101465},{"id":101652,"depth":98,"text":101653},{"id":101803,"depth":98,"text":101804},{"id":101966,"depth":98,"text":101967},{"id":102051,"depth":98,"text":102052},{"id":102176,"depth":98,"text":102177},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":102431},[102432,102434,102436,102438],{"id":102338,"depth":98,"text":102433},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102347,"depth":98,"text":102435},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102362,"depth":98,"text":102437},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102371,"depth":98,"text":102372},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100008,"description":102440},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102447,"title":102448,"body":102449,"description":104144,"extension":1746,"meta":104145,"navigation":360,"path":104146,"seo":104147,"stem":104148,"__hash__":104149},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102450,"toc":104106},[102451,102457,102463,102476,102478,102579,102581,102626,102631,102636,102640,102654,102657,102665,102667,102686,102704,102708,102761,102763,102784,102791,102796,102823,102830,102929,102931,102968,102976,102980,102986,102989,103062,103064,103072,103077,103146,103148,103173,103175,103178,103281,103283,103344,103347,103351,103357,103430,103432,103465,103468,103471,103511,103517,103540,103545,103549,103560,103563,103565,103569,103575,103577,103634,103644,103646,103699,103706,103711,103779,103787,103793,103797,103799,103838,103843,103892,103896,103899,103901,103940,103943,103945,103950,104007,104009,104023,104025,104029,104035,104040,104045,104052,104063,104069,104074,104076,104103],[10,102452,95802,102454,11091],{"id":102453},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102455,102456],{},"discard()",[20,102458,102459,102462],{},[15,102460,102461],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102464,102465,102466,1973,102471,13821,102473,102475],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[282,102467,102468],{"href":97811},[15,102469,102470],{},"set.remove()",[15,102472,102456],{},[183,102474,185],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[129,102477,1787],{"id":1786},[31,102479,102481],{"className":33,"code":102480,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102482,102483,102515,102534,102544,102548,102569],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102484,102485,102487,102489,102491,102493,102495,102497,102499,102501,102503,102505,102507,102509,102511,102513],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102486,309],{"class":46},[40,102488,51],{"class":50},[40,102490,10260],{"class":54},[40,102492,213],{"class":212},[40,102494,318],{"class":216},[40,102496,213],{"class":212},[40,102498,62],{"class":54},[40,102500,224],{"class":212},[40,102502,336],{"class":216},[40,102504,213],{"class":212},[40,102506,62],{"class":54},[40,102508,224],{"class":212},[40,102510,327],{"class":216},[40,102512,213],{"class":212},[40,102514,9079],{"class":54},[40,102516,102517,102519,102521,102524,102526,102528,102530,102532],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,102518,353],{"class":46},[40,102520,289],{"class":54},[40,102522,102523],{"class":91},"discard",[40,102525,88],{"class":54},[40,102527,213],{"class":212},[40,102529,336],{"class":216},[40,102531,213],{"class":212},[40,102533,95],{"class":54},[40,102535,102536,102538,102540,102542],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,102537,101],{"class":84},[40,102539,88],{"class":54},[40,102541,353],{"class":91},[40,102543,95],{"class":54},[40,102545,102546],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,102547,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,102549,102550,102552,102554,102556,102558,102560,102562,102564,102566],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,102551,353],{"class":46},[40,102553,289],{"class":54},[40,102555,102523],{"class":91},[40,102557,88],{"class":54},[40,102559,213],{"class":212},[40,102561,22285],{"class":216},[40,102563,213],{"class":212},[40,102565,18],{"class":54},[40,102567,102568],{"class":3449},"  # no error if missing\n",[40,102570,102571,102573,102575,102577],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,102572,101],{"class":84},[40,102574,88],{"class":54},[40,102576,353],{"class":91},[40,102578,95],{"class":54},[20,102580,29790],{},[31,102582,102584],{"className":33,"code":102583,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102585,102586,102606],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102587,102588,102590,102592,102594,102596,102598,102600,102602,102604],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102589,9048],{"class":54},[40,102591,3087],{"class":212},[40,102593,318],{"class":216},[40,102595,3087],{"class":212},[40,102597,62],{"class":54},[40,102599,3082],{"class":212},[40,102601,327],{"class":216},[40,102603,3087],{"class":212},[40,102605,9079],{"class":54},[40,102607,102608,102610,102612,102614,102616,102618,102620,102622,102624],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,102609,9048],{"class":54},[40,102611,3087],{"class":212},[40,102613,318],{"class":216},[40,102615,3087],{"class":212},[40,102617,62],{"class":54},[40,102619,3082],{"class":212},[40,102621,327],{"class":216},[40,102623,3087],{"class":212},[40,102625,9079],{"class":54},[20,102627,123,102628,102630],{},[15,102629,102456],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[129,102632,158,102634,3466],{"id":102633},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102635,102461],{},[20,102637,102638,2669],{},[15,102639,102456],{},[134,102641,102642,102645,102648,102650],{},[137,102643,102644],{},"Removes one item from a set",[137,102646,102647],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[137,102649,95917],{},[137,102651,11193,102652],{},[15,102653,3565],{},[20,102655,102656],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102658,95926,102659,2662,102662,289],{},[282,102660,102661],{"href":98393},"what a set is in Python",[282,102663,102664],{"href":97485},"how to create a set",[129,102666,1940],{"id":1939},[31,102668,102670],{"className":33,"code":102669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102671,102672],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102673,102674,102676,102678,102680,102682,102684],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102675,15433],{"class":46},[40,102677,289],{"class":54},[40,102679,102523],{"class":91},[40,102681,88],{"class":54},[40,102683,2255],{"class":91},[40,102685,95],{"class":54},[134,102687,102688,102693,102698,102701],{},[137,102689,102690,102692],{},[15,102691,15433],{}," is the set you want to change",[137,102694,102695,102697],{},[15,102696,2255],{}," is the item you want to remove",[137,102699,102700],{},"The set must already exist",[137,102702,102703],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[792,102705,102707],{"id":102706},"example","Example",[31,102709,102711],{"className":33,"code":102710,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102712,102713,102737,102751],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102714,102715,102717,102719,102721,102723,102725,102727,102729,102731,102733,102735],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102716,47],{"class":46},[40,102718,51],{"class":50},[40,102720,10260],{"class":54},[40,102722,658],{"class":58},[40,102724,62],{"class":54},[40,102726,663],{"class":58},[40,102728,62],{"class":54},[40,102730,749],{"class":58},[40,102732,62],{"class":54},[40,102734,675],{"class":58},[40,102736,9079],{"class":54},[40,102738,102739,102741,102743,102745,102747,102749],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,102740,92],{"class":46},[40,102742,289],{"class":54},[40,102744,102523],{"class":91},[40,102746,88],{"class":54},[40,102748,401],{"class":58},[40,102750,95],{"class":54},[40,102752,102753,102755,102757,102759],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,102754,101],{"class":84},[40,102756,88],{"class":54},[40,102758,92],{"class":91},[40,102760,95],{"class":54},[20,102762,111],{},[31,102764,102766],{"className":33,"code":102765,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102767,102768],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102769,102770,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780,102782],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102771,9048],{"class":54},[40,102773,658],{"class":58},[40,102775,62],{"class":54},[40,102777,663],{"class":58},[40,102779,62],{"class":54},[40,102781,675],{"class":58},[40,102783,9079],{"class":54},[129,102785,102787,102788,102790],{"id":102786},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102789,102456],{}," different",[20,102792,102793,102795],{},[15,102794,102456],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[134,102797,102798,102811,102820],{},[137,102799,102800,102801,1973,102805,102807,102808,102810],{},"Unlike ",[282,102802,102803],{"href":97811},[15,102804,55272],{},[15,102806,102456],{}," does not raise ",[15,102809,19448],{}," when the item is missing",[137,102812,102800,102813,1973,102817,102819],{},[282,102814,102815],{"href":97816},[15,102816,12532],{},[15,102818,102456],{}," removes a specific item",[137,102821,102822],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[792,102824,102826,10355,102828],{"id":102825},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102827,102456],{},[15,102829,55272],{},[31,102831,102833],{"className":33,"code":102832,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102834,102835,102859,102863,102884,102894,102898,102919],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102836,102837,102839,102841,102843,102845,102847,102849,102851,102853,102855,102857],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102838,479],{"class":46},[40,102840,51],{"class":50},[40,102842,10260],{"class":54},[40,102844,213],{"class":212},[40,102846,3862],{"class":216},[40,102848,213],{"class":212},[40,102850,62],{"class":54},[40,102852,224],{"class":212},[40,102854,3871],{"class":216},[40,102856,213],{"class":212},[40,102858,9079],{"class":54},[40,102860,102861],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,102862,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,102864,102865,102867,102869,102871,102873,102875,102877,102879,102881],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,102866,497],{"class":46},[40,102868,289],{"class":54},[40,102870,102523],{"class":91},[40,102872,88],{"class":54},[40,102874,213],{"class":212},[40,102876,32982],{"class":216},[40,102878,213],{"class":212},[40,102880,18],{"class":54},[40,102882,102883],{"class":3449},"   # no error\n",[40,102885,102886,102888,102890,102892],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,102887,101],{"class":84},[40,102889,88],{"class":54},[40,102891,497],{"class":91},[40,102893,95],{"class":54},[40,102895,102896],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,102897,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,102899,102900,102902,102904,102906,102908,102910,102912,102914,102916],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,102901,497],{"class":46},[40,102903,289],{"class":54},[40,102905,34557],{"class":91},[40,102907,88],{"class":54},[40,102909,213],{"class":212},[40,102911,3871],{"class":216},[40,102913,213],{"class":212},[40,102915,18],{"class":54},[40,102917,102918],{"class":3449},"    # removes existing item\n",[40,102920,102921,102923,102925,102927],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,102922,101],{"class":84},[40,102924,88],{"class":54},[40,102926,497],{"class":91},[40,102928,95],{"class":54},[20,102930,111],{},[31,102932,102934],{"className":33,"code":102933,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102935,102936,102956],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102937,102938,102940,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952,102954],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102939,9048],{"class":54},[40,102941,3087],{"class":212},[40,102943,3862],{"class":216},[40,102945,3087],{"class":212},[40,102947,62],{"class":54},[40,102949,3082],{"class":212},[40,102951,3871],{"class":216},[40,102953,3087],{"class":212},[40,102955,9079],{"class":54},[40,102957,102958,102960,102962,102964,102966],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,102959,9048],{"class":54},[40,102961,3087],{"class":212},[40,102963,3862],{"class":216},[40,102965,3087],{"class":212},[40,102967,9079],{"class":54},[20,102969,40098,102970,102972,102973,102975],{},[15,102971,55272],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[282,102974,10845],{"href":10844}," for more help with that case.",[129,102977,102979],{"id":102978},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,102981,102982,398,102984,289],{},[15,102983,102456],{},[15,102985,3565],{},[20,102987,102988],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[31,102990,102992],{"className":33,"code":102991,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,102993,102994,103026,103048,103052],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,102995,102996,102998,103000,103002,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018,103020,103022,103024],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,102997,309],{"class":46},[40,102999,51],{"class":50},[40,103001,10260],{"class":54},[40,103003,213],{"class":212},[40,103005,318],{"class":216},[40,103007,213],{"class":212},[40,103009,62],{"class":54},[40,103011,224],{"class":212},[40,103013,336],{"class":216},[40,103015,213],{"class":212},[40,103017,62],{"class":54},[40,103019,224],{"class":212},[40,103021,327],{"class":216},[40,103023,213],{"class":212},[40,103025,9079],{"class":54},[40,103027,103028,103030,103032,103034,103036,103038,103040,103042,103044,103046],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,103029,2013],{"class":46},[40,103031,51],{"class":50},[40,103033,12890],{"class":46},[40,103035,289],{"class":54},[40,103037,102523],{"class":91},[40,103039,88],{"class":54},[40,103041,213],{"class":212},[40,103043,336],{"class":216},[40,103045,213],{"class":212},[40,103047,95],{"class":54},[40,103049,103050],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,103051,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,103053,103054,103056,103058,103060],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,103055,101],{"class":84},[40,103057,88],{"class":54},[40,103059,2048],{"class":91},[40,103061,95],{"class":54},[20,103063,111],{},[31,103065,103066],{"className":33,"code":11577,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,103067,103068],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103069,103070],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103071,11577],{"class":1494},[20,103073,103074,103075,2669],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103076,353],{},[31,103078,103080],{"className":33,"code":103079,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103081,103082,103114,103132,103136],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103083,103084,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106,103108,103110,103112],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103085,309],{"class":46},[40,103087,51],{"class":50},[40,103089,10260],{"class":54},[40,103091,213],{"class":212},[40,103093,318],{"class":216},[40,103095,213],{"class":212},[40,103097,62],{"class":54},[40,103099,224],{"class":212},[40,103101,336],{"class":216},[40,103103,213],{"class":212},[40,103105,62],{"class":54},[40,103107,224],{"class":212},[40,103109,327],{"class":216},[40,103111,213],{"class":212},[40,103113,9079],{"class":54},[40,103115,103116,103118,103120,103122,103124,103126,103128,103130],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,103117,353],{"class":46},[40,103119,289],{"class":54},[40,103121,102523],{"class":91},[40,103123,88],{"class":54},[40,103125,213],{"class":212},[40,103127,336],{"class":216},[40,103129,213],{"class":212},[40,103131,95],{"class":54},[40,103133,103134],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,103135,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,103137,103138,103140,103142,103144],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,103139,101],{"class":84},[40,103141,88],{"class":54},[40,103143,353],{"class":91},[40,103145,95],{"class":54},[20,103147,111],{},[31,103149,103151],{"className":33,"code":103150,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103152,103153],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103154,103155,103157,103159,103161,103163,103165,103167,103169,103171],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103156,9048],{"class":54},[40,103158,3087],{"class":212},[40,103160,318],{"class":216},[40,103162,3087],{"class":212},[40,103164,62],{"class":54},[40,103166,3082],{"class":212},[40,103168,327],{"class":216},[40,103170,3087],{"class":212},[40,103172,9079],{"class":54},[129,103174,11245],{"id":11244},[20,103176,103177],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[31,103179,103181],{"className":33,"code":103180,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103182,103183,103215,103219,103237,103241,103259,103263],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103184,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207,103209,103211,103213],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103186,35995],{"class":46},[40,103188,51],{"class":50},[40,103190,10260],{"class":54},[40,103192,213],{"class":212},[40,103194,3862],{"class":216},[40,103196,213],{"class":212},[40,103198,62],{"class":54},[40,103200,224],{"class":212},[40,103202,3871],{"class":216},[40,103204,213],{"class":212},[40,103206,62],{"class":54},[40,103208,224],{"class":212},[40,103210,32982],{"class":216},[40,103212,213],{"class":212},[40,103214,9079],{"class":54},[40,103216,103217],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,103218,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,103220,103221,103223,103225,103227,103229,103231,103233,103235],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,103222,101],{"class":84},[40,103224,88],{"class":54},[40,103226,213],{"class":212},[40,103228,11334],{"class":216},[40,103230,213],{"class":212},[40,103232,62],{"class":54},[40,103234,52596],{"class":91},[40,103236,95],{"class":54},[40,103238,103239],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,103240,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,103242,103243,103245,103247,103249,103251,103253,103255,103257],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,103244,36047],{"class":46},[40,103246,289],{"class":54},[40,103248,102523],{"class":91},[40,103250,88],{"class":54},[40,103252,213],{"class":212},[40,103254,3871],{"class":216},[40,103256,213],{"class":212},[40,103258,95],{"class":54},[40,103260,103261],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,103262,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,103264,103265,103267,103269,103271,103273,103275,103277,103279],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,103266,101],{"class":84},[40,103268,88],{"class":54},[40,103270,213],{"class":212},[40,103272,11374],{"class":216},[40,103274,213],{"class":212},[40,103276,62],{"class":54},[40,103278,52596],{"class":91},[40,103280,95],{"class":54},[20,103282,111],{},[31,103284,103286],{"className":33,"code":103285,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103287,103288,103320],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103289,103290,103292,103294,103296,103298,103300,103302,103304,103306,103308,103310,103312,103314,103316,103318],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103291,11394],{"class":46},[40,103293,2669],{"class":54},[40,103295,10260],{"class":54},[40,103297,3087],{"class":212},[40,103299,3871],{"class":216},[40,103301,3087],{"class":212},[40,103303,62],{"class":54},[40,103305,3082],{"class":212},[40,103307,3862],{"class":216},[40,103309,3087],{"class":212},[40,103311,62],{"class":54},[40,103313,3082],{"class":212},[40,103315,32982],{"class":216},[40,103317,3087],{"class":212},[40,103319,9079],{"class":54},[40,103321,103322,103324,103326,103328,103330,103332,103334,103336,103338,103340,103342],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,103323,11447],{"class":46},[40,103325,2669],{"class":54},[40,103327,10260],{"class":54},[40,103329,3087],{"class":212},[40,103331,3862],{"class":216},[40,103333,3087],{"class":212},[40,103335,62],{"class":54},[40,103337,3082],{"class":212},[40,103339,32982],{"class":216},[40,103341,3087],{"class":212},[40,103343,9079],{"class":54},[20,103345,103346],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[129,103348,103350],{"id":103349},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103352,103353,103354,103356],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103355,102456],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[31,103358,103360],{"className":33,"code":103359,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103361,103362,103394,103398,103416,103420],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103363,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378,103380,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103365,35995],{"class":46},[40,103367,51],{"class":50},[40,103369,10260],{"class":54},[40,103371,213],{"class":212},[40,103373,3862],{"class":216},[40,103375,213],{"class":212},[40,103377,62],{"class":54},[40,103379,224],{"class":212},[40,103381,3871],{"class":216},[40,103383,213],{"class":212},[40,103385,62],{"class":54},[40,103387,224],{"class":212},[40,103389,32982],{"class":216},[40,103391,213],{"class":212},[40,103393,9079],{"class":54},[40,103395,103396],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,103397,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,103399,103400,103402,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,103401,36047],{"class":46},[40,103403,289],{"class":54},[40,103405,102523],{"class":91},[40,103407,88],{"class":54},[40,103409,213],{"class":212},[40,103411,22294],{"class":216},[40,103413,213],{"class":212},[40,103415,95],{"class":54},[40,103417,103418],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,103419,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,103421,103422,103424,103426,103428],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,103423,101],{"class":84},[40,103425,88],{"class":54},[40,103427,36047],{"class":91},[40,103429,95],{"class":54},[20,103431,111],{},[31,103433,103435],{"className":33,"code":103434,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103436,103437],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103438,103439,103441,103443,103445,103447,103449,103451,103453,103455,103457,103459,103461,103463],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103440,9048],{"class":54},[40,103442,3087],{"class":212},[40,103444,3871],{"class":216},[40,103446,3087],{"class":212},[40,103448,62],{"class":54},[40,103450,3082],{"class":212},[40,103452,3862],{"class":216},[40,103454,3087],{"class":212},[40,103456,62],{"class":54},[40,103458,3082],{"class":212},[40,103460,32982],{"class":216},[40,103462,3087],{"class":212},[40,103464,9079],{"class":54},[20,103466,103467],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103469,103470],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[31,103472,103474],{"className":33,"code":103473,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103475,103476,103492],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103477,103478,103480,103482,103484,103486,103488,103490],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103479,536],{"class":535},[40,103481,224],{"class":212},[40,103483,22294],{"class":216},[40,103485,213],{"class":212},[40,103487,20934],{"class":50},[40,103489,52596],{"class":46},[40,103491,553],{"class":54},[40,103493,103494,103497,103499,103501,103503,103505,103507,103509],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,103495,103496],{"class":46},"    fruits",[40,103498,289],{"class":54},[40,103500,34557],{"class":91},[40,103502,88],{"class":54},[40,103504,213],{"class":212},[40,103506,22294],{"class":216},[40,103508,213],{"class":212},[40,103510,95],{"class":54},[20,103512,103513,103514,103516],{},"With ",[15,103515,102456],{},", you can simply write:",[31,103518,103520],{"className":33,"code":103519,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103521,103522],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103523,103524,103526,103528,103530,103532,103534,103536,103538],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103525,36047],{"class":46},[40,103527,289],{"class":54},[40,103529,102523],{"class":91},[40,103531,88],{"class":54},[40,103533,213],{"class":212},[40,103535,22294],{"class":216},[40,103537,213],{"class":212},[40,103539,95],{"class":54},[129,103541,1345,103543],{"id":103542},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103544,102456],{},[20,103546,123,103547,10371],{},[15,103548,102456],{},[134,103550,103551,103554,103557],{},[137,103552,103553],{},"Missing values are normal",[137,103555,103556],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[137,103558,103559],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103561,103562],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[129,103564,2613],{"id":2612},[20,103566,8217,103567,289],{},[15,103568,102456],{},[792,103570,8223,103572,103574],{"id":103571},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103573,102456],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103576,4307],{},[31,103578,103580],{"className":33,"code":103579,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103581,103582,103602,103620,103624],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103583,103584,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598,103600],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103585,47],{"class":46},[40,103587,51],{"class":50},[40,103589,10260],{"class":54},[40,103591,658],{"class":58},[40,103593,62],{"class":54},[40,103595,663],{"class":58},[40,103597,62],{"class":54},[40,103599,749],{"class":58},[40,103601,9079],{"class":54},[40,103603,103604,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614,103616,103618],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,103605,47],{"class":46},[40,103607,51],{"class":50},[40,103609,4045],{"class":46},[40,103611,289],{"class":54},[40,103613,102523],{"class":91},[40,103615,88],{"class":54},[40,103617,744],{"class":58},[40,103619,95],{"class":54},[40,103621,103622],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,103623,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,103625,103626,103628,103630,103632],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,103627,101],{"class":84},[40,103629,88],{"class":54},[40,103631,92],{"class":91},[40,103633,95],{"class":54},[20,103635,103636,41908,103638,8371,103640,398,103642,289],{},[15,103637,92],{},[15,103639,3565],{},[15,103641,102456],{},[15,103643,3565],{},[20,103645,1165],{},[31,103647,103649],{"className":33,"code":103648,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103650,103651,103671,103685,103689],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103652,103653,103655,103657,103659,103661,103663,103665,103667,103669],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103654,47],{"class":46},[40,103656,51],{"class":50},[40,103658,10260],{"class":54},[40,103660,658],{"class":58},[40,103662,62],{"class":54},[40,103664,663],{"class":58},[40,103666,62],{"class":54},[40,103668,749],{"class":58},[40,103670,9079],{"class":54},[40,103672,103673,103675,103677,103679,103681,103683],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,103674,92],{"class":46},[40,103676,289],{"class":54},[40,103678,102523],{"class":91},[40,103680,88],{"class":54},[40,103682,744],{"class":58},[40,103684,95],{"class":54},[40,103686,103687],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,103688,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,103690,103691,103693,103695,103697],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,103692,101],{"class":84},[40,103694,88],{"class":54},[40,103696,92],{"class":91},[40,103698,95],{"class":54},[792,103700,36960,103702,8475,103704],{"id":103701},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103703,102456],{},[15,103705,55272],{},[20,103707,103708,103709,289],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103710,102456],{},[31,103712,103714],{"className":33,"code":103713,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103715,103716,103748,103769],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103717,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732,103734,103736,103738,103740,103742,103744,103746],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103719,1000],{"class":46},[40,103721,51],{"class":50},[40,103723,10260],{"class":54},[40,103725,213],{"class":212},[40,103727,282],{"class":216},[40,103729,213],{"class":212},[40,103731,62],{"class":54},[40,103733,224],{"class":212},[40,103735,1017],{"class":216},[40,103737,213],{"class":212},[40,103739,62],{"class":54},[40,103741,224],{"class":212},[40,103743,1026],{"class":216},[40,103745,213],{"class":212},[40,103747,9079],{"class":54},[40,103749,103750,103752,103754,103756,103758,103760,103762,103764,103766],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,103751,1043],{"class":46},[40,103753,289],{"class":54},[40,103755,102523],{"class":91},[40,103757,88],{"class":54},[40,103759,213],{"class":212},[40,103761,21838],{"class":216},[40,103763,213],{"class":212},[40,103765,18],{"class":54},[40,103767,103768],{"class":3449},"   # safe\n",[40,103770,103771,103773,103775,103777],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,103772,101],{"class":84},[40,103774,88],{"class":54},[40,103776,1043],{"class":91},[40,103778,95],{"class":54},[20,103780,103781,103782,45661,103785,289],{},"If you use ",[15,103783,103784],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103786,19448],{},[792,103788,25379,103790,103792],{"id":103789},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103791,102456],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103794,103795,101809],{},[15,103796,102456],{},[20,103798,807],{},[31,103800,103802],{"className":33,"code":103801,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103803,103804,103824],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103805,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814,103816,103818,103820,103822],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103807,479],{"class":46},[40,103809,51],{"class":50},[40,103811,55],{"class":54},[40,103813,658],{"class":58},[40,103815,62],{"class":54},[40,103817,663],{"class":58},[40,103819,62],{"class":54},[40,103821,749],{"class":58},[40,103823,73],{"class":54},[40,103825,103826,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,103827,497],{"class":46},[40,103829,289],{"class":54},[40,103831,102523],{"class":91},[40,103833,88],{"class":54},[40,103835,744],{"class":58},[40,103837,95],{"class":54},[20,103839,103840,103841,2669],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103842,102456],{},[31,103844,103846],{"className":33,"code":103845,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103847,103848,103868,103882],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103849,103850,103852,103854,103856,103858,103860,103862,103864,103866],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103851,479],{"class":46},[40,103853,51],{"class":50},[40,103855,10260],{"class":54},[40,103857,658],{"class":58},[40,103859,62],{"class":54},[40,103861,663],{"class":58},[40,103863,62],{"class":54},[40,103865,749],{"class":58},[40,103867,9079],{"class":54},[40,103869,103870,103872,103874,103876,103878,103880],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,103871,497],{"class":46},[40,103873,289],{"class":54},[40,103875,102523],{"class":91},[40,103877,88],{"class":54},[40,103879,744],{"class":58},[40,103881,95],{"class":54},[40,103883,103884,103886,103888,103890],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,103885,101],{"class":84},[40,103887,88],{"class":54},[40,103889,497],{"class":91},[40,103891,95],{"class":54},[792,103893,103895],{"id":103894},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103897,103898],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103900,2620],{},[31,103902,103904],{"className":33,"code":103903,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103905,103906,103926],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103907,103908,103910,103912,103914,103916,103918,103920,103922,103924],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103909,650],{"class":46},[40,103911,51],{"class":50},[40,103913,10260],{"class":54},[40,103915,658],{"class":58},[40,103917,62],{"class":54},[40,103919,663],{"class":58},[40,103921,62],{"class":54},[40,103923,749],{"class":58},[40,103925,9079],{"class":54},[40,103927,103928,103930,103932,103934,103936,103938],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,103929,703],{"class":46},[40,103931,289],{"class":54},[40,103933,102523],{"class":91},[40,103935,2771],{"class":54},[40,103937,744],{"class":58},[40,103939,570],{"class":54},[20,103941,103942],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[129,103944,8643],{"id":8642},[20,103946,8646,103947,103949],{},[15,103948,102456],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[31,103951,103953],{"className":33,"code":103952,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103954,103955,103965,103979,103993],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,103956,103957,103959,103961,103963],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,103958,101],{"class":84},[40,103960,88],{"class":54},[40,103962,15433],{"class":91},[40,103964,95],{"class":54},[40,103966,103967,103969,103971,103973,103975,103977],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,103968,101],{"class":84},[40,103970,88],{"class":54},[40,103972,1297],{"class":609},[40,103974,88],{"class":54},[40,103976,15433],{"class":91},[40,103978,256],{"class":54},[40,103980,103981,103983,103985,103987,103989,103991],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,103982,101],{"class":84},[40,103984,88],{"class":54},[40,103986,2230],{"class":91},[40,103988,1554],{"class":535},[40,103990,96526],{"class":91},[40,103992,95],{"class":54},[40,103994,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003,104005],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,103996,31913],{"class":84},[40,103998,88],{"class":54},[40,104000,6064],{"class":609},[40,104002,289],{"class":54},[40,104004,102523],{"class":24512},[40,104006,95],{"class":54},[20,104008,10939],{},[134,104010,104011,104014,104017,104020],{},[137,104012,104013],{},"What is currently in the set",[137,104015,104016],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[137,104018,104019],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[137,104021,104022],{},"How Python documents the method",[129,104024,1636],{"id":1635},[792,104026,104028],{"id":104027},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104030,104031,104032,104034],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104033,102456],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[792,104036,1650,104038,1654],{"id":104037},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104039,102461],{},[20,104041,1657,104042,104044],{},[15,104043,3565],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[792,104046,4957,104048,4176,104050,2275],{"id":104047},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104049,102456],{},[15,104051,55272],{},[20,104053,104054,104055,26299,104057,104059,104060,104062],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104056,55272],{},[15,104058,19448],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104061,102456],{}," does not.",[792,104064,1671,104066,104068],{"id":104065},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104067,102456],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104070,46118,104071,104073],{},[15,104072,102456],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[129,104075,1687],{"id":1686},[134,104077,104078,104084,104090,104095,104099],{},[137,104079,104080],{},[282,104081,96416,104082,10510],{"href":97811},[15,104083,55272],{},[137,104085,104086],{},[282,104087,96416,104088,10510],{"href":97816},[15,104089,12532],{},[137,104091,104092],{},[282,104093,104094],{"href":97485},"Python set: creating a set",[137,104096,104097],{},[282,104098,99951],{"href":98393},[137,104100,104101],{},[282,104102,11031],{"href":10844},[1715,104104,104105],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":104107},[104108,104109,104111,104114,104119,104120,104121,104122,104124,104133,104134,104143],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":102633,"depth":76,"text":104110},"What set.discard() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940,"children":104112},[104113],{"id":102706,"depth":98,"text":102707},{"id":102786,"depth":76,"text":104115,"children":104116},"What makes discard() different",[104117],{"id":102825,"depth":98,"text":104118},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":102978,"depth":76,"text":102979},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":103349,"depth":76,"text":103350},{"id":103542,"depth":76,"text":104123},"When to use discard()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":104125},[104126,104128,104130,104132],{"id":103571,"depth":98,"text":104127},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103701,"depth":98,"text":104129},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103789,"depth":98,"text":104131},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103894,"depth":98,"text":103895},{"id":8642,"depth":76,"text":8643},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":104135},[104136,104137,104139,104141],{"id":104027,"depth":98,"text":104028},{"id":104037,"depth":98,"text":104138},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104047,"depth":98,"text":104140},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104065,"depth":98,"text":104142},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102448,"description":104144},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104151,"title":104152,"body":104153,"description":106159,"extension":1746,"meta":106160,"navigation":360,"path":106161,"seo":106162,"stem":106163,"__hash__":106164},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104154,"toc":106117},[104155,104158,104166,104171,104182,104184,104239,104243,104263,104268,104272,104277,104279,104293,104295,104370,104372,104405,104410,104415,104417,104419,104434,104437,104445,104450,104465,104467,104556,104558,104647,104653,104657,104659,104697,104699,104723,104726,104741,104743,104798,104800,104833,104835,104840,104844,104848,104853,104918,104920,104940,104946,104950,105007,105009,105030,105034,105039,105084,105086,105119,105122,105126,105159,105161,105190,105194,105198,105201,105203,105222,105224,105270,105275,105289,105291,105322,105327,105330,105374,105376,105404,105408,105412,105428,105431,105496,105498,105510,105513,105517,105520,105525,105553,105555,105573,105579,105618,105620,105638,105644,105673,105675,105693,105696,105713,105715,105720,105724,105727,105753,105760,105765,105780,105789,105793,105796,105827,105833,105836,105845,105848,105850,105852,105910,105913,105938,105940,105944,105947,105951,105959,105963,105966,105970,105973,105975,105998,106000,106041,106048,106056,106059,106090,106092,106114],[10,104156,104152],{"id":104157},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104159,8894,104160,104162,104163,289],{},[15,104161,3584],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[183,104164,104165],{},"unique values only",[20,104167,35169,104168,104170],{},[15,104169,3584],{}," to:",[134,104172,104173,104176,104179],{},[137,104174,104175],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[137,104177,104178],{},"check whether a value exists",[137,104180,104181],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[129,104183,1787],{"id":1786},[31,104185,104187],{"className":33,"code":104186,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104188,104189,104213,104228],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104190,104191,104193,104195,104197,104199,104201,104203,104205,104207,104209,104211],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104192,47],{"class":46},[40,104194,51],{"class":50},[40,104196,55],{"class":54},[40,104198,658],{"class":58},[40,104200,62],{"class":54},[40,104202,663],{"class":58},[40,104204,62],{"class":54},[40,104206,663],{"class":58},[40,104208,62],{"class":54},[40,104210,749],{"class":58},[40,104212,73],{"class":54},[40,104214,104215,104218,104220,104222,104224,104226],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,104216,104217],{"class":46},"unique_numbers ",[40,104219,51],{"class":50},[40,104221,15400],{"class":609},[40,104223,88],{"class":54},[40,104225,92],{"class":91},[40,104227,95],{"class":54},[40,104229,104230,104232,104234,104237],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,104231,101],{"class":84},[40,104233,88],{"class":54},[40,104235,104236],{"class":91},"unique_numbers",[40,104238,95],{"class":54},[20,104240,104241],{},[183,104242,111],{},[31,104244,104245],{"className":33,"code":96209,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,104246,104247],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104248,104249,104251,104253,104255,104257,104259,104261],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104250,9048],{"class":54},[40,104252,658],{"class":58},[40,104254,62],{"class":54},[40,104256,663],{"class":58},[40,104258,62],{"class":54},[40,104260,749],{"class":58},[40,104262,9079],{"class":54},[20,104264,123,104265,104267],{},[15,104266,3584],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[129,104269,104271],{"id":104270},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104273,104274,104276],{},[15,104275,3584],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104278,30300],{},[134,104280,104281,104284,104287,104290],{},[137,104282,104283],{},"A set stores unique items only",[137,104285,104286],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[137,104288,104289],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[137,104291,104292],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104294,195],{},[31,104296,104298],{"className":33,"code":104297,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104299,104300,104340,104355,104359],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104301,104302,104304,104306,104308,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324,104326,104328,104330,104332,104334,104336,104338],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104303,309],{"class":46},[40,104305,51],{"class":50},[40,104307,55],{"class":54},[40,104309,213],{"class":212},[40,104311,318],{"class":216},[40,104313,213],{"class":212},[40,104315,62],{"class":54},[40,104317,224],{"class":212},[40,104319,336],{"class":216},[40,104321,213],{"class":212},[40,104323,62],{"class":54},[40,104325,224],{"class":212},[40,104327,318],{"class":216},[40,104329,213],{"class":212},[40,104331,62],{"class":54},[40,104333,224],{"class":212},[40,104335,327],{"class":216},[40,104337,213],{"class":212},[40,104339,73],{"class":54},[40,104341,104342,104345,104347,104349,104351,104353],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,104343,104344],{"class":46},"unique_colors ",[40,104346,51],{"class":50},[40,104348,15400],{"class":609},[40,104350,88],{"class":54},[40,104352,353],{"class":91},[40,104354,95],{"class":54},[40,104356,104357],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,104358,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,104360,104361,104363,104365,104368],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,104362,101],{"class":84},[40,104364,88],{"class":54},[40,104366,104367],{"class":91},"unique_colors",[40,104369,95],{"class":54},[20,104371,29790],{},[31,104373,104375],{"className":33,"code":104374,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104376,104377],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104378,104379,104381,104383,104385,104387,104389,104391,104393,104395,104397,104399,104401,104403],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104380,9048],{"class":54},[40,104382,3087],{"class":212},[40,104384,336],{"class":216},[40,104386,3087],{"class":212},[40,104388,62],{"class":54},[40,104390,3082],{"class":212},[40,104392,327],{"class":216},[40,104394,3087],{"class":212},[40,104396,62],{"class":54},[40,104398,3082],{"class":212},[40,104400,318],{"class":216},[40,104402,3087],{"class":212},[40,104404,9079],{"class":54},[20,104406,2070,104407,104409],{},[15,104408,65130],{}," appears only once.",[20,104411,104412,104413,289],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[282,104414,95930],{"href":95929},[129,104416,1940],{"id":1939},[20,104418,1943],{},[31,104420,104422],{"className":33,"code":104421,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104423,104424],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104425,104426,104428,104430,104432],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104427,6064],{"class":609},[40,104429,88],{"class":54},[40,104431,3507],{"class":91},[40,104433,95],{"class":54},[20,104435,104436],{},"The argument is optional.",[134,104438,104439,104442],{},[137,104440,104441],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[137,104443,104444],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104446,104447,104448,2669],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104449,3584],{},[134,104451,104452,104454,104456,104458,104462],{},[137,104453,610],{},[137,104455,48705],{},[137,104457,60913],{},[137,104459,104460],{},[15,104461,35954],{},[137,104463,104464],{},"another set",[20,104466,1908],{},[31,104468,104470],{"className":33,"code":104469,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104471,104472,104498,104520,104538],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104473,104474,104476,104478,104480,104482,104484,104486,104488,104490,104492,104494,104496],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104475,101],{"class":84},[40,104477,88],{"class":54},[40,104479,6064],{"class":609},[40,104481,2771],{"class":54},[40,104483,658],{"class":58},[40,104485,62],{"class":54},[40,104487,663],{"class":58},[40,104489,62],{"class":54},[40,104491,663],{"class":58},[40,104493,62],{"class":54},[40,104495,749],{"class":58},[40,104497,2784],{"class":54},[40,104499,104500,104502,104504,104506,104508,104510,104512,104514,104516,104518],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,104501,101],{"class":84},[40,104503,88],{"class":54},[40,104505,6064],{"class":609},[40,104507,5289],{"class":54},[40,104509,59],{"class":58},[40,104511,62],{"class":54},[40,104513,65],{"class":58},[40,104515,62],{"class":54},[40,104517,5781],{"class":58},[40,104519,2697],{"class":54},[40,104521,104522,104524,104526,104528,104530,104532,104534,104536],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,104523,101],{"class":84},[40,104525,88],{"class":54},[40,104527,6064],{"class":609},[40,104529,88],{"class":54},[40,104531,213],{"class":212},[40,104533,3632],{"class":216},[40,104535,213],{"class":212},[40,104537,256],{"class":54},[40,104539,104540,104542,104544,104546,104548,104550,104552,104554],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,104541,101],{"class":84},[40,104543,88],{"class":54},[40,104545,6064],{"class":609},[40,104547,88],{"class":54},[40,104549,59738],{"class":84},[40,104551,88],{"class":54},[40,104553,2288],{"class":58},[40,104555,2697],{"class":54},[20,104557,29790],{},[31,104559,104561],{"className":33,"code":104560,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104562,104563,104579,104591,104627],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104564,104565,104567,104569,104571,104573,104575,104577],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104566,9048],{"class":54},[40,104568,658],{"class":58},[40,104570,62],{"class":54},[40,104572,663],{"class":58},[40,104574,62],{"class":54},[40,104576,749],{"class":58},[40,104578,9079],{"class":54},[40,104580,104581,104583,104585,104587,104589],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,104582,9048],{"class":54},[40,104584,59],{"class":58},[40,104586,62],{"class":54},[40,104588,65],{"class":58},[40,104590,9079],{"class":54},[40,104592,104593,104595,104597,104599,104601,104603,104605,104607,104609,104611,104613,104615,104617,104619,104621,104623,104625],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,104594,9048],{"class":54},[40,104596,3087],{"class":212},[40,104598,60178],{"class":216},[40,104600,3087],{"class":212},[40,104602,62],{"class":54},[40,104604,3082],{"class":212},[40,104606,60187],{"class":216},[40,104608,3087],{"class":212},[40,104610,62],{"class":54},[40,104612,3082],{"class":212},[40,104614,60196],{"class":216},[40,104616,3087],{"class":212},[40,104618,62],{"class":54},[40,104620,3082],{"class":212},[40,104622,60213],{"class":216},[40,104624,3087],{"class":212},[40,104626,9079],{"class":54},[40,104628,104629,104631,104633,104635,104637,104639,104641,104643,104645],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,104630,9048],{"class":54},[40,104632,192],{"class":58},[40,104634,62],{"class":54},[40,104636,1226],{"class":58},[40,104638,62],{"class":54},[40,104640,663],{"class":58},[40,104642,62],{"class":54},[40,104644,749],{"class":58},[40,104646,9079],{"class":54},[20,104648,104649,104650,289],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[282,104651,104652],{"href":64587},"Python list() function explained",[129,104654,104656],{"id":104655},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104658,97882],{},[31,104660,104661],{"className":33,"code":98847,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,104662,104663,104673,104683],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104664,104665,104667,104669,104671],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104666,97892],{"class":46},[40,104668,51],{"class":50},[40,104670,15400],{"class":609},[40,104672,8413],{"class":54},[40,104674,104675,104677,104679,104681],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,104676,101],{"class":84},[40,104678,88],{"class":54},[40,104680,97911],{"class":91},[40,104682,95],{"class":54},[40,104684,104685,104687,104689,104691,104693,104695],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,104686,101],{"class":84},[40,104688,88],{"class":54},[40,104690,1297],{"class":609},[40,104692,88],{"class":54},[40,104694,97911],{"class":91},[40,104696,256],{"class":54},[20,104698,111],{},[31,104700,104701],{"className":33,"code":98890,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,104702,104703,104709],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104704,104705,104707],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104706,6064],{"class":609},[40,104708,8413],{"class":54},[40,104710,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,104712,3076],{"class":50},[40,104714,3079],{"class":1848},[40,104716,3082],{"class":212},[40,104718,6064],{"class":216},[40,104720,3087],{"class":212},[40,104722,3090],{"class":50},[20,104724,104725],{},"This is important because:",[134,104727,104728,104733],{},[137,104729,104730,104732],{},[15,104731,3584],{}," creates an empty set",[137,104734,104735,104737,104738,104740],{},[15,104736,3579],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[183,104739,185],{}," a set",[20,104742,195],{},[31,104744,104746],{"className":33,"code":104745,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104747,104748,104758,104766,104770,104784],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104749,104750,104752,104754,104756],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104751,1384],{"class":46},[40,104753,51],{"class":50},[40,104755,15400],{"class":609},[40,104757,8413],{"class":54},[40,104759,104760,104762,104764],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,104761,1405],{"class":46},[40,104763,51],{"class":50},[40,104765,9607],{"class":54},[40,104767,104768],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,104769,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,104771,104772,104774,104776,104778,104780,104782],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,104773,101],{"class":84},[40,104775,88],{"class":54},[40,104777,1297],{"class":609},[40,104779,88],{"class":54},[40,104781,282],{"class":91},[40,104783,256],{"class":54},[40,104785,104786,104788,104790,104792,104794,104796],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,104787,101],{"class":84},[40,104789,88],{"class":54},[40,104791,1297],{"class":609},[40,104793,88],{"class":54},[40,104795,1017],{"class":91},[40,104797,256],{"class":54},[20,104799,111],{},[31,104801,104803],{"className":33,"code":104802,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104804,104805,104819],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104806,104807,104809,104811,104813,104815,104817],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104808,3076],{"class":50},[40,104810,3079],{"class":1848},[40,104812,3082],{"class":212},[40,104814,6064],{"class":216},[40,104816,3087],{"class":212},[40,104818,3090],{"class":50},[40,104820,104821,104823,104825,104827,104829,104831],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,104822,3076],{"class":50},[40,104824,3079],{"class":1848},[40,104826,3082],{"class":212},[40,104828,8592],{"class":216},[40,104830,3087],{"class":212},[40,104832,3090],{"class":50},[20,104834,13816],{},[20,104836,104837,104838,289],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[282,104839,104094],{"href":95933},[129,104841,104843],{"id":104842},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[792,104845,104847],{"id":104846},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104849,104850,104851,289],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104852,3584],{},[31,104854,104856],{"className":33,"code":104855,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104857,104858,104890,104904,104908],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104859,104860,104862,104864,104866,104868,104870,104872,104874,104876,104878,104880,104882,104884,104886,104888],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104861,47],{"class":46},[40,104863,51],{"class":50},[40,104865,55],{"class":54},[40,104867,658],{"class":58},[40,104869,62],{"class":54},[40,104871,663],{"class":58},[40,104873,62],{"class":54},[40,104875,663],{"class":58},[40,104877,62],{"class":54},[40,104879,749],{"class":58},[40,104881,62],{"class":54},[40,104883,749],{"class":58},[40,104885,62],{"class":54},[40,104887,749],{"class":58},[40,104889,73],{"class":54},[40,104891,104892,104894,104896,104898,104900,104902],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,104893,2013],{"class":46},[40,104895,51],{"class":50},[40,104897,15400],{"class":609},[40,104899,88],{"class":54},[40,104901,92],{"class":91},[40,104903,95],{"class":54},[40,104905,104906],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,104907,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,104909,104910,104912,104914,104916],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,104911,101],{"class":84},[40,104913,88],{"class":54},[40,104915,2048],{"class":91},[40,104917,95],{"class":54},[20,104919,111],{},[31,104921,104922],{"className":33,"code":96209,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,104923,104924],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104925,104926,104928,104930,104932,104934,104936,104938],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104927,9048],{"class":54},[40,104929,658],{"class":58},[40,104931,62],{"class":54},[40,104933,663],{"class":58},[40,104935,62],{"class":54},[40,104937,749],{"class":58},[40,104939,9079],{"class":54},[20,104941,104942,104943,289],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[282,104944,98680],{"href":104945},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[792,104947,104949],{"id":104948},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[31,104951,104953],{"className":33,"code":104952,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104954,104955,104979,104993,104997],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,104956,104957,104959,104961,104963,104965,104967,104969,104971,104973,104975,104977],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,104958,3610],{"class":46},[40,104960,51],{"class":50},[40,104962,9006],{"class":54},[40,104964,682],{"class":58},[40,104966,62],{"class":54},[40,104968,4387],{"class":58},[40,104970,62],{"class":54},[40,104972,5781],{"class":58},[40,104974,62],{"class":54},[40,104976,37692],{"class":58},[40,104978,95],{"class":54},[40,104980,104981,104983,104985,104987,104989,104991],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,104982,2013],{"class":46},[40,104984,51],{"class":50},[40,104986,15400],{"class":609},[40,104988,88],{"class":54},[40,104990,5137],{"class":91},[40,104992,95],{"class":54},[40,104994,104995],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,104996,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,104998,104999,105001,105003,105005],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,105000,101],{"class":84},[40,105002,88],{"class":54},[40,105004,2048],{"class":91},[40,105006,95],{"class":54},[20,105008,111],{},[31,105010,105012],{"className":33,"code":105011,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105013,105014],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105015,105016,105018,105020,105022,105024,105026,105028],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105017,9048],{"class":54},[40,105019,682],{"class":58},[40,105021,62],{"class":54},[40,105023,5781],{"class":58},[40,105025,62],{"class":54},[40,105027,37692],{"class":58},[40,105029,9079],{"class":54},[792,105031,105033],{"id":105032},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105035,50879,105036,105038],{},[15,105037,3584],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[31,105040,105042],{"className":33,"code":105041,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105043,105044,105056,105070,105074],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105045,105046,105048,105050,105052,105054],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105047,34450],{"class":46},[40,105049,51],{"class":50},[40,105051,224],{"class":212},[40,105053,3871],{"class":216},[40,105055,3146],{"class":212},[40,105057,105058,105060,105062,105064,105066,105068],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,105059,2013],{"class":46},[40,105061,51],{"class":50},[40,105063,15400],{"class":609},[40,105065,88],{"class":54},[40,105067,34471],{"class":91},[40,105069,95],{"class":54},[40,105071,105072],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,105073,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,105075,105076,105078,105080,105082],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,105077,101],{"class":84},[40,105079,88],{"class":54},[40,105081,2048],{"class":91},[40,105083,95],{"class":54},[20,105085,29790],{},[31,105087,105089],{"className":33,"code":105088,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105090,105091],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105092,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105,105107,105109,105111,105113,105115,105117],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105094,9048],{"class":54},[40,105096,3087],{"class":212},[40,105098,1017],{"class":216},[40,105100,3087],{"class":212},[40,105102,62],{"class":54},[40,105104,3082],{"class":212},[40,105106,282],{"class":216},[40,105108,3087],{"class":212},[40,105110,62],{"class":54},[40,105112,3082],{"class":212},[40,105114,75629],{"class":216},[40,105116,3087],{"class":212},[40,105118,9079],{"class":54},[20,105120,105121],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[792,105123,105125],{"id":105124},"from-range","From range()",[31,105127,105129],{"className":33,"code":105128,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105130,105131,105149],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105132,105133,105135,105137,105139,105141,105143,105145,105147],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105134,2013],{"class":46},[40,105136,51],{"class":50},[40,105138,15400],{"class":609},[40,105140,88],{"class":54},[40,105142,59738],{"class":84},[40,105144,88],{"class":54},[40,105146,682],{"class":58},[40,105148,256],{"class":54},[40,105150,105151,105153,105155,105157],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,105152,101],{"class":84},[40,105154,88],{"class":54},[40,105156,2048],{"class":91},[40,105158,95],{"class":54},[20,105160,111],{},[31,105162,105164],{"className":33,"code":105163,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105165,105166],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105167,105168,105170,105172,105174,105176,105178,105180,105182,105184,105186,105188],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105169,9048],{"class":54},[40,105171,192],{"class":58},[40,105173,62],{"class":54},[40,105175,1226],{"class":58},[40,105177,62],{"class":54},[40,105179,663],{"class":58},[40,105181,62],{"class":54},[40,105183,749],{"class":58},[40,105185,62],{"class":54},[40,105187,675],{"class":58},[40,105189,9079],{"class":54},[129,105191,105193],{"id":105192},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105195,99127,105196,289],{},[183,105197,95973],{},[20,105199,105200],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105202,99133],{},[134,105204,105205,105209,105213,105217],{},[137,105206,105207],{},[15,105208,1972],{},[137,105210,105211],{},[15,105212,3231],{},[137,105214,105215],{},[15,105216,1976],{},[137,105218,105219,105221],{},[15,105220,48705],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105223,195],{},[31,105225,105227],{"className":33,"code":105226,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105228,105229,105260],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105230,105231,105233,105235,105237,105239,105241,105243,105245,105247,105249,105251,105253,105255,105257],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105232,479],{"class":46},[40,105234,51],{"class":50},[40,105236,10260],{"class":54},[40,105238,658],{"class":58},[40,105240,62],{"class":54},[40,105242,224],{"class":212},[40,105244,3632],{"class":216},[40,105246,213],{"class":212},[40,105248,62],{"class":54},[40,105250,9006],{"class":54},[40,105252,59],{"class":58},[40,105254,62],{"class":54},[40,105256,65],{"class":58},[40,105258,105259],{"class":54},")}\n",[40,105261,105262,105264,105266,105268],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,105263,101],{"class":84},[40,105265,88],{"class":54},[40,105267,497],{"class":91},[40,105269,95],{"class":54},[20,105271,99195,105272,105274],{},[183,105273,185],{}," work inside a set:",[134,105276,105277,105281,105285],{},[137,105278,105279],{},[15,105280,610],{},[137,105282,105283],{},[15,105284,8592],{},[137,105286,105287],{},[15,105288,6064],{},[20,105290,96698],{},[31,105292,105294],{"className":33,"code":105293,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105295,105296],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105297,105298,105300,105302,105304,105306,105308,105310,105312,105314,105316,105318,105320],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105299,99214],{"class":46},[40,105301,51],{"class":50},[40,105303,99219],{"class":54},[40,105305,658],{"class":58},[40,105307,62],{"class":54},[40,105309,663],{"class":58},[40,105311,666],{"class":54},[40,105313,55],{"class":54},[40,105315,401],{"class":58},[40,105317,62],{"class":54},[40,105319,675],{"class":58},[40,105321,13473],{"class":54},[20,105323,76457,105324,105326],{},[15,105325,2790],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105328,105329],{},"A safer example:",[31,105331,105333],{"className":33,"code":105332,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105334,105335,105363],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105336,105337,105340,105342,105345,105347,105349,105351,105353,105355,105357,105359,105361],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105338,105339],{"class":46},"good_set ",[40,105341,51],{"class":50},[40,105343,105344],{"class":54}," {(",[40,105346,658],{"class":58},[40,105348,62],{"class":54},[40,105350,663],{"class":58},[40,105352,9003],{"class":54},[40,105354,9006],{"class":54},[40,105356,401],{"class":58},[40,105358,62],{"class":54},[40,105360,675],{"class":58},[40,105362,105259],{"class":54},[40,105364,105365,105367,105369,105372],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,105366,101],{"class":84},[40,105368,88],{"class":54},[40,105370,105371],{"class":91},"good_set",[40,105373,95],{"class":54},[20,105375,111],{},[31,105377,105379],{"className":33,"code":105378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105380,105381],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105382,105383,105386,105388,105390,105392,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105384,105385],{"class":54},"{(",[40,105387,658],{"class":58},[40,105389,62],{"class":54},[40,105391,663],{"class":58},[40,105393,9003],{"class":54},[40,105395,9006],{"class":54},[40,105397,401],{"class":58},[40,105399,62],{"class":54},[40,105401,675],{"class":58},[40,105403,105259],{"class":54},[129,105405,105407],{"id":105406},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105409,123,105410,10371],{},[15,105411,3584],{},[134,105413,105414,105417,105422,105425],{},[137,105415,105416],{},"you need unique values only",[137,105418,105419,105420],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105421,1554],{},[137,105423,105424],{},"order does not matter",[137,105426,105427],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105429,105430],{},"Example of membership checking:",[31,105432,105434],{"className":33,"code":105433,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105435,105436,105461,105465,105481],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105437,105438,105441,105443,105445,105447,105449,105451,105454,105456,105459],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105439,105440],{"class":46},"allowed_ids ",[40,105442,51],{"class":50},[40,105444,15400],{"class":609},[40,105446,2771],{"class":54},[40,105448,46345],{"class":58},[40,105450,62],{"class":54},[40,105452,105453],{"class":58}," 102",[40,105455,62],{"class":54},[40,105457,105458],{"class":58}," 103",[40,105460,570],{"class":54},[40,105462,105463],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,105464,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,105466,105467,105469,105471,105474,105476,105479],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,105468,101],{"class":84},[40,105470,88],{"class":54},[40,105472,105473],{"class":58},"102",[40,105475,20934],{"class":535},[40,105477,105478],{"class":91}," allowed_ids",[40,105480,95],{"class":54},[40,105482,105483,105485,105487,105490,105492,105494],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,105484,101],{"class":84},[40,105486,88],{"class":54},[40,105488,105489],{"class":58},"999",[40,105491,20934],{"class":535},[40,105493,105478],{"class":91},[40,105495,95],{"class":54},[20,105497,111],{},[31,105499,105500],{"className":33,"code":43926,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,105501,105502,105506],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105503,105504],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105505,1495],{"class":1494},[40,105507,105508],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,105509,3824],{"class":1494},[20,105511,105512],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[129,105514,105516],{"id":105515},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105518,105519],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[792,105521,123,105523,97824],{"id":105522},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105524,3584],{},[31,105526,105527],{"className":33,"code":97885,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,105528,105529,105539],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105530,105531,105533,105535,105537],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105532,97892],{"class":46},[40,105534,51],{"class":50},[40,105536,15400],{"class":609},[40,105538,8413],{"class":54},[40,105540,105541,105543,105545,105547,105549,105551],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,105542,101],{"class":84},[40,105544,88],{"class":54},[40,105546,1297],{"class":609},[40,105548,88],{"class":54},[40,105550,97911],{"class":91},[40,105552,256],{"class":54},[20,105554,111],{},[31,105556,105557],{"className":33,"code":8623,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,105558,105559],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105560,105561,105563,105565,105567,105569,105571],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105562,3076],{"class":50},[40,105564,3079],{"class":1848},[40,105566,3082],{"class":212},[40,105568,6064],{"class":216},[40,105570,3087],{"class":212},[40,105572,3090],{"class":50},[792,105574,123,105576,105578],{"id":105575},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105577,99884],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[31,105580,105582],{"className":33,"code":105581,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105583,105584,105604],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105585,105586,105588,105590,105592,105594,105596,105598,105600,105602],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105587,47],{"class":46},[40,105589,51],{"class":50},[40,105591,10260],{"class":54},[40,105593,658],{"class":58},[40,105595,62],{"class":54},[40,105597,663],{"class":58},[40,105599,62],{"class":54},[40,105601,749],{"class":58},[40,105603,9079],{"class":54},[40,105605,105606,105608,105610,105612,105614,105616],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,105607,101],{"class":84},[40,105609,88],{"class":54},[40,105611,1297],{"class":609},[40,105613,88],{"class":54},[40,105615,92],{"class":91},[40,105617,256],{"class":54},[20,105619,111],{},[31,105621,105622],{"className":33,"code":8623,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,105623,105624],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105625,105626,105628,105630,105632,105634,105636],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105627,3076],{"class":50},[40,105629,3079],{"class":1848},[40,105631,3082],{"class":212},[40,105633,6064],{"class":216},[40,105635,3087],{"class":212},[40,105637,3090],{"class":50},[792,105639,123,105641,105643],{"id":105640},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105642,3579],{}," for an empty dictionary",[31,105645,105647],{"className":33,"code":105646,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105648,105649,105658],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105650,105651,105654,105656],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105652,105653],{"class":46},"empty_dict ",[40,105655,51],{"class":50},[40,105657,9607],{"class":54},[40,105659,105660,105662,105664,105666,105668,105671],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,105661,101],{"class":84},[40,105663,88],{"class":54},[40,105665,1297],{"class":609},[40,105667,88],{"class":54},[40,105669,105670],{"class":91},"empty_dict",[40,105672,256],{"class":54},[20,105674,111],{},[31,105676,105677],{"className":33,"code":8579,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,105678,105679],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105680,105681,105683,105685,105687,105689,105691],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105682,3076],{"class":50},[40,105684,3079],{"class":1848},[40,105686,3082],{"class":212},[40,105688,8592],{"class":216},[40,105690,3087],{"class":212},[40,105692,3090],{"class":50},[20,105694,105695],{},"So the rule is simple:",[134,105697,105698,105703,105708],{},[137,105699,105700,105702],{},[15,105701,3584],{}," → empty set",[137,105704,105705,105707],{},[15,105706,99884],{}," → non-empty set",[137,105709,105710,105712],{},[15,105711,3579],{}," → empty dictionary",[129,105714,2613],{"id":2612},[20,105716,105717,105718,289],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105719,3584],{},[792,105721,795,105722,99482],{"id":99479},[15,105723,3579],{},[20,105725,105726],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[31,105728,105729],{"className":33,"code":99488,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,105730,105731,105739],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105732,105733,105735,105737],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105734,2230],{"class":46},[40,105736,51],{"class":50},[40,105738,9607],{"class":54},[40,105740,105741,105743,105745,105747,105749,105751],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,105742,101],{"class":84},[40,105744,88],{"class":54},[40,105746,1297],{"class":609},[40,105748,88],{"class":54},[40,105750,2255],{"class":91},[40,105752,256],{"class":54},[792,105754,105756,105757],{"id":105755},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105758,105759],{},"set(5)",[20,105761,105762,105764],{},[15,105763,3584],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[31,105766,105768],{"className":33,"code":105767,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set(5)\n",[15,105769,105770],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105771,105772,105774,105776,105778],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105773,6064],{"class":609},[40,105775,88],{"class":54},[40,105777,682],{"class":58},[40,105779,95],{"class":54},[20,105781,2787,105782,105784,105785,289],{},[15,105783,2790],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[282,105786,105788],{"href":105787},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[792,105790,105792],{"id":105791},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105794,105795],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[31,105797,105799],{"className":33,"code":105798,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105800,105801],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105802,105803,105805,105807,105809,105811,105813,105815,105817,105819,105821,105823,105825],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105804,2230],{"class":46},[40,105806,51],{"class":50},[40,105808,99219],{"class":54},[40,105810,658],{"class":58},[40,105812,62],{"class":54},[40,105814,663],{"class":58},[40,105816,666],{"class":54},[40,105818,55],{"class":54},[40,105820,401],{"class":58},[40,105822,62],{"class":54},[40,105824,675],{"class":58},[40,105826,13473],{"class":54},[792,105828,8223,105830,105832],{"id":105829},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105831,3584],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105834,105835],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[792,105837,36960,105839,8475,105841,2662,105843],{"id":105838},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105840,3584],{},[15,105842,24543],{},[15,105844,8891],{},[20,105846,105847],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[129,105849,60450],{"id":60449},[20,105851,10882],{},[31,105853,105855],{"className":33,"code":105854,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105856,105857,105872,105882,105896],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105858,105859,105861,105863,105865,105867,105870],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105860,101],{"class":84},[40,105862,88],{"class":54},[40,105864,1297],{"class":609},[40,105866,88],{"class":54},[40,105868,105869],{"class":91},"my_value",[40,105871,256],{"class":54},[40,105873,105874,105876,105878,105880],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,105875,101],{"class":84},[40,105877,88],{"class":54},[40,105879,105869],{"class":91},[40,105881,95],{"class":54},[40,105883,105884,105886,105888,105890,105892,105894],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,105885,101],{"class":84},[40,105887,88],{"class":54},[40,105889,610],{"class":609},[40,105891,88],{"class":54},[40,105893,15433],{"class":91},[40,105895,256],{"class":54},[40,105897,105898,105900,105902,105904,105906,105908],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,105899,101],{"class":84},[40,105901,88],{"class":54},[40,105903,17],{"class":84},[40,105905,88],{"class":54},[40,105907,15433],{"class":91},[40,105909,256],{"class":54},[20,105911,105912],{},"What they help you see:",[134,105914,105915,105921,105926,105932],{},[137,105916,105917,105920],{},[15,105918,105919],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[137,105922,105923,90148],{},[15,105924,105925],{},"print(my_value)",[137,105927,105928,105931],{},[15,105929,105930],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[137,105933,105934,105937],{},[15,105935,105936],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[129,105939,1636],{"id":1635},[792,105941,105943],{"id":105942},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105945,105946],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[792,105948,105950],{"id":105949},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105952,123,105953,105955,105956,105958],{},[15,105954,3584],{},". Do not use ",[15,105957,3579],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[792,105960,105962],{"id":105961},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,105964,105965],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[792,105967,105969],{"id":105968},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,105971,105972],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,105974,195],{},[31,105976,105978],{"className":33,"code":105977,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,105979,105980],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,105981,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990,105992,105994,105996],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,105983,101],{"class":84},[40,105985,88],{"class":54},[40,105987,6064],{"class":609},[40,105989,88],{"class":54},[40,105991,213],{"class":212},[40,105993,3862],{"class":216},[40,105995,213],{"class":212},[40,105997,256],{"class":54},[20,105999,29790],{},[31,106001,106003],{"className":33,"code":106002,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106004,106005],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106006,106007,106009,106011,106013,106015,106017,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027,106029,106031,106033,106035,106037,106039],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106008,9048],{"class":54},[40,106010,3087],{"class":212},[40,106012,282],{"class":216},[40,106014,3087],{"class":212},[40,106016,62],{"class":54},[40,106018,3082],{"class":212},[40,106020,20],{"class":216},[40,106022,3087],{"class":212},[40,106024,62],{"class":54},[40,106026,3082],{"class":212},[40,106028,60196],{"class":216},[40,106030,3087],{"class":212},[40,106032,62],{"class":54},[40,106034,3082],{"class":212},[40,106036,60187],{"class":216},[40,106038,3087],{"class":212},[40,106040,9079],{"class":54},[792,106042,4935,106044,106047],{"id":106043},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106045,106046],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106049,106050,28445,106052,106055],{},[15,106051,3584],{},[183,106053,106054],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106057,106058],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[31,106060,106062],{"className":33,"code":106061,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106063,106064],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106065,106066,106068,106070,106072,106074,106076,106078,106080,106082,106084,106086,106088],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106067,101],{"class":84},[40,106069,88],{"class":54},[40,106071,6064],{"class":609},[40,106073,2771],{"class":54},[40,106075,658],{"class":58},[40,106077,62],{"class":54},[40,106079,663],{"class":58},[40,106081,62],{"class":54},[40,106083,749],{"class":58},[40,106085,62],{"class":54},[40,106087,675],{"class":58},[40,106089,2784],{"class":54},[129,106091,1687],{"id":1686},[134,106093,106094,106098,106102,106106,106110],{},[137,106095,106096],{},[282,106097,95930],{"href":95929},[137,106099,106100],{},[282,106101,104094],{"href":95933},[137,106103,106104],{},[282,106105,99946],{"href":104945},[137,106107,106108],{},[282,106109,104652],{"href":64587},[137,106111,106112],{},[282,106113,105788],{"href":105787},[1715,106115,106116],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":106118},[106119,106120,106121,106122,106123,106129,106130,106131,106139,106149,106150,106158],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":104270,"depth":76,"text":104271},{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":104655,"depth":76,"text":104656},{"id":104842,"depth":76,"text":104843,"children":106124},[106125,106126,106127,106128],{"id":104846,"depth":98,"text":104847},{"id":104948,"depth":98,"text":104949},{"id":105032,"depth":98,"text":105033},{"id":105124,"depth":98,"text":105125},{"id":105192,"depth":76,"text":105193},{"id":105406,"depth":76,"text":105407},{"id":105515,"depth":76,"text":105516,"children":106132},[106133,106135,106137],{"id":105522,"depth":98,"text":106134},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105575,"depth":98,"text":106136},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105640,"depth":98,"text":106138},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":106140},[106141,106142,106144,106145,106147],{"id":99479,"depth":98,"text":99987},{"id":105755,"depth":98,"text":106143},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105791,"depth":98,"text":105792},{"id":105829,"depth":98,"text":106146},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105838,"depth":98,"text":106148},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60449,"depth":76,"text":60450},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":106151},[106152,106153,106154,106155,106156],{"id":105942,"depth":98,"text":105943},{"id":105949,"depth":98,"text":105950},{"id":105961,"depth":98,"text":105962},{"id":105968,"depth":98,"text":105969},{"id":106043,"depth":98,"text":106157},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104152,"description":106159},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106166,"title":106167,"body":106168,"description":107683,"extension":1746,"meta":107684,"navigation":360,"path":107685,"seo":107686,"stem":107687,"__hash__":107688},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106169,"toc":107659},[106170,106176,106181,106184,106267,106272,106277,106282,106284,106297,106301,106303,106322,106325,106348,106351,106362,106364,106445,106447,106464,106466,106472,106475,106570,106572,106603,106605,106613,106615,106618,106729,106731,106756,106758,106780,106785,106790,106796,106905,106907,106923,106926,106929,107012,107014,107031,107039,107041,107045,107051,107142,107144,107177,107182,107189,107266,107268,107285,107291,107293,107297,107313,107316,107342,107344,107405,107407,107530,107532,107583,107589,107591,107596,107598,107604,107607,107611,107614,107618,107621,107631,107633,107656],[10,106171,285,106173,11091],{"id":106172},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106174,106175],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106177,606,106178,106180],{},[15,106179,106175],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106182,106183],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[31,106185,106187],{"className":33,"code":106186,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106188,106189,106209,106229,106233,106252,106262],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106190,106191,106193,106195,106197,106199,106201,106203,106205,106207],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106192,1384],{"class":46},[40,106194,51],{"class":50},[40,106196,10260],{"class":54},[40,106198,658],{"class":58},[40,106200,62],{"class":54},[40,106202,663],{"class":58},[40,106204,62],{"class":54},[40,106206,749],{"class":58},[40,106208,9079],{"class":54},[40,106210,106211,106213,106215,106217,106219,106221,106223,106225,106227],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,106212,1405],{"class":46},[40,106214,51],{"class":50},[40,106216,10260],{"class":54},[40,106218,744],{"class":58},[40,106220,62],{"class":54},[40,106222,749],{"class":58},[40,106224,62],{"class":54},[40,106226,675],{"class":58},[40,106228,9079],{"class":54},[40,106230,106231],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,106232,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,106234,106235,106237,106239,106241,106243,106246,106248,106250],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,106236,2013],{"class":46},[40,106238,51],{"class":50},[40,106240,56630],{"class":46},[40,106242,289],{"class":54},[40,106244,106245],{"class":91},"intersection",[40,106247,88],{"class":54},[40,106249,1017],{"class":91},[40,106251,95],{"class":54},[40,106253,106254,106256,106258,106260],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,106255,101],{"class":84},[40,106257,88],{"class":54},[40,106259,2048],{"class":91},[40,106261,95],{"class":54},[40,106263,106264],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,106265,106266],{"class":3449},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106268,123,106269,106271],{},[15,106270,102393],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[129,106273,12765,106275,12768],{"id":106274},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106276,102393],{},[20,106278,106279,106281],{},[15,106280,102393],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106283,12821],{},[134,106285,106286,106289,106291,106294],{},[137,106287,106288],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[137,106290,100163],{},[137,106292,106293],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[137,106295,106296],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106298,95926,106299,289],{},[282,106300,95930],{"href":95929},[129,106302,1940],{"id":1939},[31,106304,106306],{"className":33,"code":106305,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106307,106308],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106309,106310,106312,106314,106316,106318,106320],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106311,100187],{"class":46},[40,106313,289],{"class":54},[40,106315,106245],{"class":91},[40,106317,88],{"class":54},[40,106319,100196],{"class":91},[40,106321,95],{"class":54},[20,106323,106324],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[31,106326,106328],{"className":33,"code":106327,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106329,106330],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106331,106332,106334,106336,106338,106340,106342,106344,106346],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106333,100187],{"class":46},[40,106335,289],{"class":54},[40,106337,106245],{"class":91},[40,106339,88],{"class":54},[40,106341,100196],{"class":91},[40,106343,62],{"class":54},[40,106345,100223],{"class":91},[40,106347,95],{"class":54},[20,106349,106350],{},"Important notes:",[134,106352,106353,106356,106359],{},[137,106354,106355],{},"The result is always a new set",[137,106357,106358],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[137,106360,106361],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106363,195],{},[31,106365,106367],{"className":33,"code":106366,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106368,106369,106393,106413,106417,106435],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106370,106371,106373,106375,106377,106379,106381,106383,106385,106387,106389,106391],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106372,1384],{"class":46},[40,106374,51],{"class":50},[40,106376,10260],{"class":54},[40,106378,658],{"class":58},[40,106380,62],{"class":54},[40,106382,663],{"class":58},[40,106384,62],{"class":54},[40,106386,749],{"class":58},[40,106388,62],{"class":54},[40,106390,675],{"class":58},[40,106392,9079],{"class":54},[40,106394,106395,106397,106399,106401,106403,106405,106407,106409,106411],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,106396,1405],{"class":46},[40,106398,51],{"class":50},[40,106400,10260],{"class":54},[40,106402,401],{"class":58},[40,106404,62],{"class":54},[40,106406,675],{"class":58},[40,106408,62],{"class":54},[40,106410,4387],{"class":58},[40,106412,9079],{"class":54},[40,106414,106415],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,106416,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,106418,106419,106421,106423,106425,106427,106429,106431,106433],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,106420,2013],{"class":46},[40,106422,51],{"class":50},[40,106424,56630],{"class":46},[40,106426,289],{"class":54},[40,106428,106245],{"class":91},[40,106430,88],{"class":54},[40,106432,1017],{"class":91},[40,106434,95],{"class":54},[40,106436,106437,106439,106441,106443],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,106438,101],{"class":84},[40,106440,88],{"class":54},[40,106442,2048],{"class":91},[40,106444,95],{"class":54},[20,106446,111],{},[31,106448,106450],{"className":33,"code":106449,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106451,106452],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106453,106454,106456,106458,106460,106462],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106455,9048],{"class":54},[40,106457,401],{"class":58},[40,106459,62],{"class":54},[40,106461,675],{"class":58},[40,106463,9079],{"class":54},[129,106465,17184],{"id":17183},[20,106467,106468,21736,106470,289],{},[15,106469,102393],{},[183,106471,6064],{},[20,106473,106474],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[31,106476,106478],{"className":33,"code":106477,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106479,106480,106500,106520,106524,106542,106546,106556],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106481,106482,106484,106486,106488,106490,106492,106494,106496,106498],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106483,1384],{"class":46},[40,106485,51],{"class":50},[40,106487,10260],{"class":54},[40,106489,658],{"class":58},[40,106491,62],{"class":54},[40,106493,663],{"class":58},[40,106495,62],{"class":54},[40,106497,749],{"class":58},[40,106499,9079],{"class":54},[40,106501,106502,106504,106506,106508,106510,106512,106514,106516,106518],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,106503,1405],{"class":46},[40,106505,51],{"class":50},[40,106507,10260],{"class":54},[40,106509,744],{"class":58},[40,106511,62],{"class":54},[40,106513,749],{"class":58},[40,106515,62],{"class":54},[40,106517,675],{"class":58},[40,106519,9079],{"class":54},[40,106521,106522],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,106523,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,106525,106526,106528,106530,106532,106534,106536,106538,106540],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,106527,2013],{"class":46},[40,106529,51],{"class":50},[40,106531,56630],{"class":46},[40,106533,289],{"class":54},[40,106535,106245],{"class":91},[40,106537,88],{"class":54},[40,106539,1017],{"class":91},[40,106541,95],{"class":54},[40,106543,106544],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,106545,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,106547,106548,106550,106552,106554],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,106549,101],{"class":84},[40,106551,88],{"class":54},[40,106553,2048],{"class":91},[40,106555,95],{"class":54},[40,106557,106558,106560,106562,106564,106566,106568],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,106559,101],{"class":84},[40,106561,88],{"class":54},[40,106563,1297],{"class":609},[40,106565,88],{"class":54},[40,106567,2048],{"class":91},[40,106569,256],{"class":54},[20,106571,111],{},[31,106573,106575],{"className":33,"code":106574,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106576,106577,106589],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106578,106579,106581,106583,106585,106587],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106580,9048],{"class":54},[40,106582,744],{"class":58},[40,106584,62],{"class":54},[40,106586,749],{"class":58},[40,106588,9079],{"class":54},[40,106590,106591,106593,106595,106597,106599,106601],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,106592,3076],{"class":50},[40,106594,3079],{"class":1848},[40,106596,3082],{"class":212},[40,106598,6064],{"class":216},[40,106600,3087],{"class":212},[40,106602,3090],{"class":50},[20,106604,85411],{},[134,106606,106607,106610],{},[137,106608,106609],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[137,106611,106612],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[129,106614,11245],{"id":11244},[20,106616,106617],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[31,106619,106621],{"className":33,"code":106620,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106622,106623,106656,106689,106693,106714,106718],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106624,106625,106628,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638,106640,106642,106644,106646,106648,106650,106652,106654],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106626,106627],{"class":46},"colors1 ",[40,106629,51],{"class":50},[40,106631,10260],{"class":54},[40,106633,213],{"class":212},[40,106635,318],{"class":216},[40,106637,213],{"class":212},[40,106639,62],{"class":54},[40,106641,224],{"class":212},[40,106643,336],{"class":216},[40,106645,213],{"class":212},[40,106647,62],{"class":54},[40,106649,224],{"class":212},[40,106651,327],{"class":216},[40,106653,213],{"class":212},[40,106655,9079],{"class":54},[40,106657,106658,106661,106663,106665,106667,106669,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685,106687],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,106659,106660],{"class":46},"colors2 ",[40,106662,51],{"class":50},[40,106664,10260],{"class":54},[40,106666,213],{"class":212},[40,106668,327],{"class":216},[40,106670,213],{"class":212},[40,106672,62],{"class":54},[40,106674,224],{"class":212},[40,106676,22285],{"class":216},[40,106678,213],{"class":212},[40,106680,62],{"class":54},[40,106682,224],{"class":212},[40,106684,336],{"class":216},[40,106686,213],{"class":212},[40,106688,9079],{"class":54},[40,106690,106691],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,106692,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,106694,106695,106698,106700,106703,106705,106707,106709,106712],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,106696,106697],{"class":46},"common_colors ",[40,106699,51],{"class":50},[40,106701,106702],{"class":46}," colors1",[40,106704,289],{"class":54},[40,106706,106245],{"class":91},[40,106708,88],{"class":54},[40,106710,106711],{"class":91},"colors2",[40,106713,95],{"class":54},[40,106715,106716],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,106717,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,106719,106720,106722,106724,106727],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,106721,101],{"class":84},[40,106723,88],{"class":54},[40,106725,106726],{"class":91},"common_colors",[40,106728,95],{"class":54},[20,106730,111],{},[31,106732,106734],{"className":33,"code":106733,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106735,106736],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106737,106738,106740,106742,106744,106746,106748,106750,106752,106754],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106739,9048],{"class":54},[40,106741,3087],{"class":212},[40,106743,336],{"class":216},[40,106745,3087],{"class":212},[40,106747,62],{"class":54},[40,106749,3082],{"class":212},[40,106751,327],{"class":216},[40,106753,3087],{"class":212},[40,106755,9079],{"class":54},[20,106757,385],{},[134,106759,106760,106766,106770,106775],{},[137,106761,106762,106765],{},[15,106763,106764],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[137,106767,106768,106765],{},[15,106769,106711],{},[137,106771,106772,106774],{},[15,106773,102393],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[137,106776,106777,106778],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106779,106726],{},[129,106781,795,106783,100760],{"id":106782},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106784,102393],{},[20,106786,106787,106788,289],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106789,102393],{},[20,106791,106792,106793,106795],{},"Only the values found in ",[183,106794,3502],{}," inputs will be kept.",[31,106797,106799],{"className":33,"code":106798,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106800,106801,106825,106849,106869,106873,106895],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106802,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815,106817,106819,106821,106823],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106804,1384],{"class":46},[40,106806,51],{"class":50},[40,106808,10260],{"class":54},[40,106810,658],{"class":58},[40,106812,62],{"class":54},[40,106814,663],{"class":58},[40,106816,62],{"class":54},[40,106818,749],{"class":58},[40,106820,62],{"class":54},[40,106822,675],{"class":58},[40,106824,9079],{"class":54},[40,106826,106827,106829,106831,106833,106835,106837,106839,106841,106843,106845,106847],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,106828,1405],{"class":46},[40,106830,51],{"class":50},[40,106832,10260],{"class":54},[40,106834,744],{"class":58},[40,106836,62],{"class":54},[40,106838,749],{"class":58},[40,106840,62],{"class":54},[40,106842,675],{"class":58},[40,106844,62],{"class":54},[40,106846,4387],{"class":58},[40,106848,9079],{"class":54},[40,106850,106851,106853,106855,106857,106859,106861,106863,106865,106867],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,106852,82785],{"class":46},[40,106854,51],{"class":50},[40,106856,10260],{"class":54},[40,106858,401],{"class":58},[40,106860,62],{"class":54},[40,106862,675],{"class":58},[40,106864,62],{"class":54},[40,106866,687],{"class":58},[40,106868,9079],{"class":54},[40,106870,106871],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,106872,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,106874,106875,106877,106879,106881,106883,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,106876,2013],{"class":46},[40,106878,51],{"class":50},[40,106880,56630],{"class":46},[40,106882,289],{"class":54},[40,106884,106245],{"class":91},[40,106886,88],{"class":54},[40,106888,1017],{"class":91},[40,106890,62],{"class":54},[40,106892,9451],{"class":91},[40,106894,95],{"class":54},[40,106896,106897,106899,106901,106903],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,106898,101],{"class":84},[40,106900,88],{"class":54},[40,106902,2048],{"class":91},[40,106904,95],{"class":54},[20,106906,111],{},[31,106908,106909],{"className":33,"code":106449,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,106910,106911],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106912,106913,106915,106917,106919,106921],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106914,9048],{"class":54},[40,106916,401],{"class":58},[40,106918,62],{"class":54},[40,106920,675],{"class":58},[40,106922,9079],{"class":54},[20,106924,106925],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106927,106928],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[31,106930,106932],{"className":33,"code":106931,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106933,106934,106958,106962,107002],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,106935,106936,106938,106940,106942,106944,106946,106948,106950,106952,106954,106956],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,106937,1384],{"class":46},[40,106939,51],{"class":50},[40,106941,10260],{"class":54},[40,106943,658],{"class":58},[40,106945,62],{"class":54},[40,106947,663],{"class":58},[40,106949,62],{"class":54},[40,106951,749],{"class":58},[40,106953,62],{"class":54},[40,106955,675],{"class":58},[40,106957,9079],{"class":54},[40,106959,106960],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,106961,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,106963,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996,106998,107000],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,106965,2013],{"class":46},[40,106967,51],{"class":50},[40,106969,56630],{"class":46},[40,106971,289],{"class":54},[40,106973,106245],{"class":91},[40,106975,2771],{"class":54},[40,106977,744],{"class":58},[40,106979,62],{"class":54},[40,106981,675],{"class":58},[40,106983,62],{"class":54},[40,106985,687],{"class":58},[40,106987,666],{"class":54},[40,106989,9006],{"class":54},[40,106991,658],{"class":58},[40,106993,62],{"class":54},[40,106995,663],{"class":58},[40,106997,62],{"class":54},[40,106999,675],{"class":58},[40,107001,256],{"class":54},[40,107003,107004,107006,107008,107010],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,107005,101],{"class":84},[40,107007,88],{"class":54},[40,107009,2048],{"class":91},[40,107011,95],{"class":54},[20,107013,111],{},[31,107015,107017],{"className":33,"code":107016,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107018,107019],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107020,107021,107023,107025,107027,107029],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107022,9048],{"class":54},[40,107024,744],{"class":58},[40,107026,62],{"class":54},[40,107028,675],{"class":58},[40,107030,9079],{"class":54},[129,107032,107034,10355,107036],{"id":107033},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107035,102393],{},[15,107037,107038],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107040,100930],{},[792,107042,107043],{"id":106245},[15,107044,102393],{},[134,107046,107047,107049],{},[137,107048,100939],{},[137,107050,100942],{},[31,107052,107054],{"className":33,"code":107053,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107055,107056,107076,107096,107100,107118,107122,107132],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107057,107058,107060,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107059,1384],{"class":46},[40,107061,51],{"class":50},[40,107063,10260],{"class":54},[40,107065,658],{"class":58},[40,107067,62],{"class":54},[40,107069,663],{"class":58},[40,107071,62],{"class":54},[40,107073,749],{"class":58},[40,107075,9079],{"class":54},[40,107077,107078,107080,107082,107084,107086,107088,107090,107092,107094],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,107079,1405],{"class":46},[40,107081,51],{"class":50},[40,107083,10260],{"class":54},[40,107085,744],{"class":58},[40,107087,62],{"class":54},[40,107089,749],{"class":58},[40,107091,62],{"class":54},[40,107093,675],{"class":58},[40,107095,9079],{"class":54},[40,107097,107098],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,107099,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,107101,107102,107104,107106,107108,107110,107112,107114,107116],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,107103,2013],{"class":46},[40,107105,51],{"class":50},[40,107107,56630],{"class":46},[40,107109,289],{"class":54},[40,107111,106245],{"class":91},[40,107113,88],{"class":54},[40,107115,1017],{"class":91},[40,107117,95],{"class":54},[40,107119,107120],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,107121,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,107123,107124,107126,107128,107130],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,107125,101],{"class":84},[40,107127,88],{"class":54},[40,107129,282],{"class":91},[40,107131,95],{"class":54},[40,107133,107134,107136,107138,107140],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,107135,101],{"class":84},[40,107137,88],{"class":54},[40,107139,2048],{"class":91},[40,107141,95],{"class":54},[20,107143,111],{},[31,107145,107147],{"className":33,"code":107146,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107148,107149,107165],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107150,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107152,9048],{"class":54},[40,107154,658],{"class":58},[40,107156,62],{"class":54},[40,107158,663],{"class":58},[40,107160,62],{"class":54},[40,107162,749],{"class":58},[40,107164,9079],{"class":54},[40,107166,107167,107169,107171,107173,107175],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,107168,9048],{"class":54},[40,107170,744],{"class":58},[40,107172,62],{"class":54},[40,107174,749],{"class":58},[40,107176,9079],{"class":54},[792,107178,107180],{"id":107179},"intersection_update",[15,107181,107038],{},[134,107183,107184,107186],{},[137,107185,101082],{},[137,107187,107188],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[31,107190,107192],{"className":33,"code":107191,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107193,107194,107214,107234,107238,107252,107256],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107195,107196,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206,107208,107210,107212],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107197,1384],{"class":46},[40,107199,51],{"class":50},[40,107201,10260],{"class":54},[40,107203,658],{"class":58},[40,107205,62],{"class":54},[40,107207,663],{"class":58},[40,107209,62],{"class":54},[40,107211,749],{"class":58},[40,107213,9079],{"class":54},[40,107215,107216,107218,107220,107222,107224,107226,107228,107230,107232],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,107217,1405],{"class":46},[40,107219,51],{"class":50},[40,107221,10260],{"class":54},[40,107223,744],{"class":58},[40,107225,62],{"class":54},[40,107227,749],{"class":58},[40,107229,62],{"class":54},[40,107231,675],{"class":58},[40,107233,9079],{"class":54},[40,107235,107236],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,107237,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,107239,107240,107242,107244,107246,107248,107250],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,107241,282],{"class":46},[40,107243,289],{"class":54},[40,107245,107179],{"class":91},[40,107247,88],{"class":54},[40,107249,1017],{"class":91},[40,107251,95],{"class":54},[40,107253,107254],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,107255,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,107257,107258,107260,107262,107264],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,107259,101],{"class":84},[40,107261,88],{"class":54},[40,107263,282],{"class":91},[40,107265,95],{"class":54},[20,107267,111],{},[31,107269,107271],{"className":33,"code":107270,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107272,107273],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107274,107275,107277,107279,107281,107283],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107276,9048],{"class":54},[40,107278,744],{"class":58},[40,107280,62],{"class":54},[40,107282,749],{"class":58},[40,107284,9079],{"class":54},[20,107286,107287,107288,107290],{},"Choose ",[15,107289,102393],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[129,107292,790],{"id":789},[20,107294,14501,107295,2669],{},[15,107296,102393],{},[134,107298,107299,107302,107305,107308],{},[137,107300,107301],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[137,107303,107304],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[137,107306,107307],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[137,107309,107310,107311],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107312,102393],{},[20,107314,107315],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[134,107317,107318,107323,107326,107339],{},[137,107319,795,107320,107322],{},[15,107321,102393],{}," when order matters",[137,107324,107325],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[137,107327,36960,107328,8475,107330,2662,107335],{},[15,107329,102393],{},[282,107331,107333],{"href":107332},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107334,102401],{},[282,107336,107337],{"href":102442},[15,107338,100016],{},[137,107340,107341],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107343,29896],{},[31,107345,107347],{"className":33,"code":107346,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107348,107349,107359,107373,107391],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107350,107351,107353,107355,107357],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107352,101],{"class":84},[40,107354,88],{"class":54},[40,107356,15433],{"class":91},[40,107358,95],{"class":54},[40,107360,107361,107363,107365,107367,107369,107371],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,107362,101],{"class":84},[40,107364,88],{"class":54},[40,107366,1297],{"class":609},[40,107368,88],{"class":54},[40,107370,2048],{"class":91},[40,107372,256],{"class":54},[40,107374,107375,107377,107379,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,107376,101],{"class":84},[40,107378,88],{"class":54},[40,107380,100187],{"class":91},[40,107382,289],{"class":54},[40,107384,106245],{"class":91},[40,107386,88],{"class":54},[40,107388,100196],{"class":91},[40,107390,256],{"class":54},[40,107392,107393,107395,107397,107399,107401,107403],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,107394,101],{"class":84},[40,107396,88],{"class":54},[40,107398,17],{"class":84},[40,107400,88],{"class":54},[40,107402,2048],{"class":91},[40,107404,256],{"class":54},[20,107406,195],{},[31,107408,107410],{"className":33,"code":107409,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107411,107412,107436,107456,107460,107478,107482,107492,107502,107516],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107413,107414,107416,107418,107420,107422,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432,107434],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107415,47],{"class":46},[40,107417,51],{"class":50},[40,107419,10260],{"class":54},[40,107421,658],{"class":58},[40,107423,62],{"class":54},[40,107425,663],{"class":58},[40,107427,62],{"class":54},[40,107429,663],{"class":58},[40,107431,62],{"class":54},[40,107433,749],{"class":58},[40,107435,9079],{"class":54},[40,107437,107438,107440,107442,107444,107446,107448,107450,107452,107454],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,107439,43301],{"class":46},[40,107441,51],{"class":50},[40,107443,10260],{"class":54},[40,107445,744],{"class":58},[40,107447,62],{"class":54},[40,107449,749],{"class":58},[40,107451,62],{"class":54},[40,107453,675],{"class":58},[40,107455,9079],{"class":54},[40,107457,107458],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,107459,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,107461,107462,107464,107466,107468,107470,107472,107474,107476],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,107463,2013],{"class":46},[40,107465,51],{"class":50},[40,107467,4045],{"class":46},[40,107469,289],{"class":54},[40,107471,106245],{"class":91},[40,107473,88],{"class":54},[40,107475,30503],{"class":91},[40,107477,95],{"class":54},[40,107479,107480],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,107481,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,107483,107484,107486,107488,107490],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,107485,101],{"class":84},[40,107487,88],{"class":54},[40,107489,92],{"class":91},[40,107491,95],{"class":54},[40,107493,107494,107496,107498,107500],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,107495,101],{"class":84},[40,107497,88],{"class":54},[40,107499,2048],{"class":91},[40,107501,95],{"class":54},[40,107503,107504,107506,107508,107510,107512,107514],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,107505,101],{"class":84},[40,107507,88],{"class":54},[40,107509,1297],{"class":609},[40,107511,88],{"class":54},[40,107513,2048],{"class":91},[40,107515,256],{"class":54},[40,107517,107518,107520,107522,107524,107526,107528],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,107519,101],{"class":84},[40,107521,88],{"class":54},[40,107523,17],{"class":84},[40,107525,88],{"class":54},[40,107527,2048],{"class":91},[40,107529,256],{"class":54},[20,107531,111],{},[31,107533,107535],{"className":33,"code":107534,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107536,107537,107553,107565,107579],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107538,107539,107541,107543,107545,107547,107549,107551],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107540,9048],{"class":54},[40,107542,658],{"class":58},[40,107544,62],{"class":54},[40,107546,663],{"class":58},[40,107548,62],{"class":54},[40,107550,749],{"class":58},[40,107552,9079],{"class":54},[40,107554,107555,107557,107559,107561,107563],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,107556,9048],{"class":54},[40,107558,744],{"class":58},[40,107560,62],{"class":54},[40,107562,749],{"class":58},[40,107564,9079],{"class":54},[40,107566,107567,107569,107571,107573,107575,107577],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,107568,3076],{"class":50},[40,107570,3079],{"class":1848},[40,107572,3082],{"class":212},[40,107574,6064],{"class":216},[40,107576,3087],{"class":212},[40,107578,3090],{"class":50},[40,107580,107581],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,107582,1489],{"class":58},[20,107584,107585,107586,107588],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107587,744],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[129,107590,1636],{"id":1635},[792,107592,12474,107594,102341],{"id":107593},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107595,102393],{},[20,107597,102344],{},[792,107599,4947,107601,107603],{"id":107600},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107602,102393],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107605,107606],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[792,107608,107610],{"id":107609},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107612,107613],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[792,107615,107617],{"id":107616},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107619,107620],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[31,107622,107623],{"className":33,"code":97060,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,107624,107625],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107626,107627,107629],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107628,6064],{"class":609},[40,107630,8413],{"class":54},[129,107632,1687],{"id":1686},[134,107634,107635,107639,107646,107652],{},[137,107636,107637],{},[282,107638,95930],{"href":95929},[137,107640,107641],{},[282,107642,285,107643,10510],{"href":107332},[15,107644,107645],{},"set.union()",[137,107647,107648],{},[282,107649,285,107650,10510],{"href":102442},[15,107651,100021],{},[137,107653,107654],{},[282,107655,99946],{"href":104945},[1715,107657,107658],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":107660},[107661,107663,107664,107665,107666,107668,107673,107674,107682],{"id":106274,"depth":76,"text":107662},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":17183,"depth":76,"text":17184},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":106782,"depth":76,"text":107667},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107033,"depth":76,"text":107669,"children":107670},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107671,107672],{"id":106245,"depth":98,"text":102393},{"id":107179,"depth":98,"text":107038},{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":107675},[107676,107678,107680,107681],{"id":107593,"depth":98,"text":107677},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107600,"depth":98,"text":107679},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107609,"depth":98,"text":107610},{"id":107616,"depth":98,"text":107617},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106167,"description":107683},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107690,"title":107691,"body":107692,"description":108928,"extension":1746,"meta":108929,"navigation":360,"path":108930,"seo":108931,"stem":108932,"__hash__":108933},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107693,"toc":108895},[107694,107699,107705,107714,107716,107791,107796,107811,107821,107826,107830,107843,107847,107849,107864,107866,107882,107884,107959,107963,107966,107968,107985,107990,108045,108050,108062,108066,108069,108170,108172,108213,108216,108220,108227,108229,108254,108257,108275,108282,108288,108291,108373,108380,108383,108463,108472,108475,108480,108484,108498,108547,108552,108556,108567,108616,108627,108632,108636,108648,108697,108708,108710,108714,108737,108739,108796,108798,108812,108814,108820,108826,108832,108841,108845,108852,108856,108864,108866,108892],[10,107695,95802,107697,11091],{"id":107696},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107698,12532],{},[20,107700,107701,107704],{},[15,107702,107703],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107706,107707,107708,107710,107711,107713],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[183,107709,185],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107712,12532],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[129,107715,1787],{"id":1786},[31,107717,107719],{"className":33,"code":107718,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107720,107721,107753,107767,107771,107781],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107722,107723,107725,107727,107729,107731,107733,107735,107737,107739,107741,107743,107745,107747,107749,107751],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107724,479],{"class":46},[40,107726,51],{"class":50},[40,107728,10260],{"class":54},[40,107730,213],{"class":212},[40,107732,3862],{"class":216},[40,107734,213],{"class":212},[40,107736,62],{"class":54},[40,107738,224],{"class":212},[40,107740,3871],{"class":216},[40,107742,213],{"class":212},[40,107744,62],{"class":54},[40,107746,224],{"class":212},[40,107748,3880],{"class":216},[40,107750,213],{"class":212},[40,107752,9079],{"class":54},[40,107754,107755,107757,107759,107761,107763,107765],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,107756,69533],{"class":46},[40,107758,51],{"class":50},[40,107760,5742],{"class":46},[40,107762,289],{"class":54},[40,107764,26002],{"class":91},[40,107766,8413],{"class":54},[40,107768,107769],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,107770,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,107772,107773,107775,107777,107779],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,107774,101],{"class":84},[40,107776,88],{"class":54},[40,107778,69556],{"class":91},[40,107780,95],{"class":54},[40,107782,107783,107785,107787,107789],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,107784,101],{"class":84},[40,107786,88],{"class":54},[40,107788,497],{"class":91},[40,107790,95],{"class":54},[20,107792,107793],{},[183,107794,107795],{},"What this does:",[134,107797,107798,107803,107808],{},[137,107799,107800,107801],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107802,497],{},[137,107804,107805,107806],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107807,69556],{},[137,107809,107810],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107812,107813,88562,107815,107817,107818,107820],{},[183,107814,83420],{},[15,107816,107703],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[183,107819,185],{}," chosen by index.",[129,107822,158,107824,3466],{"id":107823},"what-setpop-does",[15,107825,107703],{},[20,107827,107828,2669],{},[15,107829,107703],{},[134,107831,107832,107834,107837,107840],{},[137,107833,102644],{},[137,107835,107836],{},"Returns the removed item",[137,107838,107839],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[137,107841,107842],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107844,95926,107845,289],{},[282,107846,95930],{"href":97101},[129,107848,1940],{"id":1939},[31,107850,107852],{"className":33,"code":107851,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107853,107854],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107855,107856,107858,107860,107862],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107857,15433],{"class":46},[40,107859,289],{"class":54},[40,107861,26002],{"class":91},[40,107863,8413],{"class":54},[20,107865,12821],{},[134,107867,107868,107874,107879],{},[137,107869,107870,107871],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107872,107873],{},"my_set.pop()",[137,107875,107876,107877],{},"It takes ",[183,107878,28448],{},[137,107880,107881],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107883,195],{},[31,107885,107887],{"className":33,"code":107886,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107888,107889,107921,107935,107939,107949],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107890,107891,107893,107895,107897,107899,107901,107903,107905,107907,107909,107911,107913,107915,107917,107919],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107892,309],{"class":46},[40,107894,51],{"class":50},[40,107896,10260],{"class":54},[40,107898,213],{"class":212},[40,107900,318],{"class":216},[40,107902,213],{"class":212},[40,107904,62],{"class":54},[40,107906,224],{"class":212},[40,107908,336],{"class":216},[40,107910,213],{"class":212},[40,107912,62],{"class":54},[40,107914,224],{"class":212},[40,107916,327],{"class":216},[40,107918,213],{"class":212},[40,107920,9079],{"class":54},[40,107922,107923,107925,107927,107929,107931,107933],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,107924,28298],{"class":46},[40,107926,51],{"class":50},[40,107928,12890],{"class":46},[40,107930,289],{"class":54},[40,107932,26002],{"class":91},[40,107934,8413],{"class":54},[40,107936,107937],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,107938,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,107940,107941,107943,107945,107947],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,107942,101],{"class":84},[40,107944,88],{"class":54},[40,107946,23072],{"class":91},[40,107948,95],{"class":54},[40,107950,107951,107953,107955,107957],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,107952,101],{"class":84},[40,107954,88],{"class":54},[40,107956,353],{"class":91},[40,107958,95],{"class":54},[129,107960,107962],{"id":107961},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,107964,107965],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,107967,1890],{},[134,107969,107970,107976,107979],{},[137,107971,107972,107973,107975],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,107974,12532],{}," removes",[137,107977,107978],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[137,107980,107981,107982,107984],{},"You should not use ",[15,107983,12532],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,107986,10230,107987,107989],{},[183,107988,185],{}," valid:",[31,107991,107993],{"className":33,"code":107992,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,107994,107995,108027],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,107996,107997,107999,108001,108003,108005,108007,108009,108011,108013,108015,108017,108019,108021,108023,108025],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,107998,35995],{"class":46},[40,108000,51],{"class":50},[40,108002,10260],{"class":54},[40,108004,213],{"class":212},[40,108006,3862],{"class":216},[40,108008,213],{"class":212},[40,108010,62],{"class":54},[40,108012,224],{"class":212},[40,108014,3871],{"class":216},[40,108016,213],{"class":212},[40,108018,62],{"class":54},[40,108020,224],{"class":212},[40,108022,3880],{"class":216},[40,108024,213],{"class":212},[40,108026,9079],{"class":54},[40,108028,108029,108031,108033,108035,108037,108039,108041,108043],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,108030,36047],{"class":46},[40,108032,289],{"class":54},[40,108034,26002],{"class":91},[40,108036,88],{"class":54},[40,108038,213],{"class":212},[40,108040,3862],{"class":216},[40,108042,213],{"class":212},[40,108044,95],{"class":54},[20,108046,39408,108047,108049],{},[15,108048,107703],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108051,108052,108053,2662,108057,289],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[282,108054,108055],{"href":97811},[15,108056,102470],{},[282,108058,108060],{"href":108059},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108061,102461],{},[129,108063,108065],{"id":108064},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108067,108068],{},"Here is a simple example:",[31,108070,108072],{"className":33,"code":108071,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108073,108074,108108,108112,108128,108132,108151],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108075,108076,108079,108081,108083,108085,108087,108089,108091,108093,108095,108097,108099,108101,108104,108106],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108077,108078],{"class":46},"animals ",[40,108080,51],{"class":50},[40,108082,10260],{"class":54},[40,108084,213],{"class":212},[40,108086,217],{"class":216},[40,108088,213],{"class":212},[40,108090,62],{"class":54},[40,108092,224],{"class":212},[40,108094,236],{"class":216},[40,108096,213],{"class":212},[40,108098,62],{"class":54},[40,108100,224],{"class":212},[40,108102,108103],{"class":216},"rabbit",[40,108105,213],{"class":212},[40,108107,9079],{"class":54},[40,108109,108110],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,108111,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,108113,108114,108117,108119,108122,108124,108126],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,108115,108116],{"class":46},"removed_animal ",[40,108118,51],{"class":50},[40,108120,108121],{"class":46}," animals",[40,108123,289],{"class":54},[40,108125,26002],{"class":91},[40,108127,8413],{"class":54},[40,108129,108130],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,108131,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,108133,108134,108136,108138,108140,108142,108144,108146,108149],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,108135,101],{"class":84},[40,108137,88],{"class":54},[40,108139,213],{"class":212},[40,108141,28716],{"class":216},[40,108143,213],{"class":212},[40,108145,62],{"class":54},[40,108147,108148],{"class":91}," removed_animal",[40,108150,95],{"class":54},[40,108152,108153,108155,108157,108159,108162,108164,108166,108168],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,108154,101],{"class":84},[40,108156,88],{"class":54},[40,108158,213],{"class":212},[40,108160,108161],{"class":216},"Updated set:",[40,108163,213],{"class":212},[40,108165,62],{"class":54},[40,108167,108121],{"class":91},[40,108169,95],{"class":54},[20,108171,29790],{},[31,108173,108175],{"className":33,"code":108174,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108176,108177,108186],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108178,108179,108181,108183],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108180,28758],{"class":46},[40,108182,2669],{"class":54},[40,108184,108185],{"class":46}," dog\n",[40,108187,108188,108191,108193,108195,108197,108199,108201,108203,108205,108207,108209,108211],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,108189,108190],{"class":46},"Updated ",[40,108192,6064],{"class":609},[40,108194,2669],{"class":54},[40,108196,10260],{"class":54},[40,108198,3087],{"class":212},[40,108200,217],{"class":216},[40,108202,3087],{"class":212},[40,108204,62],{"class":54},[40,108206,3082],{"class":212},[40,108208,108103],{"class":216},[40,108210,3087],{"class":212},[40,108212,9079],{"class":54},[20,108214,108215],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[129,108217,108219],{"id":108218},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108221,29410,108222,108224,108225,289],{},[15,108223,12532],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108226,19448],{},[20,108228,195],{},[31,108230,108232],{"className":33,"code":108231,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108233,108234,108244],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108235,108236,108238,108240,108242],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108237,479],{"class":46},[40,108239,51],{"class":50},[40,108241,15400],{"class":609},[40,108243,8413],{"class":54},[40,108245,108246,108248,108250,108252],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,108247,497],{"class":46},[40,108249,289],{"class":54},[40,108251,26002],{"class":91},[40,108253,8413],{"class":54},[20,108255,108256],{},"This raises:",[31,108258,108260],{"className":33,"code":108259,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108261,108262],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108263,108264,108266,108268,108270,108273],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108265,19448],{"class":609},[40,108267,2669],{"class":54},[40,108269,3082],{"class":212},[40,108271,108272],{"class":216},"pop from an empty set",[40,108274,29460],{"class":212},[20,108276,108277,108278,108281],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[282,108279,108280],{"href":10844},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[792,108283,108285,108286],{"id":108284},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108287,12532],{},[20,108289,108290],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[31,108292,108294],{"className":33,"code":108293,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108295,108296,108306,108310,108318,108333,108352,108358],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108297,108298,108300,108302,108304],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108299,479],{"class":46},[40,108301,51],{"class":50},[40,108303,15400],{"class":609},[40,108305,8413],{"class":54},[40,108307,108308],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,108309,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,108311,108312,108314,108316],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,108313,536],{"class":535},[40,108315,5742],{"class":46},[40,108317,553],{"class":54},[40,108319,108320,108323,108325,108327,108329,108331],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,108321,108322],{"class":46},"    removed ",[40,108324,51],{"class":50},[40,108326,5742],{"class":46},[40,108328,289],{"class":54},[40,108330,26002],{"class":91},[40,108332,8413],{"class":54},[40,108334,108335,108337,108339,108341,108343,108345,108347,108350],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,108336,558],{"class":84},[40,108338,88],{"class":54},[40,108340,213],{"class":212},[40,108342,28716],{"class":216},[40,108344,213],{"class":212},[40,108346,62],{"class":54},[40,108348,108349],{"class":91}," removed",[40,108351,95],{"class":54},[40,108353,108354,108356],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,108355,576],{"class":535},[40,108357,553],{"class":54},[40,108359,108360,108362,108364,108366,108369,108371],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,108361,558],{"class":84},[40,108363,88],{"class":54},[40,108365,213],{"class":212},[40,108367,108368],{"class":216},"The set is empty.",[40,108370,213],{"class":212},[40,108372,95],{"class":54},[792,108374,123,108376,4176,108378],{"id":108375},"use-try-and-except",[15,108377,29564],{},[15,108379,29595],{},[20,108381,108382],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[31,108384,108386],{"className":33,"code":108385,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108387,108388,108398,108402,108408,108422,108440,108448],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108389,108390,108392,108394,108396],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108391,479],{"class":46},[40,108393,51],{"class":50},[40,108395,15400],{"class":609},[40,108397,8413],{"class":54},[40,108399,108400],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,108401,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,108403,108404,108406],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,108405,29564],{"class":535},[40,108407,553],{"class":54},[40,108409,108410,108412,108414,108416,108418,108420],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,108411,108322],{"class":46},[40,108413,51],{"class":50},[40,108415,5742],{"class":46},[40,108417,289],{"class":54},[40,108419,26002],{"class":91},[40,108421,8413],{"class":54},[40,108423,108424,108426,108428,108430,108432,108434,108436,108438],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,108425,558],{"class":84},[40,108427,88],{"class":54},[40,108429,213],{"class":212},[40,108431,28716],{"class":216},[40,108433,213],{"class":212},[40,108435,62],{"class":54},[40,108437,108349],{"class":91},[40,108439,95],{"class":54},[40,108441,108442,108444,108446],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,108443,29595],{"class":535},[40,108445,29598],{"class":609},[40,108447,553],{"class":54},[40,108449,108450,108452,108454,108456,108459,108461],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,108451,558],{"class":84},[40,108453,88],{"class":54},[40,108455,213],{"class":212},[40,108457,108458],{"class":216},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[40,108460,213],{"class":212},[40,108462,95],{"class":54},[129,108464,1345,108466,10355,108468,10355,108470],{"id":108465},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108467,12532],{},[15,108469,55272],{},[15,108471,102456],{},[20,108473,108474],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[792,108476,123,108478],{"id":108477},"use-pop",[15,108479,12532],{},[20,108481,123,108482,10371],{},[15,108483,12532],{},[134,108485,108486,108492,108495],{},[137,108487,108488,108489],{},"You want to remove ",[183,108490,108491],{},"any one item",[137,108493,108494],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[137,108496,108497],{},"You want the removed item returned",[31,108499,108501],{"className":33,"code":108500,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108502,108503,108523,108537],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108504,108505,108507,108509,108511,108513,108515,108517,108519,108521],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108506,47],{"class":46},[40,108508,51],{"class":50},[40,108510,10260],{"class":54},[40,108512,658],{"class":58},[40,108514,62],{"class":54},[40,108516,663],{"class":58},[40,108518,62],{"class":54},[40,108520,749],{"class":58},[40,108522,9079],{"class":54},[40,108524,108525,108527,108529,108531,108533,108535],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,108526,2230],{"class":46},[40,108528,51],{"class":50},[40,108530,4045],{"class":46},[40,108532,289],{"class":54},[40,108534,26002],{"class":91},[40,108536,8413],{"class":54},[40,108538,108539,108541,108543,108545],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,108540,101],{"class":84},[40,108542,88],{"class":54},[40,108544,2255],{"class":91},[40,108546,95],{"class":54},[792,108548,123,108550],{"id":108549},"use-remove",[15,108551,55272],{},[20,108553,123,108554,10371],{},[15,108555,55272],{},[134,108557,108558,108564],{},[137,108559,108560,108561],{},"You want to delete a ",[183,108562,108563],{},"specific item",[137,108565,108566],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[31,108568,108570],{"className":33,"code":108569,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108571,108572,108592,108606],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108573,108574,108576,108578,108580,108582,108584,108586,108588,108590],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108575,47],{"class":46},[40,108577,51],{"class":50},[40,108579,10260],{"class":54},[40,108581,658],{"class":58},[40,108583,62],{"class":54},[40,108585,663],{"class":58},[40,108587,62],{"class":54},[40,108589,749],{"class":58},[40,108591,9079],{"class":54},[40,108593,108594,108596,108598,108600,108602,108604],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,108595,92],{"class":46},[40,108597,289],{"class":54},[40,108599,34557],{"class":91},[40,108601,88],{"class":54},[40,108603,744],{"class":58},[40,108605,95],{"class":54},[40,108607,108608,108610,108612,108614],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,108609,101],{"class":84},[40,108611,88],{"class":54},[40,108613,92],{"class":91},[40,108615,95],{"class":54},[20,108617,108618,108619,108621,108622,108626],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108620,55272],{}," raises an error. See the ",[282,108623,108624,10510],{"href":97811},[15,108625,102470],{}," for details.",[792,108628,123,108630],{"id":108629},"use-discard",[15,108631,102456],{},[20,108633,123,108634,10371],{},[15,108635,102456],{},[134,108637,108638,108642],{},[137,108639,108560,108640],{},[183,108641,108563],{},[137,108643,108644,108645,108647],{},"You do ",[183,108646,185],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[31,108649,108651],{"className":33,"code":108650,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108652,108653,108673,108687],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108654,108655,108657,108659,108661,108663,108665,108667,108669,108671],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108656,47],{"class":46},[40,108658,51],{"class":50},[40,108660,10260],{"class":54},[40,108662,658],{"class":58},[40,108664,62],{"class":54},[40,108666,663],{"class":58},[40,108668,62],{"class":54},[40,108670,749],{"class":58},[40,108672,9079],{"class":54},[40,108674,108675,108677,108679,108681,108683,108685],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,108676,92],{"class":46},[40,108678,289],{"class":54},[40,108680,102523],{"class":91},[40,108682,88],{"class":54},[40,108684,682],{"class":58},[40,108686,95],{"class":54},[40,108688,108689,108691,108693,108695],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,108690,101],{"class":84},[40,108692,88],{"class":54},[40,108694,92],{"class":91},[40,108696,95],{"class":54},[20,108698,108699,108700,108702,108703,108707],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108701,682],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[282,108704,108705,10510],{"href":108059},[15,108706,102461],{}," for more examples.",[129,108709,2613],{"id":2612},[20,108711,71079,108712,2669],{},[15,108713,107703],{},[134,108715,108716,108722,108727,108732],{},[137,108717,108718,108719],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108720,108721],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[137,108723,8223,108724,108726],{},[15,108725,12532],{}," to remove the first or last item",[137,108728,29410,108729,108731],{},[15,108730,12532],{}," on an empty set",[137,108733,795,108734,108736],{},[15,108735,12532],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108738,62034],{},[31,108740,108742],{"className":33,"code":108741,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108743,108744,108754,108768,108782],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108745,108746,108748,108750,108752],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108747,101],{"class":84},[40,108749,88],{"class":54},[40,108751,15433],{"class":91},[40,108753,95],{"class":54},[40,108755,108756,108758,108760,108762,108764,108766],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,108757,101],{"class":84},[40,108759,88],{"class":54},[40,108761,17],{"class":84},[40,108763,88],{"class":54},[40,108765,15433],{"class":91},[40,108767,256],{"class":54},[40,108769,108770,108772,108774,108776,108778,108780],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,108771,101],{"class":84},[40,108773,88],{"class":54},[40,108775,1297],{"class":609},[40,108777,88],{"class":54},[40,108779,15433],{"class":91},[40,108781,256],{"class":54},[40,108783,108784,108786,108788,108790,108792,108794],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,108785,28298],{"class":46},[40,108787,51],{"class":50},[40,108789,96526],{"class":46},[40,108791,289],{"class":54},[40,108793,26002],{"class":91},[40,108795,8413],{"class":54},[20,108797,25769],{},[134,108799,108800,108803,108806,108809],{},[137,108801,108802],{},"What values are in the set",[137,108804,108805],{},"Whether the set is empty",[137,108807,108808],{},"That the object is really a set",[137,108810,108811],{},"What value was actually removed",[129,108813,1636],{"id":1635},[792,108815,12474,108817,108819],{"id":108816},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108818,107703],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108821,108822,108823,108825],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108824,12532],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[792,108827,108829,108830,2275],{"id":108828},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108831,107703],{},[20,108833,108834,108835,108837,108838,108840],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108836,12532],{},", set ",[15,108839,12532],{}," does not accept an index.",[792,108842,108844],{"id":108843},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108846,71248,108847,44382,108849,108851],{},[15,108848,19448],{},[15,108850,12532],{}," is called on an empty set.",[792,108853,108855],{"id":108854},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108857,123,108858,2662,108860,799,108862,289],{},[15,108859,55272],{},[15,108861,102456],{},[15,108863,12532],{},[129,108865,1687],{"id":1686},[134,108867,108868,108872,108878,108884,108888],{},[137,108869,108870],{},[282,108871,95930],{"href":97101},[137,108873,108874],{},[282,108875,96416,108876,10510],{"href":97811},[15,108877,55272],{},[137,108879,108880],{},[282,108881,96416,108882,10510],{"href":108059},[15,108883,102456],{},[137,108885,108886],{},[282,108887,11031],{"href":10844},[137,108889,108890],{},[282,108891,55258],{"href":54810},[1715,108893,108894],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":108896},[108897,108898,108900,108901,108902,108903,108909,108918,108919,108927],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":107823,"depth":76,"text":108899},"What set.pop() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":107961,"depth":76,"text":107962},{"id":108064,"depth":76,"text":108065},{"id":108218,"depth":76,"text":108219,"children":108904},[108905,108907],{"id":108284,"depth":98,"text":108906},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108375,"depth":98,"text":108908},"Use try and except",{"id":108465,"depth":76,"text":108910,"children":108911},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108912,108914,108916],{"id":108477,"depth":98,"text":108913},"Use pop()",{"id":108549,"depth":98,"text":108915},"Use remove()",{"id":108629,"depth":98,"text":108917},"Use discard()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":108920},[108921,108923,108925,108926],{"id":108816,"depth":98,"text":108922},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108828,"depth":98,"text":108924},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108843,"depth":98,"text":108844},{"id":108854,"depth":98,"text":108855},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107691,"description":108928},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108935,"title":108936,"body":108937,"description":110091,"extension":1746,"meta":110092,"navigation":360,"path":110093,"seo":110094,"stem":110095,"__hash__":110096},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108938,"toc":110059},[108939,108944,108949,108958,108960,109025,109029,109053,109060,109065,109069,109084,109087,109089,109108,109122,109125,109173,109177,109193,109195,109268,109272,109297,109303,109311,109315,109322,109377,109382,109399,109405,109411,109416,109424,109431,109435,109443,109498,109500,109517,109521,109528,109593,109597,109630,109632,109644,109651,109653,109658,109665,109667,109736,109740,109748,109750,109814,109818,109823,109870,109875,109943,109951,109958,109961,109967,109972,109976,109978,109981,109983,109988,109993,109999,110004,110011,110019,110025,110028,110030,110056],[10,108940,95802,108942,11091],{"id":108941},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108943,55272],{},[20,108945,108946,108948],{},[15,108947,102470],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108950,108951,108952,108955,108956,289],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[183,108953,108954],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,108957,19448],{},[129,108959,1787],{"id":1786},[31,108961,108963],{"className":33,"code":108962,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108964,108965,108997,109015],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,108966,108967,108969,108971,108973,108975,108977,108979,108981,108983,108985,108987,108989,108991,108993,108995],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,108968,309],{"class":46},[40,108970,51],{"class":50},[40,108972,10260],{"class":54},[40,108974,213],{"class":212},[40,108976,318],{"class":216},[40,108978,213],{"class":212},[40,108980,62],{"class":54},[40,108982,224],{"class":212},[40,108984,336],{"class":216},[40,108986,213],{"class":212},[40,108988,62],{"class":54},[40,108990,224],{"class":212},[40,108992,327],{"class":216},[40,108994,213],{"class":212},[40,108996,9079],{"class":54},[40,108998,108999,109001,109003,109005,109007,109009,109011,109013],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,109000,353],{"class":46},[40,109002,289],{"class":54},[40,109004,34557],{"class":91},[40,109006,88],{"class":54},[40,109008,213],{"class":212},[40,109010,336],{"class":216},[40,109012,213],{"class":212},[40,109014,95],{"class":54},[40,109016,109017,109019,109021,109023],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,109018,101],{"class":84},[40,109020,88],{"class":54},[40,109022,353],{"class":91},[40,109024,95],{"class":54},[20,109026,109027],{},[183,109028,29790],{},[31,109030,109031],{"className":33,"code":103150,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,109032,109033],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109034,109035,109037,109039,109041,109043,109045,109047,109049,109051],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109036,9048],{"class":54},[40,109038,3087],{"class":212},[40,109040,318],{"class":216},[40,109042,3087],{"class":212},[40,109044,62],{"class":54},[40,109046,3082],{"class":212},[40,109048,327],{"class":216},[40,109050,3087],{"class":212},[40,109052,9079],{"class":54},[20,109054,123,109055,109057,109058,289],{},[15,109056,55272],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109059,19448],{},[129,109061,158,109063,3466],{"id":109062},"what-setremove-does",[15,109064,102470],{},[20,109066,109067,2669],{},[15,109068,102470],{},[134,109070,109071,109074,109076,109078],{},[137,109072,109073],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[137,109075,95917],{},[137,109077,95920],{},[137,109079,109080,109081,109083],{},"Raises ",[15,109082,19448],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109085,109086],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[129,109088,1940],{"id":1939},[31,109090,109092],{"className":33,"code":109091,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109093,109094],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109095,109096,109098,109100,109102,109104,109106],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109097,15433],{"class":46},[40,109099,289],{"class":54},[40,109101,34557],{"class":91},[40,109103,88],{"class":54},[40,109105,2255],{"class":91},[40,109107,95],{"class":54},[134,109109,109110,109114,109119],{},[137,109111,109112,102692],{},[15,109113,15433],{},[137,109115,109116,109118],{},[15,109117,2255],{}," is the item to remove",[137,109120,109121],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109123,109124],{},"Here is a small example:",[31,109126,109127],{"className":33,"code":108569,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,109128,109129,109149,109163],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109130,109131,109133,109135,109137,109139,109141,109143,109145,109147],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109132,47],{"class":46},[40,109134,51],{"class":50},[40,109136,10260],{"class":54},[40,109138,658],{"class":58},[40,109140,62],{"class":54},[40,109142,663],{"class":58},[40,109144,62],{"class":54},[40,109146,749],{"class":58},[40,109148,9079],{"class":54},[40,109150,109151,109153,109155,109157,109159,109161],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,109152,92],{"class":46},[40,109154,289],{"class":54},[40,109156,34557],{"class":91},[40,109158,88],{"class":54},[40,109160,744],{"class":58},[40,109162,95],{"class":54},[40,109164,109165,109167,109169,109171],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,109166,101],{"class":84},[40,109168,88],{"class":54},[40,109170,92],{"class":91},[40,109172,95],{"class":54},[20,109174,109175],{},[183,109176,29790],{},[31,109178,109179],{"className":33,"code":100900,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,109180,109181],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109182,109183,109185,109187,109189,109191],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109184,9048],{"class":54},[40,109186,658],{"class":58},[40,109188,62],{"class":54},[40,109190,749],{"class":58},[40,109192,9079],{"class":54},[129,109194,11245],{"id":11244},[31,109196,109198],{"className":33,"code":109197,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109199,109200,109232,109236,109254,109258],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109201,109202,109204,109206,109208,109210,109212,109214,109216,109218,109220,109222,109224,109226,109228,109230],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109203,35995],{"class":46},[40,109205,51],{"class":50},[40,109207,10260],{"class":54},[40,109209,213],{"class":212},[40,109211,3862],{"class":216},[40,109213,213],{"class":212},[40,109215,62],{"class":54},[40,109217,224],{"class":212},[40,109219,3871],{"class":216},[40,109221,213],{"class":212},[40,109223,62],{"class":54},[40,109225,224],{"class":212},[40,109227,32982],{"class":216},[40,109229,213],{"class":212},[40,109231,9079],{"class":54},[40,109233,109234],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,109235,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,109237,109238,109240,109242,109244,109246,109248,109250,109252],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,109239,36047],{"class":46},[40,109241,289],{"class":54},[40,109243,34557],{"class":91},[40,109245,88],{"class":54},[40,109247,213],{"class":212},[40,109249,3871],{"class":216},[40,109251,213],{"class":212},[40,109253,95],{"class":54},[40,109255,109256],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,109257,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,109259,109260,109262,109264,109266],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,109261,101],{"class":84},[40,109263,88],{"class":54},[40,109265,36047],{"class":91},[40,109267,95],{"class":54},[20,109269,109270],{},[183,109271,29790],{},[31,109273,109275],{"className":33,"code":109274,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109276,109277],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109278,109279,109281,109283,109285,109287,109289,109291,109293,109295],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109280,9048],{"class":54},[40,109282,3087],{"class":212},[40,109284,3862],{"class":216},[40,109286,3087],{"class":212},[40,109288,62],{"class":54},[40,109290,3082],{"class":212},[40,109292,32982],{"class":216},[40,109294,3087],{"class":212},[40,109296,9079],{"class":54},[20,109298,109299,109300,109302],{},"This removes ",[15,109301,65012],{}," from the set.",[20,109304,109305,109306,109308,109309,289],{},"A set does ",[183,109307,185],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[282,109310,95934],{"href":97485},[129,109312,109314],{"id":109313},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109316,109317,109318,52242,109320,289],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109319,55272],{},[15,109321,19448],{},[31,109323,109325],{"className":33,"code":109324,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109326,109327,109359],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109328,109329,109331,109333,109335,109337,109339,109341,109343,109345,109347,109349,109351,109353,109355,109357],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109330,309],{"class":46},[40,109332,51],{"class":50},[40,109334,10260],{"class":54},[40,109336,213],{"class":212},[40,109338,318],{"class":216},[40,109340,213],{"class":212},[40,109342,62],{"class":54},[40,109344,224],{"class":212},[40,109346,336],{"class":216},[40,109348,213],{"class":212},[40,109350,62],{"class":54},[40,109352,224],{"class":212},[40,109354,327],{"class":216},[40,109356,213],{"class":212},[40,109358,9079],{"class":54},[40,109360,109361,109363,109365,109367,109369,109371,109373,109375],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,109362,353],{"class":46},[40,109364,289],{"class":54},[40,109366,34557],{"class":91},[40,109368,88],{"class":54},[40,109370,213],{"class":212},[40,109372,22285],{"class":216},[40,109374,213],{"class":212},[40,109376,95],{"class":54},[20,109378,109379],{},[183,109380,109381],{},"Result:",[31,109383,109385],{"className":33,"code":109384,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109386,109387],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109388,109389,109391,109393,109395,109397],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109390,19448],{"class":609},[40,109392,2669],{"class":54},[40,109394,3082],{"class":212},[40,109396,22285],{"class":216},[40,109398,29460],{"class":212},[20,109400,21950,109401,109404],{},[15,109402,109403],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109406,109407,109408,109410],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109409,55272],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109412,109413,109414,289],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[282,109415,11031],{"href":10844},[129,109417,139,109419,109421,109422],{"id":109418},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109420,55272],{}," is different from ",[15,109423,102456],{},[20,109425,109426,4176,109428,109430],{},[15,109427,55272],{},[15,109429,102456],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[792,109432,109433],{"id":34557},[15,109434,55272],{},[134,109436,109437,109440],{},[137,109438,109439],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[137,109441,109442],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[31,109444,109446],{"className":33,"code":109445,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109447,109448,109480],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109449,109450,109452,109454,109456,109458,109460,109462,109464,109466,109468,109470,109472,109474,109476,109478],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109451,1000],{"class":46},[40,109453,51],{"class":50},[40,109455,10260],{"class":54},[40,109457,213],{"class":212},[40,109459,282],{"class":216},[40,109461,213],{"class":212},[40,109463,62],{"class":54},[40,109465,224],{"class":212},[40,109467,1017],{"class":216},[40,109469,213],{"class":212},[40,109471,62],{"class":54},[40,109473,224],{"class":212},[40,109475,1026],{"class":216},[40,109477,213],{"class":212},[40,109479,9079],{"class":54},[40,109481,109482,109484,109486,109488,109490,109492,109494,109496],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,109483,1043],{"class":46},[40,109485,289],{"class":54},[40,109487,34557],{"class":91},[40,109489,88],{"class":54},[40,109491,213],{"class":212},[40,109493,18530],{"class":216},[40,109495,213],{"class":212},[40,109497,95],{"class":54},[20,109499,108256],{},[31,109501,109503],{"className":33,"code":109502,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109504,109505],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109506,109507,109509,109511,109513,109515],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109508,19448],{"class":609},[40,109510,2669],{"class":54},[40,109512,3082],{"class":212},[40,109514,18530],{"class":216},[40,109516,29460],{"class":212},[792,109518,109519],{"id":102523},[15,109520,102456],{},[134,109522,109523,109525],{},[137,109524,109439],{},[137,109526,109527],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[31,109529,109531],{"className":33,"code":109530,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109532,109533,109565,109583],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109534,109535,109537,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547,109549,109551,109553,109555,109557,109559,109561,109563],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109536,1000],{"class":46},[40,109538,51],{"class":50},[40,109540,10260],{"class":54},[40,109542,213],{"class":212},[40,109544,282],{"class":216},[40,109546,213],{"class":212},[40,109548,62],{"class":54},[40,109550,224],{"class":212},[40,109552,1017],{"class":216},[40,109554,213],{"class":212},[40,109556,62],{"class":54},[40,109558,224],{"class":212},[40,109560,1026],{"class":216},[40,109562,213],{"class":212},[40,109564,9079],{"class":54},[40,109566,109567,109569,109571,109573,109575,109577,109579,109581],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,109568,1043],{"class":46},[40,109570,289],{"class":54},[40,109572,102523],{"class":91},[40,109574,88],{"class":54},[40,109576,213],{"class":212},[40,109578,18530],{"class":216},[40,109580,213],{"class":212},[40,109582,95],{"class":54},[40,109584,109585,109587,109589,109591],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,109586,101],{"class":84},[40,109588,88],{"class":54},[40,109590,1043],{"class":91},[40,109592,95],{"class":54},[20,109594,109595],{},[183,109596,111],{},[31,109598,109600],{"className":33,"code":109599,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109601,109602],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109603,109604,109606,109608,109610,109612,109614,109616,109618,109620,109622,109624,109626,109628],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109605,9048],{"class":54},[40,109607,3087],{"class":212},[40,109609,282],{"class":216},[40,109611,3087],{"class":212},[40,109613,62],{"class":54},[40,109615,3082],{"class":212},[40,109617,1017],{"class":216},[40,109619,3087],{"class":212},[40,109621,62],{"class":54},[40,109623,3082],{"class":212},[40,109625,1026],{"class":216},[40,109627,3087],{"class":212},[40,109629,9079],{"class":54},[20,109631,18457],{},[134,109633,109634,109639],{},[137,109635,109636,109638],{},[15,109637,55272],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[137,109640,109641,109643],{},[15,109642,102456],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109645,109646,109647,289],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[282,109648,96416,109649,10510],{"href":108059},[15,109650,102456],{},[129,109652,790],{"id":789},[792,109654,8223,109656,96796],{"id":109655},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109657,55272],{},[20,109659,109660,109662,109663,289],{},[15,109661,55272],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109664,3565],{},[20,109666,807],{},[31,109668,109670],{"className":33,"code":109669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109671,109672,109704,109726],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109673,109674,109676,109678,109680,109682,109684,109686,109688,109690,109692,109694,109696,109698,109700,109702],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109675,309],{"class":46},[40,109677,51],{"class":50},[40,109679,10260],{"class":54},[40,109681,213],{"class":212},[40,109683,318],{"class":216},[40,109685,213],{"class":212},[40,109687,62],{"class":54},[40,109689,224],{"class":212},[40,109691,336],{"class":216},[40,109693,213],{"class":212},[40,109695,62],{"class":54},[40,109697,224],{"class":212},[40,109699,327],{"class":216},[40,109701,213],{"class":212},[40,109703,9079],{"class":54},[40,109705,109706,109708,109710,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,109707,12885],{"class":46},[40,109709,51],{"class":50},[40,109711,12890],{"class":46},[40,109713,289],{"class":54},[40,109715,34557],{"class":91},[40,109717,88],{"class":54},[40,109719,213],{"class":212},[40,109721,336],{"class":216},[40,109723,213],{"class":212},[40,109725,95],{"class":54},[40,109727,109728,109730,109732,109734],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,109729,101],{"class":84},[40,109731,88],{"class":54},[40,109733,12909],{"class":91},[40,109735,95],{"class":54},[20,109737,109738],{},[183,109739,111],{},[31,109741,109742],{"className":33,"code":11577,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,109743,109744],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109745,109746],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109747,11577],{"class":1494},[20,109749,850],{},[31,109751,109752],{"className":33,"code":108962,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,109753,109754,109786,109804],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109755,109756,109758,109760,109762,109764,109766,109768,109770,109772,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782,109784],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109757,309],{"class":46},[40,109759,51],{"class":50},[40,109761,10260],{"class":54},[40,109763,213],{"class":212},[40,109765,318],{"class":216},[40,109767,213],{"class":212},[40,109769,62],{"class":54},[40,109771,224],{"class":212},[40,109773,336],{"class":216},[40,109775,213],{"class":212},[40,109777,62],{"class":54},[40,109779,224],{"class":212},[40,109781,327],{"class":216},[40,109783,213],{"class":212},[40,109785,9079],{"class":54},[40,109787,109788,109790,109792,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,109789,353],{"class":46},[40,109791,289],{"class":54},[40,109793,34557],{"class":91},[40,109795,88],{"class":54},[40,109797,213],{"class":212},[40,109799,336],{"class":216},[40,109801,213],{"class":212},[40,109803,95],{"class":54},[40,109805,109806,109808,109810,109812],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,109807,101],{"class":84},[40,109809,88],{"class":54},[40,109811,353],{"class":91},[40,109813,95],{"class":54},[792,109815,109817],{"id":109816},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109819,109820,109821,289],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109822,19448],{},[31,109824,109826],{"className":33,"code":109825,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109827,109828,109852],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109829,109830,109832,109834,109836,109838,109840,109842,109844,109846,109848,109850],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109831,309],{"class":46},[40,109833,51],{"class":50},[40,109835,10260],{"class":54},[40,109837,213],{"class":212},[40,109839,318],{"class":216},[40,109841,213],{"class":212},[40,109843,62],{"class":54},[40,109845,224],{"class":212},[40,109847,336],{"class":216},[40,109849,213],{"class":212},[40,109851,9079],{"class":54},[40,109853,109854,109856,109858,109860,109862,109864,109866,109868],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,109855,353],{"class":46},[40,109857,289],{"class":54},[40,109859,34557],{"class":91},[40,109861,88],{"class":54},[40,109863,213],{"class":212},[40,109865,327],{"class":216},[40,109867,213],{"class":212},[40,109869,95],{"class":54},[20,109871,109872,109873,2669],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109874,1554],{},[31,109876,109878],{"className":33,"code":109877,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109879,109880,109904,109908,109924],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,109881,109882,109884,109886,109888,109890,109892,109894,109896,109898,109900,109902],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,109883,309],{"class":46},[40,109885,51],{"class":50},[40,109887,10260],{"class":54},[40,109889,213],{"class":212},[40,109891,318],{"class":216},[40,109893,213],{"class":212},[40,109895,62],{"class":54},[40,109897,224],{"class":212},[40,109899,336],{"class":216},[40,109901,213],{"class":212},[40,109903,9079],{"class":54},[40,109905,109906],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,109907,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,109909,109910,109912,109914,109916,109918,109920,109922],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,109911,536],{"class":535},[40,109913,224],{"class":212},[40,109915,327],{"class":216},[40,109917,213],{"class":212},[40,109919,20934],{"class":50},[40,109921,12890],{"class":46},[40,109923,553],{"class":54},[40,109925,109926,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,109927,109928],{"class":46},"    colors",[40,109930,289],{"class":54},[40,109932,34557],{"class":91},[40,109934,88],{"class":54},[40,109936,213],{"class":212},[40,109938,327],{"class":216},[40,109940,213],{"class":212},[40,109942,95],{"class":54},[20,109944,109945,109946,109950],{},"Or use ",[282,109947,109948],{"href":108059},[15,109949,102456],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[792,109952,36960,109954,8475,109956],{"id":109953},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109955,102470],{},[15,109957,54818],{},[20,109959,109960],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,109962,109963,109964,109966],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,109965,102470],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,109968,109969,109970,289],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[282,109971,98680],{"href":98679},[792,109973,109975],{"id":109974},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,109977,107965],{},[20,109979,109980],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[129,109982,1636],{"id":1635},[792,109984,12474,109986,96895],{"id":109985},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,109987,102470],{},[20,109989,109990,109991,289],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,109992,3565],{},[792,109994,30047,109996,109998],{"id":109995},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,109997,102470],{}," raise?",[20,110000,30053,110001,110003],{},[15,110002,19448],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[792,110005,21181,110007,2662,110009,2275],{"id":110006},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110008,55272],{},[15,110010,102456],{},[20,110012,123,110013,110015,110016,110018],{},[15,110014,55272],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110017,102456],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[792,110020,4947,110022,110024],{"id":110021},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110023,102470],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110026,110027],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[129,110029,1687],{"id":1686},[134,110031,110032,110038,110044,110048,110052],{},[137,110033,110034],{},[282,110035,96416,110036,10510],{"href":108059},[15,110037,102456],{},[137,110039,110040],{},[282,110041,96416,110042,10510],{"href":97816},[15,110043,12532],{},[137,110045,110046],{},[282,110047,96940],{"href":97485},[137,110049,110050],{},[282,110051,99946],{"href":98679},[137,110053,110054],{},[282,110055,11031],{"href":10844},[1715,110057,110058],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":110060},[110061,110062,110064,110065,110066,110067,110072,110080,110090],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":109062,"depth":76,"text":110063},"What set.remove() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":109313,"depth":76,"text":109314},{"id":109418,"depth":76,"text":110068,"children":110069},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110070,110071],{"id":34557,"depth":98,"text":55272},{"id":102523,"depth":98,"text":102456},{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":110073},[110074,110076,110077,110079],{"id":109655,"depth":98,"text":110075},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109816,"depth":98,"text":109817},{"id":109953,"depth":98,"text":110078},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109974,"depth":98,"text":109975},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":110081},[110082,110084,110086,110088],{"id":109985,"depth":98,"text":110083},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":109995,"depth":98,"text":110085},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110006,"depth":98,"text":110087},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110021,"depth":98,"text":110089},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108936,"description":110091},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110098,"title":110099,"body":110100,"description":111473,"extension":1746,"meta":111474,"navigation":360,"path":111475,"seo":111476,"stem":111477,"__hash__":111478},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110101,"toc":111448},[110102,110108,110114,110117,110120,110134,110136,110217,110220,110225,110229,110243,110250,110252,110271,110274,110292,110294,110374,110376,110401,110405,110408,110416,110421,110426,110428,110441,110446,110449,110473,110476,110484,110486,110489,110586,110588,110621,110623,110649,110656,110659,110663,110671,110675,110683,110685,110775,110777,110791,110798,110803,110808,110810,110901,110903,110915,110917,110931,110937,110945,110947,111029,111031,111076,111079,111087,111090,111092,111096,111139,111141,111161,111166,111168,111253,111255,111260,111262,111269,111277,111283,111286,111288,111374,111376,111400,111404,111407,111409,111436,111446],[10,110103,95802,110105,11091],{"id":110104},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110106,110107],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110109,110110,110113],{},[15,110111,110112],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110115,110116],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110118,110119],{},"Use it when:",[134,110121,110122,110125,110131],{},[137,110123,110124],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[137,110126,110127,110128,110130],{},"you do ",[183,110129,185],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[137,110132,110133],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[129,110135,3396],{"id":3395},[31,110137,110139],{"className":33,"code":110138,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110140,110141,110161,110181,110185,110204],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110142,110143,110145,110147,110149,110151,110153,110155,110157,110159],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110144,1384],{"class":46},[40,110146,51],{"class":50},[40,110148,10260],{"class":54},[40,110150,658],{"class":58},[40,110152,62],{"class":54},[40,110154,663],{"class":58},[40,110156,62],{"class":54},[40,110158,749],{"class":58},[40,110160,9079],{"class":54},[40,110162,110163,110165,110167,110169,110171,110173,110175,110177,110179],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,110164,1405],{"class":46},[40,110166,51],{"class":50},[40,110168,10260],{"class":54},[40,110170,401],{"class":58},[40,110172,62],{"class":54},[40,110174,675],{"class":58},[40,110176,62],{"class":54},[40,110178,4387],{"class":58},[40,110180,9079],{"class":54},[40,110182,110183],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,110184,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,110186,110187,110189,110191,110193,110195,110198,110200,110202],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,110188,2013],{"class":46},[40,110190,51],{"class":50},[40,110192,56630],{"class":46},[40,110194,289],{"class":54},[40,110196,110197],{"class":91},"symmetric_difference",[40,110199,88],{"class":54},[40,110201,1017],{"class":91},[40,110203,95],{"class":54},[40,110205,110206,110208,110210,110212,110214],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,110207,101],{"class":84},[40,110209,88],{"class":54},[40,110211,2048],{"class":91},[40,110213,18],{"class":54},[40,110215,110216],{"class":3449},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110218,110219],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[129,110221,158,110223,3466],{"id":110222},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110224,110107],{},[20,110226,110227,2669],{},[15,110228,110112],{},[134,110230,110231,110234,110237,110240],{},[137,110232,110233],{},"returns a new set",[137,110235,110236],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[137,110238,110239],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[137,110241,110242],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110244,95926,110245,2662,110247,289],{},[282,110246,95930],{"href":95929},[282,110248,110249],{"href":95933},"creating a set in Python",[129,110251,1940],{"id":1939},[31,110253,110255],{"className":33,"code":110254,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110256,110257],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110258,110259,110261,110263,110265,110267,110269],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110260,100187],{"class":46},[40,110262,289],{"class":54},[40,110264,110197],{"class":91},[40,110266,88],{"class":54},[40,110268,100196],{"class":91},[40,110270,95],{"class":54},[20,110272,110273],{},"Notes:",[134,110275,110276,110281,110286,110289],{},[137,110277,110278,110280],{},[15,110279,100187],{}," must be a set",[137,110282,110283,110285],{},[15,110284,100196],{}," can be any iterable",[137,110287,110288],{},"the result is always a set",[137,110290,110291],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110293,195],{},[31,110295,110297],{"className":33,"code":110296,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110298,110299,110320,110341,110345,110364],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110300,110301,110304,110306,110308,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110302,110303],{"class":46},"set1 ",[40,110305,51],{"class":50},[40,110307,10260],{"class":54},[40,110309,658],{"class":58},[40,110311,62],{"class":54},[40,110313,663],{"class":58},[40,110315,62],{"class":54},[40,110317,749],{"class":58},[40,110319,9079],{"class":54},[40,110321,110322,110325,110327,110329,110331,110333,110335,110337,110339],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,110323,110324],{"class":46},"set2 ",[40,110326,51],{"class":50},[40,110328,10260],{"class":54},[40,110330,401],{"class":58},[40,110332,62],{"class":54},[40,110334,675],{"class":58},[40,110336,62],{"class":54},[40,110338,4387],{"class":58},[40,110340,9079],{"class":54},[40,110342,110343],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,110344,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,110346,110347,110349,110351,110354,110356,110358,110360,110362],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,110348,2013],{"class":46},[40,110350,51],{"class":50},[40,110352,110353],{"class":46}," set1",[40,110355,289],{"class":54},[40,110357,110197],{"class":91},[40,110359,88],{"class":54},[40,110361,100196],{"class":91},[40,110363,95],{"class":54},[40,110365,110366,110368,110370,110372],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,110367,101],{"class":84},[40,110369,88],{"class":54},[40,110371,2048],{"class":91},[40,110373,95],{"class":54},[20,110375,111],{},[31,110377,110379],{"className":33,"code":110378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110380,110381],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110382,110383,110385,110387,110389,110391,110393,110395,110397,110399],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110384,9048],{"class":54},[40,110386,658],{"class":58},[40,110388,62],{"class":54},[40,110390,663],{"class":58},[40,110392,62],{"class":54},[40,110394,675],{"class":58},[40,110396,62],{"class":54},[40,110398,4387],{"class":58},[40,110400,9079],{"class":54},[129,110402,110404],{"id":110403},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110406,110407],{},"The result includes:",[134,110409,110410,110413],{},[137,110411,110412],{},"items only in the first set",[137,110414,110415],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110417,110418,110419,10853],{},"The result does ",[183,110420,185],{},[134,110422,110423],{},[137,110424,110425],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110427,5251],{},[134,110429,110430,110435],{},[137,110431,110432,110433],{},"first set: ",[15,110434,99884],{},[137,110436,110437,110438],{},"second set: ",[15,110439,110440],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110442,3833,110443,110445],{},[15,110444,401],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110447,110448],{},"The output is:",[31,110450,110451],{"className":33,"code":110378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,110452,110453],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110454,110455,110457,110459,110461,110463,110465,110467,110469,110471],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110456,9048],{"class":54},[40,110458,658],{"class":58},[40,110460,62],{"class":54},[40,110462,663],{"class":58},[40,110464,62],{"class":54},[40,110466,675],{"class":58},[40,110468,62],{"class":54},[40,110470,4387],{"class":58},[40,110472,9079],{"class":54},[20,110474,110475],{},"Also remember:",[134,110477,110478,110481],{},[137,110479,110480],{},"sets are unordered",[137,110482,110483],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[129,110485,11245],{"id":11244},[20,110487,110488],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[31,110490,110492],{"className":33,"code":110491,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110493,110494,110526,110550,110554,110572,110576],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110495,110496,110498,110500,110502,110504,110506,110508,110510,110512,110514,110516,110518,110520,110522,110524],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110497,106627],{"class":46},[40,110499,51],{"class":50},[40,110501,10260],{"class":54},[40,110503,213],{"class":212},[40,110505,318],{"class":216},[40,110507,213],{"class":212},[40,110509,62],{"class":54},[40,110511,224],{"class":212},[40,110513,336],{"class":216},[40,110515,213],{"class":212},[40,110517,62],{"class":54},[40,110519,224],{"class":212},[40,110521,327],{"class":216},[40,110523,213],{"class":212},[40,110525,9079],{"class":54},[40,110527,110528,110530,110532,110534,110536,110538,110540,110542,110544,110546,110548],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,110529,106660],{"class":46},[40,110531,51],{"class":50},[40,110533,10260],{"class":54},[40,110535,213],{"class":212},[40,110537,327],{"class":216},[40,110539,213],{"class":212},[40,110541,62],{"class":54},[40,110543,224],{"class":212},[40,110545,22285],{"class":216},[40,110547,213],{"class":212},[40,110549,9079],{"class":54},[40,110551,110552],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,110553,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,110555,110556,110558,110560,110562,110564,110566,110568,110570],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,110557,2013],{"class":46},[40,110559,51],{"class":50},[40,110561,106702],{"class":46},[40,110563,289],{"class":54},[40,110565,110197],{"class":91},[40,110567,88],{"class":54},[40,110569,106711],{"class":91},[40,110571,95],{"class":54},[40,110573,110574],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,110575,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,110577,110578,110580,110582,110584],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,110579,101],{"class":84},[40,110581,88],{"class":54},[40,110583,2048],{"class":91},[40,110585,95],{"class":54},[20,110587,111],{},[31,110589,110591],{"className":33,"code":110590,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110592,110593],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110594,110595,110597,110599,110601,110603,110605,110607,110609,110611,110613,110615,110617,110619],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110596,9048],{"class":54},[40,110598,3087],{"class":212},[40,110600,318],{"class":216},[40,110602,3087],{"class":212},[40,110604,62],{"class":54},[40,110606,3082],{"class":212},[40,110608,336],{"class":216},[40,110610,3087],{"class":212},[40,110612,62],{"class":54},[40,110614,3082],{"class":212},[40,110616,22285],{"class":216},[40,110618,3087],{"class":212},[40,110620,9079],{"class":54},[20,110622,13176],{},[134,110624,110625,110630,110641],{},[137,110626,110627,110629],{},[15,110628,96095],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[137,110631,110632,4176,110634,110637,110638,110640],{},[15,110633,65130],{},[15,110635,110636],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110639,106764],{},", so they stay",[137,110642,110643,110645,110646,110648],{},[15,110644,109403],{}," is only in ",[15,110647,106711],{},", so it stays",[129,110650,110652,10355,110654],{"id":110651},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110653,110107],{},[15,110655,100016],{},[20,110657,110658],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110660,110661,2669],{},[15,110662,100016],{},[134,110664,110665,110668],{},[137,110666,110667],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[137,110669,110670],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110672,110673,2669],{},[15,110674,110107],{},[134,110676,110677,110680],{},[137,110678,110679],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[137,110681,110682],{},"removes shared items",[20,110684,195],{},[31,110686,110688],{"className":33,"code":110687,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110689,110690,110710,110730,110734,110755],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110691,110692,110694,110696,110698,110700,110702,110704,110706,110708],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110693,1384],{"class":46},[40,110695,51],{"class":50},[40,110697,10260],{"class":54},[40,110699,658],{"class":58},[40,110701,62],{"class":54},[40,110703,663],{"class":58},[40,110705,62],{"class":54},[40,110707,749],{"class":58},[40,110709,9079],{"class":54},[40,110711,110712,110714,110716,110718,110720,110722,110724,110726,110728],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,110713,1405],{"class":46},[40,110715,51],{"class":50},[40,110717,10260],{"class":54},[40,110719,401],{"class":58},[40,110721,62],{"class":54},[40,110723,675],{"class":58},[40,110725,62],{"class":54},[40,110727,4387],{"class":58},[40,110729,9079],{"class":54},[40,110731,110732],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,110733,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,110735,110736,110738,110740,110742,110744,110746,110748,110750,110752],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,110737,101],{"class":84},[40,110739,88],{"class":54},[40,110741,282],{"class":91},[40,110743,289],{"class":54},[40,110745,2594],{"class":91},[40,110747,88],{"class":54},[40,110749,1017],{"class":91},[40,110751,5140],{"class":54},[40,110753,110754],{"class":3449},"            # {1, 2}\n",[40,110756,110757,110759,110761,110763,110765,110767,110769,110771,110773],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,110758,101],{"class":84},[40,110760,88],{"class":54},[40,110762,282],{"class":91},[40,110764,289],{"class":54},[40,110766,110197],{"class":91},[40,110768,88],{"class":54},[40,110770,1017],{"class":91},[40,110772,5140],{"class":54},[40,110774,110216],{"class":3449},[20,110776,18457],{},[134,110778,110779,110786],{},[137,110780,110781,110785],{},[282,110782,110783],{"href":102442},[15,110784,100016],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[137,110787,110788,110790],{},[15,110789,110107],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[129,110792,110794,10355,110796],{"id":110793},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110795,110107],{},[15,110797,102401],{},[20,110799,110800,110802],{},[15,110801,102401],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110804,110805,110807],{},[15,110806,110107],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110809,195],{},[31,110811,110813],{"className":33,"code":110812,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110814,110815,110835,110855,110859,110881],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110816,110817,110819,110821,110823,110825,110827,110829,110831,110833],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110818,1384],{"class":46},[40,110820,51],{"class":50},[40,110822,10260],{"class":54},[40,110824,658],{"class":58},[40,110826,62],{"class":54},[40,110828,663],{"class":58},[40,110830,62],{"class":54},[40,110832,749],{"class":58},[40,110834,9079],{"class":54},[40,110836,110837,110839,110841,110843,110845,110847,110849,110851,110853],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,110838,1405],{"class":46},[40,110840,51],{"class":50},[40,110842,10260],{"class":54},[40,110844,401],{"class":58},[40,110846,62],{"class":54},[40,110848,675],{"class":58},[40,110850,62],{"class":54},[40,110852,4387],{"class":58},[40,110854,9079],{"class":54},[40,110856,110857],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,110858,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,110860,110861,110863,110865,110867,110869,110872,110874,110876,110878],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,110862,101],{"class":84},[40,110864,88],{"class":54},[40,110866,282],{"class":91},[40,110868,289],{"class":54},[40,110870,110871],{"class":91},"union",[40,110873,88],{"class":54},[40,110875,1017],{"class":91},[40,110877,5140],{"class":54},[40,110879,110880],{"class":3449},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[40,110882,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895,110897,110899],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,110884,101],{"class":84},[40,110886,88],{"class":54},[40,110888,282],{"class":91},[40,110890,289],{"class":54},[40,110892,110197],{"class":91},[40,110894,88],{"class":54},[40,110896,1017],{"class":91},[40,110898,5140],{"class":54},[40,110900,110216],{"class":3449},[20,110902,26982],{},[134,110904,110905,110910],{},[137,110906,110907,110909],{},[15,110908,102401],{}," includes everything",[137,110911,110912,110914],{},[15,110913,110107],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110916,18457],{},[134,110918,110919,110926],{},[137,110920,110921,110925],{},[282,110922,110923],{"href":107332},[15,110924,102401],{}," when overlap does not matter",[137,110927,110928,110930],{},[15,110929,110107],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[129,110932,36369,110934,101200],{"id":110933},"using-the-operator",[15,110935,110936],{},"^",[20,110938,110939,110940,110942,110943,289],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110941,110936],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110944,110107],{},[20,110946,195],{},[31,110948,110950],{"className":33,"code":110949,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110951,110952,110972,110992,110996,111014],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,110953,110954,110956,110958,110960,110962,110964,110966,110968,110970],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,110955,110303],{"class":46},[40,110957,51],{"class":50},[40,110959,10260],{"class":54},[40,110961,658],{"class":58},[40,110963,62],{"class":54},[40,110965,663],{"class":58},[40,110967,62],{"class":54},[40,110969,749],{"class":58},[40,110971,9079],{"class":54},[40,110973,110974,110976,110978,110980,110982,110984,110986,110988,110990],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,110975,110324],{"class":46},[40,110977,51],{"class":50},[40,110979,10260],{"class":54},[40,110981,401],{"class":58},[40,110983,62],{"class":54},[40,110985,675],{"class":58},[40,110987,62],{"class":54},[40,110989,4387],{"class":58},[40,110991,9079],{"class":54},[40,110993,110994],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,110995,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,110997,110998,111000,111002,111004,111006,111008,111010,111012],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,110999,101],{"class":84},[40,111001,88],{"class":54},[40,111003,100187],{"class":91},[40,111005,289],{"class":54},[40,111007,110197],{"class":91},[40,111009,88],{"class":54},[40,111011,100196],{"class":91},[40,111013,256],{"class":54},[40,111015,111016,111018,111020,111022,111024,111027],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,111017,101],{"class":84},[40,111019,88],{"class":54},[40,111021,110303],{"class":91},[40,111023,110936],{"class":50},[40,111025,111026],{"class":91}," set2",[40,111028,95],{"class":54},[20,111030,29790],{},[31,111032,111034],{"className":33,"code":111033,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111035,111036,111056],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111037,111038,111040,111042,111044,111046,111048,111050,111052,111054],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111039,9048],{"class":54},[40,111041,658],{"class":58},[40,111043,62],{"class":54},[40,111045,663],{"class":58},[40,111047,62],{"class":54},[40,111049,675],{"class":58},[40,111051,62],{"class":54},[40,111053,4387],{"class":58},[40,111055,9079],{"class":54},[40,111057,111058,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068,111070,111072,111074],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,111059,9048],{"class":54},[40,111061,658],{"class":58},[40,111063,62],{"class":54},[40,111065,663],{"class":58},[40,111067,62],{"class":54},[40,111069,675],{"class":58},[40,111071,62],{"class":54},[40,111073,4387],{"class":58},[40,111075,9079],{"class":54},[20,111077,111078],{},"Both forms:",[134,111080,111081,111084],{},[137,111082,111083],{},"return a new set",[137,111085,111086],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111088,111089],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[129,111091,790],{"id":789},[20,111093,20972,111094,2669],{},[15,111095,110107],{},[134,111097,111098,111106,111116,111131],{},[137,111099,111100,111103,111105],{},[183,111101,111102],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9615,111104],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[137,111107,111108,111111,111113,111115],{},[183,111109,111110],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9615,111112],{},[15,111114,110107],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[137,111117,111118,111123,111125,111127,111128,111130],{},[183,111119,111120,111121],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111122,100016],{},[9615,111124],{},[15,111126,100016],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111129,110107],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[137,111132,111133,111136,111138],{},[183,111134,111135],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9615,111137],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111140,58604],{},[134,111142,111143,111152,111155,111158],{},[137,111144,50244,111145,44382,111147,111151],{},[15,111146,110107],{},[282,111148,111149],{"href":107332},[15,111150,102401],{}," is actually needed",[137,111153,111154],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[137,111156,111157],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[137,111159,111160],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111162,111163,111164,289],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[282,111165,98680],{"href":104945},[20,111167,62034],{},[31,111169,111171],{"className":33,"code":111170,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111172,111173,111183,111193,111211,111225,111239],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111174,111175,111177,111179,111181],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111176,101],{"class":84},[40,111178,88],{"class":54},[40,111180,100187],{"class":91},[40,111182,95],{"class":54},[40,111184,111185,111187,111189,111191],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,111186,101],{"class":84},[40,111188,88],{"class":54},[40,111190,100196],{"class":91},[40,111192,95],{"class":54},[40,111194,111195,111197,111199,111201,111203,111205,111207,111209],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,111196,101],{"class":84},[40,111198,88],{"class":54},[40,111200,100187],{"class":91},[40,111202,289],{"class":54},[40,111204,110197],{"class":91},[40,111206,88],{"class":54},[40,111208,100196],{"class":91},[40,111210,256],{"class":54},[40,111212,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221,111223],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,111214,101],{"class":84},[40,111216,88],{"class":54},[40,111218,110303],{"class":91},[40,111220,110936],{"class":50},[40,111222,111026],{"class":91},[40,111224,95],{"class":54},[40,111226,111227,111229,111231,111233,111235,111237],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,111228,101],{"class":84},[40,111230,88],{"class":54},[40,111232,1297],{"class":609},[40,111234,88],{"class":54},[40,111236,100187],{"class":91},[40,111238,256],{"class":54},[40,111240,111241,111243,111245,111247,111249,111251],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,111242,101],{"class":84},[40,111244,88],{"class":54},[40,111246,1297],{"class":609},[40,111248,88],{"class":54},[40,111250,100196],{"class":91},[40,111252,256],{"class":54},[129,111254,1636],{"id":1635},[792,111256,12474,111258,102341],{"id":111257},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111259,110107],{},[20,111261,102344],{},[792,111263,4957,111265,4176,111267,2275],{"id":111264},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111266,110107],{},[15,111268,100016],{},[20,111270,111271,111273,111274,111276],{},[15,111272,100016],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111275,110107],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[792,111278,1671,111280,111282],{"id":111279},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111281,110107],{}," with lists?",[20,111284,111285],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111287,195],{},[31,111289,111291],{"className":33,"code":111290,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111292,111293,111313,111333,111337,111364],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111294,111295,111297,111299,111301,111303,111305,111307,111309,111311],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111296,80257],{"class":46},[40,111298,51],{"class":50},[40,111300,55],{"class":54},[40,111302,658],{"class":58},[40,111304,62],{"class":54},[40,111306,663],{"class":58},[40,111308,62],{"class":54},[40,111310,749],{"class":58},[40,111312,73],{"class":54},[40,111314,111315,111317,111319,111321,111323,111325,111327,111329,111331],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,111316,80278],{"class":46},[40,111318,51],{"class":50},[40,111320,55],{"class":54},[40,111322,401],{"class":58},[40,111324,62],{"class":54},[40,111326,675],{"class":58},[40,111328,62],{"class":54},[40,111330,4387],{"class":58},[40,111332,73],{"class":54},[40,111334,111335],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,111336,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,111338,111339,111341,111343,111345,111347,111350,111352,111354,111356,111358,111360,111362],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,111340,2013],{"class":46},[40,111342,51],{"class":50},[40,111344,15400],{"class":609},[40,111346,88],{"class":54},[40,111348,111349],{"class":91},"list1",[40,111351,8401],{"class":54},[40,111353,110197],{"class":91},[40,111355,88],{"class":54},[40,111357,6064],{"class":609},[40,111359,88],{"class":54},[40,111361,80544],{"class":91},[40,111363,256],{"class":54},[40,111365,111366,111368,111370,111372],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,111367,101],{"class":84},[40,111369,88],{"class":54},[40,111371,2048],{"class":91},[40,111373,95],{"class":54},[20,111375,111],{},[31,111377,111378],{"className":33,"code":110378,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,111379,111380],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111381,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390,111392,111394,111396,111398],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111383,9048],{"class":54},[40,111385,658],{"class":58},[40,111387,62],{"class":54},[40,111389,663],{"class":58},[40,111391,62],{"class":54},[40,111393,675],{"class":58},[40,111395,62],{"class":54},[40,111397,4387],{"class":58},[40,111399,9079],{"class":54},[792,111401,111403],{"id":111402},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111405,111406],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[129,111408,1687],{"id":1686},[134,111410,111411,111415,111420,111426,111432],{},[137,111412,111413],{},[282,111414,95930],{"href":95929},[137,111416,111417],{},[282,111418,111419],{"href":95933},"Creating a set in Python",[137,111421,111422],{},[282,111423,96416,111424,10510],{"href":102442},[15,111425,100016],{},[137,111427,111428],{},[282,111429,96416,111430,10510],{"href":107332},[15,111431,102401],{},[137,111433,111434],{},[282,111435,99946],{"href":104945},[20,111437,111438,111439,1973,111441,16837,111443,111445],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111440,100016],{},[15,111442,102401],{},[15,111444,110107],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1715,111447,56984],{},{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":111449},[111450,111451,111453,111454,111455,111456,111458,111460,111462,111463,111472],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":110222,"depth":76,"text":111452},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":110403,"depth":76,"text":110404},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":110651,"depth":76,"text":111457},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110793,"depth":76,"text":111459},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110933,"depth":76,"text":111461},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":111464},[111465,111467,111469,111471],{"id":111257,"depth":98,"text":111466},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111264,"depth":98,"text":111468},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111279,"depth":98,"text":111470},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111402,"depth":98,"text":111403},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110099,"description":111473},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111480,"title":111481,"body":111482,"description":113545,"extension":1746,"meta":113546,"navigation":360,"path":107332,"seo":113547,"stem":113548,"__hash__":113549},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111483,"toc":113504},[111484,111489,111494,111497,111510,111512,111594,111599,111604,111608,111620,111623,111627,111629,111656,111658,111669,111672,111741,111743,111749,111752,111762,111764,111853,111858,111860,111867,111870,111872,111875,111995,111997,112066,112069,112086,112091,112094,112210,112212,112241,112244,112250,112255,112259,112340,112342,112370,112375,112379,112474,112476,112517,112521,112524,112591,112593,112634,112640,112655,112662,112669,112673,112679,112765,112769,112777,112848,112853,112860,112862,112868,112870,112935,112937,112953,112958,112961,113030,113034,113037,113096,113099,113103,113156,113169,113172,113225,113229,113231,113262,113265,113270,113323,113327,113330,113351,113363,113365,113418,113420,113425,113427,113433,113436,113442,113447,113451,113454,113462,113471,113473,113501],[10,111485,285,111487,11091],{"id":111486},"python-setunion-method",[15,111488,107645],{},[20,111490,111491,111493],{},[15,111492,107645],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111495,111496],{},"It is useful when you want:",[134,111498,111499,111502,111507],{},[137,111500,111501],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[137,111503,1384,111504,111506],{},[183,111505,100371],{}," as the result",[137,111508,111509],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[129,111511,1787],{"id":1786},[31,111513,111515],{"className":33,"code":111514,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111516,111517,111537,111557,111561,111579,111589],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111518,111519,111521,111523,111525,111527,111529,111531,111533,111535],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111520,110303],{"class":46},[40,111522,51],{"class":50},[40,111524,10260],{"class":54},[40,111526,658],{"class":58},[40,111528,62],{"class":54},[40,111530,663],{"class":58},[40,111532,62],{"class":54},[40,111534,749],{"class":58},[40,111536,9079],{"class":54},[40,111538,111539,111541,111543,111545,111547,111549,111551,111553,111555],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,111540,110324],{"class":46},[40,111542,51],{"class":50},[40,111544,10260],{"class":54},[40,111546,401],{"class":58},[40,111548,62],{"class":54},[40,111550,675],{"class":58},[40,111552,62],{"class":54},[40,111554,4387],{"class":58},[40,111556,9079],{"class":54},[40,111558,111559],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,111560,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,111562,111563,111565,111567,111569,111571,111573,111575,111577],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,111564,2013],{"class":46},[40,111566,51],{"class":50},[40,111568,110353],{"class":46},[40,111570,289],{"class":54},[40,111572,110871],{"class":91},[40,111574,88],{"class":54},[40,111576,100196],{"class":91},[40,111578,95],{"class":54},[40,111580,111581,111583,111585,111587],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,111582,101],{"class":84},[40,111584,88],{"class":54},[40,111586,2048],{"class":91},[40,111588,95],{"class":54},[40,111590,111591],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,111592,111593],{"class":3449},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111595,111596,111598],{},[15,111597,102401],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[129,111600,158,111602,3466],{"id":111601},"what-setunion-does",[15,111603,107645],{},[20,111605,111606,2669],{},[15,111607,107645],{},[134,111609,111610,111613,111616,111618],{},[137,111611,111612],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[137,111614,111615],{},"keeps only unique values",[137,111617,110233],{},[137,111619,110242],{},[20,111621,111622],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111624,95926,111625,289],{},[282,111626,95930],{"href":97101},[129,111628,1940],{"id":1939},[31,111630,111632],{"className":33,"code":111631,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111633,111634],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111635,111636,111638,111640,111642,111644,111646,111648,111650,111652,111654],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111637,100187],{"class":46},[40,111639,289],{"class":54},[40,111641,110871],{"class":91},[40,111643,88],{"class":54},[40,111645,100196],{"class":91},[40,111647,62],{"class":54},[40,111649,100223],{"class":91},[40,111651,62],{"class":54},[40,111653,34216],{"class":84},[40,111655,95],{"class":54},[20,111657,12821],{},[134,111659,111660,111663,111666],{},[137,111661,111662],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[137,111664,111665],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[137,111667,111668],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111670,111671],{},"Example with two sets:",[31,111673,111675],{"className":33,"code":111674,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111676,111677,111693,111709,111713,111731],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111678,111679,111681,111683,111685,111687,111689,111691],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111680,1384],{"class":46},[40,111682,51],{"class":50},[40,111684,10260],{"class":54},[40,111686,658],{"class":58},[40,111688,62],{"class":54},[40,111690,663],{"class":58},[40,111692,9079],{"class":54},[40,111694,111695,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705,111707],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,111696,1405],{"class":46},[40,111698,51],{"class":50},[40,111700,10260],{"class":54},[40,111702,744],{"class":58},[40,111704,62],{"class":54},[40,111706,749],{"class":58},[40,111708,9079],{"class":54},[40,111710,111711],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,111712,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,111714,111715,111717,111719,111721,111723,111725,111727,111729],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,111716,2013],{"class":46},[40,111718,51],{"class":50},[40,111720,56630],{"class":46},[40,111722,289],{"class":54},[40,111724,110871],{"class":91},[40,111726,88],{"class":54},[40,111728,1017],{"class":91},[40,111730,95],{"class":54},[40,111732,111733,111735,111737,111739],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,111734,101],{"class":84},[40,111736,88],{"class":54},[40,111738,2048],{"class":91},[40,111740,95],{"class":54},[129,111742,21731],{"id":21730},[20,111744,111745,100368,111747,289],{},[15,111746,107645],{},[183,111748,100371],{},[20,111750,111751],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[134,111753,111754,111757],{},[137,111755,111756],{},"the original set",[137,111758,111759,111760],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111761,102401],{},[20,111763,195],{},[31,111765,111767],{"className":33,"code":111766,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111768,111769,111785,111801,111805,111823,111827,111840],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111770,111771,111773,111775,111777,111779,111781,111783],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111772,1384],{"class":46},[40,111774,51],{"class":50},[40,111776,10260],{"class":54},[40,111778,658],{"class":58},[40,111780,62],{"class":54},[40,111782,663],{"class":58},[40,111784,9079],{"class":54},[40,111786,111787,111789,111791,111793,111795,111797,111799],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,111788,1405],{"class":46},[40,111790,51],{"class":50},[40,111792,10260],{"class":54},[40,111794,744],{"class":58},[40,111796,62],{"class":54},[40,111798,749],{"class":58},[40,111800,9079],{"class":54},[40,111802,111803],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,111804,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,111806,111807,111809,111811,111813,111815,111817,111819,111821],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,111808,2013],{"class":46},[40,111810,51],{"class":50},[40,111812,56630],{"class":46},[40,111814,289],{"class":54},[40,111816,110871],{"class":91},[40,111818,88],{"class":54},[40,111820,1017],{"class":91},[40,111822,95],{"class":54},[40,111824,111825],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,111826,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,111828,111829,111831,111833,111835,111837],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,111830,101],{"class":84},[40,111832,88],{"class":54},[40,111834,2048],{"class":91},[40,111836,18],{"class":54},[40,111838,111839],{"class":3449},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[40,111841,111842,111844,111846,111848,111850],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,111843,101],{"class":84},[40,111845,88],{"class":54},[40,111847,282],{"class":91},[40,111849,18],{"class":54},[40,111851,111852],{"class":3449},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111854,2070,111855,111857],{},[15,111856,282],{}," did not change.",[20,111859,110475],{},[134,111861,111862,111864],{},[137,111863,110480],{},[137,111865,111866],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111868,111869],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[129,111871,11245],{"id":11244},[20,111873,111874],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[31,111876,111878],{"className":33,"code":111877,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111879,111880,111913,111946,111950,111970,111974,111984],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,111881,111882,111885,111887,111889,111891,111893,111895,111897,111899,111901,111903,111905,111907,111909,111911],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,111883,111884],{"class":46},"fruits1 ",[40,111886,51],{"class":50},[40,111888,10260],{"class":54},[40,111890,213],{"class":212},[40,111892,3862],{"class":216},[40,111894,213],{"class":212},[40,111896,62],{"class":54},[40,111898,224],{"class":212},[40,111900,3871],{"class":216},[40,111902,213],{"class":212},[40,111904,62],{"class":54},[40,111906,224],{"class":212},[40,111908,32982],{"class":216},[40,111910,213],{"class":212},[40,111912,9079],{"class":54},[40,111914,111915,111918,111920,111922,111924,111926,111928,111930,111932,111934,111936,111938,111940,111942,111944],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,111916,111917],{"class":46},"fruits2 ",[40,111919,51],{"class":50},[40,111921,10260],{"class":54},[40,111923,213],{"class":212},[40,111925,3871],{"class":216},[40,111927,213],{"class":212},[40,111929,62],{"class":54},[40,111931,224],{"class":212},[40,111933,22294],{"class":216},[40,111935,213],{"class":212},[40,111937,62],{"class":54},[40,111939,224],{"class":212},[40,111941,32982],{"class":216},[40,111943,213],{"class":212},[40,111945,9079],{"class":54},[40,111947,111948],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,111949,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,111951,111952,111954,111956,111959,111961,111963,111965,111968],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,111953,2013],{"class":46},[40,111955,51],{"class":50},[40,111957,111958],{"class":46}," fruits1",[40,111960,289],{"class":54},[40,111962,110871],{"class":91},[40,111964,88],{"class":54},[40,111966,111967],{"class":91},"fruits2",[40,111969,95],{"class":54},[40,111971,111972],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,111973,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,111975,111976,111978,111980,111982],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,111977,101],{"class":84},[40,111979,88],{"class":54},[40,111981,2048],{"class":91},[40,111983,95],{"class":54},[40,111985,111986,111988,111990,111993],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,111987,101],{"class":84},[40,111989,88],{"class":54},[40,111991,111992],{"class":91},"fruits1",[40,111994,95],{"class":54},[20,111996,29790],{},[31,111998,112000],{"className":33,"code":111999,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112001,112002,112038],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112003,112004,112006,112008,112010,112012,112014,112016,112018,112020,112022,112024,112026,112028,112030,112032,112034,112036],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112005,9048],{"class":54},[40,112007,3087],{"class":212},[40,112009,3871],{"class":216},[40,112011,3087],{"class":212},[40,112013,62],{"class":54},[40,112015,3082],{"class":212},[40,112017,32982],{"class":216},[40,112019,3087],{"class":212},[40,112021,62],{"class":54},[40,112023,3082],{"class":212},[40,112025,3862],{"class":216},[40,112027,3087],{"class":212},[40,112029,62],{"class":54},[40,112031,3082],{"class":212},[40,112033,22294],{"class":216},[40,112035,3087],{"class":212},[40,112037,9079],{"class":54},[40,112039,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,112041,9048],{"class":54},[40,112043,3087],{"class":212},[40,112045,3871],{"class":216},[40,112047,3087],{"class":212},[40,112049,62],{"class":54},[40,112051,3082],{"class":212},[40,112053,32982],{"class":216},[40,112055,3087],{"class":212},[40,112057,62],{"class":54},[40,112059,3082],{"class":212},[40,112061,3862],{"class":216},[40,112063,3087],{"class":212},[40,112065,9079],{"class":54},[20,112067,112068],{},"What this shows:",[134,112070,112071,112078,112081],{},[137,112072,112073,4176,112075,112077],{},[15,112074,65012],{},[15,112076,65438],{}," appear in both sets",[137,112079,112080],{},"they appear only once in the result",[137,112082,112083,112085],{},[15,112084,111992],{}," stays unchanged",[129,112087,795,112089,100760],{"id":112088},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112090,102401],{},[20,112092,112093],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[31,112095,112097],{"className":33,"code":112096,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112098,112099,112115,112131,112148,112165,112169,112196,112200],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112100,112101,112103,112105,112107,112109,112111,112113],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112102,110303],{"class":46},[40,112104,51],{"class":50},[40,112106,10260],{"class":54},[40,112108,658],{"class":58},[40,112110,62],{"class":54},[40,112112,663],{"class":58},[40,112114,9079],{"class":54},[40,112116,112117,112119,112121,112123,112125,112127,112129],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,112118,110324],{"class":46},[40,112120,51],{"class":50},[40,112122,10260],{"class":54},[40,112124,744],{"class":58},[40,112126,62],{"class":54},[40,112128,749],{"class":58},[40,112130,9079],{"class":54},[40,112132,112133,112136,112138,112140,112142,112144,112146],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,112134,112135],{"class":46},"set3 ",[40,112137,51],{"class":50},[40,112139,10260],{"class":54},[40,112141,401],{"class":58},[40,112143,62],{"class":54},[40,112145,675],{"class":58},[40,112147,9079],{"class":54},[40,112149,112150,112153,112155,112157,112159,112161,112163],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,112151,112152],{"class":46},"set4 ",[40,112154,51],{"class":50},[40,112156,10260],{"class":54},[40,112158,2288],{"class":58},[40,112160,62],{"class":54},[40,112162,4387],{"class":58},[40,112164,9079],{"class":54},[40,112166,112167],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,112168,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,112170,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191,112194],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,112172,2013],{"class":46},[40,112174,51],{"class":50},[40,112176,110353],{"class":46},[40,112178,289],{"class":54},[40,112180,110871],{"class":91},[40,112182,88],{"class":54},[40,112184,100196],{"class":91},[40,112186,62],{"class":54},[40,112188,100223],{"class":91},[40,112190,62],{"class":54},[40,112192,112193],{"class":91}," set4",[40,112195,95],{"class":54},[40,112197,112198],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,112199,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,112201,112202,112204,112206,112208],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,112203,101],{"class":84},[40,112205,88],{"class":54},[40,112207,2048],{"class":91},[40,112209,95],{"class":54},[20,112211,29790],{},[31,112213,112215],{"className":33,"code":112214,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112216,112217],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112218,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229,112231,112233,112235,112237,112239],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112220,9048],{"class":54},[40,112222,658],{"class":58},[40,112224,62],{"class":54},[40,112226,663],{"class":58},[40,112228,62],{"class":54},[40,112230,749],{"class":58},[40,112232,62],{"class":54},[40,112234,675],{"class":58},[40,112236,62],{"class":54},[40,112238,4387],{"class":58},[40,112240,9079],{"class":54},[20,112242,112243],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[129,112245,795,112247,112249],{"id":112246},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112248,102401],{}," with other iterables",[20,112251,112252,112254],{},[15,112253,102401],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[792,112256,112258],{"id":112257},"with-a-list","With a list",[31,112260,112262],{"className":33,"code":112261,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112263,112264,112284,112308,112312,112330],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112265,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278,112280,112282],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112267,47],{"class":46},[40,112269,51],{"class":50},[40,112271,10260],{"class":54},[40,112273,658],{"class":58},[40,112275,62],{"class":54},[40,112277,663],{"class":58},[40,112279,62],{"class":54},[40,112281,749],{"class":58},[40,112283,9079],{"class":54},[40,112285,112286,112288,112290,112292,112294,112296,112298,112300,112302,112304,112306],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,112287,60786],{"class":46},[40,112289,51],{"class":50},[40,112291,55],{"class":54},[40,112293,401],{"class":58},[40,112295,62],{"class":54},[40,112297,675],{"class":58},[40,112299,62],{"class":54},[40,112301,4387],{"class":58},[40,112303,62],{"class":54},[40,112305,4387],{"class":58},[40,112307,73],{"class":54},[40,112309,112310],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,112311,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,112313,112314,112316,112318,112320,112322,112324,112326,112328],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,112315,2013],{"class":46},[40,112317,51],{"class":50},[40,112319,4045],{"class":46},[40,112321,289],{"class":54},[40,112323,110871],{"class":91},[40,112325,88],{"class":54},[40,112327,60815],{"class":91},[40,112329,95],{"class":54},[40,112331,112332,112334,112336,112338],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,112333,101],{"class":84},[40,112335,88],{"class":54},[40,112337,2048],{"class":91},[40,112339,95],{"class":54},[20,112341,29790],{},[31,112343,112344],{"className":33,"code":112214,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,112345,112346],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112347,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358,112360,112362,112364,112366,112368],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112349,9048],{"class":54},[40,112351,658],{"class":58},[40,112353,62],{"class":54},[40,112355,663],{"class":58},[40,112357,62],{"class":54},[40,112359,749],{"class":58},[40,112361,62],{"class":54},[40,112363,675],{"class":58},[40,112365,62],{"class":54},[40,112367,4387],{"class":58},[40,112369,9079],{"class":54},[20,112371,269,112372,112374],{},[15,112373,682],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[792,112376,112378],{"id":112377},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[31,112380,112382],{"className":33,"code":112381,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112383,112384,112408,112441,112445,112464],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112385,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402,112404,112406],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112387,1000],{"class":46},[40,112389,51],{"class":50},[40,112391,10260],{"class":54},[40,112393,213],{"class":212},[40,112395,282],{"class":216},[40,112397,213],{"class":212},[40,112399,62],{"class":54},[40,112401,224],{"class":212},[40,112403,1017],{"class":216},[40,112405,213],{"class":212},[40,112407,9079],{"class":54},[40,112409,112410,112413,112415,112417,112419,112421,112423,112425,112427,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437,112439],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,112411,112412],{"class":46},"more_letters ",[40,112414,51],{"class":50},[40,112416,9006],{"class":54},[40,112418,213],{"class":212},[40,112420,1017],{"class":216},[40,112422,213],{"class":212},[40,112424,62],{"class":54},[40,112426,224],{"class":212},[40,112428,1026],{"class":216},[40,112430,213],{"class":212},[40,112432,62],{"class":54},[40,112434,224],{"class":212},[40,112436,18530],{"class":216},[40,112438,213],{"class":212},[40,112440,95],{"class":54},[40,112442,112443],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,112444,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,112446,112447,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459,112462],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,112448,2013],{"class":46},[40,112450,51],{"class":50},[40,112452,69695],{"class":46},[40,112454,289],{"class":54},[40,112456,110871],{"class":91},[40,112458,88],{"class":54},[40,112460,112461],{"class":91},"more_letters",[40,112463,95],{"class":54},[40,112465,112466,112468,112470,112472],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,112467,101],{"class":84},[40,112469,88],{"class":54},[40,112471,2048],{"class":91},[40,112473,95],{"class":54},[20,112475,29790],{},[31,112477,112479],{"className":33,"code":112478,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112480,112481],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112482,112483,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507,112509,112511,112513,112515],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112484,9048],{"class":54},[40,112486,3087],{"class":212},[40,112488,282],{"class":216},[40,112490,3087],{"class":212},[40,112492,62],{"class":54},[40,112494,3082],{"class":212},[40,112496,1017],{"class":216},[40,112498,3087],{"class":212},[40,112500,62],{"class":54},[40,112502,3082],{"class":212},[40,112504,1026],{"class":216},[40,112506,3087],{"class":212},[40,112508,62],{"class":54},[40,112510,3082],{"class":212},[40,112512,18530],{"class":216},[40,112514,3087],{"class":212},[40,112516,9079],{"class":54},[792,112518,112520],{"id":112519},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112522,112523],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[31,112525,112527],{"className":33,"code":112526,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112528,112529,112554,112577,112581],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112530,112531,112534,112536,112538,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550,112552],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112532,112533],{"class":46},"chars ",[40,112535,51],{"class":50},[40,112537,10260],{"class":54},[40,112539,213],{"class":212},[40,112541,282],{"class":216},[40,112543,213],{"class":212},[40,112545,62],{"class":54},[40,112547,224],{"class":212},[40,112549,1017],{"class":216},[40,112551,213],{"class":212},[40,112553,9079],{"class":54},[40,112555,112556,112558,112560,112563,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,112557,2013],{"class":46},[40,112559,51],{"class":50},[40,112561,112562],{"class":46}," chars",[40,112564,289],{"class":54},[40,112566,110871],{"class":91},[40,112568,88],{"class":54},[40,112570,213],{"class":212},[40,112572,217],{"class":216},[40,112574,213],{"class":212},[40,112576,95],{"class":54},[40,112578,112579],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,112580,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,112582,112583,112585,112587,112589],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,112584,101],{"class":84},[40,112586,88],{"class":54},[40,112588,2048],{"class":91},[40,112590,95],{"class":54},[20,112592,29790],{},[31,112594,112596],{"className":33,"code":112595,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112597,112598],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112599,112600,112602,112604,112606,112608,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622,112624,112626,112628,112630,112632],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112601,9048],{"class":54},[40,112603,3087],{"class":212},[40,112605,282],{"class":216},[40,112607,3087],{"class":212},[40,112609,62],{"class":54},[40,112611,3082],{"class":212},[40,112613,1017],{"class":216},[40,112615,3087],{"class":212},[40,112617,62],{"class":54},[40,112619,3082],{"class":212},[40,112621,1026],{"class":216},[40,112623,3087],{"class":212},[40,112625,62],{"class":54},[40,112627,3082],{"class":212},[40,112629,63026],{"class":216},[40,112631,3087],{"class":212},[40,112633,9079],{"class":54},[20,112635,21950,112636,112639],{},[15,112637,112638],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[134,112641,112642,112646,112650],{},[137,112643,112644],{},[15,112645,1090],{},[137,112647,112648],{},[15,112649,1076],{},[137,112651,112652],{},[15,112653,112654],{},"\"t\"",[129,112656,112658,10355,112660],{"id":112657},"union-vs-update",[15,112659,102401],{},[15,112661,14722],{},[20,112663,112664,4176,112666,112668],{},[15,112665,102401],{},[15,112667,14722],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[792,112670,112671],{"id":110871},[15,112672,102401],{},[134,112674,112675,112677],{},[137,112676,110233],{},[137,112678,110242],{},[31,112680,112681],{"className":33,"code":111766,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,112682,112683,112699,112715,112719,112737,112741,112753],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112684,112685,112687,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112686,1384],{"class":46},[40,112688,51],{"class":50},[40,112690,10260],{"class":54},[40,112692,658],{"class":58},[40,112694,62],{"class":54},[40,112696,663],{"class":58},[40,112698,9079],{"class":54},[40,112700,112701,112703,112705,112707,112709,112711,112713],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,112702,1405],{"class":46},[40,112704,51],{"class":50},[40,112706,10260],{"class":54},[40,112708,744],{"class":58},[40,112710,62],{"class":54},[40,112712,749],{"class":58},[40,112714,9079],{"class":54},[40,112716,112717],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,112718,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,112720,112721,112723,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,112722,2013],{"class":46},[40,112724,51],{"class":50},[40,112726,56630],{"class":46},[40,112728,289],{"class":54},[40,112730,110871],{"class":91},[40,112732,88],{"class":54},[40,112734,1017],{"class":91},[40,112736,95],{"class":54},[40,112738,112739],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,112740,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,112742,112743,112745,112747,112749,112751],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,112744,101],{"class":84},[40,112746,88],{"class":54},[40,112748,2048],{"class":91},[40,112750,18],{"class":54},[40,112752,111839],{"class":3449},[40,112754,112755,112757,112759,112761,112763],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,112756,101],{"class":84},[40,112758,88],{"class":54},[40,112760,282],{"class":91},[40,112762,18],{"class":54},[40,112764,111852],{"class":3449},[792,112766,112767],{"id":30224},[15,112768,14722],{},[134,112770,112771,112774],{},[137,112772,112773],{},"changes the existing set in place",[137,112775,112776],{},"does not create a separate result set",[31,112778,112780],{"className":33,"code":112779,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112781,112782,112798,112814,112818,112832,112836],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112783,112784,112786,112788,112790,112792,112794,112796],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112785,1384],{"class":46},[40,112787,51],{"class":50},[40,112789,10260],{"class":54},[40,112791,658],{"class":58},[40,112793,62],{"class":54},[40,112795,663],{"class":58},[40,112797,9079],{"class":54},[40,112799,112800,112802,112804,112806,112808,112810,112812],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,112801,1405],{"class":46},[40,112803,51],{"class":50},[40,112805,10260],{"class":54},[40,112807,744],{"class":58},[40,112809,62],{"class":54},[40,112811,749],{"class":58},[40,112813,9079],{"class":54},[40,112815,112816],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,112817,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,112819,112820,112822,112824,112826,112828,112830],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,112821,282],{"class":46},[40,112823,289],{"class":54},[40,112825,30224],{"class":91},[40,112827,88],{"class":54},[40,112829,1017],{"class":91},[40,112831,95],{"class":54},[40,112833,112834],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,112835,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,112837,112838,112840,112842,112844,112846],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,112839,101],{"class":84},[40,112841,88],{"class":54},[40,112843,282],{"class":91},[40,112845,18],{"class":54},[40,112847,111839],{"class":3449},[20,112849,123,112850,112852],{},[15,112851,102401],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112854,112855,112856,289],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[282,112857,285,112858,10510],{"href":98121},[15,112859,96916],{},[129,112861,790],{"id":789},[792,112863,8223,112865,112867],{"id":112864},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112866,102401],{}," to change the original set",[20,112869,81426],{},[31,112871,112873],{"className":33,"code":112872,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112874,112875,112891,112907,112911,112925],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112876,112877,112879,112881,112883,112885,112887,112889],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112878,1384],{"class":46},[40,112880,51],{"class":50},[40,112882,10260],{"class":54},[40,112884,658],{"class":58},[40,112886,62],{"class":54},[40,112888,663],{"class":58},[40,112890,9079],{"class":54},[40,112892,112893,112895,112897,112899,112901,112903,112905],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,112894,1405],{"class":46},[40,112896,51],{"class":50},[40,112898,10260],{"class":54},[40,112900,744],{"class":58},[40,112902,62],{"class":54},[40,112904,749],{"class":58},[40,112906,9079],{"class":54},[40,112908,112909],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,112910,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,112912,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,112914,282],{"class":46},[40,112916,289],{"class":54},[40,112918,110871],{"class":91},[40,112920,88],{"class":54},[40,112922,1017],{"class":91},[40,112924,95],{"class":54},[40,112926,112927,112929,112931,112933],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,112928,101],{"class":84},[40,112930,88],{"class":54},[40,112932,282],{"class":91},[40,112934,95],{"class":54},[20,112936,111],{},[31,112938,112939],{"className":33,"code":100109,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,112940,112941],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112942,112943,112945,112947,112949,112951],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112944,9048],{"class":54},[40,112946,658],{"class":58},[40,112948,62],{"class":54},[40,112950,663],{"class":58},[40,112952,9079],{"class":54},[20,112954,1152,112955,112957],{},[15,112956,102401],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112959,112960],{},"Fix it like this:",[31,112962,112964],{"className":33,"code":112963,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112965,112966,112982,112998,113002,113020],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,112967,112968,112970,112972,112974,112976,112978,112980],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,112969,1384],{"class":46},[40,112971,51],{"class":50},[40,112973,10260],{"class":54},[40,112975,658],{"class":58},[40,112977,62],{"class":54},[40,112979,663],{"class":58},[40,112981,9079],{"class":54},[40,112983,112984,112986,112988,112990,112992,112994,112996],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,112985,1405],{"class":46},[40,112987,51],{"class":50},[40,112989,10260],{"class":54},[40,112991,744],{"class":58},[40,112993,62],{"class":54},[40,112995,749],{"class":58},[40,112997,9079],{"class":54},[40,112999,113000],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,113001,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,113003,113004,113006,113008,113010,113012,113014,113016,113018],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,113005,1384],{"class":46},[40,113007,51],{"class":50},[40,113009,56630],{"class":46},[40,113011,289],{"class":54},[40,113013,110871],{"class":91},[40,113015,88],{"class":54},[40,113017,1017],{"class":91},[40,113019,95],{"class":54},[40,113021,113022,113024,113026,113028],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,113023,101],{"class":84},[40,113025,88],{"class":54},[40,113027,282],{"class":91},[40,113029,95],{"class":54},[792,113031,113033],{"id":113032},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113035,113036],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[31,113038,113040],{"className":33,"code":113039,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113041,113042,113058,113074,113078],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113043,113044,113046,113048,113050,113052,113054,113056],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113045,1384],{"class":46},[40,113047,51],{"class":50},[40,113049,10260],{"class":54},[40,113051,401],{"class":58},[40,113053,62],{"class":54},[40,113055,1226],{"class":58},[40,113057,9079],{"class":54},[40,113059,113060,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070,113072],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,113061,1405],{"class":46},[40,113063,51],{"class":50},[40,113065,10260],{"class":54},[40,113067,744],{"class":58},[40,113069,62],{"class":54},[40,113071,675],{"class":58},[40,113073,9079],{"class":54},[40,113075,113076],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,113077,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,113079,113080,113082,113084,113086,113088,113090,113092,113094],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,113081,101],{"class":84},[40,113083,88],{"class":54},[40,113085,282],{"class":91},[40,113087,289],{"class":54},[40,113089,110871],{"class":91},[40,113091,88],{"class":54},[40,113093,1017],{"class":91},[40,113095,256],{"class":54},[20,113097,113098],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[792,113100,113102],{"id":113101},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[31,113104,113106],{"className":33,"code":113105,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113107,113108,113124,113146],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113109,113110,113112,113114,113116,113118,113120,113122],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113111,205],{"class":46},[40,113113,51],{"class":50},[40,113115,10260],{"class":54},[40,113117,213],{"class":212},[40,113119,236],{"class":216},[40,113121,213],{"class":212},[40,113123,9079],{"class":54},[40,113125,113126,113128,113130,113132,113134,113136,113138,113140,113142,113144],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,113127,2013],{"class":46},[40,113129,51],{"class":50},[40,113131,5945],{"class":46},[40,113133,289],{"class":54},[40,113135,110871],{"class":91},[40,113137,88],{"class":54},[40,113139,213],{"class":212},[40,113141,217],{"class":216},[40,113143,213],{"class":212},[40,113145,95],{"class":54},[40,113147,113148,113150,113152,113154],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,113149,101],{"class":84},[40,113151,88],{"class":54},[40,113153,2048],{"class":91},[40,113155,95],{"class":54},[20,113157,113158,113159,1973,113161,16837,113163,113165,113166,113168],{},"This adds ",[15,113160,1090],{},[15,113162,1076],{},[15,113164,112654],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113167,112638],{}," as one item.",[20,113170,113171],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[31,113173,113175],{"className":33,"code":113174,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113176,113177,113193,113215],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113178,113179,113181,113183,113185,113187,113189,113191],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113180,205],{"class":46},[40,113182,51],{"class":50},[40,113184,10260],{"class":54},[40,113186,213],{"class":212},[40,113188,236],{"class":216},[40,113190,213],{"class":212},[40,113192,9079],{"class":54},[40,113194,113195,113197,113199,113201,113203,113205,113207,113209,113211,113213],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,113196,2013],{"class":46},[40,113198,51],{"class":50},[40,113200,5945],{"class":46},[40,113202,289],{"class":54},[40,113204,110871],{"class":91},[40,113206,2771],{"class":54},[40,113208,213],{"class":212},[40,113210,217],{"class":216},[40,113212,213],{"class":212},[40,113214,570],{"class":54},[40,113216,113217,113219,113221,113223],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,113218,101],{"class":84},[40,113220,88],{"class":54},[40,113222,2048],{"class":91},[40,113224,95],{"class":54},[792,113226,113228],{"id":113227},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113230,2620],{},[31,113232,113234],{"className":33,"code":113233,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113235,113236],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113237,113238,113240,113242,113244,113246,113248,113250,113252,113254,113256,113258,113260],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113239,15395],{"class":46},[40,113241,51],{"class":50},[40,113243,10260],{"class":54},[40,113245,658],{"class":58},[40,113247,62],{"class":54},[40,113249,663],{"class":58},[40,113251,62],{"class":54},[40,113253,55],{"class":54},[40,113255,401],{"class":58},[40,113257,62],{"class":54},[40,113259,675],{"class":58},[40,113261,13473],{"class":54},[20,113263,113264],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113266,113267,113268,2669],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113269,102401],{},[31,113271,113273],{"className":33,"code":113272,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113274,113275,113291,113313],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113276,113277,113279,113281,113283,113285,113287,113289],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113278,15395],{"class":46},[40,113280,51],{"class":50},[40,113282,10260],{"class":54},[40,113284,658],{"class":58},[40,113286,62],{"class":54},[40,113288,663],{"class":58},[40,113290,9079],{"class":54},[40,113292,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301,113303,113305,113307,113309,113311],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,113294,2013],{"class":46},[40,113296,51],{"class":50},[40,113298,96526],{"class":46},[40,113300,289],{"class":54},[40,113302,110871],{"class":91},[40,113304,2771],{"class":54},[40,113306,401],{"class":58},[40,113308,62],{"class":54},[40,113310,675],{"class":58},[40,113312,570],{"class":54},[40,113314,113315,113317,113319,113321],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,113316,101],{"class":84},[40,113318,88],{"class":54},[40,113320,2048],{"class":91},[40,113322,95],{"class":54},[129,113324,113326],{"id":113325},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113328,113329],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[134,113331,113332,113338,113345,113348],{},[137,113333,113334,113335,113337],{},"call ",[15,113336,102401],{}," without saving the returned set",[137,113339,113340,113341,8475,113343],{},"confuse ",[15,113342,102401],{},[15,113344,14722],{},[137,113346,113347],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[137,113349,113350],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113352,113353,113354,4176,113358,289],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[282,113355,285,113356,10510],{"href":102390},[15,113357,106175],{},[282,113359,285,113361,10510],{"href":113360},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113362,100021],{},[20,113364,62034],{},[31,113366,113368],{"className":33,"code":113367,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113369,113370,113380,113394,113404],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113371,113372,113374,113376,113378],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113373,101],{"class":84},[40,113375,88],{"class":54},[40,113377,15433],{"class":91},[40,113379,95],{"class":54},[40,113381,113382,113384,113386,113388,113390,113392],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,113383,101],{"class":84},[40,113385,88],{"class":54},[40,113387,1297],{"class":609},[40,113389,88],{"class":54},[40,113391,15433],{"class":91},[40,113393,256],{"class":54},[40,113395,113396,113398,113400,113402],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,113397,101],{"class":84},[40,113399,88],{"class":54},[40,113401,2048],{"class":91},[40,113403,95],{"class":54},[40,113405,113406,113408,113410,113412,113414,113416],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,113407,31913],{"class":84},[40,113409,88],{"class":54},[40,113411,6064],{"class":609},[40,113413,289],{"class":54},[40,113415,110871],{"class":24512},[40,113417,95],{"class":54},[129,113419,1636],{"id":1635},[792,113421,12474,113423,102341],{"id":113422},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113424,107645],{},[20,113426,102344],{},[792,113428,4947,113430,113432],{"id":113429},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113431,102401],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113434,113435],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[792,113437,1671,113439,113441],{"id":113438},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113440,102401],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113443,41905,113444,113446],{},[15,113445,102401],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[792,113448,113450],{"id":113449},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113452,113453],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[792,113455,4957,113457,4176,113459,2275],{"id":113456},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113458,102401],{},[15,113460,113461],{},"|",[20,113463,113464,113465,113467,113468,113470],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113466,113461],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113469,102401],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[129,113472,1687],{"id":1686},[134,113474,113475,113479,113485,113491,113497],{},[137,113476,113477],{},[282,113478,95930],{"href":97101},[137,113480,113481],{},[282,113482,285,113483,10510],{"href":98121},[15,113484,96916],{},[137,113486,113487],{},[282,113488,285,113489,10510],{"href":102390},[15,113490,106175],{},[137,113492,113493],{},[282,113494,285,113495,10510],{"href":113360},[15,113496,100021],{},[137,113498,113499],{},[282,113500,99946],{"href":98679},[1715,113502,113503],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":113505},[113506,113507,113509,113510,113511,113512,113514,113520,113525,113532,113533,113544],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":111601,"depth":76,"text":113508},"What set.union() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":21730,"depth":76,"text":21731},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":112088,"depth":76,"text":113513},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112246,"depth":76,"text":113515,"children":113516},"Using union() with other iterables",[113517,113518,113519],{"id":112257,"depth":98,"text":112258},{"id":112377,"depth":98,"text":112378},{"id":112519,"depth":98,"text":112520},{"id":112657,"depth":76,"text":113521,"children":113522},"union() vs update()",[113523,113524],{"id":110871,"depth":98,"text":102401},{"id":30224,"depth":98,"text":14722},{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":113526},[113527,113529,113530,113531],{"id":112864,"depth":98,"text":113528},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113032,"depth":98,"text":113033},{"id":113101,"depth":98,"text":113102},{"id":113227,"depth":98,"text":113228},{"id":113325,"depth":76,"text":113326},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":113534},[113535,113537,113539,113541,113542],{"id":113422,"depth":98,"text":113536},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113429,"depth":98,"text":113538},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113438,"depth":98,"text":113540},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113449,"depth":98,"text":113450},{"id":113456,"depth":98,"text":113543},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111481,"description":113545},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113551,"title":113552,"body":113553,"description":115442,"extension":1746,"meta":115443,"navigation":360,"path":96415,"seo":115444,"stem":115445,"__hash__":115446},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113554,"toc":115408},[113555,113560,113565,113573,113575,113633,113638,113643,113647,113659,113662,113736,113741,113743,113745,113764,113766,113783,113786,113813,113815,113885,113889,113891,113897,113899,113960,113965,113967,114024,114028,114033,114098,114100,114120,114127,114131,114136,114221,114224,114231,114334,114338,114343,114401,114404,114415,114429,114436,114494,114501,114504,114514,114518,114576,114580,114646,114649,114707,114714,114721,114724,114728,114737,114806,114810,114816,114904,114914,114918,114922,114926,114929,114990,114995,115052,115056,115058,115093,115100,115102,115156,115163,115167,115170,115235,115244,115250,115307,115309,115314,115318,115322,115325,115332,115340,115344,115349,115353,115359,115361,115396,115405],[10,113556,95802,113558,11091],{"id":113557},"python-set-update-method",[15,113559,14722],{},[20,113561,113562,113564],{},[15,113563,96916],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113566,113567,113568,113572],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[282,113569,113570],{"href":98102},[15,113571,95810],{},", which adds only one item.",[129,113574,3396],{"id":3395},[31,113576,113578],{"className":33,"code":113577,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113579,113580,113596,113618,113628],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113581,113582,113584,113586,113588,113590,113592,113594],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113583,47],{"class":46},[40,113585,51],{"class":50},[40,113587,10260],{"class":54},[40,113589,658],{"class":58},[40,113591,62],{"class":54},[40,113593,663],{"class":58},[40,113595,9079],{"class":54},[40,113597,113598,113600,113602,113604,113606,113608,113610,113612,113614,113616],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,113599,92],{"class":46},[40,113601,289],{"class":54},[40,113603,30224],{"class":91},[40,113605,2771],{"class":54},[40,113607,744],{"class":58},[40,113609,62],{"class":54},[40,113611,749],{"class":58},[40,113613,62],{"class":54},[40,113615,675],{"class":58},[40,113617,570],{"class":54},[40,113619,113620,113622,113624,113626],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,113621,101],{"class":84},[40,113623,88],{"class":54},[40,113625,92],{"class":91},[40,113627,95],{"class":54},[40,113629,113630],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,113631,113632],{"class":3449},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113634,123,113635,113637],{},[15,113636,14722],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[129,113639,158,113641,3466],{"id":113640},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113642,96916],{},[20,113644,113645,2669],{},[15,113646,96916],{},[134,113648,113649,113652,113654,113657],{},[137,113650,113651],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[137,113653,95917],{},[137,113655,113656],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[137,113658,95920],{},[20,113660,113661],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[31,113663,113665],{"className":33,"code":113664,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113666,113667,113691,113717,113721,113731],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113668,113669,113671,113673,113675,113677,113679,113681,113683,113685,113687,113689],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113670,309],{"class":46},[40,113672,51],{"class":50},[40,113674,10260],{"class":54},[40,113676,213],{"class":212},[40,113678,318],{"class":216},[40,113680,213],{"class":212},[40,113682,62],{"class":54},[40,113684,224],{"class":212},[40,113686,336],{"class":216},[40,113688,213],{"class":212},[40,113690,9079],{"class":54},[40,113692,113693,113695,113697,113699,113701,113703,113705,113707,113709,113711,113713,113715],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,113694,353],{"class":46},[40,113696,289],{"class":54},[40,113698,30224],{"class":91},[40,113700,2771],{"class":54},[40,113702,213],{"class":212},[40,113704,336],{"class":216},[40,113706,213],{"class":212},[40,113708,62],{"class":54},[40,113710,224],{"class":212},[40,113712,327],{"class":216},[40,113714,213],{"class":212},[40,113716,570],{"class":54},[40,113718,113719],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,113720,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,113722,113723,113725,113727,113729],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,113724,101],{"class":84},[40,113726,88],{"class":54},[40,113728,353],{"class":91},[40,113730,95],{"class":54},[40,113732,113733],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,113734,113735],{"class":3449},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113737,269,113738,113740],{},[15,113739,110636],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[129,113742,1940],{"id":1939},[20,113744,6995],{},[31,113746,113748],{"className":33,"code":113747,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113749,113750],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113751,113752,113754,113756,113758,113760,113762],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113753,15433],{"class":46},[40,113755,289],{"class":54},[40,113757,30224],{"class":91},[40,113759,88],{"class":54},[40,113761,3507],{"class":91},[40,113763,95],{"class":54},[20,113765,79802],{},[134,113767,113768,113771,113774,113777,113780],{},[137,113769,113770],{},"A list",[137,113772,113773],{},"A tuple",[137,113775,113776],{},"Another set",[137,113778,113779],{},"A string",[137,113781,113782],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113784,113785],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[31,113787,113789],{"className":33,"code":113788,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113790,113791],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113792,113793,113795,113797,113799,113801,113803,113805,113807,113809,113811],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113794,15433],{"class":46},[40,113796,289],{"class":54},[40,113798,30224],{"class":91},[40,113800,88],{"class":54},[40,113802,282],{"class":91},[40,113804,62],{"class":54},[40,113806,2342],{"class":91},[40,113808,62],{"class":54},[40,113810,9451],{"class":91},[40,113812,95],{"class":54},[20,113814,195],{},[31,113816,113818],{"className":33,"code":113817,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113819,113820,113832,113866,113870,113880],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113821,113822,113824,113826,113828,113830],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113823,3610],{"class":46},[40,113825,51],{"class":50},[40,113827,10260],{"class":54},[40,113829,658],{"class":58},[40,113831,9079],{"class":54},[40,113833,113834,113836,113838,113840,113842,113844,113846,113848,113850,113852,113854,113856,113858,113860,113862,113864],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,113835,5137],{"class":46},[40,113837,289],{"class":54},[40,113839,30224],{"class":91},[40,113841,2771],{"class":54},[40,113843,744],{"class":58},[40,113845,62],{"class":54},[40,113847,749],{"class":58},[40,113849,666],{"class":54},[40,113851,9006],{"class":54},[40,113853,2288],{"class":58},[40,113855,62],{"class":54},[40,113857,4387],{"class":58},[40,113859,9003],{"class":54},[40,113861,10260],{"class":54},[40,113863,80193],{"class":58},[40,113865,30256],{"class":54},[40,113867,113868],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,113869,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,113871,113872,113874,113876,113878],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,113873,101],{"class":84},[40,113875,88],{"class":54},[40,113877,5137],{"class":91},[40,113879,95],{"class":54},[40,113881,113882],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,113883,113884],{"class":3449},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113886,95926,113887,289],{},[282,113888,95934],{"href":97485},[129,113890,21731],{"id":21730},[20,113892,113893,398,113895,289],{},[15,113894,96916],{},[15,113896,3565],{},[20,113898,11483],{},[31,113900,113902],{"className":33,"code":113901,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113903,113904,113920,113942,113946,113956],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113905,113906,113908,113910,113912,113914,113916,113918],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113907,47],{"class":46},[40,113909,51],{"class":50},[40,113911,10260],{"class":54},[40,113913,658],{"class":58},[40,113915,62],{"class":54},[40,113917,663],{"class":58},[40,113919,9079],{"class":54},[40,113921,113922,113924,113926,113928,113930,113932,113934,113936,113938,113940],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,113923,2013],{"class":46},[40,113925,51],{"class":50},[40,113927,4045],{"class":46},[40,113929,289],{"class":54},[40,113931,30224],{"class":91},[40,113933,2771],{"class":54},[40,113935,401],{"class":58},[40,113937,62],{"class":54},[40,113939,675],{"class":58},[40,113941,570],{"class":54},[40,113943,113944],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,113945,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,113947,113948,113950,113952,113954],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,113949,101],{"class":84},[40,113951,88],{"class":54},[40,113953,2048],{"class":91},[40,113955,95],{"class":54},[40,113957,113958],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,113959,61570],{"class":3449},[20,113961,113962,113963,289],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,113964,2048],{},[20,113966,18729],{},[31,113968,113970],{"className":33,"code":113969,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113971,113972,113988,114006,114010,114020],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,113973,113974,113976,113978,113980,113982,113984,113986],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,113975,47],{"class":46},[40,113977,51],{"class":50},[40,113979,10260],{"class":54},[40,113981,658],{"class":58},[40,113983,62],{"class":54},[40,113985,663],{"class":58},[40,113987,9079],{"class":54},[40,113989,113990,113992,113994,113996,113998,114000,114002,114004],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,113991,92],{"class":46},[40,113993,289],{"class":54},[40,113995,30224],{"class":91},[40,113997,2771],{"class":54},[40,113999,401],{"class":58},[40,114001,62],{"class":54},[40,114003,675],{"class":58},[40,114005,570],{"class":54},[40,114007,114008],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,114009,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,114011,114012,114014,114016,114018],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,114013,101],{"class":84},[40,114015,88],{"class":54},[40,114017,92],{"class":91},[40,114019,95],{"class":54},[40,114021,114022],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,114023,113632],{"class":3449},[129,114025,114027],{"id":114026},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114029,114030,114031,289],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114032,14722],{},[31,114034,114036],{"className":33,"code":114035,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114037,114038,114054,114080,114084,114094],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114039,114040,114042,114044,114046,114048,114050,114052],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114041,47],{"class":46},[40,114043,51],{"class":50},[40,114045,10260],{"class":54},[40,114047,658],{"class":58},[40,114049,62],{"class":54},[40,114051,663],{"class":58},[40,114053,9079],{"class":54},[40,114055,114056,114058,114060,114062,114064,114066,114068,114070,114072,114074,114076,114078],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,114057,92],{"class":46},[40,114059,289],{"class":54},[40,114061,30224],{"class":91},[40,114063,2771],{"class":54},[40,114065,744],{"class":58},[40,114067,62],{"class":54},[40,114069,749],{"class":58},[40,114071,62],{"class":54},[40,114073,675],{"class":58},[40,114075,62],{"class":54},[40,114077,675],{"class":58},[40,114079,570],{"class":54},[40,114081,114082],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,114083,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,114085,114086,114088,114090,114092],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,114087,101],{"class":84},[40,114089,88],{"class":54},[40,114091,92],{"class":91},[40,114093,95],{"class":54},[40,114095,114096],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,114097,113632],{"class":3449},[20,114099,385],{},[134,114101,114102,114107,114114],{},[137,114103,114104,114106],{},[15,114105,744],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[137,114108,114109,4176,114111,114113],{},[15,114110,401],{},[15,114112,2288],{}," are added",[137,114115,114116,114117,114119],{},"The second ",[15,114118,2288],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114121,114122,114123,114126],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[282,114124,114125],{"href":98679},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[129,114128,114130],{"id":114129},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114132,7541,114133,114135],{},[15,114134,14722],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[31,114137,114139],{"className":33,"code":114138,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114140,114141,114162,114183,114187,114203,114207,114217],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114142,114143,114146,114148,114150,114152,114154,114156,114158,114160],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114144,114145],{"class":46},"set_a ",[40,114147,51],{"class":50},[40,114149,10260],{"class":54},[40,114151,658],{"class":58},[40,114153,62],{"class":54},[40,114155,663],{"class":58},[40,114157,62],{"class":54},[40,114159,749],{"class":58},[40,114161,9079],{"class":54},[40,114163,114164,114167,114169,114171,114173,114175,114177,114179,114181],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,114165,114166],{"class":46},"set_b ",[40,114168,51],{"class":50},[40,114170,10260],{"class":54},[40,114172,401],{"class":58},[40,114174,62],{"class":54},[40,114176,675],{"class":58},[40,114178,62],{"class":54},[40,114180,4387],{"class":58},[40,114182,9079],{"class":54},[40,114184,114185],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,114186,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,114188,114189,114192,114194,114196,114198,114201],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,114190,114191],{"class":46},"set_a",[40,114193,289],{"class":54},[40,114195,30224],{"class":91},[40,114197,88],{"class":54},[40,114199,114200],{"class":91},"set_b",[40,114202,95],{"class":54},[40,114204,114205],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,114206,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,114208,114209,114211,114213,114215],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,114210,101],{"class":84},[40,114212,88],{"class":54},[40,114214,114191],{"class":91},[40,114216,95],{"class":54},[40,114218,114219],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,114220,111593],{"class":3449},[20,114222,114223],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114225,114226,114227,289],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[282,114228,114229],{"href":102398},[15,114230,107645],{},[31,114232,114234],{"className":33,"code":114233,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114235,114236,114256,114276,114280,114300,114304,114315,114319,114329],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114237,114238,114240,114242,114244,114246,114248,114250,114252,114254],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114239,114145],{"class":46},[40,114241,51],{"class":50},[40,114243,10260],{"class":54},[40,114245,658],{"class":58},[40,114247,62],{"class":54},[40,114249,663],{"class":58},[40,114251,62],{"class":54},[40,114253,749],{"class":58},[40,114255,9079],{"class":54},[40,114257,114258,114260,114262,114264,114266,114268,114270,114272,114274],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,114259,114166],{"class":46},[40,114261,51],{"class":50},[40,114263,10260],{"class":54},[40,114265,401],{"class":58},[40,114267,62],{"class":54},[40,114269,675],{"class":58},[40,114271,62],{"class":54},[40,114273,4387],{"class":58},[40,114275,9079],{"class":54},[40,114277,114278],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,114279,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,114281,114282,114285,114287,114290,114292,114294,114296,114298],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,114283,114284],{"class":46},"combined ",[40,114286,51],{"class":50},[40,114288,114289],{"class":46}," set_a",[40,114291,289],{"class":54},[40,114293,110871],{"class":91},[40,114295,88],{"class":54},[40,114297,114200],{"class":91},[40,114299,95],{"class":54},[40,114301,114302],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,114303,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,114305,114306,114308,114310,114313],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,114307,101],{"class":84},[40,114309,88],{"class":54},[40,114311,114312],{"class":91},"combined",[40,114314,95],{"class":54},[40,114316,114317],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,114318,111593],{"class":3449},[40,114320,114321,114323,114325,114327],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,114322,101],{"class":84},[40,114324,88],{"class":54},[40,114326,114191],{"class":91},[40,114328,95],{"class":54},[40,114330,114331],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,114332,114333],{"class":3449},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[129,114335,114337],{"id":114336},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114339,64479,114340,114342],{},[15,114341,14722],{}," adds each character separately.",[31,114344,114346],{"className":33,"code":114345,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114347,114348,114364,114382,114386,114396],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114349,114350,114352,114354,114356,114358,114360,114362],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114351,1000],{"class":46},[40,114353,51],{"class":50},[40,114355,10260],{"class":54},[40,114357,213],{"class":212},[40,114359,1957],{"class":216},[40,114361,213],{"class":212},[40,114363,9079],{"class":54},[40,114365,114366,114368,114370,114372,114374,114376,114378,114380],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,114367,1043],{"class":46},[40,114369,289],{"class":54},[40,114371,30224],{"class":91},[40,114373,88],{"class":54},[40,114375,213],{"class":212},[40,114377,217],{"class":216},[40,114379,213],{"class":212},[40,114381,95],{"class":54},[40,114383,114384],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,114385,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,114387,114388,114390,114392,114394],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,114389,101],{"class":84},[40,114391,88],{"class":54},[40,114393,1043],{"class":91},[40,114395,95],{"class":54},[40,114397,114398],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,114399,114400],{"class":3449},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114402,114403],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114405,114406,13821,114409,114411,114412,114414],{},[15,114407,114408],{},"update(\"cat\")",[183,114410,185],{}," add ",[15,114413,112638],{}," as one item. It adds:",[134,114416,114417,114421,114425],{},[137,114418,114419],{},[15,114420,1090],{},[137,114422,114423],{},[15,114424,1076],{},[137,114426,114427],{},[15,114428,112654],{},[20,114430,114431,114432,2669],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[282,114433,114434],{"href":98102},[15,114435,95810],{},[31,114437,114439],{"className":33,"code":114438,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114440,114441,114457,114475,114479,114489],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114442,114443,114445,114447,114449,114451,114453,114455],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114444,205],{"class":46},[40,114446,51],{"class":50},[40,114448,10260],{"class":54},[40,114450,213],{"class":212},[40,114452,236],{"class":216},[40,114454,213],{"class":212},[40,114456,9079],{"class":54},[40,114458,114459,114461,114463,114465,114467,114469,114471,114473],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,114460,253],{"class":46},[40,114462,289],{"class":54},[40,114464,81705],{"class":91},[40,114466,88],{"class":54},[40,114468,213],{"class":212},[40,114470,217],{"class":216},[40,114472,213],{"class":212},[40,114474,95],{"class":54},[40,114476,114477],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,114478,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,114480,114481,114483,114485,114487],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,114482,101],{"class":84},[40,114484,88],{"class":54},[40,114486,253],{"class":91},[40,114488,95],{"class":54},[40,114490,114491],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,114492,114493],{"class":3449},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[129,114495,114497,10355,114499],{"id":114496},"update-vs-add",[15,114498,14722],{},[15,114500,95805],{},[20,114502,114503],{},"The difference is simple:",[134,114505,114506,114510],{},[137,114507,114508,96404],{},[15,114509,95805],{},[137,114511,114512,96409],{},[15,114513,14722],{},[20,114515,45793,114516,2669],{},[15,114517,95805],{},[31,114519,114521],{"className":33,"code":114520,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114522,114523,114539,114557,114561,114571],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114524,114525,114527,114529,114531,114533,114535,114537],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114526,35995],{"class":46},[40,114528,51],{"class":50},[40,114530,10260],{"class":54},[40,114532,213],{"class":212},[40,114534,3862],{"class":216},[40,114536,213],{"class":212},[40,114538,9079],{"class":54},[40,114540,114541,114543,114545,114547,114549,114551,114553,114555],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,114542,36047],{"class":46},[40,114544,289],{"class":54},[40,114546,81705],{"class":91},[40,114548,88],{"class":54},[40,114550,213],{"class":212},[40,114552,3871],{"class":216},[40,114554,213],{"class":212},[40,114556,95],{"class":54},[40,114558,114559],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,114560,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,114562,114563,114565,114567,114569],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,114564,101],{"class":84},[40,114566,88],{"class":54},[40,114568,36047],{"class":91},[40,114570,95],{"class":54},[40,114572,114573],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,114574,114575],{"class":3449},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114577,45793,114578,2669],{},[15,114579,14722],{},[31,114581,114583],{"className":33,"code":114582,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114584,114585,114601,114627,114631,114641],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114586,114587,114589,114591,114593,114595,114597,114599],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114588,35995],{"class":46},[40,114590,51],{"class":50},[40,114592,10260],{"class":54},[40,114594,213],{"class":212},[40,114596,3862],{"class":216},[40,114598,213],{"class":212},[40,114600,9079],{"class":54},[40,114602,114603,114605,114607,114609,114611,114613,114615,114617,114619,114621,114623,114625],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,114604,36047],{"class":46},[40,114606,289],{"class":54},[40,114608,30224],{"class":91},[40,114610,2771],{"class":54},[40,114612,213],{"class":212},[40,114614,3871],{"class":216},[40,114616,213],{"class":212},[40,114618,62],{"class":54},[40,114620,224],{"class":212},[40,114622,32982],{"class":216},[40,114624,213],{"class":212},[40,114626,570],{"class":54},[40,114628,114629],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,114630,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,114632,114633,114635,114637,114639],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,114634,101],{"class":84},[40,114636,88],{"class":54},[40,114638,36047],{"class":91},[40,114640,95],{"class":54},[40,114642,114643],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,114644,114645],{"class":3449},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114647,114648],{},"Important warning with strings:",[31,114650,114652],{"className":33,"code":114651,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114653,114654,114670,114688,114692,114702],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114655,114656,114658,114660,114662,114664,114666,114668],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114657,35995],{"class":46},[40,114659,51],{"class":50},[40,114661,10260],{"class":54},[40,114663,213],{"class":212},[40,114665,3862],{"class":216},[40,114667,213],{"class":212},[40,114669,9079],{"class":54},[40,114671,114672,114674,114676,114678,114680,114682,114684,114686],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,114673,36047],{"class":46},[40,114675,289],{"class":54},[40,114677,30224],{"class":91},[40,114679,88],{"class":54},[40,114681,213],{"class":212},[40,114683,38097],{"class":216},[40,114685,213],{"class":212},[40,114687,95],{"class":54},[40,114689,114690],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,114691,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,114693,114694,114696,114698,114700],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,114695,101],{"class":84},[40,114697,88],{"class":54},[40,114699,36047],{"class":91},[40,114701,95],{"class":54},[40,114703,114704],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,114705,114706],{"class":3449},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114708,61845,114709,61918,114712,6409],{},[15,114710,114711],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114713,95805],{},[129,114715,114717,10355,114719],{"id":114716},"update-vs-union",[15,114718,14722],{},[15,114720,102401],{},[20,114722,114723],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[792,114725,114726],{"id":30224},[15,114727,14722],{},[134,114729,114730,114733],{},[137,114731,114732],{},"Changes the existing set",[137,114734,11193,114735],{},[15,114736,3565],{},[31,114738,114740],{"className":33,"code":114739,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114741,114742,114758,114774,114778,114792,114802],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114743,114744,114746,114748,114750,114752,114754,114756],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114745,1384],{"class":46},[40,114747,51],{"class":50},[40,114749,10260],{"class":54},[40,114751,658],{"class":58},[40,114753,62],{"class":54},[40,114755,663],{"class":58},[40,114757,9079],{"class":54},[40,114759,114760,114762,114764,114766,114768,114770,114772],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,114761,1405],{"class":46},[40,114763,51],{"class":50},[40,114765,10260],{"class":54},[40,114767,744],{"class":58},[40,114769,62],{"class":54},[40,114771,749],{"class":58},[40,114773,9079],{"class":54},[40,114775,114776],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,114777,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,114779,114780,114782,114784,114786,114788,114790],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,114781,282],{"class":46},[40,114783,289],{"class":54},[40,114785,30224],{"class":91},[40,114787,88],{"class":54},[40,114789,1017],{"class":91},[40,114791,95],{"class":54},[40,114793,114794,114796,114798,114800],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,114795,101],{"class":84},[40,114797,88],{"class":54},[40,114799,282],{"class":91},[40,114801,95],{"class":54},[40,114803,114804],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,114805,114333],{"class":3449},[792,114807,114808],{"id":110871},[15,114809,102401],{},[134,114811,114812,114814],{},[137,114813,100939],{},[137,114815,100942],{},[31,114817,114819],{"className":33,"code":114818,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114820,114821,114837,114853,114857,114875,114885,114889,114899],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114822,114823,114825,114827,114829,114831,114833,114835],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114824,1384],{"class":46},[40,114826,51],{"class":50},[40,114828,10260],{"class":54},[40,114830,658],{"class":58},[40,114832,62],{"class":54},[40,114834,663],{"class":58},[40,114836,9079],{"class":54},[40,114838,114839,114841,114843,114845,114847,114849,114851],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,114840,1405],{"class":46},[40,114842,51],{"class":50},[40,114844,10260],{"class":54},[40,114846,744],{"class":58},[40,114848,62],{"class":54},[40,114850,749],{"class":58},[40,114852,9079],{"class":54},[40,114854,114855],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,114856,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,114858,114859,114861,114863,114865,114867,114869,114871,114873],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,114860,82785],{"class":46},[40,114862,51],{"class":50},[40,114864,56630],{"class":46},[40,114866,289],{"class":54},[40,114868,110871],{"class":91},[40,114870,88],{"class":54},[40,114872,1017],{"class":91},[40,114874,95],{"class":54},[40,114876,114877,114879,114881,114883],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,114878,101],{"class":84},[40,114880,88],{"class":54},[40,114882,1026],{"class":91},[40,114884,95],{"class":54},[40,114886,114887],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,114888,114333],{"class":3449},[40,114890,114891,114893,114895,114897],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,114892,101],{"class":84},[40,114894,88],{"class":54},[40,114896,282],{"class":91},[40,114898,95],{"class":54},[40,114900,114901],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,114902,114903],{"class":3449},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114905,107287,114906,114908,114909,114913],{},[15,114907,14722],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[282,114910,114911],{"href":102398},[15,114912,102401],{}," when you want a new set.",[129,114915,114917],{"id":114916},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114919,10517,114920,289],{},[15,114921,96916],{},[792,114923,114925],{"id":114924},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114927,114928],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[31,114930,114932],{"className":33,"code":114931,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114933,114934,114950,114972,114976,114986],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,114935,114936,114938,114940,114942,114944,114946,114948],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,114937,15395],{"class":46},[40,114939,51],{"class":50},[40,114941,10260],{"class":54},[40,114943,658],{"class":58},[40,114945,62],{"class":54},[40,114947,663],{"class":58},[40,114949,9079],{"class":54},[40,114951,114952,114954,114956,114958,114960,114962,114964,114966,114968,114970],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,114953,2013],{"class":46},[40,114955,51],{"class":50},[40,114957,96526],{"class":46},[40,114959,289],{"class":54},[40,114961,30224],{"class":91},[40,114963,2771],{"class":54},[40,114965,401],{"class":58},[40,114967,62],{"class":54},[40,114969,675],{"class":58},[40,114971,570],{"class":54},[40,114973,114974],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,114975,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,114977,114978,114980,114982,114984],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,114979,101],{"class":84},[40,114981,88],{"class":54},[40,114983,2048],{"class":91},[40,114985,95],{"class":54},[40,114987,114988],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,114989,61570],{"class":3449},[20,114991,114992,114993,2669],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,114994,14722],{},[31,114996,114998],{"className":33,"code":114997,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114999,115000,115016,115034,115038,115048],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,115001,115002,115004,115006,115008,115010,115012,115014],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,115003,15395],{"class":46},[40,115005,51],{"class":50},[40,115007,10260],{"class":54},[40,115009,658],{"class":58},[40,115011,62],{"class":54},[40,115013,663],{"class":58},[40,115015,9079],{"class":54},[40,115017,115018,115020,115022,115024,115026,115028,115030,115032],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,115019,15433],{"class":46},[40,115021,289],{"class":54},[40,115023,30224],{"class":91},[40,115025,2771],{"class":54},[40,115027,401],{"class":58},[40,115029,62],{"class":54},[40,115031,675],{"class":58},[40,115033,570],{"class":54},[40,115035,115036],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,115037,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,115039,115040,115042,115044,115046],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,115041,101],{"class":84},[40,115043,88],{"class":54},[40,115045,15433],{"class":91},[40,115047,95],{"class":54},[40,115049,115050],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,115051,113632],{"class":3449},[792,115053,115055],{"id":115054},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115057,2620],{},[31,115059,115061],{"className":33,"code":115060,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115062,115063,115079],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,115064,115065,115067,115069,115071,115073,115075,115077],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,115066,15395],{"class":46},[40,115068,51],{"class":50},[40,115070,10260],{"class":54},[40,115072,658],{"class":58},[40,115074,62],{"class":54},[40,115076,663],{"class":58},[40,115078,9079],{"class":54},[40,115080,115081,115083,115085,115087,115089,115091],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,115082,15433],{"class":46},[40,115084,289],{"class":54},[40,115086,30224],{"class":91},[40,115088,88],{"class":54},[40,115090,682],{"class":58},[40,115092,95],{"class":54},[20,115094,62024,115095,8371,115097,115099],{},[15,115096,2790],{},[15,115098,682],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115101,6332],{},[31,115103,115105],{"className":33,"code":115104,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115106,115107,115123,115137,115141,115151],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,115108,115109,115111,115113,115115,115117,115119,115121],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,115110,15395],{"class":46},[40,115112,51],{"class":50},[40,115114,10260],{"class":54},[40,115116,658],{"class":58},[40,115118,62],{"class":54},[40,115120,663],{"class":58},[40,115122,9079],{"class":54},[40,115124,115125,115127,115129,115131,115133,115135],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,115126,15433],{"class":46},[40,115128,289],{"class":54},[40,115130,30224],{"class":91},[40,115132,2771],{"class":54},[40,115134,682],{"class":58},[40,115136,570],{"class":54},[40,115138,115139],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,115140,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,115142,115143,115145,115147,115149],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,115144,101],{"class":84},[40,115146,88],{"class":54},[40,115148,15433],{"class":91},[40,115150,95],{"class":54},[40,115152,115153],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,115154,115155],{"class":3449},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115157,45666,115158,289],{},[282,115159,25442,115160],{"href":52346},[15,115161,115162],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[792,115164,115166],{"id":115165},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115168,115169],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[31,115171,115173],{"className":33,"code":115172,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115174,115175,115191,115217,115221,115231],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,115176,115177,115179,115181,115183,115185,115187,115189],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,115178,15395],{"class":46},[40,115180,51],{"class":50},[40,115182,10260],{"class":54},[40,115184,658],{"class":58},[40,115186,62],{"class":54},[40,115188,663],{"class":58},[40,115190,9079],{"class":54},[40,115192,115193,115195,115197,115199,115201,115203,115205,115207,115209,115211,115213,115215],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,115194,15433],{"class":46},[40,115196,289],{"class":54},[40,115198,30224],{"class":91},[40,115200,2771],{"class":54},[40,115202,744],{"class":58},[40,115204,62],{"class":54},[40,115206,663],{"class":58},[40,115208,62],{"class":54},[40,115210,663],{"class":58},[40,115212,62],{"class":54},[40,115214,749],{"class":58},[40,115216,570],{"class":54},[40,115218,115219],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,115220,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,115222,115223,115225,115227,115229],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,115224,101],{"class":84},[40,115226,88],{"class":54},[40,115228,15433],{"class":91},[40,115230,95],{"class":54},[40,115232,115233],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,115234,114333],{"class":3449},[792,115236,115238,115239,44382,115241,115243],{"id":115237},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115240,14722],{},[15,115242,95805],{}," is better",[20,115245,115246,115247,115249],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115248,95805],{}," is usually the better choice.",[31,115251,115253],{"className":33,"code":115252,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115254,115255,115271,115289,115293,115303],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,115256,115257,115259,115261,115263,115265,115267,115269],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,115258,15395],{"class":46},[40,115260,51],{"class":50},[40,115262,10260],{"class":54},[40,115264,213],{"class":212},[40,115266,236],{"class":216},[40,115268,213],{"class":212},[40,115270,9079],{"class":54},[40,115272,115273,115275,115277,115279,115281,115283,115285,115287],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,115274,15433],{"class":46},[40,115276,289],{"class":54},[40,115278,81705],{"class":91},[40,115280,88],{"class":54},[40,115282,213],{"class":212},[40,115284,217],{"class":216},[40,115286,213],{"class":212},[40,115288,95],{"class":54},[40,115290,115291],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,115292,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,115294,115295,115297,115299,115301],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,115296,101],{"class":84},[40,115298,88],{"class":54},[40,115300,15433],{"class":91},[40,115302,95],{"class":54},[40,115304,115305],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,115306,114493],{"class":3449},[129,115308,1636],{"id":1635},[792,115310,12474,115312,96895],{"id":115311},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115313,96916],{},[20,115315,96898,115316,289],{},[15,115317,3565],{},[792,115319,1671,115320,31987],{"id":31984},[15,115321,14722],{},[20,115323,115324],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[792,115326,4957,115328,4176,115330,2275],{"id":115327},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115329,95805],{},[15,115331,14722],{},[20,115333,115334,115336,115337,115339],{},[15,115335,95805],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115338,14722],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[792,115341,115343],{"id":115342},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115345,115346,115347,114342],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115348,14722],{},[792,115350,115352],{"id":115351},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115354,123,115355,799,115357,289],{},[15,115356,102401],{},[15,115358,14722],{},[129,115360,1687],{"id":1686},[134,115362,115363,115370,115377,115383,115389],{},[137,115364,115365],{},[282,115366,115367],{"href":98102},[15,115368,115369],{},"Python set add() method",[137,115371,115372],{},[282,115373,115374],{"href":102398},[15,115375,115376],{},"Python set union() method",[137,115378,115379],{},[282,115380,115381],{"href":97485},[15,115382,96940],{},[137,115384,115385],{},[282,115386,115387],{"href":98679},[15,115388,99946],{},[137,115390,115391],{},[282,115392,115393,115395],{"href":52346},[15,115394,115162],{}," fix",[20,115397,115398,115399,115401,115402,115404],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115400,95810],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115403,107645],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1715,115406,115407],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":115409},[115410,115411,115413,115414,115415,115416,115417,115418,115420,115425,115432,115441],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":113640,"depth":76,"text":115412},"What set.update() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":21730,"depth":76,"text":21731},{"id":114026,"depth":76,"text":114027},{"id":114129,"depth":76,"text":114130},{"id":114336,"depth":76,"text":114337},{"id":114496,"depth":76,"text":115419},"update() vs add()",{"id":114716,"depth":76,"text":115421,"children":115422},"update() vs union()",[115423,115424],{"id":30224,"depth":98,"text":14722},{"id":110871,"depth":98,"text":102401},{"id":114916,"depth":76,"text":114917,"children":115426},[115427,115428,115429,115430],{"id":114924,"depth":98,"text":114925},{"id":115054,"depth":98,"text":115055},{"id":115165,"depth":98,"text":115166},{"id":115237,"depth":98,"text":115431},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":115433},[115434,115436,115437,115439,115440],{"id":115311,"depth":98,"text":115435},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31984,"depth":98,"text":32057},{"id":115327,"depth":98,"text":115438},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115342,"depth":98,"text":115343},{"id":115351,"depth":98,"text":115352},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113552,"description":115442},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115448,"title":115449,"body":115450,"description":117216,"extension":1746,"meta":117217,"navigation":360,"path":13557,"seo":117218,"stem":117219,"__hash__":117220},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115451,"toc":117191},[115452,115455,115458,115461,115472,115480,115483,115485,115634,115646,115650,115667,115671,115679,115681,115692,115694,115791,115797,115800,115896,115905,115910,115914,115919,115921,115931,115933,116042,116050,116054,116057,116060,116077,116083,116163,116166,116170,116173,116177,116180,116239,116242,116246,116249,116341,116345,116348,116455,116459,116465,116493,116495,116577,116587,116591,116594,116605,116608,116693,116696,116701,116705,116708,116719,116722,116864,116867,116871,116874,116888,116891,116952,116958,116960,116963,116985,116988,117088,117091,117123,117125,117129,117132,117134,117137,117141,117144,117148,117151,117155,117158,117160,117188],[10,115453,115449],{"id":115454},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115456,115457],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115459,115460],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[134,115462,115463,115466,115469],{},[137,115464,115465],{},"a list inside another list",[137,115467,115468],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[137,115470,115471],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115473,99868,115474,4176,115476,115479],{},[183,115475,12620],{},[183,115477,115478],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115481,115482],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[129,115484,1787],{"id":1786},[31,115486,115488],{"className":33,"code":115487,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115489,115490,115497,115501,115527,115547,115567,115571,115589,115593,115606,115620],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,115491,115492,115494],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,115493,34854],{"class":535},[40,115495,115496],{"class":46}," copy\n",[40,115498,115499],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,115500,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,115502,115503,115505,115507,115509,115511,115513,115515,115517,115519,115521,115523,115525],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,115504,11855],{"class":46},[40,115506,51],{"class":50},[40,115508,655],{"class":54},[40,115510,658],{"class":58},[40,115512,62],{"class":54},[40,115514,663],{"class":58},[40,115516,666],{"class":54},[40,115518,55],{"class":54},[40,115520,401],{"class":58},[40,115522,62],{"class":54},[40,115524,675],{"class":58},[40,115526,690],{"class":54},[40,115528,115529,115532,115534,115537,115539,115541,115543,115545],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,115530,115531],{"class":46},"shallow ",[40,115533,51],{"class":50},[40,115535,115536],{"class":46}," copy",[40,115538,289],{"class":54},[40,115540,12680],{"class":91},[40,115542,88],{"class":54},[40,115544,11902],{"class":91},[40,115546,95],{"class":54},[40,115548,115549,115552,115554,115556,115558,115561,115563,115565],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,115550,115551],{"class":46},"deep ",[40,115553,51],{"class":50},[40,115555,115536],{"class":46},[40,115557,289],{"class":54},[40,115559,115560],{"class":91},"deepcopy",[40,115562,88],{"class":54},[40,115564,11902],{"class":91},[40,115566,95],{"class":54},[40,115568,115569],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,115570,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,115572,115573,115575,115577,115579,115581,115583,115585,115587],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,115574,11902],{"class":46},[40,115576,565],{"class":54},[40,115578,192],{"class":58},[40,115580,13317],{"class":54},[40,115582,13320],{"class":91},[40,115584,88],{"class":54},[40,115586,56089],{"class":58},[40,115588,95],{"class":54},[40,115590,115591],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,115592,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,115594,115595,115597,115599,115601,115603],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,115596,101],{"class":84},[40,115598,88],{"class":54},[40,115600,11902],{"class":91},[40,115602,18],{"class":54},[40,115604,115605],{"class":3449},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[40,115607,115608,115610,115612,115615,115617],{"class":42,"line":6214},[40,115609,101],{"class":84},[40,115611,88],{"class":54},[40,115613,115614],{"class":91},"shallow",[40,115616,18],{"class":54},[40,115618,115619],{"class":3449},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[40,115621,115622,115624,115626,115629,115631],{"class":42,"line":11365},[40,115623,101],{"class":84},[40,115625,88],{"class":54},[40,115627,115628],{"class":91},"deep",[40,115630,18],{"class":54},[40,115632,115633],{"class":3449},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115635,123,115636,115639,115640,4176,115642,115645],{},[15,115637,115638],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[183,115641,12620],{},[15,115643,115644],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[129,115647,115649],{"id":115648},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[134,115651,115652,115655,115658,115661,115664],{},[137,115653,115654],{},"What a copy means in Python",[137,115656,115657],{},"How shallow copy works",[137,115659,115660],{},"How deep copy works",[137,115662,115663],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[137,115665,115666],{},"When to use each approach",[129,115668,115670],{"id":115669},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115672,14955,115673,115675,115676,115678],{},[183,115674,12620],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[183,115677,185],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115680,1890],{},[134,115682,115683,115686,115689],{},[137,115684,115685],{},"the outer container is new",[137,115687,115688],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[137,115690,115691],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115693,195],{},[31,115695,115697],{"className":33,"code":115696,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115698,115699,115725,115739,115743,115761,115765,115778],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,115700,115701,115703,115705,115707,115709,115711,115713,115715,115717,115719,115721,115723],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,115702,11855],{"class":46},[40,115704,51],{"class":50},[40,115706,655],{"class":54},[40,115708,658],{"class":58},[40,115710,62],{"class":54},[40,115712,663],{"class":58},[40,115714,666],{"class":54},[40,115716,55],{"class":54},[40,115718,401],{"class":58},[40,115720,62],{"class":54},[40,115722,675],{"class":58},[40,115724,690],{"class":54},[40,115726,115727,115729,115731,115733,115735,115737],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,115728,14079],{"class":46},[40,115730,51],{"class":50},[40,115732,11930],{"class":46},[40,115734,289],{"class":54},[40,115736,12680],{"class":91},[40,115738,8413],{"class":54},[40,115740,115741],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,115742,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,115744,115745,115747,115749,115751,115753,115755,115757,115759],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,115746,14098],{"class":46},[40,115748,289],{"class":54},[40,115750,13320],{"class":91},[40,115752,2771],{"class":54},[40,115754,682],{"class":58},[40,115756,62],{"class":54},[40,115758,687],{"class":58},[40,115760,570],{"class":54},[40,115762,115763],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,115764,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,115766,115767,115769,115771,115773,115775],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,115768,101],{"class":84},[40,115770,88],{"class":54},[40,115772,11902],{"class":91},[40,115774,18],{"class":54},[40,115776,115777],{"class":3449},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[40,115779,115780,115782,115784,115786,115788],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,115781,101],{"class":84},[40,115783,88],{"class":54},[40,115785,14098],{"class":91},[40,115787,18],{"class":54},[40,115789,115790],{"class":3449},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115792,115793,115794,115796],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115795,14098],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115798,115799],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[31,115801,115803],{"className":33,"code":115802,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115804,115805,115831,115845,115849,115867,115871,115883],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,115806,115807,115809,115811,115813,115815,115817,115819,115821,115823,115825,115827,115829],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,115808,11855],{"class":46},[40,115810,51],{"class":50},[40,115812,655],{"class":54},[40,115814,658],{"class":58},[40,115816,62],{"class":54},[40,115818,663],{"class":58},[40,115820,666],{"class":54},[40,115822,55],{"class":54},[40,115824,401],{"class":58},[40,115826,62],{"class":54},[40,115828,675],{"class":58},[40,115830,690],{"class":54},[40,115832,115833,115835,115837,115839,115841,115843],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,115834,14079],{"class":46},[40,115836,51],{"class":50},[40,115838,11930],{"class":46},[40,115840,289],{"class":54},[40,115842,12680],{"class":91},[40,115844,8413],{"class":54},[40,115846,115847],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,115848,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,115850,115851,115853,115855,115857,115859,115861,115863,115865],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,115852,14098],{"class":46},[40,115854,565],{"class":54},[40,115856,192],{"class":58},[40,115858,13317],{"class":54},[40,115860,13320],{"class":91},[40,115862,88],{"class":54},[40,115864,56089],{"class":58},[40,115866,95],{"class":54},[40,115868,115869],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,115870,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,115872,115873,115875,115877,115879,115881],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,115874,101],{"class":84},[40,115876,88],{"class":54},[40,115878,11902],{"class":91},[40,115880,18],{"class":54},[40,115882,115605],{"class":3449},[40,115884,115885,115887,115889,115891,115893],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,115886,101],{"class":84},[40,115888,88],{"class":54},[40,115890,14098],{"class":91},[40,115892,18],{"class":54},[40,115894,115895],{"class":3449},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115897,115898,115899,4176,115901,115904],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115900,56193],{},[15,115902,115903],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115906,115907,115908,289],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[282,115909,43688],{"href":11834},[129,115911,115913],{"id":115912},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115915,14955,115916,115918],{},[183,115917,115478],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115920,1890],{},[134,115922,115923,115925,115928],{},[137,115924,115685],{},[137,115926,115927],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[137,115929,115930],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115932,195],{},[31,115934,115936],{"className":33,"code":115935,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115937,115938,115944,115948,115974,115992,115996,116014,116018,116030],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,115939,115940,115942],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,115941,34854],{"class":535},[40,115943,115496],{"class":46},[40,115945,115946],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,115947,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,115949,115950,115952,115954,115956,115958,115960,115962,115964,115966,115968,115970,115972],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,115951,11855],{"class":46},[40,115953,51],{"class":50},[40,115955,655],{"class":54},[40,115957,658],{"class":58},[40,115959,62],{"class":54},[40,115961,663],{"class":58},[40,115963,666],{"class":54},[40,115965,55],{"class":54},[40,115967,401],{"class":58},[40,115969,62],{"class":54},[40,115971,675],{"class":58},[40,115973,690],{"class":54},[40,115975,115976,115978,115980,115982,115984,115986,115988,115990],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,115977,14079],{"class":46},[40,115979,51],{"class":50},[40,115981,115536],{"class":46},[40,115983,289],{"class":54},[40,115985,115560],{"class":91},[40,115987,88],{"class":54},[40,115989,11902],{"class":91},[40,115991,95],{"class":54},[40,115993,115994],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,115995,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,115997,115998,116000,116002,116004,116006,116008,116010,116012],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,115999,14098],{"class":46},[40,116001,565],{"class":54},[40,116003,192],{"class":58},[40,116005,13317],{"class":54},[40,116007,13320],{"class":91},[40,116009,88],{"class":54},[40,116011,56089],{"class":58},[40,116013,95],{"class":54},[40,116015,116016],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,116017,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,116019,116020,116022,116024,116026,116028],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,116021,101],{"class":84},[40,116023,88],{"class":54},[40,116025,11902],{"class":91},[40,116027,18],{"class":54},[40,116029,115777],{"class":3449},[40,116031,116032,116034,116036,116038,116040],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,116033,101],{"class":84},[40,116035,88],{"class":54},[40,116037,14098],{"class":91},[40,116039,18],{"class":54},[40,116041,115895],{"class":3449},[20,116043,116044,116045,116047,116048,289],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116046,115903],{}," does not change ",[15,116049,56193],{},[129,116051,116053],{"id":116052},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116055,116056],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116058,116059],{},"Common reasons:",[134,116061,116062,116065,116068,116074],{},[137,116063,116064],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[137,116066,116067],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[137,116069,116070,116071,116073],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116072,51],{}," does not make a copy",[137,116075,116076],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116078,116079,116080,116082],{},"For example, this does ",[183,116081,185],{}," create a copy:",[31,116084,116086],{"className":33,"code":116085,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116087,116088,116108,116116,116120,116134,116138,116150],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,116089,116090,116092,116094,116096,116098,116100,116102,116104,116106],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,116091,11855],{"class":46},[40,116093,51],{"class":50},[40,116095,55],{"class":54},[40,116097,658],{"class":58},[40,116099,62],{"class":54},[40,116101,663],{"class":58},[40,116103,62],{"class":54},[40,116105,749],{"class":58},[40,116107,73],{"class":54},[40,116109,116110,116112,116114],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,116111,14079],{"class":46},[40,116113,51],{"class":50},[40,116115,11893],{"class":46},[40,116117,116118],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,116119,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,116121,116122,116124,116126,116128,116130,116132],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,116123,14098],{"class":46},[40,116125,289],{"class":54},[40,116127,13320],{"class":91},[40,116129,88],{"class":54},[40,116131,2288],{"class":58},[40,116133,95],{"class":54},[40,116135,116136],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,116137,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,116139,116140,116142,116144,116146,116148],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,116141,101],{"class":84},[40,116143,88],{"class":54},[40,116145,11902],{"class":91},[40,116147,18],{"class":54},[40,116149,55444],{"class":3449},[40,116151,116152,116154,116156,116158,116160],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,116153,101],{"class":84},[40,116155,88],{"class":54},[40,116157,14098],{"class":91},[40,116159,18],{"class":54},[40,116161,116162],{"class":3449},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116164,116165],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[129,116167,116169],{"id":116168},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116171,116172],{},"These three ideas are different.",[792,116174,116176],{"id":116175},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116178,116179],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[31,116181,116183],{"className":33,"code":116182,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116184,116185,116211,116219,116223],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,116186,116187,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197,116199,116201,116203,116205,116207,116209],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,116188,11855],{"class":46},[40,116190,51],{"class":50},[40,116192,655],{"class":54},[40,116194,658],{"class":58},[40,116196,62],{"class":54},[40,116198,663],{"class":58},[40,116200,666],{"class":54},[40,116202,55],{"class":54},[40,116204,401],{"class":58},[40,116206,62],{"class":54},[40,116208,675],{"class":58},[40,116210,690],{"class":54},[40,116212,116213,116215,116217],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,116214,13870],{"class":46},[40,116216,51],{"class":50},[40,116218,11893],{"class":46},[40,116220,116221],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,116222,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,116224,116225,116227,116229,116231,116233,116235,116237],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,116226,101],{"class":84},[40,116228,88],{"class":54},[40,116230,11855],{"class":91},[40,116232,11963],{"class":535},[40,116234,13938],{"class":91},[40,116236,18],{"class":54},[40,116238,3450],{"class":3449},[20,116240,116241],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[792,116243,116245],{"id":116244},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116247,116248],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[31,116250,116252],{"className":33,"code":116251,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116253,116254,116280,116294,116298,116315],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,116255,116256,116258,116260,116262,116264,116266,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276,116278],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,116257,11855],{"class":46},[40,116259,51],{"class":50},[40,116261,655],{"class":54},[40,116263,658],{"class":58},[40,116265,62],{"class":54},[40,116267,663],{"class":58},[40,116269,666],{"class":54},[40,116271,55],{"class":54},[40,116273,401],{"class":58},[40,116275,62],{"class":54},[40,116277,675],{"class":58},[40,116279,690],{"class":54},[40,116281,116282,116284,116286,116288,116290,116292],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,116283,115531],{"class":46},[40,116285,51],{"class":50},[40,116287,11930],{"class":46},[40,116289,289],{"class":54},[40,116291,12680],{"class":91},[40,116293,8413],{"class":54},[40,116295,116296],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,116297,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,116299,116300,116302,116304,116306,116308,116311,116313],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,116301,101],{"class":84},[40,116303,88],{"class":54},[40,116305,11855],{"class":91},[40,116307,11963],{"class":535},[40,116309,116310],{"class":91}," shallow",[40,116312,18],{"class":54},[40,116314,20961],{"class":3449},[40,116316,116317,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327,116329,116331,116333,116335,116337,116339],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,116318,101],{"class":84},[40,116320,88],{"class":54},[40,116322,11902],{"class":91},[40,116324,565],{"class":54},[40,116326,192],{"class":58},[40,116328,13040],{"class":54},[40,116330,613],{"class":535},[40,116332,116310],{"class":91},[40,116334,565],{"class":54},[40,116336,192],{"class":58},[40,116338,20207],{"class":54},[40,116340,3450],{"class":3449},[792,116342,116344],{"id":116343},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116346,116347],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[31,116349,116351],{"className":33,"code":116350,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116352,116353,116359,116363,116389,116407,116411,116429],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,116354,116355,116357],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,116356,34854],{"class":535},[40,116358,115496],{"class":46},[40,116360,116361],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,116362,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,116364,116365,116367,116369,116371,116373,116375,116377,116379,116381,116383,116385,116387],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,116366,11855],{"class":46},[40,116368,51],{"class":50},[40,116370,655],{"class":54},[40,116372,658],{"class":58},[40,116374,62],{"class":54},[40,116376,663],{"class":58},[40,116378,666],{"class":54},[40,116380,55],{"class":54},[40,116382,401],{"class":58},[40,116384,62],{"class":54},[40,116386,675],{"class":58},[40,116388,690],{"class":54},[40,116390,116391,116393,116395,116397,116399,116401,116403,116405],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,116392,115551],{"class":46},[40,116394,51],{"class":50},[40,116396,115536],{"class":46},[40,116398,289],{"class":54},[40,116400,115560],{"class":91},[40,116402,88],{"class":54},[40,116404,11902],{"class":91},[40,116406,95],{"class":54},[40,116408,116409],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,116410,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,116412,116413,116415,116417,116419,116421,116424,116426],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,116414,101],{"class":84},[40,116416,88],{"class":54},[40,116418,11855],{"class":91},[40,116420,11963],{"class":535},[40,116422,116423],{"class":91}," deep",[40,116425,18],{"class":54},[40,116427,116428],{"class":3449},"         # False\n",[40,116430,116431,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441,116443,116445,116447,116449,116451,116453],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,116432,101],{"class":84},[40,116434,88],{"class":54},[40,116436,11902],{"class":91},[40,116438,565],{"class":54},[40,116440,192],{"class":58},[40,116442,13040],{"class":54},[40,116444,613],{"class":535},[40,116446,116423],{"class":91},[40,116448,565],{"class":54},[40,116450,192],{"class":58},[40,116452,20207],{"class":54},[40,116454,43624],{"class":3449},[129,116456,116458],{"id":116457},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116460,116461,116462,2669],{},"These all make ",[183,116463,116464],{},"shallow copies",[134,116466,116467,116471,116475,116480,116486],{},[137,116468,116469],{},[15,116470,55344],{},[137,116472,116473],{},[15,116474,12204],{},[137,116476,116477],{},[15,116478,116479],{},"set.copy()",[137,116481,116482,116483],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116484,116485],{},"my_list[:]",[137,116487,116488,116490,116491,34844],{},[15,116489,115638],{}," from the ",[15,116492,12680],{},[20,116494,1908],{},[31,116496,116498],{"className":33,"code":116497,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116499,116500,116520,116524,116538,116549,116553,116565],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,116501,116502,116504,116506,116508,116510,116512,116514,116516,116518],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,116503,47],{"class":46},[40,116505,51],{"class":50},[40,116507,55],{"class":54},[40,116509,658],{"class":58},[40,116511,62],{"class":54},[40,116513,663],{"class":58},[40,116515,62],{"class":54},[40,116517,749],{"class":58},[40,116519,73],{"class":54},[40,116521,116522],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,116523,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,116525,116526,116528,116530,116532,116534,116536],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,116527,1384],{"class":46},[40,116529,51],{"class":50},[40,116531,4045],{"class":46},[40,116533,289],{"class":54},[40,116535,12680],{"class":91},[40,116537,8413],{"class":54},[40,116539,116540,116542,116544,116546],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,116541,1405],{"class":46},[40,116543,51],{"class":50},[40,116545,4045],{"class":46},[40,116547,116548],{"class":54},"[:]\n",[40,116550,116551],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,116552,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,116554,116555,116557,116559,116561,116563],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,116556,101],{"class":84},[40,116558,88],{"class":54},[40,116560,282],{"class":91},[40,116562,18],{"class":54},[40,116564,54675],{"class":3449},[40,116566,116567,116569,116571,116573,116575],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,116568,101],{"class":84},[40,116570,88],{"class":54},[40,116572,1017],{"class":91},[40,116574,18],{"class":54},[40,116576,54675],{"class":3449},[20,116578,72739,116579,47285,116583,289],{},[282,116580,116581,10510],{"href":54703},[15,116582,55344],{},[282,116584,116585,10510],{"href":12201},[15,116586,12204],{},[129,116588,116590],{"id":116589},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116592,116593],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[134,116595,116596,116599,116602],{},[137,116597,116598],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[137,116600,116601],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[137,116603,116604],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116606,116607],{},"Example with a flat list:",[31,116609,116611],{"className":33,"code":116610,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116612,116613,116633,116647,116651,116665,116669,116681],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,116614,116615,116617,116619,116621,116623,116625,116627,116629,116631],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,116616,11855],{"class":46},[40,116618,51],{"class":50},[40,116620,55],{"class":54},[40,116622,658],{"class":58},[40,116624,62],{"class":54},[40,116626,663],{"class":58},[40,116628,62],{"class":54},[40,116630,749],{"class":58},[40,116632,73],{"class":54},[40,116634,116635,116637,116639,116641,116643,116645],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,116636,14079],{"class":46},[40,116638,51],{"class":50},[40,116640,11930],{"class":46},[40,116642,289],{"class":54},[40,116644,12680],{"class":91},[40,116646,8413],{"class":54},[40,116648,116649],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,116650,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,116652,116653,116655,116657,116659,116661,116663],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,116654,14098],{"class":46},[40,116656,289],{"class":54},[40,116658,13320],{"class":91},[40,116660,88],{"class":54},[40,116662,2288],{"class":58},[40,116664,95],{"class":54},[40,116666,116667],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,116668,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,116670,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,116672,101],{"class":84},[40,116674,88],{"class":54},[40,116676,11902],{"class":91},[40,116678,18],{"class":54},[40,116680,54675],{"class":3449},[40,116682,116683,116685,116687,116689,116691],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,116684,101],{"class":84},[40,116686,88],{"class":54},[40,116688,14098],{"class":91},[40,116690,18],{"class":54},[40,116692,116162],{"class":3449},[20,116694,116695],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116697,116698,116699,289],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[282,116700,14656],{"href":56962},[129,116702,116704],{"id":116703},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116706,116707],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[134,116709,116710,116713,116716],{},[137,116711,116712],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[137,116714,116715],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[137,116717,116718],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116720,116721],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[31,116723,116725],{"className":33,"code":116724,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116726,116727,116733,116737,116763,116777,116795,116799,116821,116825,116838,116851],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,116728,116729,116731],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,116730,34854],{"class":535},[40,116732,115496],{"class":46},[40,116734,116735],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,116736,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,116738,116739,116741,116743,116745,116747,116749,116751,116753,116755,116757,116759,116761],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,116740,11855],{"class":46},[40,116742,51],{"class":50},[40,116744,10260],{"class":54},[40,116746,213],{"class":212},[40,116748,16156],{"class":216},[40,116750,213],{"class":212},[40,116752,2669],{"class":54},[40,116754,55],{"class":54},[40,116756,59],{"class":58},[40,116758,62],{"class":54},[40,116760,65],{"class":58},[40,116762,13473],{"class":54},[40,116764,116765,116767,116769,116771,116773,116775],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,116766,115531],{"class":46},[40,116768,51],{"class":50},[40,116770,11930],{"class":46},[40,116772,289],{"class":54},[40,116774,12680],{"class":91},[40,116776,8413],{"class":54},[40,116778,116779,116781,116783,116785,116787,116789,116791,116793],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,116780,115551],{"class":46},[40,116782,51],{"class":50},[40,116784,115536],{"class":46},[40,116786,289],{"class":54},[40,116788,115560],{"class":91},[40,116790,88],{"class":54},[40,116792,11902],{"class":91},[40,116794,95],{"class":54},[40,116796,116797],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,116798,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,116800,116801,116803,116805,116807,116809,116811,116813,116815,116817,116819],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,116802,11902],{"class":46},[40,116804,565],{"class":54},[40,116806,213],{"class":212},[40,116808,16156],{"class":216},[40,116810,213],{"class":212},[40,116812,13317],{"class":54},[40,116814,13320],{"class":91},[40,116816,88],{"class":54},[40,116818,36598],{"class":58},[40,116820,95],{"class":54},[40,116822,116823],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,116824,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,116826,116827,116829,116831,116833,116835],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,116828,101],{"class":84},[40,116830,88],{"class":54},[40,116832,11902],{"class":91},[40,116834,18],{"class":54},[40,116836,116837],{"class":3449},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[40,116839,116840,116842,116844,116846,116848],{"class":42,"line":6214},[40,116841,101],{"class":84},[40,116843,88],{"class":54},[40,116845,115614],{"class":91},[40,116847,18],{"class":54},[40,116849,116850],{"class":3449},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[40,116852,116853,116855,116857,116859,116861],{"class":42,"line":11365},[40,116854,101],{"class":84},[40,116856,88],{"class":54},[40,116858,115628],{"class":91},[40,116860,18],{"class":54},[40,116862,116863],{"class":3449},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116865,116866],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[129,116868,116870],{"id":116869},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116872,116873],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[134,116875,116876,116879,116882,116885],{},[137,116877,116878],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[137,116880,116881],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[137,116883,116884],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[137,116886,116887],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116889,116890],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[31,116892,116894],{"className":33,"code":116893,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116895,116896,116904,116912,116916,116924,116928,116940],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,116897,116898,116900,116902],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,116899,1384],{"class":46},[40,116901,51],{"class":50},[40,116903,2369],{"class":58},[40,116905,116906,116908,116910],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,116907,1405],{"class":46},[40,116909,51],{"class":50},[40,116911,35931],{"class":46},[40,116913,116914],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,116915,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,116917,116918,116920,116922],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,116919,1405],{"class":46},[40,116921,51],{"class":50},[40,116923,14382],{"class":58},[40,116925,116926],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,116927,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,116929,116930,116932,116934,116936,116938],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,116931,101],{"class":84},[40,116933,88],{"class":54},[40,116935,282],{"class":91},[40,116937,18],{"class":54},[40,116939,26556],{"class":3449},[40,116941,116942,116944,116946,116948,116950],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,116943,101],{"class":84},[40,116945,88],{"class":54},[40,116947,1017],{"class":91},[40,116949,18],{"class":54},[40,116951,27376],{"class":3449},[20,116953,93110,116954,116957],{},[282,116955,116956],{"href":11834},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[129,116959,2613],{"id":2612},[20,116961,116962],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[134,116964,116965,116969,116974,116979,116982],{},[137,116966,795,116967,56526],{},[15,116968,51],{},[137,116970,795,116971,116973],{},[15,116972,55344],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[137,116975,795,116976,116978],{},[15,116977,12204],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[137,116980,116981],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[137,116983,116984],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,116986,116987],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[31,116989,116991],{"className":33,"code":116990,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,116992,116993,117007,117021,117043,117074],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,116994,116995,116997,116999,117001,117003,117005],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,116996,101],{"class":84},[40,116998,88],{"class":54},[40,117000,11855],{"class":91},[40,117002,11963],{"class":535},[40,117004,14152],{"class":91},[40,117006,95],{"class":54},[40,117008,117009,117011,117013,117015,117017,117019],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,117010,101],{"class":84},[40,117012,88],{"class":54},[40,117014,11855],{"class":91},[40,117016,4470],{"class":50},[40,117018,14152],{"class":91},[40,117020,95],{"class":54},[40,117022,117023,117025,117027,117029,117031,117033,117035,117037,117039,117041],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,117024,101],{"class":84},[40,117026,88],{"class":54},[40,117028,12419],{"class":84},[40,117030,88],{"class":54},[40,117032,11902],{"class":91},[40,117034,9003],{"class":54},[40,117036,14584],{"class":84},[40,117038,88],{"class":54},[40,117040,14098],{"class":91},[40,117042,256],{"class":54},[40,117044,117045,117047,117049,117051,117053,117055,117057,117059,117062,117064,117066,117068,117070,117072],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,117046,101],{"class":84},[40,117048,88],{"class":54},[40,117050,12419],{"class":84},[40,117052,88],{"class":54},[40,117054,11902],{"class":91},[40,117056,565],{"class":54},[40,117058,192],{"class":58},[40,117060,117061],{"class":54},"]),",[40,117063,14584],{"class":84},[40,117065,88],{"class":54},[40,117067,14098],{"class":91},[40,117069,565],{"class":54},[40,117071,192],{"class":58},[40,117073,2784],{"class":54},[40,117075,117076,117078,117080,117082,117084,117086],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,117077,101],{"class":84},[40,117079,88],{"class":54},[40,117081,1297],{"class":609},[40,117083,88],{"class":54},[40,117085,11902],{"class":91},[40,117087,256],{"class":54},[20,117089,117090],{},"What they tell you:",[134,117092,117093,117098,117103,117108,117118],{},[137,117094,117095,117097],{},[15,117096,11963],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[137,117099,117100,117102],{},[15,117101,4470],{}," checks whether values are equal",[137,117104,117105,117107],{},[15,117106,43240],{}," shows the identity of an object",[137,117109,117110,117111,4176,117114,117117],{},"comparing ",[15,117112,117113],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117115,117116],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[137,117119,117120,117122],{},[15,117121,2086],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[129,117124,1636],{"id":1635},[792,117126,117128],{"id":117127},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117130,117131],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[792,117133,57012],{"id":56927},[20,117135,117136],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[792,117138,117140],{"id":117139},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117142,117143],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[792,117145,117147],{"id":117146},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117149,117150],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[792,117152,117154],{"id":117153},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117156,117157],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[129,117159,1687],{"id":1686},[134,117161,117162,117167,117173,117179,117183],{},[137,117163,117164],{},[282,117165,117166],{"href":11834},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[137,117168,117169],{},[282,117170,285,117171,10510],{"href":54703},[15,117172,55344],{},[137,117174,117175],{},[282,117176,285,117177,10510],{"href":12201},[15,117178,12204],{},[137,117180,117181],{},[282,117182,14733],{"href":56962},[137,117184,117185],{},[282,117186,117187],{"href":58236},"What is a list in Python?",[1715,117189,117190],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":117192},[117193,117194,117195,117196,117197,117198,117203,117204,117205,117206,117207,117208,117215],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":115648,"depth":76,"text":115649},{"id":115669,"depth":76,"text":115670},{"id":115912,"depth":76,"text":115913},{"id":116052,"depth":76,"text":116053},{"id":116168,"depth":76,"text":116169,"children":117199},[117200,117201,117202],{"id":116175,"depth":98,"text":116176},{"id":116244,"depth":98,"text":116245},{"id":116343,"depth":98,"text":116344},{"id":116457,"depth":76,"text":116458},{"id":116589,"depth":76,"text":116590},{"id":116703,"depth":76,"text":116704},{"id":116869,"depth":76,"text":116870},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":117209},[117210,117211,117212,117213,117214],{"id":117127,"depth":98,"text":117128},{"id":56927,"depth":98,"text":57012},{"id":117139,"depth":98,"text":117140},{"id":117146,"depth":98,"text":117147},{"id":117153,"depth":98,"text":117154},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115449,"description":117216},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117222,"title":117223,"body":117224,"description":119081,"extension":1746,"meta":119082,"navigation":360,"path":119083,"seo":119084,"stem":119085,"__hash__":119086},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117225,"toc":119039},[117226,117231,117236,117244,117246,117314,117319,117324,117339,117342,117344,117375,117377,117397,117400,117415,117417,117420,117493,117495,117540,117542,117553,117558,117562,117567,117570,117609,117611,117631,117634,117691,117693,117728,117731,117770,117772,117792,117795,117826,117828,117884,117886,117891,117962,117964,117997,118002,118007,118072,118074,118111,118114,118191,118193,118253,118260,118265,118268,118271,118352,118354,118395,118400,118403,118481,118483,118516,118525,118532,118535,118546,118549,118560,118564,118572,118581,118585,118590,118594,118599,118642,118645,118651,118654,118656,118703,118708,118712,118715,118764,118766,118787,118790,118792,118817,118820,118941,118946,118948,118953,118956,118961,118964,118972,118977,118984,118987,118995,118998,119000,119036],[10,117227,285,117229,3366],{"id":117228},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117230,74023],{},[20,117232,117233,117235],{},[15,117234,74023],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117237,117238,117239,1973,117241,117243],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117240,77466],{},[15,117242,74023],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[129,117245,3396],{"id":3395},[31,117247,117249],{"className":33,"code":117248,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117250,117251,117271,117285,117289,117301],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117252,117253,117255,117257,117259,117261,117263,117265,117267,117269],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117254,47],{"class":46},[40,117256,51],{"class":50},[40,117258,55],{"class":54},[40,117260,401],{"class":58},[40,117262,62],{"class":54},[40,117264,1226],{"class":58},[40,117266,62],{"class":54},[40,117268,663],{"class":58},[40,117270,73],{"class":54},[40,117272,117273,117275,117277,117279,117281,117283],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,117274,2013],{"class":46},[40,117276,51],{"class":50},[40,117278,74157],{"class":84},[40,117280,88],{"class":54},[40,117282,92],{"class":91},[40,117284,95],{"class":54},[40,117286,117287],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,117288,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,117290,117291,117293,117295,117297,117299],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,117292,101],{"class":84},[40,117294,88],{"class":54},[40,117296,2048],{"class":91},[40,117298,18],{"class":54},[40,117300,55431],{"class":3449},[40,117302,117303,117305,117307,117309,117311],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,117304,101],{"class":84},[40,117306,88],{"class":54},[40,117308,92],{"class":91},[40,117310,18],{"class":54},[40,117312,117313],{"class":3449},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117315,117316,117318],{},[15,117317,74023],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[129,117320,158,117322,3466],{"id":117321},"what-sorted-does",[15,117323,74023],{},[134,117325,117326,117330,117333,117336],{},[137,117327,117328,62665],{},[15,117329,74023],{},[137,117331,117332],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[137,117334,117335],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[137,117337,117338],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117340,117341],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[129,117343,1940],{"id":1939},[31,117345,117347],{"className":33,"code":117346,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117348,117349],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117350,117351,117353,117355,117357,117359,117361,117363,117365,117367,117369,117371,117373],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117352,74113],{"class":84},[40,117354,88],{"class":54},[40,117356,3507],{"class":91},[40,117358,62],{"class":54},[40,117360,21340],{"class":8946},[40,117362,51],{"class":50},[40,117364,3565],{"class":1494},[40,117366,62],{"class":54},[40,117368,77669],{"class":8946},[40,117370,51],{"class":50},[40,117372,3460],{"class":1494},[40,117374,95],{"class":54},[792,117376,17160],{"id":17159},[134,117378,117379,117384,117389],{},[137,117380,117381,117383],{},[15,117382,3507],{},": the values to sort",[137,117385,117386,117388],{},[15,117387,14609],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[137,117390,117391,117393,117394,117396],{},[15,117392,73176],{},": set to ",[15,117395,3391],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117398,117399],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[31,117401,117403],{"className":33,"code":117402,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117404,117405],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117406,117407,117409,117411,117413],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117408,74113],{"class":84},[40,117410,88],{"class":54},[40,117412,60047],{"class":91},[40,117414,95],{"class":54},[129,117416,11245],{"id":11244},[20,117418,117419],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[31,117421,117423],{"className":33,"code":117422,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117424,117425,117449,117453,117468,117472,117483],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117426,117427,117429,117431,117433,117435,117437,117439,117441,117443,117445,117447],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117428,47],{"class":46},[40,117430,51],{"class":50},[40,117432,55],{"class":54},[40,117434,682],{"class":58},[40,117436,62],{"class":54},[40,117438,663],{"class":58},[40,117440,62],{"class":54},[40,117442,6137],{"class":58},[40,117444,62],{"class":54},[40,117446,1226],{"class":58},[40,117448,73],{"class":54},[40,117450,117451],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,117452,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,117454,117455,117458,117460,117462,117464,117466],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,117456,117457],{"class":46},"sorted_numbers ",[40,117459,51],{"class":50},[40,117461,74157],{"class":84},[40,117463,88],{"class":54},[40,117465,92],{"class":91},[40,117467,95],{"class":54},[40,117469,117470],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,117471,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,117473,117474,117476,117478,117481],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,117475,101],{"class":84},[40,117477,88],{"class":54},[40,117479,117480],{"class":91},"sorted_numbers",[40,117482,95],{"class":54},[40,117484,117485,117487,117489,117491],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,117486,101],{"class":84},[40,117488,88],{"class":54},[40,117490,92],{"class":91},[40,117492,95],{"class":54},[20,117494,111],{},[31,117496,117498],{"className":33,"code":117497,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117499,117500,117520],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117501,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510,117512,117514,117516,117518],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117503,565],{"class":54},[40,117505,658],{"class":58},[40,117507,62],{"class":54},[40,117509,663],{"class":58},[40,117511,62],{"class":54},[40,117513,4387],{"class":58},[40,117515,62],{"class":54},[40,117517,6137],{"class":58},[40,117519,73],{"class":54},[40,117521,117522,117524,117526,117528,117530,117532,117534,117536,117538],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,117523,565],{"class":54},[40,117525,682],{"class":58},[40,117527,62],{"class":54},[40,117529,663],{"class":58},[40,117531,62],{"class":54},[40,117533,6137],{"class":58},[40,117535,62],{"class":54},[40,117537,1226],{"class":58},[40,117539,73],{"class":54},[20,117541,13530],{},[134,117543,117544,117549],{},[137,117545,117546,117548],{},[15,117547,117480],{}," is a new sorted list",[137,117550,117551,112085],{},[15,117552,92],{},[20,117554,117555,117556,289],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[282,117557,77976],{"href":77975},[129,117559,117561],{"id":117560},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117563,117564,117566],{},[15,117565,74023],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[792,117568,117569],{"id":610},"List",[31,117571,117573],{"className":33,"code":117572,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117574,117575,117595],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117576,117577,117579,117581,117583,117585,117587,117589,117591,117593],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117578,47],{"class":46},[40,117580,51],{"class":50},[40,117582,55],{"class":54},[40,117584,401],{"class":58},[40,117586,62],{"class":54},[40,117588,1226],{"class":58},[40,117590,62],{"class":54},[40,117592,663],{"class":58},[40,117594,73],{"class":54},[40,117596,117597,117599,117601,117603,117605,117607],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,117598,101],{"class":84},[40,117600,88],{"class":54},[40,117602,74113],{"class":84},[40,117604,88],{"class":54},[40,117606,92],{"class":91},[40,117608,256],{"class":54},[20,117610,111],{},[31,117612,117613],{"className":33,"code":54893,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,117614,117615],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117616,117617,117619,117621,117623,117625,117627,117629],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117618,565],{"class":54},[40,117620,658],{"class":58},[40,117622,62],{"class":54},[40,117624,663],{"class":58},[40,117626,62],{"class":54},[40,117628,749],{"class":58},[40,117630,73],{"class":54},[792,117632,117633],{"id":48705},"Tuple",[31,117635,117637],{"className":33,"code":117636,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117638,117639,117659,117673],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117640,117641,117643,117645,117647,117649,117651,117653,117655,117657],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117642,3610],{"class":46},[40,117644,51],{"class":50},[40,117646,9006],{"class":54},[40,117648,401],{"class":58},[40,117650,62],{"class":54},[40,117652,1226],{"class":58},[40,117654,62],{"class":54},[40,117656,663],{"class":58},[40,117658,95],{"class":54},[40,117660,117661,117663,117665,117667,117669,117671],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,117662,101],{"class":84},[40,117664,88],{"class":54},[40,117666,74113],{"class":84},[40,117668,88],{"class":54},[40,117670,5137],{"class":91},[40,117672,256],{"class":54},[40,117674,117675,117677,117679,117681,117683,117685,117687,117689],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,117676,101],{"class":84},[40,117678,88],{"class":54},[40,117680,1297],{"class":609},[40,117682,88],{"class":54},[40,117684,74113],{"class":84},[40,117686,88],{"class":54},[40,117688,5137],{"class":91},[40,117690,2697],{"class":54},[20,117692,111],{},[31,117694,117696],{"className":33,"code":117695,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117697,117698,117714],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117699,117700,117702,117704,117706,117708,117710,117712],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117701,565],{"class":54},[40,117703,658],{"class":58},[40,117705,62],{"class":54},[40,117707,663],{"class":58},[40,117709,62],{"class":54},[40,117711,749],{"class":58},[40,117713,73],{"class":54},[40,117715,117716,117718,117720,117722,117724,117726],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,117717,3076],{"class":50},[40,117719,3079],{"class":1848},[40,117721,3082],{"class":212},[40,117723,610],{"class":216},[40,117725,3087],{"class":212},[40,117727,3090],{"class":50},[792,117729,117730],{"id":6064},"Set",[31,117732,117734],{"className":33,"code":117733,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117735,117736,117756],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117737,117738,117740,117742,117744,117746,117748,117750,117752,117754],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117739,3610],{"class":46},[40,117741,51],{"class":50},[40,117743,10260],{"class":54},[40,117745,401],{"class":58},[40,117747,62],{"class":54},[40,117749,1226],{"class":58},[40,117751,62],{"class":54},[40,117753,663],{"class":58},[40,117755,9079],{"class":54},[40,117757,117758,117760,117762,117764,117766,117768],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,117759,101],{"class":84},[40,117761,88],{"class":54},[40,117763,74113],{"class":84},[40,117765,88],{"class":54},[40,117767,5137],{"class":91},[40,117769,256],{"class":54},[20,117771,111],{},[31,117773,117774],{"className":33,"code":54893,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,117775,117776],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117777,117778,117780,117782,117784,117786,117788,117790],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117779,565],{"class":54},[40,117781,658],{"class":58},[40,117783,62],{"class":54},[40,117785,663],{"class":58},[40,117787,62],{"class":54},[40,117789,749],{"class":58},[40,117791,73],{"class":54},[792,117793,117794],{"id":60913},"String",[31,117796,117798],{"className":33,"code":117797,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117799,117800,117812],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117801,117802,117804,117806,117808,117810],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117803,34450],{"class":46},[40,117805,51],{"class":50},[40,117807,224],{"class":212},[40,117809,35],{"class":216},[40,117811,3146],{"class":212},[40,117813,117814,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,117815,101],{"class":84},[40,117817,88],{"class":54},[40,117819,74113],{"class":84},[40,117821,88],{"class":54},[40,117823,34471],{"class":91},[40,117825,256],{"class":54},[20,117827,111],{},[31,117829,117830],{"className":33,"code":78993,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,117831,117832],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117833,117834,117836,117838,117840,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854,117856,117858,117860,117862,117864,117866,117868,117870,117872,117874,117876,117878,117880,117882],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117835,565],{"class":54},[40,117837,3087],{"class":212},[40,117839,60178],{"class":216},[40,117841,3087],{"class":212},[40,117843,62],{"class":54},[40,117845,3082],{"class":212},[40,117847,75629],{"class":216},[40,117849,3087],{"class":212},[40,117851,62],{"class":54},[40,117853,3082],{"class":212},[40,117855,60213],{"class":216},[40,117857,3087],{"class":212},[40,117859,62],{"class":54},[40,117861,3082],{"class":212},[40,117863,20],{"class":216},[40,117865,3087],{"class":212},[40,117867,62],{"class":54},[40,117869,3082],{"class":212},[40,117871,63026],{"class":216},[40,117873,3087],{"class":212},[40,117875,62],{"class":54},[40,117877,3082],{"class":212},[40,117879,11514],{"class":216},[40,117881,3087],{"class":212},[40,117883,73],{"class":54},[792,117885,28983],{"id":15371},[20,117887,63279,117888,117890],{},[15,117889,74023],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[31,117892,117894],{"className":33,"code":117893,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117895,117896,117948],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117897,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908,117910,117912,117914,117916,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932,117934,117936,117938,117940,117942,117944,117946],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117899,12971],{"class":46},[40,117901,51],{"class":50},[40,117903,10260],{"class":54},[40,117905,213],{"class":212},[40,117907,7446],{"class":216},[40,117909,213],{"class":212},[40,117911,2669],{"class":54},[40,117913,224],{"class":212},[40,117915,1517],{"class":216},[40,117917,213],{"class":212},[40,117919,62],{"class":54},[40,117921,224],{"class":212},[40,117923,9069],{"class":216},[40,117925,213],{"class":212},[40,117927,2669],{"class":54},[40,117929,65],{"class":58},[40,117931,62],{"class":54},[40,117933,224],{"class":212},[40,117935,10178],{"class":216},[40,117937,213],{"class":212},[40,117939,2669],{"class":54},[40,117941,224],{"class":212},[40,117943,15798],{"class":216},[40,117945,213],{"class":212},[40,117947,9079],{"class":54},[40,117949,117950,117952,117954,117956,117958,117960],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,117951,101],{"class":84},[40,117953,88],{"class":54},[40,117955,74113],{"class":84},[40,117957,88],{"class":54},[40,117959,17072],{"class":91},[40,117961,256],{"class":54},[20,117963,111],{},[31,117965,117967],{"className":33,"code":117966,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,117968,117969],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,117970,117971,117973,117975,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,117972,565],{"class":54},[40,117974,3087],{"class":212},[40,117976,9069],{"class":216},[40,117978,3087],{"class":212},[40,117980,62],{"class":54},[40,117982,3082],{"class":212},[40,117984,10178],{"class":216},[40,117986,3087],{"class":212},[40,117988,62],{"class":54},[40,117990,3082],{"class":212},[40,117992,7446],{"class":216},[40,117994,3087],{"class":212},[40,117996,73],{"class":54},[129,117998,795,118000],{"id":117999},"using-reversetrue",[15,118001,77690],{},[20,118003,123,118004,118006],{},[15,118005,77690],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[31,118008,118010],{"className":33,"code":118009,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118011,118012,118032,118036,118050],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118013,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118015,47],{"class":46},[40,118017,51],{"class":50},[40,118019,55],{"class":54},[40,118021,401],{"class":58},[40,118023,62],{"class":54},[40,118025,1226],{"class":58},[40,118027,62],{"class":54},[40,118029,663],{"class":58},[40,118031,73],{"class":54},[40,118033,118034],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,118035,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,118037,118038,118040,118042,118044,118046,118048],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,118039,101],{"class":84},[40,118041,88],{"class":54},[40,118043,74113],{"class":84},[40,118045,88],{"class":54},[40,118047,92],{"class":91},[40,118049,256],{"class":54},[40,118051,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,118053,101],{"class":84},[40,118055,88],{"class":54},[40,118057,74113],{"class":84},[40,118059,88],{"class":54},[40,118061,92],{"class":91},[40,118063,62],{"class":54},[40,118065,77669],{"class":8946},[40,118067,51],{"class":50},[40,118069,3391],{"class":1494},[40,118071,256],{"class":54},[20,118073,111],{},[31,118075,118077],{"className":33,"code":118076,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118078,118079,118095],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118080,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118082,565],{"class":54},[40,118084,658],{"class":58},[40,118086,62],{"class":54},[40,118088,663],{"class":58},[40,118090,62],{"class":54},[40,118092,749],{"class":58},[40,118094,73],{"class":54},[40,118096,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,118098,565],{"class":54},[40,118100,401],{"class":58},[40,118102,62],{"class":54},[40,118104,663],{"class":58},[40,118106,62],{"class":54},[40,118108,1226],{"class":58},[40,118110,73],{"class":54},[20,118112,118113],{},"This also works with strings:",[31,118115,118117],{"className":33,"code":118116,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118118,118119,118151,118155,118169],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118120,118121,118123,118125,118127,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118122,205],{"class":46},[40,118124,51],{"class":50},[40,118126,55],{"class":54},[40,118128,213],{"class":212},[40,118130,3862],{"class":216},[40,118132,213],{"class":212},[40,118134,62],{"class":54},[40,118136,224],{"class":212},[40,118138,3871],{"class":216},[40,118140,213],{"class":212},[40,118142,62],{"class":54},[40,118144,224],{"class":212},[40,118146,3880],{"class":216},[40,118148,213],{"class":212},[40,118150,73],{"class":54},[40,118152,118153],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,118154,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,118156,118157,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,118158,101],{"class":84},[40,118160,88],{"class":54},[40,118162,74113],{"class":84},[40,118164,88],{"class":54},[40,118166,253],{"class":91},[40,118168,256],{"class":54},[40,118170,118171,118173,118175,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187,118189],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,118172,101],{"class":84},[40,118174,88],{"class":54},[40,118176,74113],{"class":84},[40,118178,88],{"class":54},[40,118180,253],{"class":91},[40,118182,62],{"class":54},[40,118184,77669],{"class":8946},[40,118186,51],{"class":50},[40,118188,3391],{"class":1494},[40,118190,256],{"class":54},[20,118192,111],{},[31,118194,118195],{"className":33,"code":73757,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,118196,118197,118225],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118198,118199,118201,118203,118205,118207,118209,118211,118213,118215,118217,118219,118221,118223],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118200,565],{"class":54},[40,118202,3087],{"class":212},[40,118204,3862],{"class":216},[40,118206,3087],{"class":212},[40,118208,62],{"class":54},[40,118210,3082],{"class":212},[40,118212,3871],{"class":216},[40,118214,3087],{"class":212},[40,118216,62],{"class":54},[40,118218,3082],{"class":212},[40,118220,3880],{"class":216},[40,118222,3087],{"class":212},[40,118224,73],{"class":54},[40,118226,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,118228,565],{"class":54},[40,118230,3087],{"class":212},[40,118232,3880],{"class":216},[40,118234,3087],{"class":212},[40,118236,62],{"class":54},[40,118238,3082],{"class":212},[40,118240,3871],{"class":216},[40,118242,3087],{"class":212},[40,118244,62],{"class":54},[40,118246,3082],{"class":212},[40,118248,3862],{"class":216},[40,118250,3087],{"class":212},[40,118252,73],{"class":54},[129,118254,795,118256,118259],{"id":118255},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118257,118258],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118261,606,118262,118264],{},[15,118263,118258],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118266,118267],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118269,118270],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[31,118272,118274],{"className":33,"code":118273,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118275,118276,118316,118320,118342],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118277,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118279,205],{"class":46},[40,118281,51],{"class":50},[40,118283,55],{"class":54},[40,118285,213],{"class":212},[40,118287,78343],{"class":216},[40,118289,213],{"class":212},[40,118291,62],{"class":54},[40,118293,224],{"class":212},[40,118295,38114],{"class":216},[40,118297,213],{"class":212},[40,118299,62],{"class":54},[40,118301,224],{"class":212},[40,118303,3871],{"class":216},[40,118305,213],{"class":212},[40,118307,62],{"class":54},[40,118309,224],{"class":212},[40,118311,38097],{"class":216},[40,118313,213],{"class":212},[40,118315,73],{"class":54},[40,118317,118318],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,118319,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,118321,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,118323,2013],{"class":46},[40,118325,51],{"class":50},[40,118327,74157],{"class":84},[40,118329,88],{"class":54},[40,118331,253],{"class":91},[40,118333,62],{"class":54},[40,118335,21340],{"class":8946},[40,118337,51],{"class":50},[40,118339,17],{"class":84},[40,118341,95],{"class":54},[40,118343,118344,118346,118348,118350],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,118345,101],{"class":84},[40,118347,88],{"class":54},[40,118349,2048],{"class":91},[40,118351,95],{"class":54},[20,118353,111],{},[31,118355,118357],{"className":33,"code":118356,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118358,118359],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118360,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369,118371,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383,118385,118387,118389,118391,118393],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118362,565],{"class":54},[40,118364,3087],{"class":212},[40,118366,38114],{"class":216},[40,118368,3087],{"class":212},[40,118370,62],{"class":54},[40,118372,3082],{"class":212},[40,118374,78343],{"class":216},[40,118376,3087],{"class":212},[40,118378,62],{"class":54},[40,118380,3082],{"class":212},[40,118382,38097],{"class":216},[40,118384,3087],{"class":212},[40,118386,62],{"class":54},[40,118388,3082],{"class":212},[40,118390,3871],{"class":216},[40,118392,3087],{"class":212},[40,118394,73],{"class":54},[20,118396,20532,118397,118399],{},[15,118398,17],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118401,118402],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[31,118404,118406],{"className":33,"code":118405,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118407,118408,118441,118445,118471],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118409,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118437,118439],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118411,205],{"class":46},[40,118413,51],{"class":50},[40,118415,55],{"class":54},[40,118417,213],{"class":212},[40,118419,82962],{"class":216},[40,118421,213],{"class":212},[40,118423,62],{"class":54},[40,118425,224],{"class":212},[40,118427,3862],{"class":216},[40,118429,213],{"class":212},[40,118431,62],{"class":54},[40,118433,224],{"class":212},[40,118435,118436],{"class":216},"Cherry",[40,118438,213],{"class":212},[40,118440,73],{"class":54},[40,118442,118443],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,118444,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,118446,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,118448,2013],{"class":46},[40,118450,51],{"class":50},[40,118452,74157],{"class":84},[40,118454,88],{"class":54},[40,118456,253],{"class":91},[40,118458,62],{"class":54},[40,118460,21340],{"class":8946},[40,118462,51],{"class":50},[40,118464,3231],{"class":609},[40,118466,289],{"class":54},[40,118468,8410],{"class":24512},[40,118470,95],{"class":54},[40,118472,118473,118475,118477,118479],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,118474,101],{"class":84},[40,118476,88],{"class":54},[40,118478,2048],{"class":91},[40,118480,95],{"class":54},[20,118482,111],{},[31,118484,118486],{"className":33,"code":118485,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118487,118488],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118489,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508,118510,118512,118514],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118491,565],{"class":54},[40,118493,3087],{"class":212},[40,118495,3862],{"class":216},[40,118497,3087],{"class":212},[40,118499,62],{"class":54},[40,118501,3082],{"class":212},[40,118503,82962],{"class":216},[40,118505,3087],{"class":212},[40,118507,62],{"class":54},[40,118509,3082],{"class":212},[40,118511,118436],{"class":216},[40,118513,3087],{"class":212},[40,118515,73],{"class":54},[20,118517,118518,118519,35093,118521,289],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118520,25],{},[282,118522,285,118523,288],{"href":284},[15,118524,25],{},[129,118526,118528,10355,118530],{"id":118527},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118529,74023],{},[15,118531,77466],{},[20,118533,118534],{},"The main difference is this:",[134,118536,118537,118542],{},[137,118538,118539,118541],{},[15,118540,74023],{}," returns a new list",[137,118543,118544,73561],{},[15,118545,77466],{},[20,118547,118548],{},"Also:",[134,118550,118551,118556],{},[137,118552,118553,118555],{},[15,118554,74023],{}," works with many iterables",[137,118557,118558,78899],{},[15,118559,77466],{},[20,118561,123,118562,10371],{},[15,118563,74023],{},[134,118565,118566,118569],{},[137,118567,118568],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[137,118570,118571],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118573,118574,118575,289],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[282,118576,285,118577,10355,118579,5562],{"href":78724},[15,118578,74023],{},[15,118580,77466],{},[129,118582,118584],{"id":118583},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118586,118587,118588,289],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118589,74023],{},[792,118591,118593],{"id":118592},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118595,118596,118597,2669],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118598,2790],{},[31,118600,118602],{"className":33,"code":118601,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118603,118604,118628],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118605,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118607,3610],{"class":46},[40,118609,51],{"class":50},[40,118611,55],{"class":54},[40,118613,658],{"class":58},[40,118615,62],{"class":54},[40,118617,224],{"class":212},[40,118619,744],{"class":216},[40,118621,213],{"class":212},[40,118623,62],{"class":54},[40,118625,749],{"class":58},[40,118627,73],{"class":54},[40,118629,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,118631,101],{"class":84},[40,118633,88],{"class":54},[40,118635,74113],{"class":84},[40,118637,88],{"class":54},[40,118639,5137],{"class":91},[40,118641,256],{"class":54},[20,118643,118644],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[792,118646,118648,118649,2087],{"id":118647},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118650,14609],{},[20,118652,118653],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118655,195],{},[31,118657,118659],{"className":33,"code":118658,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118660,118661,118681],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118662,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118664,47],{"class":46},[40,118666,51],{"class":50},[40,118668,55],{"class":54},[40,118670,59],{"class":58},[40,118672,62],{"class":54},[40,118674,663],{"class":58},[40,118676,62],{"class":54},[40,118678,70],{"class":58},[40,118680,73],{"class":54},[40,118682,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697,118699,118701],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,118684,101],{"class":84},[40,118686,88],{"class":54},[40,118688,74113],{"class":84},[40,118690,88],{"class":54},[40,118692,92],{"class":91},[40,118694,62],{"class":54},[40,118696,21340],{"class":8946},[40,118698,51],{"class":50},[40,118700,17],{"class":84},[40,118702,256],{"class":54},[20,118704,48262,118705,118707],{},[15,118706,25],{}," does not work on integers.",[792,118709,118711],{"id":118710},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118713,118714],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[31,118716,118718],{"className":33,"code":118717,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118719,118720,118740,118750,118754],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118721,118722,118724,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734,118736,118738],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118723,47],{"class":46},[40,118725,51],{"class":50},[40,118727,55],{"class":54},[40,118729,401],{"class":58},[40,118731,62],{"class":54},[40,118733,1226],{"class":58},[40,118735,62],{"class":54},[40,118737,663],{"class":58},[40,118739,73],{"class":54},[40,118741,118742,118744,118746,118748],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,118743,74113],{"class":84},[40,118745,88],{"class":54},[40,118747,92],{"class":91},[40,118749,95],{"class":54},[40,118751,118752],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,118753,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,118755,118756,118758,118760,118762],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,118757,101],{"class":84},[40,118759,88],{"class":54},[40,118761,92],{"class":91},[40,118763,95],{"class":54},[20,118765,111],{},[31,118767,118769],{"className":33,"code":118768,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118770,118771],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118772,118773,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783,118785],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118774,565],{"class":54},[40,118776,401],{"class":58},[40,118778,62],{"class":54},[40,118780,1226],{"class":58},[40,118782,62],{"class":54},[40,118784,663],{"class":58},[40,118786,73],{"class":54},[20,118788,118789],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[129,118791,2613],{"id":2612},[134,118793,118794,118798,118801,118806,118810],{},[137,118795,4361,118796,73561],{},[15,118797,74023],{},[137,118799,118800],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[137,118802,4486,118803,118805],{},[15,118804,74023],{}," always returns a list",[137,118807,795,118808,22865],{},[15,118809,118258],{},[137,118811,29410,118812,118814,118815],{},[15,118813,64051],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118816,74023],{},[20,118818,118819],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[31,118821,118823],{"className":33,"code":118822,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118824,118825,118847,118873,118911],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,118826,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843,118845],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,118828,101],{"class":84},[40,118830,88],{"class":54},[40,118832,74113],{"class":84},[40,118834,2771],{"class":54},[40,118836,401],{"class":58},[40,118838,62],{"class":54},[40,118840,1226],{"class":58},[40,118842,62],{"class":54},[40,118844,663],{"class":58},[40,118846,2784],{"class":54},[40,118848,118849,118851,118853,118855,118857,118859,118861,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,118850,101],{"class":84},[40,118852,88],{"class":54},[40,118854,1297],{"class":609},[40,118856,88],{"class":54},[40,118858,74113],{"class":84},[40,118860,5289],{"class":54},[40,118862,401],{"class":58},[40,118864,62],{"class":54},[40,118866,1226],{"class":58},[40,118868,62],{"class":54},[40,118870,663],{"class":58},[40,118872,92966],{"class":54},[40,118874,118875,118877,118879,118881,118883,118885,118887,118889,118891,118893,118895,118897,118899,118901,118903,118905,118907,118909],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,118876,101],{"class":84},[40,118878,88],{"class":54},[40,118880,74113],{"class":84},[40,118882,2771],{"class":54},[40,118884,3087],{"class":212},[40,118886,82962],{"class":216},[40,118888,3087],{"class":212},[40,118890,62],{"class":54},[40,118892,3082],{"class":212},[40,118894,3862],{"class":216},[40,118896,3087],{"class":212},[40,118898,666],{"class":54},[40,118900,21340],{"class":8946},[40,118902,51],{"class":50},[40,118904,3231],{"class":609},[40,118906,289],{"class":54},[40,118908,8410],{"class":24512},[40,118910,256],{"class":54},[40,118912,118913,118915,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,118914,101],{"class":84},[40,118916,88],{"class":54},[40,118918,74113],{"class":84},[40,118920,2771],{"class":54},[40,118922,401],{"class":58},[40,118924,62],{"class":54},[40,118926,1226],{"class":58},[40,118928,62],{"class":54},[40,118930,663],{"class":58},[40,118932,666],{"class":54},[40,118934,77669],{"class":8946},[40,118936,51],{"class":50},[40,118938,3391],{"class":1494},[40,118940,256],{"class":54},[20,118942,118943,118944,289],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[282,118945,623],{"href":622},[129,118947,1636],{"id":1635},[792,118949,12474,118951,56906],{"id":118950},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118952,74023],{},[20,118954,118955],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[792,118957,1650,118959,1654],{"id":118958},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118960,74023],{},[20,118962,118963],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[792,118965,118967,118968,799,118970,2275],{"id":118966},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,118969,74023],{},[15,118971,77466],{},[20,118973,123,118974,118976],{},[15,118975,74023],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[792,118978,1650,118980,86050,118982,2275],{"id":118979},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,118981,118258],{},[15,118983,74023],{},[20,118985,118986],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[792,118988,4935,118990,118992,118993,2275],{"id":118989},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,118991,74023],{}," give a ",[15,118994,2790],{},[20,118996,118997],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[129,118999,1687],{"id":1686},[134,119001,119002,119006,119014,119018,119024,119030],{},[137,119003,119004],{},[282,119005,79472],{"href":77975},[137,119007,119008],{},[282,119009,285,119010,10355,119012,5562],{"href":78724},[15,119011,74023],{},[15,119013,77466],{},[137,119015,119016],{},[282,119017,623],{"href":622},[137,119019,119020],{},[282,119021,285,119022,288],{"href":284},[15,119023,25],{},[137,119025,119026],{},[282,119027,285,119028,288],{"href":91622},[15,119029,35513],{},[137,119031,119032],{},[282,119033,285,119034,288],{"href":35951},[15,119035,35954],{},[1715,119037,119038],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":119040},[119041,119042,119044,119047,119048,119055,119057,119059,119061,119067,119068,119080],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":117321,"depth":76,"text":119043},"What sorted() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940,"children":119045},[119046],{"id":17159,"depth":98,"text":17160},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":117560,"depth":76,"text":117561,"children":119049},[119050,119051,119052,119053,119054],{"id":610,"depth":98,"text":117569},{"id":48705,"depth":98,"text":117633},{"id":6064,"depth":98,"text":117730},{"id":60913,"depth":98,"text":117794},{"id":15371,"depth":98,"text":28983},{"id":117999,"depth":76,"text":119056},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118255,"depth":76,"text":119058},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118527,"depth":76,"text":119060},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118583,"depth":76,"text":118584,"children":119062},[119063,119064,119066],{"id":118592,"depth":98,"text":118593},{"id":118647,"depth":98,"text":119065},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118710,"depth":98,"text":118711},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":119069},[119070,119072,119074,119076,119078],{"id":118950,"depth":98,"text":119071},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118958,"depth":98,"text":119073},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118966,"depth":98,"text":119075},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118979,"depth":98,"text":119077},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118989,"depth":98,"text":119079},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117223,"description":119081},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119088,"title":119089,"body":119090,"description":121201,"extension":1746,"meta":121202,"navigation":360,"path":78724,"seo":121203,"stem":121204,"__hash__":121205},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119091,"toc":121148},[119092,119099,119102,119112,119118,119121,119139,119147,119149,119208,119216,119220,119242,119246,119250,119252,119269,119271,119283,119289,119373,119377,119424,119430,119437,119441,119446,119448,119460,119465,119518,119522,119542,119549,119556,119560,119563,119582,119586,119700,119704,119774,119776,119788,119793,119797,119810,119814,119889,119893,119932,119939,119945,119950,119954,119968,119972,120037,120041,120074,120077,120082,120090,120097,120110,120113,120117,120200,120204,120241,120245,120348,120352,120413,120418,120425,120429,120432,120438,120441,120508,120512,120536,120538,120556,120563,120616,120620,120640,120646,120648,120705,120712,120738,120743,120748,120756,120762,120822,120826,120873,120876,120878,120881,120907,120910,121003,121005,121025,121029,121032,121050,121056,121058,121066,121071,121078,121081,121087,121090,121096,121104,121112,121117,121119,121145],[10,119093,285,119095,10355,119097,92680],{"id":119094},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119096,74023],{},[15,119098,77466],{},[20,119100,119101],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[134,119103,119104,119108],{},[137,119105,119106],{},[15,119107,74023],{},[137,119109,119110],{},[15,119111,77466],{},[20,119113,119114,119115,119117],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[183,119116,185],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119119,119120],{},"The main difference is simple:",[134,119122,119123,119131],{},[137,119124,123,119125,119127,119128],{},[15,119126,74023],{}," when you want a ",[183,119129,119130],{},"new sorted result",[137,119132,123,119133,119135,119136],{},[15,119134,77466],{}," when you want to ",[183,119137,119138],{},"change the original list",[20,119140,119141,119142,398,119144,119146],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119143,77466],{},[15,119145,3565],{}," and causes confusion.",[129,119148,3396],{"id":3395},[31,119150,119152],{"className":33,"code":119151,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119153,119154,119174,119178,119195],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119155,119156,119158,119160,119162,119164,119166,119168,119170,119172],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119157,47],{"class":46},[40,119159,51],{"class":50},[40,119161,55],{"class":54},[40,119163,401],{"class":58},[40,119165,62],{"class":54},[40,119167,1226],{"class":58},[40,119169,62],{"class":54},[40,119171,663],{"class":58},[40,119173,73],{"class":54},[40,119175,119176],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,119177,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,119179,119180,119182,119184,119186,119188,119190,119192],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,119181,55633],{"class":46},[40,119183,51],{"class":50},[40,119185,74157],{"class":84},[40,119187,88],{"class":54},[40,119189,92],{"class":91},[40,119191,18],{"class":54},[40,119193,119194],{"class":3449},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[40,119196,119197,119199,119201,119203,119205],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,119198,92],{"class":46},[40,119200,289],{"class":54},[40,119202,34562],{"class":91},[40,119204,7143],{"class":54},[40,119206,119207],{"class":3449},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119209,123,119210,119212,119213,119215],{},[15,119211,74023],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119214,77466],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[129,119217,119219],{"id":119218},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[134,119221,119222,119227,119232,119239],{},[137,119223,123,119224,119226],{},[15,119225,74023],{}," to get a new sorted list",[137,119228,123,119229,119231],{},[15,119230,77466],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[137,119233,119234,119235,398,119237],{},"Understand why ",[15,119236,77466],{},[15,119238,3565],{},[137,119240,119241],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[129,119243,158,119244,3466],{"id":117321},[15,119245,74023],{},[20,119247,119248,62665],{},[15,119249,74023],{},[20,119251,48679],{},[134,119253,119254,119260,119266],{},[137,119255,119256,119257],{},"returns a ",[183,119258,119259],{},"new list",[137,119261,119262,119263,119265],{},"does ",[183,119264,185],{}," change the original data",[137,119267,119268],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119270,50885],{},[134,119272,119273,119275,119277,119279,119281],{},[137,119274,5078],{},[137,119276,5081],{},[137,119278,5087],{},[137,119280,5084],{},[137,119282,35674],{},[792,119284,34841,119286,119288],{"id":119285},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119287,74023],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[31,119290,119292],{"className":33,"code":119291,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119293,119294,119314,119318,119332,119336,119354],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119295,119296,119298,119300,119302,119304,119306,119308,119310,119312],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119297,47],{"class":46},[40,119299,51],{"class":50},[40,119301,55],{"class":54},[40,119303,401],{"class":58},[40,119305,62],{"class":54},[40,119307,1226],{"class":58},[40,119309,62],{"class":54},[40,119311,663],{"class":58},[40,119313,73],{"class":54},[40,119315,119316],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,119317,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,119319,119320,119322,119324,119326,119328,119330],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,119321,2013],{"class":46},[40,119323,51],{"class":50},[40,119325,74157],{"class":84},[40,119327,88],{"class":54},[40,119329,92],{"class":91},[40,119331,95],{"class":54},[40,119333,119334],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,119335,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,119337,119338,119340,119342,119344,119346,119348,119350,119352],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,119339,101],{"class":84},[40,119341,88],{"class":54},[40,119343,213],{"class":212},[40,119345,11923],{"class":216},[40,119347,213],{"class":212},[40,119349,62],{"class":54},[40,119351,4045],{"class":91},[40,119353,95],{"class":54},[40,119355,119356,119358,119360,119362,119365,119367,119369,119371],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,119357,101],{"class":84},[40,119359,88],{"class":54},[40,119361,213],{"class":212},[40,119363,119364],{"class":216},"sorted result:",[40,119366,213],{"class":212},[40,119368,62],{"class":54},[40,119370,80816],{"class":91},[40,119372,95],{"class":54},[20,119374,119375],{},[183,119376,111],{},[31,119378,119380],{"className":33,"code":119379,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119381,119382,119402],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119383,119384,119386,119388,119390,119392,119394,119396,119398,119400],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119385,11902],{"class":46},[40,119387,2669],{"class":54},[40,119389,55],{"class":54},[40,119391,401],{"class":58},[40,119393,62],{"class":54},[40,119395,1226],{"class":58},[40,119397,62],{"class":54},[40,119399,663],{"class":58},[40,119401,73],{"class":54},[40,119403,119404,119406,119408,119410,119412,119414,119416,119418,119420,119422],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,119405,74113],{"class":84},[40,119407,80816],{"class":46},[40,119409,2669],{"class":54},[40,119411,55],{"class":54},[40,119413,658],{"class":58},[40,119415,62],{"class":54},[40,119417,663],{"class":58},[40,119419,62],{"class":54},[40,119421,749],{"class":58},[40,119423,73],{"class":54},[20,119425,119426,119427,119429],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119428,92],{}," stays the same.",[20,119431,119432,119433,289],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[282,119434,285,119435,288],{"href":74120},[15,119436,74023],{},[129,119438,158,119439,3466],{"id":77532},[15,119440,77466],{},[20,119442,119443,119445],{},[15,119444,64051],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119447,48679],{},[134,119449,119450,119453,119456],{},[137,119451,119452],{},"changes the original list directly",[137,119454,119455],{},"only works on lists",[137,119457,3478,119458],{},[15,119459,3565],{},[792,119461,34841,119463,73561],{"id":119462},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119464,77466],{},[31,119466,119468],{"className":33,"code":119467,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119469,119470,119490,119494,119504,119508],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119471,119472,119474,119476,119478,119480,119482,119484,119486,119488],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119473,47],{"class":46},[40,119475,51],{"class":50},[40,119477,55],{"class":54},[40,119479,401],{"class":58},[40,119481,62],{"class":54},[40,119483,1226],{"class":58},[40,119485,62],{"class":54},[40,119487,663],{"class":58},[40,119489,73],{"class":54},[40,119491,119492],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,119493,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,119495,119496,119498,119500,119502],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,119497,92],{"class":46},[40,119499,289],{"class":54},[40,119501,34562],{"class":91},[40,119503,8413],{"class":54},[40,119505,119506],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,119507,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,119509,119510,119512,119514,119516],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,119511,101],{"class":84},[40,119513,88],{"class":54},[40,119515,92],{"class":91},[40,119517,95],{"class":54},[20,119519,119520],{},[183,119521,111],{},[31,119523,119524],{"className":33,"code":54893,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,119525,119526],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119527,119528,119530,119532,119534,119536,119538,119540],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119529,565],{"class":54},[40,119531,658],{"class":58},[40,119533,62],{"class":54},[40,119535,663],{"class":58},[40,119537,62],{"class":54},[40,119539,749],{"class":58},[40,119541,73],{"class":54},[20,119543,119544,119545,119548],{},"After calling ",[15,119546,119547],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119550,119551,119552,289],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[282,119553,285,119554,10510],{"href":74374},[15,119555,77466],{},[129,119557,119559],{"id":119558},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119561,119562],{},"Here is the core difference:",[134,119564,119565,119574],{},[137,119566,119567,119570,119571],{},[15,119568,119569],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[183,119572,119573],{},"new sorted list",[137,119575,119576,119579,119580,73931],{},[15,119577,119578],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119581,1272],{},[792,119583,119585],{"id":119584},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[31,119587,119589],{"className":33,"code":119588,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119590,119591,119611,119615,119629,119648,119667,119671,119681],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119592,119593,119595,119597,119599,119601,119603,119605,119607,119609],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119594,47],{"class":46},[40,119596,51],{"class":50},[40,119598,55],{"class":54},[40,119600,682],{"class":58},[40,119602,62],{"class":54},[40,119604,663],{"class":58},[40,119606,62],{"class":54},[40,119608,675],{"class":58},[40,119610,73],{"class":54},[40,119612,119613],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,119614,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,119616,119617,119619,119621,119623,119625,119627],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,119618,1384],{"class":46},[40,119620,51],{"class":50},[40,119622,74157],{"class":84},[40,119624,88],{"class":54},[40,119626,92],{"class":91},[40,119628,95],{"class":54},[40,119630,119631,119633,119635,119637,119640,119642,119644,119646],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,119632,101],{"class":84},[40,119634,88],{"class":54},[40,119636,213],{"class":212},[40,119638,119639],{"class":216},"numbers after sorted():",[40,119641,213],{"class":212},[40,119643,62],{"class":54},[40,119645,4045],{"class":91},[40,119647,95],{"class":54},[40,119649,119650,119652,119654,119656,119659,119661,119663,119665],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,119651,101],{"class":84},[40,119653,88],{"class":54},[40,119655,213],{"class":212},[40,119657,119658],{"class":216},"a:",[40,119660,213],{"class":212},[40,119662,62],{"class":54},[40,119664,56630],{"class":91},[40,119666,95],{"class":54},[40,119668,119669],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,119670,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,119672,119673,119675,119677,119679],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,119674,92],{"class":46},[40,119676,289],{"class":54},[40,119678,34562],{"class":91},[40,119680,8413],{"class":54},[40,119682,119683,119685,119687,119689,119692,119694,119696,119698],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,119684,101],{"class":84},[40,119686,88],{"class":54},[40,119688,213],{"class":212},[40,119690,119691],{"class":216},"numbers after sort():",[40,119693,213],{"class":212},[40,119695,62],{"class":54},[40,119697,4045],{"class":91},[40,119699,95],{"class":54},[20,119701,119702],{},[183,119703,111],{},[31,119705,119707],{"className":33,"code":119706,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119708,119709,119732,119752],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119710,119711,119714,119716,119718,119720,119722,119724,119726,119728,119730],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119712,119713],{"class":46},"numbers after ",[40,119715,74113],{"class":84},[40,119717,29344],{"class":54},[40,119719,55],{"class":54},[40,119721,682],{"class":58},[40,119723,62],{"class":54},[40,119725,663],{"class":58},[40,119727,62],{"class":54},[40,119729,675],{"class":58},[40,119731,73],{"class":54},[40,119733,119734,119736,119738,119740,119742,119744,119746,119748,119750],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,119735,282],{"class":46},[40,119737,2669],{"class":54},[40,119739,55],{"class":54},[40,119741,744],{"class":58},[40,119743,62],{"class":54},[40,119745,675],{"class":58},[40,119747,62],{"class":54},[40,119749,4387],{"class":58},[40,119751,73],{"class":54},[40,119753,119754,119756,119758,119760,119762,119764,119766,119768,119770,119772],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,119755,119713],{"class":46},[40,119757,34562],{"class":91},[40,119759,29344],{"class":54},[40,119761,55],{"class":54},[40,119763,744],{"class":58},[40,119765,62],{"class":54},[40,119767,675],{"class":58},[40,119769,62],{"class":54},[40,119771,4387],{"class":58},[40,119773,73],{"class":54},[20,119775,10482],{},[134,119777,119778,119783],{},[137,119779,119780,119782],{},[15,119781,74023],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[137,119784,119785,119787],{},[15,119786,64051],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[129,119789,1345,119791],{"id":119790},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119792,74023],{},[20,119794,123,119795,10371],{},[15,119796,74023],{},[134,119798,119799,119802,119804,119807],{},[137,119800,119801],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[137,119803,118571],{},[137,119805,119806],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[137,119808,119809],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[792,119811,119813],{"id":119812},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[31,119815,119817],{"className":33,"code":119816,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119818,119819,119843,119847,119861,119865,119875],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119820,119821,119823,119825,119827,119829,119831,119833,119835,119837,119839,119841],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119822,47],{"class":46},[40,119824,51],{"class":50},[40,119826,9006],{"class":54},[40,119828,2288],{"class":58},[40,119830,62],{"class":54},[40,119832,1226],{"class":58},[40,119834,62],{"class":54},[40,119836,749],{"class":58},[40,119838,62],{"class":54},[40,119840,663],{"class":58},[40,119842,95],{"class":54},[40,119844,119845],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,119846,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,119848,119849,119851,119853,119855,119857,119859],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,119850,2013],{"class":46},[40,119852,51],{"class":50},[40,119854,74157],{"class":84},[40,119856,88],{"class":54},[40,119858,92],{"class":91},[40,119860,95],{"class":54},[40,119862,119863],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,119864,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,119866,119867,119869,119871,119873],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,119868,101],{"class":84},[40,119870,88],{"class":54},[40,119872,2048],{"class":91},[40,119874,95],{"class":54},[40,119876,119877,119879,119881,119883,119885,119887],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,119878,101],{"class":84},[40,119880,88],{"class":54},[40,119882,1297],{"class":609},[40,119884,88],{"class":54},[40,119886,2048],{"class":91},[40,119888,256],{"class":54},[20,119890,119891],{},[183,119892,111],{},[31,119894,119896],{"className":33,"code":119895,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119897,119898,119918],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119899,119900,119902,119904,119906,119908,119910,119912,119914,119916],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119901,565],{"class":54},[40,119903,658],{"class":58},[40,119905,62],{"class":54},[40,119907,663],{"class":58},[40,119909,62],{"class":54},[40,119911,749],{"class":58},[40,119913,62],{"class":54},[40,119915,675],{"class":58},[40,119917,73],{"class":54},[40,119919,119920,119922,119924,119926,119928,119930],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,119921,3076],{"class":50},[40,119923,3079],{"class":1848},[40,119925,3082],{"class":212},[40,119927,610],{"class":216},[40,119929,3087],{"class":212},[40,119931,3090],{"class":50},[20,119933,2070,119934,119936,119937,289],{},[15,119935,74023],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[183,119938,610],{},[20,119940,119941,119942,119944],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[282,119943,623],{"href":622}," is a helpful next step.",[129,119946,1345,119948],{"id":119947},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119949,77466],{},[20,119951,123,119952,10371],{},[15,119953,77466],{},[134,119955,119956,119959,119962,119965],{},[137,119957,119958],{},"you already have a list",[137,119960,119961],{},"you want to update that list directly",[137,119963,119964],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[137,119966,119967],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[792,119969,119971],{"id":119970},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[31,119973,119975],{"className":33,"code":119974,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,119976,119977,120009,120013,120023,120027],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,119978,119979,119981,119983,119985,119987,119989,119991,119993,119995,119997,119999,120001,120003,120005,120007],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,119980,1508],{"class":46},[40,119982,51],{"class":50},[40,119984,55],{"class":54},[40,119986,213],{"class":212},[40,119988,4801],{"class":216},[40,119990,213],{"class":212},[40,119992,62],{"class":54},[40,119994,224],{"class":212},[40,119996,4783],{"class":216},[40,119998,213],{"class":212},[40,120000,62],{"class":54},[40,120002,224],{"class":212},[40,120004,4792],{"class":216},[40,120006,213],{"class":212},[40,120008,73],{"class":54},[40,120010,120011],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,120012,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,120014,120015,120017,120019,120021],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,120016,1566],{"class":46},[40,120018,289],{"class":54},[40,120020,34562],{"class":91},[40,120022,8413],{"class":54},[40,120024,120025],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,120026,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,120028,120029,120031,120033,120035],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,120030,101],{"class":84},[40,120032,88],{"class":54},[40,120034,1566],{"class":91},[40,120036,95],{"class":54},[20,120038,120039],{},[183,120040,111],{},[31,120042,120044],{"className":33,"code":120043,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120045,120046],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120047,120048,120050,120052,120054,120056,120058,120060,120062,120064,120066,120068,120070,120072],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120049,565],{"class":54},[40,120051,3087],{"class":212},[40,120053,4783],{"class":216},[40,120055,3087],{"class":212},[40,120057,62],{"class":54},[40,120059,3082],{"class":212},[40,120061,4792],{"class":216},[40,120063,3087],{"class":212},[40,120065,62],{"class":54},[40,120067,3082],{"class":212},[40,120069,4801],{"class":216},[40,120071,3087],{"class":212},[40,120073,73],{"class":54},[20,120075,120076],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120078,120079,120080,289],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[282,120081,79472],{"href":77975},[129,120083,120085,4176,120087,120089],{"id":120084},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120086,73176],{},[15,120088,14609],{}," work with both",[20,120091,10360,120092,4176,120094,120096],{},[15,120093,74023],{},[15,120095,77466],{}," support:",[134,120098,120099,120104],{},[137,120100,120101,120103],{},[15,120102,77690],{}," for descending order",[137,120105,120106,120109],{},[15,120107,120108],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120111,120112],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[792,120114,120116],{"id":120115},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[31,120118,120120],{"className":33,"code":120119,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120121,120122,120142,120146,120168,120172,120190],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120123,120124,120126,120128,120130,120132,120134,120136,120138,120140],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120125,47],{"class":46},[40,120127,51],{"class":50},[40,120129,55],{"class":54},[40,120131,401],{"class":58},[40,120133,62],{"class":54},[40,120135,1226],{"class":58},[40,120137,62],{"class":54},[40,120139,663],{"class":58},[40,120141,73],{"class":54},[40,120143,120144],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,120145,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,120147,120148,120150,120152,120154,120156,120158,120160,120162,120164,120166],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,120149,101],{"class":84},[40,120151,88],{"class":54},[40,120153,74113],{"class":84},[40,120155,88],{"class":54},[40,120157,92],{"class":91},[40,120159,62],{"class":54},[40,120161,77669],{"class":8946},[40,120163,51],{"class":50},[40,120165,3391],{"class":1494},[40,120167,256],{"class":54},[40,120169,120170],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,120171,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,120173,120174,120176,120178,120180,120182,120184,120186,120188],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,120175,92],{"class":46},[40,120177,289],{"class":54},[40,120179,34562],{"class":91},[40,120181,88],{"class":54},[40,120183,73176],{"class":8946},[40,120185,51],{"class":50},[40,120187,3391],{"class":1494},[40,120189,95],{"class":54},[40,120191,120192,120194,120196,120198],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,120193,101],{"class":84},[40,120195,88],{"class":54},[40,120197,92],{"class":91},[40,120199,95],{"class":54},[20,120201,120202],{},[183,120203,111],{},[31,120205,120207],{"className":33,"code":120206,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120208,120209,120225],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120210,120211,120213,120215,120217,120219,120221,120223],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120212,565],{"class":54},[40,120214,401],{"class":58},[40,120216,62],{"class":54},[40,120218,663],{"class":58},[40,120220,62],{"class":54},[40,120222,1226],{"class":58},[40,120224,73],{"class":54},[40,120226,120227,120229,120231,120233,120235,120237,120239],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,120228,565],{"class":54},[40,120230,401],{"class":58},[40,120232,62],{"class":54},[40,120234,663],{"class":58},[40,120236,62],{"class":54},[40,120238,1226],{"class":58},[40,120240,73],{"class":54},[792,120242,120244],{"id":120243},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[31,120246,120248],{"className":33,"code":120247,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120249,120250,120282,120286,120312,120316,120338],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120251,120252,120254,120256,120258,120260,120262,120264,120266,120268,120270,120272,120274,120276,120278,120280],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120253,205],{"class":46},[40,120255,51],{"class":50},[40,120257,55],{"class":54},[40,120259,213],{"class":212},[40,120261,82962],{"class":216},[40,120263,213],{"class":212},[40,120265,62],{"class":54},[40,120267,224],{"class":212},[40,120269,3862],{"class":216},[40,120271,213],{"class":212},[40,120273,62],{"class":54},[40,120275,224],{"class":212},[40,120277,118436],{"class":216},[40,120279,213],{"class":212},[40,120281,73],{"class":54},[40,120283,120284],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,120285,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,120287,120288,120290,120292,120294,120296,120298,120300,120302,120304,120306,120308,120310],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,120289,101],{"class":84},[40,120291,88],{"class":54},[40,120293,74113],{"class":84},[40,120295,88],{"class":54},[40,120297,253],{"class":91},[40,120299,62],{"class":54},[40,120301,21340],{"class":8946},[40,120303,51],{"class":50},[40,120305,3231],{"class":609},[40,120307,289],{"class":54},[40,120309,8410],{"class":24512},[40,120311,256],{"class":54},[40,120313,120314],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,120315,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,120317,120318,120320,120322,120324,120326,120328,120330,120332,120334,120336],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,120319,253],{"class":46},[40,120321,289],{"class":54},[40,120323,34562],{"class":91},[40,120325,88],{"class":54},[40,120327,14609],{"class":8946},[40,120329,51],{"class":50},[40,120331,3231],{"class":609},[40,120333,289],{"class":54},[40,120335,8410],{"class":24512},[40,120337,95],{"class":54},[40,120339,120340,120342,120344,120346],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,120341,101],{"class":84},[40,120343,88],{"class":54},[40,120345,253],{"class":91},[40,120347,95],{"class":54},[20,120349,120350],{},[183,120351,111],{},[31,120353,120355],{"className":33,"code":120354,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120356,120357,120385],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120358,120359,120361,120363,120365,120367,120369,120371,120373,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120360,565],{"class":54},[40,120362,3087],{"class":212},[40,120364,3862],{"class":216},[40,120366,3087],{"class":212},[40,120368,62],{"class":54},[40,120370,3082],{"class":212},[40,120372,82962],{"class":216},[40,120374,3087],{"class":212},[40,120376,62],{"class":54},[40,120378,3082],{"class":212},[40,120380,118436],{"class":216},[40,120382,3087],{"class":212},[40,120384,73],{"class":54},[40,120386,120387,120389,120391,120393,120395,120397,120399,120401,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,120388,565],{"class":54},[40,120390,3087],{"class":212},[40,120392,3862],{"class":216},[40,120394,3087],{"class":212},[40,120396,62],{"class":54},[40,120398,3082],{"class":212},[40,120400,82962],{"class":216},[40,120402,3087],{"class":212},[40,120404,62],{"class":54},[40,120406,3082],{"class":212},[40,120408,118436],{"class":216},[40,120410,3087],{"class":212},[40,120412,73],{"class":54},[20,120414,795,120415,120417],{},[15,120416,78184],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120419,120420,120421,289],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[282,120422,120424],{"href":120423},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[129,120426,120428],{"id":120427},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120430,120431],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[792,120433,120435,120436,12367],{"id":120434},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120437,77466],{},[20,120439,120440],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[31,120442,120444],{"className":33,"code":120443,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120445,120446,120466,120470,120484,120488,120498],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120447,120448,120450,120452,120454,120456,120458,120460,120462,120464],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120449,47],{"class":46},[40,120451,51],{"class":50},[40,120453,55],{"class":54},[40,120455,401],{"class":58},[40,120457,62],{"class":54},[40,120459,1226],{"class":58},[40,120461,62],{"class":54},[40,120463,663],{"class":58},[40,120465,73],{"class":54},[40,120467,120468],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,120469,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,120471,120472,120474,120476,120478,120480,120482],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,120473,2013],{"class":46},[40,120475,51],{"class":50},[40,120477,4045],{"class":46},[40,120479,289],{"class":54},[40,120481,34562],{"class":91},[40,120483,8413],{"class":54},[40,120485,120486],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,120487,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,120489,120490,120492,120494,120496],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,120491,101],{"class":84},[40,120493,88],{"class":54},[40,120495,2048],{"class":91},[40,120497,95],{"class":54},[40,120499,120500,120502,120504,120506],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,120501,101],{"class":84},[40,120503,88],{"class":54},[40,120505,92],{"class":91},[40,120507,95],{"class":54},[20,120509,120510],{},[183,120511,111],{},[31,120513,120514],{"className":33,"code":78807,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,120515,120516,120520],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120517,120518],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120519,11577],{"class":1494},[40,120521,120522,120524,120526,120528,120530,120532,120534],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,120523,565],{"class":54},[40,120525,658],{"class":58},[40,120527,62],{"class":54},[40,120529,663],{"class":58},[40,120531,62],{"class":54},[40,120533,749],{"class":58},[40,120535,73],{"class":54},[20,120537,11669],{},[134,120539,120540,120545,120550],{},[137,120541,120542,120544],{},[15,120543,119547],{}," sorts the list in place",[137,120546,34778,120547,120549],{},[183,120548,185],{}," return the sorted list",[137,120551,89586,120552,41908,120554],{},[15,120553,2048],{},[15,120555,3565],{},[792,120557,120559,120560,120562],{"id":120558},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120561,74023],{}," to change the original list",[31,120564,120566],{"className":33,"code":120565,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120567,120568,120588,120592,120602,120606],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120569,120570,120572,120574,120576,120578,120580,120582,120584,120586],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120571,47],{"class":46},[40,120573,51],{"class":50},[40,120575,55],{"class":54},[40,120577,401],{"class":58},[40,120579,62],{"class":54},[40,120581,1226],{"class":58},[40,120583,62],{"class":54},[40,120585,663],{"class":58},[40,120587,73],{"class":54},[40,120589,120590],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,120591,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,120593,120594,120596,120598,120600],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,120595,74113],{"class":84},[40,120597,88],{"class":54},[40,120599,92],{"class":91},[40,120601,95],{"class":54},[40,120603,120604],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,120605,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,120607,120608,120610,120612,120614],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,120609,101],{"class":84},[40,120611,88],{"class":54},[40,120613,92],{"class":91},[40,120615,95],{"class":54},[20,120617,120618],{},[183,120619,111],{},[31,120621,120622],{"className":33,"code":118768,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,120623,120624],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120625,120626,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120627,565],{"class":54},[40,120629,401],{"class":58},[40,120631,62],{"class":54},[40,120633,1226],{"class":58},[40,120635,62],{"class":54},[40,120637,663],{"class":58},[40,120639,73],{"class":54},[20,120641,120642,120645],{},[15,120643,120644],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120647,10577],{},[31,120649,120651],{"className":33,"code":120650,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120652,120653,120673,120677,120691,120695],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120654,120655,120657,120659,120661,120663,120665,120667,120669,120671],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120656,47],{"class":46},[40,120658,51],{"class":50},[40,120660,55],{"class":54},[40,120662,401],{"class":58},[40,120664,62],{"class":54},[40,120666,1226],{"class":58},[40,120668,62],{"class":54},[40,120670,663],{"class":58},[40,120672,73],{"class":54},[40,120674,120675],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,120676,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,120678,120679,120681,120683,120685,120687,120689],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,120680,55385],{"class":46},[40,120682,51],{"class":50},[40,120684,74157],{"class":84},[40,120686,88],{"class":54},[40,120688,92],{"class":91},[40,120690,95],{"class":54},[40,120692,120693],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,120694,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,120696,120697,120699,120701,120703],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,120698,101],{"class":84},[40,120700,88],{"class":54},[40,120702,55404],{"class":91},[40,120704,95],{"class":54},[792,120706,120708,120709,120711],{"id":120707},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120710,64051],{}," on a tuple or string",[31,120713,120714],{"className":33,"code":78909,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,120715,120716,120728],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120717,120718,120720,120722,120724,120726],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120719,34450],{"class":46},[40,120721,51],{"class":50},[40,120723,224],{"class":212},[40,120725,35],{"class":216},[40,120727,3146],{"class":212},[40,120729,120730,120732,120734,120736],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,120731,34471],{"class":46},[40,120733,289],{"class":54},[40,120735,34562],{"class":91},[40,120737,8413],{"class":54},[20,120739,120740,120741,33362],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120742,64051],{},[20,120744,120745,120747],{},[15,120746,64051],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120749,120750,120751,120753,120754,289],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120752,74023],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[282,120755,4915],{"href":5365},[792,120757,120759,120760,118805],{"id":120758},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120761,74023],{},[31,120763,120765],{"className":33,"code":120764,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120766,120767,120780,120794,120798,120808],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120768,120769,120771,120773,120775,120778],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120770,34450],{"class":46},[40,120772,51],{"class":50},[40,120774,224],{"class":212},[40,120776,120777],{"class":216},"cab",[40,120779,3146],{"class":212},[40,120781,120782,120784,120786,120788,120790,120792],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,120783,2013],{"class":46},[40,120785,51],{"class":50},[40,120787,74157],{"class":84},[40,120789,88],{"class":54},[40,120791,34471],{"class":91},[40,120793,95],{"class":54},[40,120795,120796],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,120797,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,120799,120800,120802,120804,120806],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,120801,101],{"class":84},[40,120803,88],{"class":54},[40,120805,2048],{"class":91},[40,120807,95],{"class":54},[40,120809,120810,120812,120814,120816,120818,120820],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,120811,101],{"class":84},[40,120813,88],{"class":54},[40,120815,1297],{"class":609},[40,120817,88],{"class":54},[40,120819,2048],{"class":91},[40,120821,256],{"class":54},[20,120823,120824],{},[183,120825,111],{},[31,120827,120829],{"className":33,"code":120828,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120830,120831,120859],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120832,120833,120835,120837,120839,120841,120843,120845,120847,120849,120851,120853,120855,120857],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120834,565],{"class":54},[40,120836,3087],{"class":212},[40,120838,282],{"class":216},[40,120840,3087],{"class":212},[40,120842,62],{"class":54},[40,120844,3082],{"class":212},[40,120846,1017],{"class":216},[40,120848,3087],{"class":212},[40,120850,62],{"class":54},[40,120852,3082],{"class":212},[40,120854,1026],{"class":216},[40,120856,3087],{"class":212},[40,120858,73],{"class":54},[40,120860,120861,120863,120865,120867,120869,120871],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,120862,3076],{"class":50},[40,120864,3079],{"class":1848},[40,120866,3082],{"class":212},[40,120868,610],{"class":216},[40,120870,3087],{"class":212},[40,120872,3090],{"class":50},[20,120874,120875],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[129,120877,113326],{"id":113325},[20,120879,120880],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[134,120882,120883,120886,120891,120896,120902],{},[137,120884,120885],{},"confusing a function with a method",[137,120887,120888,120889,53388],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120890,64051],{},[137,120892,120893,120894,12367],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120895,77466],{},[137,120897,120898,120899,120901],{},"trying to use ",[15,120900,64051],{}," on non-list data types",[137,120903,50258,120904,120906],{},[15,120905,74023],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120908,120909],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[31,120911,120913],{"className":33,"code":120912,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120914,120915,120925,120939,120964,120979,120989],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,120916,120917,120919,120921,120923],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,120918,101],{"class":84},[40,120920,88],{"class":54},[40,120922,1272],{"class":91},[40,120924,95],{"class":54},[40,120926,120927,120929,120931,120933,120935,120937],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,120928,101],{"class":84},[40,120930,88],{"class":54},[40,120932,74113],{"class":84},[40,120934,88],{"class":54},[40,120936,1272],{"class":91},[40,120938,256],{"class":54},[40,120940,120941,120943,120945,120947,120949,120951,120953,120956,120958,120960,120962],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,120942,2013],{"class":46},[40,120944,51],{"class":50},[40,120946,8166],{"class":46},[40,120948,289],{"class":54},[40,120950,34562],{"class":91},[40,120952,7143],{"class":54},[40,120954,120955],{"class":46},"; ",[40,120957,101],{"class":84},[40,120959,88],{"class":54},[40,120961,2048],{"class":91},[40,120963,95],{"class":54},[40,120965,120966,120968,120970,120972,120974,120977],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,120967,101],{"class":84},[40,120969,88],{"class":54},[40,120971,1297],{"class":609},[40,120973,88],{"class":54},[40,120975,120976],{"class":91},"my_data",[40,120978,256],{"class":54},[40,120980,120981,120983,120985,120987],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,120982,31913],{"class":84},[40,120984,88],{"class":54},[40,120986,74113],{"class":84},[40,120988,95],{"class":54},[40,120990,120991,120993,120995,120997,120999,121001],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,120992,31913],{"class":84},[40,120994,88],{"class":54},[40,120996,610],{"class":609},[40,120998,289],{"class":54},[40,121000,34562],{"class":24512},[40,121002,95],{"class":54},[20,121004,83972],{},[134,121006,121007,121010,121014,121022],{},[137,121008,121009],{},"whether your original list changed",[137,121011,25780,121012,148],{},[15,121013,74023],{},[137,121015,121016,121017,121019,121020],{},"whether ",[15,121018,64051],{}," returned ",[15,121021,3565],{},[137,121023,121024],{},"what type of object you are working with",[129,121026,121028],{"id":121027},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121030,121031],{},"Use this rule:",[134,121033,121034,121042],{},[137,121035,121036,121037,121039,121040],{},"Need a ",[183,121038,119130],{},": use ",[15,121041,74023],{},[137,121043,121044,121045,121039,121048],{},"Need to ",[183,121046,121047],{},"change one list directly",[15,121049,77466],{},[20,121051,121052,121053,121055],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121054,74023],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[129,121057,1636],{"id":1635},[792,121059,121061,121062,2662,121064,2275],{"id":121060},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121063,74023],{},[15,121065,77466],{},[20,121067,121068,121070],{},[15,121069,74023],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[792,121072,4935,121074,4938,121076,2275],{"id":121073},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121075,77466],{},[15,121077,3565],{},[20,121079,121080],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[792,121082,4947,121084,121086],{"id":121083},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121085,74023],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121088,121089],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[792,121091,1671,121093,121095],{"id":121092},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121094,64051],{}," on a string?",[20,121097,46118,121098,121100,121101,39684],{},[15,121099,64051],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121102,121103],{},"sorted(string)",[792,121105,11588,121107,4176,121109,121111],{"id":121106},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121108,74023],{},[15,121110,64051],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121113,121114,121115,289],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121116,77690],{},[129,121118,1687],{"id":1686},[134,121120,121121,121127,121133,121137,121141],{},[137,121122,121123],{},[282,121124,285,121125,288],{"href":74120},[15,121126,74023],{},[137,121128,121129],{},[282,121130,285,121131,10510],{"href":74374},[15,121132,77466],{},[137,121134,121135],{},[282,121136,79472],{"href":77975},[137,121138,121139],{},[282,121140,120424],{"href":120423},[137,121142,121143],{},[282,121144,623],{"href":622},[1715,121146,121147],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":121149},[121150,121151,121152,121156,121160,121163,121167,121171,121176,121186,121187,121188,121200],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":119218,"depth":76,"text":119219},{"id":117321,"depth":76,"text":119043,"children":121153},[121154],{"id":119285,"depth":98,"text":121155},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77532,"depth":76,"text":79494,"children":121157},[121158],{"id":119462,"depth":98,"text":121159},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119558,"depth":76,"text":119559,"children":121161},[121162],{"id":119584,"depth":98,"text":119585},{"id":119790,"depth":76,"text":121164,"children":121165},"When to use sorted()",[121166],{"id":119812,"depth":98,"text":119813},{"id":119947,"depth":76,"text":121168,"children":121169},"When to use list.sort()",[121170],{"id":119970,"depth":98,"text":119971},{"id":120084,"depth":76,"text":121172,"children":121173},"reverse and key work with both",[121174,121175],{"id":120115,"depth":98,"text":120116},{"id":120243,"depth":98,"text":120244},{"id":120427,"depth":76,"text":120428,"children":121177},[121178,121180,121182,121184],{"id":120434,"depth":98,"text":121179},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120558,"depth":98,"text":121181},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120707,"depth":98,"text":121183},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120758,"depth":98,"text":121185},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113325,"depth":76,"text":113326},{"id":121027,"depth":76,"text":121028},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":121189},[121190,121192,121194,121196,121198],{"id":121060,"depth":98,"text":121191},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121073,"depth":98,"text":121193},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121083,"depth":98,"text":121195},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121092,"depth":98,"text":121197},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121106,"depth":98,"text":121199},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119089,"description":121201},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121207,"title":41929,"body":121208,"description":122940,"extension":1746,"meta":122941,"navigation":360,"path":122942,"seo":122943,"stem":122944,"__hash__":122945},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121209,"toc":122897},[121210,121215,121220,121226,121228,121283,121287,121310,121315,121320,121325,121327,121358,121361,121375,121377,121379,121394,121399,121403,121406,121457,121461,121475,121482,121486,121490,121545,121549,121572,121576,121632,121636,121659,121663,121718,121722,121745,121749,121816,121820,121855,121861,121866,121871,121873,121887,121889,121963,121967,121987,121992,121999,122002,122014,122016,122085,122089,122126,122129,122154,122161,122170,122173,122185,122191,122197,122199,122205,122210,122289,122293,122334,122338,122340,122367,122370,122393,122396,122402,122405,122442,122454,122461,122463,122514,122517,122549,122552,122554,122561,122563,122578,122580,122637,122641,122665,122667,122672,122688,122695,122699,122702,122785,122795,122797,122802,122805,122811,122814,122820,122823,122829,122832,122839,122847,122849,122894],[10,121211,285,121213,3366],{"id":121212},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121214,47435],{},[20,121216,32078,121217,121219],{},[15,121218,47435],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121221,121222,121223,121225],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121224,47435],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[129,121227,1787],{"id":1786},[31,121229,121231],{"className":33,"code":121230,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121232,121233,121241,121255,121259,121269],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121234,121235,121237,121239],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121236,21389],{"class":46},[40,121238,51],{"class":50},[40,121240,44978],{"class":58},[40,121242,121243,121245,121247,121249,121251,121253],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,121244,34450],{"class":46},[40,121246,51],{"class":50},[40,121248,48656],{"class":609},[40,121250,88],{"class":54},[40,121252,9069],{"class":91},[40,121254,95],{"class":54},[40,121256,121257],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,121258,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,121260,121261,121263,121265,121267],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,121262,101],{"class":84},[40,121264,88],{"class":54},[40,121266,34471],{"class":91},[40,121268,95],{"class":54},[40,121270,121271,121273,121275,121277,121279,121281],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,121272,101],{"class":84},[40,121274,88],{"class":54},[40,121276,1297],{"class":609},[40,121278,88],{"class":54},[40,121280,34471],{"class":91},[40,121282,256],{"class":54},[20,121284,121285],{},[183,121286,111],{},[31,121288,121290],{"className":33,"code":121289,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121291,121292,121296],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121293,121294],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121295,2491],{"class":58},[40,121297,121298,121300,121302,121304,121306,121308],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,121299,3076],{"class":50},[40,121301,3079],{"class":1848},[40,121303,3082],{"class":212},[40,121305,3231],{"class":216},[40,121307,3087],{"class":212},[40,121309,3090],{"class":50},[20,121311,123,121312,121314],{},[15,121313,47435],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[129,121316,158,121318,3466],{"id":121317},"what-str-does",[15,121319,47435],{},[20,121321,121322,121324],{},[15,121323,47435],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121326,1890],{},[134,121328,121329,121336,121343,121350],{},[137,121330,121331,121332,41908,121334],{},"An integer like ",[15,121333,59],{},[15,121335,41879],{},[137,121337,121338,121339,41908,121341],{},"A float like ",[15,121340,39898],{},[15,121342,47846],{},[137,121344,121345,121346,41908,121348],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121347,3391],{},[15,121349,6419],{},[137,121351,121352,121353,41908,121355],{},"A list like ",[15,121354,74845],{},[15,121356,121357],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121359,121360],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[134,121362,121363,121366,121369,121372],{},[137,121364,121365],{},"print it",[137,121367,121368],{},"combine it with other strings",[137,121370,121371],{},"save it to a file",[137,121373,121374],{},"use it in messages",[129,121376,1940],{"id":1939},[20,121378,6995],{},[31,121380,121382],{"className":33,"code":121381,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"str(object)\n",[15,121383,121384],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121385,121386,121388,121390,121392],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121387,3231],{"class":609},[40,121389,88],{"class":54},[40,121391,42150],{"class":609},[40,121393,95],{"class":54},[20,121395,20532,121396,121398],{},[15,121397,42150],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121400,121401,7996],{},[15,121402,47435],{},[20,121404,121405],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[31,121407,121409],{"className":33,"code":121408,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121410,121411,121420,121443,121447],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121412,121413,121415,121417],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121414,4874],{"class":46},[40,121416,51],{"class":50},[40,121418,121419],{"class":58}," 100\n",[40,121421,121422,121424,121426,121428,121431,121433,121435,121437,121439,121441],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,121423,89606],{"class":46},[40,121425,51],{"class":50},[40,121427,224],{"class":212},[40,121429,121430],{"class":216},"Your score is ",[40,121432,213],{"class":212},[40,121434,2237],{"class":50},[40,121436,48656],{"class":609},[40,121438,88],{"class":54},[40,121440,85119],{"class":91},[40,121442,95],{"class":54},[40,121444,121445],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,121446,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,121448,121449,121451,121453,121455],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,121450,101],{"class":84},[40,121452,88],{"class":54},[40,121454,89623],{"class":91},[40,121456,95],{"class":54},[20,121458,121459],{},[183,121460,111],{},[31,121462,121464],{"className":33,"code":121463,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121465,121466],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121467,121468,121471,121473],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121469,121470],{"class":46},"Your score ",[40,121472,11963],{"class":50},[40,121474,121419],{"class":58},[20,121476,2080,121477,121481],{},[282,121478,121479,2087],{"href":2083},[15,121480,2086],{}," can help you check.",[129,121483,121485],{"id":121484},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[792,121487,121489],{"id":121488},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[31,121491,121493],{"className":33,"code":121492,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121494,121495,121503,121517,121521,121531],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121496,121497,121499,121501],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121498,2001],{"class":46},[40,121500,51],{"class":50},[40,121502,2369],{"class":58},[40,121504,121505,121507,121509,121511,121513,121515],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,121506,34450],{"class":46},[40,121508,51],{"class":50},[40,121510,48656],{"class":609},[40,121512,88],{"class":54},[40,121514,2023],{"class":91},[40,121516,95],{"class":54},[40,121518,121519],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,121520,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,121522,121523,121525,121527,121529],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,121524,101],{"class":84},[40,121526,88],{"class":54},[40,121528,34471],{"class":91},[40,121530,95],{"class":54},[40,121532,121533,121535,121537,121539,121541,121543],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,121534,101],{"class":84},[40,121536,88],{"class":54},[40,121538,1297],{"class":609},[40,121540,88],{"class":54},[40,121542,34471],{"class":91},[40,121544,256],{"class":54},[20,121546,121547],{},[183,121548,111],{},[31,121550,121552],{"className":33,"code":121551,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121553,121554,121558],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121555,121556],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121557,2160],{"class":58},[40,121559,121560,121562,121564,121566,121568,121570],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,121561,3076],{"class":50},[40,121563,3079],{"class":1848},[40,121565,3082],{"class":212},[40,121567,3231],{"class":216},[40,121569,3087],{"class":212},[40,121571,3090],{"class":50},[792,121573,121575],{"id":121574},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[31,121577,121579],{"className":33,"code":121578,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121580,121581,121590,121604,121608,121618],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121582,121583,121585,121587],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121584,40142],{"class":46},[40,121586,51],{"class":50},[40,121588,121589],{"class":58}," 3.14\n",[40,121591,121592,121594,121596,121598,121600,121602],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,121593,34450],{"class":46},[40,121595,51],{"class":50},[40,121597,48656],{"class":609},[40,121599,88],{"class":54},[40,121601,24912],{"class":91},[40,121603,95],{"class":54},[40,121605,121606],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,121607,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,121609,121610,121612,121614,121616],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,121611,101],{"class":84},[40,121613,88],{"class":54},[40,121615,34471],{"class":91},[40,121617,95],{"class":54},[40,121619,121620,121622,121624,121626,121628,121630],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,121621,101],{"class":84},[40,121623,88],{"class":54},[40,121625,1297],{"class":609},[40,121627,88],{"class":54},[40,121629,34471],{"class":91},[40,121631,256],{"class":54},[20,121633,121634],{},[183,121635,111],{},[31,121637,121639],{"className":33,"code":121638,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121640,121641,121645],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121642,121643],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121644,39932],{"class":58},[40,121646,121647,121649,121651,121653,121655,121657],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,121648,3076],{"class":50},[40,121650,3079],{"class":1848},[40,121652,3082],{"class":212},[40,121654,3231],{"class":216},[40,121656,3087],{"class":212},[40,121658,3090],{"class":50},[792,121660,121662],{"id":121661},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[31,121664,121666],{"className":33,"code":121665,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121667,121668,121676,121690,121694,121704],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121669,121670,121672,121674],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121671,2230],{"class":46},[40,121673,51],{"class":50},[40,121675,6200],{"class":1494},[40,121677,121678,121680,121682,121684,121686,121688],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,121679,34450],{"class":46},[40,121681,51],{"class":50},[40,121683,48656],{"class":609},[40,121685,88],{"class":54},[40,121687,2255],{"class":91},[40,121689,95],{"class":54},[40,121691,121692],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,121693,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,121695,121696,121698,121700,121702],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,121697,101],{"class":84},[40,121699,88],{"class":54},[40,121701,34471],{"class":91},[40,121703,95],{"class":54},[40,121705,121706,121708,121710,121712,121714,121716],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,121707,101],{"class":84},[40,121709,88],{"class":54},[40,121711,1297],{"class":609},[40,121713,88],{"class":54},[40,121715,34471],{"class":91},[40,121717,256],{"class":54},[20,121719,121720],{},[183,121721,111],{},[31,121723,121725],{"className":33,"code":121724,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121726,121727,121731],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121728,121729],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121730,1495],{"class":1494},[40,121732,121733,121735,121737,121739,121741,121743],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,121734,3076],{"class":50},[40,121736,3079],{"class":1848},[40,121738,3082],{"class":212},[40,121740,3231],{"class":216},[40,121742,3087],{"class":212},[40,121744,3090],{"class":50},[792,121746,121748],{"id":121747},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[31,121750,121752],{"className":33,"code":121751,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121753,121754,121774,121788,121792,121802],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121755,121756,121758,121760,121762,121764,121766,121768,121770,121772],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121757,479],{"class":46},[40,121759,51],{"class":50},[40,121761,55],{"class":54},[40,121763,658],{"class":58},[40,121765,62],{"class":54},[40,121767,663],{"class":58},[40,121769,62],{"class":54},[40,121771,749],{"class":58},[40,121773,73],{"class":54},[40,121775,121776,121778,121780,121782,121784,121786],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,121777,34450],{"class":46},[40,121779,51],{"class":50},[40,121781,48656],{"class":609},[40,121783,88],{"class":54},[40,121785,497],{"class":91},[40,121787,95],{"class":54},[40,121789,121790],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,121791,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,121793,121794,121796,121798,121800],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,121795,101],{"class":84},[40,121797,88],{"class":54},[40,121799,34471],{"class":91},[40,121801,95],{"class":54},[40,121803,121804,121806,121808,121810,121812,121814],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,121805,101],{"class":84},[40,121807,88],{"class":54},[40,121809,1297],{"class":609},[40,121811,88],{"class":54},[40,121813,34471],{"class":91},[40,121815,256],{"class":54},[20,121817,121818],{},[183,121819,111],{},[31,121821,121823],{"className":33,"code":121822,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121824,121825,121841],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121826,121827,121829,121831,121833,121835,121837,121839],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121828,565],{"class":54},[40,121830,658],{"class":58},[40,121832,62],{"class":54},[40,121834,663],{"class":58},[40,121836,62],{"class":54},[40,121838,749],{"class":58},[40,121840,73],{"class":54},[40,121842,121843,121845,121847,121849,121851,121853],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,121844,3076],{"class":50},[40,121846,3079],{"class":1848},[40,121848,3082],{"class":212},[40,121850,3231],{"class":216},[40,121852,3087],{"class":212},[40,121854,3090],{"class":50},[20,121856,121857,121858,121860],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[183,121859,185],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[129,121862,1345,121864],{"id":121863},"when-to-use-str",[15,121865,47435],{},[20,121867,123,121868,121870],{},[15,121869,47435],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121872,36182],{},[134,121874,121875,121878,121881,121884],{},[137,121876,121877],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[137,121879,121880],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[137,121882,121883],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[137,121885,121886],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121888,195],{},[31,121890,121892],{"className":33,"code":121891,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121893,121894,121906,121914,121918,121953],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121895,121896,121898,121900,121902,121904],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121897,7651],{"class":46},[40,121899,51],{"class":50},[40,121901,224],{"class":212},[40,121903,11279],{"class":216},[40,121905,3146],{"class":212},[40,121907,121908,121910,121912],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,121909,21389],{"class":46},[40,121911,51],{"class":50},[40,121913,44978],{"class":58},[40,121915,121916],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,121917,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,121919,121920,121922,121924,121926,121928,121930,121932,121934,121936,121938,121940,121942,121944,121946,121948,121951],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,121921,89606],{"class":46},[40,121923,51],{"class":50},[40,121925,35731],{"class":46},[40,121927,1843],{"class":50},[40,121929,224],{"class":212},[40,121931,1156],{"class":216},[40,121933,213],{"class":212},[40,121935,2237],{"class":50},[40,121937,48656],{"class":609},[40,121939,88],{"class":54},[40,121941,9069],{"class":91},[40,121943,18],{"class":54},[40,121945,2237],{"class":50},[40,121947,224],{"class":212},[40,121949,121950],{"class":216}," years old.",[40,121952,3146],{"class":212},[40,121954,121955,121957,121959,121961],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,121956,101],{"class":84},[40,121958,88],{"class":54},[40,121960,89623],{"class":91},[40,121962,95],{"class":54},[20,121964,121965],{},[183,121966,111],{},[31,121968,121970],{"className":33,"code":121969,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,121971,121972],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,121973,121974,121977,121979,121981,121984],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,121975,121976],{"class":46},"Maya ",[40,121978,11963],{"class":50},[40,121980,9076],{"class":58},[40,121982,121983],{"class":46}," years old",[40,121985,121986],{"class":54},".\n",[20,121988,121989,121990,289],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[282,121991,89292],{"href":89291},[129,121993,121995,10355,121997],{"id":121994},"str-vs-print",[15,121996,47435],{},[15,121998,46205],{},[20,122000,122001],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[134,122003,122004,122009],{},[137,122005,122006,122008],{},[15,122007,47435],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[137,122010,122011,122013],{},[15,122012,46205],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122015,195],{},[31,122017,122019],{"className":33,"code":122018,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122020,122021,122029,122033,122047,122057,122071],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122022,122023,122025,122027],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122024,2230],{"class":46},[40,122026,51],{"class":50},[40,122028,2551],{"class":58},[40,122030,122031],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,122032,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,122034,122035,122037,122039,122041,122043,122045],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,122036,34450],{"class":46},[40,122038,51],{"class":50},[40,122040,48656],{"class":609},[40,122042,88],{"class":54},[40,122044,2255],{"class":91},[40,122046,95],{"class":54},[40,122048,122049,122051,122053,122055],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,122050,101],{"class":84},[40,122052,88],{"class":54},[40,122054,34471],{"class":91},[40,122056,95],{"class":54},[40,122058,122059,122061,122063,122065,122067,122069],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,122060,101],{"class":84},[40,122062,88],{"class":54},[40,122064,1297],{"class":609},[40,122066,88],{"class":54},[40,122068,34471],{"class":91},[40,122070,256],{"class":54},[40,122072,122073,122075,122077,122079,122081,122083],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,122074,101],{"class":84},[40,122076,88],{"class":54},[40,122078,1297],{"class":609},[40,122080,88],{"class":54},[40,122082,2255],{"class":91},[40,122084,256],{"class":54},[20,122086,122087],{},[183,122088,111],{},[31,122090,122092],{"className":33,"code":122091,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122093,122094,122098,122112],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122095,122096],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122097,46365],{"class":58},[40,122099,122100,122102,122104,122106,122108,122110],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,122101,3076],{"class":50},[40,122103,3079],{"class":1848},[40,122105,3082],{"class":212},[40,122107,3231],{"class":216},[40,122109,3087],{"class":212},[40,122111,3090],{"class":50},[40,122113,122114,122116,122118,122120,122122,122124],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,122115,3076],{"class":50},[40,122117,3079],{"class":1848},[40,122119,3082],{"class":212},[40,122121,1972],{"class":216},[40,122123,3087],{"class":212},[40,122125,3090],{"class":50},[20,122127,122128],{},"Notice:",[134,122130,122131,122137,122142],{},[137,122132,122133,122136],{},[15,122134,122135],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[137,122138,122139,122141],{},[15,122140,46205],{}," only displayed values",[137,122143,122144,122146,122147,122149,122150,61040,122152],{},[15,122145,46205],{}," did not change ",[15,122148,2255],{}," from ",[15,122151,1972],{},[15,122153,3231],{},[20,122155,122156,122157,289],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[282,122158,122159,2087],{"href":46202},[15,122160,46205],{},[129,122162,122164,10355,122166,122169],{"id":122163},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122165,47435],{},[15,122167,122168],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122171,122172],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[134,122174,122175,122180],{},[137,122176,122177,122179],{},[15,122178,47435],{}," is the more readable text version",[137,122181,122182,122184],{},[15,122183,122168],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122186,122187,122188,122190],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122189,47435],{}," much more often.",[20,122192,122193,122194,122196],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122195,47435],{}," is usually the right choice.",[129,122198,790],{"id":789},[792,122200,25535,122202,122204],{"id":122201},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122203,47435],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122206,122207,122209],{},[15,122208,47435],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[31,122211,122213],{"className":33,"code":122212,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122214,122215,122223,122237,122241,122251,122265,122275],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122216,122217,122219,122221],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122218,21389],{"class":46},[40,122220,51],{"class":50},[40,122222,44978],{"class":58},[40,122224,122225,122227,122229,122231,122233,122235],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,122226,34450],{"class":46},[40,122228,51],{"class":50},[40,122230,48656],{"class":609},[40,122232,88],{"class":54},[40,122234,9069],{"class":91},[40,122236,95],{"class":54},[40,122238,122239],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,122240,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,122242,122243,122245,122247,122249],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,122244,101],{"class":84},[40,122246,88],{"class":54},[40,122248,9069],{"class":91},[40,122250,95],{"class":54},[40,122252,122253,122255,122257,122259,122261,122263],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,122254,101],{"class":84},[40,122256,88],{"class":54},[40,122258,1297],{"class":609},[40,122260,88],{"class":54},[40,122262,9069],{"class":91},[40,122264,256],{"class":54},[40,122266,122267,122269,122271,122273],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,122268,101],{"class":84},[40,122270,88],{"class":54},[40,122272,34471],{"class":91},[40,122274,95],{"class":54},[40,122276,122277,122279,122281,122283,122285,122287],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,122278,101],{"class":84},[40,122280,88],{"class":54},[40,122282,1297],{"class":609},[40,122284,88],{"class":54},[40,122286,34471],{"class":91},[40,122288,256],{"class":54},[20,122290,122291],{},[183,122292,111],{},[31,122294,122296],{"className":33,"code":122295,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122297,122298,122302,122316,122320],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122299,122300],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122301,2491],{"class":58},[40,122303,122304,122306,122308,122310,122312,122314],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,122305,3076],{"class":50},[40,122307,3079],{"class":1848},[40,122309,3082],{"class":212},[40,122311,1972],{"class":216},[40,122313,3087],{"class":212},[40,122315,3090],{"class":50},[40,122317,122318],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,122319,2491],{"class":58},[40,122321,122322,122324,122326,122328,122330,122332],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,122323,3076],{"class":50},[40,122325,3079],{"class":1848},[40,122327,3082],{"class":212},[40,122329,3231],{"class":216},[40,122331,3087],{"class":212},[40,122333,3090],{"class":50},[792,122335,122337],{"id":122336},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122339,6466],{},[31,122341,122343],{"className":33,"code":122342,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122344,122345,122353],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122346,122347,122349,122351],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122348,21389],{"class":46},[40,122350,51],{"class":50},[40,122352,44978],{"class":58},[40,122354,122355,122357,122359,122361,122363,122365],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,122356,34450],{"class":46},[40,122358,51],{"class":50},[40,122360,48656],{"class":609},[40,122362,88],{"class":54},[40,122364,9069],{"class":91},[40,122366,95],{"class":54},[20,122368,122369],{},"But if you only do this:",[31,122371,122373],{"className":33,"code":122372,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122374,122375,122383],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122376,122377,122379,122381],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122378,21389],{"class":46},[40,122380,51],{"class":50},[40,122382,44978],{"class":58},[40,122384,122385,122387,122389,122391],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,122386,3231],{"class":609},[40,122388,88],{"class":54},[40,122390,9069],{"class":91},[40,122392,95],{"class":54},[20,122394,122395],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[792,122397,795,122399,122401],{"id":122398},"using-str-too-early",[15,122400,47435],{}," too early",[20,122403,122404],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[31,122406,122408],{"className":33,"code":122407,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122409,122410,122418,122433,122437],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122411,122412,122414,122416],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122413,40142],{"class":46},[40,122415,51],{"class":50},[40,122417,2369],{"class":58},[40,122419,122420,122423,122425,122427,122429,122431],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,122421,122422],{"class":46},"text_price ",[40,122424,51],{"class":50},[40,122426,48656],{"class":609},[40,122428,88],{"class":54},[40,122430,24912],{"class":91},[40,122432,95],{"class":54},[40,122434,122435],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,122436,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,122438,122439],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,122440,122441],{"class":3449},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122443,122444,122445,2662,122449,122453],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[282,122446,122447],{"href":2658},[15,122448,2661],{},[282,122450,122451],{"href":2665},[15,122452,2668],{},", depending on the situation.",[792,122455,8223,122457,122460],{"id":122456},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122458,122459],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122462,64383],{},[31,122464,122466],{"className":33,"code":122465,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122467,122468,122500],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122469,122470,122472,122474,122476,122478,122480,122482,122484,122486,122488,122490,122492,122494,122496,122498],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122471,479],{"class":46},[40,122473,51],{"class":50},[40,122475,55],{"class":54},[40,122477,213],{"class":212},[40,122479,3862],{"class":216},[40,122481,213],{"class":212},[40,122483,62],{"class":54},[40,122485,224],{"class":212},[40,122487,3871],{"class":216},[40,122489,213],{"class":212},[40,122491,62],{"class":54},[40,122493,224],{"class":212},[40,122495,32982],{"class":216},[40,122497,213],{"class":212},[40,122499,73],{"class":54},[40,122501,122502,122504,122506,122508,122510,122512],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,122503,101],{"class":84},[40,122505,88],{"class":54},[40,122507,3231],{"class":609},[40,122509,88],{"class":54},[40,122511,497],{"class":91},[40,122513,256],{"class":54},[20,122515,122516],{},"prints:",[31,122518,122519],{"className":33,"code":72435,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,122520,122521],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122522,122523,122525,122527,122529,122531,122533,122535,122537,122539,122541,122543,122545,122547],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122524,565],{"class":54},[40,122526,3087],{"class":212},[40,122528,3862],{"class":216},[40,122530,3087],{"class":212},[40,122532,62],{"class":54},[40,122534,3082],{"class":212},[40,122536,3871],{"class":216},[40,122538,3087],{"class":212},[40,122540,62],{"class":54},[40,122542,3082],{"class":212},[40,122544,32982],{"class":216},[40,122546,3087],{"class":212},[40,122548,73],{"class":54},[20,122550,122551],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[129,122553,17184],{"id":17183},[20,122555,122556,21736,122558,289],{},[15,122557,47435],{},[183,122559,122560],{},"new string",[20,122562,11228],{},[134,122564,122565,122568,122571],{},[137,122566,122567],{},"It always returns a string",[137,122569,122570],{},"It does not modify the original object",[137,122572,7541,122573,122577],{},[282,122574,122575],{"href":2083},[15,122576,2086],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122579,195],{},[31,122581,122583],{"className":33,"code":122582,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122584,122585,122593,122608,122612,122623],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122586,122587,122589,122591],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122588,2230],{"class":46},[40,122590,51],{"class":50},[40,122592,13898],{"class":58},[40,122594,122595,122598,122600,122602,122604,122606],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,122596,122597],{"class":46},"converted ",[40,122599,51],{"class":50},[40,122601,48656],{"class":609},[40,122603,88],{"class":54},[40,122605,2255],{"class":91},[40,122607,95],{"class":54},[40,122609,122610],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,122611,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,122613,122614,122616,122618,122621],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,122615,101],{"class":84},[40,122617,88],{"class":54},[40,122619,122620],{"class":91},"converted",[40,122622,95],{"class":54},[40,122624,122625,122627,122629,122631,122633,122635],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,122626,101],{"class":84},[40,122628,88],{"class":54},[40,122630,1297],{"class":609},[40,122632,88],{"class":54},[40,122634,122620],{"class":91},[40,122636,256],{"class":54},[20,122638,122639],{},[183,122640,111],{},[31,122642,122644],{"className":33,"code":122643,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122645,122646,122651],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122647,122648],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122649,122650],{"class":58},"99\n",[40,122652,122653,122655,122657,122659,122661,122663],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,122654,3076],{"class":50},[40,122656,3079],{"class":1848},[40,122658,3082],{"class":212},[40,122660,3231],{"class":216},[40,122662,3087],{"class":212},[40,122664,3090],{"class":50},[129,122666,113326],{"id":113325},[20,122668,122669,122670,74414],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122671,47435],{},[134,122673,122674,122677,122680,122685],{},[137,122675,122676],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[137,122678,122679],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[137,122681,795,122682,122684],{},[15,122683,47435],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[137,122686,122687],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122689,122690,122691,289],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[282,122692,25442,122693],{"href":90004},[15,122694,90005],{},[129,122696,122698],{"id":122697},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122700,122701],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[31,122703,122705],{"className":33,"code":122704,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122706,122707,122715,122719,122729,122743,122747,122761,122771],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122708,122709,122711,122713],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122710,2230],{"class":46},[40,122712,51],{"class":50},[40,122714,44978],{"class":58},[40,122716,122717],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,122718,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,122720,122721,122723,122725,122727],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,122722,101],{"class":84},[40,122724,88],{"class":54},[40,122726,2255],{"class":91},[40,122728,95],{"class":54},[40,122730,122731,122733,122735,122737,122739,122741],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,122732,101],{"class":84},[40,122734,88],{"class":54},[40,122736,1297],{"class":609},[40,122738,88],{"class":54},[40,122740,2255],{"class":91},[40,122742,256],{"class":54},[40,122744,122745],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,122746,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,122748,122749,122751,122753,122755,122757,122759],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,122750,122597],{"class":46},[40,122752,51],{"class":50},[40,122754,48656],{"class":609},[40,122756,88],{"class":54},[40,122758,2255],{"class":91},[40,122760,95],{"class":54},[40,122762,122763,122765,122767,122769],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,122764,101],{"class":84},[40,122766,88],{"class":54},[40,122768,122620],{"class":91},[40,122770,95],{"class":54},[40,122772,122773,122775,122777,122779,122781,122783],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,122774,101],{"class":84},[40,122776,88],{"class":54},[40,122778,1297],{"class":609},[40,122780,88],{"class":54},[40,122782,122620],{"class":91},[40,122784,256],{"class":54},[20,122786,122787,122788,1973,122790,122792,122793,289],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122789,1972],{},[15,122791,1976],{},", or another type into ",[15,122794,3231],{},[129,122796,1636],{"id":1635},[792,122798,1650,122800,4923],{"id":122799},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122801,47435],{},[20,122803,122804],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[792,122806,12474,122808,122810],{"id":122807},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122809,47435],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122812,122813],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[792,122815,4947,122817,122819],{"id":122816},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122818,47435],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122821,122822],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[792,122824,94190,122826,122828],{"id":122825},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122827,47435],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122830,122831],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[792,122833,14671,122835,56948,122837,2275],{"id":122834},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122836,47435],{},[15,122838,46205],{},[20,122840,46118,122841,122843,122844,122846],{},[15,122842,47435],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122845,46205],{}," shows output.",[129,122848,1687],{"id":1686},[134,122850,122851,122857,122863,122869,122875,122884,122888],{},[137,122852,122853],{},[282,122854,122855,288],{"href":46202},[15,122856,46205],{},[137,122858,122859],{},[282,122860,122861,288],{"href":2083},[15,122862,2086],{},[137,122864,122865],{},[282,122866,122867,288],{"href":2658},[15,122868,2661],{},[137,122870,122871],{},[282,122872,122873,288],{"href":2665},[15,122874,2668],{},[137,122876,122877],{},[282,122878,122880,122881,122883],{"href":122879},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122882,1972],{}," to string in Python",[137,122885,122886],{},[282,122887,90282],{"href":89291},[137,122889,122890],{},[282,122891,30107,122892],{"href":90004},[15,122893,90005],{},[1715,122895,122896],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":122898},[122899,122900,122902,122903,122909,122911,122913,122915,122924,122925,122926,122927,122939],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":121317,"depth":76,"text":122901},"What str() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":121484,"depth":76,"text":121485,"children":122904},[122905,122906,122907,122908],{"id":121488,"depth":98,"text":121489},{"id":121574,"depth":98,"text":121575},{"id":121661,"depth":98,"text":121662},{"id":121747,"depth":98,"text":121748},{"id":121863,"depth":76,"text":122910},"When to use str()",{"id":121994,"depth":76,"text":122912},"str() vs print()",{"id":122163,"depth":76,"text":122914},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":122916},[122917,122919,122920,122922],{"id":122201,"depth":98,"text":122918},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122336,"depth":98,"text":122337},{"id":122398,"depth":98,"text":122921},"Using str() too early",{"id":122456,"depth":98,"text":122923},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17183,"depth":76,"text":17184},{"id":113325,"depth":76,"text":113326},{"id":122697,"depth":76,"text":122698},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":122928},[122929,122931,122933,122935,122937],{"id":122799,"depth":98,"text":122930},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122807,"depth":98,"text":122932},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122816,"depth":98,"text":122934},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122825,"depth":98,"text":122936},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122834,"depth":98,"text":122938},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41929,"description":122940},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122947,"title":122948,"body":122949,"description":124402,"extension":1746,"meta":124403,"navigation":360,"path":124404,"seo":124405,"stem":124406,"__hash__":124407},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122950,"toc":124364},[122951,122957,122963,122966,122988,122990,123052,123054,123067,123073,123078,123083,123085,123098,123109,123111,123138,123140,123157,123164,123175,123177,123182,123184,123196,123204,123213,123215,123218,123271,123273,123281,123289,123293,123298,123338,123340,123348,123351,123353,123393,123395,123403,123413,123419,123422,123495,123497,123510,123514,123519,123547,123550,123585,123587,123595,123598,123602,123606,123608,123624,123626,123666,123668,123676,123685,123728,123730,123738,123740,123744,123750,123753,123793,123795,123803,123808,123811,123854,123858,123861,123896,123901,123903,123942,123952,123960,123970,123978,123982,123987,123989,124030,124032,124040,124045,124048,124051,124069,124075,124079,124084,124087,124127,124129,124134,124233,124236,124252,124254,124273,124275,124282,124285,124291,124294,124300,124304,124310,124313,124319,124322,124324,124361],[10,122952,122954,122955,11091],{"id":122953},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,122956,57033],{},[20,122958,122959,122960,122962],{},"The Python string ",[15,122961,57033],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,122964,122965],{},"This reference page explains:",[134,122967,122968,122972,122975,122977,122985],{},[137,122969,25780,122970,3466],{},[15,122971,57033],{},[137,122973,122974],{},"its syntax",[137,122976,35158],{},[137,122978,122979,122980,4176,122982,122984],{},"how ",[15,122981,35831],{},[15,122983,52406],{}," work",[137,122986,122987],{},"common beginner mistakes",[129,122989,1787],{"id":1786},[31,122991,122993],{"className":33,"code":122992,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,122994,122995,123007,123029],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,122996,122997,122999,123001,123003,123005],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,122998,34450],{"class":46},[40,123000,51],{"class":50},[40,123002,224],{"class":212},[40,123004,3871],{"class":216},[40,123006,3146],{"class":212},[40,123008,123009,123011,123013,123015,123017,123019,123021,123023,123025,123027],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,123010,101],{"class":84},[40,123012,88],{"class":54},[40,123014,34471],{"class":91},[40,123016,289],{"class":54},[40,123018,106],{"class":91},[40,123020,88],{"class":54},[40,123022,213],{"class":212},[40,123024,282],{"class":216},[40,123026,213],{"class":212},[40,123028,256],{"class":54},[40,123030,123031,123033,123035,123037,123039,123041,123043,123045,123048,123050],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,123032,101],{"class":84},[40,123034,88],{"class":54},[40,123036,34471],{"class":91},[40,123038,289],{"class":54},[40,123040,106],{"class":91},[40,123042,88],{"class":54},[40,123044,213],{"class":212},[40,123046,123047],{"class":216},"na",[40,123049,213],{"class":212},[40,123051,256],{"class":54},[20,123053,111],{},[31,123055,123057],{"className":33,"code":123056,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"3\n2\n",[15,123058,123059,123063],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123060,123061],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123062,114],{"class":58},[40,123064,123065],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,123066,1489],{"class":58},[20,123068,123,123069,123072],{},[15,123070,123071],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[129,123074,12765,123076,12768],{"id":123075},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123077,57033],{},[20,123079,123080,123082],{},[15,123081,57033],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123084,12821],{},[134,123086,123087,123090,123093,123095],{},[137,123088,123089],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[137,123091,123092],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[137,123094,43410],{},[137,123096,123097],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123099,123100,123101,123103,123104,1973,123106,123108],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123102,1076],{}," characters are in ",[15,123105,65012],{},[15,123107,57033],{}," is a simple choice.",[129,123110,1940],{"id":1939},[31,123112,123114],{"className":33,"code":123113,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123115,123116],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123117,123118,123120,123122,123124,123126,123128,123130,123132,123134,123136],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123119,60913],{"class":46},[40,123121,289],{"class":54},[40,123123,106],{"class":91},[40,123125,88],{"class":54},[40,123127,2255],{"class":91},[40,123129,62],{"class":54},[40,123131,35810],{"class":91},[40,123133,62],{"class":54},[40,123135,64780],{"class":91},[40,123137,95],{"class":54},[792,123139,17160],{"id":17159},[134,123141,123142,123147,123152],{},[137,123143,123144,123146],{},[15,123145,2255],{},": the text to search for",[137,123148,123149,123151],{},[15,123150,35831],{},": optional; where counting begins",[137,123153,123154,123156],{},[15,123155,52406],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123158,123159,4176,123161,123163],{},[15,123160,35831],{},[15,123162,52406],{}," work like slice positions:",[134,123165,123166,123171],{},[137,123167,123168,123170],{},[15,123169,35831],{}," is included",[137,123172,123173,75340],{},[15,123174,52406],{},[129,123176,17184],{"id":17183},[20,123178,123179,123181],{},[15,123180,57033],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123183,1908],{},[134,123185,123186,123191],{},[137,123187,123188,123189],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123190,401],{},[137,123192,123193,123194],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123195,192],{},[20,123197,181,123198,4938,123200,2662,123202,289],{},[183,123199,185],{},[15,123201,3391],{},[15,123203,3460],{},[20,123205,123206,123207,123212],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[282,123208,123210,101200],{"href":123209},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123211,1554],{}," is often a better fit.",[129,123214,11245],{"id":11244},[20,123216,123217],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[31,123219,123221],{"className":33,"code":123220,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123222,123223,123235,123257,123261],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123224,123225,123227,123229,123231,123233],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123226,34450],{"class":46},[40,123228,51],{"class":50},[40,123230,224],{"class":212},[40,123232,3862],{"class":216},[40,123234,3146],{"class":212},[40,123236,123237,123239,123241,123243,123245,123247,123249,123251,123253,123255],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,123238,2013],{"class":46},[40,123240,51],{"class":50},[40,123242,42593],{"class":46},[40,123244,289],{"class":54},[40,123246,106],{"class":91},[40,123248,88],{"class":54},[40,123250,213],{"class":212},[40,123252,20],{"class":216},[40,123254,213],{"class":212},[40,123256,95],{"class":54},[40,123258,123259],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,123260,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,123262,123263,123265,123267,123269],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,123264,101],{"class":84},[40,123266,88],{"class":54},[40,123268,2048],{"class":91},[40,123270,95],{"class":54},[20,123272,111],{},[31,123274,123275],{"className":33,"code":1489,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,123276,123277],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123278,123279],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123280,1489],{"class":58},[20,123282,63559,123283,123286,123287,289],{},[15,123284,123285],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123288,57576],{},[129,123290,123292],{"id":123291},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123294,123295,123297],{},[15,123296,57033],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[31,123299,123301],{"className":33,"code":123300,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123302,123303,123316],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123304,123305,123307,123309,123311,123314],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123306,34450],{"class":46},[40,123308,51],{"class":50},[40,123310,224],{"class":212},[40,123312,123313],{"class":216},"cat dog cat bird cat",[40,123315,3146],{"class":212},[40,123317,123318,123320,123322,123324,123326,123328,123330,123332,123334,123336],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,123319,101],{"class":84},[40,123321,88],{"class":54},[40,123323,34471],{"class":91},[40,123325,289],{"class":54},[40,123327,106],{"class":91},[40,123329,88],{"class":54},[40,123331,213],{"class":212},[40,123333,217],{"class":216},[40,123335,213],{"class":212},[40,123337,256],{"class":54},[20,123339,111],{},[31,123341,123342],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,123343,123344],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123345,123346],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123347,114],{"class":58},[20,123349,123350],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123352,195],{},[31,123354,123356],{"className":33,"code":123355,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123357,123358,123371],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123359,123360,123362,123364,123366,123369],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123361,34450],{"class":46},[40,123363,51],{"class":50},[40,123365,224],{"class":212},[40,123367,123368],{"class":216},"one One one",[40,123370,3146],{"class":212},[40,123372,123373,123375,123377,123379,123381,123383,123385,123387,123389,123391],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,123374,101],{"class":84},[40,123376,88],{"class":54},[40,123378,34471],{"class":91},[40,123380,289],{"class":54},[40,123382,106],{"class":91},[40,123384,88],{"class":54},[40,123386,213],{"class":212},[40,123388,6363],{"class":216},[40,123390,213],{"class":212},[40,123392,256],{"class":54},[20,123394,111],{},[31,123396,123397],{"className":33,"code":1489,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,123398,123399],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123400,123401],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123402,1489],{"class":58},[20,123404,123405,123406,123409,123410,123412],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123407,123408],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123411,57033],{}," is case-sensitive.",[129,123414,795,123415,4176,123417],{"id":65144},[15,123416,35831],{},[15,123418,52406],{},[20,123420,123421],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[31,123423,123425],{"className":33,"code":123424,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123426,123427,123439,123465],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123428,123429,123431,123433,123435,123437],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123430,34450],{"class":46},[40,123432,51],{"class":50},[40,123434,224],{"class":212},[40,123436,3871],{"class":216},[40,123438,3146],{"class":212},[40,123440,123441,123443,123445,123447,123449,123451,123453,123455,123457,123459,123461,123463],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,123442,101],{"class":84},[40,123444,88],{"class":54},[40,123446,34471],{"class":91},[40,123448,289],{"class":54},[40,123450,106],{"class":91},[40,123452,88],{"class":54},[40,123454,213],{"class":212},[40,123456,282],{"class":216},[40,123458,213],{"class":212},[40,123460,62],{"class":54},[40,123462,663],{"class":58},[40,123464,256],{"class":54},[40,123466,123467,123469,123471,123473,123475,123477,123479,123481,123483,123485,123487,123489,123491,123493],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,123468,101],{"class":84},[40,123470,88],{"class":54},[40,123472,34471],{"class":91},[40,123474,289],{"class":54},[40,123476,106],{"class":91},[40,123478,88],{"class":54},[40,123480,213],{"class":212},[40,123482,282],{"class":216},[40,123484,213],{"class":212},[40,123486,62],{"class":54},[40,123488,663],{"class":58},[40,123490,62],{"class":54},[40,123492,4387],{"class":58},[40,123494,256],{"class":54},[20,123496,111],{},[31,123498,123500],{"className":33,"code":123499,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"2\n1\n",[15,123501,123502,123506],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123503,123504],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123505,1489],{"class":58},[40,123507,123508],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,123509,46669],{"class":58},[792,123511,123513],{"id":123512},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123515,123516,123517,2669],{},"In ",[15,123518,65012],{},[134,123520,123521,123529,123537],{},[137,123522,70564,123523,123525,123526],{},[15,123524,744],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123527,123528],{},"\"n\"",[137,123530,123531,123534,123535,75638],{},[15,123532,123533],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123536,744],{},[137,123538,123539,123534,123542,123544,123545],{},[15,123540,123541],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123543,744],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123546,682],{},[20,123548,123549],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[31,123551,123553],{"className":33,"code":123552,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123554,123555,123567],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123556,123557,123559,123561,123563,123565],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123558,34450],{"class":46},[40,123560,51],{"class":50},[40,123562,224],{"class":212},[40,123564,3871],{"class":216},[40,123566,3146],{"class":212},[40,123568,123569,123571,123573,123575,123577,123579,123581,123583],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,123570,101],{"class":84},[40,123572,88],{"class":54},[40,123574,34471],{"class":91},[40,123576,565],{"class":54},[40,123578,744],{"class":58},[40,123580,2669],{"class":54},[40,123582,682],{"class":58},[40,123584,570],{"class":54},[20,123586,111],{},[31,123588,123589],{"className":33,"code":41221,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,123590,123591],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123592,123593],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123594,41221],{"class":46},[20,123596,123597],{},"Only that section is searched.",[129,123599,123601],{"id":123600},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123603,123604,123412],{},[15,123605,57033],{},[20,123607,1890],{},[134,123609,123610,123618],{},[137,123611,123612,4176,123614,123617],{},[15,123613,1076],{},[15,123615,123616],{},"\"A\""," are different",[137,123619,123620,4176,123622,123617],{},[15,123621,64274],{},[15,123623,90017],{},[20,123625,195],{},[31,123627,123629],{"className":33,"code":123628,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123630,123631,123644],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123632,123633,123635,123637,123639,123642],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123634,34450],{"class":46},[40,123636,51],{"class":50},[40,123638,224],{"class":212},[40,123640,123641],{"class":216},"Apple apple APPLE",[40,123643,3146],{"class":212},[40,123645,123646,123648,123650,123652,123654,123656,123658,123660,123662,123664],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,123647,101],{"class":84},[40,123649,88],{"class":54},[40,123651,34471],{"class":91},[40,123653,289],{"class":54},[40,123655,106],{"class":91},[40,123657,88],{"class":54},[40,123659,213],{"class":212},[40,123661,3862],{"class":216},[40,123663,213],{"class":212},[40,123665,256],{"class":54},[20,123667,111],{},[31,123669,123670],{"className":33,"code":46669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,123671,123672],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123673,123674],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123675,46669],{"class":58},[20,123677,123678,123679,2669],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[282,123680,123682],{"href":123681},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123683,123684],{},"lower()",[31,123686,123688],{"className":33,"code":123687,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123689,123690,123702],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123691,123692,123694,123696,123698,123700],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123693,34450],{"class":46},[40,123695,51],{"class":50},[40,123697,224],{"class":212},[40,123699,123641],{"class":216},[40,123701,3146],{"class":212},[40,123703,123704,123706,123708,123710,123712,123714,123716,123718,123720,123722,123724,123726],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,123705,101],{"class":84},[40,123707,88],{"class":54},[40,123709,34471],{"class":91},[40,123711,289],{"class":54},[40,123713,8410],{"class":91},[40,123715,8407],{"class":54},[40,123717,106],{"class":91},[40,123719,88],{"class":54},[40,123721,213],{"class":212},[40,123723,3862],{"class":216},[40,123725,213],{"class":212},[40,123727,256],{"class":54},[20,123729,111],{},[31,123731,123732],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,123733,123734],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123735,123736],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123737,114],{"class":58},[129,123739,2613],{"id":2612},[20,123741,22856,123742,289],{},[15,123743,57033],{},[792,123745,8223,123747,123749],{"id":123746},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123748,57033],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123751,123752],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[31,123754,123756],{"className":33,"code":123755,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123757,123758,123771],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123759,123760,123762,123764,123766,123769],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123761,34450],{"class":46},[40,123763,51],{"class":50},[40,123765,224],{"class":212},[40,123767,123768],{"class":216},"Aardvark",[40,123770,3146],{"class":212},[40,123772,123773,123775,123777,123779,123781,123783,123785,123787,123789,123791],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,123774,101],{"class":84},[40,123776,88],{"class":54},[40,123778,34471],{"class":91},[40,123780,289],{"class":54},[40,123782,106],{"class":91},[40,123784,88],{"class":54},[40,123786,213],{"class":212},[40,123788,282],{"class":216},[40,123790,213],{"class":212},[40,123792,256],{"class":54},[20,123794,111],{},[31,123796,123797],{"className":33,"code":1489,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,123798,123799],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123800,123801],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123802,1489],{"class":58},[20,123804,123405,123805,123807],{},[15,123806,123616],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123809,123810],{},"If needed, convert first:",[31,123812,123814],{"className":33,"code":123813,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123815,123816,123828],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123817,123818,123820,123822,123824,123826],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123819,34450],{"class":46},[40,123821,51],{"class":50},[40,123823,224],{"class":212},[40,123825,123768],{"class":216},[40,123827,3146],{"class":212},[40,123829,123830,123832,123834,123836,123838,123840,123842,123844,123846,123848,123850,123852],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,123831,101],{"class":84},[40,123833,88],{"class":54},[40,123835,34471],{"class":91},[40,123837,289],{"class":54},[40,123839,8410],{"class":91},[40,123841,8407],{"class":54},[40,123843,106],{"class":91},[40,123845,88],{"class":54},[40,123847,213],{"class":212},[40,123849,282],{"class":216},[40,123851,213],{"class":212},[40,123853,256],{"class":54},[792,123855,123857],{"id":123856},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123859,123860],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[31,123862,123864],{"className":33,"code":123863,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123865,123866,123878],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123867,123868,123870,123872,123874,123876],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123869,34450],{"class":46},[40,123871,51],{"class":50},[40,123873,224],{"class":212},[40,123875,3871],{"class":216},[40,123877,3146],{"class":212},[40,123879,123880,123882,123884,123886,123888,123890,123892,123894],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,123881,101],{"class":84},[40,123883,88],{"class":54},[40,123885,34471],{"class":91},[40,123887,289],{"class":54},[40,123889,106],{"class":91},[40,123891,88],{"class":54},[40,123893,282],{"class":91},[40,123895,256],{"class":54},[20,123897,123898,123899,289],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123900,282],{},[20,123902,10577],{},[31,123904,123906],{"className":33,"code":123905,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123907,123908,123920],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123909,123910,123912,123914,123916,123918],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123911,34450],{"class":46},[40,123913,51],{"class":50},[40,123915,224],{"class":212},[40,123917,3871],{"class":216},[40,123919,3146],{"class":212},[40,123921,123922,123924,123926,123928,123930,123932,123934,123936,123938,123940],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,123923,101],{"class":84},[40,123925,88],{"class":54},[40,123927,34471],{"class":91},[40,123929,289],{"class":54},[40,123931,106],{"class":91},[40,123933,88],{"class":54},[40,123935,213],{"class":212},[40,123937,282],{"class":216},[40,123939,213],{"class":212},[40,123941,256],{"class":54},[792,123943,36960,123945,8475,123947,2662,123950],{"id":123944},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123946,57033],{},[15,123948,123949],{},"find()",[15,123951,58710],{},[20,123953,123,123954,123956,123957,289],{},[15,123955,57033],{}," when you need the ",[183,123958,123959],{},"number of matches",[20,123961,123,123962,123956,123967,123969],{},[282,123963,123965],{"href":123964},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,123966,123949],{},[183,123968,64686],{}," of the first match.",[20,123971,123,123972,123977],{},[282,123973,123975],{"href":123974},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,123976,58710],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[792,123979,123981],{"id":123980},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,123983,123984,123986],{},[15,123985,57033],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,123988,195],{},[31,123990,123992],{"className":33,"code":123991,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,123993,123994,124007],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,123995,123996,123998,124000,124002,124005],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,123997,34450],{"class":46},[40,123999,51],{"class":50},[40,124001,224],{"class":212},[40,124003,124004],{"class":216},"aaaa",[40,124006,3146],{"class":212},[40,124008,124009,124011,124013,124015,124017,124019,124021,124023,124026,124028],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,124010,101],{"class":84},[40,124012,88],{"class":54},[40,124014,34471],{"class":91},[40,124016,289],{"class":54},[40,124018,106],{"class":91},[40,124020,88],{"class":54},[40,124022,213],{"class":212},[40,124024,124025],{"class":216},"aa",[40,124027,213],{"class":212},[40,124029,256],{"class":54},[20,124031,111],{},[31,124033,124034],{"className":33,"code":1489,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,124035,124036],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124037,124038],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124039,1489],{"class":58},[20,124041,124042,124043,289],{},"It does not return ",[15,124044,401],{},[20,124046,124047],{},"Why not?",[20,124049,124050],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[134,124052,124053,124062],{},[137,124054,124055,124058,124059],{},[15,124056,124057],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124060,124061],{},"0-1",[137,124063,124064,124058,124066],{},[15,124065,124057],{},[15,124067,124068],{},"2-3",[20,124070,124071,124072,289],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124073,124074],{},"1-2",[129,124076,1345,124077],{"id":58115},[15,124078,57033],{},[20,124080,123,124081,124083],{},[15,124082,57033],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124085,124086],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[134,124088,124089,124098,124108,124118],{},[137,124090,123,124091,124093,124094,124097],{},[15,124092,57033],{}," when you need ",[183,124095,124096],{},"how many times"," something appears",[137,124099,123,124100,124093,124104,124107],{},[282,124101,124102],{"href":123964},[15,124103,123949],{},[183,124105,124106],{},"where"," it appears",[137,124109,47562,124110,124114,124115],{},[282,124111,124112,101200],{"href":123209},[15,124113,1554],{}," when you only need to know ",[183,124116,124117],{},"if it exists",[137,124119,123,124120,124126],{},[282,124121,124123],{"href":124122},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124124,124125],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[129,124128,25703],{"id":25702},[20,124130,8646,124131,124133],{},[15,124132,57033],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[31,124135,124137],{"className":33,"code":124136,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124138,124139,124149,124163,124185,124211],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124140,124141,124143,124145,124147],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124142,101],{"class":84},[40,124144,88],{"class":54},[40,124146,34471],{"class":91},[40,124148,95],{"class":54},[40,124150,124151,124153,124155,124157,124159,124161],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,124152,101],{"class":84},[40,124154,88],{"class":54},[40,124156,1297],{"class":609},[40,124158,88],{"class":54},[40,124160,34471],{"class":91},[40,124162,256],{"class":54},[40,124164,124165,124167,124169,124171,124173,124175,124177,124179,124181,124183],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,124166,101],{"class":84},[40,124168,88],{"class":54},[40,124170,34471],{"class":91},[40,124172,289],{"class":54},[40,124174,106],{"class":91},[40,124176,88],{"class":54},[40,124178,213],{"class":212},[40,124180,282],{"class":216},[40,124182,213],{"class":212},[40,124184,256],{"class":54},[40,124186,124187,124189,124191,124193,124195,124197,124199,124201,124203,124205,124207,124209],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,124188,101],{"class":84},[40,124190,88],{"class":54},[40,124192,34471],{"class":91},[40,124194,289],{"class":54},[40,124196,8410],{"class":91},[40,124198,8407],{"class":54},[40,124200,106],{"class":91},[40,124202,88],{"class":54},[40,124204,213],{"class":212},[40,124206,282],{"class":216},[40,124208,213],{"class":212},[40,124210,256],{"class":54},[40,124212,124213,124215,124217,124219,124221,124223,124225,124227,124229,124231],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,124214,101],{"class":84},[40,124216,88],{"class":54},[40,124218,34471],{"class":91},[40,124220,289],{"class":54},[40,124222,106],{"class":91},[40,124224,88],{"class":54},[40,124226,213],{"class":212},[40,124228,123047],{"class":216},[40,124230,213],{"class":212},[40,124232,256],{"class":54},[20,124234,124235],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[134,124237,124238,124241,124246,124249],{},[137,124239,124240],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[137,124242,124243,124245],{},[15,124244,34471],{}," not being a string",[137,124247,124248],{},"counting the wrong substring",[137,124250,124251],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124253,58604],{},[134,124255,124256,124259,124262,124265],{},[137,124257,124258],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[137,124260,124261],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[137,124263,124264],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[137,124266,50244,124267,44382,124269,2662,124271,72910],{},[15,124268,57033],{},[15,124270,123949],{},[15,124272,1554],{},[129,124274,1636],{"id":1635},[792,124276,124278,124279,124281],{"id":124277},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124280,57033],{}," change the original string?",[20,124283,124284],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[792,124286,14671,124288,124290],{"id":124287},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124289,57033],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124292,124293],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[792,124295,1650,124297,124299],{"id":124296},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124298,57033],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124301,1657,124302,289],{},[15,124303,192],{},[792,124305,4947,124307,124309],{"id":124306},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124308,57033],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124311,124312],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[792,124314,12474,124316,124318],{"id":124315},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124317,57033],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124320,124321],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[129,124323,1687],{"id":1686},[134,124325,124326,124333,124340,124347,124354],{},[137,124327,124328],{},[282,124329,124330],{"href":123964},[15,124331,124332],{},"Python string find() method",[137,124334,124335],{},[282,124336,124337],{"href":123974},[15,124338,124339],{},"Python string index() method",[137,124341,124342],{},[282,124343,124344],{"href":123681},[15,124345,124346],{},"Python string lower() method",[137,124348,124349],{},[282,124350,124351],{"href":123209},[15,124352,124353],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[137,124355,124356],{},[282,124357,124358],{"href":124122},[15,124359,124360],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1715,124362,124363],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":124365},[124366,124367,124369,124372,124373,124374,124375,124378,124379,124387,124388,124389,124401],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":123075,"depth":76,"text":124368},"What the count() method does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940,"children":124370},[124371],{"id":17159,"depth":98,"text":17160},{"id":17183,"depth":76,"text":17184},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":123291,"depth":76,"text":123292},{"id":65144,"depth":76,"text":65926,"children":124376},[124377],{"id":123512,"depth":98,"text":123513},{"id":123600,"depth":76,"text":123601},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":124380},[124381,124383,124384,124386],{"id":123746,"depth":98,"text":124382},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123856,"depth":98,"text":123857},{"id":123944,"depth":98,"text":124385},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123980,"depth":98,"text":123981},{"id":58115,"depth":76,"text":58745},{"id":25702,"depth":76,"text":25703},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":124390},[124391,124393,124395,124397,124399],{"id":124277,"depth":98,"text":124392},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124287,"depth":98,"text":124394},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124296,"depth":98,"text":124396},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124306,"depth":98,"text":124398},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124315,"depth":98,"text":124400},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122948,"description":124402},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124409,"title":124410,"body":124411,"description":125996,"extension":1746,"meta":125997,"navigation":360,"path":125998,"seo":125999,"stem":126000,"__hash__":126001},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124412,"toc":125969},[124413,124416,124419,124516,124525,124527,124546,124550,124553,124556,124569,124572,124601,124606,124611,124669,124671,124704,124710,124714,124717,124720,124749,124752,124779,124782,124785,124789,124792,124799,124862,124864,124882,124885,124889,124892,124895,124937,124940,124984,124987,124990,124994,124999,125002,125045,125047,125070,125073,125106,125109,125158,125168,125172,125175,125178,125207,125210,125221,125223,125282,125285,125289,125292,125295,125310,125319,125322,125356,125359,125386,125389,125396,125398,125401,125403,125406,125420,125429,125431,125458,125462,125465,125479,125482,125541,125545,125548,125575,125578,125605,125613,125616,125676,125678,125711,125715,125718,125737,125742,125791,125796,125798,125801,125860,125878,125880,125884,125892,125896,125899,125903,125909,125913,125923,125927,125930,125932,125966],[10,124414,124410],{"id":124415},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124417,124418],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[31,124420,124422],{"className":33,"code":124421,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124423,124424,124436,124448,124457,124471,124475,124485,124495,124506],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124425,124426,124428,124430,124432,124434],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124427,7651],{"class":46},[40,124429,51],{"class":50},[40,124431,224],{"class":212},[40,124433,4783],{"class":216},[40,124435,3146],{"class":212},[40,124437,124438,124440,124442,124444,124446],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,124439,89606],{"class":46},[40,124441,51],{"class":50},[40,124443,3082],{"class":212},[40,124445,34630],{"class":216},[40,124447,29460],{"class":212},[40,124449,124450,124453,124455],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,124451,124452],{"class":46},"empty ",[40,124454,51],{"class":50},[40,124456,7656],{"class":212},[40,124458,124459,124461,124463,124465,124467,124469],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,124460,34450],{"class":46},[40,124462,51],{"class":50},[40,124464,48656],{"class":609},[40,124466,88],{"class":54},[40,124468,49998],{"class":58},[40,124470,95],{"class":54},[40,124472,124473],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,124474,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,124476,124477,124479,124481,124483],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,124478,101],{"class":84},[40,124480,88],{"class":54},[40,124482,7446],{"class":91},[40,124484,95],{"class":54},[40,124486,124487,124489,124491,124493],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,124488,101],{"class":84},[40,124490,88],{"class":54},[40,124492,89623],{"class":91},[40,124494,95],{"class":54},[40,124496,124497,124499,124501,124504],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,124498,101],{"class":84},[40,124500,88],{"class":54},[40,124502,124503],{"class":91},"empty",[40,124505,95],{"class":54},[40,124507,124508,124510,124512,124514],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,124509,101],{"class":84},[40,124511,88],{"class":54},[40,124513,34471],{"class":91},[40,124515,95],{"class":54},[20,124517,124518,124521,124522,124524],{},[183,124519,124520],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124523,47435],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[129,124526,132],{"id":131},[134,124528,124529,124532,124535,124538,124543],{},[137,124530,124531],{},"What a string is in Python",[137,124533,124534],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[137,124536,124537],{},"How to create an empty string",[137,124539,124540,124541],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124542,47435],{},[137,124544,124545],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[129,124547,124549],{"id":124548},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124551,124552],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124554,124555],{},"Strings can contain:",[134,124557,124558,124561,124563,124566],{},[137,124559,124560],{},"Letters",[137,124562,56204],{},[137,124564,124565],{},"Spaces",[137,124567,124568],{},"Symbols",[20,124570,124571],{},"Examples of strings:",[31,124573,124575],{"className":33,"code":124574,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124576,124577,124585,124593],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124578,124579,124581,124583],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124580,213],{"class":43080},[40,124582,3632],{"class":43084},[40,124584,3146],{"class":43080},[40,124586,124587,124589,124591],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,124588,213],{"class":43080},[40,124590,49998],{"class":43084},[40,124592,3146],{"class":43080},[40,124594,124595,124597,124599],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,124596,213],{"class":43080},[40,124598,88748],{"class":43084},[40,124600,3146],{"class":43080},[20,124602,269,124603,124605],{},[15,124604,50048],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124607,124608,124609,2669],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124610,2086],{},[31,124612,124614],{"className":33,"code":124613,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124615,124616,124628,124637,124641,124655],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124617,124618,124620,124622,124624,124626],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124619,34450],{"class":46},[40,124621,51],{"class":50},[40,124623,224],{"class":212},[40,124625,49998],{"class":216},[40,124627,3146],{"class":212},[40,124629,124630,124632,124634],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,124631,2001],{"class":46},[40,124633,51],{"class":50},[40,124635,124636],{"class":58}," 123\n",[40,124638,124639],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,124640,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,124642,124643,124645,124647,124649,124651,124653],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,124644,101],{"class":84},[40,124646,88],{"class":54},[40,124648,1297],{"class":609},[40,124650,88],{"class":54},[40,124652,34471],{"class":91},[40,124654,256],{"class":54},[40,124656,124657,124659,124661,124663,124665,124667],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,124658,101],{"class":84},[40,124660,88],{"class":54},[40,124662,1297],{"class":609},[40,124664,88],{"class":54},[40,124666,2023],{"class":91},[40,124668,256],{"class":54},[20,124670,111],{},[31,124672,124674],{"className":33,"code":124673,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124675,124676,124690],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124677,124678,124680,124682,124684,124686,124688],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124679,3076],{"class":50},[40,124681,3079],{"class":1848},[40,124683,3082],{"class":212},[40,124685,3231],{"class":216},[40,124687,3087],{"class":212},[40,124689,3090],{"class":50},[40,124691,124692,124694,124696,124698,124700,124702],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,124693,3076],{"class":50},[40,124695,3079],{"class":1848},[40,124697,3082],{"class":212},[40,124699,1972],{"class":216},[40,124701,3087],{"class":212},[40,124703,3090],{"class":50},[20,124705,124706,124707,289],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[282,124708,124709],{"href":50728},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[129,124711,124713],{"id":124712},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124715,124716],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124718,124719],{},"You can use single quotes:",[31,124721,124723],{"className":33,"code":124722,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124724,124725,124738],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124726,124727,124730,124732,124734,124736],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124728,124729],{"class":46},"greeting ",[40,124731,51],{"class":50},[40,124733,3082],{"class":212},[40,124735,3632],{"class":216},[40,124737,29460],{"class":212},[40,124739,124740,124742,124744,124747],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,124741,101],{"class":84},[40,124743,88],{"class":54},[40,124745,124746],{"class":91},"greeting",[40,124748,95],{"class":54},[20,124750,124751],{},"Or double quotes:",[31,124753,124755],{"className":33,"code":124754,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124756,124757,124769],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124758,124759,124761,124763,124765,124767],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124760,124729],{"class":46},[40,124762,51],{"class":50},[40,124764,224],{"class":212},[40,124766,3632],{"class":216},[40,124768,3146],{"class":212},[40,124770,124771,124773,124775,124777],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,124772,101],{"class":84},[40,124774,88],{"class":54},[40,124776,124746],{"class":91},[40,124778,95],{"class":54},[20,124780,124781],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124783,124784],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[129,124786,124788],{"id":124787},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124790,124791],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124793,124794,124795,2662,124797,2669],{},"Use either ",[15,124796,6049],{},[15,124798,3560],{},[31,124800,124802],{"className":33,"code":124801,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124803,124804,124813,124822,124826,124837,124848],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124805,124806,124809,124811],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124807,124808],{"class":46},"empty1 ",[40,124810,51],{"class":50},[40,124812,7656],{"class":212},[40,124814,124815,124818,124820],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,124816,124817],{"class":46},"empty2 ",[40,124819,51],{"class":50},[40,124821,47247],{"class":212},[40,124823,124824],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,124825,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,124827,124828,124830,124832,124835],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,124829,101],{"class":84},[40,124831,88],{"class":54},[40,124833,124834],{"class":91},"empty1",[40,124836,95],{"class":54},[40,124838,124839,124841,124843,124846],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,124840,101],{"class":84},[40,124842,88],{"class":54},[40,124844,124845],{"class":91},"empty2",[40,124847,95],{"class":54},[40,124849,124850,124852,124854,124856,124858,124860],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,124851,101],{"class":84},[40,124853,88],{"class":54},[40,124855,1297],{"class":609},[40,124857,88],{"class":54},[40,124859,124834],{"class":91},[40,124861,256],{"class":54},[20,124863,111],{},[31,124865,124866],{"className":33,"code":45523,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,124867,124868],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124869,124870,124872,124874,124876,124878,124880],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124871,3076],{"class":50},[40,124873,3079],{"class":1848},[40,124875,3082],{"class":212},[40,124877,3231],{"class":216},[40,124879,3087],{"class":212},[40,124881,3090],{"class":50},[20,124883,124884],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[129,124886,124888],{"id":124887},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124890,124891],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124893,124894],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[31,124896,124898],{"className":33,"code":124897,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124899,124900,124911,124916,124923,124927],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124901,124902,124904,124906,124909],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124903,89606],{"class":46},[40,124905,51],{"class":50},[40,124907,124908],{"class":212}," \"\"\"",[40,124910,88548],{"class":216},[40,124912,124913],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,124914,124915],{"class":216},"Welcome to Python\n",[40,124917,124918,124921],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,124919,124920],{"class":216},"Have a nice day",[40,124922,43088],{"class":212},[40,124924,124925],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,124926,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,124928,124929,124931,124933,124935],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,124930,101],{"class":84},[40,124932,88],{"class":54},[40,124934,89623],{"class":91},[40,124936,95],{"class":54},[20,124938,124939],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[31,124941,124943],{"className":33,"code":124942,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124944,124945,124957,124962,124970,124974],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,124946,124947,124949,124951,124954],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,124948,89606],{"class":46},[40,124950,51],{"class":50},[40,124952,124953],{"class":212}," '''",[40,124955,124956],{"class":216},"Line 1\n",[40,124958,124959],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,124960,124961],{"class":216},"Line 2\n",[40,124963,124964,124967],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,124965,124966],{"class":216},"Line 3",[40,124968,124969],{"class":212},"'''\n",[40,124971,124972],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,124973,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,124975,124976,124978,124980,124982],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,124977,101],{"class":84},[40,124979,88],{"class":54},[40,124981,89623],{"class":91},[40,124983,95],{"class":54},[20,124985,124986],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,124988,124989],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[129,124991,124993],{"id":124992},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,124995,606,124996,124998],{},[15,124997,47435],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125000,125001],{},"Example with a number:",[31,125003,125005],{"className":33,"code":125004,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125006,125007,125021,125031],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125008,125009,125011,125013,125015,125017,125019],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125010,34450],{"class":46},[40,125012,51],{"class":50},[40,125014,48656],{"class":609},[40,125016,88],{"class":54},[40,125018,46279],{"class":58},[40,125020,95],{"class":54},[40,125022,125023,125025,125027,125029],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125024,101],{"class":84},[40,125026,88],{"class":54},[40,125028,34471],{"class":91},[40,125030,95],{"class":54},[40,125032,125033,125035,125037,125039,125041,125043],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,125034,101],{"class":84},[40,125036,88],{"class":54},[40,125038,1297],{"class":609},[40,125040,88],{"class":54},[40,125042,34471],{"class":91},[40,125044,256],{"class":54},[20,125046,111],{},[31,125048,125050],{"className":33,"code":125049,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125051,125052,125056],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125053,125054],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125055,46365],{"class":58},[40,125057,125058,125060,125062,125064,125066,125068],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125059,3076],{"class":50},[40,125061,3079],{"class":1848},[40,125063,3082],{"class":212},[40,125065,3231],{"class":216},[40,125067,3087],{"class":212},[40,125069,3090],{"class":50},[20,125071,125072],{},"You can also convert other values:",[31,125074,125076],{"className":33,"code":125075,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125077,125078,125092],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125079,125080,125082,125084,125086,125088,125090],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125081,101],{"class":84},[40,125083,88],{"class":54},[40,125085,3231],{"class":609},[40,125087,88],{"class":54},[40,125089,3391],{"class":1494},[40,125091,256],{"class":54},[40,125093,125094,125096,125098,125100,125102,125104],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125095,101],{"class":84},[40,125097,88],{"class":54},[40,125099,3231],{"class":609},[40,125101,88],{"class":54},[40,125103,39898],{"class":58},[40,125105,256],{"class":54},[20,125107,125108],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[31,125110,125112],{"className":33,"code":125111,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125113,125114,125122,125144,125148],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125115,125116,125118,125120],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125117,21389],{"class":46},[40,125119,51],{"class":50},[40,125121,44978],{"class":58},[40,125123,125124,125126,125128,125130,125132,125134,125136,125138,125140,125142],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125125,89606],{"class":46},[40,125127,51],{"class":50},[40,125129,224],{"class":212},[40,125131,89024],{"class":216},[40,125133,213],{"class":212},[40,125135,2237],{"class":50},[40,125137,48656],{"class":609},[40,125139,88],{"class":54},[40,125141,9069],{"class":91},[40,125143,95],{"class":54},[40,125145,125146],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,125147,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,125149,125150,125152,125154,125156],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,125151,101],{"class":84},[40,125153,88],{"class":54},[40,125155,89623],{"class":91},[40,125157,95],{"class":54},[20,125159,125160,125161,2662,125165,289],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[282,125162,285,125163,288],{"href":41928},[15,125164,47435],{},[282,125166,125167],{"href":122879},"how to convert int to string in Python",[129,125169,125171],{"id":125170},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125173,125174],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125176,125177],{},"Both of these are valid:",[31,125179,125181],{"className":33,"code":125180,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125182,125183,125195],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125184,125185,125187,125189,125191,125193],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125186,1384],{"class":46},[40,125188,51],{"class":50},[40,125190,3082],{"class":212},[40,125192,7074],{"class":216},[40,125194,29460],{"class":212},[40,125196,125197,125199,125201,125203,125205],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125198,1405],{"class":46},[40,125200,51],{"class":50},[40,125202,224],{"class":212},[40,125204,7074],{"class":216},[40,125206,3146],{"class":212},[20,125208,125209],{},"A common rule is:",[134,125211,125212,125215,125218],{},[137,125213,125214],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[137,125216,125217],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[137,125219,125220],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125222,195],{},[31,125224,125226],{"className":33,"code":125225,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125227,125228,125242,125256,125260,125271],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125229,125230,125233,125235,125237,125240],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125231,125232],{"class":46},"text1 ",[40,125234,51],{"class":50},[40,125236,224],{"class":212},[40,125238,125239],{"class":216},"It's working",[40,125241,3146],{"class":212},[40,125243,125244,125247,125249,125251,125254],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125245,125246],{"class":46},"text2 ",[40,125248,51],{"class":50},[40,125250,3082],{"class":212},[40,125252,125253],{"class":216},"She said \"hello\"",[40,125255,29460],{"class":212},[40,125257,125258],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,125259,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,125261,125262,125264,125266,125269],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,125263,101],{"class":84},[40,125265,88],{"class":54},[40,125267,125268],{"class":91},"text1",[40,125270,95],{"class":54},[40,125272,125273,125275,125277,125280],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,125274,101],{"class":84},[40,125276,88],{"class":54},[40,125278,125279],{"class":91},"text2",[40,125281,95],{"class":54},[20,125283,125284],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[129,125286,125288],{"id":125287},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125290,125291],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125293,125294],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[31,125296,125298],{"className":33,"code":125297,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125299,125300,125305],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125301,125302],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125303,125304],{"class":3449},"# This will cause an error\n",[40,125306,125307],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125308,125309],{"class":3449},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125311,125312,125313,35093,125315,125318],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125314,3087],{},[15,125316,125317],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125320,125321],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[31,125323,125325],{"className":33,"code":125324,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125326,125327,125346],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125328,125329,125331,125333,125335,125338,125341,125344],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125330,34450],{"class":46},[40,125332,51],{"class":50},[40,125334,3082],{"class":212},[40,125336,125337],{"class":216},"It",[40,125339,125340],{"class":34215},"\\'",[40,125342,125343],{"class":216},"s working",[40,125345,29460],{"class":212},[40,125347,125348,125350,125352,125354],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125349,101],{"class":84},[40,125351,88],{"class":54},[40,125353,34471],{"class":91},[40,125355,95],{"class":54},[20,125357,125358],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[31,125360,125362],{"className":33,"code":125361,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125363,125364,125376],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125365,125366,125368,125370,125372,125374],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125367,34450],{"class":46},[40,125369,51],{"class":50},[40,125371,224],{"class":212},[40,125373,125239],{"class":216},[40,125375,3146],{"class":212},[40,125377,125378,125380,125382,125384],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125379,101],{"class":84},[40,125381,88],{"class":54},[40,125383,34471],{"class":91},[40,125385,95],{"class":54},[20,125387,125388],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125390,125391,125392,289],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[282,125393,125395],{"href":125394},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[129,125397,2613],{"id":2612},[20,125399,125400],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[792,125402,89813],{"id":89812},[20,125404,125405],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[31,125407,125409],{"className":33,"code":125408,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125410,125411,125415],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125412,125413],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125414,125304],{"class":3449},[40,125416,125417],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125418,125419],{"class":3449},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125421,125422,125423,8371,125426,125428],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125424,125425],{},"NameError",[15,125427,4783],{}," is not defined.",[20,125430,10577],{},[31,125432,125434],{"className":33,"code":125433,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125435,125436,125448],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125437,125438,125440,125442,125444,125446],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125439,7651],{"class":46},[40,125441,51],{"class":50},[40,125443,224],{"class":212},[40,125445,4783],{"class":216},[40,125447,3146],{"class":212},[40,125449,125450,125452,125454,125456],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125451,101],{"class":84},[40,125453,88],{"class":54},[40,125455,7446],{"class":91},[40,125457,95],{"class":54},[792,125459,125461],{"id":125460},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125463,125464],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[31,125466,125468],{"className":33,"code":125467,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125469,125470,125474],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125471,125472],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125473,125304],{"class":3449},[40,125475,125476],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125477,125478],{"class":3449},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125480,125481],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[31,125483,125485],{"className":33,"code":125484,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125486,125487,125504,125517,125521,125531],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125488,125489,125491,125493,125495,125497,125499,125502],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125490,125232],{"class":46},[40,125492,51],{"class":50},[40,125494,3082],{"class":212},[40,125496,125337],{"class":216},[40,125498,125340],{"class":34215},[40,125500,125501],{"class":216},"s good",[40,125503,29460],{"class":212},[40,125505,125506,125508,125510,125512,125515],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125507,125246],{"class":46},[40,125509,51],{"class":50},[40,125511,224],{"class":212},[40,125513,125514],{"class":216},"It's good",[40,125516,3146],{"class":212},[40,125518,125519],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,125520,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,125522,125523,125525,125527,125529],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,125524,101],{"class":84},[40,125526,88],{"class":54},[40,125528,125268],{"class":91},[40,125530,95],{"class":54},[40,125532,125533,125535,125537,125539],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,125534,101],{"class":84},[40,125536,88],{"class":54},[40,125538,125279],{"class":91},[40,125540,95],{"class":54},[792,125542,125544],{"id":125543},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125546,125547],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[31,125549,125551],{"className":33,"code":125550,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125552,125553,125565],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125554,125555,125557,125559,125561,125563],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125556,34450],{"class":46},[40,125558,51],{"class":50},[40,125560,124908],{"class":212},[40,125562,3632],{"class":216},[40,125564,43088],{"class":212},[40,125566,125567,125569,125571,125573],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125568,101],{"class":84},[40,125570,88],{"class":54},[40,125572,34471],{"class":91},[40,125574,95],{"class":54},[20,125576,125577],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[31,125579,125581],{"className":33,"code":125580,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125582,125583,125595],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125584,125585,125587,125589,125591,125593],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125586,34450],{"class":46},[40,125588,51],{"class":50},[40,125590,224],{"class":212},[40,125592,3632],{"class":216},[40,125594,3146],{"class":212},[40,125596,125597,125599,125601,125603],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125598,101],{"class":84},[40,125600,88],{"class":54},[40,125602,34471],{"class":91},[40,125604,95],{"class":54},[792,125606,4361,125608,4176,125610,125612],{"id":125607},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125609,49998],{},[15,125611,50048],{}," are the same type",[20,125614,125615],{},"They are different:",[31,125617,125619],{"className":33,"code":125618,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125620,125621,125630,125643,125647,125661],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125622,125623,125626,125628],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125624,125625],{"class":46},"value1 ",[40,125627,51],{"class":50},[40,125629,124636],{"class":58},[40,125631,125632,125635,125637,125639,125641],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125633,125634],{"class":46},"value2 ",[40,125636,51],{"class":50},[40,125638,224],{"class":212},[40,125640,49998],{"class":216},[40,125642,3146],{"class":212},[40,125644,125645],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,125646,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,125648,125649,125651,125653,125655,125657,125659],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,125650,101],{"class":84},[40,125652,88],{"class":54},[40,125654,1297],{"class":609},[40,125656,88],{"class":54},[40,125658,84369],{"class":91},[40,125660,256],{"class":54},[40,125662,125663,125665,125667,125669,125671,125674],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,125664,101],{"class":84},[40,125666,88],{"class":54},[40,125668,1297],{"class":609},[40,125670,88],{"class":54},[40,125672,125673],{"class":91},"value2",[40,125675,256],{"class":54},[20,125677,111],{},[31,125679,125681],{"className":33,"code":125680,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125682,125683,125697],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125684,125685,125687,125689,125691,125693,125695],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125686,3076],{"class":50},[40,125688,3079],{"class":1848},[40,125690,3082],{"class":212},[40,125692,1972],{"class":216},[40,125694,3087],{"class":212},[40,125696,3090],{"class":50},[40,125698,125699,125701,125703,125705,125707,125709],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125700,3076],{"class":50},[40,125702,3079],{"class":1848},[40,125704,3082],{"class":212},[40,125706,3231],{"class":216},[40,125708,3087],{"class":212},[40,125710,3090],{"class":50},[792,125712,125714],{"id":125713},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125716,125717],{},"This causes a type error:",[31,125719,125721],{"className":33,"code":125720,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125722,125723,125727,125732],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125724,125725],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125726,125304],{"class":3449},[40,125728,125729],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125730,125731],{"class":3449},"# age = 10\n",[40,125733,125734],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,125735,125736],{"class":3449},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125738,125739,125740,2669],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125741,47435],{},[31,125743,125745],{"className":33,"code":125744,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125746,125747,125755,125777,125781],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125748,125749,125751,125753],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125750,21389],{"class":46},[40,125752,51],{"class":50},[40,125754,2369],{"class":58},[40,125756,125757,125759,125761,125763,125765,125767,125769,125771,125773,125775],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125758,89606],{"class":46},[40,125760,51],{"class":50},[40,125762,224],{"class":212},[40,125764,89024],{"class":216},[40,125766,213],{"class":212},[40,125768,2237],{"class":50},[40,125770,48656],{"class":609},[40,125772,88],{"class":54},[40,125774,9069],{"class":91},[40,125776,95],{"class":54},[40,125778,125779],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,125780,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,125782,125783,125785,125787,125789],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,125784,101],{"class":84},[40,125786,88],{"class":54},[40,125788,89623],{"class":91},[40,125790,95],{"class":54},[20,125792,125793,125794,289],{},"For this specific error, see ",[282,125795,90005],{"href":90004},[792,125797,60450],{"id":60449},[20,125799,125800],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[31,125802,125804],{"className":33,"code":125803,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125805,125806,125818,125822,125832,125846],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,125807,125808,125810,125812,125814,125816],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,125809,34450],{"class":46},[40,125811,51],{"class":50},[40,125813,224],{"class":212},[40,125815,3632],{"class":216},[40,125817,3146],{"class":212},[40,125819,125820],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,125821,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,125823,125824,125826,125828,125830],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,125825,101],{"class":84},[40,125827,88],{"class":54},[40,125829,34471],{"class":91},[40,125831,95],{"class":54},[40,125833,125834,125836,125838,125840,125842,125844],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,125835,101],{"class":84},[40,125837,88],{"class":54},[40,125839,1297],{"class":609},[40,125841,88],{"class":54},[40,125843,34471],{"class":91},[40,125845,256],{"class":54},[40,125847,125848,125850,125852,125854,125856,125858],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,125849,101],{"class":84},[40,125851,88],{"class":54},[40,125853,41532],{"class":84},[40,125855,88],{"class":54},[40,125857,34471],{"class":91},[40,125859,256],{"class":54},[134,125861,125862,125867,125872],{},[137,125863,125864,46031],{},[15,125865,125866],{},"print(text)",[137,125868,125869,46036],{},[15,125870,125871],{},"print(type(text))",[137,125873,125874,125877],{},[15,125875,125876],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[129,125879,1636],{"id":1635},[792,125881,125883],{"id":125882},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125885,125886,125887,2662,125890,289],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125888,125889],{},"'hello'",[15,125891,64274],{},[792,125893,125895],{"id":125894},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125897,125898],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[792,125900,125902],{"id":125901},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125904,123,125905,2662,125907,289],{},[15,125906,6049],{},[15,125908,3560],{},[792,125910,125912],{"id":125911},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125914,123,125915,125917,125918,125920,125921,289],{},[15,125916,47435],{},", like ",[15,125919,79979],{},", which returns ",[15,125922,41879],{},[792,125924,125926],{"id":125925},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125928,125929],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[129,125931,1687],{"id":1686},[134,125933,125934,125938,125944,125949,125958,125962],{},[137,125935,125936],{},[282,125937,124709],{"href":50728},[137,125939,125940],{},[282,125941,285,125942,288],{"href":41928},[15,125943,47435],{},[137,125945,125946],{},[282,125947,125948],{"href":122879},"How to convert int to string in Python",[137,125950,125951],{},[282,125952,125954,125955,10510],{"href":125953},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125956,125957],{},"format()",[137,125959,125960],{},[282,125961,125395],{"href":125394},[137,125963,125964],{},[282,125965,90005],{"href":90004},[1715,125967,125968],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":125970},[125971,125972,125973,125974,125975,125976,125977,125978,125979,125988,125995],{"id":131,"depth":76,"text":132},{"id":124548,"depth":76,"text":124549},{"id":124712,"depth":76,"text":124713},{"id":124787,"depth":76,"text":124788},{"id":124887,"depth":76,"text":124888},{"id":124992,"depth":76,"text":124993},{"id":125170,"depth":76,"text":125171},{"id":125287,"depth":76,"text":125288},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":125980},[125981,125982,125983,125984,125986,125987],{"id":89812,"depth":98,"text":89813},{"id":125460,"depth":98,"text":125461},{"id":125543,"depth":98,"text":125544},{"id":125607,"depth":98,"text":125985},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125713,"depth":98,"text":125714},{"id":60449,"depth":98,"text":60450},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":125989},[125990,125991,125992,125993,125994],{"id":125882,"depth":98,"text":125883},{"id":125894,"depth":98,"text":125895},{"id":125901,"depth":98,"text":125902},{"id":125911,"depth":98,"text":125912},{"id":125925,"depth":98,"text":125926},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124410,"description":125996},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126003,"title":126004,"body":126005,"description":127919,"extension":1746,"meta":127920,"navigation":360,"path":127921,"seo":127922,"stem":127923,"__hash__":127924},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126006,"toc":127880},[126007,126013,126018,126026,126028,126095,126097,126109,126118,126123,126127,126144,126146,126211,126213,126225,126230,126232,126260,126281,126284,126323,126325,126333,126337,126341,126345,126353,126356,126397,126399,126407,126410,126467,126469,126477,126481,126486,126530,126532,126540,126549,126553,126558,126606,126608,126616,126622,126624,126628,126640,126645,126724,126726,126746,126750,126754,126794,126796,126804,126808,126851,126853,126861,126865,126905,126907,126915,126919,126975,126977,126985,126991,126993,126997,127007,127074,127076,127089,127096,127139,127141,127149,127153,127156,127212,127214,127222,127225,127227,127304,127306,127314,127323,127325,127329,127333,127335,127357,127360,127407,127411,127450,127452,127460,127462,127504,127511,127516,127578,127580,127592,127598,127603,127652,127654,127673,127679,127681,127700,127702,127793,127795,127801,127808,127814,127820,127825,127834,127841,127849,127851,127877],[10,126008,122954,126010,11091],{"id":126009},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126011,126012],{},"endswith()",[20,126014,122959,126015,126017],{},[15,126016,126012],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126019,126020,126021,2662,126023,126025],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126022,3391],{},[15,126024,3460],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[129,126027,1787],{"id":1786},[31,126029,126031],{"className":33,"code":126030,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126032,126033,126047,126072],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126034,126035,126038,126040,126042,126045],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126036,126037],{"class":46},"filename ",[40,126039,51],{"class":50},[40,126041,224],{"class":212},[40,126043,126044],{"class":216},"report.csv",[40,126046,3146],{"class":212},[40,126048,126049,126051,126053,126056,126058,126061,126063,126065,126068,126070],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,126050,101],{"class":84},[40,126052,88],{"class":54},[40,126054,126055],{"class":91},"filename",[40,126057,289],{"class":54},[40,126059,126060],{"class":91},"endswith",[40,126062,88],{"class":54},[40,126064,213],{"class":212},[40,126066,126067],{"class":216},".csv",[40,126069,213],{"class":212},[40,126071,256],{"class":54},[40,126073,126074,126076,126078,126080,126082,126084,126086,126088,126091,126093],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,126075,101],{"class":84},[40,126077,88],{"class":54},[40,126079,126055],{"class":91},[40,126081,289],{"class":54},[40,126083,126060],{"class":91},[40,126085,88],{"class":54},[40,126087,213],{"class":212},[40,126089,126090],{"class":216},".txt",[40,126092,213],{"class":212},[40,126094,256],{"class":54},[20,126096,111],{},[31,126098,126099],{"className":33,"code":43926,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,126100,126101,126105],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126102,126103],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126104,1495],{"class":1494},[40,126106,126107],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,126108,3824],{"class":1494},[20,126110,123,126111,5148,126113,2662,126115,126117],{},[15,126112,126012],{},[15,126114,3391],{},[15,126116,3460],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[129,126119,158,126121,3466],{"id":126120},"what-endswith-does",[15,126122,126012],{},[20,126124,126125,2669],{},[15,126126,126012],{},[134,126128,126129,126132,126138,126141],{},[137,126130,126131],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[137,126133,11193,126134,2662,126136],{},[15,126135,3391],{},[15,126137,3460],{},[137,126139,126140],{},"Does not change the original string",[137,126142,126143],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126145,195],{},[31,126147,126149],{"className":33,"code":126148,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126150,126151,126163,126167,126189],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126152,126153,126155,126157,126159,126161],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126154,34450],{"class":46},[40,126156,51],{"class":50},[40,126158,224],{"class":212},[40,126160,60146],{"class":216},[40,126162,3146],{"class":212},[40,126164,126165],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,126166,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,126168,126169,126171,126173,126175,126177,126179,126181,126183,126185,126187],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,126170,101],{"class":84},[40,126172,88],{"class":54},[40,126174,34471],{"class":91},[40,126176,289],{"class":54},[40,126178,126060],{"class":91},[40,126180,88],{"class":54},[40,126182,213],{"class":212},[40,126184,60331],{"class":216},[40,126186,213],{"class":212},[40,126188,256],{"class":54},[40,126190,126191,126193,126195,126197,126199,126201,126203,126205,126207,126209],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,126192,101],{"class":84},[40,126194,88],{"class":54},[40,126196,34471],{"class":91},[40,126198,289],{"class":54},[40,126200,126060],{"class":91},[40,126202,88],{"class":54},[40,126204,213],{"class":212},[40,126206,3632],{"class":216},[40,126208,213],{"class":212},[40,126210,256],{"class":54},[20,126212,111],{},[31,126214,126215],{"className":33,"code":43926,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,126216,126217,126221],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126218,126219],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126220,1495],{"class":1494},[40,126222,126223],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,126224,3824],{"class":1494},[20,126226,126227,126228,289],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[282,126229,124709],{"href":50728},[129,126231,1940],{"id":1939},[31,126233,126235],{"className":33,"code":126234,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126236,126237],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126238,126239,126241,126243,126245,126247,126250,126252,126254,126256,126258],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126240,60913],{"class":46},[40,126242,289],{"class":54},[40,126244,126060],{"class":91},[40,126246,88],{"class":54},[40,126248,126249],{"class":91},"suffix",[40,126251,62],{"class":54},[40,126253,35810],{"class":91},[40,126255,62],{"class":54},[40,126257,64780],{"class":91},[40,126259,95],{"class":54},[134,126261,126262,126267,126274],{},[137,126263,126264,126266],{},[15,126265,126249],{}," is required",[137,126268,126269,4176,126271,126273],{},[15,126270,35831],{},[15,126272,52406],{}," are optional",[137,126275,126276,4176,126278,126280],{},[15,126277,35831],{},[15,126279,52406],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126282,126283],{},"Basic example:",[31,126285,126287],{"className":33,"code":126286,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126288,126289,126301],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126290,126291,126293,126295,126297,126299],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126292,126037],{"class":46},[40,126294,51],{"class":50},[40,126296,224],{"class":212},[40,126298,86494],{"class":216},[40,126300,3146],{"class":212},[40,126302,126303,126305,126307,126309,126311,126313,126315,126317,126319,126321],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,126304,101],{"class":84},[40,126306,88],{"class":54},[40,126308,126055],{"class":91},[40,126310,289],{"class":54},[40,126312,126060],{"class":91},[40,126314,88],{"class":54},[40,126316,213],{"class":212},[40,126318,126090],{"class":216},[40,126320,213],{"class":212},[40,126322,256],{"class":54},[20,126324,111],{},[31,126326,126327],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,126328,126329],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126330,126331],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126332,1495],{"class":1494},[129,126334,126336],{"id":126335},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[792,126338,126339],{"id":126249},[15,126340,126249],{},[20,126342,126343,30510],{},[15,126344,126249],{},[134,126346,126347,126350],{},[137,126348,126349],{},"A single string",[137,126351,126352],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126354,126355],{},"Single suffix:",[31,126357,126359],{"className":33,"code":126358,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126360,126361,126374],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126362,126363,126365,126367,126369,126372],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126364,7651],{"class":46},[40,126366,51],{"class":50},[40,126368,224],{"class":212},[40,126370,126371],{"class":216},"image.png",[40,126373,3146],{"class":212},[40,126375,126376,126378,126380,126382,126384,126386,126388,126390,126393,126395],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,126377,101],{"class":84},[40,126379,88],{"class":54},[40,126381,7446],{"class":91},[40,126383,289],{"class":54},[40,126385,126060],{"class":91},[40,126387,88],{"class":54},[40,126389,213],{"class":212},[40,126391,126392],{"class":216},".png",[40,126394,213],{"class":212},[40,126396,256],{"class":54},[20,126398,111],{},[31,126400,126401],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,126402,126403],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126404,126405],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126406,1495],{"class":1494},[20,126408,126409],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[31,126411,126413],{"className":33,"code":126412,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126414,126415,126427],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126416,126417,126419,126421,126423,126425],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126418,7651],{"class":46},[40,126420,51],{"class":50},[40,126422,224],{"class":212},[40,126424,126371],{"class":216},[40,126426,3146],{"class":212},[40,126428,126429,126431,126433,126435,126437,126439,126441,126443,126446,126448,126450,126452,126454,126456,126458,126460,126463,126465],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,126430,101],{"class":84},[40,126432,88],{"class":54},[40,126434,7446],{"class":91},[40,126436,289],{"class":54},[40,126438,126060],{"class":91},[40,126440,5289],{"class":54},[40,126442,213],{"class":212},[40,126444,126445],{"class":216},".jpg",[40,126447,213],{"class":212},[40,126449,62],{"class":54},[40,126451,224],{"class":212},[40,126453,126392],{"class":216},[40,126455,213],{"class":212},[40,126457,62],{"class":54},[40,126459,224],{"class":212},[40,126461,126462],{"class":216},".gif",[40,126464,213],{"class":212},[40,126466,2697],{"class":54},[20,126468,111],{},[31,126470,126471],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,126472,126473],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126474,126475],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126476,1495],{"class":1494},[792,126478,126479],{"id":35831},[15,126480,35831],{},[20,126482,126483,126485],{},[15,126484,35831],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[31,126487,126489],{"className":33,"code":126488,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126490,126491,126504],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126492,126493,126495,126497,126499,126502],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126494,34450],{"class":46},[40,126496,51],{"class":50},[40,126498,224],{"class":212},[40,126500,126501],{"class":216},"my_report.csv",[40,126503,3146],{"class":212},[40,126505,126506,126508,126510,126512,126514,126516,126518,126520,126522,126524,126526,126528],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,126507,101],{"class":84},[40,126509,88],{"class":54},[40,126511,34471],{"class":91},[40,126513,289],{"class":54},[40,126515,126060],{"class":91},[40,126517,88],{"class":54},[40,126519,213],{"class":212},[40,126521,126067],{"class":216},[40,126523,213],{"class":212},[40,126525,62],{"class":54},[40,126527,749],{"class":58},[40,126529,256],{"class":54},[20,126531,111],{},[31,126533,126534],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,126535,126536],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126537,126538],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126539,1495],{"class":1494},[20,126541,126542,126543,126545,126546,289],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126544,401],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126547,126548],{},"\"report.csv\"",[792,126550,126551],{"id":52406},[15,126552,52406],{},[20,126554,126555,126557],{},[15,126556,52406],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[31,126559,126561],{"className":33,"code":126560,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126562,126563,126576],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126564,126565,126567,126569,126571,126574],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126566,34450],{"class":46},[40,126568,51],{"class":50},[40,126570,224],{"class":212},[40,126572,126573],{"class":216},"report.csv backup",[40,126575,3146],{"class":212},[40,126577,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586,126588,126590,126592,126594,126596,126598,126600,126602,126604],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,126579,101],{"class":84},[40,126581,88],{"class":54},[40,126583,34471],{"class":91},[40,126585,289],{"class":54},[40,126587,126060],{"class":91},[40,126589,88],{"class":54},[40,126591,213],{"class":212},[40,126593,126067],{"class":216},[40,126595,213],{"class":212},[40,126597,62],{"class":54},[40,126599,550],{"class":58},[40,126601,62],{"class":54},[40,126603,5781],{"class":58},[40,126605,256],{"class":54},[20,126607,111],{},[31,126609,126610],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,126611,126612],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126613,126614],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126615,1495],{"class":1494},[20,126617,126618,126619,126621],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126620,126548],{}," and ignores the rest.",[129,126623,17184],{"id":17183},[20,126625,126626,25271],{},[15,126627,126012],{},[134,126629,126630,126635],{},[137,126631,126632,126634],{},[15,126633,3391],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[137,126636,126637,126639],{},[15,126638,3460],{}," if it does not",[20,126641,126642,126643,6950],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126644,536],{},[31,126646,126648],{"className":33,"code":126647,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126649,126650,126663,126667,126688,126703,126709],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126651,126652,126654,126656,126658,126661],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126653,126037],{"class":46},[40,126655,51],{"class":50},[40,126657,224],{"class":212},[40,126659,126660],{"class":216},"data.csv",[40,126662,3146],{"class":212},[40,126664,126665],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,126666,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,126668,126669,126671,126674,126676,126678,126680,126682,126684,126686],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,126670,536],{"class":535},[40,126672,126673],{"class":46}," filename",[40,126675,289],{"class":54},[40,126677,126060],{"class":91},[40,126679,88],{"class":54},[40,126681,213],{"class":212},[40,126683,126067],{"class":216},[40,126685,213],{"class":212},[40,126687,8112],{"class":54},[40,126689,126690,126692,126694,126696,126699,126701],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,126691,558],{"class":84},[40,126693,88],{"class":54},[40,126695,213],{"class":212},[40,126697,126698],{"class":216},"This is a CSV file.",[40,126700,213],{"class":212},[40,126702,95],{"class":54},[40,126704,126705,126707],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,126706,576],{"class":535},[40,126708,553],{"class":54},[40,126710,126711,126713,126715,126717,126720,126722],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,126712,558],{"class":84},[40,126714,88],{"class":54},[40,126716,213],{"class":212},[40,126718,126719],{"class":216},"This is not a CSV file.",[40,126721,213],{"class":212},[40,126723,95],{"class":54},[20,126725,111],{},[31,126727,126729],{"className":33,"code":126728,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126730,126731],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126732,126733,126735,126737,126739,126742,126744],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126734,49631],{"class":46},[40,126736,11963],{"class":50},[40,126738,44297],{"class":46},[40,126740,126741],{"class":34215},"CSV",[40,126743,86235],{"class":86234},[40,126745,121986],{"class":54},[129,126747,126749],{"id":126748},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[792,126751,126753],{"id":126752},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[31,126755,126757],{"className":33,"code":126756,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126758,126759,126772],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126760,126761,126763,126765,126767,126770],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126762,126037],{"class":46},[40,126764,51],{"class":50},[40,126766,224],{"class":212},[40,126768,126769],{"class":216},"sales.csv",[40,126771,3146],{"class":212},[40,126773,126774,126776,126778,126780,126782,126784,126786,126788,126790,126792],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,126775,101],{"class":84},[40,126777,88],{"class":54},[40,126779,126055],{"class":91},[40,126781,289],{"class":54},[40,126783,126060],{"class":91},[40,126785,88],{"class":54},[40,126787,213],{"class":212},[40,126789,126067],{"class":216},[40,126791,213],{"class":212},[40,126793,256],{"class":54},[20,126795,111],{},[31,126797,126798],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,126799,126800],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126801,126802],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126803,1495],{"class":1494},[792,126805,126807],{"id":126806},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[31,126809,126811],{"className":33,"code":126810,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126812,126813,126827],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126814,126815,126818,126820,126822,126825],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126816,126817],{"class":46},"url ",[40,126819,51],{"class":50},[40,126821,224],{"class":212},[40,126823,126824],{"class":216},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[40,126826,3146],{"class":212},[40,126828,126829,126831,126833,126836,126838,126840,126842,126844,126847,126849],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,126830,101],{"class":84},[40,126832,88],{"class":54},[40,126834,126835],{"class":91},"url",[40,126837,289],{"class":54},[40,126839,126060],{"class":91},[40,126841,88],{"class":54},[40,126843,213],{"class":212},[40,126845,126846],{"class":216},"\u002F",[40,126848,213],{"class":212},[40,126850,256],{"class":54},[20,126852,111],{},[31,126854,126855],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,126856,126857],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126858,126859],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126860,1495],{"class":1494},[792,126862,126864],{"id":126863},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[31,126866,126868],{"className":33,"code":126867,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126869,126870,126883],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126871,126872,126874,126876,126878,126881],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126873,89606],{"class":46},[40,126875,51],{"class":50},[40,126877,224],{"class":212},[40,126879,126880],{"class":216},"Hello!",[40,126882,3146],{"class":212},[40,126884,126885,126887,126889,126891,126893,126895,126897,126899,126901,126903],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,126886,101],{"class":84},[40,126888,88],{"class":54},[40,126890,89623],{"class":91},[40,126892,289],{"class":54},[40,126894,126060],{"class":91},[40,126896,88],{"class":54},[40,126898,213],{"class":212},[40,126900,89447],{"class":216},[40,126902,213],{"class":212},[40,126904,256],{"class":54},[20,126906,111],{},[31,126908,126909],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,126910,126911],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126912,126913],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126914,1495],{"class":1494},[792,126916,126918],{"id":126917},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[31,126920,126922],{"className":33,"code":126921,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126923,126924,126937],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126925,126926,126928,126930,126932,126935],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126927,126037],{"class":46},[40,126929,51],{"class":50},[40,126931,224],{"class":212},[40,126933,126934],{"class":216},"photo.jpg",[40,126936,3146],{"class":212},[40,126938,126939,126941,126943,126945,126947,126949,126951,126953,126955,126957,126959,126961,126963,126965,126967,126969,126971,126973],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,126940,101],{"class":84},[40,126942,88],{"class":54},[40,126944,126055],{"class":91},[40,126946,289],{"class":54},[40,126948,126060],{"class":91},[40,126950,5289],{"class":54},[40,126952,213],{"class":212},[40,126954,126445],{"class":216},[40,126956,213],{"class":212},[40,126958,62],{"class":54},[40,126960,224],{"class":212},[40,126962,126392],{"class":216},[40,126964,213],{"class":212},[40,126966,62],{"class":54},[40,126968,224],{"class":212},[40,126970,126462],{"class":216},[40,126972,213],{"class":212},[40,126974,2697],{"class":54},[20,126976,111],{},[31,126978,126979],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,126980,126981],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,126982,126983],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,126984,1495],{"class":1494},[20,126986,126987,126988,289],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[282,126989,126990],{"href":123209},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[129,126992,123601],{"id":123600},[20,126994,126995,123412],{},[15,126996,126012],{},[20,126998,126999,127000,4176,127003,127006],{},"That means ",[15,127001,127002],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127004,127005],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[31,127008,127010],{"className":33,"code":127009,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127011,127012,127025,127029,127051],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127013,127014,127016,127018,127020,127023],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127015,126037],{"class":46},[40,127017,51],{"class":50},[40,127019,224],{"class":212},[40,127021,127022],{"class":216},"REPORT.CSV",[40,127024,3146],{"class":212},[40,127026,127027],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,127028,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,127030,127031,127033,127035,127037,127039,127041,127043,127045,127047,127049],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,127032,101],{"class":84},[40,127034,88],{"class":54},[40,127036,126055],{"class":91},[40,127038,289],{"class":54},[40,127040,126060],{"class":91},[40,127042,88],{"class":54},[40,127044,213],{"class":212},[40,127046,126067],{"class":216},[40,127048,213],{"class":212},[40,127050,256],{"class":54},[40,127052,127053,127055,127057,127059,127061,127063,127065,127067,127070,127072],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,127054,101],{"class":84},[40,127056,88],{"class":54},[40,127058,126055],{"class":91},[40,127060,289],{"class":54},[40,127062,126060],{"class":91},[40,127064,88],{"class":54},[40,127066,213],{"class":212},[40,127068,127069],{"class":216},".CSV",[40,127071,213],{"class":212},[40,127073,256],{"class":54},[20,127075,111],{},[31,127077,127079],{"className":33,"code":127078,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127080,127081,127085],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127082,127083],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127084,3824],{"class":1494},[40,127086,127087],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,127088,1495],{"class":1494},[20,127090,127091,127092,289],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[282,127093,127094],{"href":123681},[15,127095,123684],{},[31,127097,127099],{"className":33,"code":127098,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127100,127101,127113],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127102,127103,127105,127107,127109,127111],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127104,126037],{"class":46},[40,127106,51],{"class":50},[40,127108,224],{"class":212},[40,127110,127022],{"class":216},[40,127112,3146],{"class":212},[40,127114,127115,127117,127119,127121,127123,127125,127127,127129,127131,127133,127135,127137],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,127116,101],{"class":84},[40,127118,88],{"class":54},[40,127120,126055],{"class":91},[40,127122,289],{"class":54},[40,127124,8410],{"class":91},[40,127126,8407],{"class":54},[40,127128,126060],{"class":91},[40,127130,88],{"class":54},[40,127132,213],{"class":212},[40,127134,126067],{"class":216},[40,127136,213],{"class":212},[40,127138,256],{"class":54},[20,127140,111],{},[31,127142,127143],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,127144,127145],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127146,127147],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127148,1495],{"class":1494},[129,127150,127152],{"id":127151},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127154,127155],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[31,127157,127159],{"className":33,"code":127158,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127160,127161,127174],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127162,127163,127165,127167,127169,127172],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127164,126037],{"class":46},[40,127166,51],{"class":50},[40,127168,224],{"class":212},[40,127170,127171],{"class":216},"picture.gif",[40,127173,3146],{"class":212},[40,127175,127176,127178,127180,127182,127184,127186,127188,127190,127192,127194,127196,127198,127200,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,127177,101],{"class":84},[40,127179,88],{"class":54},[40,127181,126055],{"class":91},[40,127183,289],{"class":54},[40,127185,126060],{"class":91},[40,127187,5289],{"class":54},[40,127189,213],{"class":212},[40,127191,126445],{"class":216},[40,127193,213],{"class":212},[40,127195,62],{"class":54},[40,127197,224],{"class":212},[40,127199,126392],{"class":216},[40,127201,213],{"class":212},[40,127203,62],{"class":54},[40,127205,224],{"class":212},[40,127207,126462],{"class":216},[40,127209,213],{"class":212},[40,127211,2697],{"class":54},[20,127213,111],{},[31,127215,127216],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,127217,127218],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127219,127220],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127221,1495],{"class":1494},[20,127223,127224],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127226,721],{},[31,127228,127230],{"className":33,"code":127229,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127231,127232,127245,127280,127284],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127233,127234,127237,127239,127241,127243],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127235,127236],{"class":46},"document ",[40,127238,51],{"class":50},[40,127240,224],{"class":212},[40,127242,86494],{"class":216},[40,127244,3146],{"class":212},[40,127246,127247,127250,127252,127254,127256,127258,127260,127262,127264,127267,127269,127271,127273,127276,127278],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,127248,127249],{"class":46},"allowed ",[40,127251,51],{"class":50},[40,127253,9006],{"class":54},[40,127255,213],{"class":212},[40,127257,126090],{"class":216},[40,127259,213],{"class":212},[40,127261,62],{"class":54},[40,127263,224],{"class":212},[40,127265,127266],{"class":216},".md",[40,127268,213],{"class":212},[40,127270,62],{"class":54},[40,127272,224],{"class":212},[40,127274,127275],{"class":216},".docx",[40,127277,213],{"class":212},[40,127279,95],{"class":54},[40,127281,127282],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,127283,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,127285,127286,127288,127290,127293,127295,127297,127299,127302],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,127287,101],{"class":84},[40,127289,88],{"class":54},[40,127291,127292],{"class":91},"document",[40,127294,289],{"class":54},[40,127296,126060],{"class":91},[40,127298,88],{"class":54},[40,127300,127301],{"class":91},"allowed",[40,127303,256],{"class":54},[20,127305,111],{},[31,127307,127308],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,127309,127310],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127311,127312],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127313,1495],{"class":1494},[20,127315,127316,127317,289],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[282,127318,125954,127320,10510],{"href":127319},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127321,127322],{},"startswith()",[129,127324,2613],{"id":2612},[20,127326,8217,127327,289],{},[15,127328,126012],{},[792,127330,127332],{"id":127331},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127334,4307],{},[31,127336,127338],{"className":33,"code":127337,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127339,127340,127352],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127341,127342,127344,127346,127348,127350],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127343,126037],{"class":46},[40,127345,51],{"class":50},[40,127347,224],{"class":212},[40,127349,126934],{"class":216},[40,127351,3146],{"class":212},[40,127353,127354],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,127355,127356],{"class":3449},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127358,127359],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[31,127361,127363],{"className":33,"code":127362,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127364,127365,127377],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127366,127367,127369,127371,127373,127375],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127368,126037],{"class":46},[40,127370,51],{"class":50},[40,127372,224],{"class":212},[40,127374,126934],{"class":216},[40,127376,3146],{"class":212},[40,127378,127379,127381,127383,127385,127387,127389,127391,127393,127395,127397,127399,127401,127403,127405],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,127380,101],{"class":84},[40,127382,88],{"class":54},[40,127384,126055],{"class":91},[40,127386,289],{"class":54},[40,127388,126060],{"class":91},[40,127390,5289],{"class":54},[40,127392,213],{"class":212},[40,127394,126445],{"class":216},[40,127396,213],{"class":212},[40,127398,62],{"class":54},[40,127400,224],{"class":212},[40,127402,126392],{"class":216},[40,127404,213],{"class":212},[40,127406,2697],{"class":54},[792,127408,127410],{"id":127409},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[31,127412,127414],{"className":33,"code":127413,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127415,127416,127428],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127417,127418,127420,127422,127424,127426],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127419,126037],{"class":46},[40,127421,51],{"class":50},[40,127423,224],{"class":212},[40,127425,127022],{"class":216},[40,127427,3146],{"class":212},[40,127429,127430,127432,127434,127436,127438,127440,127442,127444,127446,127448],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,127431,101],{"class":84},[40,127433,88],{"class":54},[40,127435,126055],{"class":91},[40,127437,289],{"class":54},[40,127439,126060],{"class":91},[40,127441,88],{"class":54},[40,127443,213],{"class":212},[40,127445,126067],{"class":216},[40,127447,213],{"class":212},[40,127449,256],{"class":54},[20,127451,111],{},[31,127453,127454],{"className":33,"code":3824,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,127455,127456],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127457,127458],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127459,3824],{"class":1494},[20,127461,39016],{},[31,127463,127464],{"className":33,"code":127098,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,127465,127466,127478],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127467,127468,127470,127472,127474,127476],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127469,126037],{"class":46},[40,127471,51],{"class":50},[40,127473,224],{"class":212},[40,127475,127022],{"class":216},[40,127477,3146],{"class":212},[40,127479,127480,127482,127484,127486,127488,127490,127492,127494,127496,127498,127500,127502],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,127481,101],{"class":84},[40,127483,88],{"class":54},[40,127485,126055],{"class":91},[40,127487,289],{"class":54},[40,127489,8410],{"class":91},[40,127491,8407],{"class":54},[40,127493,126060],{"class":91},[40,127495,88],{"class":54},[40,127497,213],{"class":212},[40,127499,126067],{"class":216},[40,127501,213],{"class":212},[40,127503,256],{"class":54},[792,127505,36960,127507,8475,127509],{"id":127506},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127508,126012],{},[15,127510,1554],{},[20,127512,127513,127515],{},[15,127514,126012],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[31,127517,127519],{"className":33,"code":127518,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127520,127521,127534,127538,127560],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127522,127523,127525,127527,127529,127532],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127524,34450],{"class":46},[40,127526,51],{"class":50},[40,127528,224],{"class":212},[40,127530,127531],{"class":216},"my_report.csv.backup",[40,127533,3146],{"class":212},[40,127535,127536],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,127537,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,127539,127540,127542,127544,127546,127548,127550,127552,127554,127556,127558],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,127541,101],{"class":84},[40,127543,88],{"class":54},[40,127545,34471],{"class":91},[40,127547,289],{"class":54},[40,127549,126060],{"class":91},[40,127551,88],{"class":54},[40,127553,213],{"class":212},[40,127555,126067],{"class":216},[40,127557,213],{"class":212},[40,127559,256],{"class":54},[40,127561,127562,127564,127566,127568,127570,127572,127574,127576],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,127563,101],{"class":84},[40,127565,88],{"class":54},[40,127567,213],{"class":212},[40,127569,126067],{"class":216},[40,127571,213],{"class":212},[40,127573,20934],{"class":535},[40,127575,42593],{"class":91},[40,127577,95],{"class":54},[20,127579,111],{},[31,127581,127582],{"className":33,"code":127078,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,127583,127584,127588],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127585,127586],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127587,3824],{"class":1494},[40,127589,127590],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,127591,1495],{"class":1494},[792,127593,8223,127595,127597],{"id":127594},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127596,126012],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127599,127600,127602],{},[15,127601,126012],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[31,127604,127606],{"className":33,"code":127605,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127607,127608,127620,127642],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127609,127610,127612,127614,127616,127618],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127611,126037],{"class":46},[40,127613,51],{"class":50},[40,127615,224],{"class":212},[40,127617,126044],{"class":216},[40,127619,3146],{"class":212},[40,127621,127622,127624,127626,127628,127630,127632,127634,127636,127638,127640],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,127623,101],{"class":84},[40,127625,88],{"class":54},[40,127627,126055],{"class":91},[40,127629,289],{"class":54},[40,127631,126060],{"class":91},[40,127633,88],{"class":54},[40,127635,213],{"class":212},[40,127637,126067],{"class":216},[40,127639,213],{"class":212},[40,127641,256],{"class":54},[40,127643,127644,127646,127648,127650],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,127645,101],{"class":84},[40,127647,88],{"class":54},[40,127649,126055],{"class":91},[40,127651,95],{"class":54},[20,127653,111],{},[31,127655,127657],{"className":33,"code":127656,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127658,127659,127663],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127660,127661],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127662,1495],{"class":1494},[40,127664,127665,127668,127670],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,127666,127667],{"class":46},"report",[40,127669,289],{"class":54},[40,127671,127672],{"class":24512},"csv\n",[20,127674,127675,127676,289],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[282,127677,127678],{"href":124122},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127680,65800],{},[134,127682,127683,127686,127689,127692],{},[137,127684,127685],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[137,127687,127688],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[137,127690,127691],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[137,127693,795,127694,44382,127696,2662,127698,111151],{},[15,127695,126012],{},[15,127697,124125],{},[15,127699,41406],{},[20,127701,29896],{},[31,127703,127705],{"className":33,"code":127704,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127706,127707,127717,127731,127753,127779],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127708,127709,127711,127713,127715],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127710,101],{"class":84},[40,127712,88],{"class":54},[40,127714,34471],{"class":91},[40,127716,95],{"class":54},[40,127718,127719,127721,127723,127725,127727,127729],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,127720,101],{"class":84},[40,127722,88],{"class":54},[40,127724,41532],{"class":84},[40,127726,88],{"class":54},[40,127728,34471],{"class":91},[40,127730,256],{"class":54},[40,127732,127733,127735,127737,127739,127741,127743,127745,127747,127749,127751],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,127734,101],{"class":84},[40,127736,88],{"class":54},[40,127738,34471],{"class":91},[40,127740,289],{"class":54},[40,127742,126060],{"class":91},[40,127744,88],{"class":54},[40,127746,3087],{"class":212},[40,127748,126067],{"class":216},[40,127750,3087],{"class":212},[40,127752,256],{"class":54},[40,127754,127755,127757,127759,127761,127763,127765,127767,127769,127771,127773,127775,127777],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,127756,101],{"class":84},[40,127758,88],{"class":54},[40,127760,34471],{"class":91},[40,127762,289],{"class":54},[40,127764,8410],{"class":91},[40,127766,8407],{"class":54},[40,127768,126060],{"class":91},[40,127770,88],{"class":54},[40,127772,3087],{"class":212},[40,127774,126067],{"class":216},[40,127776,3087],{"class":212},[40,127778,256],{"class":54},[40,127780,127781,127783,127785,127787,127789,127791],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,127782,101],{"class":84},[40,127784,88],{"class":54},[40,127786,1297],{"class":609},[40,127788,88],{"class":54},[40,127790,34471],{"class":91},[40,127792,256],{"class":54},[129,127794,1636],{"id":1635},[792,127796,12474,127798,127800],{"id":127797},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127799,126012],{}," change the string?",[20,127802,127803,127804,2662,127806,289],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127805,3391],{},[15,127807,3460],{},[792,127809,4947,127811,127813],{"id":127810},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127812,126012],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127815,127816,127817,289],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127818,127819],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[792,127821,14671,127823,124290],{"id":127822},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127824,126012],{},[20,127826,127827,127828,2662,127830,127833],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127829,123684],{},[15,127831,127832],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[792,127835,4957,127837,4176,127839,2275],{"id":127836},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127838,126012],{},[15,127840,123949],{},[20,127842,127843,127845,127846,127848],{},[15,127844,126012],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127847,123949],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[129,127850,1687],{"id":1686},[134,127852,127853,127859,127865,127869,127873],{},[137,127854,127855],{},[282,127856,125954,127857,10510],{"href":127319},[15,127858,127322],{},[137,127860,127861],{},[282,127862,125954,127863,10510],{"href":123681},[15,127864,123684],{},[137,127866,127867],{},[282,127868,124353],{"href":123209},[137,127870,127871],{},[282,127872,124360],{"href":124122},[137,127874,127875],{},[282,127876,124709],{"href":50728},[1715,127878,127879],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":127881},[127882,127883,127885,127886,127891,127892,127898,127899,127900,127908,127918],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":126120,"depth":76,"text":127884},"What endswith() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":126335,"depth":76,"text":126336,"children":127887},[127888,127889,127890],{"id":126249,"depth":98,"text":126249},{"id":35831,"depth":98,"text":35831},{"id":52406,"depth":98,"text":52406},{"id":17183,"depth":76,"text":17184},{"id":126748,"depth":76,"text":126749,"children":127893},[127894,127895,127896,127897],{"id":126752,"depth":98,"text":126753},{"id":126806,"depth":98,"text":126807},{"id":126863,"depth":98,"text":126864},{"id":126917,"depth":98,"text":126918},{"id":123600,"depth":76,"text":123601},{"id":127151,"depth":76,"text":127152},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":127901},[127902,127903,127904,127906],{"id":127331,"depth":98,"text":127332},{"id":127409,"depth":98,"text":127410},{"id":127506,"depth":98,"text":127905},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127594,"depth":98,"text":127907},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":127909},[127910,127912,127914,127916],{"id":127797,"depth":98,"text":127911},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127810,"depth":98,"text":127913},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127822,"depth":98,"text":127915},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127836,"depth":98,"text":127917},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126004,"description":127919},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127926,"title":127927,"body":127928,"description":129596,"extension":1746,"meta":129597,"navigation":360,"path":129598,"seo":129599,"stem":129600,"__hash__":129601},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127929,"toc":129569},[127930,127935,127940,127945,127950,128043,128053,128058,128063,128078,128080,128162,128170,128172,128174,128201,128203,128219,128226,128228,128336,128338,128343,128359,128361,128456,128464,128467,128473,128478,128483,128490,128629,128632,128645,128647,128651,128658,128728,128731,128780,128787,128794,128808,128813,128818,128864,128910,128926,128928,128933,128947,128950,129072,129077,129079,129084,129117,129120,129196,129198,129207,129221,129224,129308,129311,129422,129425,129453,129455,129462,129466,129472,129475,129481,129484,129491,129502,129508,129515,129517,129566],[10,127931,122954,127933,11091],{"id":127932},"python-string-find-method",[15,127934,123949],{},[20,127936,122959,127937,127939],{},[15,127938,123949],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127941,127942,127943,289],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127944,65591],{},[20,127946,123,127947,127949],{},[15,127948,123949],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[31,127951,127953],{"className":33,"code":127952,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127954,127955,127967,127990,128003,128007,128030],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,127956,127957,127959,127961,127963,127965],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,127958,34450],{"class":46},[40,127960,51],{"class":50},[40,127962,224],{"class":212},[40,127964,60146],{"class":216},[40,127966,3146],{"class":212},[40,127968,127969,127971,127973,127975,127977,127980,127982,127984,127986,127988],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,127970,64659],{"class":46},[40,127972,51],{"class":50},[40,127974,42593],{"class":46},[40,127976,289],{"class":54},[40,127978,127979],{"class":91},"find",[40,127981,88],{"class":54},[40,127983,213],{"class":212},[40,127985,60331],{"class":216},[40,127987,213],{"class":212},[40,127989,95],{"class":54},[40,127991,127992,127994,127996,127998,128000],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,127993,101],{"class":84},[40,127995,88],{"class":54},[40,127997,64686],{"class":91},[40,127999,18],{"class":54},[40,128001,128002],{"class":3449},"   # 6\n",[40,128004,128005],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,128006,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,128008,128009,128012,128014,128016,128018,128020,128022,128024,128026,128028],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,128010,128011],{"class":46},"missing ",[40,128013,51],{"class":50},[40,128015,42593],{"class":46},[40,128017,289],{"class":54},[40,128019,127979],{"class":91},[40,128021,88],{"class":54},[40,128023,213],{"class":212},[40,128025,35],{"class":216},[40,128027,213],{"class":212},[40,128029,95],{"class":54},[40,128031,128032,128034,128036,128038,128040],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,128033,101],{"class":84},[40,128035,88],{"class":54},[40,128037,26534],{"class":91},[40,128039,18],{"class":54},[40,128041,128042],{"class":3449},"    # -1\n",[43332,128044,128045],{},[20,128046,123,128047,128049,128050,128052],{},[15,128048,123949],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128051,65591],{}," if the substring is not found.",[129,128054,158,128056,3466],{"id":128055},"what-find-does",[15,128057,123949],{},[20,128059,128060,128062],{},[15,128061,123949],{}," is a string method that:",[134,128064,128065,128068,128071,128076],{},[137,128066,128067],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[137,128069,128070],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[137,128072,11193,128073,128075],{},[15,128074,65591],{}," if no match is found",[137,128077,126140],{},[20,128079,195],{},[31,128081,128083],{"className":33,"code":128082,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128084,128085,128097,128101,128125,128149],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128086,128087,128089,128091,128093,128095],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128088,34450],{"class":46},[40,128090,51],{"class":50},[40,128092,224],{"class":212},[40,128094,3871],{"class":216},[40,128096,3146],{"class":212},[40,128098,128099],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,128100,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,128102,128103,128105,128107,128109,128111,128113,128115,128117,128119,128121,128123],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,128104,101],{"class":84},[40,128106,88],{"class":54},[40,128108,34471],{"class":91},[40,128110,289],{"class":54},[40,128112,127979],{"class":91},[40,128114,88],{"class":54},[40,128116,213],{"class":212},[40,128118,123047],{"class":216},[40,128120,213],{"class":212},[40,128122,5140],{"class":54},[40,128124,57388],{"class":3449},[40,128126,128127,128129,128131,128133,128135,128137,128139,128141,128143,128145,128147],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,128128,101],{"class":84},[40,128130,88],{"class":54},[40,128132,34471],{"class":91},[40,128134,289],{"class":54},[40,128136,127979],{"class":91},[40,128138,88],{"class":54},[40,128140,213],{"class":212},[40,128142,1957],{"class":216},[40,128144,213],{"class":212},[40,128146,5140],{"class":54},[40,128148,128042],{"class":3449},[40,128150,128151,128153,128155,128157,128159],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,128152,101],{"class":84},[40,128154,88],{"class":54},[40,128156,34471],{"class":91},[40,128158,18],{"class":54},[40,128160,128161],{"class":3449},"              # banana\n",[20,128163,20532,128164,128167,128168,289],{},[15,128165,128166],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128169,744],{},[129,128171,1940],{"id":1939},[20,128173,1943],{},[31,128175,128177],{"className":33,"code":128176,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128178,128179],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128180,128181,128183,128185,128187,128189,128191,128193,128195,128197,128199],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128182,60913],{"class":46},[40,128184,289],{"class":54},[40,128186,127979],{"class":91},[40,128188,88],{"class":54},[40,128190,2255],{"class":91},[40,128192,62],{"class":54},[40,128194,35810],{"class":91},[40,128196,62],{"class":54},[40,128198,64780],{"class":91},[40,128200,95],{"class":54},[792,128202,17160],{"id":17159},[134,128204,128205,128209,128214],{},[137,128206,128207,123146],{},[15,128208,2255],{},[137,128210,128211,128213],{},[15,128212,35831],{},": optional starting position",[137,128215,128216,128218],{},[15,128217,52406],{},": optional ending position",[20,128220,128221,4176,128223,128225],{},[15,128222,35831],{},[15,128224,52406],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128227,126283],{},[31,128229,128231],{"className":33,"code":128230,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128232,128233,128245,128249,128274,128303],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128234,128235,128237,128239,128241,128243],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128236,34450],{"class":46},[40,128238,51],{"class":50},[40,128240,224],{"class":212},[40,128242,60146],{"class":216},[40,128244,3146],{"class":212},[40,128246,128247],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,128248,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,128250,128251,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263,128265,128267,128269,128271],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,128252,101],{"class":84},[40,128254,88],{"class":54},[40,128256,34471],{"class":91},[40,128258,289],{"class":54},[40,128260,127979],{"class":91},[40,128262,88],{"class":54},[40,128264,213],{"class":212},[40,128266,60213],{"class":216},[40,128268,213],{"class":212},[40,128270,5140],{"class":54},[40,128272,128273],{"class":3449},"        # 4\n",[40,128275,128276,128278,128280,128282,128284,128286,128288,128290,128292,128294,128296,128298,128300],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,128277,101],{"class":84},[40,128279,88],{"class":54},[40,128281,34471],{"class":91},[40,128283,289],{"class":54},[40,128285,127979],{"class":91},[40,128287,88],{"class":54},[40,128289,213],{"class":212},[40,128291,60213],{"class":216},[40,128293,213],{"class":212},[40,128295,62],{"class":54},[40,128297,4387],{"class":58},[40,128299,5140],{"class":54},[40,128301,128302],{"class":3449},"     # 7\n",[40,128304,128305,128307,128309,128311,128313,128315,128317,128319,128321,128323,128325,128327,128329,128331,128333],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,128306,101],{"class":84},[40,128308,88],{"class":54},[40,128310,34471],{"class":91},[40,128312,289],{"class":54},[40,128314,127979],{"class":91},[40,128316,88],{"class":54},[40,128318,213],{"class":212},[40,128320,60213],{"class":216},[40,128322,213],{"class":212},[40,128324,62],{"class":54},[40,128326,4387],{"class":58},[40,128328,62],{"class":54},[40,128330,5770],{"class":58},[40,128332,5140],{"class":54},[40,128334,128335],{"class":3449},"  # -1\n",[129,128337,37776],{"id":37775},[20,128339,57287,128340,128342],{},[15,128341,123949],{}," is always an integer.",[134,128344,128345,128351,128354],{},[137,128346,128347,128348,128350],{},"A number ",[15,128349,192],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[137,128352,128353],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[137,128355,128356,128358],{},[15,128357,65591],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128360,195],{},[31,128362,128364],{"className":33,"code":128363,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128365,128366,128378,128382,128407,128432],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128367,128368,128370,128372,128374,128376],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128369,34450],{"class":46},[40,128371,51],{"class":50},[40,128373,224],{"class":212},[40,128375,35],{"class":216},[40,128377,3146],{"class":212},[40,128379,128380],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,128381,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,128383,128384,128386,128388,128390,128392,128394,128396,128398,128401,128403,128405],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,128385,101],{"class":84},[40,128387,88],{"class":54},[40,128389,34471],{"class":91},[40,128391,289],{"class":54},[40,128393,127979],{"class":91},[40,128395,88],{"class":54},[40,128397,213],{"class":212},[40,128399,128400],{"class":216},"py",[40,128402,213],{"class":212},[40,128404,5140],{"class":54},[40,128406,20529],{"class":3449},[40,128408,128409,128411,128413,128415,128417,128419,128421,128423,128426,128428,128430],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,128410,101],{"class":84},[40,128412,88],{"class":54},[40,128414,34471],{"class":91},[40,128416,289],{"class":54},[40,128418,127979],{"class":91},[40,128420,88],{"class":54},[40,128422,213],{"class":212},[40,128424,128425],{"class":216},"th",[40,128427,213],{"class":212},[40,128429,5140],{"class":54},[40,128431,57388],{"class":3449},[40,128433,128434,128436,128438,128440,128442,128444,128446,128448,128450,128452,128454],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,128435,101],{"class":84},[40,128437,88],{"class":54},[40,128439,34471],{"class":91},[40,128441,289],{"class":54},[40,128443,127979],{"class":91},[40,128445,88],{"class":54},[40,128447,213],{"class":212},[40,128449,21838],{"class":216},[40,128451,213],{"class":212},[40,128453,5140],{"class":54},[40,128455,128042],{"class":3449},[20,128457,89509,128458,8226,128460,2662,128462,289],{},[15,128459,123949],{},[15,128461,3391],{},[15,128463,3460],{},[20,128465,128466],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[129,128468,795,128469,4176,128471],{"id":65144},[15,128470,35831],{},[15,128472,52406],{},[20,128474,123,128475,128477],{},[15,128476,35831],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128479,123,128480,128482],{},[15,128481,52406],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128484,606,128485,75061,128487,128489],{},[15,128486,52406],{},[183,128488,64809],{}," in the search.",[31,128491,128493],{"className":33,"code":128492,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128494,128495,128508,128512,128536,128565,128597],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128496,128497,128499,128501,128503,128506],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128498,34450],{"class":46},[40,128500,51],{"class":50},[40,128502,224],{"class":212},[40,128504,128505],{"class":216},"one two three two",[40,128507,3146],{"class":212},[40,128509,128510],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,128511,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,128513,128514,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524,128526,128528,128530,128532,128534],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,128515,101],{"class":84},[40,128517,88],{"class":54},[40,128519,34471],{"class":91},[40,128521,289],{"class":54},[40,128523,127979],{"class":91},[40,128525,88],{"class":54},[40,128527,213],{"class":212},[40,128529,78870],{"class":216},[40,128531,213],{"class":212},[40,128533,5140],{"class":54},[40,128535,128273],{"class":3449},[40,128537,128538,128540,128542,128544,128546,128548,128550,128552,128554,128556,128558,128560,128562],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,128539,101],{"class":84},[40,128541,88],{"class":54},[40,128543,34471],{"class":91},[40,128545,289],{"class":54},[40,128547,127979],{"class":91},[40,128549,88],{"class":54},[40,128551,213],{"class":212},[40,128553,78870],{"class":216},[40,128555,213],{"class":212},[40,128557,62],{"class":54},[40,128559,4387],{"class":58},[40,128561,5140],{"class":54},[40,128563,128564],{"class":3449},"     # 14\n",[40,128566,128567,128569,128571,128573,128575,128577,128579,128581,128583,128585,128587,128589,128591,128593,128595],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,128568,101],{"class":84},[40,128570,88],{"class":54},[40,128572,34471],{"class":91},[40,128574,289],{"class":54},[40,128576,127979],{"class":91},[40,128578,88],{"class":54},[40,128580,213],{"class":212},[40,128582,78870],{"class":216},[40,128584,213],{"class":212},[40,128586,62],{"class":54},[40,128588,550],{"class":58},[40,128590,62],{"class":54},[40,128592,5770],{"class":58},[40,128594,5140],{"class":54},[40,128596,50688],{"class":3449},[40,128598,128599,128601,128603,128605,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621,128623,128625,128627],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,128600,101],{"class":84},[40,128602,88],{"class":54},[40,128604,34471],{"class":91},[40,128606,289],{"class":54},[40,128608,127979],{"class":91},[40,128610,88],{"class":54},[40,128612,213],{"class":212},[40,128614,78870],{"class":216},[40,128616,213],{"class":212},[40,128618,62],{"class":54},[40,128620,550],{"class":58},[40,128622,62],{"class":54},[40,128624,675],{"class":58},[40,128626,5140],{"class":54},[40,128628,128335],{"class":3449},[20,128630,128631],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128633,128634,128635,54812,128639,289],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[282,128636,128638],{"href":128637},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[282,128640,128642,128644],{"href":128641},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128643,60271],{}," string method",[129,128646,123601],{"id":123600},[20,128648,128649,123412],{},[15,128650,123949],{},[20,128652,126999,128653,4176,128655,128657],{},[15,128654,90017],{},[15,128656,64274],{}," are treated as different text.",[31,128659,128661],{"className":33,"code":128660,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128662,128663,128676,128680,128704],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128664,128665,128667,128669,128671,128674],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128666,34450],{"class":46},[40,128668,51],{"class":50},[40,128670,224],{"class":212},[40,128672,128673],{"class":216},"Hello World",[40,128675,3146],{"class":212},[40,128677,128678],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,128679,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,128681,128682,128684,128686,128688,128690,128692,128694,128696,128698,128700,128702],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,128683,101],{"class":84},[40,128685,88],{"class":54},[40,128687,34471],{"class":91},[40,128689,289],{"class":54},[40,128691,127979],{"class":91},[40,128693,88],{"class":54},[40,128695,213],{"class":212},[40,128697,34630],{"class":216},[40,128699,213],{"class":212},[40,128701,5140],{"class":54},[40,128703,50999],{"class":3449},[40,128705,128706,128708,128710,128712,128714,128716,128718,128720,128722,128724,128726],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,128707,101],{"class":84},[40,128709,88],{"class":54},[40,128711,34471],{"class":91},[40,128713,289],{"class":54},[40,128715,127979],{"class":91},[40,128717,88],{"class":54},[40,128719,213],{"class":212},[40,128721,3632],{"class":216},[40,128723,213],{"class":212},[40,128725,5140],{"class":54},[40,128727,128335],{"class":3449},[20,128729,128730],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[31,128732,128734],{"className":33,"code":128733,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128735,128736,128748,128752],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128737,128738,128740,128742,128744,128746],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128739,34450],{"class":46},[40,128741,51],{"class":50},[40,128743,224],{"class":212},[40,128745,128673],{"class":216},[40,128747,3146],{"class":212},[40,128749,128750],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,128751,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,128753,128754,128756,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774,128776,128778],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,128755,101],{"class":84},[40,128757,88],{"class":54},[40,128759,34471],{"class":91},[40,128761,289],{"class":54},[40,128763,8410],{"class":91},[40,128765,8407],{"class":54},[40,128767,127979],{"class":91},[40,128769,88],{"class":54},[40,128771,213],{"class":212},[40,128773,3632],{"class":216},[40,128775,213],{"class":212},[40,128777,5140],{"class":54},[40,128779,50999],{"class":3449},[129,128781,128783,10355,128785],{"id":128782},"find-vs-index",[15,128784,123949],{},[15,128786,58710],{},[20,128788,128789,4176,128791,128793],{},[15,128790,123949],{},[15,128792,58710],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[134,128795,128796,128802],{},[137,128797,128798,398,128800],{},[15,128799,123949],{},[15,128801,65591],{},[137,128803,128804,52242,128806],{},[15,128805,58710],{},[15,128807,40459],{},[20,128809,123,128810,128812],{},[15,128811,123949],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128814,123,128815,128817],{},[15,128816,58710],{}," when the value must exist.",[31,128819,128821],{"className":33,"code":128820,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128822,128823,128835,128839],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128824,128825,128827,128829,128831,128833],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128826,34450],{"class":46},[40,128828,51],{"class":50},[40,128830,224],{"class":212},[40,128832,3632],{"class":216},[40,128834,3146],{"class":212},[40,128836,128837],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,128838,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,128840,128841,128843,128845,128847,128849,128851,128853,128855,128857,128859,128861],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,128842,101],{"class":84},[40,128844,88],{"class":54},[40,128846,34471],{"class":91},[40,128848,289],{"class":54},[40,128850,127979],{"class":91},[40,128852,88],{"class":54},[40,128854,213],{"class":212},[40,128856,1957],{"class":216},[40,128858,213],{"class":212},[40,128860,5140],{"class":54},[40,128862,128863],{"class":3449},"   # -1\n",[31,128865,128867],{"className":33,"code":128866,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128868,128869,128881,128885],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128870,128871,128873,128875,128877,128879],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128872,34450],{"class":46},[40,128874,51],{"class":50},[40,128876,224],{"class":212},[40,128878,3632],{"class":216},[40,128880,3146],{"class":212},[40,128882,128883],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,128884,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,128886,128887,128889,128891,128893,128895,128897,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,128888,101],{"class":84},[40,128890,88],{"class":54},[40,128892,34471],{"class":91},[40,128894,289],{"class":54},[40,128896,35610],{"class":91},[40,128898,88],{"class":54},[40,128900,213],{"class":212},[40,128902,1957],{"class":216},[40,128904,213],{"class":212},[40,128906,5140],{"class":54},[40,128908,128909],{"class":3449},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128911,128912,128913,128917,128918,128920,128921,289],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[282,128914,128915,128644],{"href":123974},[15,128916,58710],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128919,58710],{},", read ",[282,128922,25442,128923],{"href":73081},[15,128924,128925],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[129,128927,40800],{"id":40799},[20,128929,35169,128930,128932],{},[15,128931,123949],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[134,128934,128935,128938,128941,128944],{},[137,128936,128937],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[137,128939,128940],{},"Get the position of a word",[137,128942,128943],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[137,128945,128946],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128948,128949],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[31,128951,128953],{"className":33,"code":128952,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128954,128955,128968,128991,128995,129010,129026,129045,129059],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,128956,128957,128959,128961,128963,128966],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,128958,34450],{"class":46},[40,128960,51],{"class":50},[40,128962,224],{"class":212},[40,128964,128965],{"class":216},"name:Alice",[40,128967,3146],{"class":212},[40,128969,128970,128973,128975,128977,128979,128981,128983,128985,128987,128989],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,128971,128972],{"class":46},"colon_pos ",[40,128974,51],{"class":50},[40,128976,42593],{"class":46},[40,128978,289],{"class":54},[40,128980,127979],{"class":91},[40,128982,88],{"class":54},[40,128984,213],{"class":212},[40,128986,2669],{"class":216},[40,128988,213],{"class":212},[40,128990,95],{"class":54},[40,128992,128993],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,128994,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,128996,128997,128999,129002,129004,129006,129008],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,128998,536],{"class":535},[40,129000,129001],{"class":46}," colon_pos ",[40,129003,72191],{"class":50},[40,129005,1223],{"class":50},[40,129007,658],{"class":58},[40,129009,553],{"class":54},[40,129011,129012,129015,129017,129019,129021,129024],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,129013,129014],{"class":46},"    label ",[40,129016,51],{"class":50},[40,129018,42593],{"class":46},[40,129020,75134],{"class":54},[40,129022,129023],{"class":46},"colon_pos",[40,129025,73],{"class":54},[40,129027,129028,129030,129032,129034,129036,129038,129040,129042],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,129029,27162],{"class":46},[40,129031,51],{"class":50},[40,129033,42593],{"class":46},[40,129035,565],{"class":54},[40,129037,128972],{"class":46},[40,129039,1843],{"class":50},[40,129041,1226],{"class":58},[40,129043,129044],{"class":54},":]\n",[40,129046,129047,129049,129051,129054,129056],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,129048,558],{"class":84},[40,129050,88],{"class":54},[40,129052,129053],{"class":91},"label",[40,129055,18],{"class":54},[40,129057,129058],{"class":3449},"  # name\n",[40,129060,129061,129063,129065,129067,129069],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,129062,558],{"class":84},[40,129064,88],{"class":54},[40,129066,2255],{"class":91},[40,129068,18],{"class":54},[40,129070,129071],{"class":3449},"  # Alice\n",[20,129073,129074,129075,289],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[282,129076,126990],{"href":123209},[129,129078,2613],{"id":2612},[20,129080,129081,129082,2669],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129083,123949],{},[134,129085,129086,129095,129101,129106,129112],{},[137,129087,8223,129088,8226,129090,2662,129092,129094],{},[15,129089,123949],{},[15,129091,3391],{},[15,129093,3460],{}," instead of an index",[137,129096,129097,129098,129100],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129099,65591],{}," when the substring is missing",[137,129102,795,129103,129105],{},[15,129104,123949],{}," without handling case differences",[137,129107,36960,129108,8475,129110],{},[15,129109,123949],{},[15,129111,58710],{},[137,129113,4361,129114,129116],{},[15,129115,123949],{}," changes the string",[20,129118,129119],{},"Example of a mistake:",[31,129121,129123],{"className":33,"code":129122,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129124,129125,129137,129141,129161,129176,129182],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129126,129127,129129,129131,129133,129135],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129128,34450],{"class":46},[40,129130,51],{"class":50},[40,129132,224],{"class":212},[40,129134,3632],{"class":216},[40,129136,3146],{"class":212},[40,129138,129139],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,129140,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,129142,129143,129145,129147,129149,129151,129153,129155,129157,129159],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,129144,536],{"class":535},[40,129146,42593],{"class":46},[40,129148,289],{"class":54},[40,129150,127979],{"class":91},[40,129152,88],{"class":54},[40,129154,213],{"class":212},[40,129156,60178],{"class":216},[40,129158,213],{"class":212},[40,129160,8112],{"class":54},[40,129162,129163,129165,129167,129169,129172,129174],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,129164,558],{"class":84},[40,129166,88],{"class":54},[40,129168,213],{"class":212},[40,129170,129171],{"class":216},"Found",[40,129173,213],{"class":212},[40,129175,95],{"class":54},[40,129177,129178,129180],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,129179,576],{"class":535},[40,129181,553],{"class":54},[40,129183,129184,129186,129188,129190,129192,129194],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,129185,558],{"class":84},[40,129187,88],{"class":54},[40,129189,213],{"class":212},[40,129191,26076],{"class":216},[40,129193,213],{"class":212},[40,129195,95],{"class":54},[20,129197,99515],{},[31,129199,129201],{"className":33,"code":129200,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Not found\n",[15,129202,129203],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129204,129205],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129206,129200],{"class":46},[20,129208,45456,129209,129212,129213,16837,129215,129217,129218,129220],{},[15,129210,129211],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129214,192],{},[15,129216,192],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129219,536],{}," statement.",[20,129222,129223],{},"A safer version is:",[31,129225,129227],{"className":33,"code":129226,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129228,129229,129241,129245,129274,129288,129294],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129230,129231,129233,129235,129237,129239],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129232,34450],{"class":46},[40,129234,51],{"class":50},[40,129236,224],{"class":212},[40,129238,3632],{"class":216},[40,129240,3146],{"class":212},[40,129242,129243],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,129244,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,129246,129247,129249,129251,129253,129255,129257,129259,129261,129263,129265,129268,129270,129272],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,129248,536],{"class":535},[40,129250,42593],{"class":46},[40,129252,289],{"class":54},[40,129254,127979],{"class":91},[40,129256,88],{"class":54},[40,129258,213],{"class":212},[40,129260,60178],{"class":216},[40,129262,213],{"class":212},[40,129264,18],{"class":54},[40,129266,129267],{"class":50}," !=",[40,129269,1223],{"class":50},[40,129271,658],{"class":58},[40,129273,553],{"class":54},[40,129275,129276,129278,129280,129282,129284,129286],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,129277,558],{"class":84},[40,129279,88],{"class":54},[40,129281,213],{"class":212},[40,129283,129171],{"class":216},[40,129285,213],{"class":212},[40,129287,95],{"class":54},[40,129289,129290,129292],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,129291,576],{"class":535},[40,129293,553],{"class":54},[40,129295,129296,129298,129300,129302,129304,129306],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,129297,558],{"class":84},[40,129299,88],{"class":54},[40,129301,213],{"class":212},[40,129303,26076],{"class":216},[40,129305,213],{"class":212},[40,129307,95],{"class":54},[20,129309,129310],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[31,129312,129314],{"className":33,"code":129313,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129315,129316,129338,129352,129378,129392],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129317,129318,129320,129322,129324,129326,129328,129330,129332,129334,129336],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129319,101],{"class":84},[40,129321,88],{"class":54},[40,129323,34471],{"class":91},[40,129325,289],{"class":54},[40,129327,127979],{"class":91},[40,129329,88],{"class":54},[40,129331,3087],{"class":212},[40,129333,38146],{"class":216},[40,129335,3087],{"class":212},[40,129337,256],{"class":54},[40,129339,129340,129342,129344,129346,129348,129350],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,129341,101],{"class":84},[40,129343,88],{"class":54},[40,129345,41532],{"class":84},[40,129347,88],{"class":54},[40,129349,34471],{"class":91},[40,129351,256],{"class":54},[40,129353,129354,129356,129358,129360,129362,129364,129366,129368,129370,129372,129374,129376],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,129355,101],{"class":84},[40,129357,88],{"class":54},[40,129359,34471],{"class":91},[40,129361,289],{"class":54},[40,129363,8410],{"class":91},[40,129365,8407],{"class":54},[40,129367,127979],{"class":91},[40,129369,88],{"class":54},[40,129371,3087],{"class":212},[40,129373,38146],{"class":216},[40,129375,3087],{"class":212},[40,129377,256],{"class":54},[40,129379,129380,129382,129384,129386,129388,129390],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,129381,101],{"class":84},[40,129383,88],{"class":54},[40,129385,17],{"class":84},[40,129387,88],{"class":54},[40,129389,34471],{"class":91},[40,129391,256],{"class":54},[40,129393,129394,129396,129398,129400,129402,129404,129406,129408,129410,129412,129414,129416,129418,129420],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,129395,101],{"class":84},[40,129397,88],{"class":54},[40,129399,34471],{"class":91},[40,129401,289],{"class":54},[40,129403,127979],{"class":91},[40,129405,88],{"class":54},[40,129407,3087],{"class":212},[40,129409,38146],{"class":216},[40,129411,3087],{"class":212},[40,129413,62],{"class":54},[40,129415,35810],{"class":91},[40,129417,62],{"class":54},[40,129419,64780],{"class":91},[40,129421,256],{"class":54},[20,129423,129424],{},"These help you check:",[134,129426,129427,129432,129437,129442,129445],{},[137,129428,129429,129430],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129431,123949],{},[137,129433,129434,129435],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129436,122168],{},[137,129438,129439,129440],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129441,123684],{},[137,129443,129444],{},"The string length",[137,129446,129447,129448,4176,129450,129452],{},"Whether your ",[15,129449,35831],{},[15,129451,52406],{}," values are correct",[129,129454,1636],{"id":1635},[792,129456,129458,129459,129461],{"id":129457},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129460,123949],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129463,1657,129464,289],{},[15,129465,65591],{},[792,129467,12474,129469,129471],{"id":129468},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129470,123949],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129473,129474],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[792,129476,129478,129479,124290],{"id":129477},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129480,123949],{},[20,129482,129483],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[792,129485,4957,129487,4176,129489,1674],{"id":129486},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129488,123949],{},[15,129490,58710],{},[20,129492,129493,398,129495,129497,129498,52242,129500,289],{},[15,129494,123949],{},[15,129496,65591],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129499,58710],{},[15,129501,40459],{},[792,129503,1671,129505,129507],{"id":129504},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129506,123949],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129509,129510,129511,4176,129513,65890],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129512,35831],{},[15,129514,52406],{},[129,129516,1687],{"id":1686},[134,129518,129519,129525,129531,129538,129544,129551,129555,129560],{},[137,129520,129521],{},[282,129522,125954,129523,10510],{"href":123974},[15,129524,58710],{},[137,129526,129527],{},[282,129528,125954,129529,10510],{"href":128641},[15,129530,60271],{},[137,129532,129533],{},[282,129534,125954,129536,10510],{"href":129535},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129537,124125],{},[137,129539,129540],{},[282,129541,125954,129542,10510],{"href":127319},[15,129543,127322],{},[137,129545,129546],{},[282,129547,125954,129549,10510],{"href":129548},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129550,126012],{},[137,129552,129553],{},[282,129554,124353],{"href":123209},[137,129556,129557],{},[282,129558,129559],{"href":128637},"How to split a string in Python",[137,129561,129562],{},[282,129563,25883,129564],{"href":73081},[15,129565,128925],{},[1715,129567,129568],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":129570},[129571,129573,129576,129577,129578,129579,129581,129582,129583,129595],{"id":128055,"depth":76,"text":129572},"What find() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940,"children":129574},[129575],{"id":17159,"depth":98,"text":17160},{"id":37775,"depth":76,"text":37776},{"id":65144,"depth":76,"text":65926},{"id":123600,"depth":76,"text":123601},{"id":128782,"depth":76,"text":129580},"find() vs index()",{"id":40799,"depth":76,"text":40800},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":129584},[129585,129587,129589,129591,129593],{"id":129457,"depth":98,"text":129586},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129468,"depth":98,"text":129588},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129477,"depth":98,"text":129590},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129486,"depth":98,"text":129592},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129504,"depth":98,"text":129594},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127927,"description":129596},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129603,"title":129604,"body":129605,"description":131531,"extension":1746,"meta":131532,"navigation":360,"path":131533,"seo":131534,"stem":131535,"__hash__":131536},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129606,"toc":131499},[129607,129612,129617,129620,129622,129698,129702,129730,129738,129742,129747,129751,129768,129770,129837,129841,129863,129871,129873,129876,129900,129903,129917,129919,130004,130008,130020,130023,130027,130033,130083,130087,130104,130113,130116,130124,130127,130176,130180,130205,130208,130263,130267,130279,130285,130289,130295,130300,130367,130371,130397,130400,130411,130413,130480,130484,130509,130516,130520,130525,130532,130540,130542,130594,130598,130616,130618,130663,130667,130682,130685,130695,130702,130704,130708,130711,130722,130724,130784,130788,130816,130819,130825,130830,130833,130837,130881,130884,130922,130925,130933,130935,130940,130944,130947,130995,130998,131001,131057,131061,131066,131069,131118,131120,131169,131175,131180,131182,131229,131233,131246,131248,131299,131305,131308,131312,131315,131321,131326,131328,131331,131403,131406,131423,131425,131430,131433,131437,131443,131449,131456,131462,131468,131470,131496],[10,129608,122954,129610,11091],{"id":129609},"python-string-format-method",[15,129611,125957],{},[20,129613,122959,129614,129616],{},[15,129615,125957],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129618,129619],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[129,129621,1787],{"id":1786},[31,129623,129625],{"className":33,"code":129624,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129626,129627,129639,129647,129651,129688],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129628,129629,129631,129633,129635,129637],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129630,7651],{"class":46},[40,129632,51],{"class":50},[40,129634,224],{"class":212},[40,129636,11279],{"class":216},[40,129638,3146],{"class":212},[40,129640,129641,129643,129645],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,129642,21389],{"class":46},[40,129644,51],{"class":50},[40,129646,88398],{"class":58},[40,129648,129649],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,129650,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,129652,129653,129655,129657,129659,129662,129664,129667,129669,129671,129673,129675,129678,129680,129682,129684,129686],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,129654,89606],{"class":46},[40,129656,51],{"class":50},[40,129658,224],{"class":212},[40,129660,129661],{"class":216},"My name is ",[40,129663,3579],{"class":58},[40,129665,129666],{"class":216}," and I am ",[40,129668,3579],{"class":58},[40,129670,121950],{"class":216},[40,129672,213],{"class":212},[40,129674,289],{"class":54},[40,129676,129677],{"class":91},"format",[40,129679,88],{"class":54},[40,129681,7446],{"class":91},[40,129683,62],{"class":54},[40,129685,8959],{"class":91},[40,129687,95],{"class":54},[40,129689,129690,129692,129694,129696],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,129691,101],{"class":84},[40,129693,88],{"class":54},[40,129695,89623],{"class":91},[40,129697,95],{"class":54},[20,129699,129700],{},[183,129701,111],{},[31,129703,129705],{"className":33,"code":129704,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129706,129707],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129708,129709,129712,129714,129717,129720,129723,129726,129728],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129710,129711],{"class":46},"My name ",[40,129713,11963],{"class":50},[40,129715,129716],{"class":46}," Maya ",[40,129718,129719],{"class":50},"and",[40,129721,129722],{"class":46}," I am ",[40,129724,129725],{"class":58},"12",[40,129727,121983],{"class":46},[40,129729,121986],{"class":54},[20,129731,123,129732,129734,129735,129737],{},[15,129733,3579],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129736,125957],{}," in the same order.",[20,129739,124706,129740,289],{},[282,129741,124709],{"href":50728},[129,129743,12765,129745,12768],{"id":129744},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129746,125957],{},[20,129748,606,129749,11182],{},[15,129750,125957],{},[134,129752,129753,129756,129762,129765],{},[137,129754,129755],{},"inserts values into a string",[137,129757,129758,129759,129761],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129760,3579],{}," with given values",[137,129763,129764],{},"returns a new string",[137,129766,129767],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129769,195],{},[31,129771,129773],{"className":33,"code":129772,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129774,129775,129789,129812,129816,129827],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129776,129777,129779,129781,129783,129785,129787],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129778,34450],{"class":46},[40,129780,51],{"class":50},[40,129782,224],{"class":212},[40,129784,44654],{"class":216},[40,129786,3579],{"class":58},[40,129788,3146],{"class":212},[40,129790,129791,129794,129796,129798,129800,129802,129804,129806,129808,129810],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,129792,129793],{"class":46},"new_text ",[40,129795,51],{"class":50},[40,129797,42593],{"class":46},[40,129799,289],{"class":54},[40,129801,129677],{"class":91},[40,129803,88],{"class":54},[40,129805,213],{"class":212},[40,129807,7455],{"class":216},[40,129809,213],{"class":212},[40,129811,95],{"class":54},[40,129813,129814],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,129815,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,129817,129818,129820,129822,129825],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,129819,101],{"class":84},[40,129821,88],{"class":54},[40,129823,129824],{"class":91},"new_text",[40,129826,95],{"class":54},[40,129828,129829,129831,129833,129835],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,129830,101],{"class":84},[40,129832,88],{"class":54},[40,129834,34471],{"class":91},[40,129836,95],{"class":54},[20,129838,129839],{},[183,129840,111],{},[31,129842,129844],{"className":33,"code":129843,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129845,129846,129855],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129847,129848,129850,129852],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129849,34630],{"class":46},[40,129851,62],{"class":54},[40,129853,129854],{"class":46}," Sam\n",[40,129856,129857,129859,129861],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,129858,34630],{"class":46},[40,129860,62],{"class":54},[40,129862,9607],{"class":54},[20,129864,2070,129865,129867,129868,129870],{},[15,129866,34471],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129869,125957],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[129,129872,1940],{"id":1939},[20,129874,129875],{},"The general form is:",[31,129877,129879],{"className":33,"code":129878,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129880,129881],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129882,129883,129885,129888,129890,129892,129894,129896,129898],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129884,213],{"class":43080},[40,129886,129887],{"class":43084},"text {}",[40,129889,213],{"class":43080},[40,129891,289],{"class":54},[40,129893,129677],{"class":91},[40,129895,88],{"class":54},[40,129897,2255],{"class":91},[40,129899,95],{"class":54},[20,129901,129902],{},"Key idea:",[134,129904,129905,129911,129914],{},[137,129906,129907,129908,129910],{},"each ",[15,129909,3579],{}," is a placeholder",[137,129912,129913],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[137,129915,129916],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129918,195],{},[31,129920,129922],{"className":33,"code":129921,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129923,129924,129937,129951,129955,129993],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,129925,129926,129929,129931,129933,129935],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,129927,129928],{"class":46},"animal ",[40,129930,51],{"class":50},[40,129932,224],{"class":212},[40,129934,217],{"class":216},[40,129936,3146],{"class":212},[40,129938,129939,129942,129944,129946,129949],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,129940,129941],{"class":46},"sound ",[40,129943,51],{"class":50},[40,129945,224],{"class":212},[40,129947,129948],{"class":216},"meow",[40,129950,3146],{"class":212},[40,129952,129953],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,129954,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,129956,129957,129960,129962,129964,129966,129968,129971,129973,129975,129977,129979,129981,129983,129986,129988,129991],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,129958,129959],{"class":46},"sentence ",[40,129961,51],{"class":50},[40,129963,224],{"class":212},[40,129965,606],{"class":216},[40,129967,3579],{"class":58},[40,129969,129970],{"class":216}," says ",[40,129972,3579],{"class":58},[40,129974,289],{"class":216},[40,129976,213],{"class":212},[40,129978,289],{"class":54},[40,129980,129677],{"class":91},[40,129982,88],{"class":54},[40,129984,129985],{"class":91},"animal",[40,129987,62],{"class":54},[40,129989,129990],{"class":91}," sound",[40,129992,95],{"class":54},[40,129994,129995,129997,129999,130002],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,129996,101],{"class":84},[40,129998,88],{"class":54},[40,130000,130001],{"class":91},"sentence",[40,130003,95],{"class":54},[20,130005,130006],{},[183,130007,111],{},[31,130009,130011],{"className":33,"code":130010,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130012,130013],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130014,130015,130018],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130016,130017],{"class":46},"The cat says meow",[40,130019,121986],{"class":54},[20,130021,130022],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[129,130024,130026],{"id":130025},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130028,130029,130030,130032],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130031,3579],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[31,130034,130036],{"className":33,"code":130035,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130037,130038],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130039,130040,130042,130044,130046,130049,130051,130053,130055,130057,130059,130061,130063,130065,130067,130070,130072,130074,130076,130079,130081],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130041,101],{"class":84},[40,130043,88],{"class":54},[40,130045,213],{"class":212},[40,130047,130048],{"class":216},"I like ",[40,130050,3579],{"class":58},[40,130052,4176],{"class":216},[40,130054,3579],{"class":58},[40,130056,289],{"class":216},[40,130058,213],{"class":212},[40,130060,289],{"class":54},[40,130062,129677],{"class":91},[40,130064,88],{"class":54},[40,130066,213],{"class":212},[40,130068,130069],{"class":216},"pizza",[40,130071,213],{"class":212},[40,130073,62],{"class":54},[40,130075,224],{"class":212},[40,130077,130078],{"class":216},"pasta",[40,130080,213],{"class":212},[40,130082,256],{"class":54},[20,130084,130085],{},[183,130086,111],{},[31,130088,130090],{"className":33,"code":130089,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130091,130092],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130093,130094,130097,130099,130102],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130095,130096],{"class":46},"I like pizza ",[40,130098,129719],{"class":50},[40,130100,130101],{"class":46}," pasta",[40,130103,121986],{"class":54},[20,130105,130106,130107,4176,130110,289],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130108,130109],{},"{0}",[15,130111,130112],{},"{1}",[20,130114,130115],{},"This is helpful when:",[134,130117,130118,130121],{},[137,130119,130120],{},"you want to reuse a value",[137,130122,130123],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130125,130126],{},"Example with reused values:",[31,130128,130130],{"className":33,"code":130129,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130131,130132,130166],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130133,130134,130136,130138,130140,130142,130145,130147,130150,130152,130154,130156,130158,130160,130162,130164],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130135,34450],{"class":46},[40,130137,51],{"class":50},[40,130139,224],{"class":212},[40,130141,130109],{"class":58},[40,130143,130144],{"class":216}," is learning Python. ",[40,130146,130109],{"class":58},[40,130148,130149],{"class":216}," likes coding.",[40,130151,213],{"class":212},[40,130153,289],{"class":54},[40,130155,129677],{"class":91},[40,130157,88],{"class":54},[40,130159,213],{"class":212},[40,130161,19643],{"class":216},[40,130163,213],{"class":212},[40,130165,95],{"class":54},[40,130167,130168,130170,130172,130174],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,130169,101],{"class":84},[40,130171,88],{"class":54},[40,130173,34471],{"class":91},[40,130175,95],{"class":54},[20,130177,130178],{},[183,130179,111],{},[31,130181,130183],{"className":33,"code":130182,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130184,130185],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130186,130187,130190,130192,130195,130197,130200,130203],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130188,130189],{"class":46},"Lina ",[40,130191,11963],{"class":50},[40,130193,130194],{"class":46}," learning Python",[40,130196,289],{"class":54},[40,130198,130199],{"class":24512}," Lina",[40,130201,130202],{"class":46}," likes coding",[40,130204,121986],{"class":54},[20,130206,130207],{},"Example with changed order:",[31,130209,130211],{"className":33,"code":130210,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130212,130213,130253],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130214,130215,130217,130219,130221,130223,130225,130227,130229,130231,130233,130235,130237,130239,130241,130243,130245,130247,130249,130251],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130216,34450],{"class":46},[40,130218,51],{"class":50},[40,130220,224],{"class":212},[40,130222,130112],{"class":58},[40,130224,82925],{"class":216},[40,130226,130109],{"class":58},[40,130228,289],{"class":216},[40,130230,213],{"class":212},[40,130232,289],{"class":54},[40,130234,129677],{"class":91},[40,130236,88],{"class":54},[40,130238,213],{"class":212},[40,130240,6363],{"class":216},[40,130242,213],{"class":212},[40,130244,62],{"class":54},[40,130246,224],{"class":212},[40,130248,78870],{"class":216},[40,130250,213],{"class":212},[40,130252,95],{"class":54},[40,130254,130255,130257,130259,130261],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,130256,101],{"class":84},[40,130258,88],{"class":54},[40,130260,34471],{"class":91},[40,130262,95],{"class":54},[20,130264,130265],{},[183,130266,111],{},[31,130268,130270],{"className":33,"code":130269,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130271,130272],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130273,130274,130277],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130275,130276],{"class":46},"two comes after one",[40,130278,121986],{"class":54},[20,130280,130281,130282,130284],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130283,3579],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[129,130286,130288],{"id":130287},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130290,130291,130292,289],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130293,130294],{},"{name}",[20,130296,130297,130298,2669],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130299,125957],{},[31,130301,130303],{"className":33,"code":130302,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130304,130305,130357],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130306,130307,130309,130311,130313,130315,130317,130320,130323,130325,130327,130329,130331,130333,130335,130337,130339,130341,130343,130345,130347,130349,130351,130353,130355],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130308,34450],{"class":46},[40,130310,51],{"class":50},[40,130312,224],{"class":212},[40,130314,129661],{"class":216},[40,130316,130294],{"class":58},[40,130318,130319],{"class":216}," and I live in ",[40,130321,130322],{"class":58},"{city}",[40,130324,289],{"class":216},[40,130326,213],{"class":212},[40,130328,289],{"class":54},[40,130330,129677],{"class":91},[40,130332,88],{"class":54},[40,130334,7446],{"class":8946},[40,130336,51],{"class":50},[40,130338,213],{"class":212},[40,130340,1517],{"class":216},[40,130342,213],{"class":212},[40,130344,62],{"class":54},[40,130346,31145],{"class":8946},[40,130348,51],{"class":50},[40,130350,213],{"class":212},[40,130352,15798],{"class":216},[40,130354,213],{"class":212},[40,130356,95],{"class":54},[40,130358,130359,130361,130363,130365],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,130360,101],{"class":84},[40,130362,88],{"class":54},[40,130364,34471],{"class":91},[40,130366,95],{"class":54},[20,130368,130369],{},[183,130370,111],{},[31,130372,130374],{"className":33,"code":130373,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130375,130376],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130377,130378,130380,130382,130385,130387,130390,130392,130395],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130379,129711],{"class":46},[40,130381,11963],{"class":50},[40,130383,130384],{"class":46}," Ana ",[40,130386,129719],{"class":50},[40,130388,130389],{"class":46}," I live ",[40,130391,1554],{"class":50},[40,130393,130394],{"class":46}," Lima",[40,130396,121986],{"class":54},[20,130398,130399],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[134,130401,130402,130405,130408],{},[137,130403,130404],{},"they make code easier to read",[137,130406,130407],{},"they help when a string has many values",[137,130409,130410],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130412,195],{},[31,130414,130416],{"className":33,"code":130415,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130417,130418,130470],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130419,130420,130423,130425,130427,130430,130433,130436,130439,130441,130443,130445,130447,130449,130451,130453,130456,130458,130460,130463,130465,130468],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130421,130422],{"class":46},"report ",[40,130424,51],{"class":50},[40,130426,224],{"class":212},[40,130428,130429],{"class":216},"Student: ",[40,130431,130432],{"class":58},"{student}",[40,130434,130435],{"class":216},", Score: ",[40,130437,130438],{"class":58},"{score}",[40,130440,213],{"class":212},[40,130442,289],{"class":54},[40,130444,129677],{"class":91},[40,130446,88],{"class":54},[40,130448,13393],{"class":8946},[40,130450,51],{"class":50},[40,130452,213],{"class":212},[40,130454,130455],{"class":216},"Noah",[40,130457,213],{"class":212},[40,130459,62],{"class":54},[40,130461,130462],{"class":8946}," score",[40,130464,51],{"class":50},[40,130466,130467],{"class":58},"95",[40,130469,95],{"class":54},[40,130471,130472,130474,130476,130478],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,130473,101],{"class":84},[40,130475,88],{"class":54},[40,130477,127667],{"class":91},[40,130479,95],{"class":54},[20,130481,130482],{},[183,130483,111],{},[31,130485,130487],{"className":33,"code":130486,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130488,130489],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130490,130491,130494,130496,130499,130501,130504,130506],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130492,130493],{"class":46},"Student",[40,130495,2669],{"class":54},[40,130497,130498],{"class":46}," Noah",[40,130500,62],{"class":54},[40,130502,130503],{"class":46}," Score",[40,130505,2669],{"class":54},[40,130507,130508],{"class":58}," 95\n",[20,130510,130511,130512,289],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[282,130513,285,130514,288],{"href":41928},[15,130515,47435],{},[129,130517,130519],{"id":130518},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130521,130522,130524],{},[15,130523,125957],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130526,130527,130528,130531],{},"A common example is ",[15,130529,130530],{},":.2f",", which means:",[134,130533,130534,130537],{},[137,130535,130536],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[137,130538,130539],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130541,195],{},[31,130543,130545],{"className":33,"code":130544,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130546,130547,130555,130584],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130548,130549,130551,130553],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130550,40142],{"class":46},[40,130552,51],{"class":50},[40,130554,49028],{"class":58},[40,130556,130557,130559,130561,130563,130566,130568,130570,130572,130574,130576,130578,130580,130582],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,130558,34450],{"class":46},[40,130560,51],{"class":50},[40,130562,224],{"class":212},[40,130564,130565],{"class":216},"Price: $",[40,130567,9048],{"class":58},[40,130569,130530],{"class":1848},[40,130571,22064],{"class":58},[40,130573,213],{"class":212},[40,130575,289],{"class":54},[40,130577,129677],{"class":91},[40,130579,88],{"class":54},[40,130581,24912],{"class":91},[40,130583,95],{"class":54},[40,130585,130586,130588,130590,130592],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,130587,101],{"class":84},[40,130589,88],{"class":54},[40,130591,34471],{"class":91},[40,130593,95],{"class":54},[20,130595,130596],{},[183,130597,111],{},[31,130599,130601],{"className":33,"code":130600,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130602,130603],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130604,130605,130608,130610,130613],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130606,130607],{"class":46},"Price",[40,130609,2669],{"class":54},[40,130611,130612],{"class":37123}," $",[40,130614,130615],{"class":58},"3.50\n",[20,130617,721],{},[31,130619,130621],{"className":33,"code":130620,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130622,130623,130633],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130624,130625,130628,130630],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130626,130627],{"class":46},"average ",[40,130629,51],{"class":50},[40,130631,130632],{"class":58}," 91.236\n",[40,130634,130635,130637,130639,130641,130644,130646,130648,130650,130652,130654,130656,130658,130661],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,130636,101],{"class":84},[40,130638,88],{"class":54},[40,130640,213],{"class":212},[40,130642,130643],{"class":216},"Average: ",[40,130645,9048],{"class":58},[40,130647,130530],{"class":1848},[40,130649,22064],{"class":58},[40,130651,213],{"class":212},[40,130653,289],{"class":54},[40,130655,129677],{"class":91},[40,130657,88],{"class":54},[40,130659,130660],{"class":91},"average",[40,130662,256],{"class":54},[20,130664,130665],{},[183,130666,111],{},[31,130668,130670],{"className":33,"code":130669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130671,130672],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130673,130674,130677,130679],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130675,130676],{"class":46},"Average",[40,130678,2669],{"class":54},[40,130680,130681],{"class":58}," 91.24\n",[20,130683,130684],{},"This is useful for:",[134,130686,130687,130689,130692],{},[137,130688,82683],{},[137,130690,130691],{},"averages",[137,130693,130694],{},"percentages",[20,130696,130697,130698,289],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[282,130699,285,130700,2087],{"href":46202},[15,130701,46205],{},[129,130703,17184],{"id":17183},[20,130705,130706,92120],{},[15,130707,125957],{},[20,130709,130710],{},"That means you can:",[134,130712,130713,130716,130719],{},[137,130714,130715],{},"save it in a variable",[137,130717,130718],{},"print it directly",[137,130720,130721],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130723,195],{},[31,130725,130727],{"className":33,"code":130726,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130728,130729,130760,130770],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130730,130731,130733,130735,130737,130739,130741,130743,130745,130747,130749,130751,130753,130756,130758],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130732,89606],{"class":46},[40,130734,51],{"class":50},[40,130736,224],{"class":212},[40,130738,44654],{"class":216},[40,130740,3579],{"class":58},[40,130742,89447],{"class":216},[40,130744,213],{"class":212},[40,130746,289],{"class":54},[40,130748,129677],{"class":91},[40,130750,88],{"class":54},[40,130752,213],{"class":212},[40,130754,130755],{"class":216},"Chris",[40,130757,213],{"class":212},[40,130759,95],{"class":54},[40,130761,130762,130764,130766,130768],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,130763,101],{"class":84},[40,130765,88],{"class":54},[40,130767,89623],{"class":91},[40,130769,95],{"class":54},[40,130771,130772,130774,130776,130778,130780,130782],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,130773,101],{"class":84},[40,130775,88],{"class":54},[40,130777,1297],{"class":609},[40,130779,88],{"class":54},[40,130781,89623],{"class":91},[40,130783,256],{"class":54},[20,130785,130786],{},[183,130787,111],{},[31,130789,130791],{"className":33,"code":130790,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130792,130793,130802],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130794,130795,130797,130799],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130796,34630],{"class":46},[40,130798,62],{"class":54},[40,130800,130801],{"class":46}," Chris!\n",[40,130803,130804,130806,130808,130810,130812,130814],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,130805,3076],{"class":50},[40,130807,3079],{"class":1848},[40,130809,3082],{"class":212},[40,130811,3231],{"class":216},[40,130813,3087],{"class":212},[40,130815,3090],{"class":50},[20,130817,130818],{},"The original string is not changed.",[129,130820,130822,130824],{"id":130821},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130823,125957],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130826,130827,130829],{},[15,130828,125957],{}," is a string method.",[20,130831,130832],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130834,45793,130835,2669],{},[15,130836,125957],{},[31,130838,130840],{"className":33,"code":130839,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130841,130842,130855],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130843,130844,130846,130848,130850,130853],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130845,7651],{"class":46},[40,130847,51],{"class":50},[40,130849,224],{"class":212},[40,130851,130852],{"class":216},"Rita",[40,130854,3146],{"class":212},[40,130856,130857,130859,130861,130863,130865,130867,130869,130871,130873,130875,130877,130879],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,130858,101],{"class":84},[40,130860,88],{"class":54},[40,130862,213],{"class":212},[40,130864,44654],{"class":216},[40,130866,3579],{"class":58},[40,130868,89447],{"class":216},[40,130870,213],{"class":212},[40,130872,289],{"class":54},[40,130874,129677],{"class":91},[40,130876,88],{"class":54},[40,130878,7446],{"class":91},[40,130880,256],{"class":54},[20,130882,130883],{},"Example with an f-string:",[31,130885,130887],{"className":33,"code":130886,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130888,130889,130901],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130890,130891,130893,130895,130897,130899],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130892,7651],{"class":46},[40,130894,51],{"class":50},[40,130896,224],{"class":212},[40,130898,130852],{"class":216},[40,130900,3146],{"class":212},[40,130902,130903,130905,130907,130909,130911,130913,130915,130917,130920],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,130904,101],{"class":84},[40,130906,88],{"class":54},[40,130908,22055],{"class":1848},[40,130910,43098],{"class":216},[40,130912,9048],{"class":58},[40,130914,7446],{"class":91},[40,130916,22064],{"class":58},[40,130918,130919],{"class":216},"!\"",[40,130921,95],{"class":54},[20,130923,130924],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130926,130927,130928,130930,130931,289],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130929,125957],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[282,130932,89292],{"href":89291},[129,130934,2613],{"id":2612},[20,130936,130937,130938,289],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130939,125957],{},[792,130941,130943],{"id":130942},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130945,130946],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[31,130948,130950],{"className":33,"code":130949,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130951,130952,130985],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,130953,130954,130956,130958,130960,130962,130964,130967,130969,130971,130973,130975,130977,130979,130981,130983],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,130955,34450],{"class":46},[40,130957,51],{"class":50},[40,130959,224],{"class":212},[40,130961,44654],{"class":216},[40,130963,3579],{"class":58},[40,130965,130966],{"class":58}," {}",[40,130968,89447],{"class":216},[40,130970,213],{"class":212},[40,130972,289],{"class":54},[40,130974,129677],{"class":91},[40,130976,88],{"class":54},[40,130978,213],{"class":212},[40,130980,7455],{"class":216},[40,130982,213],{"class":212},[40,130984,95],{"class":54},[40,130986,130987,130989,130991,130993],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,130988,101],{"class":84},[40,130990,88],{"class":54},[40,130992,34471],{"class":91},[40,130994,95],{"class":54},[20,130996,130997],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,130999,131000],{},"Fixed version:",[31,131002,131004],{"className":33,"code":131003,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131005,131006,131047],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131007,131008,131010,131012,131014,131016,131018,131020,131022,131024,131026,131028,131030,131032,131034,131036,131038,131040,131043,131045],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131009,34450],{"class":46},[40,131011,51],{"class":50},[40,131013,224],{"class":212},[40,131015,44654],{"class":216},[40,131017,3579],{"class":58},[40,131019,130966],{"class":58},[40,131021,89447],{"class":216},[40,131023,213],{"class":212},[40,131025,289],{"class":54},[40,131027,129677],{"class":91},[40,131029,88],{"class":54},[40,131031,213],{"class":212},[40,131033,7455],{"class":216},[40,131035,213],{"class":212},[40,131037,62],{"class":54},[40,131039,224],{"class":212},[40,131041,131042],{"class":216},"Lee",[40,131044,213],{"class":212},[40,131046,95],{"class":54},[40,131048,131049,131051,131053,131055],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,131050,101],{"class":84},[40,131052,88],{"class":54},[40,131054,34471],{"class":91},[40,131056,95],{"class":54},[792,131058,131060],{"id":131059},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131062,131063,131064,289],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131065,125957],{},[20,131067,131068],{},"Problem:",[31,131070,131072],{"className":33,"code":131071,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131073,131074,131108],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131075,131076,131078,131080,131082,131084,131086,131088,131090,131092,131094,131096,131098,131100,131102,131104,131106],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131077,34450],{"class":46},[40,131079,51],{"class":50},[40,131081,224],{"class":212},[40,131083,44654],{"class":216},[40,131085,130294],{"class":58},[40,131087,89447],{"class":216},[40,131089,213],{"class":212},[40,131091,289],{"class":54},[40,131093,129677],{"class":91},[40,131095,88],{"class":54},[40,131097,7760],{"class":8946},[40,131099,51],{"class":50},[40,131101,213],{"class":212},[40,131103,7455],{"class":216},[40,131105,213],{"class":212},[40,131107,95],{"class":54},[40,131109,131110,131112,131114,131116],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,131111,101],{"class":84},[40,131113,88],{"class":54},[40,131115,34471],{"class":91},[40,131117,95],{"class":54},[20,131119,131000],{},[31,131121,131123],{"className":33,"code":131122,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131124,131125,131159],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131126,131127,131129,131131,131133,131135,131137,131139,131141,131143,131145,131147,131149,131151,131153,131155,131157],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131128,34450],{"class":46},[40,131130,51],{"class":50},[40,131132,224],{"class":212},[40,131134,44654],{"class":216},[40,131136,130294],{"class":58},[40,131138,89447],{"class":216},[40,131140,213],{"class":212},[40,131142,289],{"class":54},[40,131144,129677],{"class":91},[40,131146,88],{"class":54},[40,131148,7446],{"class":8946},[40,131150,51],{"class":50},[40,131152,213],{"class":212},[40,131154,7455],{"class":216},[40,131156,213],{"class":212},[40,131158,95],{"class":54},[40,131160,131161,131163,131165,131167],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,131162,101],{"class":84},[40,131164,88],{"class":54},[40,131166,34471],{"class":91},[40,131168,95],{"class":54},[792,131170,8223,131172,131174],{"id":131171},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131173,125957],{}," to change the original string",[20,131176,131177,131179],{},[15,131178,125957],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131181,131068],{},[31,131183,131185],{"className":33,"code":131184,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131186,131187,131201,131219],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131188,131189,131191,131193,131195,131197,131199],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131190,34450],{"class":46},[40,131192,51],{"class":50},[40,131194,224],{"class":212},[40,131196,44654],{"class":216},[40,131198,3579],{"class":58},[40,131200,3146],{"class":212},[40,131202,131203,131205,131207,131209,131211,131213,131215,131217],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,131204,34471],{"class":46},[40,131206,289],{"class":54},[40,131208,129677],{"class":91},[40,131210,88],{"class":54},[40,131212,213],{"class":212},[40,131214,7455],{"class":216},[40,131216,213],{"class":212},[40,131218,95],{"class":54},[40,131220,131221,131223,131225,131227],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,131222,101],{"class":84},[40,131224,88],{"class":54},[40,131226,34471],{"class":91},[40,131228,95],{"class":54},[20,131230,131231],{},[183,131232,111],{},[31,131234,131236],{"className":33,"code":131235,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131237,131238],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131239,131240,131242,131244],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131241,34630],{"class":46},[40,131243,62],{"class":54},[40,131245,9607],{"class":54},[20,131247,131000],{},[31,131249,131251],{"className":33,"code":131250,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131252,131253,131267,131289],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131254,131255,131257,131259,131261,131263,131265],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131256,34450],{"class":46},[40,131258,51],{"class":50},[40,131260,224],{"class":212},[40,131262,44654],{"class":216},[40,131264,3579],{"class":58},[40,131266,3146],{"class":212},[40,131268,131269,131271,131273,131275,131277,131279,131281,131283,131285,131287],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,131270,34450],{"class":46},[40,131272,51],{"class":50},[40,131274,42593],{"class":46},[40,131276,289],{"class":54},[40,131278,129677],{"class":91},[40,131280,88],{"class":54},[40,131282,213],{"class":212},[40,131284,7455],{"class":216},[40,131286,213],{"class":212},[40,131288,95],{"class":54},[40,131290,131291,131293,131295,131297],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,131292,101],{"class":84},[40,131294,88],{"class":54},[40,131296,34471],{"class":91},[40,131298,95],{"class":54},[792,131300,4486,131302,131304],{"id":131301},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131303,125957],{}," returns a new string",[20,131306,131307],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[792,131309,131311],{"id":131310},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131313,131314],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131316,131317,131318,131320],{},"Use simple ",[15,131319,3579],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131322,131323,131324,289],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[282,131325,90005],{"href":90004},[129,131327,67631],{"id":67630},[20,131329,131330],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[31,131332,131334],{"className":33,"code":131333,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131335,131336,131346,131360,131389],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131337,131338,131340,131342,131344],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131339,101],{"class":84},[40,131341,88],{"class":54},[40,131343,34471],{"class":91},[40,131345,95],{"class":54},[40,131347,131348,131350,131352,131354,131356,131358],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,131349,101],{"class":84},[40,131351,88],{"class":54},[40,131353,1297],{"class":609},[40,131355,88],{"class":54},[40,131357,2255],{"class":91},[40,131359,256],{"class":54},[40,131361,131362,131364,131366,131368,131371,131373,131375,131377,131379,131381,131383,131385,131387],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,131363,101],{"class":84},[40,131365,88],{"class":54},[40,131367,213],{"class":212},[40,131369,131370],{"class":216},"Hello ",[40,131372,3579],{"class":58},[40,131374,213],{"class":212},[40,131376,289],{"class":54},[40,131378,129677],{"class":91},[40,131380,88],{"class":54},[40,131382,213],{"class":212},[40,131384,7455],{"class":216},[40,131386,213],{"class":212},[40,131388,256],{"class":54},[40,131390,131391,131393,131395,131397,131399,131401],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,131392,31913],{"class":84},[40,131394,88],{"class":54},[40,131396,3231],{"class":609},[40,131398,289],{"class":54},[40,131400,129677],{"class":24512},[40,131402,95],{"class":54},[20,131404,131405],{},"Use them to check:",[134,131407,131408,131411,131414,131417],{},[137,131409,131410],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[137,131412,131413],{},"what type your value has",[137,131415,131416],{},"whether a small test example works",[137,131418,131419,131420],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131421,131422],{},"str.format",[129,131424,1636],{"id":1635},[792,131426,129458,131428,1654],{"id":131427},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131429,125957],{},[20,131431,131432],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[792,131434,131436],{"id":131435},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131438,131439,131440,131442],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131441,3579],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[792,131444,131446,131447,2275],{"id":131445},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131448,125957],{},[20,131450,131451,131452,131455],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131453,131454],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[792,131457,14671,131459,131461],{"id":131458},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131460,125957],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131463,131464,131465,131467],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131466,125957],{}," is still useful and common.",[129,131469,1687],{"id":1686},[134,131471,131472,131476,131480,131486,131492],{},[137,131473,131474],{},[282,131475,124709],{"href":50728},[137,131477,131478],{},[282,131479,90282],{"href":89291},[137,131481,131482],{},[282,131483,285,131484,288],{"href":46202},[15,131485,46205],{},[137,131487,131488],{},[282,131489,285,131490,288],{"href":41928},[15,131491,47435],{},[137,131493,131494],{},[282,131495,90005],{"href":90004},[1715,131497,131498],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":131500},[131501,131502,131504,131505,131506,131507,131508,131509,131511,131520,131521,131530],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":129744,"depth":76,"text":131503},"What the format() method does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":130025,"depth":76,"text":130026},{"id":130287,"depth":76,"text":130288},{"id":130518,"depth":76,"text":130519},{"id":17183,"depth":76,"text":17184},{"id":130821,"depth":76,"text":131510},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":131512},[131513,131514,131515,131517,131519],{"id":130942,"depth":98,"text":130943},{"id":131059,"depth":98,"text":131060},{"id":131171,"depth":98,"text":131516},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131301,"depth":98,"text":131518},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131310,"depth":98,"text":131311},{"id":67630,"depth":76,"text":67631},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":131522},[131523,131525,131526,131528],{"id":131427,"depth":98,"text":131524},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131435,"depth":98,"text":131436},{"id":131445,"depth":98,"text":131527},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131458,"depth":98,"text":131529},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129604,"description":131531},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131538,"title":131539,"body":131540,"description":133020,"extension":1746,"meta":133021,"navigation":360,"path":133022,"seo":133023,"stem":133024,"__hash__":133025},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131541,"toc":132992},[131542,131547,131552,131557,131559,131621,131628,131634,131639,131641,131657,131659,131730,131732,131746,131749,131799,131801,131803,131830,131833,131848,131851,131892,131895,131940,131947,131996,131998,132006,132008,132026,132028,132121,132129,132170,132175,132182,132188,132195,132198,132202,132303,132305,132327,132331,132384,132387,132390,132396,132403,132405,132444,132446,132464,132474,132481,132564,132567,132574,132581,132588,132592,132600,132646,132650,132659,132724,132729,132734,132745,132747,132752,132779,132781,132884,132887,132907,132909,132914,132917,132921,132925,132932,132941,132947,132950,132956,132958,132960,132989],[10,131543,122954,131545,11091],{"id":131544},"python-string-index-method",[15,131546,58710],{},[20,131548,122959,131549,131551],{},[15,131550,58710],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131553,131554,131555,289],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131556,40459],{},[129,131558,1787],{"id":1786},[31,131560,131562],{"className":33,"code":131561,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131563,131564,131576,131598,131608,131612,131616],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131565,131566,131568,131570,131572,131574],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131567,34450],{"class":46},[40,131569,51],{"class":50},[40,131571,224],{"class":212},[40,131573,60146],{"class":216},[40,131575,3146],{"class":212},[40,131577,131578,131580,131582,131584,131586,131588,131590,131592,131594,131596],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,131579,64659],{"class":46},[40,131581,51],{"class":50},[40,131583,42593],{"class":46},[40,131585,289],{"class":54},[40,131587,35610],{"class":91},[40,131589,88],{"class":54},[40,131591,213],{"class":212},[40,131593,60331],{"class":216},[40,131595,213],{"class":212},[40,131597,95],{"class":54},[40,131599,131600,131602,131604,131606],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,131601,101],{"class":84},[40,131603,88],{"class":54},[40,131605,64686],{"class":91},[40,131607,95],{"class":54},[40,131609,131610],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,131611,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,131613,131614],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,131615,90423],{"class":3449},[40,131617,131618],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,131619,131620],{"class":3449},"# 6\n",[20,131622,123,131623,131625,131626,289],{},[15,131624,58710],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131627,40459],{},[129,131629,158,131631,3466],{"id":131630},"what-strindex-does",[15,131632,131633],{},"str.index()",[20,131635,131636,131638],{},[15,131637,131633],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131640,12821],{},[134,131642,131643,131646,131649,131652],{},[137,131644,131645],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[137,131647,131648],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[137,131650,131651],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[137,131653,30053,131654,131656],{},[15,131655,40459],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131658,195],{},[31,131660,131662],{"className":33,"code":131661,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131663,131664,131676,131680,131705],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131665,131666,131668,131670,131672,131674],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131667,34450],{"class":46},[40,131669,51],{"class":50},[40,131671,224],{"class":212},[40,131673,3871],{"class":216},[40,131675,3146],{"class":212},[40,131677,131678],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,131679,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,131681,131682,131684,131686,131688,131690,131692,131694,131696,131698,131700,131702],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,131683,101],{"class":84},[40,131685,88],{"class":54},[40,131687,34471],{"class":91},[40,131689,289],{"class":54},[40,131691,35610],{"class":91},[40,131693,88],{"class":54},[40,131695,213],{"class":212},[40,131697,282],{"class":216},[40,131699,213],{"class":212},[40,131701,5140],{"class":54},[40,131703,131704],{"class":3449},"     # 1\n",[40,131706,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715,131717,131719,131721,131723,131725,131727],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,131708,101],{"class":84},[40,131710,88],{"class":54},[40,131712,34471],{"class":91},[40,131714,289],{"class":54},[40,131716,35610],{"class":91},[40,131718,88],{"class":54},[40,131720,213],{"class":212},[40,131722,123047],{"class":216},[40,131724,213],{"class":212},[40,131726,5140],{"class":54},[40,131728,131729],{"class":3449},"    # 2\n",[20,131731,1962],{},[134,131733,131734,131740],{},[137,131735,131736,128167,131738],{},[15,131737,1076],{},[15,131739,658],{},[137,131741,131742,128167,131744],{},[15,131743,128166],{},[15,131745,744],{},[20,131747,131748],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[31,131750,131752],{"className":33,"code":131751,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131753,131754,131766,131770,131794],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131755,131756,131758,131760,131762,131764],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131757,34450],{"class":46},[40,131759,51],{"class":50},[40,131761,224],{"class":212},[40,131763,34630],{"class":216},[40,131765,3146],{"class":212},[40,131767,131768],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,131769,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,131771,131772,131774,131776,131778,131780,131782,131784,131786,131788,131790,131792],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,131773,101],{"class":84},[40,131775,88],{"class":54},[40,131777,34471],{"class":91},[40,131779,289],{"class":54},[40,131781,35610],{"class":91},[40,131783,88],{"class":54},[40,131785,213],{"class":212},[40,131787,50943],{"class":216},[40,131789,213],{"class":212},[40,131791,5140],{"class":54},[40,131793,20529],{"class":3449},[40,131795,131796],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,131797,131798],{"class":3449},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[129,131800,1940],{"id":1939},[20,131802,1943],{},[31,131804,131806],{"className":33,"code":131805,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131807,131808],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131809,131810,131812,131814,131816,131818,131820,131822,131824,131826,131828],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131811,60913],{"class":46},[40,131813,289],{"class":54},[40,131815,35610],{"class":91},[40,131817,88],{"class":54},[40,131819,2255],{"class":91},[40,131821,62],{"class":54},[40,131823,35810],{"class":91},[40,131825,62],{"class":54},[40,131827,64780],{"class":91},[40,131829,95],{"class":54},[20,131831,131832],{},"Parameters:",[134,131834,131835,131839,131843],{},[137,131836,131837,123146],{},[15,131838,2255],{},[137,131840,131841,128213],{},[15,131842,35831],{},[137,131844,131845,131847],{},[15,131846,52406],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131849,131850],{},"You can use just the value:",[31,131852,131854],{"className":33,"code":131853,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131855,131856,131868],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131857,131858,131860,131862,131864,131866],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131859,34450],{"class":46},[40,131861,51],{"class":50},[40,131863,224],{"class":212},[40,131865,35],{"class":216},[40,131867,3146],{"class":212},[40,131869,131870,131872,131874,131876,131878,131880,131882,131884,131886,131888,131890],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,131871,101],{"class":84},[40,131873,88],{"class":54},[40,131875,34471],{"class":91},[40,131877,289],{"class":54},[40,131879,35610],{"class":91},[40,131881,88],{"class":54},[40,131883,213],{"class":212},[40,131885,63026],{"class":216},[40,131887,213],{"class":212},[40,131889,5140],{"class":54},[40,131891,51167],{"class":3449},[20,131893,131894],{},"Or include a start position:",[31,131896,131898],{"className":33,"code":131897,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131899,131900,131912],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131901,131902,131904,131906,131908,131910],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131903,34450],{"class":46},[40,131905,51],{"class":50},[40,131907,224],{"class":212},[40,131909,3871],{"class":216},[40,131911,3146],{"class":212},[40,131913,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926,131928,131930,131932,131934,131936,131938],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,131915,101],{"class":84},[40,131917,88],{"class":54},[40,131919,34471],{"class":91},[40,131921,289],{"class":54},[40,131923,35610],{"class":91},[40,131925,88],{"class":54},[40,131927,213],{"class":212},[40,131929,282],{"class":216},[40,131931,213],{"class":212},[40,131933,62],{"class":54},[40,131935,663],{"class":58},[40,131937,5140],{"class":54},[40,131939,50523],{"class":3449},[20,131941,131942,131943,4176,131945,2669],{},"Or include both ",[15,131944,35831],{},[15,131946,52406],{},[31,131948,131950],{"className":33,"code":131949,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131951,131952,131964],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,131953,131954,131956,131958,131960,131962],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,131955,34450],{"class":46},[40,131957,51],{"class":50},[40,131959,224],{"class":212},[40,131961,3871],{"class":216},[40,131963,3146],{"class":212},[40,131965,131966,131968,131970,131972,131974,131976,131978,131980,131982,131984,131986,131988,131990,131992,131994],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,131967,101],{"class":84},[40,131969,88],{"class":54},[40,131971,34471],{"class":91},[40,131973,289],{"class":54},[40,131975,35610],{"class":91},[40,131977,88],{"class":54},[40,131979,213],{"class":212},[40,131981,282],{"class":216},[40,131983,213],{"class":212},[40,131985,62],{"class":54},[40,131987,663],{"class":58},[40,131989,62],{"class":54},[40,131991,4387],{"class":58},[40,131993,5140],{"class":54},[40,131995,50523],{"class":3449},[129,131997,37776],{"id":37775},[20,131999,28468,132000,132002,132003,289],{},[15,132001,58710],{}," is a ",[183,132004,132005],{},"zero-based index",[20,132007,1890],{},[134,132009,132010,132016,132021],{},[137,132011,132012,132013,132015],{},"Index ",[15,132014,192],{}," is the first character",[137,132017,132012,132018,132020],{},[15,132019,658],{}," is the second character",[137,132022,132012,132023,132025],{},[15,132024,744],{}," is the third character",[20,132027,195],{},[31,132029,132031],{"className":33,"code":132030,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132032,132033,132045,132049,132073,132097],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132034,132035,132037,132039,132041,132043],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132036,34450],{"class":46},[40,132038,51],{"class":50},[40,132040,224],{"class":212},[40,132042,217],{"class":216},[40,132044,3146],{"class":212},[40,132046,132047],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,132048,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,132050,132051,132053,132055,132057,132059,132061,132063,132065,132067,132069,132071],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,132052,101],{"class":84},[40,132054,88],{"class":54},[40,132056,34471],{"class":91},[40,132058,289],{"class":54},[40,132060,35610],{"class":91},[40,132062,88],{"class":54},[40,132064,213],{"class":212},[40,132066,1026],{"class":216},[40,132068,213],{"class":212},[40,132070,5140],{"class":54},[40,132072,50999],{"class":3449},[40,132074,132075,132077,132079,132081,132083,132085,132087,132089,132091,132093,132095],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,132076,101],{"class":84},[40,132078,88],{"class":54},[40,132080,34471],{"class":91},[40,132082,289],{"class":54},[40,132084,35610],{"class":91},[40,132086,88],{"class":54},[40,132088,213],{"class":212},[40,132090,282],{"class":216},[40,132092,213],{"class":212},[40,132094,5140],{"class":54},[40,132096,27540],{"class":3449},[40,132098,132099,132101,132103,132105,132107,132109,132111,132113,132115,132117,132119],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,132100,101],{"class":84},[40,132102,88],{"class":54},[40,132104,34471],{"class":91},[40,132106,289],{"class":54},[40,132108,35610],{"class":91},[40,132110,88],{"class":54},[40,132112,213],{"class":212},[40,132114,63026],{"class":216},[40,132116,213],{"class":212},[40,132118,5140],{"class":54},[40,132120,51167],{"class":3449},[20,132122,132123,132125,132126,132128],{},[15,132124,58710],{}," returns only the ",[183,132127,29669],{}," matching position.",[31,132130,132132],{"className":33,"code":132131,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132133,132134,132146],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132135,132136,132138,132140,132142,132144],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132137,34450],{"class":46},[40,132139,51],{"class":50},[40,132141,224],{"class":212},[40,132143,3871],{"class":216},[40,132145,3146],{"class":212},[40,132147,132148,132150,132152,132154,132156,132158,132160,132162,132164,132166,132168],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,132149,101],{"class":84},[40,132151,88],{"class":54},[40,132153,34471],{"class":91},[40,132155,289],{"class":54},[40,132157,35610],{"class":91},[40,132159,88],{"class":54},[40,132161,213],{"class":212},[40,132163,282],{"class":216},[40,132165,213],{"class":212},[40,132167,5140],{"class":54},[40,132169,27540],{"class":3449},[20,132171,269,132172,132174],{},[15,132173,1076],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132176,132177,132178,289],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[282,132179,132180,10510],{"href":124404},[15,132181,58332],{},[129,132183,795,132184,4176,132186],{"id":65144},[15,132185,35831],{},[15,132187,52406],{},[20,132189,606,132190,4176,132192,132194],{},[15,132191,35831],{},[15,132193,52406],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132196,132197],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132199,45793,132200,2669],{},[15,132201,35831],{},[31,132203,132205],{"className":33,"code":132204,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132206,132207,132219,132223,132247,132275],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132208,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132210,34450],{"class":46},[40,132212,51],{"class":50},[40,132214,224],{"class":212},[40,132216,3871],{"class":216},[40,132218,3146],{"class":212},[40,132220,132221],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,132222,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,132224,132225,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235,132237,132239,132241,132243,132245],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,132226,101],{"class":84},[40,132228,88],{"class":54},[40,132230,34471],{"class":91},[40,132232,289],{"class":54},[40,132234,35610],{"class":91},[40,132236,88],{"class":54},[40,132238,213],{"class":212},[40,132240,282],{"class":216},[40,132242,213],{"class":212},[40,132244,5140],{"class":54},[40,132246,50872],{"class":3449},[40,132248,132249,132251,132253,132255,132257,132259,132261,132263,132265,132267,132269,132271,132273],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,132250,101],{"class":84},[40,132252,88],{"class":54},[40,132254,34471],{"class":91},[40,132256,289],{"class":54},[40,132258,35610],{"class":91},[40,132260,88],{"class":54},[40,132262,213],{"class":212},[40,132264,282],{"class":216},[40,132266,213],{"class":212},[40,132268,62],{"class":54},[40,132270,663],{"class":58},[40,132272,5140],{"class":54},[40,132274,50722],{"class":3449},[40,132276,132277,132279,132281,132283,132285,132287,132289,132291,132293,132295,132297,132299,132301],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,132278,101],{"class":84},[40,132280,88],{"class":54},[40,132282,34471],{"class":91},[40,132284,289],{"class":54},[40,132286,35610],{"class":91},[40,132288,88],{"class":54},[40,132290,213],{"class":212},[40,132292,282],{"class":216},[40,132294,213],{"class":212},[40,132296,62],{"class":54},[40,132298,675],{"class":58},[40,132300,5140],{"class":54},[40,132302,50506],{"class":3449},[20,132304,19718],{},[134,132306,132307,132314,132320],{},[137,132308,132309,132310,65333,132312],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132311,1076],{},[15,132313,658],{},[137,132315,132316,132317,132319],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132318,744],{}," skips that first match",[137,132321,132316,132322,132324,132325],{},[15,132323,2288],{}," finds the last ",[15,132326,1076],{},[20,132328,45793,132329,2669],{},[15,132330,52406],{},[31,132332,132334],{"className":33,"code":132333,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132335,132336,132348,132352],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132337,132338,132340,132342,132344,132346],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132339,34450],{"class":46},[40,132341,51],{"class":50},[40,132343,224],{"class":212},[40,132345,3871],{"class":216},[40,132347,3146],{"class":212},[40,132349,132350],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,132351,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,132353,132354,132356,132358,132360,132362,132364,132366,132368,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,132355,101],{"class":84},[40,132357,88],{"class":54},[40,132359,34471],{"class":91},[40,132361,289],{"class":54},[40,132363,35610],{"class":91},[40,132365,88],{"class":54},[40,132367,213],{"class":212},[40,132369,75629],{"class":216},[40,132371,213],{"class":212},[40,132373,62],{"class":54},[40,132375,550],{"class":58},[40,132377,62],{"class":54},[40,132379,675],{"class":58},[40,132381,5140],{"class":54},[40,132383,51167],{"class":3449},[20,132385,132386],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132388,132389],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[129,132391,43965,132393,132395],{"id":132392},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132394,58710],{}," causes an error",[20,132397,132398,132399,52242,132401,289],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132400,58710],{},[15,132402,40459],{},[20,132404,195],{},[31,132406,132408],{"className":33,"code":132407,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132409,132410,132422],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132411,132412,132414,132416,132418,132420],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132413,34450],{"class":46},[40,132415,51],{"class":50},[40,132417,224],{"class":212},[40,132419,3632],{"class":216},[40,132421,3146],{"class":212},[40,132423,132424,132426,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436,132438,132440,132442],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,132425,101],{"class":84},[40,132427,88],{"class":54},[40,132429,34471],{"class":91},[40,132431,289],{"class":54},[40,132433,35610],{"class":91},[40,132435,88],{"class":54},[40,132437,213],{"class":212},[40,132439,21838],{"class":216},[40,132441,213],{"class":212},[40,132443,256],{"class":54},[20,132445,111],{},[31,132447,132449],{"className":33,"code":132448,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132450,132451],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132452,132453,132455,132457,132460,132462],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132454,40459],{"class":609},[40,132456,2669],{"class":54},[40,132458,132459],{"class":46}," substring ",[40,132461,185],{"class":50},[40,132463,65566],{"class":46},[20,132465,53085,132466,125920,132471,132473],{},[282,132467,132468],{"href":129598},[15,132469,132470],{},"str.find()",[15,132472,65591],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132475,132476,132477,4176,132479,2669],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132478,29564],{},[15,132480,29595],{},[31,132482,132484],{"className":33,"code":132483,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132485,132486,132498,132502,132508,132531,132541,132549],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132487,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132489,34450],{"class":46},[40,132491,51],{"class":50},[40,132493,224],{"class":212},[40,132495,3632],{"class":216},[40,132497,3146],{"class":212},[40,132499,132500],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,132501,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,132503,132504,132506],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,132505,29564],{"class":535},[40,132507,553],{"class":54},[40,132509,132510,132513,132515,132517,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527,132529],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,132511,132512],{"class":46},"    position ",[40,132514,51],{"class":50},[40,132516,42593],{"class":46},[40,132518,289],{"class":54},[40,132520,35610],{"class":91},[40,132522,88],{"class":54},[40,132524,213],{"class":212},[40,132526,21838],{"class":216},[40,132528,213],{"class":212},[40,132530,95],{"class":54},[40,132532,132533,132535,132537,132539],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,132534,558],{"class":84},[40,132536,88],{"class":54},[40,132538,64686],{"class":91},[40,132540,95],{"class":54},[40,132542,132543,132545,132547],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,132544,29595],{"class":535},[40,132546,41679],{"class":609},[40,132548,553],{"class":54},[40,132550,132551,132553,132555,132557,132560,132562],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,132552,558],{"class":84},[40,132554,88],{"class":54},[40,132556,213],{"class":212},[40,132558,132559],{"class":216},"Substring not found",[40,132561,213],{"class":212},[40,132563,95],{"class":54},[20,132565,132566],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132568,41699,132569,289],{},[282,132570,25442,132572],{"href":132571},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132573,128925],{},[129,132575,132577,10355,132579],{"id":132576},"index-vs-find",[15,132578,58710],{},[15,132580,123949],{},[20,132582,132583,4176,132585,132587],{},[15,132584,58710],{},[15,132586,123949],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[792,132589,132590],{"id":35610},[15,132591,58710],{},[134,132593,132594,132597],{},[137,132595,132596],{},"Returns the first match position",[137,132598,132599],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[31,132601,132603],{"className":33,"code":132602,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132604,132605,132617,132641],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132606,132607,132609,132611,132613,132615],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132608,34450],{"class":46},[40,132610,51],{"class":50},[40,132612,224],{"class":212},[40,132614,3632],{"class":216},[40,132616,3146],{"class":212},[40,132618,132619,132621,132623,132625,132627,132629,132631,132633,132635,132637,132639],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,132620,101],{"class":84},[40,132622,88],{"class":54},[40,132624,34471],{"class":91},[40,132626,289],{"class":54},[40,132628,35610],{"class":91},[40,132630,88],{"class":54},[40,132632,213],{"class":212},[40,132634,60187],{"class":216},[40,132636,213],{"class":212},[40,132638,5140],{"class":54},[40,132640,27540],{"class":3449},[40,132642,132643],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,132644,132645],{"class":3449},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[792,132647,132648],{"id":127979},[15,132649,123949],{},[134,132651,132652,132654],{},[137,132653,132596],{},[137,132655,11193,132656,132658],{},[15,132657,65591],{}," if nothing is found",[31,132660,132662],{"className":33,"code":132661,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132663,132664,132676,132700],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132665,132666,132668,132670,132672,132674],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132667,34450],{"class":46},[40,132669,51],{"class":50},[40,132671,224],{"class":212},[40,132673,3632],{"class":216},[40,132675,3146],{"class":212},[40,132677,132678,132680,132682,132684,132686,132688,132690,132692,132694,132696,132698],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,132679,101],{"class":84},[40,132681,88],{"class":54},[40,132683,34471],{"class":91},[40,132685,289],{"class":54},[40,132687,127979],{"class":91},[40,132689,88],{"class":54},[40,132691,213],{"class":212},[40,132693,60187],{"class":216},[40,132695,213],{"class":212},[40,132697,5140],{"class":54},[40,132699,27540],{"class":3449},[40,132701,132702,132704,132706,132708,132710,132712,132714,132716,132718,132720,132722],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,132703,101],{"class":84},[40,132705,88],{"class":54},[40,132707,34471],{"class":91},[40,132709,289],{"class":54},[40,132711,127979],{"class":91},[40,132713,88],{"class":54},[40,132715,213],{"class":212},[40,132717,21838],{"class":216},[40,132719,213],{"class":212},[40,132721,5140],{"class":54},[40,132723,128335],{"class":3449},[20,132725,123,132726,132728],{},[15,132727,58710],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132730,123,132731,132733],{},[15,132732,123949],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132735,132736,132737,2662,132742,289],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[282,132738,132739,132741],{"href":129598},[15,132740,132470],{}," method reference",[282,132743,126990],{"href":132744},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[129,132746,2613],{"id":2612},[20,132748,132749,132750,2669],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132751,58710],{},[134,132753,132754,132757,132764,132769,132774],{},[137,132755,132756],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[137,132758,8223,132759,8226,132761,132763],{},[15,132760,58710],{},[15,132762,65591],{}," when no match exists",[137,132765,795,132766,132768],{},[15,132767,58710],{}," on a value that may not be present",[137,132770,132771,132772],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132773,658],{},[137,132775,4361,132776,132778],{},[15,132777,58710],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132780,62034],{},[31,132782,132784],{"className":33,"code":132783,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132785,132786,132796,132810,132832,132854],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,132787,132788,132790,132792,132794],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,132789,101],{"class":84},[40,132791,88],{"class":54},[40,132793,34471],{"class":91},[40,132795,95],{"class":54},[40,132797,132798,132800,132802,132804,132806,132808],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,132799,101],{"class":84},[40,132801,88],{"class":54},[40,132803,41532],{"class":84},[40,132805,88],{"class":54},[40,132807,34471],{"class":91},[40,132809,256],{"class":54},[40,132811,132812,132814,132816,132818,132820,132822,132824,132826,132828,132830],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,132813,101],{"class":84},[40,132815,88],{"class":54},[40,132817,34471],{"class":91},[40,132819,289],{"class":54},[40,132821,35610],{"class":91},[40,132823,88],{"class":54},[40,132825,213],{"class":212},[40,132827,2255],{"class":216},[40,132829,213],{"class":212},[40,132831,256],{"class":54},[40,132833,132834,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848,132850,132852],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,132835,101],{"class":84},[40,132837,88],{"class":54},[40,132839,34471],{"class":91},[40,132841,289],{"class":54},[40,132843,127979],{"class":91},[40,132845,88],{"class":54},[40,132847,213],{"class":212},[40,132849,2255],{"class":216},[40,132851,213],{"class":212},[40,132853,256],{"class":54},[40,132855,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870,132872,132874,132876,132878,132880,132882],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,132857,101],{"class":84},[40,132859,88],{"class":54},[40,132861,34471],{"class":91},[40,132863,289],{"class":54},[40,132865,35610],{"class":91},[40,132867,88],{"class":54},[40,132869,213],{"class":212},[40,132871,2255],{"class":216},[40,132873,213],{"class":212},[40,132875,62],{"class":54},[40,132877,35810],{"class":91},[40,132879,62],{"class":54},[40,132881,64780],{"class":91},[40,132883,256],{"class":54},[20,132885,132886],{},"Tips:",[134,132888,132889,132894,132899,132902],{},[137,132890,123,132891,132893],{},[15,132892,125876],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[137,132895,123,132896,132898],{},[15,132897,123949],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[137,132900,132901],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[137,132903,132904,132905],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132906,192],{},[129,132908,1636],{"id":1635},[792,132910,129458,132912,1654],{"id":132911},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132913,58710],{},[20,132915,132916],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[792,132918,132920],{"id":132919},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132922,76457,132923,289],{},[15,132924,40459],{},[792,132926,4957,132928,4176,132930,2275],{"id":132927},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132929,58710],{},[15,132931,123949],{},[20,132933,132934,132936,132937,398,132939,6409],{},[15,132935,58710],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132938,123949],{},[15,132940,65591],{},[792,132942,4947,132944,132946],{"id":132943},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132945,58710],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132948,132949],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[792,132951,132953,132954,124290],{"id":132952},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132955,58710],{},[20,132957,129483],{},[129,132959,1687],{"id":1686},[134,132961,132962,132968,132972,132977,132983],{},[137,132963,132964],{},[282,132965,132966,10510],{"href":129598},[15,132967,132470],{},[137,132969,132970],{},[282,132971,124353],{"href":132744},[137,132973,132974],{},[282,132975,129559],{"href":132976},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[137,132978,132979],{},[282,132980,132981,10510],{"href":124404},[15,132982,58332],{},[137,132984,132985],{},[282,132986,30107,132987],{"href":132571},[15,132988,128925],{},[1715,132990,132991],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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causes an error",{"id":132576,"depth":76,"text":133003,"children":133004},"index() vs find()",[133005,133006],{"id":35610,"depth":98,"text":58710},{"id":127979,"depth":98,"text":123949},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":133009},[133010,133012,133013,133015,133017],{"id":132911,"depth":98,"text":133011},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132919,"depth":98,"text":132920},{"id":132927,"depth":98,"text":133014},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132943,"depth":98,"text":133016},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132952,"depth":98,"text":133018},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131539,"description":133020},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133027,"title":133028,"body":133029,"description":135804,"extension":1746,"meta":135805,"navigation":360,"path":135806,"seo":135807,"stem":135808,"__hash__":135809},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133030,"toc":135740},[133031,133037,133042,133045,133048,133059,133061,133130,133132,133146,133151,133156,133161,133163,133206,133208,133291,133293,133339,133345,133347,133349,133369,133371,133394,133396,133470,133472,133491,133496,133498,133502,133574,133576,133590,133594,133670,133672,133691,133695,133789,133791,133800,133807,133883,133885,133903,133907,133910,133917,133966,133968,133977,133984,134043,134045,134063,134066,134073,134132,134134,134152,134159,134216,134218,134227,134231,134236,134240,134299,134301,134319,134323,134370,134375,134378,134447,134449,134466,134473,134479,134534,134539,134542,134619,134621,134639,134645,134651,134711,134713,134732,134738,134741,134748,134801,134806,134808,134869,134878,134885,134887,134944,134949,134951,135022,135026,135081,135083,135092,135097,135103,135172,135174,135206,135212,135220,135227,135233,135298,135300,135309,135315,135396,135398,135407,135412,135426,135433,135437,135442,135470,135472,135605,135608,135645,135647,135653,135662,135667,135670,135675,135680,135686,135689,135698,135701,135703,135732,135737],[10,133032,122954,133034,11091],{"id":133033},"python-string-join-method",[15,133035,133036],{},"join()",[20,133038,122959,133039,133041],{},[15,133040,133036],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133043,133044],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133046,133047],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[134,133049,133050,133056],{},[137,133051,133052,133053,133055],{},"You call ",[15,133054,133036],{}," on the separator string",[137,133057,133058],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[129,133060,3396],{"id":3395},[31,133062,133064],{"className":33,"code":133063,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133065,133066,133099,133120],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133067,133068,133070,133072,133074,133076,133078,133080,133082,133084,133086,133088,133090,133092,133095,133097],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133069,205],{"class":46},[40,133071,51],{"class":50},[40,133073,55],{"class":54},[40,133075,213],{"class":212},[40,133077,7074],{"class":216},[40,133079,213],{"class":212},[40,133081,62],{"class":54},[40,133083,224],{"class":212},[40,133085,11963],{"class":216},[40,133087,213],{"class":212},[40,133089,62],{"class":54},[40,133091,224],{"class":212},[40,133093,133094],{"class":216},"fun",[40,133096,213],{"class":212},[40,133098,73],{"class":54},[40,133100,133101,133103,133105,133107,133109,133111,133114,133116,133118],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,133102,2013],{"class":46},[40,133104,51],{"class":50},[40,133106,224],{"class":212},[40,133108,224],{"class":212},[40,133110,289],{"class":54},[40,133112,133113],{"class":91},"join",[40,133115,88],{"class":54},[40,133117,253],{"class":91},[40,133119,95],{"class":54},[40,133121,133122,133124,133126,133128],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,133123,101],{"class":84},[40,133125,88],{"class":54},[40,133127,2048],{"class":91},[40,133129,95],{"class":54},[20,133131,111],{},[31,133133,133135],{"className":33,"code":133134,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Python is fun\n",[15,133136,133137],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133138,133139,133141,133143],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133140,285],{"class":46},[40,133142,11963],{"class":50},[40,133144,133145],{"class":46}," fun\n",[20,133147,123,133148,133150],{},[15,133149,133036],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[129,133152,158,133154,3466],{"id":133153},"what-join-does",[15,133155,133036],{},[20,133157,133158,133160],{},[15,133159,133036],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133162,11228],{},[134,133164,133165,133172,133200,133203],{},[137,133166,133167,133168,133171],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133169,133170],{},".join()"," as the separator",[137,133173,133174,133175],{},"Common separators are:\n",[134,133176,133177,133183,133189,133195],{},[137,133178,133179,133182],{},[15,133180,133181],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[137,133184,133185,133188],{},[15,133186,133187],{},"\", \""," for commas",[137,133190,133191,133194],{},[15,133192,133193],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[137,133196,133197,133199],{},[15,133198,6049],{}," for no separator",[137,133201,133202],{},"It returns a new string",[137,133204,133205],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133207,195],{},[31,133209,133211],{"className":33,"code":133210,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133212,133213,133245,133267,133271,133281],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133214,133215,133217,133219,133221,133223,133225,133227,133229,133231,133233,133235,133237,133239,133241,133243],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133216,205],{"class":46},[40,133218,51],{"class":50},[40,133220,55],{"class":54},[40,133222,213],{"class":212},[40,133224,318],{"class":216},[40,133226,213],{"class":212},[40,133228,62],{"class":54},[40,133230,224],{"class":212},[40,133232,327],{"class":216},[40,133234,213],{"class":212},[40,133236,62],{"class":54},[40,133238,224],{"class":212},[40,133240,336],{"class":216},[40,133242,213],{"class":212},[40,133244,73],{"class":54},[40,133246,133247,133249,133251,133253,133255,133257,133259,133261,133263,133265],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,133248,2013],{"class":46},[40,133250,51],{"class":50},[40,133252,224],{"class":212},[40,133254,1973],{"class":216},[40,133256,213],{"class":212},[40,133258,289],{"class":54},[40,133260,133113],{"class":91},[40,133262,88],{"class":54},[40,133264,253],{"class":91},[40,133266,95],{"class":54},[40,133268,133269],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,133270,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,133272,133273,133275,133277,133279],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,133274,101],{"class":84},[40,133276,88],{"class":54},[40,133278,2048],{"class":91},[40,133280,95],{"class":54},[40,133282,133283,133285,133287,133289],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,133284,101],{"class":84},[40,133286,88],{"class":54},[40,133288,253],{"class":91},[40,133290,95],{"class":54},[20,133292,111],{},[31,133294,133296],{"className":33,"code":133295,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133297,133298,133311],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133299,133300,133302,133304,133307,133309],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133301,318],{"class":46},[40,133303,62],{"class":54},[40,133305,133306],{"class":46}," green",[40,133308,62],{"class":54},[40,133310,35645],{"class":46},[40,133312,133313,133315,133317,133319,133321,133323,133325,133327,133329,133331,133333,133335,133337],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,133314,565],{"class":54},[40,133316,3087],{"class":212},[40,133318,318],{"class":216},[40,133320,3087],{"class":212},[40,133322,62],{"class":54},[40,133324,3082],{"class":212},[40,133326,327],{"class":216},[40,133328,3087],{"class":212},[40,133330,62],{"class":54},[40,133332,3082],{"class":212},[40,133334,336],{"class":216},[40,133336,3087],{"class":212},[40,133338,73],{"class":54},[20,133340,133341,133342,133344],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133343,133036],{}," creates a new string.",[129,133346,1940],{"id":1939},[20,133348,6995],{},[31,133350,133352],{"className":33,"code":133351,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133353,133354],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133355,133356,133359,133361,133363,133365,133367],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133357,133358],{"class":46},"separator",[40,133360,289],{"class":54},[40,133362,133113],{"class":91},[40,133364,88],{"class":54},[40,133366,3507],{"class":91},[40,133368,95],{"class":54},[792,133370,48762],{"id":48761},[134,133372,133373,133386,133391],{},[137,133374,133375,133377,133378,1973,133380,1973,133382,1977,133384],{},[15,133376,133358],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133379,133181],{},[15,133381,133187],{},[15,133383,133193],{},[15,133385,6049],{},[137,133387,133388,133390],{},[15,133389,3507],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[137,133392,133393],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133395,195],{},[31,133397,133399],{"className":33,"code":133398,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133400,133401,133433,133456,133460],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133402,133403,133405,133407,133409,133411,133413,133415,133417,133419,133421,133423,133425,133427,133429,133431],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133404,1508],{"class":46},[40,133406,51],{"class":50},[40,133408,55],{"class":54},[40,133410,213],{"class":212},[40,133412,1517],{"class":216},[40,133414,213],{"class":212},[40,133416,62],{"class":54},[40,133418,224],{"class":212},[40,133420,1526],{"class":216},[40,133422,213],{"class":212},[40,133424,62],{"class":54},[40,133426,224],{"class":212},[40,133428,1535],{"class":216},[40,133430,213],{"class":212},[40,133432,73],{"class":54},[40,133434,133435,133437,133439,133441,133444,133446,133448,133450,133452,133454],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,133436,2013],{"class":46},[40,133438,51],{"class":50},[40,133440,224],{"class":212},[40,133442,133443],{"class":216}," | ",[40,133445,213],{"class":212},[40,133447,289],{"class":54},[40,133449,133113],{"class":91},[40,133451,88],{"class":54},[40,133453,1566],{"class":91},[40,133455,95],{"class":54},[40,133457,133458],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,133459,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,133461,133462,133464,133466,133468],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,133463,101],{"class":84},[40,133465,88],{"class":54},[40,133467,2048],{"class":91},[40,133469,95],{"class":54},[20,133471,111],{},[31,133473,133475],{"className":33,"code":133474,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133476,133477],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133478,133479,133482,133484,133487,133489],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133480,133481],{"class":46},"Ana ",[40,133483,113461],{"class":50},[40,133485,133486],{"class":46}," Ben ",[40,133488,113461],{"class":50},[40,133490,1617],{"class":46},[20,133492,133493,133494,289],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[282,133495,124709],{"href":50728},[129,133497,121485],{"id":121484},[792,133499,133501],{"id":133500},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[31,133503,133505],{"className":33,"code":133504,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133506,133507,133540,133560,133564],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133508,133509,133511,133513,133515,133517,133519,133521,133523,133525,133527,133529,133531,133533,133536,133538],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133510,205],{"class":46},[40,133512,51],{"class":50},[40,133514,55],{"class":54},[40,133516,213],{"class":212},[40,133518,7074],{"class":216},[40,133520,213],{"class":212},[40,133522,62],{"class":54},[40,133524,224],{"class":212},[40,133526,11963],{"class":216},[40,133528,213],{"class":212},[40,133530,62],{"class":54},[40,133532,224],{"class":212},[40,133534,133535],{"class":216},"easy",[40,133537,213],{"class":212},[40,133539,73],{"class":54},[40,133541,133542,133544,133546,133548,133550,133552,133554,133556,133558],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,133543,2013],{"class":46},[40,133545,51],{"class":50},[40,133547,224],{"class":212},[40,133549,224],{"class":212},[40,133551,289],{"class":54},[40,133553,133113],{"class":91},[40,133555,88],{"class":54},[40,133557,253],{"class":91},[40,133559,95],{"class":54},[40,133561,133562],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,133563,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,133565,133566,133568,133570,133572],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,133567,101],{"class":84},[40,133569,88],{"class":54},[40,133571,2048],{"class":91},[40,133573,95],{"class":54},[20,133575,111],{},[31,133577,133579],{"className":33,"code":133578,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Python is easy\n",[15,133580,133581],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133582,133583,133585,133587],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133584,285],{"class":46},[40,133586,11963],{"class":50},[40,133588,133589],{"class":46}," easy\n",[792,133591,133593],{"id":133592},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[31,133595,133597],{"className":33,"code":133596,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133598,133599,133634,133656,133660],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133600,133601,133603,133605,133607,133609,133612,133614,133616,133618,133621,133623,133625,133627,133630,133632],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133602,479],{"class":46},[40,133604,51],{"class":50},[40,133606,55],{"class":54},[40,133608,213],{"class":212},[40,133610,133611],{"class":216},"apples",[40,133613,213],{"class":212},[40,133615,62],{"class":54},[40,133617,224],{"class":212},[40,133619,133620],{"class":216},"bananas",[40,133622,213],{"class":212},[40,133624,62],{"class":54},[40,133626,224],{"class":212},[40,133628,133629],{"class":216},"oranges",[40,133631,213],{"class":212},[40,133633,73],{"class":54},[40,133635,133636,133638,133640,133642,133644,133646,133648,133650,133652,133654],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,133637,2013],{"class":46},[40,133639,51],{"class":50},[40,133641,224],{"class":212},[40,133643,1973],{"class":216},[40,133645,213],{"class":212},[40,133647,289],{"class":54},[40,133649,133113],{"class":91},[40,133651,88],{"class":54},[40,133653,497],{"class":91},[40,133655,95],{"class":54},[40,133657,133658],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,133659,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,133661,133662,133664,133666,133668],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,133663,101],{"class":84},[40,133665,88],{"class":54},[40,133667,2048],{"class":91},[40,133669,95],{"class":54},[20,133671,111],{},[31,133673,133675],{"className":33,"code":133674,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133676,133677],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133678,133679,133681,133683,133686,133688],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133680,133611],{"class":46},[40,133682,62],{"class":54},[40,133684,133685],{"class":46}," bananas",[40,133687,62],{"class":54},[40,133689,133690],{"class":46}," oranges\n",[792,133692,133694],{"id":133693},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[31,133696,133698],{"className":33,"code":133697,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133699,133700,133757,133775,133779],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133701,133702,133704,133706,133708,133710,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727,133729,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739,133741,133743,133745,133747,133749,133751,133753,133755],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133703,1000],{"class":46},[40,133705,51],{"class":50},[40,133707,55],{"class":54},[40,133709,213],{"class":212},[40,133711,133712],{"class":216},"P",[40,133714,213],{"class":212},[40,133716,62],{"class":54},[40,133718,224],{"class":212},[40,133720,11514],{"class":216},[40,133722,213],{"class":212},[40,133724,62],{"class":54},[40,133726,224],{"class":212},[40,133728,63026],{"class":216},[40,133730,213],{"class":212},[40,133732,62],{"class":54},[40,133734,224],{"class":212},[40,133736,60178],{"class":216},[40,133738,213],{"class":212},[40,133740,62],{"class":54},[40,133742,224],{"class":212},[40,133744,60213],{"class":216},[40,133746,213],{"class":212},[40,133748,62],{"class":54},[40,133750,224],{"class":212},[40,133752,75629],{"class":216},[40,133754,213],{"class":212},[40,133756,73],{"class":54},[40,133758,133759,133761,133763,133765,133767,133769,133771,133773],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,133760,2013],{"class":46},[40,133762,51],{"class":50},[40,133764,5903],{"class":212},[40,133766,289],{"class":54},[40,133768,133113],{"class":91},[40,133770,88],{"class":54},[40,133772,1043],{"class":91},[40,133774,95],{"class":54},[40,133776,133777],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,133778,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,133780,133781,133783,133785,133787],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,133782,101],{"class":84},[40,133784,88],{"class":54},[40,133786,2048],{"class":91},[40,133788,95],{"class":54},[20,133790,111],{},[31,133792,133794],{"className":33,"code":133793,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Python\n",[15,133795,133796],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133797,133798],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133799,133793],{"class":46},[792,133801,133803,133804,133806],{"id":133802},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133805,133036],{}," returns the result",[31,133808,133810],{"className":33,"code":133809,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133811,133812,133845,133868,133872],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133813,133814,133816,133818,133820,133822,133824,133826,133828,133830,133832,133834,133836,133838,133841,133843],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133815,205],{"class":46},[40,133817,51],{"class":50},[40,133819,55],{"class":54},[40,133821,213],{"class":212},[40,133823,6363],{"class":216},[40,133825,213],{"class":212},[40,133827,62],{"class":54},[40,133829,224],{"class":212},[40,133831,78870],{"class":216},[40,133833,213],{"class":212},[40,133835,62],{"class":54},[40,133837,224],{"class":212},[40,133839,133840],{"class":216},"three",[40,133842,213],{"class":212},[40,133844,73],{"class":54},[40,133846,133847,133850,133852,133854,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,133848,133849],{"class":46},"joined_text ",[40,133851,51],{"class":50},[40,133853,224],{"class":212},[40,133855,1806],{"class":216},[40,133857,213],{"class":212},[40,133859,289],{"class":54},[40,133861,133113],{"class":91},[40,133863,88],{"class":54},[40,133865,253],{"class":91},[40,133867,95],{"class":54},[40,133869,133870],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,133871,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,133873,133874,133876,133878,133881],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,133875,101],{"class":84},[40,133877,88],{"class":54},[40,133879,133880],{"class":91},"joined_text",[40,133882,95],{"class":54},[20,133884,111],{},[31,133886,133888],{"className":33,"code":133887,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"one-two-three\n",[15,133889,133890],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133891,133892,133894,133896,133898,133900],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133893,6363],{"class":46},[40,133895,1806],{"class":50},[40,133897,78870],{"class":46},[40,133899,1806],{"class":50},[40,133901,133902],{"class":46},"three\n",[129,133904,133906],{"id":133905},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133908,133909],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[792,133911,133913,133916],{"id":133912},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133914,133915],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[31,133918,133920],{"className":33,"code":133919,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133921,133922,133946],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133923,133924,133926,133928,133930,133932,133934,133936,133938,133940,133942,133944],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133925,205],{"class":46},[40,133927,51],{"class":50},[40,133929,55],{"class":54},[40,133931,213],{"class":212},[40,133933,3632],{"class":216},[40,133935,213],{"class":212},[40,133937,62],{"class":54},[40,133939,224],{"class":212},[40,133941,60331],{"class":216},[40,133943,213],{"class":212},[40,133945,73],{"class":54},[40,133947,133948,133950,133952,133954,133956,133958,133960,133962,133964],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,133949,101],{"class":84},[40,133951,88],{"class":54},[40,133953,213],{"class":212},[40,133955,224],{"class":212},[40,133957,289],{"class":54},[40,133959,133113],{"class":91},[40,133961,88],{"class":54},[40,133963,253],{"class":91},[40,133965,256],{"class":54},[20,133967,111],{},[31,133969,133971],{"className":33,"code":133970,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"hello world\n",[15,133972,133973],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133974,133975],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133976,133970],{"class":46},[792,133978,133980,133983],{"id":133979},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133981,133982],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[31,133985,133987],{"className":33,"code":133986,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133988,133989,134021],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,133990,133991,133993,133995,133997,133999,134001,134003,134005,134007,134009,134011,134013,134015,134017,134019],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,133992,309],{"class":46},[40,133994,51],{"class":50},[40,133996,55],{"class":54},[40,133998,213],{"class":212},[40,134000,318],{"class":216},[40,134002,213],{"class":212},[40,134004,62],{"class":54},[40,134006,224],{"class":212},[40,134008,336],{"class":216},[40,134010,213],{"class":212},[40,134012,62],{"class":54},[40,134014,224],{"class":212},[40,134016,327],{"class":216},[40,134018,213],{"class":212},[40,134020,73],{"class":54},[40,134022,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031,134033,134035,134037,134039,134041],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,134024,101],{"class":84},[40,134026,88],{"class":54},[40,134028,213],{"class":212},[40,134030,1973],{"class":216},[40,134032,213],{"class":212},[40,134034,289],{"class":54},[40,134036,133113],{"class":91},[40,134038,88],{"class":54},[40,134040,353],{"class":91},[40,134042,256],{"class":54},[20,134044,111],{},[31,134046,134048],{"className":33,"code":134047,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134049,134050],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134051,134052,134054,134056,134059,134061],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134053,318],{"class":46},[40,134055,62],{"class":54},[40,134057,134058],{"class":46}," blue",[40,134060,62],{"class":54},[40,134062,35638],{"class":46},[20,134064,134065],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[792,134067,134069,134072],{"id":134068},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134070,134071],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[31,134074,134076],{"className":33,"code":134075,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134077,134078,134110],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134079,134080,134082,134084,134086,134088,134090,134092,134094,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134081,42588],{"class":46},[40,134083,51],{"class":50},[40,134085,55],{"class":54},[40,134087,213],{"class":212},[40,134089,35],{"class":216},[40,134091,213],{"class":212},[40,134093,62],{"class":54},[40,134095,224],{"class":212},[40,134097,60913],{"class":216},[40,134099,213],{"class":212},[40,134101,62],{"class":54},[40,134103,224],{"class":212},[40,134105,133113],{"class":216},[40,134107,213],{"class":212},[40,134109,73],{"class":54},[40,134111,134112,134114,134116,134118,134120,134122,134124,134126,134128,134130],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,134113,101],{"class":84},[40,134115,88],{"class":54},[40,134117,213],{"class":212},[40,134119,1806],{"class":216},[40,134121,213],{"class":212},[40,134123,289],{"class":54},[40,134125,133113],{"class":91},[40,134127,88],{"class":54},[40,134129,42620],{"class":91},[40,134131,256],{"class":54},[20,134133,111],{},[31,134135,134137],{"className":33,"code":134136,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"python-string-join\n",[15,134138,134139],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134140,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134142,35],{"class":46},[40,134144,1806],{"class":50},[40,134146,60913],{"class":46},[40,134148,1806],{"class":50},[40,134150,134151],{"class":46},"join\n",[792,134153,134155,134158],{"id":134154},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134156,134157],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[31,134160,134162],{"className":33,"code":134161,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134163,134164,134197],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134165,134166,134168,134170,134172,134174,134176,134178,134180,134182,134184,134186,134188,134190,134193,134195],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134167,112533],{"class":46},[40,134169,51],{"class":50},[40,134171,55],{"class":54},[40,134173,213],{"class":212},[40,134175,22006],{"class":216},[40,134177,213],{"class":212},[40,134179,62],{"class":54},[40,134181,224],{"class":212},[40,134183,30360],{"class":216},[40,134185,213],{"class":212},[40,134187,62],{"class":54},[40,134189,224],{"class":212},[40,134191,134192],{"class":216},"C",[40,134194,213],{"class":212},[40,134196,73],{"class":54},[40,134198,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134214],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,134200,101],{"class":84},[40,134202,88],{"class":54},[40,134204,6049],{"class":212},[40,134206,289],{"class":54},[40,134208,133113],{"class":91},[40,134210,88],{"class":54},[40,134212,134213],{"class":91},"chars",[40,134215,256],{"class":54},[20,134217,111],{},[31,134219,134221],{"className":33,"code":134220,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"ABC\n",[15,134222,134223],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134224,134225],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134226,134220],{"class":34215},[129,134228,134230],{"id":134229},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134232,134233,134235],{},[15,134234,133036],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[792,134237,134239],{"id":134238},"this-works","This works",[31,134241,134243],{"className":33,"code":134242,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134244,134245,134277],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134246,134247,134249,134251,134253,134255,134257,134259,134261,134263,134265,134267,134269,134271,134273,134275],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134248,3610],{"class":46},[40,134250,51],{"class":50},[40,134252,55],{"class":54},[40,134254,213],{"class":212},[40,134256,59],{"class":216},[40,134258,213],{"class":212},[40,134260,62],{"class":54},[40,134262,224],{"class":212},[40,134264,15521],{"class":216},[40,134266,213],{"class":212},[40,134268,62],{"class":54},[40,134270,224],{"class":212},[40,134272,36598],{"class":216},[40,134274,213],{"class":212},[40,134276,73],{"class":54},[40,134278,134279,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293,134295,134297],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,134280,101],{"class":84},[40,134282,88],{"class":54},[40,134284,213],{"class":212},[40,134286,1973],{"class":216},[40,134288,213],{"class":212},[40,134290,289],{"class":54},[40,134292,133113],{"class":91},[40,134294,88],{"class":54},[40,134296,5137],{"class":91},[40,134298,256],{"class":54},[20,134300,111],{},[31,134302,134304],{"className":33,"code":134303,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134305,134306],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134307,134308,134310,134312,134314,134316],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134309,59],{"class":58},[40,134311,62],{"class":54},[40,134313,65],{"class":58},[40,134315,62],{"class":54},[40,134317,134318],{"class":58}," 30\n",[792,134320,134322],{"id":134321},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[31,134324,134326],{"className":33,"code":134325,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134327,134328,134348],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134329,134330,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340,134342,134344,134346],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134331,3610],{"class":46},[40,134333,51],{"class":50},[40,134335,55],{"class":54},[40,134337,658],{"class":58},[40,134339,62],{"class":54},[40,134341,663],{"class":58},[40,134343,62],{"class":54},[40,134345,749],{"class":58},[40,134347,73],{"class":54},[40,134349,134350,134352,134354,134356,134358,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,134351,101],{"class":84},[40,134353,88],{"class":54},[40,134355,213],{"class":212},[40,134357,1973],{"class":216},[40,134359,213],{"class":212},[40,134361,289],{"class":54},[40,134363,133113],{"class":91},[40,134365,88],{"class":54},[40,134367,5137],{"class":91},[40,134369,256],{"class":54},[20,134371,89910,134372,134374],{},[15,134373,2790],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134376,134377],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[31,134379,134381],{"className":33,"code":134380,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134382,134383,134403,134433,134437],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134384,134385,134387,134389,134391,134393,134395,134397,134399,134401],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134386,3610],{"class":46},[40,134388,51],{"class":50},[40,134390,55],{"class":54},[40,134392,658],{"class":58},[40,134394,62],{"class":54},[40,134396,663],{"class":58},[40,134398,62],{"class":54},[40,134400,749],{"class":58},[40,134402,73],{"class":54},[40,134404,134405,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,134406,2013],{"class":46},[40,134408,51],{"class":50},[40,134410,224],{"class":212},[40,134412,1973],{"class":216},[40,134414,213],{"class":212},[40,134416,289],{"class":54},[40,134418,133113],{"class":91},[40,134420,88],{"class":54},[40,134422,39614],{"class":84},[40,134424,88],{"class":54},[40,134426,3231],{"class":609},[40,134428,62],{"class":54},[40,134430,3671],{"class":91},[40,134432,256],{"class":54},[40,134434,134435],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,134436,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,134438,134439,134441,134443,134445],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,134440,101],{"class":84},[40,134442,88],{"class":54},[40,134444,2048],{"class":91},[40,134446,95],{"class":54},[20,134448,111],{},[31,134450,134452],{"className":33,"code":134451,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134453,134454],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134455,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134457,658],{"class":58},[40,134459,62],{"class":54},[40,134461,663],{"class":58},[40,134463,62],{"class":54},[40,134465,2360],{"class":58},[20,134467,134468,134469,289],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[282,134470,285,134471,288],{"href":41928},[15,134472,47435],{},[792,134474,134476,134478],{"id":134475},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134477,3565],{}," values do not work directly",[31,134480,134482],{"className":33,"code":134481,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134483,134484,134512],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134485,134486,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134487,3610],{"class":46},[40,134489,51],{"class":50},[40,134491,55],{"class":54},[40,134493,213],{"class":212},[40,134495,3862],{"class":216},[40,134497,213],{"class":212},[40,134499,62],{"class":54},[40,134501,3639],{"class":1494},[40,134503,62],{"class":54},[40,134505,224],{"class":212},[40,134507,3871],{"class":216},[40,134509,213],{"class":212},[40,134511,73],{"class":54},[40,134513,134514,134516,134518,134520,134522,134524,134526,134528,134530,134532],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,134515,101],{"class":84},[40,134517,88],{"class":54},[40,134519,213],{"class":212},[40,134521,1973],{"class":216},[40,134523,213],{"class":212},[40,134525,289],{"class":54},[40,134527,133113],{"class":91},[40,134529,88],{"class":54},[40,134531,5137],{"class":91},[40,134533,256],{"class":54},[20,134535,134536,134537,289],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134538,2790],{},[20,134540,134541],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[31,134543,134545],{"className":33,"code":134544,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134546,134547,134575,134605,134609],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134548,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567,134569,134571,134573],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134550,3610],{"class":46},[40,134552,51],{"class":50},[40,134554,55],{"class":54},[40,134556,213],{"class":212},[40,134558,3862],{"class":216},[40,134560,213],{"class":212},[40,134562,62],{"class":54},[40,134564,3639],{"class":1494},[40,134566,62],{"class":54},[40,134568,224],{"class":212},[40,134570,3871],{"class":216},[40,134572,213],{"class":212},[40,134574,73],{"class":54},[40,134576,134577,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595,134597,134599,134601,134603],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,134578,2013],{"class":46},[40,134580,51],{"class":50},[40,134582,224],{"class":212},[40,134584,1973],{"class":216},[40,134586,213],{"class":212},[40,134588,289],{"class":54},[40,134590,133113],{"class":91},[40,134592,88],{"class":54},[40,134594,39614],{"class":84},[40,134596,88],{"class":54},[40,134598,3231],{"class":609},[40,134600,62],{"class":54},[40,134602,3671],{"class":91},[40,134604,256],{"class":54},[40,134606,134607],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,134608,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,134610,134611,134613,134615,134617],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,134612,101],{"class":84},[40,134614,88],{"class":54},[40,134616,2048],{"class":91},[40,134618,95],{"class":54},[20,134620,111],{},[31,134622,134624],{"className":33,"code":134623,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134625,134626],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134627,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134629,3862],{"class":46},[40,134631,62],{"class":54},[40,134633,3639],{"class":1494},[40,134635,62],{"class":54},[40,134637,134638],{"class":46}," banana\n",[20,134640,134641,134642,134644],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134643,3565],{}," values instead of converting them.",[792,134646,134648,134650],{"id":134647},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134649,133036],{}," also works with tuples",[31,134652,134654],{"className":33,"code":134653,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134655,134656,134688],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134657,134658,134660,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134659,1508],{"class":46},[40,134661,51],{"class":50},[40,134663,9006],{"class":54},[40,134665,213],{"class":212},[40,134667,7455],{"class":216},[40,134669,213],{"class":212},[40,134671,62],{"class":54},[40,134673,224],{"class":212},[40,134675,131042],{"class":216},[40,134677,213],{"class":212},[40,134679,62],{"class":54},[40,134681,224],{"class":212},[40,134683,7696],{"class":216},[40,134685,213],{"class":212},[40,134687,95],{"class":54},[40,134689,134690,134692,134694,134696,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,134691,101],{"class":84},[40,134693,88],{"class":54},[40,134695,213],{"class":212},[40,134697,134698],{"class":216}," \u002F ",[40,134700,213],{"class":212},[40,134702,289],{"class":54},[40,134704,133113],{"class":91},[40,134706,88],{"class":54},[40,134708,1566],{"class":91},[40,134710,256],{"class":54},[20,134712,111],{},[31,134714,134716],{"className":33,"code":134715,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134717,134718],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134719,134720,134723,134725,134728,134730],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134721,134722],{"class":46},"Sam ",[40,134724,126846],{"class":50},[40,134726,134727],{"class":46}," Lee ",[40,134729,126846],{"class":50},[40,134731,22095],{"class":46},[129,134733,134735,134736],{"id":134734},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134737,133036],{},[20,134739,134740],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[792,134742,134744,134745,134747],{"id":134743},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134746,2790],{}," because not all items are strings",[31,134749,134751],{"className":33,"code":134750,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134752,134753,134781],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134754,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134756,479],{"class":46},[40,134758,51],{"class":50},[40,134760,55],{"class":54},[40,134762,213],{"class":212},[40,134764,282],{"class":216},[40,134766,213],{"class":212},[40,134768,62],{"class":54},[40,134770,663],{"class":58},[40,134772,62],{"class":54},[40,134774,224],{"class":212},[40,134776,1026],{"class":216},[40,134778,213],{"class":212},[40,134780,73],{"class":54},[40,134782,134783,134785,134787,134789,134791,134793,134795,134797,134799],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,134784,101],{"class":84},[40,134786,88],{"class":54},[40,134788,213],{"class":212},[40,134790,224],{"class":212},[40,134792,289],{"class":54},[40,134794,133113],{"class":91},[40,134796,88],{"class":54},[40,134798,497],{"class":91},[40,134800,256],{"class":54},[20,134802,48262,134803,134805],{},[15,134804,744],{}," is an integer.",[20,134807,39016],{},[31,134809,134811],{"className":33,"code":134810,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134812,134813,134841],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134814,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134816,479],{"class":46},[40,134818,51],{"class":50},[40,134820,55],{"class":54},[40,134822,213],{"class":212},[40,134824,282],{"class":216},[40,134826,213],{"class":212},[40,134828,62],{"class":54},[40,134830,663],{"class":58},[40,134832,62],{"class":54},[40,134834,224],{"class":212},[40,134836,1026],{"class":216},[40,134838,213],{"class":212},[40,134840,73],{"class":54},[40,134842,134843,134845,134847,134849,134851,134853,134855,134857,134859,134861,134863,134865,134867],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,134844,101],{"class":84},[40,134846,88],{"class":54},[40,134848,213],{"class":212},[40,134850,224],{"class":212},[40,134852,289],{"class":54},[40,134854,133113],{"class":91},[40,134856,88],{"class":54},[40,134858,39614],{"class":84},[40,134860,88],{"class":54},[40,134862,3231],{"class":609},[40,134864,62],{"class":54},[40,134866,5742],{"class":91},[40,134868,2697],{"class":54},[20,134870,134871,134872,289],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[282,134873,25442,134875],{"href":134874},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134876,134877],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[792,134879,134881,134882,134884],{"id":134880},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134883,133036],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134886,4307],{},[31,134888,134890],{"className":33,"code":134889,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134891,134892,134924],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134893,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134895,205],{"class":46},[40,134897,51],{"class":50},[40,134899,55],{"class":54},[40,134901,213],{"class":212},[40,134903,7074],{"class":216},[40,134905,213],{"class":212},[40,134907,62],{"class":54},[40,134909,224],{"class":212},[40,134911,11963],{"class":216},[40,134913,213],{"class":212},[40,134915,62],{"class":54},[40,134917,224],{"class":212},[40,134919,133094],{"class":216},[40,134921,213],{"class":212},[40,134923,73],{"class":54},[40,134925,134926,134928,134930,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940,134942],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,134927,2013],{"class":46},[40,134929,51],{"class":50},[40,134931,5945],{"class":46},[40,134933,289],{"class":54},[40,134935,133113],{"class":91},[40,134937,88],{"class":54},[40,134939,213],{"class":212},[40,134941,224],{"class":212},[40,134943,95],{"class":54},[20,134945,134946,134948],{},[15,134947,133036],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134950,10577],{},[31,134952,134954],{"className":33,"code":134953,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134955,134956,134988,135008,135012],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,134957,134958,134960,134962,134964,134966,134968,134970,134972,134974,134976,134978,134980,134982,134984,134986],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,134959,205],{"class":46},[40,134961,51],{"class":50},[40,134963,55],{"class":54},[40,134965,213],{"class":212},[40,134967,7074],{"class":216},[40,134969,213],{"class":212},[40,134971,62],{"class":54},[40,134973,224],{"class":212},[40,134975,11963],{"class":216},[40,134977,213],{"class":212},[40,134979,62],{"class":54},[40,134981,224],{"class":212},[40,134983,133094],{"class":216},[40,134985,213],{"class":212},[40,134987,73],{"class":54},[40,134989,134990,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,134991,2013],{"class":46},[40,134993,51],{"class":50},[40,134995,224],{"class":212},[40,134997,224],{"class":212},[40,134999,289],{"class":54},[40,135001,133113],{"class":91},[40,135003,88],{"class":54},[40,135005,253],{"class":91},[40,135007,95],{"class":54},[40,135009,135010],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,135011,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,135013,135014,135016,135018,135020],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,135015,101],{"class":84},[40,135017,88],{"class":54},[40,135019,2048],{"class":91},[40,135021,95],{"class":54},[792,135023,135025],{"id":135024},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[31,135027,135029],{"className":33,"code":135028,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135030,135031,135063],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135032,135033,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135034,205],{"class":46},[40,135036,51],{"class":50},[40,135038,55],{"class":54},[40,135040,213],{"class":212},[40,135042,6363],{"class":216},[40,135044,213],{"class":212},[40,135046,62],{"class":54},[40,135048,224],{"class":212},[40,135050,78870],{"class":216},[40,135052,213],{"class":212},[40,135054,62],{"class":54},[40,135056,224],{"class":212},[40,135058,133840],{"class":216},[40,135060,213],{"class":212},[40,135062,73],{"class":54},[40,135064,135065,135067,135069,135071,135073,135075,135077,135079],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,135066,101],{"class":84},[40,135068,88],{"class":54},[40,135070,6049],{"class":212},[40,135072,289],{"class":54},[40,135074,133113],{"class":91},[40,135076,88],{"class":54},[40,135078,253],{"class":91},[40,135080,256],{"class":54},[20,135082,111],{},[31,135084,135086],{"className":33,"code":135085,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"onetwothree\n",[15,135087,135088],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135089,135090],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135091,135085],{"class":46},[20,135093,135094,135095,6409],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135096,133181],{},[792,135098,135100,135101,131304],{"id":135099},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135102,133036],{},[31,135104,135106],{"className":33,"code":135105,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135107,135108,135140,135158,135162],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135109,135110,135112,135114,135116,135118,135120,135122,135124,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134,135136,135138],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135111,205],{"class":46},[40,135113,51],{"class":50},[40,135115,55],{"class":54},[40,135117,213],{"class":212},[40,135119,282],{"class":216},[40,135121,213],{"class":212},[40,135123,62],{"class":54},[40,135125,224],{"class":212},[40,135127,1017],{"class":216},[40,135129,213],{"class":212},[40,135131,62],{"class":54},[40,135133,224],{"class":212},[40,135135,1026],{"class":216},[40,135137,213],{"class":212},[40,135139,73],{"class":54},[40,135141,135142,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,135143,213],{"class":43080},[40,135145,1806],{"class":43084},[40,135147,213],{"class":43080},[40,135149,289],{"class":54},[40,135151,133113],{"class":91},[40,135153,88],{"class":54},[40,135155,253],{"class":91},[40,135157,95],{"class":54},[40,135159,135160],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,135161,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,135163,135164,135166,135168,135170],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,135165,101],{"class":84},[40,135167,88],{"class":54},[40,135169,253],{"class":91},[40,135171,95],{"class":54},[20,135173,111],{},[31,135175,135176],{"className":33,"code":42627,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,135177,135178],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135179,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202,135204],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135181,565],{"class":54},[40,135183,3087],{"class":212},[40,135185,282],{"class":216},[40,135187,3087],{"class":212},[40,135189,62],{"class":54},[40,135191,3082],{"class":212},[40,135193,1017],{"class":216},[40,135195,3087],{"class":212},[40,135197,62],{"class":54},[40,135199,3082],{"class":212},[40,135201,1026],{"class":216},[40,135203,3087],{"class":212},[40,135205,73],{"class":54},[20,135207,135208,135209,135211],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135210,133036],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[129,135213,135215,135217,135218],{"id":135214},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135216,133036],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135219,1843],{},[20,135221,10360,135222,4176,135224,135226],{},[15,135223,133036],{},[15,135225,1843],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[792,135228,123,135230,135232],{"id":135229},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135231,1843],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[31,135234,135236],{"className":33,"code":135235,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135237,135238,135251,135264,135284,135288],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135239,135240,135243,135245,135247,135249],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135241,135242],{"class":46},"first ",[40,135244,51],{"class":50},[40,135246,224],{"class":212},[40,135248,34630],{"class":216},[40,135250,3146],{"class":212},[40,135252,135253,135256,135258,135260,135262],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,135254,135255],{"class":46},"second ",[40,135257,51],{"class":50},[40,135259,224],{"class":212},[40,135261,89339],{"class":216},[40,135263,3146],{"class":212},[40,135265,135266,135268,135270,135273,135275,135277,135279,135281],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,135267,2013],{"class":46},[40,135269,51],{"class":50},[40,135271,135272],{"class":46}," first ",[40,135274,1843],{"class":50},[40,135276,224],{"class":212},[40,135278,224],{"class":212},[40,135280,2237],{"class":50},[40,135282,135283],{"class":46}," second\n",[40,135285,135286],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,135287,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,135289,135290,135292,135294,135296],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,135291,101],{"class":84},[40,135293,88],{"class":54},[40,135295,2048],{"class":91},[40,135297,95],{"class":54},[20,135299,111],{},[31,135301,135303],{"className":33,"code":135302,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Hello World\n",[15,135304,135305],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135306,135307],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135308,135302],{"class":46},[792,135310,123,135312,135314],{"id":135311},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135313,133036],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[31,135316,135318],{"className":33,"code":135317,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135319,135320,135362,135382,135386],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135321,135322,135324,135326,135328,135330,135332,135334,135336,135338,135341,135343,135345,135347,135350,135352,135354,135356,135358,135360],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135323,205],{"class":46},[40,135325,51],{"class":50},[40,135327,55],{"class":54},[40,135329,213],{"class":212},[40,135331,7074],{"class":216},[40,135333,213],{"class":212},[40,135335,62],{"class":54},[40,135337,224],{"class":212},[40,135339,135340],{"class":216},"makes",[40,135342,213],{"class":212},[40,135344,62],{"class":54},[40,135346,224],{"class":212},[40,135348,135349],{"class":216},"this",[40,135351,213],{"class":212},[40,135353,62],{"class":54},[40,135355,224],{"class":212},[40,135357,133535],{"class":216},[40,135359,213],{"class":212},[40,135361,73],{"class":54},[40,135363,135364,135366,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,135365,2013],{"class":46},[40,135367,51],{"class":50},[40,135369,224],{"class":212},[40,135371,224],{"class":212},[40,135373,289],{"class":54},[40,135375,133113],{"class":91},[40,135377,88],{"class":54},[40,135379,253],{"class":91},[40,135381,95],{"class":54},[40,135383,135384],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,135385,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,135387,135388,135390,135392,135394],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,135389,101],{"class":84},[40,135391,88],{"class":54},[40,135393,2048],{"class":91},[40,135395,95],{"class":54},[20,135397,111],{},[31,135399,135401],{"className":33,"code":135400,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135402,135403],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135404,135405],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135406,135400],{"class":46},[20,135408,135409,135411],{},[15,135410,133036],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[134,135413,135414,135417,135420],{},[137,135415,135416],{},"You already have a list of strings",[137,135418,135419],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[137,135421,135422,135423,135425],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135424,1843],{}," operators",[20,135427,135428,135429,289],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[282,135430,135432],{"href":135431},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[129,135434,135436],{"id":135435},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135438,8646,135439,135441],{},[15,135440,133036],{}," is not working, check these first:",[134,135443,135444,135447,135452,135461,135467],{},[137,135445,135446],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[137,135448,135449,135450],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135451,3565],{},[137,135453,135454,135455,799,135458],{},"You may have written ",[15,135456,135457],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135459,135460],{},"string.join(...)",[137,135462,135463,135464,135466],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135465,133036],{}," to change the original iterable",[137,135468,135469],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135471,93979],{},[31,135473,135475],{"className":33,"code":135474,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135476,135477,135491,135501,135525,135565],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135478,135479,135481,135483,135485,135487,135489],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135480,101],{"class":84},[40,135482,88],{"class":54},[40,135484,1297],{"class":609},[40,135486,88],{"class":54},[40,135488,497],{"class":91},[40,135490,256],{"class":54},[40,135492,135493,135495,135497,135499],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,135494,101],{"class":84},[40,135496,88],{"class":54},[40,135498,497],{"class":91},[40,135500,95],{"class":54},[40,135502,135503,135505,135507,135509,135511,135513,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,135504,101],{"class":84},[40,135506,2771],{"class":54},[40,135508,1297],{"class":609},[40,135510,88],{"class":54},[40,135512,23072],{"class":91},[40,135514,18],{"class":54},[40,135516,3663],{"class":535},[40,135518,5737],{"class":91},[40,135520,1554],{"class":535},[40,135522,5742],{"class":91},[40,135524,570],{"class":54},[40,135526,135527,135529,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551,135553,135555,135557,135559,135561,135563],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,135528,101],{"class":84},[40,135530,88],{"class":54},[40,135532,3087],{"class":212},[40,135534,3082],{"class":212},[40,135536,289],{"class":54},[40,135538,133113],{"class":91},[40,135540,2771],{"class":54},[40,135542,3087],{"class":212},[40,135544,282],{"class":216},[40,135546,3087],{"class":212},[40,135548,62],{"class":54},[40,135550,3082],{"class":212},[40,135552,1017],{"class":216},[40,135554,3087],{"class":212},[40,135556,62],{"class":54},[40,135558,3082],{"class":212},[40,135560,1026],{"class":216},[40,135562,3087],{"class":212},[40,135564,2784],{"class":54},[40,135566,135567,135569,135571,135573,135575,135577,135579,135581,135583,135585,135587,135589,135591,135593,135595,135597,135599,135601,135603],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,135568,101],{"class":84},[40,135570,88],{"class":54},[40,135572,3087],{"class":212},[40,135574,1973],{"class":216},[40,135576,3087],{"class":212},[40,135578,289],{"class":54},[40,135580,133113],{"class":91},[40,135582,88],{"class":54},[40,135584,39614],{"class":84},[40,135586,88],{"class":54},[40,135588,3231],{"class":609},[40,135590,62],{"class":54},[40,135592,55],{"class":54},[40,135594,658],{"class":58},[40,135596,62],{"class":54},[40,135598,663],{"class":58},[40,135600,62],{"class":54},[40,135602,749],{"class":58},[40,135604,37021],{"class":54},[20,135606,135607],{},"What these checks do:",[134,135609,135610,135618,135624,135630,135639],{},[137,135611,135612,135615,135616,613],{},[15,135613,135614],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135617,497],{},[137,135619,135620,135623],{},[15,135621,135622],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[137,135625,135626,135629],{},[15,135627,135628],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[137,135631,135632,135635,135636,135638],{},[15,135633,135634],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135637,133036],{}," behavior",[137,135640,135641,135644],{},[15,135642,135643],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[129,135646,1636],{"id":1635},[792,135648,12474,135650,135652],{"id":135649},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135651,133036],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135654,135655,135656,135658,135659,289],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135657,133036],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135660,135661],{},"map(str, values)",[792,135663,12474,135665,56906],{"id":135664},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135666,133036],{},[20,135668,135669],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[792,135671,1671,135673,62374],{"id":135672},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135674,133036],{},[20,135676,41905,135677,135679],{},[15,135678,133036],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[792,135681,1650,135683,39715],{"id":135682},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135684,135685],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135687,135688],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[792,135690,135692,135693,135695,135696,2275],{"id":135691},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135694,2790],{}," when using ",[15,135697,133036],{},[20,135699,135700],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[129,135702,1687],{"id":1686},[134,135704,135705,135710,135716,135722,135728],{},[137,135706,135707],{},[282,135708,135709],{"href":135431},"How to join strings in Python",[137,135711,135712],{},[282,135713,125954,135714,10510],{"href":128641},[15,135715,60271],{},[137,135717,135718],{},[282,135719,285,135720,288],{"href":41928},[15,135721,47435],{},[137,135723,135724],{},[282,135725,30107,135726],{"href":134874},[15,135727,134877],{},[137,135729,135730],{},[282,135731,124709],{"href":50728},[20,135733,96949,135734,135736],{},[15,135735,133036],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1715,135738,135739],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":135741},[135742,135743,135745,135748,135755,135765,135773,135783,135790,135791,135803],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":133153,"depth":76,"text":135744},"What join() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940,"children":135746},[135747],{"id":48761,"depth":98,"text":48762},{"id":121484,"depth":76,"text":121485,"children":135749},[135750,135751,135752,135753],{"id":133500,"depth":98,"text":133501},{"id":133592,"depth":98,"text":133593},{"id":133693,"depth":98,"text":133694},{"id":133802,"depth":98,"text":135754},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133905,"depth":76,"text":133906,"children":135756},[135757,135759,135761,135763],{"id":133912,"depth":98,"text":135758},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133979,"depth":98,"text":135760},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134068,"depth":98,"text":135762},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134154,"depth":98,"text":135764},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134229,"depth":76,"text":134230,"children":135766},[135767,135768,135769,135771],{"id":134238,"depth":98,"text":134239},{"id":134321,"depth":98,"text":134322},{"id":134475,"depth":98,"text":135770},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134647,"depth":98,"text":135772},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134734,"depth":76,"text":135774,"children":135775},"Common errors with join()",[135776,135778,135780,135781],{"id":134743,"depth":98,"text":135777},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134880,"depth":98,"text":135779},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135024,"depth":98,"text":135025},{"id":135099,"depth":98,"text":135782},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135214,"depth":76,"text":135784,"children":135785},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135786,135788],{"id":135229,"depth":98,"text":135787},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135311,"depth":98,"text":135789},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135435,"depth":76,"text":135436},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":135792},[135793,135795,135797,135799,135801],{"id":135649,"depth":98,"text":135794},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135664,"depth":98,"text":135796},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135672,"depth":98,"text":135798},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135682,"depth":98,"text":135800},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135691,"depth":98,"text":135802},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133028,"description":135804},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135811,"title":135812,"body":135813,"description":137381,"extension":1746,"meta":137382,"navigation":360,"path":137383,"seo":137384,"stem":137385,"__hash__":137386},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135814,"toc":137348},[135815,135820,135825,135827,135841,135886,135893,135898,135903,135905,135921,135930,135932,135934,135949,135951,135961,135963,136025,136027,136030,136091,136093,136109,136111,136124,136127,136174,136176,136182,136185,136188,136248,136256,136342,136346,136351,136353,136367,136370,136455,136458,136516,136527,136582,136584,136591,136597,136603,136647,136650,136697,136699,136701,136708,136710,136741,136744,136746,136777,136781,136784,136786,136826,136828,136871,136877,136882,136884,136911,136916,136919,136968,136972,136975,137050,137061,137064,137121,137128,137134,137142,137147,137154,137161,137179,137181,137235,137243,137245,137250,137253,137259,137265,137270,137273,137279,137285,137292,137300,137302,137345],[10,135816,122954,135818,11091],{"id":135817},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135819,123684],{},[20,135821,122959,135822,135824],{},[15,135823,123684],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135826,23849],{},[134,135828,135829,135832,135835,135838],{},[137,135830,135831],{},"convert text to lowercase",[137,135833,135834],{},"compare text without case differences",[137,135836,135837],{},"clean up user input",[137,135839,135840],{},"make simple text matching easier",[31,135842,135844],{"className":33,"code":135843,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135845,135846,135859,135873],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135847,135848,135850,135852,135854,135857],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135849,34450],{"class":46},[40,135851,51],{"class":50},[40,135853,224],{"class":212},[40,135855,135856],{"class":216},"Hello WORLD",[40,135858,3146],{"class":212},[40,135860,135861,135863,135865,135867,135869,135871],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,135862,2013],{"class":46},[40,135864,51],{"class":50},[40,135866,42593],{"class":46},[40,135868,289],{"class":54},[40,135870,8410],{"class":91},[40,135872,8413],{"class":54},[40,135874,135875,135877,135879,135881,135883],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,135876,101],{"class":84},[40,135878,88],{"class":54},[40,135880,2048],{"class":91},[40,135882,18],{"class":54},[40,135884,135885],{"class":3449},"  # hello world\n",[20,135887,135888,88562,135890,135892],{},[183,135889,83420],{},[15,135891,123684],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[129,135894,158,135896,3466],{"id":135895},"what-lower-does",[15,135897,123684],{},[20,135899,135900,135902],{},[15,135901,123684],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135904,12821],{},[134,135906,135907,135912,135915,135918],{},[137,135908,135909,135911],{},[15,135910,123684],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[137,135913,135914],{},"It works on string objects",[137,135916,135917],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[137,135919,135920],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135922,124706,135923,135927,135928,289],{},[282,135924,135926],{"href":135925},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[282,135929,50729],{"href":50728},[129,135931,1940],{"id":1939},[20,135933,1943],{},[31,135935,135937],{"className":33,"code":135936,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.lower()\n",[15,135938,135939],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135940,135941,135943,135945,135947],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135942,60913],{"class":46},[40,135944,289],{"class":54},[40,135946,8410],{"class":91},[40,135948,8413],{"class":54},[20,135950,43402],{},[134,135952,135953,135955,135958],{},[137,135954,97127],{},[137,135956,135957],{},"You call it directly on a string",[137,135959,135960],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135962,195],{},[31,135964,135966],{"className":33,"code":135965,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135967,135968,135991,135995,136008],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,135969,135970,135972,135974,135976,135979,135981,135983,135985,135988],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,135971,101],{"class":84},[40,135973,88],{"class":54},[40,135975,213],{"class":212},[40,135977,135978],{"class":216},"HELLO",[40,135980,213],{"class":212},[40,135982,289],{"class":54},[40,135984,8410],{"class":91},[40,135986,135987],{"class":54},"())",[40,135989,135990],{"class":3449},"  # hello\n",[40,135992,135993],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,135994,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,135996,135997,135999,136001,136003,136006],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,135998,7651],{"class":46},[40,136000,51],{"class":50},[40,136002,224],{"class":212},[40,136004,136005],{"class":216},"PyThOn",[40,136007,3146],{"class":212},[40,136009,136010,136012,136014,136016,136018,136020,136022],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,136011,101],{"class":84},[40,136013,88],{"class":54},[40,136015,7446],{"class":91},[40,136017,289],{"class":54},[40,136019,8410],{"class":91},[40,136021,135987],{"class":54},[40,136023,136024],{"class":3449},"  # python\n",[129,136026,11245],{"id":11244},[20,136028,136029],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[31,136031,136033],{"className":33,"code":136032,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136034,136035,136047,136051,136066,136070,136081],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136036,136037,136039,136041,136043,136045],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136038,34450],{"class":46},[40,136040,51],{"class":50},[40,136042,224],{"class":212},[40,136044,135856],{"class":216},[40,136046,3146],{"class":212},[40,136048,136049],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,136050,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,136052,136053,136056,136058,136060,136062,136064],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,136054,136055],{"class":46},"lower_text ",[40,136057,51],{"class":50},[40,136059,42593],{"class":46},[40,136061,289],{"class":54},[40,136063,8410],{"class":91},[40,136065,8413],{"class":54},[40,136067,136068],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,136069,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,136071,136072,136074,136076,136079],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,136073,101],{"class":84},[40,136075,88],{"class":54},[40,136077,136078],{"class":91},"lower_text",[40,136080,95],{"class":54},[40,136082,136083,136085,136087,136089],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,136084,101],{"class":84},[40,136086,88],{"class":54},[40,136088,34471],{"class":91},[40,136090,95],{"class":54},[20,136092,111],{},[31,136094,136096],{"className":33,"code":136095,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136097,136098,136102],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136099,136100],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136101,133970],{"class":46},[40,136103,136104,136106],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,136105,131370],{"class":46},[40,136107,136108],{"class":34215},"WORLD\n",[20,136110,24369],{},[134,136112,136113,136118],{},[137,136114,136115,136117],{},[15,136116,123684],{}," returns the lowercase result",[137,136119,136120,136121,136123],{},"the original ",[15,136122,34471],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136125,136126],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[31,136128,136130],{"className":33,"code":136129,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136131,136132,136144,136158,136162],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136133,136134,136136,136138,136140,136142],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136135,34450],{"class":46},[40,136137,51],{"class":50},[40,136139,224],{"class":212},[40,136141,135856],{"class":216},[40,136143,3146],{"class":212},[40,136145,136146,136148,136150,136152,136154,136156],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,136147,34450],{"class":46},[40,136149,51],{"class":50},[40,136151,42593],{"class":46},[40,136153,289],{"class":54},[40,136155,8410],{"class":91},[40,136157,8413],{"class":54},[40,136159,136160],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,136161,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,136163,136164,136166,136168,136170,136172],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,136165,101],{"class":84},[40,136167,88],{"class":54},[40,136169,34471],{"class":91},[40,136171,18],{"class":54},[40,136173,135885],{"class":3449},[129,136175,17184],{"id":17183},[20,136177,136178,21736,136180,289],{},[15,136179,123684],{},[183,136181,60913],{},[20,136183,136184],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136186,136187],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[31,136189,136191],{"className":33,"code":136190,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136192,136193,136207,136211,136234],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136194,136195,136198,136200,136202,136205],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136196,136197],{"class":46},"answer ",[40,136199,51],{"class":50},[40,136201,224],{"class":212},[40,136203,136204],{"class":216},"YES",[40,136206,3146],{"class":212},[40,136208,136209],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,136210,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,136212,136213,136215,136218,136220,136222,136224,136226,136228,136230,136232],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,136214,536],{"class":535},[40,136216,136217],{"class":46}," answer",[40,136219,289],{"class":54},[40,136221,8410],{"class":91},[40,136223,7143],{"class":54},[40,136225,6185],{"class":50},[40,136227,224],{"class":212},[40,136229,8428],{"class":216},[40,136231,213],{"class":212},[40,136233,553],{"class":54},[40,136235,136236,136238,136240,136242,136244,136246],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,136237,558],{"class":84},[40,136239,88],{"class":54},[40,136241,213],{"class":212},[40,136243,96436],{"class":216},[40,136245,213],{"class":212},[40,136247,95],{"class":54},[20,136249,136250,136251,2669],{},"This is especially useful with ",[282,136252,136253,136254,2087],{"href":7991},"the ",[15,136255,2743],{},[31,136257,136259],{"className":33,"code":136258,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136260,136261,136280,136284,136306,136321,136327],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136262,136263,136265,136267,136269,136271,136273,136276,136278],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136264,136197],{"class":46},[40,136266,51],{"class":50},[40,136268,8013],{"class":84},[40,136270,88],{"class":54},[40,136272,213],{"class":212},[40,136274,136275],{"class":216},"Type yes or no: ",[40,136277,213],{"class":212},[40,136279,95],{"class":54},[40,136281,136282],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,136283,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,136285,136286,136288,136290,136292,136294,136296,136298,136300,136302,136304],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,136287,536],{"class":535},[40,136289,136217],{"class":46},[40,136291,289],{"class":54},[40,136293,8410],{"class":91},[40,136295,7143],{"class":54},[40,136297,6185],{"class":50},[40,136299,224],{"class":212},[40,136301,8428],{"class":216},[40,136303,213],{"class":212},[40,136305,553],{"class":54},[40,136307,136308,136310,136312,136314,136317,136319],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,136309,558],{"class":84},[40,136311,88],{"class":54},[40,136313,213],{"class":212},[40,136315,136316],{"class":216},"You typed yes",[40,136318,213],{"class":212},[40,136320,95],{"class":54},[40,136322,136323,136325],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,136324,576],{"class":535},[40,136326,553],{"class":54},[40,136328,136329,136331,136333,136335,136338,136340],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,136330,558],{"class":84},[40,136332,88],{"class":54},[40,136334,213],{"class":212},[40,136336,136337],{"class":216},"You typed something else",[40,136339,213],{"class":212},[40,136341,95],{"class":54},[129,136343,136345],{"id":136344},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136347,136348,136350],{},[15,136349,123684],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136352,7120],{},[134,136354,136355,136358,136361,136364],{},[137,136356,136357],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[137,136359,136360],{},"Make text matching easier",[137,136362,136363],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[137,136365,136366],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136368,136369],{},"Example: checking user input",[31,136371,136373],{"className":33,"code":136372,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136374,136375,136393,136397,136419,136434,136440],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136376,136377,136379,136381,136383,136385,136387,136389,136391],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136378,44711],{"class":46},[40,136380,51],{"class":50},[40,136382,8013],{"class":84},[40,136384,88],{"class":54},[40,136386,213],{"class":212},[40,136388,44722],{"class":216},[40,136390,213],{"class":212},[40,136392,95],{"class":54},[40,136394,136395],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,136396,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,136398,136399,136401,136403,136405,136407,136409,136411,136413,136415,136417],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,136400,536],{"class":535},[40,136402,35615],{"class":46},[40,136404,289],{"class":54},[40,136406,8410],{"class":91},[40,136408,7143],{"class":54},[40,136410,6185],{"class":50},[40,136412,224],{"class":212},[40,136414,336],{"class":216},[40,136416,213],{"class":212},[40,136418,553],{"class":54},[40,136420,136421,136423,136425,136427,136430,136432],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,136422,558],{"class":84},[40,136424,88],{"class":54},[40,136426,213],{"class":212},[40,136428,136429],{"class":216},"Nice choice!",[40,136431,213],{"class":212},[40,136433,95],{"class":54},[40,136435,136436,136438],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,136437,576],{"class":535},[40,136439,553],{"class":54},[40,136441,136442,136444,136446,136448,136451,136453],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,136443,558],{"class":84},[40,136445,88],{"class":54},[40,136447,213],{"class":212},[40,136449,136450],{"class":216},"Got it.",[40,136452,213],{"class":212},[40,136454,95],{"class":54},[20,136456,136457],{},"Example: simple search",[31,136459,136461],{"className":33,"code":136460,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136462,136463,136476,136480,136501],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136464,136465,136467,136469,136471,136474],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136466,89606],{"class":46},[40,136468,51],{"class":50},[40,136470,224],{"class":212},[40,136472,136473],{"class":216},"Python Is Fun",[40,136475,3146],{"class":212},[40,136477,136478],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,136479,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,136481,136482,136484,136486,136488,136490,136492,136495,136497,136499],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,136483,536],{"class":535},[40,136485,224],{"class":212},[40,136487,35],{"class":216},[40,136489,213],{"class":212},[40,136491,20934],{"class":50},[40,136493,136494],{"class":46}," message",[40,136496,289],{"class":54},[40,136498,8410],{"class":91},[40,136500,21356],{"class":54},[40,136502,136503,136505,136507,136509,136512,136514],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,136504,558],{"class":84},[40,136506,88],{"class":54},[40,136508,213],{"class":212},[40,136510,136511],{"class":216},"Found it",[40,136513,213],{"class":212},[40,136515,95],{"class":54},[20,136517,136518,136519,136521,136522,2669],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136520,123684],{}," is often used with ",[282,136523,136525],{"href":136524},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136526,41406],{},[31,136528,136530],{"className":33,"code":136529,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136531,136532,136545,136564,136568],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136533,136534,136536,136538,136540,136543],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136535,7651],{"class":46},[40,136537,51],{"class":50},[40,136539,224],{"class":212},[40,136541,136542],{"class":216},"  ALICE  ",[40,136544,3146],{"class":212},[40,136546,136547,136550,136552,136554,136556,136558,136560,136562],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,136548,136549],{"class":46},"clean_name ",[40,136551,51],{"class":50},[40,136553,35754],{"class":46},[40,136555,289],{"class":54},[40,136557,8404],{"class":91},[40,136559,8407],{"class":54},[40,136561,8410],{"class":91},[40,136563,8413],{"class":54},[40,136565,136566],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,136567,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,136569,136570,136572,136574,136577,136579],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,136571,101],{"class":84},[40,136573,88],{"class":54},[40,136575,136576],{"class":91},"clean_name",[40,136578,18],{"class":54},[40,136580,136581],{"class":3449},"  # alice\n",[129,136583,15363],{"id":15362},[20,136585,136586,136587,136590],{},"Strings are ",[183,136588,136589],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136592,136593,136594,136596],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136595,123684],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136598,136599,136600,136602],{},"So this does ",[183,136601,185],{}," update the original variable:",[31,136604,136606],{"className":33,"code":136605,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136607,136608,136620,136630,136634],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136609,136610,136612,136614,136616,136618],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136611,34450],{"class":46},[40,136613,51],{"class":50},[40,136615,224],{"class":212},[40,136617,135978],{"class":216},[40,136619,3146],{"class":212},[40,136621,136622,136624,136626,136628],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,136623,34471],{"class":46},[40,136625,289],{"class":54},[40,136627,8410],{"class":91},[40,136629,8413],{"class":54},[40,136631,136632],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,136633,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,136635,136636,136638,136640,136642,136644],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,136637,101],{"class":84},[40,136639,88],{"class":54},[40,136641,34471],{"class":91},[40,136643,18],{"class":54},[40,136645,136646],{"class":3449},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136648,136649],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[31,136651,136653],{"className":33,"code":136652,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136654,136655,136667,136681,136685],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136656,136657,136659,136661,136663,136665],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136658,34450],{"class":46},[40,136660,51],{"class":50},[40,136662,224],{"class":212},[40,136664,135978],{"class":216},[40,136666,3146],{"class":212},[40,136668,136669,136671,136673,136675,136677,136679],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,136670,34450],{"class":46},[40,136672,51],{"class":50},[40,136674,42593],{"class":46},[40,136676,289],{"class":54},[40,136678,8410],{"class":91},[40,136680,8413],{"class":54},[40,136682,136683],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,136684,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,136686,136687,136689,136691,136693,136695],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,136688,101],{"class":84},[40,136690,88],{"class":54},[40,136692,34471],{"class":91},[40,136694,18],{"class":54},[40,136696,135990],{"class":3449},[129,136698,2613],{"id":2612},[792,136700,898],{"id":897},[20,136702,136703,136704,799,136706,289],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136705,8410],{},[15,136707,123684],{},[20,136709,807],{},[31,136711,136713],{"className":33,"code":136712,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136714,136715,136727],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136716,136717,136719,136721,136723,136725],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136718,34450],{"class":46},[40,136720,51],{"class":50},[40,136722,224],{"class":212},[40,136724,135978],{"class":216},[40,136726,3146],{"class":212},[40,136728,136729,136731,136733,136735,136737,136739],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,136730,101],{"class":84},[40,136732,88],{"class":54},[40,136734,34471],{"class":91},[40,136736,289],{"class":54},[40,136738,8410],{"class":24512},[40,136740,95],{"class":54},[20,136742,136743],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136745,850],{},[31,136747,136749],{"className":33,"code":136748,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136750,136751,136763],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136752,136753,136755,136757,136759,136761],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136754,34450],{"class":46},[40,136756,51],{"class":50},[40,136758,224],{"class":212},[40,136760,135978],{"class":216},[40,136762,3146],{"class":212},[40,136764,136765,136767,136769,136771,136773,136775],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,136766,101],{"class":84},[40,136768,88],{"class":54},[40,136770,34471],{"class":91},[40,136772,289],{"class":54},[40,136774,8410],{"class":91},[40,136776,847],{"class":54},[792,136778,136780],{"id":136779},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136782,136783],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136785,807],{},[31,136787,136789],{"className":33,"code":136788,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136790,136791,136803,136813],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136792,136793,136795,136797,136799,136801],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136794,34450],{"class":46},[40,136796,51],{"class":50},[40,136798,224],{"class":212},[40,136800,135978],{"class":216},[40,136802,3146],{"class":212},[40,136804,136805,136807,136809,136811],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,136806,34471],{"class":46},[40,136808,289],{"class":54},[40,136810,8410],{"class":91},[40,136812,8413],{"class":54},[40,136814,136815,136817,136819,136821,136823],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,136816,101],{"class":84},[40,136818,88],{"class":54},[40,136820,34471],{"class":91},[40,136822,18],{"class":54},[40,136824,136825],{"class":3449},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136827,850],{},[31,136829,136831],{"className":33,"code":136830,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136832,136833,136845,136859],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136834,136835,136837,136839,136841,136843],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136836,34450],{"class":46},[40,136838,51],{"class":50},[40,136840,224],{"class":212},[40,136842,135978],{"class":216},[40,136844,3146],{"class":212},[40,136846,136847,136849,136851,136853,136855,136857],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,136848,34450],{"class":46},[40,136850,51],{"class":50},[40,136852,42593],{"class":46},[40,136854,289],{"class":54},[40,136856,8410],{"class":91},[40,136858,8413],{"class":54},[40,136860,136861,136863,136865,136867,136869],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,136862,101],{"class":84},[40,136864,88],{"class":54},[40,136866,34471],{"class":91},[40,136868,18],{"class":54},[40,136870,135990],{"class":3449},[792,136872,795,136874,136876],{"id":136873},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136875,123684],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136878,136879,136881],{},[15,136880,123684],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136883,807],{},[31,136885,136887],{"className":33,"code":136886,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136888,136889,136897],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136890,136891,136893,136895],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136892,2001],{"class":46},[40,136894,51],{"class":50},[40,136896,124636],{"class":58},[40,136898,136899,136901,136903,136905,136907,136909],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,136900,101],{"class":84},[40,136902,88],{"class":54},[40,136904,2023],{"class":91},[40,136906,289],{"class":54},[40,136908,8410],{"class":91},[40,136910,847],{"class":54},[20,136912,136913,136914,33362],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136915,123684],{},[20,136917,136918],{},"You can check the type first:",[31,136920,136922],{"className":33,"code":136921,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136923,136924,136936,136940,136954],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136925,136926,136928,136930,136932,136934],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136927,34450],{"class":46},[40,136929,51],{"class":50},[40,136931,224],{"class":212},[40,136933,135978],{"class":216},[40,136935,3146],{"class":212},[40,136937,136938],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,136939,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,136941,136942,136944,136946,136948,136950,136952],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,136943,101],{"class":84},[40,136945,88],{"class":54},[40,136947,1297],{"class":609},[40,136949,88],{"class":54},[40,136951,34471],{"class":91},[40,136953,256],{"class":54},[40,136955,136956,136958,136960,136962,136964,136966],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,136957,101],{"class":84},[40,136959,88],{"class":54},[40,136961,34471],{"class":91},[40,136963,289],{"class":54},[40,136965,8410],{"class":91},[40,136967,847],{"class":54},[792,136969,136971],{"id":136970},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136973,136974],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[31,136976,136978],{"className":33,"code":136977,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136979,136980,136993,136997,137014,137029,137035],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,136981,136982,136984,136986,136988,136991],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,136983,136197],{"class":46},[40,136985,51],{"class":50},[40,136987,224],{"class":212},[40,136989,136990],{"class":216},"Yes",[40,136992,3146],{"class":212},[40,136994,136995],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,136996,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,136998,136999,137001,137004,137006,137008,137010,137012],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,137000,536],{"class":535},[40,137002,137003],{"class":46}," answer ",[40,137005,4470],{"class":50},[40,137007,224],{"class":212},[40,137009,8428],{"class":216},[40,137011,213],{"class":212},[40,137013,553],{"class":54},[40,137015,137016,137018,137020,137022,137025,137027],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,137017,558],{"class":84},[40,137019,88],{"class":54},[40,137021,213],{"class":212},[40,137023,137024],{"class":216},"Match",[40,137026,213],{"class":212},[40,137028,95],{"class":54},[40,137030,137031,137033],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,137032,576],{"class":535},[40,137034,553],{"class":54},[40,137036,137037,137039,137041,137043,137046,137048],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,137038,558],{"class":84},[40,137040,88],{"class":54},[40,137042,213],{"class":212},[40,137044,137045],{"class":216},"No match",[40,137047,213],{"class":212},[40,137049,95],{"class":54},[20,137051,28821,137052,4176,137055,137058,137059,289],{},[15,137053,137054],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137056,137057],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137060,137045],{},[20,137062,137063],{},"Better:",[31,137065,137067],{"className":33,"code":137066,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137068,137069,137081,137085,137107],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137070,137071,137073,137075,137077,137079],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137072,136197],{"class":46},[40,137074,51],{"class":50},[40,137076,224],{"class":212},[40,137078,136990],{"class":216},[40,137080,3146],{"class":212},[40,137082,137083],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,137084,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,137086,137087,137089,137091,137093,137095,137097,137099,137101,137103,137105],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,137088,536],{"class":535},[40,137090,136217],{"class":46},[40,137092,289],{"class":54},[40,137094,8410],{"class":91},[40,137096,7143],{"class":54},[40,137098,6185],{"class":50},[40,137100,224],{"class":212},[40,137102,8428],{"class":216},[40,137104,213],{"class":212},[40,137106,553],{"class":54},[40,137108,137109,137111,137113,137115,137117,137119],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,137110,558],{"class":84},[40,137112,88],{"class":54},[40,137114,213],{"class":212},[40,137116,137024],{"class":216},[40,137118,213],{"class":212},[40,137120,95],{"class":54},[792,137122,43965,137124,137127],{"id":137123},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137125,137126],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137129,137130,137131,137133],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137132,123684],{}," is enough.",[20,137135,137136,137137,137139,137140,289],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137138,137126],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137141,123684],{},[20,137143,137144,137145,122196],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137146,123684],{},[129,137148,137150,10355,137152],{"id":137149},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137151,123684],{},[15,137153,127832],{},[20,137155,137156,4176,137158,137160],{},[15,137157,123684],{},[15,137159,127832],{}," are very similar.",[134,137162,137163,137168,137173,137176],{},[137,137164,137165,137167],{},[15,137166,123684],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[137,137169,137170,137172],{},[15,137171,127832],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[137,137174,137175],{},"Both return new strings",[137,137177,137178],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137180,195],{},[31,137182,137184],{"className":33,"code":137183,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137185,137186,137198,137202,137218],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137187,137188,137190,137192,137194,137196],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137189,34450],{"class":46},[40,137191,51],{"class":50},[40,137193,224],{"class":212},[40,137195,128673],{"class":216},[40,137197,3146],{"class":212},[40,137199,137200],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,137201,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,137203,137204,137206,137208,137210,137212,137214,137216],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,137205,101],{"class":84},[40,137207,88],{"class":54},[40,137209,34471],{"class":91},[40,137211,289],{"class":54},[40,137213,8410],{"class":91},[40,137215,135987],{"class":54},[40,137217,135885],{"class":3449},[40,137219,137220,137222,137224,137226,137228,137230,137232],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,137221,101],{"class":84},[40,137223,88],{"class":54},[40,137225,34471],{"class":91},[40,137227,289],{"class":54},[40,137229,34240],{"class":91},[40,137231,135987],{"class":54},[40,137233,137234],{"class":3449},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137236,137237,137238,289],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[282,137239,125954,137241,10510],{"href":137240},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137242,127832],{},[129,137244,1636],{"id":1635},[792,137246,12474,137248,124281],{"id":137247},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137249,123684],{},[20,137251,137252],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[792,137254,12474,137256,137258],{"id":137255},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137257,123684],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137260,137261,137262,289],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137263,137264],{},"string.lower()",[792,137266,1650,137268,1654],{"id":137267},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137269,123684],{},[20,137271,137272],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[792,137274,1671,137276,137278],{"id":137275},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137277,123684],{}," on user input?",[20,137280,137281,137282,137284],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137283,2743],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[792,137286,4957,137288,4176,137290,2275],{"id":137287},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137289,123684],{},[15,137291,137126],{},[20,137293,137294,137296,137297,137299],{},[15,137295,123684],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137298,137126],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[129,137301,1687],{"id":1686},[134,137303,137304,137308,137314,137320,137326,137330,137334,137340],{},[137,137305,137306],{},[282,137307,50729],{"href":50728},[137,137309,137310],{},[282,137311,125954,137312,10510],{"href":137240},[15,137313,127832],{},[137,137315,137316],{},[282,137317,125954,137318,10510],{"href":136524},[15,137319,41406],{},[137,137321,137322],{},[282,137323,125954,137324,10510],{"href":129535},[15,137325,124125],{},[137,137327,137328],{},[282,137329,124353],{"href":123209},[137,137331,137332],{},[282,137333,90282],{"href":89291},[137,137335,137336],{},[282,137337,285,137338,288],{"href":7991},[15,137339,2743],{},[137,137341,137342],{},[282,137343,137344],{"href":135925},"What is a string in Python?",[1715,137346,137347],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":137349},[137350,137352,137353,137354,137355,137356,137357,137366,137368,137380],{"id":135895,"depth":76,"text":137351},"What lower() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":17183,"depth":76,"text":17184},{"id":136344,"depth":76,"text":136345},{"id":15362,"depth":76,"text":15363},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":137358},[137359,137360,137361,137363,137364],{"id":897,"depth":98,"text":898},{"id":136779,"depth":98,"text":136780},{"id":136873,"depth":98,"text":137362},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136970,"depth":98,"text":136971},{"id":137123,"depth":98,"text":137365},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137149,"depth":76,"text":137367},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":137369},[137370,137372,137374,137376,137378],{"id":137247,"depth":98,"text":137371},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137255,"depth":98,"text":137373},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137267,"depth":98,"text":137375},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137275,"depth":98,"text":137377},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137287,"depth":98,"text":137379},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135812,"description":137381},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137388,"title":137389,"body":137390,"description":138940,"extension":1746,"meta":138941,"navigation":360,"path":138942,"seo":138943,"stem":138944,"__hash__":138945},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137391,"toc":138901},[137392,137397,137402,137408,137423,137425,137485,137487,137496,137502,137507,137512,137514,137528,137532,137534,137581,137583,137601,137603,137606,137677,137679,137693,137696,137708,137717,137721,137726,137731,137735,137801,137803,137812,137816,137881,137883,137892,137895,137900,137904,137909,137913,137974,137976,137985,137989,137992,138048,138050,138059,138062,138075,138077,138081,138088,138150,138152,138165,138171,138174,138181,138186,138191,138194,138202,138204,138265,138267,138276,138279,138326,138329,138376,138378,138383,138400,138407,138412,138465,138467,138475,138477,138534,138536,138544,138548,138595,138597,138605,138613,138617,138665,138667,138676,138681,138732,138734,138743,138750,138753,138774,138776,138781,138784,138788,138791,138795,138798,138825,138831,138834,138861,138866,138868,138870,138898],[10,137393,122954,137395,11091],{"id":137394},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137396,124125],{},[20,137398,122959,137399,137401],{},[15,137400,124125],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137403,137404,137405,137407],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137406,124125],{},". You will learn:",[134,137409,137410,137414,137417,137420],{},[137,137411,25780,137412,3466],{},[15,137413,124125],{},[137,137415,137416],{},"how its syntax works",[137,137418,137419],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[137,137421,137422],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[129,137424,1787],{"id":1786},[31,137426,137428],{"className":33,"code":137427,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137429,137430,137443,137475],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137431,137432,137434,137436,137438,137441],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137433,34450],{"class":46},[40,137435,51],{"class":50},[40,137437,224],{"class":212},[40,137439,137440],{"class":216},"I like cats",[40,137442,3146],{"class":212},[40,137444,137445,137447,137449,137451,137453,137455,137457,137459,137462,137464,137466,137468,137471,137473],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,137446,129793],{"class":46},[40,137448,51],{"class":50},[40,137450,42593],{"class":46},[40,137452,289],{"class":54},[40,137454,34762],{"class":91},[40,137456,88],{"class":54},[40,137458,213],{"class":212},[40,137460,137461],{"class":216},"cats",[40,137463,213],{"class":212},[40,137465,62],{"class":54},[40,137467,224],{"class":212},[40,137469,137470],{"class":216},"dogs",[40,137472,213],{"class":212},[40,137474,95],{"class":54},[40,137476,137477,137479,137481,137483],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,137478,101],{"class":84},[40,137480,88],{"class":54},[40,137482,129824],{"class":91},[40,137484,95],{"class":54},[20,137486,111],{},[31,137488,137490],{"className":33,"code":137489,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"I like dogs\n",[15,137491,137492],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137493,137494],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137495,137489],{"class":46},[20,137497,123,137498,137501],{},[15,137499,137500],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[129,137503,158,137505,3466],{"id":137504},"what-replace-does",[15,137506,124125],{},[20,137508,137509,137511],{},[15,137510,124125],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137513,12821],{},[134,137515,137516,137518,137520,137523],{},[137,137517,133202],{},[137,137519,135920],{},[137,137521,137522],{},"It works on exact matches",[137,137524,137525,137526],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137527,106],{},[20,137529,124706,137530,289],{},[282,137531,124709],{"href":50728},[129,137533,5210],{"id":5209},[31,137535,137537],{"className":33,"code":137536,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137538,137539,137559],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137540,137541,137543,137545,137547,137549,137552,137554,137557],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137542,60913],{"class":46},[40,137544,289],{"class":54},[40,137546,34762],{"class":91},[40,137548,88],{"class":54},[40,137550,137551],{"class":91},"old",[40,137553,62],{"class":54},[40,137555,137556],{"class":91}," new",[40,137558,95],{"class":54},[40,137560,137561,137563,137565,137567,137569,137571,137573,137575,137577,137579],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,137562,60913],{"class":46},[40,137564,289],{"class":54},[40,137566,34762],{"class":91},[40,137568,88],{"class":54},[40,137570,137551],{"class":91},[40,137572,62],{"class":54},[40,137574,137556],{"class":91},[40,137576,62],{"class":54},[40,137578,49354],{"class":91},[40,137580,95],{"class":54},[792,137582,17160],{"id":17159},[134,137584,137585,137590,137596],{},[137,137586,137587,137589],{},[15,137588,137551],{}," = the text to find",[137,137591,137592,137595],{},[15,137593,137594],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[137,137597,137598,137600],{},[15,137599,106],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[129,137602,293],{"id":292},[20,137604,137605],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[31,137607,137609],{"className":33,"code":137608,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137610,137611,137623,137653,137657,137667],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137612,137613,137615,137617,137619,137621],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137614,34450],{"class":46},[40,137616,51],{"class":50},[40,137618,224],{"class":212},[40,137620,137440],{"class":216},[40,137622,3146],{"class":212},[40,137624,137625,137627,137629,137631,137633,137635,137637,137639,137641,137643,137645,137647,137649,137651],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,137626,129793],{"class":46},[40,137628,51],{"class":50},[40,137630,42593],{"class":46},[40,137632,289],{"class":54},[40,137634,34762],{"class":91},[40,137636,88],{"class":54},[40,137638,213],{"class":212},[40,137640,137461],{"class":216},[40,137642,213],{"class":212},[40,137644,62],{"class":54},[40,137646,224],{"class":212},[40,137648,137470],{"class":216},[40,137650,213],{"class":212},[40,137652,95],{"class":54},[40,137654,137655],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,137656,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,137658,137659,137661,137663,137665],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,137660,101],{"class":84},[40,137662,88],{"class":54},[40,137664,34471],{"class":91},[40,137666,95],{"class":54},[40,137668,137669,137671,137673,137675],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,137670,101],{"class":84},[40,137672,88],{"class":54},[40,137674,129824],{"class":91},[40,137676,95],{"class":54},[20,137678,111],{},[31,137680,137682],{"className":33,"code":137681,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137683,137684,137689],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137685,137686],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137687,137688],{"class":46},"I like cats\n",[40,137690,137691],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,137692,137489],{"class":46},[20,137694,137695],{},"Notice what happened:",[134,137697,137698,137703],{},[137,137699,137700,137702],{},[15,137701,34471],{}," did not change",[137,137704,137705,137707],{},[15,137706,129824],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137709,137710,137711,137713,137714,137716],{},"This happens because strings are ",[183,137712,136589],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137715,124125],{}," return a new string instead.",[129,137718,137720],{"id":137719},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137722,89300,137723,137725],{},[15,137724,124125],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137727,137728,137729,36378],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137730,106],{},[792,137732,137734],{"id":137733},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[31,137736,137738],{"className":33,"code":137737,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137739,137740,137753,137787,137791],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137741,137742,137744,137746,137748,137751],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137743,34450],{"class":46},[40,137745,51],{"class":50},[40,137747,224],{"class":212},[40,137749,137750],{"class":216},"cat cat cat",[40,137752,3146],{"class":212},[40,137754,137755,137757,137759,137761,137763,137765,137767,137769,137771,137773,137775,137777,137779,137781,137783,137785],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,137756,2013],{"class":46},[40,137758,51],{"class":50},[40,137760,42593],{"class":46},[40,137762,289],{"class":54},[40,137764,34762],{"class":91},[40,137766,88],{"class":54},[40,137768,213],{"class":212},[40,137770,217],{"class":216},[40,137772,213],{"class":212},[40,137774,62],{"class":54},[40,137776,224],{"class":212},[40,137778,236],{"class":216},[40,137780,213],{"class":212},[40,137782,62],{"class":54},[40,137784,1226],{"class":58},[40,137786,95],{"class":54},[40,137788,137789],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,137790,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,137792,137793,137795,137797,137799],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,137794,101],{"class":84},[40,137796,88],{"class":54},[40,137798,2048],{"class":91},[40,137800,95],{"class":54},[20,137802,111],{},[31,137804,137806],{"className":33,"code":137805,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137807,137808],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137809,137810],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137811,137805],{"class":46},[792,137813,137815],{"id":137814},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[31,137817,137819],{"className":33,"code":137818,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137820,137821,137833,137867,137871],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137822,137823,137825,137827,137829,137831],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137824,34450],{"class":46},[40,137826,51],{"class":50},[40,137828,224],{"class":212},[40,137830,137750],{"class":216},[40,137832,3146],{"class":212},[40,137834,137835,137837,137839,137841,137843,137845,137847,137849,137851,137853,137855,137857,137859,137861,137863,137865],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,137836,2013],{"class":46},[40,137838,51],{"class":50},[40,137840,42593],{"class":46},[40,137842,289],{"class":54},[40,137844,34762],{"class":91},[40,137846,88],{"class":54},[40,137848,213],{"class":212},[40,137850,217],{"class":216},[40,137852,213],{"class":212},[40,137854,62],{"class":54},[40,137856,224],{"class":212},[40,137858,236],{"class":216},[40,137860,213],{"class":212},[40,137862,62],{"class":54},[40,137864,663],{"class":58},[40,137866,95],{"class":54},[40,137868,137869],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,137870,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,137872,137873,137875,137877,137879],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,137874,101],{"class":84},[40,137876,88],{"class":54},[40,137878,2048],{"class":91},[40,137880,95],{"class":54},[20,137882,111],{},[31,137884,137886],{"className":33,"code":137885,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137887,137888],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137889,137890],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137891,137885],{"class":46},[20,137893,137894],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137896,137897,137898,289],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[282,137899,127678],{"href":124122},[129,137901,137903],{"id":137902},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137905,137906,137908],{},[15,137907,124125],{}," can also change single characters.",[792,137910,137912],{"id":137911},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[31,137914,137916],{"className":33,"code":137915,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137917,137918,137930,137960,137964],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137919,137920,137922,137924,137926,137928],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137921,34450],{"class":46},[40,137923,51],{"class":50},[40,137925,224],{"class":212},[40,137927,3871],{"class":216},[40,137929,3146],{"class":212},[40,137931,137932,137934,137936,137938,137940,137942,137944,137946,137948,137950,137952,137954,137956,137958],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,137933,2013],{"class":46},[40,137935,51],{"class":50},[40,137937,42593],{"class":46},[40,137939,289],{"class":54},[40,137941,34762],{"class":91},[40,137943,88],{"class":54},[40,137945,213],{"class":212},[40,137947,282],{"class":216},[40,137949,213],{"class":212},[40,137951,62],{"class":54},[40,137953,224],{"class":212},[40,137955,60213],{"class":216},[40,137957,213],{"class":212},[40,137959,95],{"class":54},[40,137961,137962],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,137963,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,137965,137966,137968,137970,137972],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,137967,101],{"class":84},[40,137969,88],{"class":54},[40,137971,2048],{"class":91},[40,137973,95],{"class":54},[20,137975,111],{},[31,137977,137979],{"className":33,"code":137978,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"bonono\n",[15,137980,137981],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137982,137983],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,137984,137978],{"class":46},[792,137986,137988],{"id":137987},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137990,137991],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[31,137993,137995],{"className":33,"code":137994,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137996,137997,138010,138034,138038],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,137998,137999,138001,138003,138005,138008],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138000,34450],{"class":46},[40,138002,51],{"class":50},[40,138004,224],{"class":212},[40,138006,138007],{"class":216},"a b c",[40,138009,3146],{"class":212},[40,138011,138012,138014,138016,138018,138020,138022,138024,138026,138028,138030,138032],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,138013,2013],{"class":46},[40,138015,51],{"class":50},[40,138017,42593],{"class":46},[40,138019,289],{"class":54},[40,138021,34762],{"class":91},[40,138023,88],{"class":54},[40,138025,213],{"class":212},[40,138027,224],{"class":212},[40,138029,62],{"class":54},[40,138031,5903],{"class":212},[40,138033,95],{"class":54},[40,138035,138036],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,138037,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,138039,138040,138042,138044,138046],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,138041,101],{"class":84},[40,138043,88],{"class":54},[40,138045,2048],{"class":91},[40,138047,95],{"class":54},[20,138049,111],{},[31,138051,138053],{"className":33,"code":138052,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"abc\n",[15,138054,138055],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138056,138057],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138058,138052],{"class":46},[20,138060,138061],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138063,138064,138065,138069,138070,138074],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[282,138066,125954,138067,10510],{"href":128641},[15,138068,60271],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[282,138071,125954,138072,10510],{"href":136524},[15,138073,41406],{}," is often a better choice.",[129,138076,123601],{"id":123600},[20,138078,138079,123412],{},[15,138080,124125],{},[20,138082,126999,138083,4176,138085,127006],{},[15,138084,112638],{},[15,138086,138087],{},"\"Cat\"",[31,138089,138091],{"className":33,"code":138090,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138092,138093,138106,138136,138140],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138094,138095,138097,138099,138101,138104],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138096,34450],{"class":46},[40,138098,51],{"class":50},[40,138100,224],{"class":212},[40,138102,138103],{"class":216},"Cat cat CAT",[40,138105,3146],{"class":212},[40,138107,138108,138110,138112,138114,138116,138118,138120,138122,138124,138126,138128,138130,138132,138134],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,138109,2013],{"class":46},[40,138111,51],{"class":50},[40,138113,42593],{"class":46},[40,138115,289],{"class":54},[40,138117,34762],{"class":91},[40,138119,88],{"class":54},[40,138121,213],{"class":212},[40,138123,217],{"class":216},[40,138125,213],{"class":212},[40,138127,62],{"class":54},[40,138129,224],{"class":212},[40,138131,236],{"class":216},[40,138133,213],{"class":212},[40,138135,95],{"class":54},[40,138137,138138],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,138139,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,138141,138142,138144,138146,138148],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,138143,101],{"class":84},[40,138145,88],{"class":54},[40,138147,2048],{"class":91},[40,138149,95],{"class":54},[20,138151,111],{},[31,138153,138155],{"className":33,"code":138154,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138156,138157],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138158,138159,138162],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138160,138161],{"class":46},"Cat dog ",[40,138163,138164],{"class":34215},"CAT\n",[20,138166,138167,138168,138170],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138169,112638],{}," was replaced.",[20,138172,138173],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138175,138176,138177,289],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[282,138178,125954,138179,10510],{"href":123681},[15,138180,123684],{},[129,138182,158,138184,148],{"id":138183},"what-replace-returns",[15,138185,124125],{},[20,138187,138188,138190],{},[15,138189,124125],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138192,138193],{},"If no match is found:",[134,138195,138196,138199],{},[137,138197,138198],{},"no error happens",[137,138200,138201],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138203,195],{},[31,138205,138207],{"className":33,"code":138206,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138208,138209,138221,138251,138255],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138210,138211,138213,138215,138217,138219],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138212,34450],{"class":46},[40,138214,51],{"class":50},[40,138216,224],{"class":212},[40,138218,3632],{"class":216},[40,138220,3146],{"class":212},[40,138222,138223,138225,138227,138229,138231,138233,138235,138237,138239,138241,138243,138245,138247,138249],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,138224,2013],{"class":46},[40,138226,51],{"class":50},[40,138228,42593],{"class":46},[40,138230,289],{"class":54},[40,138232,34762],{"class":91},[40,138234,88],{"class":54},[40,138236,213],{"class":212},[40,138238,1957],{"class":216},[40,138240,213],{"class":212},[40,138242,62],{"class":54},[40,138244,224],{"class":212},[40,138246,11514],{"class":216},[40,138248,213],{"class":212},[40,138250,95],{"class":54},[40,138252,138253],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,138254,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,138256,138257,138259,138261,138263],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,138258,101],{"class":84},[40,138260,88],{"class":54},[40,138262,2048],{"class":91},[40,138264,95],{"class":54},[20,138266,111],{},[31,138268,138270],{"className":33,"code":138269,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"hello\n",[15,138271,138272],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138273,138274],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138275,138269],{"class":46},[20,138277,138278],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[31,138280,138282],{"className":33,"code":138281,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138283,138284,138296],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138285,138286,138288,138290,138292,138294],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138287,34450],{"class":46},[40,138289,51],{"class":50},[40,138291,224],{"class":212},[40,138293,60146],{"class":216},[40,138295,3146],{"class":212},[40,138297,138298,138300,138302,138304,138306,138308,138310,138312,138314,138316,138318,138320,138322,138324],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,138299,129793],{"class":46},[40,138301,51],{"class":50},[40,138303,42593],{"class":46},[40,138305,289],{"class":54},[40,138307,34762],{"class":91},[40,138309,88],{"class":54},[40,138311,213],{"class":212},[40,138313,60331],{"class":216},[40,138315,213],{"class":212},[40,138317,62],{"class":54},[40,138319,224],{"class":212},[40,138321,7074],{"class":216},[40,138323,213],{"class":212},[40,138325,95],{"class":54},[20,138327,138328],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[31,138330,138332],{"className":33,"code":138331,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138333,138334,138346],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138335,138336,138338,138340,138342,138344],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138337,34450],{"class":46},[40,138339,51],{"class":50},[40,138341,224],{"class":212},[40,138343,60146],{"class":216},[40,138345,3146],{"class":212},[40,138347,138348,138350,138352,138354,138356,138358,138360,138362,138364,138366,138368,138370,138372,138374],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,138349,34450],{"class":46},[40,138351,51],{"class":50},[40,138353,42593],{"class":46},[40,138355,289],{"class":54},[40,138357,34762],{"class":91},[40,138359,88],{"class":54},[40,138361,213],{"class":212},[40,138363,60331],{"class":216},[40,138365,213],{"class":212},[40,138367,62],{"class":54},[40,138369,224],{"class":212},[40,138371,7074],{"class":216},[40,138373,213],{"class":212},[40,138375,95],{"class":54},[129,138377,790],{"id":789},[20,138379,138380,138381,2669],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138382,124125],{},[134,138384,138385,138388,138392,138395],{},[137,138386,138387],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[137,138389,8223,138390,131174],{},[15,138391,124125],{},[137,138393,138394],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[137,138396,36960,138397,138399],{},[15,138398,124125],{}," with regex-based replacements",[792,138401,138403,138404,138406],{"id":138402},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138405,124125],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138408,138409,138410,2669],{},"This does not update ",[15,138411,34471],{},[31,138413,138415],{"className":33,"code":138414,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138416,138417,138429,138455],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138418,138419,138421,138423,138425,138427],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138420,34450],{"class":46},[40,138422,51],{"class":50},[40,138424,224],{"class":212},[40,138426,137440],{"class":216},[40,138428,3146],{"class":212},[40,138430,138431,138433,138435,138437,138439,138441,138443,138445,138447,138449,138451,138453],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,138432,34471],{"class":46},[40,138434,289],{"class":54},[40,138436,34762],{"class":91},[40,138438,88],{"class":54},[40,138440,213],{"class":212},[40,138442,137461],{"class":216},[40,138444,213],{"class":212},[40,138446,62],{"class":54},[40,138448,224],{"class":212},[40,138450,137470],{"class":216},[40,138452,213],{"class":212},[40,138454,95],{"class":54},[40,138456,138457,138459,138461,138463],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,138458,101],{"class":84},[40,138460,88],{"class":54},[40,138462,34471],{"class":91},[40,138464,95],{"class":54},[20,138466,111],{},[31,138468,138469],{"className":33,"code":137688,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,138470,138471],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138472,138473],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138474,137688],{"class":46},[20,138476,10577],{},[31,138478,138480],{"className":33,"code":138479,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138481,138482,138494,138524],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138483,138484,138486,138488,138490,138492],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138485,34450],{"class":46},[40,138487,51],{"class":50},[40,138489,224],{"class":212},[40,138491,137440],{"class":216},[40,138493,3146],{"class":212},[40,138495,138496,138498,138500,138502,138504,138506,138508,138510,138512,138514,138516,138518,138520,138522],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,138497,34450],{"class":46},[40,138499,51],{"class":50},[40,138501,42593],{"class":46},[40,138503,289],{"class":54},[40,138505,34762],{"class":91},[40,138507,88],{"class":54},[40,138509,213],{"class":212},[40,138511,137461],{"class":216},[40,138513,213],{"class":212},[40,138515,62],{"class":54},[40,138517,224],{"class":212},[40,138519,137470],{"class":216},[40,138521,213],{"class":212},[40,138523,95],{"class":54},[40,138525,138526,138528,138530,138532],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,138527,101],{"class":84},[40,138529,88],{"class":54},[40,138531,34471],{"class":91},[40,138533,95],{"class":54},[20,138535,111],{},[31,138537,138538],{"className":33,"code":137489,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,138539,138540],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138541,138542],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138543,137489],{"class":46},[792,138545,138547],{"id":138546},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[31,138549,138551],{"className":33,"code":138550,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138552,138553,138565],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138554,138555,138557,138559,138561,138563],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138556,34450],{"class":46},[40,138558,51],{"class":50},[40,138560,224],{"class":212},[40,138562,34630],{"class":216},[40,138564,3146],{"class":212},[40,138566,138567,138569,138571,138573,138575,138577,138579,138581,138583,138585,138587,138589,138591,138593],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,138568,101],{"class":84},[40,138570,88],{"class":54},[40,138572,34471],{"class":91},[40,138574,289],{"class":54},[40,138576,34762],{"class":91},[40,138578,88],{"class":54},[40,138580,213],{"class":212},[40,138582,3632],{"class":216},[40,138584,213],{"class":212},[40,138586,62],{"class":54},[40,138588,224],{"class":212},[40,138590,89535],{"class":216},[40,138592,213],{"class":212},[40,138594,256],{"class":54},[20,138596,111],{},[31,138598,138599],{"className":33,"code":88548,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,138600,138601],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138602,138603],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138604,88548],{"class":46},[20,138606,138607,138608,4176,138610,138612],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138609,64274],{},[15,138611,90017],{}," are not the same.",[792,138614,138616],{"id":138615},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[31,138618,138620],{"className":33,"code":138619,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138621,138622,138635],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138623,138624,138626,138628,138630,138633],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138625,34450],{"class":46},[40,138627,51],{"class":50},[40,138629,224],{"class":212},[40,138631,138632],{"class":216},"red red red",[40,138634,3146],{"class":212},[40,138636,138637,138639,138641,138643,138645,138647,138649,138651,138653,138655,138657,138659,138661,138663],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,138638,101],{"class":84},[40,138640,88],{"class":54},[40,138642,34471],{"class":91},[40,138644,289],{"class":54},[40,138646,34762],{"class":91},[40,138648,88],{"class":54},[40,138650,213],{"class":212},[40,138652,318],{"class":216},[40,138654,213],{"class":212},[40,138656,62],{"class":54},[40,138658,224],{"class":212},[40,138660,336],{"class":216},[40,138662,213],{"class":212},[40,138664,256],{"class":54},[20,138666,111],{},[31,138668,138670],{"className":33,"code":138669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138671,138672],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138673,138674],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138675,138669],{"class":46},[20,138677,138678,138679,2669],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138680,106],{},[31,138682,138684],{"className":33,"code":138683,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138685,138686,138698],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138687,138688,138690,138692,138694,138696],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138689,34450],{"class":46},[40,138691,51],{"class":50},[40,138693,224],{"class":212},[40,138695,138632],{"class":216},[40,138697,3146],{"class":212},[40,138699,138700,138702,138704,138706,138708,138710,138712,138714,138716,138718,138720,138722,138724,138726,138728,138730],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,138701,101],{"class":84},[40,138703,88],{"class":54},[40,138705,34471],{"class":91},[40,138707,289],{"class":54},[40,138709,34762],{"class":91},[40,138711,88],{"class":54},[40,138713,213],{"class":212},[40,138715,318],{"class":216},[40,138717,213],{"class":212},[40,138719,62],{"class":54},[40,138721,224],{"class":212},[40,138723,336],{"class":216},[40,138725,213],{"class":212},[40,138727,62],{"class":54},[40,138729,1226],{"class":58},[40,138731,256],{"class":54},[20,138733,111],{},[31,138735,138737],{"className":33,"code":138736,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"blue red red\n",[15,138738,138739],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138740,138741],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138742,138736],{"class":46},[792,138744,138746,138747,138749],{"id":138745},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138748,124125],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138751,138752],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[134,138754,138755,138762,138769],{},[137,138756,123,138757,138761],{},[282,138758,138759],{"href":128641},[15,138760,60271],{}," to break a string into a list",[137,138763,123,138764,138768],{},[282,138765,138766],{"href":136524},[15,138767,41406],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[137,138770,123,138771,138773],{},[15,138772,124125],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[129,138775,1636],{"id":1635},[792,138777,12474,138779,124281],{"id":138778},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138780,124125],{},[20,138782,138783],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[792,138785,138787],{"id":138786},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138789,138790],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[792,138792,138794],{"id":138793},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138796,138797],{},"Use the third argument:",[31,138799,138801],{"className":33,"code":138800,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138802,138803],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138804,138805,138807,138809,138811,138813,138815,138817,138819,138821,138823],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138806,34471],{"class":46},[40,138808,289],{"class":54},[40,138810,34762],{"class":91},[40,138812,88],{"class":54},[40,138814,137551],{"class":91},[40,138816,62],{"class":54},[40,138818,137556],{"class":91},[40,138820,62],{"class":54},[40,138822,1226],{"class":58},[40,138824,95],{"class":54},[792,138826,4947,138828,138830],{"id":138827},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138829,124125],{}," remove text?",[20,138832,138833],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[31,138835,138837],{"className":33,"code":138836,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138838,138839],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138840,138841,138843,138845,138847,138849,138851,138853,138855,138857,138859],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138842,34471],{"class":46},[40,138844,289],{"class":54},[40,138846,34762],{"class":91},[40,138848,88],{"class":54},[40,138850,213],{"class":212},[40,138852,1957],{"class":216},[40,138854,213],{"class":212},[40,138856,62],{"class":54},[40,138858,5903],{"class":212},[40,138860,95],{"class":54},[792,138862,14671,138864,124290],{"id":138863},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138865,124125],{},[20,138867,129483],{},[129,138869,1687],{"id":1686},[134,138871,138872,138876,138882,138888,138894],{},[137,138873,138874],{},[282,138875,124360],{"href":124122},[137,138877,138878],{},[282,138879,125954,138880,10510],{"href":128641},[15,138881,60271],{},[137,138883,138884],{},[282,138885,125954,138886,10510],{"href":136524},[15,138887,41406],{},[137,138889,138890],{},[282,138891,125954,138892,10510],{"href":123681},[15,138893,123684],{},[137,138895,138896],{},[282,138897,124709],{"href":50728},[1715,138899,138900],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":138902},[138903,138904,138906,138909,138910,138914,138918,138919,138921,138929,138939],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":137504,"depth":76,"text":138905},"What replace() does",{"id":5209,"depth":76,"text":5210,"children":138907},[138908],{"id":17159,"depth":98,"text":17160},{"id":292,"depth":76,"text":293},{"id":137719,"depth":76,"text":137720,"children":138911},[138912,138913],{"id":137733,"depth":98,"text":137734},{"id":137814,"depth":98,"text":137815},{"id":137902,"depth":76,"text":137903,"children":138915},[138916,138917],{"id":137911,"depth":98,"text":137912},{"id":137987,"depth":98,"text":137988},{"id":123600,"depth":76,"text":123601},{"id":138183,"depth":76,"text":138920},"What replace() returns",{"id":789,"depth":76,"text":790,"children":138922},[138923,138925,138926,138927],{"id":138402,"depth":98,"text":138924},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138546,"depth":98,"text":138547},{"id":138615,"depth":98,"text":138616},{"id":138745,"depth":98,"text":138928},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":138930},[138931,138933,138934,138935,138937],{"id":138778,"depth":98,"text":138932},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138786,"depth":98,"text":138787},{"id":138793,"depth":98,"text":138794},{"id":138827,"depth":98,"text":138936},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138863,"depth":98,"text":138938},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137389,"description":138940},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138947,"title":138948,"body":138949,"description":140968,"extension":1746,"meta":140969,"navigation":360,"path":140970,"seo":140971,"stem":140972,"__hash__":140973},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138950,"toc":140932},[138951,138956,138961,138964,138975,138977,139032,139037,139042,139049,139051,139066,139068,139124,139126,139164,139169,139171,139195,139198,139211,139216,139218,139250,139252,139285,139291,139296,139299,139309,139312,139314,139370,139372,139422,139425,139433,139436,139492,139494,139567,139580,139588,139592,139603,139606,139609,139662,139664,139696,139699,139753,139755,139790,139793,139798,139803,139808,139811,139813,139871,139873,139907,139909,139924,139927,139929,139971,139973,139999,140004,140012,140015,140017,140099,140101,140152,140155,140166,140174,140176,140249,140251,140269,140273,140276,140280,140307,140309,140317,140321,140356,140358,140371,140375,140378,140417,140419,140436,140441,140446,140457,140460,140471,140473,140475,140501,140504,140553,140555,140572,140575,140577,140629,140631,140663,140666,140724,140729,140731,140736,140839,140841,140855,140857,140864,140869,140874,140879,140884,140889,140892,140896,140901,140903,140929],[10,138952,122954,138954,11091],{"id":138953},"python-string-split-method",[15,138955,60271],{},[20,138957,122959,138958,138960],{},[15,138959,60271],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138962,138963],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[134,138965,138966,138969,138972],{},[137,138967,138968],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[137,138970,138971],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[137,138973,138974],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[129,138976,1787],{"id":1786},[31,138978,138980],{"className":33,"code":138979,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138981,138982,138995,139017,139027],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,138983,138984,138986,138988,138990,138993],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,138985,34450],{"class":46},[40,138987,51],{"class":50},[40,138989,224],{"class":212},[40,138991,138992],{"class":216},"apple,banana,cherry",[40,138994,3146],{"class":212},[40,138996,138997,138999,139001,139003,139005,139007,139009,139011,139013,139015],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,138998,42588],{"class":46},[40,139000,51],{"class":50},[40,139002,42593],{"class":46},[40,139004,289],{"class":54},[40,139006,34231],{"class":91},[40,139008,88],{"class":54},[40,139010,213],{"class":212},[40,139012,62],{"class":216},[40,139014,213],{"class":212},[40,139016,95],{"class":54},[40,139018,139019,139021,139023,139025],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,139020,101],{"class":84},[40,139022,88],{"class":54},[40,139024,42620],{"class":91},[40,139026,95],{"class":54},[40,139028,139029],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,139030,139031],{"class":3449},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139033,123,139034,139036],{},[15,139035,60271],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[129,139038,158,139040,3466],{"id":139039},"what-split-does",[15,139041,60271],{},[20,139043,139044,132002,139046,289],{},[15,139045,60271],{},[183,139047,139048],{},"string method",[20,139050,48679],{},[134,139052,139053,139056,139061],{},[137,139054,139055],{},"divides a string into parts",[137,139057,119256,139058],{},[183,139059,139060],{},"new list of strings",[137,139062,119262,139063,139065],{},[183,139064,185],{}," change the original string",[20,139067,195],{},[31,139069,139071],{"className":33,"code":139070,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139072,139073,139086,139100,139104,139114],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139074,139075,139077,139079,139081,139084],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139076,34450],{"class":46},[40,139078,51],{"class":50},[40,139080,224],{"class":212},[40,139082,139083],{"class":216},"red blue green",[40,139085,3146],{"class":212},[40,139087,139088,139090,139092,139094,139096,139098],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,139089,42588],{"class":46},[40,139091,51],{"class":50},[40,139093,42593],{"class":46},[40,139095,289],{"class":54},[40,139097,34231],{"class":91},[40,139099,8413],{"class":54},[40,139101,139102],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,139103,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,139105,139106,139108,139110,139112],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,139107,101],{"class":84},[40,139109,88],{"class":54},[40,139111,34471],{"class":91},[40,139113,95],{"class":54},[40,139115,139116,139118,139120,139122],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,139117,101],{"class":84},[40,139119,88],{"class":54},[40,139121,42620],{"class":91},[40,139123,95],{"class":54},[20,139125,111],{},[31,139127,139129],{"className":33,"code":139128,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139130,139131,139136],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139132,139133],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139134,139135],{"class":46},"red blue green\n",[40,139137,139138,139140,139142,139144,139146,139148,139150,139152,139154,139156,139158,139160,139162],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,139139,565],{"class":54},[40,139141,3087],{"class":212},[40,139143,318],{"class":216},[40,139145,3087],{"class":212},[40,139147,62],{"class":54},[40,139149,3082],{"class":212},[40,139151,336],{"class":216},[40,139153,3087],{"class":212},[40,139155,62],{"class":54},[40,139157,3082],{"class":212},[40,139159,327],{"class":216},[40,139161,3087],{"class":212},[40,139163,73],{"class":54},[20,139165,139166,139167,289],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[282,139168,124709],{"href":50728},[129,139170,1940],{"id":1939},[31,139172,139174],{"className":33,"code":139173,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139175,139176],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139177,139178,139180,139182,139184,139186,139188,139190,139193],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139179,60913],{"class":46},[40,139181,289],{"class":54},[40,139183,34231],{"class":91},[40,139185,88],{"class":54},[40,139187,133358],{"class":91},[40,139189,62],{"class":54},[40,139191,139192],{"class":91}," maxsplit",[40,139194,95],{"class":54},[20,139196,139197],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[134,139199,139200,139205],{},[137,139201,139202,139204],{},[15,139203,133358],{}," tells Python where to split",[137,139206,139207,139210],{},[15,139208,139209],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139212,8646,139213,139215],{},[15,139214,133358],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139217,195],{},[31,139219,139221],{"className":33,"code":139220,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139222,139223,139236],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139224,139225,139227,139229,139231,139234],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139226,34450],{"class":46},[40,139228,51],{"class":50},[40,139230,224],{"class":212},[40,139232,139233],{"class":216},"one two three",[40,139235,3146],{"class":212},[40,139237,139238,139240,139242,139244,139246,139248],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,139239,101],{"class":84},[40,139241,88],{"class":54},[40,139243,34471],{"class":91},[40,139245,289],{"class":54},[40,139247,34231],{"class":91},[40,139249,847],{"class":54},[20,139251,111],{},[31,139253,139255],{"className":33,"code":139254,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139256,139257],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139258,139259,139261,139263,139265,139267,139269,139271,139273,139275,139277,139279,139281,139283],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139260,565],{"class":54},[40,139262,3087],{"class":212},[40,139264,6363],{"class":216},[40,139266,3087],{"class":212},[40,139268,62],{"class":54},[40,139270,3082],{"class":212},[40,139272,78870],{"class":216},[40,139274,3087],{"class":212},[40,139276,62],{"class":54},[40,139278,3082],{"class":212},[40,139280,133840],{"class":216},[40,139282,3087],{"class":212},[40,139284,73],{"class":54},[129,139286,795,139288,139290],{"id":139287},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139289,60271],{}," with no separator",[20,139292,69773,139293,139295],{},[15,139294,60271],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139297,139298],{},"Whitespace includes:",[134,139300,139301,139303,139306],{},[137,139302,10221],{},[137,139304,139305],{},"tabs",[137,139307,139308],{},"new lines",[20,139310,139311],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139313,195],{},[31,139315,139317],{"className":33,"code":139316,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139318,139319,139342,139356,139360],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139320,139321,139323,139325,139327,139330,139333,139335,139337,139340],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139322,34450],{"class":46},[40,139324,51],{"class":50},[40,139326,224],{"class":212},[40,139328,139329],{"class":216},"Python   is",[40,139331,139332],{"class":34215},"\\t",[40,139334,133094],{"class":216},[40,139336,86752],{"class":34215},[40,139338,139339],{"class":216},"and useful",[40,139341,3146],{"class":212},[40,139343,139344,139346,139348,139350,139352,139354],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,139345,42588],{"class":46},[40,139347,51],{"class":50},[40,139349,42593],{"class":46},[40,139351,289],{"class":54},[40,139353,34231],{"class":91},[40,139355,8413],{"class":54},[40,139357,139358],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,139359,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,139361,139362,139364,139366,139368],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,139363,101],{"class":84},[40,139365,88],{"class":54},[40,139367,42620],{"class":91},[40,139369,95],{"class":54},[20,139371,111],{},[31,139373,139375],{"className":33,"code":139374,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139376,139377],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139378,139379,139381,139383,139385,139387,139389,139391,139393,139395,139397,139399,139401,139403,139405,139407,139409,139411,139413,139415,139418,139420],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139380,565],{"class":54},[40,139382,3087],{"class":212},[40,139384,7074],{"class":216},[40,139386,3087],{"class":212},[40,139388,62],{"class":54},[40,139390,3082],{"class":212},[40,139392,11963],{"class":216},[40,139394,3087],{"class":212},[40,139396,62],{"class":54},[40,139398,3082],{"class":212},[40,139400,133094],{"class":216},[40,139402,3087],{"class":212},[40,139404,62],{"class":54},[40,139406,3082],{"class":212},[40,139408,129719],{"class":216},[40,139410,3087],{"class":212},[40,139412,62],{"class":54},[40,139414,3082],{"class":212},[40,139416,139417],{"class":216},"useful",[40,139419,3087],{"class":212},[40,139421,73],{"class":54},[20,139423,139424],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[792,139426,139428,10355,139430],{"id":139427},"split-vs-split",[15,139429,60271],{},[15,139431,139432],{},"split(' ')",[20,139434,139435],{},"These are not the same.",[31,139437,139439],{"className":33,"code":139438,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139440,139441,139454,139458,139472],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139442,139443,139445,139447,139449,139452],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139444,34450],{"class":46},[40,139446,51],{"class":50},[40,139448,224],{"class":212},[40,139450,139451],{"class":216},"a  b   c",[40,139453,3146],{"class":212},[40,139455,139456],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,139457,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,139459,139460,139462,139464,139466,139468,139470],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,139461,101],{"class":84},[40,139463,88],{"class":54},[40,139465,34471],{"class":91},[40,139467,289],{"class":54},[40,139469,34231],{"class":91},[40,139471,847],{"class":54},[40,139473,139474,139476,139478,139480,139482,139484,139486,139488,139490],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,139475,101],{"class":84},[40,139477,88],{"class":54},[40,139479,34471],{"class":91},[40,139481,289],{"class":54},[40,139483,34231],{"class":91},[40,139485,88],{"class":54},[40,139487,213],{"class":212},[40,139489,224],{"class":212},[40,139491,256],{"class":54},[20,139493,111],{},[31,139495,139497],{"className":33,"code":139496,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139498,139499,139527],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139500,139501,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513,139515,139517,139519,139521,139523,139525],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139502,565],{"class":54},[40,139504,3087],{"class":212},[40,139506,282],{"class":216},[40,139508,3087],{"class":212},[40,139510,62],{"class":54},[40,139512,3082],{"class":212},[40,139514,1017],{"class":216},[40,139516,3087],{"class":212},[40,139518,62],{"class":54},[40,139520,3082],{"class":212},[40,139522,1026],{"class":216},[40,139524,3087],{"class":212},[40,139526,73],{"class":54},[40,139528,139529,139531,139533,139535,139537,139539,139541,139543,139545,139547,139549,139551,139553,139555,139557,139559,139561,139563,139565],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,139530,565],{"class":54},[40,139532,3087],{"class":212},[40,139534,282],{"class":216},[40,139536,3087],{"class":212},[40,139538,62],{"class":54},[40,139540,3625],{"class":212},[40,139542,62],{"class":54},[40,139544,3082],{"class":212},[40,139546,1017],{"class":216},[40,139548,3087],{"class":212},[40,139550,62],{"class":54},[40,139552,3625],{"class":212},[40,139554,62],{"class":54},[40,139556,3625],{"class":212},[40,139558,62],{"class":54},[40,139560,3082],{"class":212},[40,139562,1026],{"class":216},[40,139564,3087],{"class":212},[40,139566,73],{"class":54},[134,139568,139569,139574],{},[137,139570,139571,139573],{},[15,139572,60271],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[137,139575,139576,139579],{},[15,139577,139578],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139581,139582,139583,139587],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[282,139584,125954,139585,10510],{"href":136524},[15,139586,41406],{}," is often useful.",[129,139589,139591],{"id":139590},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139593,139594,139595,1973,139598,1977,139600,289],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139596,139597],{},"\",\"",[15,139599,133193],{},[15,139601,139602],{},"\"::\"",[20,139604,139605],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139607,139608],{},"Example with commas:",[31,139610,139612],{"className":33,"code":139611,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139613,139614,139626,139648,139652],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139615,139616,139618,139620,139622,139624],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139617,34450],{"class":46},[40,139619,51],{"class":50},[40,139621,224],{"class":212},[40,139623,138992],{"class":216},[40,139625,3146],{"class":212},[40,139627,139628,139630,139632,139634,139636,139638,139640,139642,139644,139646],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,139629,42588],{"class":46},[40,139631,51],{"class":50},[40,139633,42593],{"class":46},[40,139635,289],{"class":54},[40,139637,34231],{"class":91},[40,139639,88],{"class":54},[40,139641,213],{"class":212},[40,139643,62],{"class":216},[40,139645,213],{"class":212},[40,139647,95],{"class":54},[40,139649,139650],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,139651,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,139653,139654,139656,139658,139660],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,139655,101],{"class":84},[40,139657,88],{"class":54},[40,139659,42620],{"class":91},[40,139661,95],{"class":54},[20,139663,111],{},[31,139665,139666],{"className":33,"code":78049,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,139667,139668],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139669,139670,139672,139674,139676,139678,139680,139682,139684,139686,139688,139690,139692,139694],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139671,565],{"class":54},[40,139673,3087],{"class":212},[40,139675,3862],{"class":216},[40,139677,3087],{"class":212},[40,139679,62],{"class":54},[40,139681,3082],{"class":212},[40,139683,3871],{"class":216},[40,139685,3087],{"class":212},[40,139687,62],{"class":54},[40,139689,3082],{"class":212},[40,139691,3880],{"class":216},[40,139693,3087],{"class":212},[40,139695,73],{"class":54},[20,139697,139698],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[31,139700,139702],{"className":33,"code":139701,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139703,139704,139717,139739,139743],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139705,139706,139708,139710,139712,139715],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139707,34450],{"class":46},[40,139709,51],{"class":50},[40,139711,224],{"class":212},[40,139713,139714],{"class":216},"2024::10::31",[40,139716,3146],{"class":212},[40,139718,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735,139737],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,139720,42588],{"class":46},[40,139722,51],{"class":50},[40,139724,42593],{"class":46},[40,139726,289],{"class":54},[40,139728,34231],{"class":91},[40,139730,88],{"class":54},[40,139732,213],{"class":212},[40,139734,76266],{"class":216},[40,139736,213],{"class":212},[40,139738,95],{"class":54},[40,139740,139741],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,139742,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,139744,139745,139747,139749,139751],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,139746,101],{"class":84},[40,139748,88],{"class":54},[40,139750,42620],{"class":91},[40,139752,95],{"class":54},[20,139754,111],{},[31,139756,139758],{"className":33,"code":139757,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139759,139760],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139761,139762,139764,139766,139769,139771,139773,139775,139777,139779,139781,139783,139786,139788],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139763,565],{"class":54},[40,139765,3087],{"class":212},[40,139767,139768],{"class":216},"2024",[40,139770,3087],{"class":212},[40,139772,62],{"class":54},[40,139774,3082],{"class":212},[40,139776,59],{"class":216},[40,139778,3087],{"class":212},[40,139780,62],{"class":54},[40,139782,3082],{"class":212},[40,139784,139785],{"class":216},"31",[40,139787,3087],{"class":212},[40,139789,73],{"class":54},[20,139791,139792],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139794,139795,139796,289],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[282,139797,128638],{"href":128637},[129,139799,795,139801],{"id":139800},"using-maxsplit",[15,139802,139209],{},[20,139804,139805,139807],{},[15,139806,139209],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139809,139810],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139812,195],{},[31,139814,139816],{"className":33,"code":139815,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139817,139818,139831,139857,139861],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139819,139820,139822,139824,139826,139829],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139821,34450],{"class":46},[40,139823,51],{"class":50},[40,139825,224],{"class":212},[40,139827,139828],{"class":216},"name:age:city:country",[40,139830,3146],{"class":212},[40,139832,139833,139835,139837,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847,139849,139851,139853,139855],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,139834,42588],{"class":46},[40,139836,51],{"class":50},[40,139838,42593],{"class":46},[40,139840,289],{"class":54},[40,139842,34231],{"class":91},[40,139844,88],{"class":54},[40,139846,213],{"class":212},[40,139848,2669],{"class":216},[40,139850,213],{"class":212},[40,139852,62],{"class":54},[40,139854,663],{"class":58},[40,139856,95],{"class":54},[40,139858,139859],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,139860,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,139862,139863,139865,139867,139869],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,139864,101],{"class":84},[40,139866,88],{"class":54},[40,139868,42620],{"class":91},[40,139870,95],{"class":54},[20,139872,111],{},[31,139874,139876],{"className":33,"code":139875,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139877,139878],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139879,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898,139900,139903,139905],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139881,565],{"class":54},[40,139883,3087],{"class":212},[40,139885,7446],{"class":216},[40,139887,3087],{"class":212},[40,139889,62],{"class":54},[40,139891,3082],{"class":212},[40,139893,9069],{"class":216},[40,139895,3087],{"class":212},[40,139897,62],{"class":54},[40,139899,3082],{"class":212},[40,139901,139902],{"class":216},"city:country",[40,139904,3087],{"class":212},[40,139906,73],{"class":54},[20,139908,1962],{},[134,139910,139911,139916,139921],{},[137,139912,139913,139914],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139915,2669],{},[137,139917,139918,139919],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139920,2669],{},[137,139922,139923],{},"then stops",[20,139925,139926],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139928,721],{},[31,139930,139932],{"className":33,"code":139931,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139933,139934,139947],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139935,139936,139938,139940,139942,139945],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139937,34450],{"class":46},[40,139939,51],{"class":50},[40,139941,224],{"class":212},[40,139943,139944],{"class":216},"apple banana cherry grape",[40,139946,3146],{"class":212},[40,139948,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959,139961,139963,139965,139967,139969],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,139950,101],{"class":84},[40,139952,88],{"class":54},[40,139954,34471],{"class":91},[40,139956,289],{"class":54},[40,139958,34231],{"class":91},[40,139960,88],{"class":54},[40,139962,213],{"class":212},[40,139964,224],{"class":212},[40,139966,62],{"class":54},[40,139968,1226],{"class":58},[40,139970,256],{"class":54},[20,139972,111],{},[31,139974,139976],{"className":33,"code":139975,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139977,139978],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,139979,139980,139982,139984,139986,139988,139990,139992,139995,139997],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,139981,565],{"class":54},[40,139983,3087],{"class":212},[40,139985,3862],{"class":216},[40,139987,3087],{"class":212},[40,139989,62],{"class":54},[40,139991,3082],{"class":212},[40,139993,139994],{"class":216},"banana cherry grape",[40,139996,3087],{"class":212},[40,139998,73],{"class":54},[129,140000,158,140002,148],{"id":140001},"what-split-returns",[15,140003,60271],{},[20,140005,140006,140007,140009,140010,289],{},"The result of ",[15,140008,60271],{}," is always a ",[183,140011,610],{},[20,140013,140014],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140016,195],{},[31,140018,140020],{"className":33,"code":140019,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140021,140022,140035,140057,140061,140071,140085],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140023,140024,140026,140028,140030,140033],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140025,34450],{"class":46},[40,140027,51],{"class":50},[40,140029,224],{"class":212},[40,140031,140032],{"class":216},"cat,dog,bird",[40,140034,3146],{"class":212},[40,140036,140037,140039,140041,140043,140045,140047,140049,140051,140053,140055],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,140038,42588],{"class":46},[40,140040,51],{"class":50},[40,140042,42593],{"class":46},[40,140044,289],{"class":54},[40,140046,34231],{"class":91},[40,140048,88],{"class":54},[40,140050,213],{"class":212},[40,140052,62],{"class":216},[40,140054,213],{"class":212},[40,140056,95],{"class":54},[40,140058,140059],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,140060,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,140062,140063,140065,140067,140069],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,140064,101],{"class":84},[40,140066,88],{"class":54},[40,140068,42620],{"class":91},[40,140070,95],{"class":54},[40,140072,140073,140075,140077,140079,140081,140083],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,140074,101],{"class":84},[40,140076,88],{"class":54},[40,140078,1297],{"class":609},[40,140080,88],{"class":54},[40,140082,42620],{"class":91},[40,140084,256],{"class":54},[40,140086,140087,140089,140091,140093,140095,140097],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,140088,101],{"class":84},[40,140090,88],{"class":54},[40,140092,42620],{"class":91},[40,140094,565],{"class":54},[40,140096,192],{"class":58},[40,140098,570],{"class":54},[20,140100,111],{},[31,140102,140104],{"className":33,"code":140103,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140105,140106,140134,140148],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140107,140108,140110,140112,140114,140116,140118,140120,140122,140124,140126,140128,140130,140132],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140109,565],{"class":54},[40,140111,3087],{"class":212},[40,140113,217],{"class":216},[40,140115,3087],{"class":212},[40,140117,62],{"class":54},[40,140119,3082],{"class":212},[40,140121,236],{"class":216},[40,140123,3087],{"class":212},[40,140125,62],{"class":54},[40,140127,3082],{"class":212},[40,140129,57886],{"class":216},[40,140131,3087],{"class":212},[40,140133,73],{"class":54},[40,140135,140136,140138,140140,140142,140144,140146],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,140137,3076],{"class":50},[40,140139,3079],{"class":1848},[40,140141,3082],{"class":212},[40,140143,610],{"class":216},[40,140145,3087],{"class":212},[40,140147,3090],{"class":50},[40,140149,140150],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,140151,85068],{"class":46},[20,140153,140154],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[134,140156,140157,140160,140163],{},[137,140158,140159],{},"loop over it",[137,140161,140162],{},"access items by index",[137,140164,140165],{},"combine items again later",[20,140167,140168,140169,289],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[282,140170,125954,140172,10510],{"href":140171},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140173,133036],{},[20,140175,195],{},[31,140177,140179],{"className":33,"code":140178,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140180,140181,140213,140235,140239],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140182,140183,140185,140187,140189,140191,140193,140195,140197,140199,140201,140203,140205,140207,140209,140211],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140184,42588],{"class":46},[40,140186,51],{"class":50},[40,140188,55],{"class":54},[40,140190,3087],{"class":212},[40,140192,217],{"class":216},[40,140194,3087],{"class":212},[40,140196,62],{"class":54},[40,140198,3082],{"class":212},[40,140200,236],{"class":216},[40,140202,3087],{"class":212},[40,140204,62],{"class":54},[40,140206,3082],{"class":212},[40,140208,57886],{"class":216},[40,140210,3087],{"class":212},[40,140212,73],{"class":54},[40,140214,140215,140217,140219,140221,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231,140233],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,140216,34450],{"class":46},[40,140218,51],{"class":50},[40,140220,224],{"class":212},[40,140222,1806],{"class":216},[40,140224,213],{"class":212},[40,140226,289],{"class":54},[40,140228,133113],{"class":91},[40,140230,88],{"class":54},[40,140232,42620],{"class":91},[40,140234,95],{"class":54},[40,140236,140237],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,140238,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,140240,140241,140243,140245,140247],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,140242,101],{"class":84},[40,140244,88],{"class":54},[40,140246,34471],{"class":91},[40,140248,95],{"class":54},[20,140250,111],{},[31,140252,140254],{"className":33,"code":140253,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140255,140256],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140257,140258,140260,140262,140264,140266],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140259,217],{"class":46},[40,140261,1806],{"class":50},[40,140263,236],{"class":46},[40,140265,1806],{"class":50},[40,140267,140268],{"class":46},"bird\n",[129,140270,140272],{"id":140271},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140274,140275],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[792,140277,140279],{"id":140278},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[31,140281,140283],{"className":33,"code":140282,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140284,140285,140293],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140286,140287,140289,140291],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140288,34450],{"class":46},[40,140290,51],{"class":50},[40,140292,7656],{"class":212},[40,140294,140295,140297,140299,140301,140303,140305],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,140296,101],{"class":84},[40,140298,88],{"class":54},[40,140300,34471],{"class":91},[40,140302,289],{"class":54},[40,140304,34231],{"class":91},[40,140306,847],{"class":54},[20,140308,111],{},[31,140310,140311],{"className":33,"code":38053,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,140312,140313],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140314,140315],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140316,38053],{"class":54},[792,140318,140320],{"id":140319},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[31,140322,140324],{"className":33,"code":140323,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140325,140326,140334],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140327,140328,140330,140332],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140329,34450],{"class":46},[40,140331,51],{"class":50},[40,140333,7656],{"class":212},[40,140335,140336,140338,140340,140342,140344,140346,140348,140350,140352,140354],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,140337,101],{"class":84},[40,140339,88],{"class":54},[40,140341,34471],{"class":91},[40,140343,289],{"class":54},[40,140345,34231],{"class":91},[40,140347,88],{"class":54},[40,140349,213],{"class":212},[40,140351,62],{"class":216},[40,140353,213],{"class":212},[40,140355,256],{"class":54},[20,140357,111],{},[31,140359,140361],{"className":33,"code":140360,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['']\n",[15,140362,140363],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140364,140365,140367,140369],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140366,565],{"class":54},[40,140368,3560],{"class":212},[40,140370,73],{"class":54},[792,140372,140374],{"id":140373},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140376,140377],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[31,140379,140381],{"className":33,"code":140380,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140382,140383,140395],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140384,140385,140387,140389,140391,140393],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140386,34450],{"class":46},[40,140388,51],{"class":50},[40,140390,224],{"class":212},[40,140392,3632],{"class":216},[40,140394,3146],{"class":212},[40,140396,140397,140399,140401,140403,140405,140407,140409,140411,140413,140415],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,140398,101],{"class":84},[40,140400,88],{"class":54},[40,140402,34471],{"class":91},[40,140404,289],{"class":54},[40,140406,34231],{"class":91},[40,140408,88],{"class":54},[40,140410,213],{"class":212},[40,140412,62],{"class":216},[40,140414,213],{"class":212},[40,140416,256],{"class":54},[20,140418,111],{},[31,140420,140422],{"className":33,"code":140421,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"['hello']\n",[15,140423,140424],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140425,140426,140428,140430,140432,140434],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140427,565],{"class":54},[40,140429,3087],{"class":212},[40,140431,3632],{"class":216},[40,140433,3087],{"class":212},[40,140435,73],{"class":54},[129,140437,1345,140439],{"id":140438},"when-to-use-split",[15,140440,60271],{},[20,140442,123,140443,140445],{},[15,140444,60271],{}," when you need to:",[134,140447,140448,140451,140454],{},[137,140449,140450],{},"split a sentence into words",[137,140452,140453],{},"split comma-separated values",[137,140455,140456],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140458,140459],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[134,140461,140462,140465,140468],{},[137,140463,140464],{},"cleaning text",[137,140466,140467],{},"parsing user input",[137,140469,140470],{},"processing simple file content",[129,140472,2613],{"id":2612},[20,140474,83839],{},[134,140476,140477,140481,140487,140490,140498],{},[137,140478,50258,140479,131174],{},[15,140480,60271],{},[137,140482,140483,140484,140486],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140485,60271],{}," returns a list, not a string",[137,140488,140489],{},"using the wrong separator",[137,140491,140492,140493,140495,140496],{},"assuming ",[15,140494,139432],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140497,60271],{},[137,140499,140500],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140502,140503],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[31,140505,140507],{"className":33,"code":140506,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140508,140509,140521,140539,140543],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140510,140511,140513,140515,140517,140519],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140512,34450],{"class":46},[40,140514,51],{"class":50},[40,140516,224],{"class":212},[40,140518,42581],{"class":216},[40,140520,3146],{"class":212},[40,140522,140523,140525,140527,140529,140531,140533,140535,140537],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,140524,34471],{"class":46},[40,140526,289],{"class":54},[40,140528,34231],{"class":91},[40,140530,88],{"class":54},[40,140532,213],{"class":212},[40,140534,62],{"class":216},[40,140536,213],{"class":212},[40,140538,95],{"class":54},[40,140540,140541],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,140542,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,140544,140545,140547,140549,140551],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,140546,101],{"class":84},[40,140548,88],{"class":54},[40,140550,34471],{"class":91},[40,140552,95],{"class":54},[20,140554,111],{},[31,140556,140558],{"className":33,"code":140557,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a,b,c\n",[15,140559,140560],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140561,140562,140564,140566,140568,140570],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140563,282],{"class":46},[40,140565,62],{"class":54},[40,140567,1017],{"class":46},[40,140569,62],{"class":54},[40,140571,1233],{"class":46},[20,140573,140574],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140576,10577],{},[31,140578,140579],{"className":33,"code":42568,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,140580,140581,140593,140615,140619],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140582,140583,140585,140587,140589,140591],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140584,34450],{"class":46},[40,140586,51],{"class":50},[40,140588,224],{"class":212},[40,140590,42581],{"class":216},[40,140592,3146],{"class":212},[40,140594,140595,140597,140599,140601,140603,140605,140607,140609,140611,140613],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,140596,42588],{"class":46},[40,140598,51],{"class":50},[40,140600,42593],{"class":46},[40,140602,289],{"class":54},[40,140604,34231],{"class":91},[40,140606,88],{"class":54},[40,140608,213],{"class":212},[40,140610,62],{"class":216},[40,140612,213],{"class":212},[40,140614,95],{"class":54},[40,140616,140617],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,140618,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,140620,140621,140623,140625,140627],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,140622,101],{"class":84},[40,140624,88],{"class":54},[40,140626,42620],{"class":91},[40,140628,95],{"class":54},[20,140630,111],{},[31,140632,140633],{"className":33,"code":42627,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,140634,140635],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140636,140637,140639,140641,140643,140645,140647,140649,140651,140653,140655,140657,140659,140661],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140638,565],{"class":54},[40,140640,3087],{"class":212},[40,140642,282],{"class":216},[40,140644,3087],{"class":212},[40,140646,62],{"class":54},[40,140648,3082],{"class":212},[40,140650,1017],{"class":216},[40,140652,3087],{"class":212},[40,140654,62],{"class":54},[40,140656,3082],{"class":212},[40,140658,1026],{"class":216},[40,140660,3087],{"class":212},[40,140662,73],{"class":54},[20,140664,140665],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[31,140667,140669],{"className":33,"code":140668,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140670,140671,140684,140706,140710],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140672,140673,140675,140677,140679,140682],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140674,34450],{"class":46},[40,140676,51],{"class":50},[40,140678,224],{"class":212},[40,140680,140681],{"class":216},"apple,banana",[40,140683,3146],{"class":212},[40,140685,140686,140688,140690,140692,140694,140696,140698,140700,140702,140704],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,140687,42588],{"class":46},[40,140689,51],{"class":50},[40,140691,42593],{"class":46},[40,140693,289],{"class":54},[40,140695,34231],{"class":91},[40,140697,88],{"class":54},[40,140699,213],{"class":212},[40,140701,62],{"class":216},[40,140703,213],{"class":212},[40,140705,95],{"class":54},[40,140707,140708],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,140709,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,140711,140712,140714,140716,140718,140720,140722],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,140713,101],{"class":84},[40,140715,88],{"class":54},[40,140717,42620],{"class":91},[40,140719,565],{"class":54},[40,140721,744],{"class":58},[40,140723,570],{"class":54},[20,140725,140726,140727,289],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[282,140728,1246],{"href":1245},[792,140730,60450],{"id":60449},[20,140732,8646,140733,140735],{},[15,140734,60271],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[31,140737,140739],{"className":33,"code":140738,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140740,140741,140751,140765,140787,140813],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,140742,140743,140745,140747,140749],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,140744,101],{"class":84},[40,140746,88],{"class":54},[40,140748,34471],{"class":91},[40,140750,95],{"class":54},[40,140752,140753,140755,140757,140759,140761,140763],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,140754,101],{"class":84},[40,140756,88],{"class":54},[40,140758,34471],{"class":91},[40,140760,289],{"class":54},[40,140762,34231],{"class":91},[40,140764,847],{"class":54},[40,140766,140767,140769,140771,140773,140775,140777,140779,140781,140783,140785],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,140768,101],{"class":84},[40,140770,88],{"class":54},[40,140772,34471],{"class":91},[40,140774,289],{"class":54},[40,140776,34231],{"class":91},[40,140778,88],{"class":54},[40,140780,3087],{"class":212},[40,140782,62],{"class":216},[40,140784,3087],{"class":212},[40,140786,256],{"class":54},[40,140788,140789,140791,140793,140795,140797,140799,140801,140803,140805,140807,140809,140811],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,140790,101],{"class":84},[40,140792,88],{"class":54},[40,140794,17],{"class":84},[40,140796,88],{"class":54},[40,140798,34471],{"class":91},[40,140800,289],{"class":54},[40,140802,34231],{"class":91},[40,140804,88],{"class":54},[40,140806,3087],{"class":212},[40,140808,62],{"class":216},[40,140810,3087],{"class":212},[40,140812,2697],{"class":54},[40,140814,140815,140817,140819,140821,140823,140825,140827,140829,140831,140833,140835,140837],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,140816,101],{"class":84},[40,140818,88],{"class":54},[40,140820,1297],{"class":609},[40,140822,88],{"class":54},[40,140824,34471],{"class":91},[40,140826,289],{"class":54},[40,140828,34231],{"class":91},[40,140830,88],{"class":54},[40,140832,3087],{"class":212},[40,140834,62],{"class":216},[40,140836,3087],{"class":212},[40,140838,2697],{"class":54},[20,140840,10939],{},[134,140842,140843,140846,140849,140852],{},[137,140844,140845],{},"what the original string looks like",[137,140847,140848],{},"which separator works",[137,140850,140851],{},"how many items were created",[137,140853,140854],{},"that the result is a list",[129,140856,1636],{"id":1635},[792,140858,4957,140860,4176,140862,2275],{"id":140859},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140861,60271],{},[15,140863,139432],{},[20,140865,140866,140868],{},[15,140867,60271],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140870,140871,140873],{},[15,140872,139432],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[792,140875,12474,140877,124281],{"id":140876},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140878,60271],{},[20,140880,140881,140882,56221],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140883,60271],{},[792,140885,1650,140887,39715],{"id":140886},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140888,139209],{},[20,140890,140891],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[792,140893,140895],{"id":140894},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140897,28821,140898,140900],{},[15,140899,60271],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[129,140902,1687],{"id":1686},[134,140904,140905,140909,140915,140921,140925],{},[137,140906,140907],{},[282,140908,129559],{"href":128637},[137,140910,140911],{},[282,140912,125954,140913,10510],{"href":140171},[15,140914,133036],{},[137,140916,140917],{},[282,140918,125954,140919,10510],{"href":136524},[15,140920,41406],{},[137,140922,140923],{},[282,140924,124709],{"href":50728},[137,140926,140927],{},[282,140928,1246],{"href":1245},[1715,140930,140931],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":140933},[140934,140935,140937,140938,140943,140944,140946,140948,140953,140955,140958,140967],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":139039,"depth":76,"text":140936},"What split() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":139287,"depth":76,"text":140939,"children":140940},"Using split() with no separator",[140941],{"id":139427,"depth":98,"text":140942},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139590,"depth":76,"text":139591},{"id":139800,"depth":76,"text":140945},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140001,"depth":76,"text":140947},"What split() returns",{"id":140271,"depth":76,"text":140272,"children":140949},[140950,140951,140952],{"id":140278,"depth":98,"text":140279},{"id":140319,"depth":98,"text":140320},{"id":140373,"depth":98,"text":140374},{"id":140438,"depth":76,"text":140954},"When to use split()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":140956},[140957],{"id":60449,"depth":98,"text":60450},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":140959},[140960,140962,140964,140966],{"id":140859,"depth":98,"text":140961},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140876,"depth":98,"text":140963},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140886,"depth":98,"text":140965},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140894,"depth":98,"text":140895},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138948,"description":140968},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140975,"title":140976,"body":140977,"description":142920,"extension":1746,"meta":142921,"navigation":360,"path":142922,"seo":142923,"stem":142924,"__hash__":142925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140978,"toc":142879},[140979,140984,140989,140996,141069,141074,141079,141084,141100,141102,141172,141174,141176,141196,141198,141243,141248,141250,141348,141353,141357,141362,141366,141369,141411,141415,141418,141463,141467,141470,141520,141524,141529,141581,141583,141588,141599,141604,141684,141686,141698,141707,141714,141729,141731,141846,141852,141856,141859,141864,142006,142009,142016,142018,142022,142030,142099,142105,142154,142159,142164,142166,142186,142188,142254,142256,142260,142263,142267,142308,142310,142343,142348,142351,142378,142380,142423,142430,142435,142445,142511,142515,142523,142528,142579,142583,142586,142588,142597,142599,142649,142651,142758,142760,142765,142772,142778,142781,142812,142817,142819,142826,142834,142843,142846,142848,142876],[10,140980,122954,140982,11091],{"id":140981},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140983,127322],{},[20,140985,122959,140986,140988],{},[15,140987,127322],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140990,126020,140991,2662,140993,140995],{},[15,140992,3391],{},[15,140994,3460],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[31,140997,140999],{"className":33,"code":140998,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141000,141001,141014,141018,141043],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141002,141003,141005,141007,141009,141012],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141004,34450],{"class":46},[40,141006,51],{"class":50},[40,141008,224],{"class":212},[40,141010,141011],{"class":216},"Python Beginner Help",[40,141013,3146],{"class":212},[40,141015,141016],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,141017,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,141019,141020,141022,141024,141026,141028,141031,141033,141035,141037,141039,141041],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,141021,101],{"class":84},[40,141023,88],{"class":54},[40,141025,34471],{"class":91},[40,141027,289],{"class":54},[40,141029,141030],{"class":91},"startswith",[40,141032,88],{"class":54},[40,141034,213],{"class":212},[40,141036,7074],{"class":216},[40,141038,213],{"class":212},[40,141040,5140],{"class":54},[40,141042,43607],{"class":3449},[40,141044,141045,141047,141049,141051,141053,141055,141057,141059,141062,141064,141066],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,141046,101],{"class":84},[40,141048,88],{"class":54},[40,141050,34471],{"class":91},[40,141052,289],{"class":54},[40,141054,141030],{"class":91},[40,141056,88],{"class":54},[40,141058,213],{"class":212},[40,141060,141061],{"class":216},"Beginner",[40,141063,213],{"class":212},[40,141065,5140],{"class":54},[40,141067,141068],{"class":3449}," # False\n",[20,141070,123,141071,141073],{},[15,141072,127322],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[129,141075,158,141077,3466],{"id":141076},"what-startswith-does",[15,141078,127322],{},[20,141080,141081,141083],{},[15,141082,127322],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[134,141085,141086,141089,141095,141097],{},[137,141087,141088],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[137,141090,1657,141091,2662,141093],{},[15,141092,3391],{},[15,141094,3460],{},[137,141096,123097],{},[137,141098,141099],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141101,195],{},[31,141103,141105],{"className":33,"code":141104,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141106,141107,141119,141123,141148],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141108,141109,141111,141113,141115,141117],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141110,7651],{"class":46},[40,141112,51],{"class":50},[40,141114,224],{"class":212},[40,141116,7074],{"class":216},[40,141118,3146],{"class":212},[40,141120,141121],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,141122,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,141124,141125,141127,141129,141131,141133,141135,141137,141139,141142,141144,141146],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,141126,101],{"class":84},[40,141128,88],{"class":54},[40,141130,7446],{"class":91},[40,141132,289],{"class":54},[40,141134,141030],{"class":91},[40,141136,88],{"class":54},[40,141138,213],{"class":212},[40,141140,141141],{"class":216},"Py",[40,141143,213],{"class":212},[40,141145,5140],{"class":54},[40,141147,43607],{"class":3449},[40,141149,141150,141152,141154,141156,141158,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168,141170],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,141151,101],{"class":84},[40,141153,88],{"class":54},[40,141155,7446],{"class":91},[40,141157,289],{"class":54},[40,141159,141030],{"class":91},[40,141161,88],{"class":54},[40,141163,213],{"class":212},[40,141165,128400],{"class":216},[40,141167,213],{"class":212},[40,141169,5140],{"class":54},[40,141171,43624],{"class":3449},[129,141173,1940],{"id":1939},[20,141175,42136],{},[31,141177,141179],{"className":33,"code":141178,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141180,141181],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141182,141183,141185,141187,141189,141191,141194],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141184,60913],{"class":46},[40,141186,289],{"class":54},[40,141188,141030],{"class":91},[40,141190,88],{"class":54},[40,141192,141193],{"class":91},"prefix",[40,141195,95],{"class":54},[20,141197,30524],{},[31,141199,141201],{"className":33,"code":141200,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141202,141203,141221],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141204,141205,141207,141209,141211,141213,141215,141217,141219],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141206,60913],{"class":46},[40,141208,289],{"class":54},[40,141210,141030],{"class":91},[40,141212,88],{"class":54},[40,141214,141193],{"class":91},[40,141216,62],{"class":54},[40,141218,35810],{"class":91},[40,141220,95],{"class":54},[40,141222,141223,141225,141227,141229,141231,141233,141235,141237,141239,141241],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,141224,60913],{"class":46},[40,141226,289],{"class":54},[40,141228,141030],{"class":91},[40,141230,88],{"class":54},[40,141232,141193],{"class":91},[40,141234,62],{"class":54},[40,141236,35810],{"class":91},[40,141238,62],{"class":54},[40,141240,64780],{"class":91},[40,141242,95],{"class":54},[20,141244,20532,141245,141247],{},[15,141246,141193],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141249,195],{},[31,141251,141253],{"className":33,"code":141252,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141254,141255,141267,141271,141296,141320],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141256,141257,141259,141261,141263,141265],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141258,34450],{"class":46},[40,141260,51],{"class":50},[40,141262,224],{"class":212},[40,141264,60146],{"class":216},[40,141266,3146],{"class":212},[40,141268,141269],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,141270,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,141272,141273,141275,141277,141279,141281,141283,141285,141287,141289,141291,141293],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,141274,101],{"class":84},[40,141276,88],{"class":54},[40,141278,34471],{"class":91},[40,141280,289],{"class":54},[40,141282,141030],{"class":91},[40,141284,88],{"class":54},[40,141286,213],{"class":212},[40,141288,3632],{"class":216},[40,141290,213],{"class":212},[40,141292,5140],{"class":54},[40,141294,141295],{"class":3449},"      # True\n",[40,141297,141298,141300,141302,141304,141306,141308,141310,141312,141314,141316,141318],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,141299,101],{"class":84},[40,141301,88],{"class":54},[40,141303,34471],{"class":91},[40,141305,289],{"class":54},[40,141307,141030],{"class":91},[40,141309,88],{"class":54},[40,141311,213],{"class":212},[40,141313,60331],{"class":216},[40,141315,213],{"class":212},[40,141317,5140],{"class":54},[40,141319,20961],{"class":3449},[40,141321,141322,141324,141326,141328,141330,141332,141334,141336,141338,141340,141342,141344,141346],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,141323,101],{"class":84},[40,141325,88],{"class":54},[40,141327,34471],{"class":91},[40,141329,289],{"class":54},[40,141331,141030],{"class":91},[40,141333,88],{"class":54},[40,141335,213],{"class":212},[40,141337,60331],{"class":216},[40,141339,213],{"class":212},[40,141341,62],{"class":54},[40,141343,687],{"class":58},[40,141345,5140],{"class":54},[40,141347,43607],{"class":3449},[20,141349,141350,141351,289],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[282,141352,124709],{"href":50728},[129,141354,141356],{"id":141355},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141358,141359,141361],{},[15,141360,127322],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[792,141363,141364],{"id":141193},[15,141365,141193],{},[20,141367,141368],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[31,141370,141372],{"className":33,"code":141371,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141373,141374,141386],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141375,141376,141378,141380,141382,141384],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141377,34450],{"class":46},[40,141379,51],{"class":50},[40,141381,224],{"class":212},[40,141383,3871],{"class":216},[40,141385,3146],{"class":212},[40,141387,141388,141390,141392,141394,141396,141398,141400,141402,141405,141407,141409],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,141389,101],{"class":84},[40,141391,88],{"class":54},[40,141393,34471],{"class":91},[40,141395,289],{"class":54},[40,141397,141030],{"class":91},[40,141399,88],{"class":54},[40,141401,213],{"class":212},[40,141403,141404],{"class":216},"ban",[40,141406,213],{"class":212},[40,141408,5140],{"class":54},[40,141410,3450],{"class":3449},[792,141412,141413],{"id":35831},[15,141414,35831],{},[20,141416,141417],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[31,141419,141421],{"className":33,"code":141420,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141422,141423,141435],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141424,141425,141427,141429,141431,141433],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141426,34450],{"class":46},[40,141428,51],{"class":50},[40,141430,224],{"class":212},[40,141432,60146],{"class":216},[40,141434,3146],{"class":212},[40,141436,141437,141439,141441,141443,141445,141447,141449,141451,141453,141455,141457,141459,141461],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,141438,101],{"class":84},[40,141440,88],{"class":54},[40,141442,34471],{"class":91},[40,141444,289],{"class":54},[40,141446,141030],{"class":91},[40,141448,88],{"class":54},[40,141450,213],{"class":212},[40,141452,60331],{"class":216},[40,141454,213],{"class":212},[40,141456,62],{"class":54},[40,141458,687],{"class":58},[40,141460,5140],{"class":54},[40,141462,3450],{"class":3449},[792,141464,141465],{"id":52406},[15,141466,52406],{},[20,141468,141469],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[31,141471,141473],{"className":33,"code":141472,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141474,141475,141487],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141476,141477,141479,141481,141483,141485],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141478,34450],{"class":46},[40,141480,51],{"class":50},[40,141482,224],{"class":212},[40,141484,60146],{"class":216},[40,141486,3146],{"class":212},[40,141488,141489,141491,141493,141495,141497,141499,141501,141503,141506,141508,141510,141512,141514,141516,141518],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,141490,101],{"class":84},[40,141492,88],{"class":54},[40,141494,34471],{"class":91},[40,141496,289],{"class":54},[40,141498,141030],{"class":91},[40,141500,88],{"class":54},[40,141502,213],{"class":212},[40,141504,141505],{"class":216},"wor",[40,141507,213],{"class":212},[40,141509,62],{"class":54},[40,141511,687],{"class":58},[40,141513,62],{"class":54},[40,141515,53879],{"class":58},[40,141517,5140],{"class":54},[40,141519,3450],{"class":3449},[792,141521,141523],{"id":141522},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141525,141526,141528],{},[15,141527,141193],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[31,141530,141532],{"className":33,"code":141531,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141533,141534,141547],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141535,141536,141538,141540,141542,141545],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141537,126037],{"class":46},[40,141539,51],{"class":50},[40,141541,224],{"class":212},[40,141543,141544],{"class":216},"img_001.png",[40,141546,3146],{"class":212},[40,141548,141549,141551,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561,141563,141566,141568,141570,141572,141575,141577,141579],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,141550,101],{"class":84},[40,141552,88],{"class":54},[40,141554,126055],{"class":91},[40,141556,289],{"class":54},[40,141558,141030],{"class":91},[40,141560,5289],{"class":54},[40,141562,213],{"class":212},[40,141564,141565],{"class":216},"img_",[40,141567,213],{"class":212},[40,141569,62],{"class":54},[40,141571,224],{"class":212},[40,141573,141574],{"class":216},"photo_",[40,141576,213],{"class":212},[40,141578,50843],{"class":54},[40,141580,3450],{"class":3449},[129,141582,17184],{"id":17183},[20,141584,141585,141587],{},[15,141586,127322],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[134,141589,141590,141595],{},[137,141591,141592,141594],{},[15,141593,3391],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[137,141596,141597,126639],{},[15,141598,3460],{},[20,141600,141601,141602,6950],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141603,536],{},[31,141605,141607],{"className":33,"code":141606,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141608,141609,141623,141627,141648,141663,141669],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141610,141611,141614,141616,141618,141621],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141612,141613],{"class":46},"command ",[40,141615,51],{"class":50},[40,141617,224],{"class":212},[40,141619,141620],{"class":216},"\u002Fhelp",[40,141622,3146],{"class":212},[40,141624,141625],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,141626,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,141628,141629,141631,141634,141636,141638,141640,141642,141644,141646],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,141630,536],{"class":535},[40,141632,141633],{"class":46}," command",[40,141635,289],{"class":54},[40,141637,141030],{"class":91},[40,141639,88],{"class":54},[40,141641,213],{"class":212},[40,141643,126846],{"class":216},[40,141645,213],{"class":212},[40,141647,8112],{"class":54},[40,141649,141650,141652,141654,141656,141659,141661],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,141651,558],{"class":84},[40,141653,88],{"class":54},[40,141655,213],{"class":212},[40,141657,141658],{"class":216},"This looks like a command.",[40,141660,213],{"class":212},[40,141662,95],{"class":54},[40,141664,141665,141667],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,141666,576],{"class":535},[40,141668,553],{"class":54},[40,141670,141671,141673,141675,141677,141680,141682],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,141672,558],{"class":84},[40,141674,88],{"class":54},[40,141676,213],{"class":212},[40,141678,141679],{"class":216},"This is normal text.",[40,141681,213],{"class":212},[40,141683,95],{"class":54},[20,141685,111],{},[31,141687,141689],{"className":33,"code":141688,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141690,141691],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141692,141693,141696],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141694,141695],{"class":46},"This looks like a command",[40,141697,121986],{"class":54},[129,141699,795,141701,8475,141703,4176,141705],{"id":141700},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141702,127322],{},[15,141704,35831],{},[15,141706,52406],{},[20,141708,606,141709,4176,141711,141713],{},[15,141710,35831],{},[15,141712,52406],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[134,141715,141716,141721,141726],{},[137,141717,141718,141720],{},[15,141719,35831],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[137,141722,141723,141725],{},[15,141724,52406],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[137,141727,141728],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141730,195],{},[31,141732,141734],{"className":33,"code":141733,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141735,141736,141748,141752,141781,141814],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141737,141738,141740,141742,141744,141746],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141739,34450],{"class":46},[40,141741,51],{"class":50},[40,141743,224],{"class":212},[40,141745,139233],{"class":216},[40,141747,3146],{"class":212},[40,141749,141750],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,141751,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,141753,141754,141756,141758,141760,141762,141764,141766,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,141755,101],{"class":84},[40,141757,88],{"class":54},[40,141759,34471],{"class":91},[40,141761,289],{"class":54},[40,141763,141030],{"class":91},[40,141765,88],{"class":54},[40,141767,213],{"class":212},[40,141769,78870],{"class":216},[40,141771,213],{"class":212},[40,141773,62],{"class":54},[40,141775,675],{"class":58},[40,141777,5140],{"class":54},[40,141779,141780],{"class":3449},"        # True\n",[40,141782,141783,141785,141787,141789,141791,141793,141795,141797,141799,141801,141803,141805,141807,141810,141812],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,141784,101],{"class":84},[40,141786,88],{"class":54},[40,141788,34471],{"class":91},[40,141790,289],{"class":54},[40,141792,141030],{"class":91},[40,141794,88],{"class":54},[40,141796,213],{"class":212},[40,141798,133840],{"class":216},[40,141800,213],{"class":212},[40,141802,62],{"class":54},[40,141804,6137],{"class":58},[40,141806,62],{"class":54},[40,141808,141809],{"class":58}," 13",[40,141811,5140],{"class":54},[40,141813,3450],{"class":3449},[40,141815,141816,141818,141820,141822,141824,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141836,141838,141840,141842,141844],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,141817,101],{"class":84},[40,141819,88],{"class":54},[40,141821,34471],{"class":91},[40,141823,289],{"class":54},[40,141825,141030],{"class":91},[40,141827,88],{"class":54},[40,141829,213],{"class":212},[40,141831,133840],{"class":216},[40,141833,213],{"class":212},[40,141835,62],{"class":54},[40,141837,6137],{"class":58},[40,141839,62],{"class":54},[40,141841,30703],{"class":58},[40,141843,5140],{"class":54},[40,141845,4553],{"class":3449},[20,141847,141848,141849,141851],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141850,52406],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[129,141853,141855],{"id":141854},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141857,141858],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141860,141861,141862,49100],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141863,40592],{},[31,141865,141867],{"className":33,"code":141866,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141868,141869,141883,141897,141911,141915,141939,141943,141964,141985],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,141870,141871,141874,141876,141878,141881],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,141872,141873],{"class":46},"filename1 ",[40,141875,51],{"class":50},[40,141877,224],{"class":212},[40,141879,141880],{"class":216},"img_101.jpg",[40,141882,3146],{"class":212},[40,141884,141885,141888,141890,141892,141895],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,141886,141887],{"class":46},"filename2 ",[40,141889,51],{"class":50},[40,141891,224],{"class":212},[40,141893,141894],{"class":216},"photo_202.jpg",[40,141896,3146],{"class":212},[40,141898,141899,141902,141904,141906,141909],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,141900,141901],{"class":46},"filename3 ",[40,141903,51],{"class":50},[40,141905,224],{"class":212},[40,141907,141908],{"class":216},"doc_303.jpg",[40,141910,3146],{"class":212},[40,141912,141913],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,141914,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,141916,141917,141919,141921,141923,141925,141927,141929,141931,141933,141935,141937],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,141918,127249],{"class":46},[40,141920,51],{"class":50},[40,141922,9006],{"class":54},[40,141924,213],{"class":212},[40,141926,141565],{"class":216},[40,141928,213],{"class":212},[40,141930,62],{"class":54},[40,141932,224],{"class":212},[40,141934,141574],{"class":216},[40,141936,213],{"class":212},[40,141938,95],{"class":54},[40,141940,141941],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,141942,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,141944,141945,141947,141949,141952,141954,141956,141958,141960,141962],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,141946,101],{"class":84},[40,141948,88],{"class":54},[40,141950,141951],{"class":91},"filename1",[40,141953,289],{"class":54},[40,141955,141030],{"class":91},[40,141957,88],{"class":54},[40,141959,127301],{"class":91},[40,141961,5140],{"class":54},[40,141963,3450],{"class":3449},[40,141965,141966,141968,141970,141973,141975,141977,141979,141981,141983],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,141967,101],{"class":84},[40,141969,88],{"class":54},[40,141971,141972],{"class":91},"filename2",[40,141974,289],{"class":54},[40,141976,141030],{"class":91},[40,141978,88],{"class":54},[40,141980,127301],{"class":91},[40,141982,5140],{"class":54},[40,141984,3450],{"class":3449},[40,141986,141987,141989,141991,141994,141996,141998,142000,142002,142004],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,141988,101],{"class":84},[40,141990,88],{"class":54},[40,141992,141993],{"class":91},"filename3",[40,141995,289],{"class":54},[40,141997,141030],{"class":91},[40,141999,88],{"class":54},[40,142001,127301],{"class":91},[40,142003,5140],{"class":54},[40,142005,4553],{"class":3449},[20,142007,142008],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142010,74371,142011,142015],{},[282,142012,125954,142013,10510],{"href":129548},[15,142014,126012],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[129,142017,123601],{"id":123600},[20,142019,142020,123412],{},[15,142021,127322],{},[20,142023,126999,142024,4176,142027,127006],{},[15,142025,142026],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142028,142029],{},"\"python\"",[31,142031,142033],{"className":33,"code":142032,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142034,142035,142047,142051,142075],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142036,142037,142039,142041,142043,142045],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142038,34450],{"class":46},[40,142040,51],{"class":50},[40,142042,224],{"class":212},[40,142044,7074],{"class":216},[40,142046,3146],{"class":212},[40,142048,142049],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,142050,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,142052,142053,142055,142057,142059,142061,142063,142065,142067,142069,142071,142073],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,142054,101],{"class":84},[40,142056,88],{"class":54},[40,142058,34471],{"class":91},[40,142060,289],{"class":54},[40,142062,141030],{"class":91},[40,142064,88],{"class":54},[40,142066,213],{"class":212},[40,142068,141141],{"class":216},[40,142070,213],{"class":212},[40,142072,5140],{"class":54},[40,142074,3450],{"class":3449},[40,142076,142077,142079,142081,142083,142085,142087,142089,142091,142093,142095,142097],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,142078,101],{"class":84},[40,142080,88],{"class":54},[40,142082,34471],{"class":91},[40,142084,289],{"class":54},[40,142086,141030],{"class":91},[40,142088,88],{"class":54},[40,142090,213],{"class":212},[40,142092,128400],{"class":216},[40,142094,213],{"class":212},[40,142096,5140],{"class":54},[40,142098,4553],{"class":3449},[20,142100,127091,142101,289],{},[282,142102,142103],{"href":123681},[15,142104,123684],{},[31,142106,142108],{"className":33,"code":142107,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142109,142110,142122,142126],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142111,142112,142114,142116,142118,142120],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142113,34450],{"class":46},[40,142115,51],{"class":50},[40,142117,224],{"class":212},[40,142119,7074],{"class":216},[40,142121,3146],{"class":212},[40,142123,142124],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,142125,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,142127,142128,142130,142132,142134,142136,142138,142140,142142,142144,142146,142148,142150,142152],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,142129,101],{"class":84},[40,142131,88],{"class":54},[40,142133,34471],{"class":91},[40,142135,289],{"class":54},[40,142137,8410],{"class":91},[40,142139,8407],{"class":54},[40,142141,141030],{"class":91},[40,142143,88],{"class":54},[40,142145,213],{"class":212},[40,142147,128400],{"class":216},[40,142149,213],{"class":212},[40,142151,5140],{"class":54},[40,142153,3450],{"class":3449},[129,142155,1345,142157],{"id":142156},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142158,127322],{},[20,142160,142161,142163],{},[15,142162,127322],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142165,1357],{},[134,142167,142168,142171,142174,142183],{},[137,142169,142170],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[137,142172,142173],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[137,142175,142176,142177,2662,142180],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142178,142179],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142181,142182],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[137,142184,142185],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142187,195],{},[31,142189,142191],{"className":33,"code":142190,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142192,142193,142206,142210,142239],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142194,142195,142197,142199,142201,142204],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142196,126817],{"class":46},[40,142198,51],{"class":50},[40,142200,224],{"class":212},[40,142202,142203],{"class":216},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[40,142205,3146],{"class":212},[40,142207,142208],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,142209,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,142211,142212,142214,142217,142219,142221,142223,142225,142227,142229,142231,142233,142235,142237],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,142213,536],{"class":535},[40,142215,142216],{"class":46}," url",[40,142218,289],{"class":54},[40,142220,141030],{"class":91},[40,142222,5289],{"class":54},[40,142224,213],{"class":212},[40,142226,142179],{"class":216},[40,142228,213],{"class":212},[40,142230,62],{"class":54},[40,142232,224],{"class":212},[40,142234,142182],{"class":216},[40,142236,213],{"class":212},[40,142238,1569],{"class":54},[40,142240,142241,142243,142245,142247,142250,142252],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,142242,558],{"class":84},[40,142244,88],{"class":54},[40,142246,213],{"class":212},[40,142248,142249],{"class":216},"This looks like a web URL.",[40,142251,213],{"class":212},[40,142253,95],{"class":54},[129,142255,2613],{"id":2612},[20,142257,22856,142258,289],{},[15,142259,127322],{},[792,142261,138394],{"id":142262},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142264,142265,123412],{},[15,142266,127322],{},[31,142268,142270],{"className":33,"code":142269,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142271,142272,142284],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142273,142274,142276,142278,142280,142282],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142275,34450],{"class":46},[40,142277,51],{"class":50},[40,142279,224],{"class":212},[40,142281,7074],{"class":216},[40,142283,3146],{"class":212},[40,142285,142286,142288,142290,142292,142294,142296,142298,142300,142302,142304,142306],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,142287,101],{"class":84},[40,142289,88],{"class":54},[40,142291,34471],{"class":91},[40,142293,289],{"class":54},[40,142295,141030],{"class":91},[40,142297,88],{"class":54},[40,142299,213],{"class":212},[40,142301,35],{"class":216},[40,142303,213],{"class":212},[40,142305,5140],{"class":54},[40,142307,4553],{"class":3449},[20,142309,39016],{},[31,142311,142313],{"className":33,"code":142312,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142314,142315],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142316,142317,142319,142321,142323,142325,142327,142329,142331,142333,142335,142337,142339,142341],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142318,101],{"class":84},[40,142320,88],{"class":54},[40,142322,34471],{"class":91},[40,142324,289],{"class":54},[40,142326,8410],{"class":91},[40,142328,8407],{"class":54},[40,142330,141030],{"class":91},[40,142332,88],{"class":54},[40,142334,213],{"class":212},[40,142336,35],{"class":216},[40,142338,213],{"class":212},[40,142340,5140],{"class":54},[40,142342,3450],{"class":3449},[792,142344,29410,142346,136876],{"id":142345},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142347,127322],{},[20,142349,142350],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[31,142352,142354],{"className":33,"code":142353,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142355,142356,142364,142368,142373],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142357,142358,142360,142362],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142359,2230],{"class":46},[40,142361,51],{"class":50},[40,142363,124636],{"class":58},[40,142365,142366],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,142367,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,142369,142370],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,142371,142372],{"class":3449},"# This will cause an error:\n",[40,142374,142375],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,142376,142377],{"class":3449},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142379,39016],{},[31,142381,142383],{"className":33,"code":142382,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142384,142385,142399],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142386,142387,142389,142391,142393,142395,142397],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142388,2230],{"class":46},[40,142390,51],{"class":50},[40,142392,48656],{"class":609},[40,142394,88],{"class":54},[40,142396,49998],{"class":58},[40,142398,95],{"class":54},[40,142400,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411,142413,142415,142417,142419,142421],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,142402,101],{"class":84},[40,142404,88],{"class":54},[40,142406,2255],{"class":91},[40,142408,289],{"class":54},[40,142410,141030],{"class":91},[40,142412,88],{"class":54},[40,142414,213],{"class":212},[40,142416,658],{"class":216},[40,142418,213],{"class":212},[40,142420,5140],{"class":54},[40,142422,3450],{"class":3449},[792,142424,36960,142426,8475,142428],{"id":142425},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142427,127322],{},[15,142429,1554],{},[20,142431,142432,142434],{},[15,142433,127322],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142436,142437,142438,142440,142441,289],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142439,1554],{}," or methods like ",[282,142442,142443],{"href":123964},[15,142444,123949],{},[31,142446,142448],{"className":33,"code":142447,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142449,142450,142462,142466,142490],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142451,142452,142454,142456,142458,142460],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142453,34450],{"class":46},[40,142455,51],{"class":50},[40,142457,224],{"class":212},[40,142459,60146],{"class":216},[40,142461,3146],{"class":212},[40,142463,142464],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,142465,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,142467,142468,142470,142472,142474,142476,142478,142480,142482,142484,142486,142488],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,142469,101],{"class":84},[40,142471,88],{"class":54},[40,142473,34471],{"class":91},[40,142475,289],{"class":54},[40,142477,141030],{"class":91},[40,142479,88],{"class":54},[40,142481,213],{"class":212},[40,142483,60331],{"class":216},[40,142485,213],{"class":212},[40,142487,5140],{"class":54},[40,142489,4553],{"class":3449},[40,142491,142492,142494,142496,142498,142500,142502,142504,142506,142508],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,142493,101],{"class":84},[40,142495,88],{"class":54},[40,142497,213],{"class":212},[40,142499,60331],{"class":216},[40,142501,213],{"class":212},[40,142503,20934],{"class":535},[40,142505,42593],{"class":91},[40,142507,18],{"class":54},[40,142509,142510],{"class":3449},"           # True\n",[20,142512,135428,142513,289],{},[282,142514,126990],{"href":123209},[792,142516,4486,142518,4176,142520,142522],{"id":142517},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142519,35831],{},[15,142521,52406],{}," use index positions",[20,142524,142525,142526,289],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142527,192],{},[31,142529,142531],{"className":33,"code":142530,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142532,142533,142546,142550],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142534,142535,142537,142539,142541,142544],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142536,34450],{"class":46},[40,142538,51],{"class":50},[40,142540,224],{"class":212},[40,142542,142543],{"class":216},"abcdef",[40,142545,3146],{"class":212},[40,142547,142548],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,142549,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,142551,142552,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562,142564,142566,142569,142571,142573,142575,142577],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,142553,101],{"class":84},[40,142555,88],{"class":54},[40,142557,34471],{"class":91},[40,142559,289],{"class":54},[40,142561,141030],{"class":91},[40,142563,88],{"class":54},[40,142565,213],{"class":212},[40,142567,142568],{"class":216},"cd",[40,142570,213],{"class":212},[40,142572,62],{"class":54},[40,142574,663],{"class":58},[40,142576,5140],{"class":54},[40,142578,3450],{"class":3449},[792,142580,142582],{"id":142581},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142584,142585],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142587,807],{},[31,142589,142591],{"className":33,"code":142590,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142592,142593],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142594,142595],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142596,142590],{"class":3449},[20,142598,850],{},[31,142600,142602],{"className":33,"code":142601,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142603,142604,142616],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142605,142606,142608,142610,142612,142614],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142607,34450],{"class":46},[40,142609,51],{"class":50},[40,142611,224],{"class":212},[40,142613,7074],{"class":216},[40,142615,3146],{"class":212},[40,142617,142618,142620,142622,142624,142626,142628,142630,142632,142634,142636,142638,142640,142643,142645,142647],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,142619,101],{"class":84},[40,142621,88],{"class":54},[40,142623,34471],{"class":91},[40,142625,289],{"class":54},[40,142627,141030],{"class":91},[40,142629,5289],{"class":54},[40,142631,213],{"class":212},[40,142633,141141],{"class":216},[40,142635,213],{"class":212},[40,142637,62],{"class":54},[40,142639,224],{"class":212},[40,142641,142642],{"class":216},"Ja",[40,142644,213],{"class":212},[40,142646,50843],{"class":54},[40,142648,3450],{"class":3449},[20,142650,31843],{},[31,142652,142654],{"className":33,"code":142653,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142655,142656,142666,142680,142702,142728],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142657,142658,142660,142662,142664],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142659,101],{"class":84},[40,142661,88],{"class":54},[40,142663,34471],{"class":91},[40,142665,95],{"class":54},[40,142667,142668,142670,142672,142674,142676,142678],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,142669,101],{"class":84},[40,142671,88],{"class":54},[40,142673,1297],{"class":609},[40,142675,88],{"class":54},[40,142677,34471],{"class":91},[40,142679,256],{"class":54},[40,142681,142682,142684,142686,142688,142690,142692,142694,142696,142698,142700],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,142683,101],{"class":84},[40,142685,88],{"class":54},[40,142687,34471],{"class":91},[40,142689,289],{"class":54},[40,142691,141030],{"class":91},[40,142693,88],{"class":54},[40,142695,213],{"class":212},[40,142697,141141],{"class":216},[40,142699,213],{"class":212},[40,142701,256],{"class":54},[40,142703,142704,142706,142708,142710,142712,142714,142716,142718,142720,142722,142724,142726],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,142705,101],{"class":84},[40,142707,88],{"class":54},[40,142709,34471],{"class":91},[40,142711,289],{"class":54},[40,142713,8410],{"class":91},[40,142715,8407],{"class":54},[40,142717,141030],{"class":91},[40,142719,88],{"class":54},[40,142721,213],{"class":212},[40,142723,128400],{"class":216},[40,142725,213],{"class":212},[40,142727,256],{"class":54},[40,142729,142730,142732,142734,142736,142738,142740,142742,142744,142746,142748,142750,142752,142754,142756],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,142731,101],{"class":84},[40,142733,88],{"class":54},[40,142735,34471],{"class":91},[40,142737,289],{"class":54},[40,142739,141030],{"class":91},[40,142741,5289],{"class":54},[40,142743,213],{"class":212},[40,142745,141141],{"class":216},[40,142747,213],{"class":212},[40,142749,62],{"class":54},[40,142751,224],{"class":212},[40,142753,142642],{"class":216},[40,142755,213],{"class":212},[40,142757,2697],{"class":54},[129,142759,1636],{"id":1635},[792,142761,12474,142763,127800],{"id":142762},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142764,127322],{},[20,142766,142767,142768,2662,142770,289],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142769,3391],{},[15,142771,3460],{},[792,142773,4947,142775,142777],{"id":142774},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142776,127322],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142779,142780],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[31,142782,142784],{"className":33,"code":142783,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142785,142786],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142787,142788,142790,142792,142794,142796,142798,142800,142802,142804,142806,142808,142810],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142789,34471],{"class":46},[40,142791,289],{"class":54},[40,142793,141030],{"class":91},[40,142795,5289],{"class":54},[40,142797,213],{"class":212},[40,142799,282],{"class":216},[40,142801,213],{"class":212},[40,142803,62],{"class":54},[40,142805,224],{"class":212},[40,142807,1017],{"class":216},[40,142809,213],{"class":212},[40,142811,256],{"class":54},[792,142813,14671,142815,124290],{"id":142814},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142816,127322],{},[20,142818,129483],{},[792,142820,4957,142822,4176,142824,2275],{"id":142821},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142823,127322],{},[15,142825,1554],{},[20,142827,142828,142830,142831,142833],{},[15,142829,127322],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142832,1554],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[792,142835,1671,142837,4176,142839,8475,142841,2275],{"id":142836},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142838,35831],{},[15,142840,52406],{},[15,142842,127322],{},[20,142844,142845],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[129,142847,1687],{"id":1686},[134,142849,142850,142856,142862,142868,142872],{},[137,142851,142852],{},[282,142853,125954,142854,10510],{"href":129548},[15,142855,126012],{},[137,142857,142858],{},[282,142859,125954,142860,10510],{"href":123964},[15,142861,123949],{},[137,142863,142864],{},[282,142865,125954,142866,10510],{"href":123681},[15,142867,123684],{},[137,142869,142870],{},[282,142871,124353],{"href":123209},[137,142873,142874],{},[282,142875,124709],{"href":50728},[1715,142877,142878],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":142880},[142881,142883,142884,142890,142891,142893,142894,142895,142897,142907,142919],{"id":141076,"depth":76,"text":142882},"What startswith() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":141355,"depth":76,"text":141356,"children":142885},[142886,142887,142888,142889],{"id":141193,"depth":98,"text":141193},{"id":35831,"depth":98,"text":35831},{"id":52406,"depth":98,"text":52406},{"id":141522,"depth":98,"text":141523},{"id":17183,"depth":76,"text":17184},{"id":141700,"depth":76,"text":142892},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141854,"depth":76,"text":141855},{"id":123600,"depth":76,"text":123601},{"id":142156,"depth":76,"text":142896},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":142898},[142899,142900,142902,142904,142906],{"id":142262,"depth":98,"text":138394},{"id":142345,"depth":98,"text":142901},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142425,"depth":98,"text":142903},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142517,"depth":98,"text":142905},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142581,"depth":98,"text":142582},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":142908},[142909,142911,142913,142915,142917],{"id":142762,"depth":98,"text":142910},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142774,"depth":98,"text":142912},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142814,"depth":98,"text":142914},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142821,"depth":98,"text":142916},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142836,"depth":98,"text":142918},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140976,"description":142920},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142927,"title":142928,"body":142929,"description":144383,"extension":1746,"meta":144384,"navigation":360,"path":144385,"seo":144386,"stem":144387,"__hash__":144388},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142930,"toc":144353},[142931,142936,142941,142944,142946,142990,142992,143000,143005,143010,143015,143017,143035,143037,143083,143085,143099,143108,143112,143114,143116,143128,143133,143136,143168,143170,143179,143184,143187,143228,143230,143238,143240,143253,143259,143263,143266,143282,143284,143333,143335,143344,143347,143406,143408,143417,143424,143427,143480,143482,143506,143513,143519,143523,143529,143532,143543,143545,143585,143587,143595,143597,143637,143639,143648,143650,143668,143671,143678,143689,143692,143709,143711,143788,143790,143821,143824,143826,143829,143855,143857,143897,143899,143908,143918,143926,143934,143939,143944,143946,143960,143962,144013,144015,144024,144034,144036,144038,144060,144063,144142,144144,144180,144183,144258,144263,144265,144271,144276,144281,144284,144290,144293,144300,144308,144312,144320,144322,144350],[10,142932,122954,142934,11091],{"id":142933},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142935,41406],{},[20,142937,32078,142938,142940],{},[15,142939,41406],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142942,142943],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[129,142945,3396],{"id":3395},[31,142947,142949],{"className":33,"code":142948,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142950,142951,142964,142979],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142952,142953,142955,142957,142959,142962],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142954,34450],{"class":46},[40,142956,51],{"class":50},[40,142958,224],{"class":212},[40,142960,142961],{"class":216},"  hello  ",[40,142963,3146],{"class":212},[40,142965,142966,142969,142971,142973,142975,142977],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,142967,142968],{"class":46},"clean_text ",[40,142970,51],{"class":50},[40,142972,42593],{"class":46},[40,142974,289],{"class":54},[40,142976,8404],{"class":91},[40,142978,8413],{"class":54},[40,142980,142981,142983,142985,142988],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,142982,101],{"class":84},[40,142984,88],{"class":54},[40,142986,142987],{"class":91},"clean_text",[40,142989,95],{"class":54},[20,142991,111],{},[31,142993,142994],{"className":33,"code":138269,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,142995,142996],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,142997,142998],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,142999,138269],{"class":46},[20,143001,123,143002,143004],{},[15,143003,41406],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[129,143006,158,143008,3466],{"id":143007},"what-strip-does",[15,143009,41406],{},[20,143011,143012,143014],{},[15,143013,41406],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143016,12821],{},[134,143018,143019,143023,143026,143029,143032],{},[137,143020,143021,131304],{},[15,143022,41406],{},[137,143024,143025],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[137,143027,143028],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[137,143030,143031],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[137,143033,143034],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143036,195],{},[31,143038,143040],{"className":33,"code":143039,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143041,143042,143055,143059,143073],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143043,143044,143046,143048,143050,143053],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143045,34450],{"class":46},[40,143047,51],{"class":50},[40,143049,224],{"class":212},[40,143051,143052],{"class":216},"  hello world  ",[40,143054,3146],{"class":212},[40,143056,143057],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,143058,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,143060,143061,143063,143065,143067,143069,143071],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,143062,101],{"class":84},[40,143064,88],{"class":54},[40,143066,34471],{"class":91},[40,143068,289],{"class":54},[40,143070,8404],{"class":91},[40,143072,847],{"class":54},[40,143074,143075,143077,143079,143081],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,143076,101],{"class":84},[40,143078,88],{"class":54},[40,143080,34471],{"class":91},[40,143082,95],{"class":54},[20,143084,111],{},[31,143086,143088],{"className":33,"code":143087,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143089,143090,143094],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143091,143092],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143093,133970],{"class":46},[40,143095,143096],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,143097,143098],{"class":46},"  hello world\n",[20,143100,143101,143102,143104,143105,143107],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143103,41406],{},", but the original ",[15,143106,34471],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143109,124706,143110,289],{},[282,143111,124709],{"href":50728},[129,143113,1940],{"id":1939},[20,143115,26248],{},[134,143117,143118,143123],{},[137,143119,143120],{},[15,143121,143122],{},"string.strip()",[137,143124,143125],{},[15,143126,143127],{},"string.strip(chars)",[792,143129,143131],{"id":143130},"stringstrip",[15,143132,143122],{},[20,143134,143135],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[31,143137,143139],{"className":33,"code":143138,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143140,143141,143154],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143142,143143,143145,143147,143149,143152],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143144,7651],{"class":46},[40,143146,51],{"class":50},[40,143148,224],{"class":212},[40,143150,143151],{"class":216},"  Alice  ",[40,143153,3146],{"class":212},[40,143155,143156,143158,143160,143162,143164,143166],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,143157,101],{"class":84},[40,143159,88],{"class":54},[40,143161,7446],{"class":91},[40,143163,289],{"class":54},[40,143165,8404],{"class":91},[40,143167,847],{"class":54},[20,143169,111],{},[31,143171,143173],{"className":33,"code":143172,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Alice\n",[15,143174,143175],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143176,143177],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143178,143172],{"class":46},[792,143180,143182],{"id":143181},"stringstripchars",[15,143183,143127],{},[20,143185,143186],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[31,143188,143190],{"className":33,"code":143189,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143191,143192,143205],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143193,143194,143196,143198,143200,143203],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143195,34450],{"class":46},[40,143197,51],{"class":50},[40,143199,224],{"class":212},[40,143201,143202],{"class":216},"!!hello??",[40,143204,3146],{"class":212},[40,143206,143207,143209,143211,143213,143215,143217,143219,143221,143224,143226],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,143208,101],{"class":84},[40,143210,88],{"class":54},[40,143212,34471],{"class":91},[40,143214,289],{"class":54},[40,143216,8404],{"class":91},[40,143218,88],{"class":54},[40,143220,213],{"class":212},[40,143222,143223],{"class":216},"!?",[40,143225,213],{"class":212},[40,143227,256],{"class":54},[20,143229,111],{},[31,143231,143232],{"className":33,"code":138269,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,143233,143234],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143235,143236],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143237,138269],{"class":46},[20,143239,83420],{},[134,143241,143242,143247],{},[137,143243,143244,143246],{},[15,143245,134213],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[137,143248,143249,143250,143252],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143251,134213],{}," does not matter",[129,143254,143256,143257],{"id":143255},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143258,41406],{},[20,143260,30645,143261,289],{},[15,143262,41406],{},[20,143264,143265],{},"It is useful for:",[134,143267,143268,143273,143276,143279],{},[137,143269,143270,143271,3671],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143272,2743],{},[137,143274,143275],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[137,143277,143278],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[137,143280,143281],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143283,48113],{},[31,143285,143287],{"className":33,"code":143286,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143288,143289,143302,143318,143322],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143290,143291,143293,143295,143297,143300],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143292,7736],{"class":46},[40,143294,51],{"class":50},[40,143296,224],{"class":212},[40,143298,143299],{"class":216},"  sam  ",[40,143301,3146],{"class":212},[40,143303,143304,143307,143309,143312,143314,143316],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,143305,143306],{"class":46},"clean_username ",[40,143308,51],{"class":50},[40,143310,143311],{"class":46}," username",[40,143313,289],{"class":54},[40,143315,8404],{"class":91},[40,143317,8413],{"class":54},[40,143319,143320],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,143321,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,143323,143324,143326,143328,143331],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,143325,101],{"class":84},[40,143327,88],{"class":54},[40,143329,143330],{"class":91},"clean_username",[40,143332,95],{"class":54},[20,143334,111],{},[31,143336,143338],{"className":33,"code":143337,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"sam\n",[15,143339,143340],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143341,143342],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143343,143337],{"class":46},[20,143345,143346],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[31,143348,143350],{"className":33,"code":143349,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143351,143352,143365,143369,143391],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143353,143354,143356,143358,143360,143363],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143355,136197],{"class":46},[40,143357,51],{"class":50},[40,143359,224],{"class":212},[40,143361,143362],{"class":216}," yes  ",[40,143364,3146],{"class":212},[40,143366,143367],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,143368,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,143370,143371,143373,143375,143377,143379,143381,143383,143385,143387,143389],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,143372,536],{"class":535},[40,143374,136217],{"class":46},[40,143376,289],{"class":54},[40,143378,8404],{"class":91},[40,143380,7143],{"class":54},[40,143382,6185],{"class":50},[40,143384,224],{"class":212},[40,143386,8428],{"class":216},[40,143388,213],{"class":212},[40,143390,553],{"class":54},[40,143392,143393,143395,143397,143399,143402,143404],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,143394,558],{"class":84},[40,143396,88],{"class":54},[40,143398,213],{"class":212},[40,143400,143401],{"class":216},"Matched",[40,143403,213],{"class":212},[40,143405,95],{"class":54},[20,143407,111],{},[31,143409,143411],{"className":33,"code":143410,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Matched\n",[15,143412,143413],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143414,143415],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143416,143410],{"class":46},[20,143418,143419,143420,289],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[282,143421,143423],{"href":143422},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143425,143426],{},"Example with file-style text:",[31,143428,143430],{"className":33,"code":143429,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143431,143432,143448,143462],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143433,143434,143437,143439,143441,143444,143446],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143435,143436],{"class":46},"line ",[40,143438,51],{"class":50},[40,143440,224],{"class":212},[40,143442,143443],{"class":216},"Python basics",[40,143445,86752],{"class":34215},[40,143447,3146],{"class":212},[40,143449,143450,143452,143454,143456,143458,143460],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,143451,101],{"class":84},[40,143453,88],{"class":54},[40,143455,41532],{"class":84},[40,143457,88],{"class":54},[40,143459,42],{"class":91},[40,143461,256],{"class":54},[40,143463,143464,143466,143468,143470,143472,143474,143476,143478],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,143465,101],{"class":84},[40,143467,88],{"class":54},[40,143469,41532],{"class":84},[40,143471,88],{"class":54},[40,143473,42],{"class":91},[40,143475,289],{"class":54},[40,143477,8404],{"class":91},[40,143479,6067],{"class":54},[20,143481,111],{},[31,143483,143485],{"className":33,"code":143484,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143486,143487,143498],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143488,143489,143491,143493,143496],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143490,3087],{"class":43080},[40,143492,143443],{"class":43084},[40,143494,86752],{"class":143495},"sfi6f",[40,143497,29460],{"class":43080},[40,143499,143500,143502,143504],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,143501,3087],{"class":43080},[40,143503,143443],{"class":43084},[40,143505,29460],{"class":43080},[20,143507,795,143508,143510,143511,289],{},[15,143509,122168],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143512,86752],{},[20,143514,143515,143516,289],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[282,143517,143518],{"href":87405},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[129,143520,143522],{"id":143521},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143524,143525,143526,289],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143527,143528],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143530,143531],{},"Python will:",[134,143533,143534,143537,143540],{},[137,143535,143536],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[137,143538,143539],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[137,143541,143542],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143544,195],{},[31,143546,143548],{"className":33,"code":143547,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143549,143550,143563],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143551,143552,143554,143556,143558,143561],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143553,34450],{"class":46},[40,143555,51],{"class":50},[40,143557,224],{"class":212},[40,143559,143560],{"class":216},"??hello!!",[40,143562,3146],{"class":212},[40,143564,143565,143567,143569,143571,143573,143575,143577,143579,143581,143583],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,143566,101],{"class":84},[40,143568,88],{"class":54},[40,143570,34471],{"class":91},[40,143572,289],{"class":54},[40,143574,8404],{"class":91},[40,143576,88],{"class":54},[40,143578,213],{"class":212},[40,143580,143223],{"class":216},[40,143582,213],{"class":212},[40,143584,256],{"class":54},[20,143586,111],{},[31,143588,143589],{"className":33,"code":138269,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,143590,143591],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143592,143593],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143594,138269],{"class":46},[20,143596,721],{},[31,143598,143600],{"className":33,"code":143599,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143601,143602,143615],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143603,143604,143606,143608,143610,143613],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143605,34450],{"class":46},[40,143607,51],{"class":50},[40,143609,224],{"class":212},[40,143611,143612],{"class":216},"abcHelloCba",[40,143614,3146],{"class":212},[40,143616,143617,143619,143621,143623,143625,143627,143629,143631,143633,143635],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,143618,101],{"class":84},[40,143620,88],{"class":54},[40,143622,34471],{"class":91},[40,143624,289],{"class":54},[40,143626,8404],{"class":91},[40,143628,88],{"class":54},[40,143630,213],{"class":212},[40,143632,41313],{"class":216},[40,143634,213],{"class":212},[40,143636,256],{"class":54},[20,143638,111],{},[31,143640,143642],{"className":33,"code":143641,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"HelloC\n",[15,143643,143644],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143645,143646],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143647,143641],{"class":46},[20,143649,6012],{},[20,143651,143652,13821,143655,143657,143658,143660,143661,1973,143663,1977,143665,143667],{},[15,143653,143654],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[183,143656,185],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143659,41313],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143662,282],{},[15,143664,1017],{},[15,143666,1026],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143669,143670],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143672,143673,143674,6409],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[282,143675,143676],{"href":129535},[15,143677,124125],{},[129,143679,143681,10355,143683,10355,143686],{"id":143680},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143682,41406],{},[15,143684,143685],{},"lstrip()",[15,143687,143688],{},"rstrip()",[20,143690,143691],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[134,143693,143694,143699,143704],{},[137,143695,143696,143698],{},[15,143697,41406],{}," removes from both ends",[137,143700,143701,143703],{},[15,143702,143685],{}," removes from the left side only",[137,143705,143706,143708],{},[15,143707,143688],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143710,195],{},[31,143712,143714],{"className":33,"code":143713,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143715,143716,143728,143732,143750,143769],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143717,143718,143720,143722,143724,143726],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143719,34450],{"class":46},[40,143721,51],{"class":50},[40,143723,224],{"class":212},[40,143725,142961],{"class":216},[40,143727,3146],{"class":212},[40,143729,143730],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,143731,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,143733,143734,143736,143738,143740,143742,143744,143746,143748],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,143735,101],{"class":84},[40,143737,88],{"class":54},[40,143739,41532],{"class":84},[40,143741,88],{"class":54},[40,143743,34471],{"class":91},[40,143745,289],{"class":54},[40,143747,8404],{"class":91},[40,143749,6067],{"class":54},[40,143751,143752,143754,143756,143758,143760,143762,143764,143767],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,143753,101],{"class":84},[40,143755,88],{"class":54},[40,143757,41532],{"class":84},[40,143759,88],{"class":54},[40,143761,34471],{"class":91},[40,143763,289],{"class":54},[40,143765,143766],{"class":91},"lstrip",[40,143768,6067],{"class":54},[40,143770,143771,143773,143775,143777,143779,143781,143783,143786],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,143772,101],{"class":84},[40,143774,88],{"class":54},[40,143776,41532],{"class":84},[40,143778,88],{"class":54},[40,143780,34471],{"class":91},[40,143782,289],{"class":54},[40,143784,143785],{"class":91},"rstrip",[40,143787,6067],{"class":54},[20,143789,111],{},[31,143791,143793],{"className":33,"code":143792,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143794,143795,143803,143812],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143796,143797,143799,143801],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143798,3087],{"class":43080},[40,143800,3632],{"class":43084},[40,143802,29460],{"class":43080},[40,143804,143805,143807,143810],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,143806,3087],{"class":43080},[40,143808,143809],{"class":43084},"hello  ",[40,143811,29460],{"class":43080},[40,143813,143814,143816,143819],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,143815,3087],{"class":43080},[40,143817,143818],{"class":43084},"  hello",[40,143820,29460],{"class":43080},[20,143822,143823],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[129,143825,107962],{"id":107961},[20,143827,143828],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[134,143830,143831,143839,143849,143852],{},[137,143832,143833,143835,143836,143838],{},[15,143834,143654],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143837,41282],{}," once",[137,143840,143841,143842,1973,143844,1977,143846,143848],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143843,282],{},[15,143845,1017],{},[15,143847,1026],{}," from both ends",[137,143850,143851],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[137,143853,143854],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143856,195],{},[31,143858,143860],{"className":33,"code":143859,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143861,143862,143875],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143863,143864,143866,143868,143870,143873],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143865,126037],{"class":46},[40,143867,51],{"class":50},[40,143869,224],{"class":212},[40,143871,143872],{"class":216},"txt_report.txt",[40,143874,3146],{"class":212},[40,143876,143877,143879,143881,143883,143885,143887,143889,143891,143893,143895],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,143878,101],{"class":84},[40,143880,88],{"class":54},[40,143882,126055],{"class":91},[40,143884,289],{"class":54},[40,143886,8404],{"class":91},[40,143888,88],{"class":54},[40,143890,213],{"class":212},[40,143892,126090],{"class":216},[40,143894,213],{"class":212},[40,143896,256],{"class":54},[20,143898,111],{},[31,143900,143902],{"className":33,"code":143901,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"_report\n",[15,143903,143904],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143905,143906],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143907,143901],{"class":46},[20,143909,143910,143911,1973,143913,1977,143915,143917],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143912,289],{},[15,143914,63026],{},[15,143916,1957],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143919,53397,143920,1156,143923,143925],{},[15,143921,143922],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[183,143924,185],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143927,143928,143929,143933],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[282,143930,143931],{"href":129535},[15,143932,124125],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[129,143935,1345,143937],{"id":143936},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143938,41406],{},[20,143940,123,143941,143943],{},[15,143942,41406],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143945,36182],{},[134,143947,143948,143952,143954,143957],{},[137,143949,143270,143950,3671],{},[15,143951,2743],{},[137,143953,143275],{},[137,143955,143956],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[137,143958,143959],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143961,195],{},[31,143963,143965],{"className":33,"code":143964,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143966,143967,143981,143985,143998],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,143968,143969,143972,143974,143976,143979],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,143970,143971],{"class":46},"email ",[40,143973,51],{"class":50},[40,143975,224],{"class":212},[40,143977,143978],{"class":216},"  user@example.com  ",[40,143980,3146],{"class":212},[40,143982,143983],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,143984,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,143986,143987,143989,143992,143994,143996],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,143988,536],{"class":535},[40,143990,143991],{"class":46}," email",[40,143993,289],{"class":54},[40,143995,8404],{"class":91},[40,143997,21356],{"class":54},[40,143999,144000,144002,144004,144006,144009,144011],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,144001,558],{"class":84},[40,144003,88],{"class":54},[40,144005,213],{"class":212},[40,144007,144008],{"class":216},"Email was entered",[40,144010,213],{"class":212},[40,144012,95],{"class":54},[20,144014,111],{},[31,144016,144018],{"className":33,"code":144017,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Email was entered\n",[15,144019,144020],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144021,144022],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144023,144017],{"class":46},[20,144025,144026,144027,144029,144030,289],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144028,41406],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[282,144031,144032],{"href":123681},[15,144033,123684],{},[129,144035,2613],{"id":2612},[20,144037,83839],{},[134,144039,144040,144044,144049,144054],{},[137,144041,8223,144042,131174],{},[15,144043,41406],{},[137,144045,8223,144046,144048],{},[15,144047,41406],{}," to remove text from the middle",[137,144050,795,144051,144053],{},[15,144052,143922],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[137,144055,4486,144056,144059],{},[15,144057,144058],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144061,144062],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[31,144064,144066],{"className":33,"code":144065,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144067,144068,144082,144086,144096,144110,144124],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144069,144070,144072,144074,144076,144078,144080],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144071,34450],{"class":46},[40,144073,51],{"class":50},[40,144075,224],{"class":212},[40,144077,143818],{"class":216},[40,144079,86752],{"class":34215},[40,144081,3146],{"class":212},[40,144083,144084],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,144085,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,144087,144088,144090,144092,144094],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,144089,101],{"class":84},[40,144091,88],{"class":54},[40,144093,34471],{"class":91},[40,144095,95],{"class":54},[40,144097,144098,144100,144102,144104,144106,144108],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,144099,101],{"class":84},[40,144101,88],{"class":54},[40,144103,41532],{"class":84},[40,144105,88],{"class":54},[40,144107,34471],{"class":91},[40,144109,256],{"class":54},[40,144111,144112,144114,144116,144118,144120,144122],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,144113,101],{"class":84},[40,144115,88],{"class":54},[40,144117,34471],{"class":91},[40,144119,289],{"class":54},[40,144121,8404],{"class":91},[40,144123,847],{"class":54},[40,144125,144126,144128,144130,144132,144134,144136,144138,144140],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,144127,101],{"class":84},[40,144129,88],{"class":54},[40,144131,41532],{"class":84},[40,144133,88],{"class":54},[40,144135,34471],{"class":91},[40,144137,289],{"class":54},[40,144139,8404],{"class":91},[40,144141,6067],{"class":54},[20,144143,111],{},[31,144145,144147],{"className":33,"code":144146,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144148,144149,144154,144158,144168,144172],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144150,144151],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144152,144153],{"class":46},"  hello\n",[40,144155,144156],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,144157,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,144159,144160,144162,144164,144166],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,144161,3087],{"class":43080},[40,144163,143818],{"class":43084},[40,144165,86752],{"class":143495},[40,144167,29460],{"class":43080},[40,144169,144170],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,144171,138269],{"class":46},[40,144173,144174,144176,144178],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,144175,3087],{"class":43080},[40,144177,3632],{"class":43084},[40,144179,29460],{"class":43080},[20,144181,144182],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[31,144184,144186],{"className":33,"code":144185,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144187,144188,144198,144212,144226,144244],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144189,144190,144192,144194,144196],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144191,101],{"class":84},[40,144193,88],{"class":54},[40,144195,34471],{"class":91},[40,144197,95],{"class":54},[40,144199,144200,144202,144204,144206,144208,144210],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,144201,101],{"class":84},[40,144203,88],{"class":54},[40,144205,41532],{"class":84},[40,144207,88],{"class":54},[40,144209,34471],{"class":91},[40,144211,256],{"class":54},[40,144213,144214,144216,144218,144220,144222,144224],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,144215,101],{"class":84},[40,144217,88],{"class":54},[40,144219,34471],{"class":91},[40,144221,289],{"class":54},[40,144223,8404],{"class":91},[40,144225,847],{"class":54},[40,144227,144228,144230,144232,144234,144236,144238,144240,144242],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,144229,101],{"class":84},[40,144231,88],{"class":54},[40,144233,41532],{"class":84},[40,144235,88],{"class":54},[40,144237,34471],{"class":91},[40,144239,289],{"class":54},[40,144241,8404],{"class":91},[40,144243,6067],{"class":54},[40,144245,144246,144248,144250,144252,144254,144256],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,144247,31913],{"class":84},[40,144249,88],{"class":54},[40,144251,3231],{"class":609},[40,144253,289],{"class":54},[40,144255,8404],{"class":24512},[40,144257,95],{"class":54},[20,144259,144260,144262],{},[15,144261,122168],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[129,144264,1636],{"id":1635},[792,144266,12474,144268,144270],{"id":144267},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144269,41406],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144272,46118,144273,144275],{},[15,144274,41406],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[792,144277,12474,144279,124281],{"id":144278},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144280,41406],{},[20,144282,144283],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[792,144285,1650,144287,144289],{"id":144286},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144288,41406],{}," remove by default?",[20,144291,144292],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[792,144294,33967,144296,33970,144298,2275],{"id":144295},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144297,41406],{},[15,144299,124125],{},[20,144301,144302,144304,144305,144307],{},[15,144303,41406],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144306,124125],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[792,144309,144311],{"id":144310},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144313,127827,144314,144316,144317,144319],{},[15,144315,143685],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144318,143688],{}," for the right side.",[129,144321,1687],{"id":1686},[134,144323,144324,144330,144336,144341,144346],{},[137,144325,144326],{},[282,144327,125954,144328,10510],{"href":123681},[15,144329,123684],{},[137,144331,144332],{},[282,144333,125954,144334,10510],{"href":129535},[15,144335,124125],{},[137,144337,144338],{},[282,144339,144340],{"href":143422},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[137,144342,144343],{},[282,144344,144345],{"href":87405},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[137,144347,144348],{},[282,144349,124709],{"href":50728},[1715,144351,144352],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":144354},[144355,144356,144358,144362,144364,144365,144367,144368,144370,144371,144382],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":143007,"depth":76,"text":144357},"What strip() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940,"children":144359},[144360,144361],{"id":143130,"depth":98,"text":143122},{"id":143181,"depth":98,"text":143127},{"id":143255,"depth":76,"text":144363},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143521,"depth":76,"text":143522},{"id":143680,"depth":76,"text":144366},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107961,"depth":76,"text":107962},{"id":143936,"depth":76,"text":144369},"When to use strip()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":144372},[144373,144375,144377,144379,144381],{"id":144267,"depth":98,"text":144374},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144278,"depth":98,"text":144376},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144286,"depth":98,"text":144378},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144295,"depth":98,"text":144380},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144310,"depth":98,"text":144311},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142928,"description":144383},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144390,"title":144391,"body":144392,"description":145572,"extension":1746,"meta":145573,"navigation":360,"path":145574,"seo":145575,"stem":145576,"__hash__":145577},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144393,"toc":145542},[144394,144399,144404,144409,144411,144457,144465,144470,144484,144490,144492,144494,144509,144511,144521,144524,144555,144558,144581,144583,144586,144643,144645,144659,144661,144675,144681,144686,144689,144730,144732,144741,144749,144752,144797,144799,144808,144811,144815,144820,144834,144836,144868,144870,144890,144893,144898,144903,144905,144916,144919,144976,144978,144986,144995,144997,144999,145005,145007,145044,145046,145054,145056,145097,145099,145108,145113,145118,145120,145147,145154,145157,145188,145190,145199,145205,145214,145245,145247,145259,145272,145276,145281,145311,145313,145380,145382,145392,145394,145399,145402,145407,145412,145416,145422,145428,145431,145433,145491,145493,145501,145503,145539],[10,144395,122954,144397,11091],{"id":144396},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144398,127832],{},[20,144400,122959,144401,144403],{},[15,144402,127832],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144405,84216,144406,144408],{},[15,144407,127832],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[129,144410,1787],{"id":1786},[31,144412,144414],{"className":33,"code":144413,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144415,144416,144428,144442,144452],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144417,144418,144420,144422,144424,144426],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144419,34450],{"class":46},[40,144421,51],{"class":50},[40,144423,224],{"class":212},[40,144425,128673],{"class":216},[40,144427,3146],{"class":212},[40,144429,144430,144432,144434,144436,144438,144440],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,144431,2013],{"class":46},[40,144433,51],{"class":50},[40,144435,42593],{"class":46},[40,144437,289],{"class":54},[40,144439,34240],{"class":91},[40,144441,8413],{"class":54},[40,144443,144444,144446,144448,144450],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,144445,101],{"class":84},[40,144447,88],{"class":54},[40,144449,2048],{"class":91},[40,144451,95],{"class":54},[40,144453,144454],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,144455,144456],{"class":3449},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144458,144459,144461,144462,144464],{},[15,144460,127832],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[183,144463,185],{}," change the original string in place.",[129,144466,158,144468,3466],{"id":144467},"what-upper-does",[15,144469,127832],{},[134,144471,144472,144477,144480,144482],{},[137,144473,144474,144476],{},[15,144475,127832],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[137,144478,144479],{},"It works on string values only",[137,144481,133202],{},[137,144483,135920],{},[20,144485,124706,144486,2662,144488,289],{},[282,144487,135926],{"href":135925},[282,144489,124709],{"href":50728},[129,144491,1940],{"id":1939},[20,144493,1943],{},[31,144495,144497],{"className":33,"code":144496,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"string.upper()\n",[15,144498,144499],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144500,144501,144503,144505,144507],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144502,60913],{"class":46},[40,144504,289],{"class":54},[40,144506,34240],{"class":91},[40,144508,8413],{"class":54},[20,144510,11228],{},[134,144512,144513,144515,144518],{},[137,144514,97127],{},[137,144516,144517],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[137,144519,144520],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144522,144523],{},"Example with a variable:",[31,144525,144527],{"className":33,"code":144526,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144528,144529,144541],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144530,144531,144533,144535,144537,144539],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144532,7651],{"class":46},[40,144534,51],{"class":50},[40,144536,224],{"class":212},[40,144538,35],{"class":216},[40,144540,3146],{"class":212},[40,144542,144543,144545,144547,144549,144551,144553],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,144544,101],{"class":84},[40,144546,88],{"class":54},[40,144548,7446],{"class":91},[40,144550,289],{"class":54},[40,144552,34240],{"class":91},[40,144554,847],{"class":54},[20,144556,144557],{},"Example with a string literal:",[31,144559,144561],{"className":33,"code":144560,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144562,144563],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144564,144565,144567,144569,144571,144573,144575,144577,144579],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144566,101],{"class":84},[40,144568,88],{"class":54},[40,144570,213],{"class":212},[40,144572,3632],{"class":216},[40,144574,213],{"class":212},[40,144576,289],{"class":54},[40,144578,34240],{"class":91},[40,144580,847],{"class":54},[129,144582,11245],{"id":11244},[20,144584,144585],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[31,144587,144589],{"className":33,"code":144588,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144590,144591,144603,144618,144622,144632],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144592,144593,144595,144597,144599,144601],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144594,5931],{"class":46},[40,144596,51],{"class":50},[40,144598,224],{"class":212},[40,144600,3871],{"class":216},[40,144602,3146],{"class":212},[40,144604,144605,144608,144610,144612,144614,144616],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,144606,144607],{"class":46},"uppercase_word ",[40,144609,51],{"class":50},[40,144611,38137],{"class":46},[40,144613,289],{"class":54},[40,144615,34240],{"class":91},[40,144617,8413],{"class":54},[40,144619,144620],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,144621,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,144623,144624,144626,144628,144630],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,144625,101],{"class":84},[40,144627,88],{"class":54},[40,144629,38146],{"class":91},[40,144631,95],{"class":54},[40,144633,144634,144636,144638,144641],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,144635,101],{"class":84},[40,144637,88],{"class":54},[40,144639,144640],{"class":91},"uppercase_word",[40,144642,95],{"class":54},[20,144644,111],{},[31,144646,144648],{"className":33,"code":144647,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144649,144650,144654],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144651,144652],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144653,70005],{"class":46},[40,144655,144656],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,144657,144658],{"class":34215},"BANANA\n",[20,144660,112068],{},[134,144662,144663,144668],{},[137,144664,144665,144667],{},[15,144666,38146],{}," keeps its original value",[137,144669,144670,144672,144673],{},[15,144671,144640],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144674,127832],{},[129,144676,144678,144680],{"id":144677},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144679,127832],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144682,136586,144683,144685],{},[183,144684,136589],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144687,144688],{},"So this method:",[31,144690,144692],{"className":33,"code":144691,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144693,144694,144706,144716,144720],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144695,144696,144698,144700,144702,144704],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144697,7651],{"class":46},[40,144699,51],{"class":50},[40,144701,224],{"class":212},[40,144703,17567],{"class":216},[40,144705,3146],{"class":212},[40,144707,144708,144710,144712,144714],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,144709,7446],{"class":46},[40,144711,289],{"class":54},[40,144713,34240],{"class":91},[40,144715,8413],{"class":54},[40,144717,144718],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,144719,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,144721,144722,144724,144726,144728],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,144723,101],{"class":84},[40,144725,88],{"class":54},[40,144727,7446],{"class":91},[40,144729,95],{"class":54},[20,144731,111],{},[31,144733,144735],{"className":33,"code":144734,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"alice\n",[15,144736,144737],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144738,144739],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144740,144734],{"class":46},[20,144742,269,144743,144745,144746,144748],{},[15,144744,127832],{}," was called, ",[15,144747,7446],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144750,144751],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[31,144753,144755],{"className":33,"code":144754,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144756,144757,144769,144783,144787],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144758,144759,144761,144763,144765,144767],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144760,7651],{"class":46},[40,144762,51],{"class":50},[40,144764,224],{"class":212},[40,144766,17567],{"class":216},[40,144768,3146],{"class":212},[40,144770,144771,144773,144775,144777,144779,144781],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,144772,7651],{"class":46},[40,144774,51],{"class":50},[40,144776,35754],{"class":46},[40,144778,289],{"class":54},[40,144780,34240],{"class":91},[40,144782,8413],{"class":54},[40,144784,144785],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,144786,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,144788,144789,144791,144793,144795],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,144790,101],{"class":84},[40,144792,88],{"class":54},[40,144794,7446],{"class":91},[40,144796,95],{"class":54},[20,144798,111],{},[31,144800,144802],{"className":33,"code":144801,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"ALICE\n",[15,144803,144804],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144805,144806],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144807,144801],{"class":34215},[20,144809,144810],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[129,144812,144814],{"id":144813},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144816,144817,144819],{},[15,144818,127832],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[134,144821,144822,144825,144828,144831],{},[137,144823,144824],{},"Numbers stay the same",[137,144826,144827],{},"Spaces stay the same",[137,144829,144830],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[137,144832,144833],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144835,195],{},[31,144837,144839],{"className":33,"code":144838,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144840,144841,144854],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144842,144843,144845,144847,144849,144852],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144844,34450],{"class":46},[40,144846,51],{"class":50},[40,144848,224],{"class":212},[40,144850,144851],{"class":216},"Room 7, table #3!",[40,144853,3146],{"class":212},[40,144855,144856,144858,144860,144862,144864,144866],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,144857,101],{"class":84},[40,144859,88],{"class":54},[40,144861,34471],{"class":91},[40,144863,289],{"class":54},[40,144865,34240],{"class":91},[40,144867,847],{"class":54},[20,144869,111],{},[31,144871,144873],{"className":33,"code":144872,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144874,144875],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144876,144877,144880,144882,144884,144887],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144878,144879],{"class":34215},"ROOM",[40,144881,5770],{"class":58},[40,144883,62],{"class":54},[40,144885,144886],{"class":34215}," TABLE",[40,144888,144889],{"class":3449}," #3!\n",[20,144891,144892],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[129,144894,1345,144896],{"id":144895},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144897,127832],{},[20,144899,144900,144902],{},[15,144901,127832],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144904,48091],{},[134,144906,144907,144910,144913],{},[137,144908,144909],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[137,144911,144912],{},"Format labels or headings",[137,144914,144915],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144917,144918],{},"Example: simple comparison",[31,144920,144922],{"className":33,"code":144921,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144923,144924,144936,144940,144962],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144925,144926,144928,144930,144932,144934],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144927,136197],{"class":46},[40,144929,51],{"class":50},[40,144931,224],{"class":212},[40,144933,8428],{"class":216},[40,144935,3146],{"class":212},[40,144937,144938],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,144939,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,144941,144942,144944,144946,144948,144950,144952,144954,144956,144958,144960],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,144943,536],{"class":535},[40,144945,136217],{"class":46},[40,144947,289],{"class":54},[40,144949,34240],{"class":91},[40,144951,7143],{"class":54},[40,144953,6185],{"class":50},[40,144955,224],{"class":212},[40,144957,136204],{"class":216},[40,144959,213],{"class":212},[40,144961,553],{"class":54},[40,144963,144964,144966,144968,144970,144972,144974],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,144965,558],{"class":84},[40,144967,88],{"class":54},[40,144969,213],{"class":212},[40,144971,143401],{"class":216},[40,144973,213],{"class":212},[40,144975,95],{"class":54},[20,144977,111],{},[31,144979,144980],{"className":33,"code":143410,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,144981,144982],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,144983,144984],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,144985,143410],{"class":46},[20,144987,144988,144989,1973,144991,1977,144993,289],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144990,8428],{},[15,144992,136990],{},[15,144994,136204],{},[129,144996,2613],{"id":2612},[792,144998,95488],{"id":95487},[20,145000,7888,145001,145004],{},[15,145002,145003],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145006,807],{},[31,145008,145010],{"className":33,"code":145009,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145011,145012,145024,145034],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145013,145014,145016,145018,145020,145022],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145015,34450],{"class":46},[40,145017,51],{"class":50},[40,145019,224],{"class":212},[40,145021,3632],{"class":216},[40,145023,3146],{"class":212},[40,145025,145026,145028,145030,145032],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,145027,34471],{"class":46},[40,145029,289],{"class":54},[40,145031,34240],{"class":91},[40,145033,8413],{"class":54},[40,145035,145036,145038,145040,145042],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,145037,101],{"class":84},[40,145039,88],{"class":54},[40,145041,34471],{"class":91},[40,145043,95],{"class":54},[20,145045,111],{},[31,145047,145048],{"className":33,"code":138269,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,145049,145050],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145051,145052],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145053,138269],{"class":46},[20,145055,850],{},[31,145057,145059],{"className":33,"code":145058,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145060,145061,145073,145087],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145062,145063,145065,145067,145069,145071],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145064,34450],{"class":46},[40,145066,51],{"class":50},[40,145068,224],{"class":212},[40,145070,3632],{"class":216},[40,145072,3146],{"class":212},[40,145074,145075,145077,145079,145081,145083,145085],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,145076,34450],{"class":46},[40,145078,51],{"class":50},[40,145080,42593],{"class":46},[40,145082,289],{"class":54},[40,145084,34240],{"class":91},[40,145086,8413],{"class":54},[40,145088,145089,145091,145093,145095],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,145090,101],{"class":84},[40,145092,88],{"class":54},[40,145094,34471],{"class":91},[40,145096,95],{"class":54},[20,145098,111],{},[31,145100,145102],{"className":33,"code":145101,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"HELLO\n",[15,145103,145104],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145105,145106],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145107,145101],{"class":34215},[792,145109,18669,145111,136876],{"id":145110},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145112,127832],{},[20,145114,145115,145117],{},[15,145116,127832],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145119,195],{},[31,145121,145123],{"className":33,"code":145122,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145124,145125,145133],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145126,145127,145129,145131],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145128,2001],{"class":46},[40,145130,51],{"class":50},[40,145132,124636],{"class":58},[40,145134,145135,145137,145139,145141,145143,145145],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,145136,101],{"class":84},[40,145138,88],{"class":54},[40,145140,2023],{"class":91},[40,145142,289],{"class":54},[40,145144,34240],{"class":91},[40,145146,847],{"class":54},[20,145148,39408,145149,145151,145152,33362],{},[15,145150,1972],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145153,127832],{},[20,145155,145156],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[31,145158,145160],{"className":33,"code":145159,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145161,145162,145170],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145163,145164,145166,145168],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145165,2001],{"class":46},[40,145167,51],{"class":50},[40,145169,124636],{"class":58},[40,145171,145172,145174,145176,145178,145180,145182,145184,145186],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,145173,101],{"class":84},[40,145175,88],{"class":54},[40,145177,3231],{"class":609},[40,145179,88],{"class":54},[40,145181,2023],{"class":91},[40,145183,8401],{"class":54},[40,145185,34240],{"class":91},[40,145187,847],{"class":54},[20,145189,111],{},[31,145191,145193],{"className":33,"code":145192,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"123\n",[15,145194,145195],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145196,145197],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145198,145192],{"class":58},[792,145200,36960,145202,145204],{"id":145201},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145203,127832],{}," with title case",[20,145206,145207,145209,145210,145213],{},[15,145208,127832],{}," makes ",[183,145211,145212],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[31,145215,145217],{"className":33,"code":145216,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145218,145219,145231],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145220,145221,145223,145225,145227,145229],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145222,34450],{"class":46},[40,145224,51],{"class":50},[40,145226,224],{"class":212},[40,145228,60146],{"class":216},[40,145230,3146],{"class":212},[40,145232,145233,145235,145237,145239,145241,145243],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,145234,101],{"class":84},[40,145236,88],{"class":54},[40,145238,34471],{"class":91},[40,145240,289],{"class":54},[40,145242,34240],{"class":91},[40,145244,847],{"class":54},[20,145246,111],{},[31,145248,145250],{"className":33,"code":145249,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145251,145252],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145253,145254,145256],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145255,135978],{"class":34215},[40,145257,145258],{"class":34215}," WORLD\n",[20,145260,145261,145262,145266,145267,145271],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[282,145263,145264],{"href":123681},[15,145265,123684],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[282,145268,145269],{"href":129535},[15,145270,124125],{}," changes parts of a string.",[129,145273,145275],{"id":145274},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145277,145278,145279,2669],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145280,127832],{},[134,145282,145283,145290,145297,145304],{},[137,145284,145285,145289],{},[282,145286,145287],{"href":123681},[15,145288,123684],{}," for lowercase text",[137,145291,145292,145296],{},[282,145293,145294],{"href":136524},[15,145295,41406],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[137,145298,145299,145303],{},[282,145300,145301],{"href":129535},[15,145302,124125],{}," for changing parts of a string",[137,145305,145306,4176,145308,145310],{},[15,145307,127322],{},[15,145309,126012],{}," for checks",[20,145312,195],{},[31,145314,145316],{"className":33,"code":145315,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145317,145318,145330,145334,145349,145365,145369],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145319,145320,145322,145324,145326,145328],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145321,34450],{"class":46},[40,145323,51],{"class":50},[40,145325,224],{"class":212},[40,145327,143052],{"class":216},[40,145329,3146],{"class":212},[40,145331,145332],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,145333,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,145335,145336,145339,145341,145343,145345,145347],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,145337,145338],{"class":46},"cleaned ",[40,145340,51],{"class":50},[40,145342,42593],{"class":46},[40,145344,289],{"class":54},[40,145346,8404],{"class":91},[40,145348,8413],{"class":54},[40,145350,145351,145354,145356,145359,145361,145363],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,145352,145353],{"class":46},"loud ",[40,145355,51],{"class":50},[40,145357,145358],{"class":46}," cleaned",[40,145360,289],{"class":54},[40,145362,34240],{"class":91},[40,145364,8413],{"class":54},[40,145366,145367],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,145368,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,145370,145371,145373,145375,145378],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,145372,101],{"class":84},[40,145374,88],{"class":54},[40,145376,145377],{"class":91},"loud",[40,145379,95],{"class":54},[20,145381,111],{},[31,145383,145384],{"className":33,"code":145249,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,145385,145386],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145387,145388,145390],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145389,135978],{"class":34215},[40,145391,145258],{"class":34215},[129,145393,1636],{"id":1635},[792,145395,12474,145397,124281],{"id":145396},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145398,127832],{},[20,145400,145401],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[792,145403,12474,145405,137258],{"id":145404},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145406,127832],{},[20,145408,145409,145410,289],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145411,145003],{},[792,145413,145415],{"id":145414},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145417,145418,145419,145421],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145420,127832],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[792,145423,1671,145425,145427],{"id":145424},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145426,127832],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145429,145430],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145432,195],{},[31,145434,145436],{"className":33,"code":145435,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145437,145438,145450,145463,145467],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145439,145440,145442,145444,145446,145448],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145441,1384],{"class":46},[40,145443,51],{"class":50},[40,145445,224],{"class":212},[40,145447,35],{"class":216},[40,145449,3146],{"class":212},[40,145451,145452,145454,145456,145458,145461],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,145453,1405],{"class":46},[40,145455,51],{"class":50},[40,145457,224],{"class":212},[40,145459,145460],{"class":216},"PYTHON",[40,145462,3146],{"class":212},[40,145464,145465],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,145466,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,145468,145469,145471,145473,145475,145477,145479,145481,145483,145485,145487,145489],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,145470,101],{"class":84},[40,145472,88],{"class":54},[40,145474,282],{"class":91},[40,145476,289],{"class":54},[40,145478,34240],{"class":91},[40,145480,7143],{"class":54},[40,145482,6185],{"class":50},[40,145484,2342],{"class":91},[40,145486,289],{"class":54},[40,145488,34240],{"class":91},[40,145490,847],{"class":54},[20,145492,111],{},[31,145494,145495],{"className":33,"code":1495,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,145496,145497],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145498,145499],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145500,1495],{"class":1494},[129,145502,1687],{"id":1686},[134,145504,145505,145509,145515,145521,145527,145531,145535],{},[137,145506,145507],{},[282,145508,124709],{"href":50728},[137,145510,145511],{},[282,145512,125954,145513,10510],{"href":123681},[15,145514,123684],{},[137,145516,145517],{},[282,145518,125954,145519,10510],{"href":136524},[15,145520,41406],{},[137,145522,145523],{},[282,145524,125954,145525,10510],{"href":129535},[15,145526,124125],{},[137,145528,145529],{},[282,145530,90282],{"href":89291},[137,145532,145533],{},[282,145534,124353],{"href":123209},[137,145536,145537],{},[282,145538,137344],{"href":135925},[1715,145540,145541],{},"html 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":145543},[145544,145545,145547,145548,145549,145551,145552,145554,145561,145562,145571],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":144467,"depth":76,"text":145546},"What upper() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":144677,"depth":76,"text":145550},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144813,"depth":76,"text":144814},{"id":144895,"depth":76,"text":145553},"When to use upper()",{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":145555},[145556,145557,145559],{"id":95487,"depth":98,"text":95488},{"id":145110,"depth":98,"text":145558},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145201,"depth":98,"text":145560},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145274,"depth":76,"text":145275},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":145563},[145564,145566,145568,145569],{"id":145396,"depth":98,"text":145565},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145404,"depth":98,"text":145567},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145414,"depth":98,"text":145415},{"id":145424,"depth":98,"text":145570},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144391,"description":145572},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145579,"title":145580,"body":145581,"description":147458,"extension":1746,"meta":147459,"navigation":360,"path":147460,"seo":147461,"stem":147462,"__hash__":147463},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145582,"toc":147408},[145583,145589,145596,145602,145604,145660,145665,145670,145675,145678,145697,145700,145702,145726,145744,145755,145757,145760,145813,145815,145823,145825,145843,145848,145851,145908,145910,145919,145922,145942,145945,145951,145956,145958,146001,146003,146011,146014,146055,146057,146066,146072,146078,146105,146107,146115,146120,146124,146136,146179,146181,146189,146194,146200,146205,146209,146211,146254,146257,146304,146306,146315,146322,146326,146329,146375,146380,146384,146386,146429,146432,146440,146442,146447,146449,146451,146470,146473,146485,146487,146506,146508,146516,146520,146522,146573,146576,146651,146653,146661,146664,146668,146670,146717,146720,146791,146793,146801,146807,146809,146884,146888,146967,146969,146977,146983,146989,146994,146999,147048,147052,147123,147126,147131,147142,147145,147156,147166,147168,147173,147198,147203,147284,147286,147311,147313,147318,147321,147327,147336,147342,147345,147351,147357,147364,147367,147369,147405],[10,145584,285,145586,3366],{"id":145585},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145587,145588],{},"sum()",[20,145590,8894,145591,145593,145594,24526],{},[15,145592,145588],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145595,59738],{},[20,145597,145598,145599,145601],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145600,35831],{}," value and a few important limits.",[129,145603,1787],{"id":1786},[31,145605,145607],{"className":33,"code":145606,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145608,145609,145633,145648],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145610,145611,145613,145615,145617,145619,145621,145623,145625,145627,145629,145631],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145612,47],{"class":46},[40,145614,51],{"class":50},[40,145616,55],{"class":54},[40,145618,658],{"class":58},[40,145620,62],{"class":54},[40,145622,663],{"class":58},[40,145624,62],{"class":54},[40,145626,749],{"class":58},[40,145628,62],{"class":54},[40,145630,675],{"class":58},[40,145632,73],{"class":54},[40,145634,145635,145637,145639,145642,145644,145646],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,145636,40937],{"class":46},[40,145638,51],{"class":50},[40,145640,145641],{"class":84}," sum",[40,145643,88],{"class":54},[40,145645,92],{"class":91},[40,145647,95],{"class":54},[40,145649,145650,145652,145654,145656,145658],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,145651,101],{"class":84},[40,145653,88],{"class":54},[40,145655,40966],{"class":91},[40,145657,18],{"class":54},[40,145659,26556],{"class":3449},[20,145661,123,145662,145664],{},[15,145663,145588],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[129,145666,158,145668,3466],{"id":145667},"what-sum-does",[15,145669,145588],{},[20,145671,145672,145674],{},[15,145673,145588],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145676,145677],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[134,145679,145680,145683,145686,145691],{},[137,145681,145682],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[137,145684,145685],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[137,145687,145688,145689],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145690,35954],{},[137,145692,145693,145694,145696],{},"Counting ",[15,145695,3391],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145698,145699],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[129,145701,1940],{"id":1939},[31,145703,145705],{"className":33,"code":145704,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145706,145707],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145708,145709,145712,145714,145716,145718,145720,145722,145724],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145710,145711],{"class":84},"sum",[40,145713,88],{"class":54},[40,145715,3507],{"class":91},[40,145717,62],{"class":54},[40,145719,35810],{"class":8946},[40,145721,51],{"class":50},[40,145723,192],{"class":58},[40,145725,95],{"class":54},[134,145727,145728,145733,145738],{},[137,145729,145730,145732],{},[15,145731,3507],{}," is the group of values to add",[137,145734,145735,145737],{},[15,145736,35831],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[137,145739,145740,145741],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145742,145743],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145745,145746,145747,145750,145751,289],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145748,145749,3507],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[282,145752,145753,24379],{"href":35951},[15,145754,35954],{},[129,145756,11245],{"id":11244},[20,145758,145759],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[31,145761,145763],{"className":33,"code":145762,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145764,145765,145785,145799,145803],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145766,145767,145769,145771,145773,145775,145777,145779,145781,145783],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145768,47],{"class":46},[40,145770,51],{"class":50},[40,145772,55],{"class":54},[40,145774,682],{"class":58},[40,145776,62],{"class":54},[40,145778,5781],{"class":58},[40,145780,62],{"class":54},[40,145782,37692],{"class":58},[40,145784,73],{"class":54},[40,145786,145787,145789,145791,145793,145795,145797],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,145788,40937],{"class":46},[40,145790,51],{"class":50},[40,145792,145641],{"class":84},[40,145794,88],{"class":54},[40,145796,92],{"class":91},[40,145798,95],{"class":54},[40,145800,145801],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,145802,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,145804,145805,145807,145809,145811],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,145806,101],{"class":84},[40,145808,88],{"class":54},[40,145810,40966],{"class":91},[40,145812,95],{"class":54},[20,145814,111],{},[31,145816,145817],{"className":33,"code":69439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,145818,145819],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145820,145821],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145822,69439],{"class":58},[20,145824,385],{},[134,145826,145827,145832,145838],{},[137,145828,145829,145831],{},[15,145830,92],{}," contains three integers",[137,145833,145834,145837],{},[15,145835,145836],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[137,145839,145840,145841],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145842,40966],{},[129,145844,36369,145846,8203],{"id":145845},"using-the-start-value",[15,145847,35831],{},[20,145849,145850],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[31,145852,145854],{"className":33,"code":145853,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145855,145856,145876,145894,145898],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145857,145858,145860,145862,145864,145866,145868,145870,145872,145874],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145859,47],{"class":46},[40,145861,51],{"class":50},[40,145863,55],{"class":54},[40,145865,658],{"class":58},[40,145867,62],{"class":54},[40,145869,663],{"class":58},[40,145871,62],{"class":54},[40,145873,749],{"class":58},[40,145875,73],{"class":54},[40,145877,145878,145880,145882,145884,145886,145888,145890,145892],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,145879,40937],{"class":46},[40,145881,51],{"class":50},[40,145883,145641],{"class":84},[40,145885,88],{"class":54},[40,145887,92],{"class":91},[40,145889,62],{"class":54},[40,145891,5781],{"class":58},[40,145893,95],{"class":54},[40,145895,145896],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,145897,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,145899,145900,145902,145904,145906],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,145901,101],{"class":84},[40,145903,88],{"class":54},[40,145905,40966],{"class":91},[40,145907,95],{"class":54},[20,145909,111],{},[31,145911,145913],{"className":33,"code":145912,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"16\n",[15,145914,145915],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145916,145917],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145918,145912],{"class":58},[20,145920,145921],{},"This works like:",[134,145923,145924,145929,145934,145938],{},[137,145925,145926,145927],{},"Start at ",[15,145928,59],{},[137,145930,145931,145932],{},"Add ",[15,145933,658],{},[137,145935,145931,145936],{},[15,145937,744],{},[137,145939,145931,145940],{},[15,145941,401],{},[20,145943,145944],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[129,145946,158,145948,145950],{"id":145947},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145949,145588],{}," can work with",[20,145952,145953,145955],{},[15,145954,145588],{}," works with numeric values.",[792,145957,40180],{"id":40179},[31,145959,145961],{"className":33,"code":145960,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145962,145963,145987],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,145964,145965,145967,145969,145971,145973,145975,145977,145979,145981,145983,145985],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,145966,3610],{"class":46},[40,145968,51],{"class":50},[40,145970,55],{"class":54},[40,145972,658],{"class":58},[40,145974,62],{"class":54},[40,145976,663],{"class":58},[40,145978,62],{"class":54},[40,145980,749],{"class":58},[40,145982,62],{"class":54},[40,145984,675],{"class":58},[40,145986,73],{"class":54},[40,145988,145989,145991,145993,145995,145997,145999],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,145990,101],{"class":84},[40,145992,88],{"class":54},[40,145994,145711],{"class":84},[40,145996,88],{"class":54},[40,145998,5137],{"class":91},[40,146000,256],{"class":54},[20,146002,111],{},[31,146004,146005],{"className":33,"code":2160,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,146006,146007],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146008,146009],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146010,2160],{"class":58},[792,146012,146013],{"id":51794},"Floats",[31,146015,146017],{"className":33,"code":146016,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146018,146019,146041],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146020,146021,146023,146025,146027,146029,146031,146034,146036,146039],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146022,82647],{"class":46},[40,146024,51],{"class":50},[40,146026,55],{"class":54},[40,146028,40913],{"class":58},[40,146030,62],{"class":54},[40,146032,146033],{"class":58}," 3.75",[40,146035,62],{"class":54},[40,146037,146038],{"class":58}," 1.25",[40,146040,73],{"class":54},[40,146042,146043,146045,146047,146049,146051,146053],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,146044,101],{"class":84},[40,146046,88],{"class":54},[40,146048,145711],{"class":84},[40,146050,88],{"class":54},[40,146052,82683],{"class":91},[40,146054,256],{"class":54},[20,146056,111],{},[31,146058,146060],{"className":33,"code":146059,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"7.5\n",[15,146061,146062],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146063,146064],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146065,146059],{"class":58},[20,146067,146068,146069,289],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[282,146070,146071],{"href":2202},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[792,146073,146075,146076],{"id":146074},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146077,35954],{},[31,146079,146081],{"className":33,"code":146080,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146082,146083],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146084,146085,146087,146089,146091,146093,146095,146097,146099,146101,146103],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146086,101],{"class":84},[40,146088,88],{"class":54},[40,146090,145711],{"class":84},[40,146092,88],{"class":54},[40,146094,59738],{"class":84},[40,146096,88],{"class":54},[40,146098,658],{"class":58},[40,146100,62],{"class":54},[40,146102,687],{"class":58},[40,146104,2697],{"class":54},[20,146106,111],{},[31,146108,146109],{"className":33,"code":46793,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,146110,146111],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146112,146113],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146114,46793],{"class":58},[20,146116,113158,146117,289],{},[15,146118,146119],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[792,146121,146123],{"id":146122},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146125,146126,146127,146129,146130,4176,146132,146129,146134,289],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146128,3391],{}," acts like ",[15,146131,658],{},[15,146133,3460],{},[15,146135,192],{},[31,146137,146139],{"className":33,"code":146138,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146140,146141,146165],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146142,146143,146145,146147,146149,146151,146153,146155,146157,146159,146161,146163],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146144,51714],{"class":46},[40,146146,51],{"class":50},[40,146148,55],{"class":54},[40,146150,3391],{"class":1494},[40,146152,62],{"class":54},[40,146154,3691],{"class":1494},[40,146156,62],{"class":54},[40,146158,3700],{"class":1494},[40,146160,62],{"class":54},[40,146162,3700],{"class":1494},[40,146164,73],{"class":54},[40,146166,146167,146169,146171,146173,146175,146177],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,146168,101],{"class":84},[40,146170,88],{"class":54},[40,146172,145711],{"class":84},[40,146174,88],{"class":54},[40,146176,51767],{"class":91},[40,146178,256],{"class":54},[20,146180,111],{},[31,146182,146183],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,146184,146185],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146186,146187],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146188,114],{"class":58},[20,146190,146191,146192,289],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146193,3391],{},[129,146195,158,146197,146199],{"id":146196},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146198,145588],{}," does not work with",[20,146201,146202,146204],{},[15,146203,145588],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[792,146206,146208],{"id":146207},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146210,2620],{},[31,146212,146214],{"className":33,"code":146213,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146215,146216,146240],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146217,146218,146220,146222,146224,146226,146228,146230,146232,146234,146236,146238],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146219,205],{"class":46},[40,146221,51],{"class":50},[40,146223,55],{"class":54},[40,146225,213],{"class":212},[40,146227,3632],{"class":216},[40,146229,213],{"class":212},[40,146231,62],{"class":54},[40,146233,224],{"class":212},[40,146235,60331],{"class":216},[40,146237,213],{"class":212},[40,146239,73],{"class":54},[40,146241,146242,146244,146246,146248,146250,146252],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,146243,101],{"class":84},[40,146245,88],{"class":54},[40,146247,145711],{"class":84},[40,146249,88],{"class":54},[40,146251,253],{"class":91},[40,146253,256],{"class":54},[20,146255,146256],{},"Use string joining instead:",[31,146258,146260],{"className":33,"code":146259,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146261,146262,146286],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146263,146264,146266,146268,146270,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280,146282,146284],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146265,205],{"class":46},[40,146267,51],{"class":50},[40,146269,55],{"class":54},[40,146271,213],{"class":212},[40,146273,3632],{"class":216},[40,146275,213],{"class":212},[40,146277,62],{"class":54},[40,146279,224],{"class":212},[40,146281,60331],{"class":216},[40,146283,213],{"class":212},[40,146285,73],{"class":54},[40,146287,146288,146290,146292,146294,146296,146298,146300,146302],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,146289,101],{"class":84},[40,146291,88],{"class":54},[40,146293,6049],{"class":212},[40,146295,289],{"class":54},[40,146297,133113],{"class":91},[40,146299,88],{"class":54},[40,146301,253],{"class":91},[40,146303,256],{"class":54},[20,146305,111],{},[31,146307,146309],{"className":33,"code":146308,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"helloworld\n",[15,146310,146311],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146312,146313],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146314,146308],{"class":46},[20,146316,146317,146318,289],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[282,146319,146320,5562],{"href":41928},[15,146321,47435],{},[792,146323,146325],{"id":146324},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146327,146328],{},"This also causes an error:",[31,146330,146332],{"className":33,"code":146331,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146333,146334,146361],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146335,146336,146339,146341,146343,146345,146347,146349,146351,146353,146355,146357,146359],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146337,146338],{"class":46},"lists ",[40,146340,51],{"class":50},[40,146342,655],{"class":54},[40,146344,658],{"class":58},[40,146346,62],{"class":54},[40,146348,663],{"class":58},[40,146350,666],{"class":54},[40,146352,55],{"class":54},[40,146354,401],{"class":58},[40,146356,62],{"class":54},[40,146358,675],{"class":58},[40,146360,690],{"class":54},[40,146362,146363,146365,146367,146369,146371,146373],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,146364,101],{"class":84},[40,146366,88],{"class":54},[40,146368,145711],{"class":84},[40,146370,88],{"class":54},[40,146372,5078],{"class":91},[40,146374,256],{"class":54},[20,146376,146377,146379],{},[15,146378,145588],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[792,146381,146383],{"id":146382},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146385,5251],{},[31,146387,146389],{"className":33,"code":146388,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146390,146391,146415],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146392,146393,146395,146397,146399,146401,146403,146405,146407,146409,146411,146413],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146394,3610],{"class":46},[40,146396,51],{"class":50},[40,146398,55],{"class":54},[40,146400,658],{"class":58},[40,146402,62],{"class":54},[40,146404,663],{"class":58},[40,146406,62],{"class":54},[40,146408,224],{"class":212},[40,146410,401],{"class":216},[40,146412,213],{"class":212},[40,146414,73],{"class":54},[40,146416,146417,146419,146421,146423,146425,146427],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,146418,101],{"class":84},[40,146420,88],{"class":54},[40,146422,145711],{"class":84},[40,146424,88],{"class":54},[40,146426,5137],{"class":91},[40,146428,256],{"class":54},[20,146430,146431],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146433,146434,146435,146437,146438,289],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146436,65682],{},", convert them first. See ",[282,146439,2748],{"href":2747},[129,146441,41257],{"id":41256},[20,146443,146444,146445,289],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146446,145588],{},[792,146448,6302],{"id":6301},[20,146450,4307],{},[31,146452,146454],{"className":33,"code":146453,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146455,146456],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146457,146458,146460,146462,146464,146466,146468],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146459,101],{"class":84},[40,146461,88],{"class":54},[40,146463,145711],{"class":84},[40,146465,88],{"class":54},[40,146467,682],{"class":58},[40,146469,256],{"class":54},[20,146471,146472],{},"Why it fails:",[134,146474,146475,146480],{},[137,146476,146477,146479],{},[15,146478,682],{}," is a single integer",[137,146481,146482,146484],{},[15,146483,145588],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146486,6332],{},[31,146488,146490],{"className":33,"code":146489,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146491,146492],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146493,146494,146496,146498,146500,146502,146504],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146495,101],{"class":84},[40,146497,88],{"class":54},[40,146499,145711],{"class":84},[40,146501,2771],{"class":54},[40,146503,682],{"class":58},[40,146505,2784],{"class":54},[20,146507,111],{},[31,146509,146510],{"className":33,"code":2732,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,146511,146512],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146513,146514],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146515,2732],{"class":58},[792,146517,146519],{"id":146518},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146521,4307],{},[31,146523,146525],{"className":33,"code":146524,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146526,146527,146559],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146528,146529,146531,146533,146535,146537,146539,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549,146551,146553,146555,146557],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146530,3610],{"class":46},[40,146532,51],{"class":50},[40,146534,55],{"class":54},[40,146536,213],{"class":212},[40,146538,658],{"class":216},[40,146540,213],{"class":212},[40,146542,62],{"class":54},[40,146544,224],{"class":212},[40,146546,744],{"class":216},[40,146548,213],{"class":212},[40,146550,62],{"class":54},[40,146552,224],{"class":212},[40,146554,401],{"class":216},[40,146556,213],{"class":212},[40,146558,73],{"class":54},[40,146560,146561,146563,146565,146567,146569,146571],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,146562,101],{"class":84},[40,146564,88],{"class":54},[40,146566,145711],{"class":84},[40,146568,88],{"class":54},[40,146570,5137],{"class":91},[40,146572,256],{"class":54},[20,146574,146575],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[31,146577,146579],{"className":33,"code":146578,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146580,146581,146613,146641],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146582,146583,146585,146587,146589,146591,146593,146595,146597,146599,146601,146603,146605,146607,146609,146611],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146584,3610],{"class":46},[40,146586,51],{"class":50},[40,146588,55],{"class":54},[40,146590,213],{"class":212},[40,146592,658],{"class":216},[40,146594,213],{"class":212},[40,146596,62],{"class":54},[40,146598,224],{"class":212},[40,146600,744],{"class":216},[40,146602,213],{"class":212},[40,146604,62],{"class":54},[40,146606,224],{"class":212},[40,146608,401],{"class":216},[40,146610,213],{"class":212},[40,146612,73],{"class":54},[40,146614,146615,146617,146619,146621,146623,146625,146627,146629,146631,146633,146635,146637,146639],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,146616,40937],{"class":46},[40,146618,51],{"class":50},[40,146620,145641],{"class":84},[40,146622,88],{"class":54},[40,146624,1972],{"class":609},[40,146626,88],{"class":54},[40,146628,1957],{"class":91},[40,146630,18],{"class":54},[40,146632,3663],{"class":535},[40,146634,3666],{"class":91},[40,146636,1554],{"class":535},[40,146638,3671],{"class":91},[40,146640,95],{"class":54},[40,146642,146643,146645,146647,146649],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,146644,101],{"class":84},[40,146646,88],{"class":54},[40,146648,40966],{"class":91},[40,146650,95],{"class":54},[20,146652,111],{},[31,146654,146655],{"className":33,"code":2437,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,146656,146657],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146658,146659],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146660,2437],{"class":58},[20,146662,146663],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[792,146665,146667],{"id":146666},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146669,4307],{},[31,146671,146673],{"className":33,"code":146672,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146674,146675,146703],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146676,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685,146687,146689,146691,146693,146695,146697,146699,146701],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146678,3610],{"class":46},[40,146680,51],{"class":50},[40,146682,55],{"class":54},[40,146684,658],{"class":58},[40,146686,62],{"class":54},[40,146688,663],{"class":58},[40,146690,62],{"class":54},[40,146692,224],{"class":212},[40,146694,401],{"class":216},[40,146696,213],{"class":212},[40,146698,62],{"class":54},[40,146700,675],{"class":58},[40,146702,73],{"class":54},[40,146704,146705,146707,146709,146711,146713,146715],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,146706,101],{"class":84},[40,146708,88],{"class":54},[40,146710,145711],{"class":84},[40,146712,88],{"class":54},[40,146714,5137],{"class":91},[40,146716,256],{"class":54},[20,146718,146719],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[31,146721,146723],{"className":33,"code":146722,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146724,146725,146753,146781],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146726,146727,146729,146731,146733,146735,146737,146739,146741,146743,146745,146747,146749,146751],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146728,3610],{"class":46},[40,146730,51],{"class":50},[40,146732,55],{"class":54},[40,146734,658],{"class":58},[40,146736,62],{"class":54},[40,146738,663],{"class":58},[40,146740,62],{"class":54},[40,146742,224],{"class":212},[40,146744,401],{"class":216},[40,146746,213],{"class":212},[40,146748,62],{"class":54},[40,146750,675],{"class":58},[40,146752,73],{"class":54},[40,146754,146755,146757,146759,146761,146763,146765,146767,146769,146771,146773,146775,146777,146779],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,146756,40937],{"class":46},[40,146758,51],{"class":50},[40,146760,145641],{"class":84},[40,146762,88],{"class":54},[40,146764,1972],{"class":609},[40,146766,88],{"class":54},[40,146768,1957],{"class":91},[40,146770,18],{"class":54},[40,146772,3663],{"class":535},[40,146774,3666],{"class":91},[40,146776,1554],{"class":535},[40,146778,3671],{"class":91},[40,146780,95],{"class":54},[40,146782,146783,146785,146787,146789],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,146784,101],{"class":84},[40,146786,88],{"class":54},[40,146788,40966],{"class":91},[40,146790,95],{"class":54},[20,146792,111],{},[31,146794,146795],{"className":33,"code":2160,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,146796,146797],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146798,146799],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146800,2160],{"class":58},[792,146802,795,146804,146806],{"id":146803},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146805,145588],{}," to join text",[20,146808,4307],{},[31,146810,146812],{"className":33,"code":146811,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146813,146814,146870],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146815,146816,146818,146820,146822,146824,146826,146828,146830,146832,146834,146836,146838,146840,146842,146844,146846,146848,146850,146852,146854,146856,146858,146860,146862,146864,146866,146868],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146817,1000],{"class":46},[40,146819,51],{"class":50},[40,146821,55],{"class":54},[40,146823,213],{"class":212},[40,146825,133712],{"class":216},[40,146827,213],{"class":212},[40,146829,62],{"class":54},[40,146831,224],{"class":212},[40,146833,11514],{"class":216},[40,146835,213],{"class":212},[40,146837,62],{"class":54},[40,146839,224],{"class":212},[40,146841,63026],{"class":216},[40,146843,213],{"class":212},[40,146845,62],{"class":54},[40,146847,224],{"class":212},[40,146849,60178],{"class":216},[40,146851,213],{"class":212},[40,146853,62],{"class":54},[40,146855,224],{"class":212},[40,146857,60213],{"class":216},[40,146859,213],{"class":212},[40,146861,62],{"class":54},[40,146863,224],{"class":212},[40,146865,75629],{"class":216},[40,146867,213],{"class":212},[40,146869,73],{"class":54},[40,146871,146872,146874,146876,146878,146880,146882],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,146873,101],{"class":84},[40,146875,88],{"class":54},[40,146877,145711],{"class":84},[40,146879,88],{"class":54},[40,146881,1043],{"class":91},[40,146883,256],{"class":54},[20,146885,123,146886,60272],{},[15,146887,133036],{},[31,146889,146891],{"className":33,"code":146890,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146892,146893,146949],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146894,146895,146897,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927,146929,146931,146933,146935,146937,146939,146941,146943,146945,146947],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146896,1000],{"class":46},[40,146898,51],{"class":50},[40,146900,55],{"class":54},[40,146902,213],{"class":212},[40,146904,133712],{"class":216},[40,146906,213],{"class":212},[40,146908,62],{"class":54},[40,146910,224],{"class":212},[40,146912,11514],{"class":216},[40,146914,213],{"class":212},[40,146916,62],{"class":54},[40,146918,224],{"class":212},[40,146920,63026],{"class":216},[40,146922,213],{"class":212},[40,146924,62],{"class":54},[40,146926,224],{"class":212},[40,146928,60178],{"class":216},[40,146930,213],{"class":212},[40,146932,62],{"class":54},[40,146934,224],{"class":212},[40,146936,60213],{"class":216},[40,146938,213],{"class":212},[40,146940,62],{"class":54},[40,146942,224],{"class":212},[40,146944,75629],{"class":216},[40,146946,213],{"class":212},[40,146948,73],{"class":54},[40,146950,146951,146953,146955,146957,146959,146961,146963,146965],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,146952,101],{"class":84},[40,146954,88],{"class":54},[40,146956,6049],{"class":212},[40,146958,289],{"class":54},[40,146960,133113],{"class":91},[40,146962,88],{"class":54},[40,146964,1043],{"class":91},[40,146966,256],{"class":54},[20,146968,111],{},[31,146970,146971],{"className":33,"code":133793,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,146972,146973],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,146974,146975],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,146976,133793],{"class":46},[20,146978,146979,146980,289],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[282,146981,146982],{"href":134874},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[129,146984,146986,146988],{"id":146985},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146987,145588],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146990,146991,146993],{},[15,146992,145588],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[792,146995,795,146997],{"id":146996},"using-sum",[15,146998,145588],{},[31,147000,147002],{"className":33,"code":147001,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147003,147004,147024,147038],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147005,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014,147016,147018,147020,147022],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147007,47],{"class":46},[40,147009,51],{"class":50},[40,147011,55],{"class":54},[40,147013,2288],{"class":58},[40,147015,62],{"class":54},[40,147017,5770],{"class":58},[40,147019,62],{"class":54},[40,147021,53879],{"class":58},[40,147023,73],{"class":54},[40,147025,147026,147028,147030,147032,147034,147036],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,147027,40937],{"class":46},[40,147029,51],{"class":50},[40,147031,145641],{"class":84},[40,147033,88],{"class":54},[40,147035,92],{"class":91},[40,147037,95],{"class":54},[40,147039,147040,147042,147044,147046],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,147041,101],{"class":84},[40,147043,88],{"class":54},[40,147045,40966],{"class":91},[40,147047,95],{"class":54},[792,147049,147051],{"id":147050},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[31,147053,147055],{"className":33,"code":147054,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147056,147057,147077,147085,147089,147101,147109,147113],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147058,147059,147061,147063,147065,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147060,47],{"class":46},[40,147062,51],{"class":50},[40,147064,55],{"class":54},[40,147066,2288],{"class":58},[40,147068,62],{"class":54},[40,147070,5770],{"class":58},[40,147072,62],{"class":54},[40,147074,53879],{"class":58},[40,147076,73],{"class":54},[40,147078,147079,147081,147083],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,147080,40937],{"class":46},[40,147082,51],{"class":50},[40,147084,38267],{"class":58},[40,147086,147087],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,147088,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,147090,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,147092,1548],{"class":535},[40,147094,6164],{"class":46},[40,147096,1554],{"class":535},[40,147098,4045],{"class":46},[40,147100,553],{"class":54},[40,147102,147103,147105,147107],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,147104,89706],{"class":46},[40,147106,89709],{"class":50},[40,147108,89712],{"class":46},[40,147110,147111],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,147112,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,147114,147115,147117,147119,147121],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,147116,101],{"class":84},[40,147118,88],{"class":54},[40,147120,40966],{"class":91},[40,147122,95],{"class":54},[20,147124,147125],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147127,2271,147128,147130],{},[15,147129,145588],{}," is often better:",[134,147132,147133,147136,147139],{},[137,147134,147135],{},"Shorter code",[137,147137,147138],{},"Easier to read",[137,147140,147141],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147143,147144],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[134,147146,147147,147150,147153],{},[137,147148,147149],{},"You need to skip some values",[137,147151,147152],{},"You need extra checks",[137,147154,147155],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147157,147158,147159,147162,147163,147165],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[282,147160,147161],{"href":39763},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147164,145588],{}," on the filtered result.",[129,147167,2613],{"id":2612},[20,147169,147170,147171,2669],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147172,145588],{},[134,147174,147175,147181,147188,147195],{},[137,147176,147177,147178],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147179,147180],{},"sum(5)",[137,147182,147183,147184,147187],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147185,147186],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[137,147189,795,147190,147192,147193],{},[15,147191,145588],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147194,133036],{},[137,147196,147197],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147199,8646,147200,147202],{},[15,147201,145588],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[31,147204,147206],{"className":33,"code":147205,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147207,147208,147218,147232,147256],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147209,147210,147212,147214,147216],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147211,101],{"class":84},[40,147213,88],{"class":54},[40,147215,5137],{"class":91},[40,147217,95],{"class":54},[40,147219,147220,147222,147224,147226,147228,147230],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,147221,101],{"class":84},[40,147223,88],{"class":54},[40,147225,1297],{"class":609},[40,147227,88],{"class":54},[40,147229,5137],{"class":91},[40,147231,256],{"class":54},[40,147233,147234,147236,147238,147240,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,147235,101],{"class":84},[40,147237,2771],{"class":54},[40,147239,1297],{"class":609},[40,147241,88],{"class":54},[40,147243,1957],{"class":91},[40,147245,18],{"class":54},[40,147247,3663],{"class":535},[40,147249,3666],{"class":91},[40,147251,1554],{"class":535},[40,147253,3671],{"class":91},[40,147255,570],{"class":54},[40,147257,147258,147260,147262,147264,147266,147268,147270,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,147259,101],{"class":84},[40,147261,88],{"class":54},[40,147263,145711],{"class":84},[40,147265,2771],{"class":54},[40,147267,1972],{"class":609},[40,147269,88],{"class":54},[40,147271,1957],{"class":91},[40,147273,18],{"class":54},[40,147275,3663],{"class":535},[40,147277,3666],{"class":91},[40,147279,1554],{"class":535},[40,147281,3671],{"class":91},[40,147283,2784],{"class":54},[20,147285,135607],{},[134,147287,147288,147294,147300,147305],{},[137,147289,147290,147293],{},[15,147291,147292],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[137,147295,147296,147299],{},[15,147297,147298],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[137,147301,147302,135629],{},[15,147303,147304],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[137,147306,147307,147310],{},[15,147308,147309],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[129,147312,1636],{"id":1635},[792,147314,1650,147316,4923],{"id":147315},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147317,145588],{},[20,147319,147320],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[792,147322,4947,147324,147326],{"id":147323},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147325,145588],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147328,1677,147329,2662,147332,147335],{},[15,147330,147331],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147333,147334],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[792,147337,4947,147339,147341],{"id":147338},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147340,145588],{}," work with floats?",[20,147343,147344],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[792,147346,147348,147349,2275],{"id":147347},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147350,145588],{},[20,147352,147353,147354,147356],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147355,35831],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[792,147358,4935,147360,118992,147362,2275],{"id":147359},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147361,145588],{},[15,147363,2790],{},[20,147365,147366],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[129,147368,1687],{"id":1686},[134,147370,147371,147375,147381,147387,147393,147397,147401],{},[137,147372,147373],{},[282,147374,146071],{"href":2202},[137,147376,147377],{},[282,147378,285,147379,288],{"href":35951},[15,147380,35954],{},[137,147382,147383],{},[282,147384,285,147385,288],{"href":284},[15,147386,25],{},[137,147388,147389],{},[282,147390,285,147391,288],{"href":41928},[15,147392,47435],{},[137,147394,147395],{},[282,147396,4999],{"href":39763},[137,147398,147399],{},[282,147400,3313],{"href":2747},[137,147402,147403],{},[282,147404,146982],{"href":134874},[1715,147406,147407],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":147409},[147410,147411,147413,147414,147415,147417,147425,147431,147438,147444,147445,147457],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":145667,"depth":76,"text":147412},"What sum() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":145845,"depth":76,"text":147416},"Using the start value",{"id":145947,"depth":76,"text":147418,"children":147419},"What sum() can work with",[147420,147421,147422,147424],{"id":40179,"depth":98,"text":40180},{"id":51794,"depth":98,"text":146013},{"id":146074,"depth":98,"text":147423},"Values from range()",{"id":146122,"depth":98,"text":146123},{"id":146196,"depth":76,"text":147426,"children":147427},"What sum() does not work with",[147428,147429,147430],{"id":146207,"depth":98,"text":146208},{"id":146324,"depth":98,"text":146325},{"id":146382,"depth":98,"text":146383},{"id":41256,"depth":76,"text":41257,"children":147432},[147433,147434,147435,147436],{"id":6301,"depth":98,"text":6302},{"id":146518,"depth":98,"text":146519},{"id":146666,"depth":98,"text":146667},{"id":146803,"depth":98,"text":147437},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146985,"depth":76,"text":147439,"children":147440},"sum() vs manual loop",[147441,147443],{"id":146996,"depth":98,"text":147442},"Using sum()",{"id":147050,"depth":98,"text":147051},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":147446},[147447,147449,147451,147453,147455],{"id":147315,"depth":98,"text":147448},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147323,"depth":98,"text":147450},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147338,"depth":98,"text":147452},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147347,"depth":98,"text":147454},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147359,"depth":98,"text":147456},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145580,"description":147458},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147465,"title":147466,"body":147467,"description":148869,"extension":1746,"meta":148870,"navigation":360,"path":148871,"seo":148872,"stem":148873,"__hash__":148874},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147468,"toc":148837},[147469,147475,147481,147484,147547,147553,147558,147562,147579,147593,147597,147617,147631,147633,147726,147728,147742,147744,147747,147836,147838,147846,147855,147857,147861,147882,147884,147976,147978,147999,148001,148005,148019,148021,148095,148097,148116,148120,148123,148146,148148,148259,148266,148274,148276,148282,148285,148328,148331,148354,148362,148366,148441,148447,148472,148479,148482,148485,148489,148494,148582,148590,148594,148597,148622,148626,148687,148691,148740,148750,148752,148757,148760,148766,148769,148773,148777,148783,148786,148794,148802,148804,148834],[10,147470,147472,147473,11091],{"id":147471},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147474,57033],{},[20,147476,147477,147480],{},[15,147478,147479],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147482,147483],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[31,147485,147487],{"className":33,"code":147486,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147488,147489,147517,147535],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147490,147491,147493,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503,147505,147507,147509,147511,147513,147515],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147492,47],{"class":46},[40,147494,51],{"class":50},[40,147496,9006],{"class":54},[40,147498,658],{"class":58},[40,147500,62],{"class":54},[40,147502,663],{"class":58},[40,147504,62],{"class":54},[40,147506,663],{"class":58},[40,147508,62],{"class":54},[40,147510,749],{"class":58},[40,147512,62],{"class":54},[40,147514,663],{"class":58},[40,147516,95],{"class":54},[40,147518,147519,147521,147523,147525,147527,147529,147531,147533],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,147520,2013],{"class":46},[40,147522,51],{"class":50},[40,147524,4045],{"class":46},[40,147526,289],{"class":54},[40,147528,106],{"class":91},[40,147530,88],{"class":54},[40,147532,744],{"class":58},[40,147534,95],{"class":54},[40,147536,147537,147539,147541,147543,147545],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,147538,101],{"class":84},[40,147540,88],{"class":54},[40,147542,2048],{"class":91},[40,147544,18],{"class":54},[40,147546,50523],{"class":3449},[20,147548,123,147549,147552],{},[15,147550,147551],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[129,147554,158,147556,3466],{"id":147555},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147557,147479],{},[20,147559,147560,2669],{},[15,147561,147551],{},[134,147563,147564,147570,147573,147576],{},[137,147565,147566,147567,147569],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147568,2255],{}," appears in the tuple",[137,147571,147572],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[137,147574,147575],{},"Returns an integer",[137,147577,147578],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147580,147581,147582,147584,147585,2662,147589,289],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147583,57033],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[282,147586,147588],{"href":147587},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[282,147590,147592],{"href":147591},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[129,147594,147596],{"id":147595},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[31,147598,147600],{"className":33,"code":147599,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147601,147602],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147603,147604,147607,147609,147611,147613,147615],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147605,147606],{"class":46},"my_tuple",[40,147608,289],{"class":54},[40,147610,106],{"class":91},[40,147612,88],{"class":54},[40,147614,2255],{"class":91},[40,147616,95],{"class":54},[134,147618,147619,147623,147626],{},[137,147620,147621,57198],{},[15,147622,2255],{},[137,147624,147625],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[137,147627,147628,147629],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147630,192],{},[792,147632,102707],{"id":102706},[31,147634,147636],{"className":33,"code":147635,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147637,147638,147678,147702],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147639,147640,147642,147644,147646,147648,147650,147652,147654,147656,147658,147660,147662,147664,147666,147668,147670,147672,147674,147676],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147641,309],{"class":46},[40,147643,51],{"class":50},[40,147645,9006],{"class":54},[40,147647,213],{"class":212},[40,147649,318],{"class":216},[40,147651,213],{"class":212},[40,147653,62],{"class":54},[40,147655,224],{"class":212},[40,147657,336],{"class":216},[40,147659,213],{"class":212},[40,147661,62],{"class":54},[40,147663,224],{"class":212},[40,147665,318],{"class":216},[40,147667,213],{"class":212},[40,147669,62],{"class":54},[40,147671,224],{"class":212},[40,147673,327],{"class":216},[40,147675,213],{"class":212},[40,147677,95],{"class":54},[40,147679,147680,147682,147684,147686,147688,147690,147692,147694,147696,147698,147700],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,147681,101],{"class":84},[40,147683,88],{"class":54},[40,147685,353],{"class":91},[40,147687,289],{"class":54},[40,147689,106],{"class":91},[40,147691,88],{"class":54},[40,147693,213],{"class":212},[40,147695,318],{"class":216},[40,147697,213],{"class":212},[40,147699,5140],{"class":54},[40,147701,57388],{"class":3449},[40,147703,147704,147706,147708,147710,147712,147714,147716,147718,147720,147722,147724],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,147705,101],{"class":84},[40,147707,88],{"class":54},[40,147709,353],{"class":91},[40,147711,289],{"class":54},[40,147713,106],{"class":91},[40,147715,88],{"class":54},[40,147717,213],{"class":212},[40,147719,22285],{"class":216},[40,147721,213],{"class":212},[40,147723,5140],{"class":54},[40,147725,50999],{"class":3449},[20,147727,19718],{},[134,147729,147730,147735],{},[137,147731,147732,147734],{},[15,147733,65130],{}," appears 2 times",[137,147736,147737,147739,147740],{},[15,147738,109403],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147741,192],{},[129,147743,11245],{"id":11244},[20,147745,147746],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[31,147748,147750],{"className":33,"code":147749,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147751,147752,147800,147804,147826],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147753,147754,147756,147758,147760,147762,147764,147766,147768,147770,147772,147774,147776,147778,147780,147782,147784,147786,147788,147790,147792,147794,147796,147798],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147755,35995],{"class":46},[40,147757,51],{"class":50},[40,147759,9006],{"class":54},[40,147761,213],{"class":212},[40,147763,3862],{"class":216},[40,147765,213],{"class":212},[40,147767,62],{"class":54},[40,147769,224],{"class":212},[40,147771,3871],{"class":216},[40,147773,213],{"class":212},[40,147775,62],{"class":54},[40,147777,224],{"class":212},[40,147779,3862],{"class":216},[40,147781,213],{"class":212},[40,147783,62],{"class":54},[40,147785,224],{"class":212},[40,147787,32982],{"class":216},[40,147789,213],{"class":212},[40,147791,62],{"class":54},[40,147793,224],{"class":212},[40,147795,3862],{"class":216},[40,147797,213],{"class":212},[40,147799,95],{"class":54},[40,147801,147802],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,147803,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,147805,147806,147808,147810,147812,147814,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,147807,2013],{"class":46},[40,147809,51],{"class":50},[40,147811,52596],{"class":46},[40,147813,289],{"class":54},[40,147815,106],{"class":91},[40,147817,88],{"class":54},[40,147819,213],{"class":212},[40,147821,3862],{"class":216},[40,147823,213],{"class":212},[40,147825,95],{"class":54},[40,147827,147828,147830,147832,147834],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,147829,101],{"class":84},[40,147831,88],{"class":54},[40,147833,2048],{"class":91},[40,147835,95],{"class":54},[20,147837,111],{},[31,147839,147840],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,147841,147842],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147843,147844],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147845,114],{"class":58},[20,147847,147848,147850,147851,398,147853,289],{},[15,147849,57576],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147852,57033],{},[15,147854,401],{},[129,147856,37776],{"id":37775},[20,147858,57287,147859,128342],{},[15,147860,57033],{},[134,147862,147863,147868,147873,147876],{},[137,147864,11193,147865,147867],{},[15,147866,192],{}," when the value does not exist",[137,147869,11193,147870,147872],{},[15,147871,658],{}," when the value appears once",[137,147874,147875],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[137,147877,147878,147879,147881],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147880,536],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147883,195],{},[31,147885,147887],{"className":33,"code":147886,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147888,147889,147930,147934,147961],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147890,147891,147894,147896,147898,147900,147902,147904,147906,147908,147910,147912,147914,147916,147918,147920,147922,147924,147926,147928],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147892,147893],{"class":46},"answers ",[40,147895,51],{"class":50},[40,147897,9006],{"class":54},[40,147899,213],{"class":212},[40,147901,8428],{"class":216},[40,147903,213],{"class":212},[40,147905,62],{"class":54},[40,147907,224],{"class":212},[40,147909,8367],{"class":216},[40,147911,213],{"class":212},[40,147913,62],{"class":54},[40,147915,224],{"class":212},[40,147917,8428],{"class":216},[40,147919,213],{"class":212},[40,147921,62],{"class":54},[40,147923,224],{"class":212},[40,147925,8428],{"class":216},[40,147927,213],{"class":212},[40,147929,95],{"class":54},[40,147931,147932],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,147933,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,147935,147936,147938,147941,147943,147945,147947,147949,147951,147953,147955,147957,147959],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,147937,536],{"class":535},[40,147939,147940],{"class":46}," answers",[40,147942,289],{"class":54},[40,147944,106],{"class":91},[40,147946,88],{"class":54},[40,147948,213],{"class":212},[40,147950,8428],{"class":216},[40,147952,213],{"class":212},[40,147954,18],{"class":54},[40,147956,547],{"class":50},[40,147958,1226],{"class":58},[40,147960,553],{"class":54},[40,147962,147963,147965,147967,147969,147972,147974],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,147964,558],{"class":84},[40,147966,88],{"class":54},[40,147968,213],{"class":212},[40,147970,147971],{"class":216},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[40,147973,213],{"class":212},[40,147975,95],{"class":54},[20,147977,111],{},[31,147979,147981],{"className":33,"code":147980,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147982,147983],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,147984,147985,147988,147990,147992,147994,147997],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,147986,147987],{"class":46},"The answer ",[40,147989,3087],{"class":212},[40,147991,8428],{"class":216},[40,147993,3087],{"class":212},[40,147995,147996],{"class":46}," appears more than once",[40,147998,121986],{"class":54},[129,148000,40800],{"id":40799},[20,148002,35169,148003,104170],{},[15,148004,147479],{},[134,148006,148007,148010,148013,148016],{},[137,148008,148009],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[137,148011,148012],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[137,148014,148015],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[137,148017,148018],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148020,195],{},[31,148022,148024],{"className":33,"code":148023,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148025,148026,148054,148058,148080],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148027,148028,148030,148032,148034,148036,148038,148040,148042,148044,148046,148048,148050,148052],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148029,4842],{"class":46},[40,148031,51],{"class":50},[40,148033,9006],{"class":54},[40,148035,59],{"class":58},[40,148037,62],{"class":54},[40,148039,65],{"class":58},[40,148041,62],{"class":54},[40,148043,5781],{"class":58},[40,148045,62],{"class":54},[40,148047,70],{"class":58},[40,148049,62],{"class":54},[40,148051,5781],{"class":58},[40,148053,95],{"class":54},[40,148055,148056],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,148057,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,148059,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,148061,536],{"class":535},[40,148063,4889],{"class":46},[40,148065,289],{"class":54},[40,148067,106],{"class":91},[40,148069,88],{"class":54},[40,148071,59],{"class":58},[40,148073,18],{"class":54},[40,148075,51040],{"class":50},[40,148077,663],{"class":58},[40,148079,553],{"class":54},[40,148081,148082,148084,148086,148088,148091,148093],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,148083,558],{"class":84},[40,148085,88],{"class":54},[40,148087,213],{"class":212},[40,148089,148090],{"class":216},"The score 10 is repeated.",[40,148092,213],{"class":212},[40,148094,95],{"class":54},[20,148096,111],{},[31,148098,148100],{"className":33,"code":148099,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148101,148102],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148103,148104,148107,148109,148111,148114],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148105,148106],{"class":46},"The score ",[40,148108,59],{"class":58},[40,148110,613],{"class":50},[40,148112,148113],{"class":46}," repeated",[40,148115,121986],{"class":54},[129,148117,148119],{"id":148118},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148121,148122],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[134,148124,148125,148131,148136,148139],{},[137,148126,148127,148128,148130],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148129,57033],{}," still works because it only reads data",[137,148132,148133,148135],{},[15,148134,57033],{}," counts exact matches",[137,148137,148138],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[137,148140,148141,4176,148143,148145],{},[15,148142,658],{},[15,148144,41911],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148147,195],{},[31,148149,148151],{"className":33,"code":148150,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148152,148153,148187,148191,148211,148235],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148154,148155,148157,148159,148161,148163,148165,148168,148170,148172,148175,148177,148179,148181,148183,148185],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148156,3610],{"class":46},[40,148158,51],{"class":50},[40,148160,9006],{"class":54},[40,148162,658],{"class":58},[40,148164,62],{"class":54},[40,148166,148167],{"class":58}," 1.0",[40,148169,62],{"class":54},[40,148171,224],{"class":212},[40,148173,148174],{"class":216},"Cat",[40,148176,213],{"class":212},[40,148178,62],{"class":54},[40,148180,224],{"class":212},[40,148182,217],{"class":216},[40,148184,213],{"class":212},[40,148186,95],{"class":54},[40,148188,148189],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,148190,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,148192,148193,148195,148197,148199,148201,148203,148205,148207,148209],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,148194,101],{"class":84},[40,148196,88],{"class":54},[40,148198,5137],{"class":91},[40,148200,289],{"class":54},[40,148202,106],{"class":91},[40,148204,88],{"class":54},[40,148206,658],{"class":58},[40,148208,5140],{"class":54},[40,148210,50846],{"class":3449},[40,148212,148213,148215,148217,148219,148221,148223,148225,148227,148229,148231,148233],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,148214,101],{"class":84},[40,148216,88],{"class":54},[40,148218,5137],{"class":91},[40,148220,289],{"class":54},[40,148222,106],{"class":91},[40,148224,88],{"class":54},[40,148226,213],{"class":212},[40,148228,148174],{"class":216},[40,148230,213],{"class":212},[40,148232,5140],{"class":54},[40,148234,27540],{"class":3449},[40,148236,148237,148239,148241,148243,148245,148247,148249,148251,148253,148255,148257],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,148238,101],{"class":84},[40,148240,88],{"class":54},[40,148242,5137],{"class":91},[40,148244,289],{"class":54},[40,148246,106],{"class":91},[40,148248,88],{"class":54},[40,148250,213],{"class":212},[40,148252,217],{"class":216},[40,148254,213],{"class":212},[40,148256,5140],{"class":54},[40,148258,27540],{"class":3449},[20,148260,4935,148261,4938,148264,2275],{},[15,148262,148263],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148265,744],{},[20,148267,8556,148268,1156,148271,148273],{},[15,148269,148270],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148272,3391],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[129,148275,2613],{"id":2612},[792,148277,795,148279,148281],{"id":148278},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148280,106],{}," without parentheses",[20,148283,148284],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[31,148286,148288],{"className":33,"code":148287,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148289,148290,148314],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148291,148292,148294,148296,148298,148300,148302,148304,148306,148308,148310,148312],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148293,47],{"class":46},[40,148295,51],{"class":50},[40,148297,9006],{"class":54},[40,148299,658],{"class":58},[40,148301,62],{"class":54},[40,148303,663],{"class":58},[40,148305,62],{"class":54},[40,148307,663],{"class":58},[40,148309,62],{"class":54},[40,148311,749],{"class":58},[40,148313,95],{"class":54},[40,148315,148316,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,148317,101],{"class":84},[40,148319,88],{"class":54},[40,148321,92],{"class":91},[40,148323,289],{"class":54},[40,148325,106],{"class":24512},[40,148327,95],{"class":54},[20,148329,148330],{},"To call the method correctly:",[31,148332,148334],{"className":33,"code":148333,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148335,148336],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148337,148338,148340,148342,148344,148346,148348,148350,148352],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148339,101],{"class":84},[40,148341,88],{"class":54},[40,148343,92],{"class":91},[40,148345,289],{"class":54},[40,148347,106],{"class":91},[40,148349,88],{"class":54},[40,148351,744],{"class":58},[40,148353,256],{"class":54},[792,148355,8223,148356,8226,148358,2662,148360],{"id":58335},[15,148357,57033],{},[15,148359,3391],{},[15,148361,3460],{},[20,148363,148364,58346],{},[15,148365,57033],{},[31,148367,148369],{"className":33,"code":148368,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148370,148371,148403,148425,148429],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148372,148373,148375,148377,148379,148381,148383,148385,148387,148389,148391,148393,148395,148397,148399,148401],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148374,1000],{"class":46},[40,148376,51],{"class":50},[40,148378,9006],{"class":54},[40,148380,213],{"class":212},[40,148382,282],{"class":216},[40,148384,213],{"class":212},[40,148386,62],{"class":54},[40,148388,224],{"class":212},[40,148390,1017],{"class":216},[40,148392,213],{"class":212},[40,148394,62],{"class":54},[40,148396,224],{"class":212},[40,148398,282],{"class":216},[40,148400,213],{"class":212},[40,148402,95],{"class":54},[40,148404,148405,148407,148409,148411,148413,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,148406,2013],{"class":46},[40,148408,51],{"class":50},[40,148410,69695],{"class":46},[40,148412,289],{"class":54},[40,148414,106],{"class":91},[40,148416,88],{"class":54},[40,148418,213],{"class":212},[40,148420,282],{"class":216},[40,148422,213],{"class":212},[40,148424,95],{"class":54},[40,148426,148427],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,148428,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,148430,148431,148433,148435,148437,148439],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,148432,101],{"class":84},[40,148434,88],{"class":54},[40,148436,2048],{"class":91},[40,148438,18],{"class":54},[40,148440,51167],{"class":3449},[20,148442,148443,148444,148446],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148445,1554],{}," is often simpler:",[31,148448,148450],{"className":33,"code":148449,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148451,148452],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148453,148454,148456,148458,148460,148462,148464,148466,148468,148470],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148455,101],{"class":84},[40,148457,88],{"class":54},[40,148459,213],{"class":212},[40,148461,282],{"class":216},[40,148463,213],{"class":212},[40,148465,20934],{"class":535},[40,148467,69695],{"class":91},[40,148469,18],{"class":54},[40,148471,3450],{"class":3449},[792,148473,36960,148475,8475,148477],{"id":148474},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148476,147479],{},[15,148478,57038],{},[20,148480,148481],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148483,148484],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[792,148486,148488],{"id":148487},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148490,148491,148493],{},[15,148492,57033],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[31,148495,148497],{"className":33,"code":148496,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148498,148499,148532,148558],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148500,148501,148503,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513,148515,148517,148520,148522,148524,148526,148528,148530],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148502,205],{"class":46},[40,148504,51],{"class":50},[40,148506,9006],{"class":54},[40,148508,213],{"class":212},[40,148510,3862],{"class":216},[40,148512,213],{"class":212},[40,148514,62],{"class":54},[40,148516,224],{"class":212},[40,148518,148519],{"class":216},"pineapple",[40,148521,213],{"class":212},[40,148523,62],{"class":54},[40,148525,224],{"class":212},[40,148527,3862],{"class":216},[40,148529,213],{"class":212},[40,148531,95],{"class":54},[40,148533,148534,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548,148551,148553,148555],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,148535,101],{"class":84},[40,148537,88],{"class":54},[40,148539,253],{"class":91},[40,148541,289],{"class":54},[40,148543,106],{"class":91},[40,148545,88],{"class":54},[40,148547,213],{"class":212},[40,148549,148550],{"class":216},"app",[40,148552,213],{"class":212},[40,148554,5140],{"class":54},[40,148556,148557],{"class":3449},"    # 0\n",[40,148559,148560,148562,148564,148566,148568,148570,148572,148574,148576,148578,148580],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,148561,101],{"class":84},[40,148563,88],{"class":54},[40,148565,253],{"class":91},[40,148567,289],{"class":54},[40,148569,106],{"class":91},[40,148571,88],{"class":54},[40,148573,213],{"class":212},[40,148575,3862],{"class":216},[40,148577,213],{"class":212},[40,148579,5140],{"class":54},[40,148581,51167],{"class":3449},[20,148583,148584,148587,148588,289],{},[15,148585,148586],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148589,192],{},[129,148591,148593],{"id":148592},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148595,148596],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[134,148598,148599,148604,148613,148619],{},[137,148600,123,148601,148603],{},[15,148602,1554],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[137,148605,123,148606,148612],{},[282,148607,148609,148610],{"href":148608},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148611,58710],{}," to find the position of a value",[137,148614,123,148615,148618],{},[15,148616,148617],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[137,148620,148621],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148623,45793,148624,2669],{},[15,148625,1554],{},[31,148627,148629],{"className":33,"code":148628,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148630,148631,148651,148655,148671],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148632,148633,148635,148637,148639,148641,148643,148645,148647,148649],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148634,47],{"class":46},[40,148636,51],{"class":50},[40,148638,9006],{"class":54},[40,148640,2288],{"class":58},[40,148642,62],{"class":54},[40,148644,5770],{"class":58},[40,148646,62],{"class":54},[40,148648,53879],{"class":58},[40,148650,95],{"class":54},[40,148652,148653],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,148654,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,148656,148657,148659,148661,148663,148665,148667,148669],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,148658,101],{"class":84},[40,148660,88],{"class":54},[40,148662,1809],{"class":58},[40,148664,20934],{"class":535},[40,148666,4045],{"class":91},[40,148668,18],{"class":54},[40,148670,43607],{"class":3449},[40,148672,148673,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,148674,101],{"class":84},[40,148676,88],{"class":54},[40,148678,682],{"class":58},[40,148680,20934],{"class":535},[40,148682,4045],{"class":91},[40,148684,18],{"class":54},[40,148686,43624],{"class":3449},[20,148688,45793,148689,2669],{},[15,148690,58710],{},[31,148692,148694],{"className":33,"code":148693,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148695,148696,148720],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148697,148698,148700,148702,148704,148706,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148699,47],{"class":46},[40,148701,51],{"class":50},[40,148703,9006],{"class":54},[40,148705,2288],{"class":58},[40,148707,62],{"class":54},[40,148709,5770],{"class":58},[40,148711,62],{"class":54},[40,148713,53879],{"class":58},[40,148715,62],{"class":54},[40,148717,5770],{"class":58},[40,148719,95],{"class":54},[40,148721,148722,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734,148736,148738],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,148723,101],{"class":84},[40,148725,88],{"class":54},[40,148727,92],{"class":91},[40,148729,289],{"class":54},[40,148731,35610],{"class":91},[40,148733,88],{"class":54},[40,148735,1809],{"class":58},[40,148737,5140],{"class":54},[40,148739,27540],{"class":3449},[20,148741,148742,148744,148745,148747,148749],{},[15,148743,57033],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9615,148746],{},[15,148748,58710],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[129,148751,1636],{"id":1635},[792,148753,1650,148755,4923],{"id":148754},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148756,147479],{},[20,148758,148759],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[792,148761,12474,148763,148765],{"id":148762},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148764,147479],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148767,148768],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[792,148770,148772],{"id":148771},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148774,11680,148775,289],{},[15,148776,192],{},[792,148778,4947,148780,148782],{"id":148779},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148781,147479],{}," count strings?",[20,148784,148785],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[792,148787,4957,148789,4176,148791,2275],{"id":148788},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148790,147479],{},[15,148792,148793],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148795,148796,148798,148799,148801],{},[15,148797,57033],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148800,58710],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[129,148803,1687],{"id":1686},[134,148805,148806,148810,148815,148822,148830],{},[137,148807,148808],{},[282,148809,147588],{"href":147587},[137,148811,148812],{},[282,148813,148814],{"href":147591},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[137,148816,148817],{},[282,148818,148819,148820,10510],{"href":148608},"Python tuple ",[15,148821,58710],{},[137,148823,148824],{},[282,148825,148827,148828],{"href":148826},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148829,25],{},[137,148831,148832],{},[282,148833,58698],{"href":58697},[1715,148835,148836],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":147595,"depth":76,"text":147596,"children":148842},[148843],{"id":102706,"depth":98,"text":102707},{"id":11244,"depth":76,"text":11245},{"id":37775,"depth":76,"text":37776},{"id":40799,"depth":76,"text":40800},{"id":148118,"depth":76,"text":148119},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":148849},[148850,148852,148853,148855],{"id":148278,"depth":98,"text":148851},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58335,"depth":98,"text":58750},{"id":148474,"depth":98,"text":148854},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148487,"depth":98,"text":148488},{"id":148592,"depth":76,"text":148593},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":148858},[148859,148861,148863,148864,148866],{"id":148754,"depth":98,"text":148860},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148762,"depth":98,"text":148862},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148771,"depth":98,"text":148772},{"id":148779,"depth":98,"text":148865},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148788,"depth":98,"text":148867},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147466,"description":148869},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148876,"title":148877,"body":148878,"description":150565,"extension":1746,"meta":150566,"navigation":360,"path":150567,"seo":150568,"stem":150569,"__hash__":150570},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148879,"toc":150528},[148880,148883,148886,148895,148897,149027,149029,149090,149096,149098,149118,149122,149125,149128,149163,149165,149186,149189,149228,149230,149255,149262,149266,149269,149306,149308,149331,149334,149337,149349,149355,149359,149362,149368,149409,149411,149434,149437,149478,149480,149507,149509,149526,149528,149545,149548,149552,149555,149557,149591,149593,149640,149644,149683,149687,149690,149747,149749,149790,149796,149802,149807,149809,149846,149848,149868,149870,149903,149905,149938,149941,149945,149978,149980,150005,150008,150010,150024,150031,150033,150036,150040,150043,150078,150081,150116,150120,150123,150162,150165,150204,150208,150210,150240,150243,150250,150252,150284,150287,150319,150322,150353,150355,150372,150376,150379,150443,150445,150449,150456,150460,150463,150467,150470,150474,150477,150482,150488,150490,150525],[10,148881,148877],{"id":148882},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148884,148885],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148887,148888,148889,2662,148893,289],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[282,148890,148892],{"href":148891},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[282,148894,147588],{"href":147587},[129,148896,1787],{"id":1786},[31,148898,148900],{"className":33,"code":148899,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148901,148902,148922,148931,148945,148981,148985,148995,149005,149016],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,148903,148904,148906,148908,148910,148912,148914,148916,148918,148920],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,148905,47],{"class":46},[40,148907,51],{"class":50},[40,148909,9006],{"class":54},[40,148911,658],{"class":58},[40,148913,62],{"class":54},[40,148915,663],{"class":58},[40,148917,62],{"class":54},[40,148919,749],{"class":58},[40,148921,95],{"class":54},[40,148923,148924,148926,148928],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,148925,124452],{"class":46},[40,148927,51],{"class":50},[40,148929,148930],{"class":54}," ()\n",[40,148932,148933,148936,148938,148940,148942],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,148934,148935],{"class":46},"one_item ",[40,148937,51],{"class":50},[40,148939,9006],{"class":54},[40,148941,682],{"class":58},[40,148943,148944],{"class":54},",)\n",[40,148946,148947,148950,148952,148955,148957,148959,148961,148963,148965,148967,148969,148971,148973,148975,148977,148979],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,148948,148949],{"class":46},"from_list ",[40,148951,51],{"class":50},[40,148953,148954],{"class":609}," tuple",[40,148956,2771],{"class":54},[40,148958,213],{"class":212},[40,148960,282],{"class":216},[40,148962,213],{"class":212},[40,148964,62],{"class":54},[40,148966,224],{"class":212},[40,148968,1017],{"class":216},[40,148970,213],{"class":212},[40,148972,62],{"class":54},[40,148974,224],{"class":212},[40,148976,1026],{"class":216},[40,148978,213],{"class":212},[40,148980,570],{"class":54},[40,148982,148983],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,148984,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,148986,148987,148989,148991,148993],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,148988,101],{"class":84},[40,148990,88],{"class":54},[40,148992,92],{"class":91},[40,148994,95],{"class":54},[40,148996,148997,148999,149001,149003],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,148998,101],{"class":84},[40,149000,88],{"class":54},[40,149002,124503],{"class":91},[40,149004,95],{"class":54},[40,149006,149007,149009,149011,149014],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,149008,101],{"class":84},[40,149010,88],{"class":54},[40,149012,149013],{"class":91},"one_item",[40,149015,95],{"class":54},[40,149017,149018,149020,149022,149025],{"class":42,"line":6209},[40,149019,101],{"class":84},[40,149021,88],{"class":54},[40,149023,149024],{"class":91},"from_list",[40,149026,95],{"class":54},[20,149028,111],{},[31,149030,149032],{"className":33,"code":149031,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149033,149034,149050,149054,149062],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149035,149036,149038,149040,149042,149044,149046,149048],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149037,88],{"class":54},[40,149039,658],{"class":58},[40,149041,62],{"class":54},[40,149043,663],{"class":58},[40,149045,62],{"class":54},[40,149047,749],{"class":58},[40,149049,95],{"class":54},[40,149051,149052],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,149053,8413],{"class":54},[40,149055,149056,149058,149060],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,149057,88],{"class":54},[40,149059,682],{"class":58},[40,149061,148944],{"class":54},[40,149063,149064,149066,149068,149070,149072,149074,149076,149078,149080,149082,149084,149086,149088],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,149065,88],{"class":54},[40,149067,3087],{"class":212},[40,149069,282],{"class":216},[40,149071,3087],{"class":212},[40,149073,62],{"class":54},[40,149075,3082],{"class":212},[40,149077,1017],{"class":216},[40,149079,3087],{"class":212},[40,149081,62],{"class":54},[40,149083,3082],{"class":212},[40,149085,1026],{"class":216},[40,149087,3087],{"class":212},[40,149089,95],{"class":54},[20,149091,149092,149093,289],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149094,149095],{},"(5,)",[129,149097,132],{"id":131},[134,149099,149100,149103,149106,149109,149112,149115],{},[137,149101,149102],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[137,149104,149105],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[137,149107,149108],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[137,149110,149111],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[137,149113,149114],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[137,149116,149117],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[129,149119,149121],{"id":149120},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149123,149124],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149126,149127],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[31,149129,149131],{"className":33,"code":149130,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149132,149133,149153],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149134,149135,149137,149139,149141,149143,149145,149147,149149,149151],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149136,47],{"class":46},[40,149138,51],{"class":50},[40,149140,9006],{"class":54},[40,149142,658],{"class":58},[40,149144,62],{"class":54},[40,149146,663],{"class":58},[40,149148,62],{"class":54},[40,149150,749],{"class":58},[40,149152,95],{"class":54},[40,149154,149155,149157,149159,149161],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,149156,101],{"class":84},[40,149158,88],{"class":54},[40,149160,92],{"class":91},[40,149162,95],{"class":54},[20,149164,111],{},[31,149166,149168],{"className":33,"code":149167,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149169,149170],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149171,149172,149174,149176,149178,149180,149182,149184],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149173,88],{"class":54},[40,149175,658],{"class":58},[40,149177,62],{"class":54},[40,149179,663],{"class":58},[40,149181,62],{"class":54},[40,149183,749],{"class":58},[40,149185,95],{"class":54},[20,149187,149188],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[31,149190,149192],{"className":33,"code":149191,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149193,149194,149218],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149195,149196,149198,149200,149202,149204,149206,149208,149210,149212,149214,149216],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149197,650],{"class":46},[40,149199,51],{"class":50},[40,149201,9006],{"class":54},[40,149203,658],{"class":58},[40,149205,62],{"class":54},[40,149207,224],{"class":212},[40,149209,3862],{"class":216},[40,149211,213],{"class":212},[40,149213,62],{"class":54},[40,149215,3700],{"class":1494},[40,149217,95],{"class":54},[40,149219,149220,149222,149224,149226],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,149221,101],{"class":84},[40,149223,88],{"class":54},[40,149225,703],{"class":91},[40,149227,95],{"class":54},[20,149229,111],{},[31,149231,149233],{"className":33,"code":149232,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149234,149235],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149236,149237,149239,149241,149243,149245,149247,149249,149251,149253],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149238,88],{"class":54},[40,149240,658],{"class":58},[40,149242,62],{"class":54},[40,149244,3082],{"class":212},[40,149246,3862],{"class":216},[40,149248,3087],{"class":212},[40,149250,62],{"class":54},[40,149252,3700],{"class":1494},[40,149254,95],{"class":54},[20,149256,149257,149258,289],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[282,149259,149261],{"href":149260},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[129,149263,149265],{"id":149264},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149267,149268],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[31,149270,149272],{"className":33,"code":149271,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149273,149274,149282,149292],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149275,149276,149278,149280],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149277,124452],{"class":46},[40,149279,51],{"class":50},[40,149281,148930],{"class":54},[40,149283,149284,149286,149288,149290],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,149285,101],{"class":84},[40,149287,88],{"class":54},[40,149289,124503],{"class":91},[40,149291,95],{"class":54},[40,149293,149294,149296,149298,149300,149302,149304],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,149295,101],{"class":84},[40,149297,88],{"class":54},[40,149299,1297],{"class":609},[40,149301,88],{"class":54},[40,149303,124503],{"class":91},[40,149305,256],{"class":54},[20,149307,111],{},[31,149309,149311],{"className":33,"code":149310,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149312,149313,149317],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149314,149315],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149316,8413],{"class":54},[40,149318,149319,149321,149323,149325,149327,149329],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,149320,3076],{"class":50},[40,149322,3079],{"class":1848},[40,149324,3082],{"class":212},[40,149326,48705],{"class":216},[40,149328,3087],{"class":212},[40,149330,3090],{"class":50},[20,149332,149333],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149335,149336],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[134,149338,149339,149344],{},[137,149340,149341,149342],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149343,7143],{},[137,149345,149346,149347],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149348,3574],{},[20,149350,149351,149352,289],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[282,149353,149354],{"href":56896},"Python list: creating a list",[129,149356,149358],{"id":149357},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149360,149361],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149363,149364,149365,149367],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[183,149366,185],{}," automatically a tuple:",[31,149369,149371],{"className":33,"code":149370,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149372,149373,149385,149395],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149374,149375,149377,149379,149381,149383],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149376,2230],{"class":46},[40,149378,51],{"class":50},[40,149380,9006],{"class":54},[40,149382,682],{"class":58},[40,149384,95],{"class":54},[40,149386,149387,149389,149391,149393],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,149388,101],{"class":84},[40,149390,88],{"class":54},[40,149392,2255],{"class":91},[40,149394,95],{"class":54},[40,149396,149397,149399,149401,149403,149405,149407],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,149398,101],{"class":84},[40,149400,88],{"class":54},[40,149402,1297],{"class":609},[40,149404,88],{"class":54},[40,149406,2255],{"class":91},[40,149408,256],{"class":54},[20,149410,111],{},[31,149412,149414],{"className":33,"code":149413,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149415,149416,149420],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149417,149418],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149419,2732],{"class":58},[40,149421,149422,149424,149426,149428,149430,149432],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,149423,3076],{"class":50},[40,149425,3079],{"class":1848},[40,149427,3082],{"class":212},[40,149429,1972],{"class":216},[40,149431,3087],{"class":212},[40,149433,3090],{"class":50},[20,149435,149436],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[31,149438,149440],{"className":33,"code":149439,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149441,149442,149454,149464],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149443,149444,149446,149448,149450,149452],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149445,148935],{"class":46},[40,149447,51],{"class":50},[40,149449,9006],{"class":54},[40,149451,682],{"class":58},[40,149453,148944],{"class":54},[40,149455,149456,149458,149460,149462],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,149457,101],{"class":84},[40,149459,88],{"class":54},[40,149461,149013],{"class":91},[40,149463,95],{"class":54},[40,149465,149466,149468,149470,149472,149474,149476],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,149467,101],{"class":84},[40,149469,88],{"class":54},[40,149471,1297],{"class":609},[40,149473,88],{"class":54},[40,149475,149013],{"class":91},[40,149477,256],{"class":54},[20,149479,111],{},[31,149481,149483],{"className":33,"code":149482,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149484,149485,149493],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149486,149487,149489,149491],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149488,88],{"class":54},[40,149490,682],{"class":58},[40,149492,148944],{"class":54},[40,149494,149495,149497,149499,149501,149503,149505],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,149496,3076],{"class":50},[40,149498,3079],{"class":1848},[40,149500,3082],{"class":212},[40,149502,48705],{"class":216},[40,149504,3087],{"class":212},[40,149506,3090],{"class":50},[20,149508,850],{},[31,149510,149512],{"className":33,"code":149511,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149513,149514],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149515,149516,149518,149520,149522,149524],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149517,88],{"class":54},[40,149519,213],{"class":212},[40,149521,3862],{"class":216},[40,149523,213],{"class":212},[40,149525,148944],{"class":54},[20,149527,807],{},[31,149529,149531],{"className":33,"code":149530,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149532,149533],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149534,149535,149537,149539,149541,149543],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149536,88],{"class":54},[40,149538,213],{"class":212},[40,149540,3862],{"class":216},[40,149542,213],{"class":212},[40,149544,95],{"class":54},[20,149546,149547],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[129,149549,149551],{"id":149550},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149553,149554],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[792,149556,56204],{"id":92},[31,149558,149559],{"className":33,"code":149130,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,149560,149561,149581],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149562,149563,149565,149567,149569,149571,149573,149575,149577,149579],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149564,47],{"class":46},[40,149566,51],{"class":50},[40,149568,9006],{"class":54},[40,149570,658],{"class":58},[40,149572,62],{"class":54},[40,149574,663],{"class":58},[40,149576,62],{"class":54},[40,149578,749],{"class":58},[40,149580,95],{"class":54},[40,149582,149583,149585,149587,149589],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,149584,101],{"class":84},[40,149586,88],{"class":54},[40,149588,92],{"class":91},[40,149590,95],{"class":54},[792,149592,56207],{"id":5087},[31,149594,149596],{"className":33,"code":149595,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149597,149598,149630],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149599,149600,149602,149604,149606,149608,149610,149612,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622,149624,149626,149628],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149601,309],{"class":46},[40,149603,51],{"class":50},[40,149605,9006],{"class":54},[40,149607,213],{"class":212},[40,149609,318],{"class":216},[40,149611,213],{"class":212},[40,149613,62],{"class":54},[40,149615,224],{"class":212},[40,149617,327],{"class":216},[40,149619,213],{"class":212},[40,149621,62],{"class":54},[40,149623,224],{"class":212},[40,149625,336],{"class":216},[40,149627,213],{"class":212},[40,149629,95],{"class":54},[40,149631,149632,149634,149636,149638],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,149633,101],{"class":84},[40,149635,88],{"class":54},[40,149637,353],{"class":91},[40,149639,95],{"class":54},[792,149641,149643],{"id":149642},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[31,149645,149647],{"className":33,"code":149646,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149648,149649,149673],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149650,149651,149653,149655,149657,149659,149661,149663,149665,149667,149669,149671],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149652,731],{"class":46},[40,149654,51],{"class":50},[40,149656,9006],{"class":54},[40,149658,658],{"class":58},[40,149660,62],{"class":54},[40,149662,224],{"class":212},[40,149664,3862],{"class":216},[40,149666,213],{"class":212},[40,149668,62],{"class":54},[40,149670,3700],{"class":1494},[40,149672,95],{"class":54},[40,149674,149675,149677,149679,149681],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,149676,101],{"class":84},[40,149678,88],{"class":54},[40,149680,768],{"class":91},[40,149682,95],{"class":54},[792,149684,149686],{"id":149685},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149688,149689],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[31,149691,149693],{"className":33,"code":149692,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149694,149695,149736],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149696,149697,149700,149702,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714,149716,149718,149720,149722,149724,149726,149728,149730,149732,149734],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149698,149699],{"class":46},"nested ",[40,149701,51],{"class":50},[40,149703,9006],{"class":54},[40,149705,658],{"class":58},[40,149707,62],{"class":54},[40,149709,9006],{"class":54},[40,149711,213],{"class":212},[40,149713,282],{"class":216},[40,149715,213],{"class":212},[40,149717,62],{"class":54},[40,149719,224],{"class":212},[40,149721,1017],{"class":216},[40,149723,213],{"class":212},[40,149725,9003],{"class":54},[40,149727,55],{"class":54},[40,149729,59],{"class":58},[40,149731,62],{"class":54},[40,149733,65],{"class":58},[40,149735,570],{"class":54},[40,149737,149738,149740,149742,149745],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,149739,101],{"class":84},[40,149741,88],{"class":54},[40,149743,149744],{"class":91},"nested",[40,149746,95],{"class":54},[20,149748,111],{},[31,149750,149752],{"className":33,"code":149751,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149753,149754],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149755,149756,149758,149760,149762,149764,149766,149768,149770,149772,149774,149776,149778,149780,149782,149784,149786,149788],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149757,88],{"class":54},[40,149759,658],{"class":58},[40,149761,62],{"class":54},[40,149763,9006],{"class":54},[40,149765,3087],{"class":212},[40,149767,282],{"class":216},[40,149769,3087],{"class":212},[40,149771,62],{"class":54},[40,149773,3082],{"class":212},[40,149775,1017],{"class":216},[40,149777,3087],{"class":212},[40,149779,9003],{"class":54},[40,149781,55],{"class":54},[40,149783,59],{"class":58},[40,149785,62],{"class":54},[40,149787,65],{"class":58},[40,149789,570],{"class":54},[129,149791,149793,149794],{"id":149792},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149795,37802],{},[20,149797,149798,149799,149801],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149800,37802],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149803,149804,149805,289],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[282,149806,62957],{"href":62956},[792,149808,104847],{"id":104846},[31,149810,149812],{"className":33,"code":149811,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149813,149814,149836],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149815,149816,149818,149820,149822,149824,149826,149828,149830,149832,149834],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149817,47],{"class":46},[40,149819,51],{"class":50},[40,149821,148954],{"class":609},[40,149823,2771],{"class":54},[40,149825,658],{"class":58},[40,149827,62],{"class":54},[40,149829,663],{"class":58},[40,149831,62],{"class":54},[40,149833,749],{"class":58},[40,149835,570],{"class":54},[40,149837,149838,149840,149842,149844],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,149839,101],{"class":84},[40,149841,88],{"class":54},[40,149843,92],{"class":91},[40,149845,95],{"class":54},[20,149847,111],{},[31,149849,149850],{"className":33,"code":149167,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,149851,149852],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149853,149854,149856,149858,149860,149862,149864,149866],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149855,88],{"class":54},[40,149857,658],{"class":58},[40,149859,62],{"class":54},[40,149861,663],{"class":58},[40,149863,62],{"class":54},[40,149865,749],{"class":58},[40,149867,95],{"class":54},[792,149869,105033],{"id":105032},[31,149871,149873],{"className":33,"code":149872,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149874,149875,149893],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149876,149877,149879,149881,149883,149885,149887,149889,149891],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149878,1000],{"class":46},[40,149880,51],{"class":50},[40,149882,148954],{"class":609},[40,149884,88],{"class":54},[40,149886,213],{"class":212},[40,149888,41313],{"class":216},[40,149890,213],{"class":212},[40,149892,95],{"class":54},[40,149894,149895,149897,149899,149901],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,149896,101],{"class":84},[40,149898,88],{"class":54},[40,149900,1043],{"class":91},[40,149902,95],{"class":54},[20,149904,111],{},[31,149906,149908],{"className":33,"code":149907,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149909,149910],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149911,149912,149914,149916,149918,149920,149922,149924,149926,149928,149930,149932,149934,149936],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149913,88],{"class":54},[40,149915,3087],{"class":212},[40,149917,282],{"class":216},[40,149919,3087],{"class":212},[40,149921,62],{"class":54},[40,149923,3082],{"class":212},[40,149925,1017],{"class":216},[40,149927,3087],{"class":212},[40,149929,62],{"class":54},[40,149931,3082],{"class":212},[40,149933,1026],{"class":216},[40,149935,3087],{"class":212},[40,149937,95],{"class":54},[20,149939,149940],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[792,149942,149944],{"id":149943},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[31,149946,149948],{"className":33,"code":149947,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149949,149950,149968],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149951,149952,149954,149956,149958,149960,149962,149964,149966],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149953,3610],{"class":46},[40,149955,51],{"class":50},[40,149957,148954],{"class":609},[40,149959,88],{"class":54},[40,149961,59738],{"class":84},[40,149963,88],{"class":54},[40,149965,2288],{"class":58},[40,149967,256],{"class":54},[40,149969,149970,149972,149974,149976],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,149971,101],{"class":84},[40,149973,88],{"class":54},[40,149975,5137],{"class":91},[40,149977,95],{"class":54},[20,149979,111],{},[31,149981,149983],{"className":33,"code":149982,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149984,149985],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,149986,149987,149989,149991,149993,149995,149997,149999,150001,150003],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,149988,88],{"class":54},[40,149990,192],{"class":58},[40,149992,62],{"class":54},[40,149994,1226],{"class":58},[40,149996,62],{"class":54},[40,149998,663],{"class":58},[40,150000,62],{"class":54},[40,150002,749],{"class":58},[40,150004,95],{"class":54},[20,150006,150007],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[129,150009,20562],{"id":20561},[134,150011,150012,150015,150018,150021],{},[137,150013,150014],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[137,150016,150017],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[137,150019,150020],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[137,150022,150023],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150025,150026,150027,289],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[282,150028,150030],{"href":150029},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[129,150032,2613],{"id":2612},[20,150034,150035],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[792,150037,150039],{"id":150038},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150041,150042],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[31,150044,150046],{"className":33,"code":150045,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150047,150048,150064],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150049,150050,150052,150054,150056,150058,150060,150062],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150051,28298],{"class":46},[40,150053,51],{"class":50},[40,150055,9006],{"class":54},[40,150057,213],{"class":212},[40,150059,3862],{"class":216},[40,150061,213],{"class":212},[40,150063,95],{"class":54},[40,150065,150066,150068,150070,150072,150074,150076],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,150067,101],{"class":84},[40,150069,88],{"class":54},[40,150071,1297],{"class":609},[40,150073,88],{"class":54},[40,150075,23072],{"class":91},[40,150077,256],{"class":54},[20,150079,150080],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[31,150082,150084],{"className":33,"code":150083,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150085,150086,150102],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150087,150088,150090,150092,150094,150096,150098,150100],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150089,28298],{"class":46},[40,150091,51],{"class":50},[40,150093,9006],{"class":54},[40,150095,213],{"class":212},[40,150097,3862],{"class":216},[40,150099,213],{"class":212},[40,150101,148944],{"class":54},[40,150103,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,150105,101],{"class":84},[40,150107,88],{"class":54},[40,150109,1297],{"class":609},[40,150111,88],{"class":54},[40,150113,23072],{"class":91},[40,150115,256],{"class":54},[792,150117,150119],{"id":150118},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150121,150122],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[31,150124,150126],{"className":33,"code":150125,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150127,150128,150148],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150129,150130,150132,150134,150136,150138,150140,150142,150144,150146],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150131,3610],{"class":46},[40,150133,51],{"class":50},[40,150135,55],{"class":54},[40,150137,658],{"class":58},[40,150139,62],{"class":54},[40,150141,663],{"class":58},[40,150143,62],{"class":54},[40,150145,749],{"class":58},[40,150147,73],{"class":54},[40,150149,150150,150152,150154,150156,150158,150160],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,150151,101],{"class":84},[40,150153,88],{"class":54},[40,150155,1297],{"class":609},[40,150157,88],{"class":54},[40,150159,5137],{"class":91},[40,150161,256],{"class":54},[20,150163,150164],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[31,150166,150168],{"className":33,"code":150167,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150169,150170,150190],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150171,150172,150174,150176,150178,150180,150182,150184,150186,150188],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150173,3610],{"class":46},[40,150175,51],{"class":50},[40,150177,9006],{"class":54},[40,150179,658],{"class":58},[40,150181,62],{"class":54},[40,150183,663],{"class":58},[40,150185,62],{"class":54},[40,150187,749],{"class":58},[40,150189,95],{"class":54},[40,150191,150192,150194,150196,150198,150200,150202],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,150193,101],{"class":84},[40,150195,88],{"class":54},[40,150197,1297],{"class":609},[40,150199,88],{"class":54},[40,150201,5137],{"class":91},[40,150203,256],{"class":54},[792,150205,150207],{"id":150206},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150209,150020],{},[31,150211,150213],{"className":33,"code":150212,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150214,150215,150235],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150216,150217,150219,150221,150223,150225,150227,150229,150231,150233],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150218,47],{"class":46},[40,150220,51],{"class":50},[40,150222,9006],{"class":54},[40,150224,658],{"class":58},[40,150226,62],{"class":54},[40,150228,663],{"class":58},[40,150230,62],{"class":54},[40,150232,749],{"class":58},[40,150234,95],{"class":54},[40,150236,150237],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,150238,150239],{"class":3449},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150241,150242],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[792,150244,36960,150246,150249],{"id":150245},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150247,150248],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150251,64383],{},[31,150253,150254],{"className":33,"code":149872,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,150255,150256,150274],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150257,150258,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150259,1000],{"class":46},[40,150261,51],{"class":50},[40,150263,148954],{"class":609},[40,150265,88],{"class":54},[40,150267,213],{"class":212},[40,150269,41313],{"class":216},[40,150271,213],{"class":212},[40,150273,95],{"class":54},[40,150275,150276,150278,150280,150282],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,150277,101],{"class":84},[40,150279,88],{"class":54},[40,150281,1043],{"class":91},[40,150283,95],{"class":54},[20,150285,150286],{},"gives:",[31,150288,150289],{"className":33,"code":149907,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,150290,150291],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150292,150293,150295,150297,150299,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311,150313,150315,150317],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150294,88],{"class":54},[40,150296,3087],{"class":212},[40,150298,282],{"class":216},[40,150300,3087],{"class":212},[40,150302,62],{"class":54},[40,150304,3082],{"class":212},[40,150306,1017],{"class":216},[40,150308,3087],{"class":212},[40,150310,62],{"class":54},[40,150312,3082],{"class":212},[40,150314,1026],{"class":216},[40,150316,3087],{"class":212},[40,150318,95],{"class":54},[20,150320,150321],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[31,150323,150325],{"className":33,"code":150324,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150326,150327,150343],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150328,150329,150331,150333,150335,150337,150339,150341],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150330,5931],{"class":46},[40,150332,51],{"class":50},[40,150334,9006],{"class":54},[40,150336,213],{"class":212},[40,150338,41313],{"class":216},[40,150340,213],{"class":212},[40,150342,148944],{"class":54},[40,150344,150345,150347,150349,150351],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,150346,101],{"class":84},[40,150348,88],{"class":54},[40,150350,38146],{"class":91},[40,150352,95],{"class":54},[20,150354,111],{},[31,150356,150358],{"className":33,"code":150357,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('abc',)\n",[15,150359,150360],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150361,150362,150364,150366,150368,150370],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150363,88],{"class":54},[40,150365,3087],{"class":212},[40,150367,41313],{"class":216},[40,150369,3087],{"class":212},[40,150371,148944],{"class":54},[792,150373,150375],{"id":150374},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150377,150378],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[31,150380,150382],{"className":33,"code":150381,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150383,150384,150401,150405,150415,150429],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150385,150386,150389,150391,150393,150395,150397,150399],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150387,150388],{"class":46},"my_tuple ",[40,150390,51],{"class":50},[40,150392,9006],{"class":54},[40,150394,213],{"class":212},[40,150396,3862],{"class":216},[40,150398,213],{"class":212},[40,150400,148944],{"class":54},[40,150402,150403],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,150404,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,150406,150407,150409,150411,150413],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,150408,101],{"class":84},[40,150410,88],{"class":54},[40,150412,147606],{"class":91},[40,150414,95],{"class":54},[40,150416,150417,150419,150421,150423,150425,150427],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,150418,101],{"class":84},[40,150420,88],{"class":54},[40,150422,1297],{"class":609},[40,150424,88],{"class":54},[40,150426,147606],{"class":91},[40,150428,256],{"class":54},[40,150430,150431,150433,150435,150437,150439,150441],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,150432,101],{"class":84},[40,150434,88],{"class":54},[40,150436,17],{"class":84},[40,150438,88],{"class":54},[40,150440,147606],{"class":91},[40,150442,256],{"class":54},[129,150444,1636],{"id":1635},[792,150446,150448],{"id":150447},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150450,150451,150452,150455],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150453,150454],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[792,150457,150459],{"id":150458},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150461,150462],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[792,150464,150466],{"id":150465},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150468,150469],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[792,150471,150473],{"id":150472},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150475,150476],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[792,150478,1650,150480,1654],{"id":150479},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150481,150248],{},[20,150483,1657,150484,150487],{},[15,150485,150486],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[129,150489,1687],{"id":1686},[134,150491,150492,150496,150500,150506,150511,150516,150520],{},[137,150493,150494],{},[282,150495,147588],{"href":147587},[137,150497,150498],{},[282,150499,149261],{"href":149260},[137,150501,150502],{},[282,150503,150505],{"href":150504},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[137,150507,150508],{},[282,150509,150510],{"href":148826},"Python tuple length with len()",[137,150512,150513],{},[282,150514,150515],{"href":148891},"What is a tuple in Python?",[137,150517,150518],{},[282,150519,62957],{"href":62956},[137,150521,150522],{},[282,150523,150524],{"href":150029},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1715,150526,150527],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":150529},[150530,150531,150532,150533,150534,150535,150541,150547,150548,150556,150564],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":131,"depth":76,"text":132},{"id":149120,"depth":76,"text":149121},{"id":149264,"depth":76,"text":149265},{"id":149357,"depth":76,"text":149358},{"id":149550,"depth":76,"text":149551,"children":150536},[150537,150538,150539,150540],{"id":92,"depth":98,"text":56204},{"id":5087,"depth":98,"text":56207},{"id":149642,"depth":98,"text":149643},{"id":149685,"depth":98,"text":149686},{"id":149792,"depth":76,"text":150542,"children":150543},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150544,150545,150546],{"id":104846,"depth":98,"text":104847},{"id":105032,"depth":98,"text":105033},{"id":149943,"depth":98,"text":149944},{"id":20561,"depth":76,"text":20562},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":150549},[150550,150551,150552,150553,150555],{"id":150038,"depth":98,"text":150039},{"id":150118,"depth":98,"text":150119},{"id":150206,"depth":98,"text":150207},{"id":150245,"depth":98,"text":150554},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150374,"depth":98,"text":150375},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":150557},[150558,150559,150560,150561,150562],{"id":150447,"depth":98,"text":150448},{"id":150458,"depth":98,"text":150459},{"id":150465,"depth":98,"text":150466},{"id":150472,"depth":98,"text":150473},{"id":150479,"depth":98,"text":150563},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148877,"description":150565},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150572,"title":150573,"body":150574,"description":152119,"extension":1746,"meta":152120,"navigation":360,"path":152121,"seo":152122,"stem":152123,"__hash__":152124},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150575,"toc":152089},[150576,150579,150584,150586,150599,150605,150607,150674,150676,150711,150716,150720,150724,150726,150737,150745,150747,150749,150770,150772,150792,150795,150797,150802,150845,150847,150869,150872,150885,150889,150893,150896,150949,150951,150972,150977,150981,150984,151029,151031,151064,151076,151080,151088,151125,151127,151156,151160,151163,151216,151218,151238,151245,151249,151254,151323,151325,151350,151354,151357,151363,151440,151442,151501,151503,151515,151520,151524,151528,151542,151544,151579,151581,151598,151601,151614,151618,151622,151633,151638,151653,151656,151659,151661,151664,151668,151670,151684,151686,151710,151715,151719,151722,151741,151744,151793,151798,151815,151818,151851,151855,151857,151908,151911,151936,151939,151962,151966,151972,151974,152009,152012,152017,152019,152023,152026,152030,152035,152039,152042,152046,152049,152053,152058,152060,152086],[10,150577,150573],{"id":150578},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150580,8894,150581,150583],{},[15,150582,37802],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150585,82188],{},[134,150587,150588,150593],{},[137,150589,150590,150592],{},[15,150591,37802],{}," creates an empty tuple",[137,150594,150595,150598],{},[15,150596,150597],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150600,150601,150602,150604],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150603,37802],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[129,150606,1787],{"id":1786},[31,150608,150610],{"className":33,"code":150609,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150611,150612,150632,150646,150650,150660],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150613,150614,150616,150618,150620,150622,150624,150626,150628,150630],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150615,47],{"class":46},[40,150617,51],{"class":50},[40,150619,55],{"class":54},[40,150621,658],{"class":58},[40,150623,62],{"class":54},[40,150625,663],{"class":58},[40,150627,62],{"class":54},[40,150629,749],{"class":58},[40,150631,73],{"class":54},[40,150633,150634,150636,150638,150640,150642,150644],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,150635,2013],{"class":46},[40,150637,51],{"class":50},[40,150639,148954],{"class":609},[40,150641,88],{"class":54},[40,150643,92],{"class":91},[40,150645,95],{"class":54},[40,150647,150648],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,150649,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,150651,150652,150654,150656,150658],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,150653,101],{"class":84},[40,150655,88],{"class":54},[40,150657,2048],{"class":91},[40,150659,95],{"class":54},[40,150661,150662,150664,150666,150668,150670,150672],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,150663,101],{"class":84},[40,150665,88],{"class":54},[40,150667,1297],{"class":609},[40,150669,88],{"class":54},[40,150671,2048],{"class":91},[40,150673,256],{"class":54},[20,150675,111],{},[31,150677,150679],{"className":33,"code":150678,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150680,150681,150697],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150682,150683,150685,150687,150689,150691,150693,150695],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150684,88],{"class":54},[40,150686,658],{"class":58},[40,150688,62],{"class":54},[40,150690,663],{"class":58},[40,150692,62],{"class":54},[40,150694,749],{"class":58},[40,150696,95],{"class":54},[40,150698,150699,150701,150703,150705,150707,150709],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,150700,3076],{"class":50},[40,150702,3079],{"class":1848},[40,150704,3082],{"class":212},[40,150706,48705],{"class":216},[40,150708,3087],{"class":212},[40,150710,3090],{"class":50},[20,150712,123,150713,150715],{},[15,150714,150597],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[129,150717,150719],{"id":150718},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150721,150722,62665],{},[15,150723,37802],{},[20,150725,48679],{},[134,150727,150728,150731,150734],{},[137,150729,150730],{},"creates a tuple object",[137,150732,150733],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[137,150735,150736],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150738,150739,150740,150742,150743,289],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[282,150741,148892],{"href":148891}," or the full guide to ",[282,150744,147588],{"href":147587},[129,150746,1940],{"id":1939},[20,150748,26248],{},[31,150750,150752],{"className":33,"code":150751,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150753,150754,150760],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150755,150756,150758],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150757,48705],{"class":609},[40,150759,8413],{"class":54},[40,150761,150762,150764,150766,150768],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,150763,48705],{"class":609},[40,150765,88],{"class":54},[40,150767,3507],{"class":91},[40,150769,95],{"class":54},[20,150771,11228],{},[134,150773,150774,150777],{},[137,150775,150776],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[137,150778,150779,150780],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[134,150781,150782,150784,150786,150788,150790],{},[137,150783,5078],{},[137,150785,5087],{},[137,150787,62736],{},[137,150789,5084],{},[137,150791,7028],{},[20,150793,150794],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[129,150796,149265],{"id":149264},[20,150798,29410,150799,150801],{},[15,150800,37802],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[31,150803,150805],{"className":33,"code":150804,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150806,150807,150817,150821,150831],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150808,150809,150811,150813,150815],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150810,124452],{"class":46},[40,150812,51],{"class":50},[40,150814,148954],{"class":609},[40,150816,8413],{"class":54},[40,150818,150819],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,150820,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,150822,150823,150825,150827,150829],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,150824,101],{"class":84},[40,150826,88],{"class":54},[40,150828,124503],{"class":91},[40,150830,95],{"class":54},[40,150832,150833,150835,150837,150839,150841,150843],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,150834,101],{"class":84},[40,150836,88],{"class":54},[40,150838,1297],{"class":609},[40,150840,88],{"class":54},[40,150842,124503],{"class":91},[40,150844,256],{"class":54},[20,150846,111],{},[31,150848,150849],{"className":33,"code":149310,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,150850,150851,150855],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150852,150853],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150854,8413],{"class":54},[40,150856,150857,150859,150861,150863,150865,150867],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,150858,3076],{"class":50},[40,150860,3079],{"class":1848},[40,150862,3082],{"class":212},[40,150864,48705],{"class":216},[40,150866,3087],{"class":212},[40,150868,3090],{"class":50},[20,150870,150871],{},"This is equivalent to:",[31,150873,150875],{"className":33,"code":150874,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty = ()\n",[15,150876,150877],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150878,150879,150881,150883],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150880,124452],{"class":46},[40,150882,51],{"class":50},[40,150884,148930],{"class":54},[129,150886,150888],{"id":150887},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[792,150890,150892],{"id":150891},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150894,150895],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[31,150897,150899],{"className":33,"code":150898,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150900,150901,150921,150935,150939],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150902,150903,150905,150907,150909,150911,150913,150915,150917,150919],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150904,47],{"class":46},[40,150906,51],{"class":50},[40,150908,55],{"class":54},[40,150910,59],{"class":58},[40,150912,62],{"class":54},[40,150914,65],{"class":58},[40,150916,62],{"class":54},[40,150918,70],{"class":58},[40,150920,73],{"class":54},[40,150922,150923,150925,150927,150929,150931,150933],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,150924,2013],{"class":46},[40,150926,51],{"class":50},[40,150928,148954],{"class":609},[40,150930,88],{"class":54},[40,150932,92],{"class":91},[40,150934,95],{"class":54},[40,150936,150937],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,150938,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,150940,150941,150943,150945,150947],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,150942,101],{"class":84},[40,150944,88],{"class":54},[40,150946,2048],{"class":91},[40,150948,95],{"class":54},[20,150950,111],{},[31,150952,150954],{"className":33,"code":150953,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150955,150956],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150957,150958,150960,150962,150964,150966,150968,150970],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150959,88],{"class":54},[40,150961,59],{"class":58},[40,150963,62],{"class":54},[40,150965,65],{"class":58},[40,150967,62],{"class":54},[40,150969,70],{"class":58},[40,150971,95],{"class":54},[20,150973,150974,150975,289],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[282,150976,104652],{"href":59795},[792,150978,150980],{"id":150979},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150982,150983],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[31,150985,150987],{"className":33,"code":150986,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150988,150989,151001,151015,151019],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,150990,150991,150993,150995,150997,150999],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,150992,34450],{"class":46},[40,150994,51],{"class":50},[40,150996,224],{"class":212},[40,150998,217],{"class":216},[40,151000,3146],{"class":212},[40,151002,151003,151005,151007,151009,151011,151013],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,151004,2013],{"class":46},[40,151006,51],{"class":50},[40,151008,148954],{"class":609},[40,151010,88],{"class":54},[40,151012,34471],{"class":91},[40,151014,95],{"class":54},[40,151016,151017],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,151018,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,151020,151021,151023,151025,151027],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,151022,101],{"class":84},[40,151024,88],{"class":54},[40,151026,2048],{"class":91},[40,151028,95],{"class":54},[20,151030,111],{},[31,151032,151034],{"className":33,"code":151033,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151035,151036],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151037,151038,151040,151042,151044,151046,151048,151050,151052,151054,151056,151058,151060,151062],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151039,88],{"class":54},[40,151041,3087],{"class":212},[40,151043,1026],{"class":216},[40,151045,3087],{"class":212},[40,151047,62],{"class":54},[40,151049,3082],{"class":212},[40,151051,282],{"class":216},[40,151053,3087],{"class":212},[40,151055,62],{"class":54},[40,151057,3082],{"class":212},[40,151059,63026],{"class":216},[40,151061,3087],{"class":212},[40,151063,95],{"class":54},[20,151065,151066,151067,13821,151070,151072,151073,289],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151068,151069],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[183,151071,185],{}," create ",[15,151074,151075],{},"('cat',)",[792,151077,151079],{"id":151078},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151081,151082,151084,151085,151087],{},[15,151083,35954],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151086,37802],{}," collects them all.",[31,151089,151091],{"className":33,"code":151090,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151092,151093,151111,151115],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151094,151095,151097,151099,151101,151103,151105,151107,151109],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151096,2013],{"class":46},[40,151098,51],{"class":50},[40,151100,148954],{"class":609},[40,151102,88],{"class":54},[40,151104,59738],{"class":84},[40,151106,88],{"class":54},[40,151108,682],{"class":58},[40,151110,256],{"class":54},[40,151112,151113],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,151114,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,151116,151117,151119,151121,151123],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,151118,101],{"class":84},[40,151120,88],{"class":54},[40,151122,2048],{"class":91},[40,151124,95],{"class":54},[20,151126,111],{},[31,151128,151130],{"className":33,"code":151129,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151131,151132],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151133,151134,151136,151138,151140,151142,151144,151146,151148,151150,151152,151154],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151135,88],{"class":54},[40,151137,192],{"class":58},[40,151139,62],{"class":54},[40,151141,1226],{"class":58},[40,151143,62],{"class":54},[40,151145,663],{"class":58},[40,151147,62],{"class":54},[40,151149,749],{"class":58},[40,151151,62],{"class":54},[40,151153,675],{"class":58},[40,151155,95],{"class":54},[792,151157,151159],{"id":151158},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151161,151162],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[31,151164,151166],{"className":33,"code":151165,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151167,151168,151188,151202,151206],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151169,151170,151172,151174,151176,151178,151180,151182,151184,151186],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151171,3610],{"class":46},[40,151173,51],{"class":50},[40,151175,10260],{"class":54},[40,151177,658],{"class":58},[40,151179,62],{"class":54},[40,151181,663],{"class":58},[40,151183,62],{"class":54},[40,151185,749],{"class":58},[40,151187,9079],{"class":54},[40,151189,151190,151192,151194,151196,151198,151200],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,151191,2013],{"class":46},[40,151193,51],{"class":50},[40,151195,148954],{"class":609},[40,151197,88],{"class":54},[40,151199,5137],{"class":91},[40,151201,95],{"class":54},[40,151203,151204],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,151205,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,151207,151208,151210,151212,151214],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,151209,101],{"class":84},[40,151211,88],{"class":54},[40,151213,2048],{"class":91},[40,151215,95],{"class":54},[20,151217,111],{},[31,151219,151220],{"className":33,"code":149167,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,151221,151222],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151223,151224,151226,151228,151230,151232,151234,151236],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151225,88],{"class":54},[40,151227,658],{"class":58},[40,151229,62],{"class":54},[40,151231,663],{"class":58},[40,151233,62],{"class":54},[40,151235,749],{"class":58},[40,151237,95],{"class":54},[20,151239,151240,151241,289],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[282,151242,151244],{"href":151243},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[792,151246,151248],{"id":151247},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151250,63279,151251,151253],{},[15,151252,37802],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[31,151255,151257],{"className":33,"code":151256,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151258,151259,151295,151309,151313],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151260,151261,151263,151265,151267,151269,151271,151273,151275,151277,151279,151281,151283,151285,151287,151289,151291,151293],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151262,12971],{"class":46},[40,151264,51],{"class":50},[40,151266,10260],{"class":54},[40,151268,213],{"class":212},[40,151270,7446],{"class":216},[40,151272,213],{"class":212},[40,151274,2669],{"class":54},[40,151276,224],{"class":212},[40,151278,1517],{"class":216},[40,151280,213],{"class":212},[40,151282,62],{"class":54},[40,151284,224],{"class":212},[40,151286,9069],{"class":216},[40,151288,213],{"class":212},[40,151290,2669],{"class":54},[40,151292,9076],{"class":58},[40,151294,9079],{"class":54},[40,151296,151297,151299,151301,151303,151305,151307],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,151298,2013],{"class":46},[40,151300,51],{"class":50},[40,151302,148954],{"class":609},[40,151304,88],{"class":54},[40,151306,17072],{"class":91},[40,151308,95],{"class":54},[40,151310,151311],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,151312,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,151314,151315,151317,151319,151321],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,151316,101],{"class":84},[40,151318,88],{"class":54},[40,151320,2048],{"class":91},[40,151322,95],{"class":54},[20,151324,29790],{},[31,151326,151328],{"className":33,"code":151327,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151329,151330],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151331,151332,151334,151336,151338,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151333,88],{"class":54},[40,151335,3087],{"class":212},[40,151337,7446],{"class":216},[40,151339,3087],{"class":212},[40,151341,62],{"class":54},[40,151343,3082],{"class":212},[40,151345,9069],{"class":216},[40,151347,3087],{"class":212},[40,151349,95],{"class":54},[129,151351,151353],{"id":151352},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151355,151356],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151358,151359,151362],{},[15,151360,151361],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[31,151364,151366],{"className":33,"code":151365,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151367,151368,151404,151408,151422],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151369,151370,151372,151374,151376,151378,151380,151382,151384,151386,151388,151390,151392,151394,151396,151398,151400,151402],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151371,12971],{"class":46},[40,151373,51],{"class":50},[40,151375,10260],{"class":54},[40,151377,213],{"class":212},[40,151379,7446],{"class":216},[40,151381,213],{"class":212},[40,151383,2669],{"class":54},[40,151385,224],{"class":212},[40,151387,1517],{"class":216},[40,151389,213],{"class":212},[40,151391,62],{"class":54},[40,151393,224],{"class":212},[40,151395,9069],{"class":216},[40,151397,213],{"class":212},[40,151399,2669],{"class":54},[40,151401,9076],{"class":58},[40,151403,9079],{"class":54},[40,151405,151406],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,151407,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,151409,151410,151412,151414,151416,151418,151420],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,151411,101],{"class":84},[40,151413,88],{"class":54},[40,151415,48705],{"class":609},[40,151417,88],{"class":54},[40,151419,17072],{"class":91},[40,151421,256],{"class":54},[40,151423,151424,151426,151428,151430,151432,151434,151436,151438],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,151425,101],{"class":84},[40,151427,88],{"class":54},[40,151429,48705],{"class":609},[40,151431,88],{"class":54},[40,151433,17072],{"class":91},[40,151435,289],{"class":54},[40,151437,497],{"class":91},[40,151439,6067],{"class":54},[20,151441,111],{},[31,151443,151445],{"className":33,"code":151444,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151446,151447,151467],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151448,151449,151451,151453,151455,151457,151459,151461,151463,151465],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151450,88],{"class":54},[40,151452,3087],{"class":212},[40,151454,7446],{"class":216},[40,151456,3087],{"class":212},[40,151458,62],{"class":54},[40,151460,3082],{"class":212},[40,151462,9069],{"class":216},[40,151464,3087],{"class":212},[40,151466,95],{"class":54},[40,151468,151469,151471,151473,151475,151477,151479,151481,151483,151485,151487,151489,151491,151493,151495,151497,151499],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,151470,5289],{"class":54},[40,151472,3087],{"class":212},[40,151474,7446],{"class":216},[40,151476,3087],{"class":212},[40,151478,62],{"class":54},[40,151480,3082],{"class":212},[40,151482,1517],{"class":216},[40,151484,3087],{"class":212},[40,151486,9003],{"class":54},[40,151488,9006],{"class":54},[40,151490,3087],{"class":212},[40,151492,9069],{"class":216},[40,151494,3087],{"class":212},[40,151496,62],{"class":54},[40,151498,9076],{"class":58},[40,151500,256],{"class":54},[20,151502,18457],{},[134,151504,151505,151510],{},[137,151506,151507,151509],{},[15,151508,151361],{}," for keys",[137,151511,151512,32318],{},[15,151513,151514],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151516,151517,151518,289],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[282,151519,63289],{"href":63288},[129,151521,151523],{"id":151522},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151525,151526,18081],{},[15,151527,37802],{},[134,151529,151530,151533,151536,151539],{},[137,151531,151532],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[137,151534,151535],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[137,151537,151538],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[137,151540,151541],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151543,195],{},[31,151545,151547],{"className":33,"code":151546,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151548,151549,151568],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151550,151551,151554,151556,151558,151560,151562,151564,151566],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151552,151553],{"class":46},"coordinates ",[40,151555,51],{"class":50},[40,151557,148954],{"class":609},[40,151559,2771],{"class":54},[40,151561,2288],{"class":58},[40,151563,62],{"class":54},[40,151565,5770],{"class":58},[40,151567,570],{"class":54},[40,151569,151570,151572,151574,151577],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,151571,101],{"class":84},[40,151573,88],{"class":54},[40,151575,151576],{"class":91},"coordinates",[40,151578,95],{"class":54},[20,151580,111],{},[31,151582,151584],{"className":33,"code":151583,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151585,151586],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151587,151588,151590,151592,151594,151596],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151589,88],{"class":54},[40,151591,2288],{"class":58},[40,151593,62],{"class":54},[40,151595,5770],{"class":58},[40,151597,95],{"class":54},[20,151599,151600],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[134,151602,151603,151605,151608,151611],{},[137,151604,151576],{},[137,151606,151607],{},"RGB colors",[137,151609,151610],{},"dates",[137,151612,151613],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[129,151615,151617],{"id":151616},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151619,44181,151620,10371],{},[15,151621,37802],{},[134,151623,151624,151627,151630],{},[137,151625,151626],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[137,151628,151629],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[137,151631,151632],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151634,116079,151635,151637],{},[183,151636,185],{}," work:",[31,151639,151641],{"className":33,"code":151640,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151642,151643],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151644,151645,151647,151649,151651],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151646,48705],{"class":609},[40,151648,88],{"class":54},[40,151650,682],{"class":58},[40,151652,95],{"class":54},[20,151654,151655],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151657,151658],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[129,151660,114917],{"id":114916},[20,151662,151663],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[792,151665,151667],{"id":151666},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151669,2620],{},[31,151671,151672],{"className":33,"code":151640,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,151673,151674],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151675,151676,151678,151680,151682],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151677,48705],{"class":609},[40,151679,88],{"class":54},[40,151681,682],{"class":58},[40,151683,95],{"class":54},[20,151685,29441],{},[31,151687,151688],{"className":33,"code":63393,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,151689,151690],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151691,151692,151694,151696,151698,151700,151702,151704,151706,151708],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151693,2790],{"class":609},[40,151695,2669],{"class":54},[40,151697,3082],{"class":212},[40,151699,1972],{"class":216},[40,151701,3087],{"class":212},[40,151703,24379],{"class":609},[40,151705,613],{"class":50},[40,151707,7872],{"class":50},[40,151709,63416],{"class":46},[20,151711,151712,151713,289],{},"If you see this, read ",[282,151714,62030],{"href":52346},[792,151716,151718],{"id":151717},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151720,151721],{},"This code:",[31,151723,151725],{"className":33,"code":151724,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151726,151727],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151728,151729,151731,151733,151735,151737,151739],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151730,48705],{"class":609},[40,151732,88],{"class":54},[40,151734,213],{"class":212},[40,151736,3632],{"class":216},[40,151738,213],{"class":212},[40,151740,95],{"class":54},[20,151742,151743],{},"returns:",[31,151745,151747],{"className":33,"code":151746,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151748,151749],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151750,151751,151753,151755,151757,151759,151761,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777,151779,151781,151783,151785,151787,151789,151791],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151752,88],{"class":54},[40,151754,3087],{"class":212},[40,151756,60178],{"class":216},[40,151758,3087],{"class":212},[40,151760,62],{"class":54},[40,151762,3082],{"class":212},[40,151764,60187],{"class":216},[40,151766,3087],{"class":212},[40,151768,62],{"class":54},[40,151770,3082],{"class":212},[40,151772,60196],{"class":216},[40,151774,3087],{"class":212},[40,151776,62],{"class":54},[40,151778,3082],{"class":212},[40,151780,60196],{"class":216},[40,151782,3087],{"class":212},[40,151784,62],{"class":54},[40,151786,3082],{"class":212},[40,151788,60213],{"class":216},[40,151790,3087],{"class":212},[40,151792,95],{"class":54},[20,151794,181,151795,151797],{},[183,151796,185],{}," return:",[31,151799,151801],{"className":33,"code":151800,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('hello',)\n",[15,151802,151803],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151804,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151806,88],{"class":54},[40,151808,3087],{"class":212},[40,151810,3632],{"class":216},[40,151812,3087],{"class":212},[40,151814,148944],{"class":54},[20,151816,151817],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[31,151819,151821],{"className":33,"code":151820,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151822,151823,151840],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151824,151825,151828,151830,151832,151834,151836,151838],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151826,151827],{"class":46},"single ",[40,151829,51],{"class":50},[40,151831,9006],{"class":54},[40,151833,213],{"class":212},[40,151835,3632],{"class":216},[40,151837,213],{"class":212},[40,151839,148944],{"class":54},[40,151841,151842,151844,151846,151849],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,151843,101],{"class":84},[40,151845,88],{"class":54},[40,151847,151848],{"class":91},"single",[40,151850,95],{"class":54},[792,151852,151854],{"id":151853},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151856,151721],{},[31,151858,151860],{"className":33,"code":151859,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151861,151862,151894],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151863,151864,151866,151868,151870,151872,151874,151876,151878,151880,151882,151884,151886,151888,151890,151892],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151865,650],{"class":46},[40,151867,51],{"class":50},[40,151869,10260],{"class":54},[40,151871,213],{"class":212},[40,151873,282],{"class":216},[40,151875,213],{"class":212},[40,151877,2669],{"class":54},[40,151879,1226],{"class":58},[40,151881,62],{"class":54},[40,151883,224],{"class":212},[40,151885,1017],{"class":216},[40,151887,213],{"class":212},[40,151889,2669],{"class":54},[40,151891,663],{"class":58},[40,151893,9079],{"class":54},[40,151895,151896,151898,151900,151902,151904,151906],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,151897,101],{"class":84},[40,151899,88],{"class":54},[40,151901,48705],{"class":609},[40,151903,88],{"class":54},[40,151905,703],{"class":91},[40,151907,256],{"class":54},[20,151909,151910],{},"returns only the keys:",[31,151912,151914],{"className":33,"code":151913,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151915,151916],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151917,151918,151920,151922,151924,151926,151928,151930,151932,151934],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151919,88],{"class":54},[40,151921,3087],{"class":212},[40,151923,282],{"class":216},[40,151925,3087],{"class":212},[40,151927,62],{"class":54},[40,151929,3082],{"class":212},[40,151931,1017],{"class":216},[40,151933,3087],{"class":212},[40,151935,95],{"class":54},[20,151937,151938],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[31,151940,151942],{"className":33,"code":151941,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151943,151944],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151945,151946,151948,151950,151952,151954,151956,151958,151960],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151947,101],{"class":84},[40,151949,88],{"class":54},[40,151951,48705],{"class":609},[40,151953,88],{"class":54},[40,151955,703],{"class":91},[40,151957,289],{"class":54},[40,151959,497],{"class":91},[40,151961,6067],{"class":54},[792,151963,151965],{"id":151964},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151967,151968,151969,151971],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151970,37802],{}," conversion.",[20,151973,5251],{},[31,151975,151977],{"className":33,"code":151976,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151978,151979,151999],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,151980,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991,151993,151995,151997],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,151982,2230],{"class":46},[40,151984,51],{"class":50},[40,151986,9006],{"class":54},[40,151988,658],{"class":58},[40,151990,62],{"class":54},[40,151992,663],{"class":58},[40,151994,62],{"class":54},[40,151996,749],{"class":58},[40,151998,95],{"class":54},[40,152000,152001,152003,152005,152007],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,152002,101],{"class":84},[40,152004,88],{"class":54},[40,152006,2255],{"class":91},[40,152008,95],{"class":54},[20,152010,152011],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152013,25268,152014,152016],{},[15,152015,37802],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[129,152018,1636],{"id":1635},[792,152020,152022],{"id":152021},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152024,152025],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[792,152027,152029],{"id":152028},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152031,152032,152033,289],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152034,7143],{},[792,152036,152038],{"id":152037},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152040,152041],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[792,152043,152045],{"id":152044},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152047,152048],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[792,152050,152052],{"id":152051},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152054,152055,152056,289],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152057,2790],{},[129,152059,1687],{"id":1686},[134,152061,152062,152066,152070,152074,152078,152082],{},[137,152063,152064],{},[282,152065,147588],{"href":147587},[137,152067,152068],{},[282,152069,150515],{"href":148891},[137,152071,152072],{},[282,152073,104652],{"href":59795},[137,152075,152076],{},[282,152077,151244],{"href":151243},[137,152079,152080],{},[282,152081,63289],{"href":63288},[137,152083,152084],{},[282,152085,62030],{"href":52346},[1715,152087,152088],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":152090},[152091,152092,152093,152094,152095,152102,152103,152104,152105,152111,152118],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":150718,"depth":76,"text":150719},{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":149264,"depth":76,"text":149265},{"id":150887,"depth":76,"text":150888,"children":152096},[152097,152098,152099,152100,152101],{"id":150891,"depth":98,"text":150892},{"id":150979,"depth":98,"text":150980},{"id":151078,"depth":98,"text":151079},{"id":151158,"depth":98,"text":151159},{"id":151247,"depth":98,"text":151248},{"id":151352,"depth":76,"text":151353},{"id":151522,"depth":76,"text":151523},{"id":151616,"depth":76,"text":151617},{"id":114916,"depth":76,"text":114917,"children":152106},[152107,152108,152109,152110],{"id":151666,"depth":98,"text":151667},{"id":151717,"depth":98,"text":151718},{"id":151853,"depth":98,"text":151854},{"id":151964,"depth":98,"text":151965},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":152112},[152113,152114,152115,152116,152117],{"id":152021,"depth":98,"text":152022},{"id":152028,"depth":98,"text":152029},{"id":152037,"depth":98,"text":152038},{"id":152044,"depth":98,"text":152045},{"id":152051,"depth":98,"text":152052},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150573,"description":152119},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152126,"title":152127,"body":152128,"description":153541,"extension":1746,"meta":153542,"navigation":360,"path":153543,"seo":153544,"stem":153545,"__hash__":153546},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152129,"toc":153513},[152130,152135,152140,152143,152145,152224,152230,152235,152239,152254,152256,152303,152305,152313,152321,152327,152329,152334,152354,152357,152384,152386,152410,152412,152554,152556,152560,152568,152571,152573,152650,152652,152660,152664,152668,152678,152688,152690,152695,152697,152756,152761,152763,152863,152865,152879,152884,152890,152897,152900,152902,153012,153016,153033,153035,153098,153100,153108,153120,153124,153129,153157,153160,153242,153244,153255,153257,153261,153288,153290,153292,153372,153380,153382,153437,153439,153444,153447,153451,153455,153457,153461,153465,153473,153480,153483,153485,153510],[10,152131,147472,152133,11091],{"id":152132},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152134,58710],{},[20,152136,152137,152139],{},[15,152138,148793],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152141,152142],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[129,152144,1787],{"id":1786},[31,152146,152148],{"className":33,"code":152147,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152149,152150,152190,152212],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152151,152152,152154,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166,152168,152170,152172,152174,152176,152178,152180,152182,152184,152186,152188],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152153,309],{"class":46},[40,152155,51],{"class":50},[40,152157,9006],{"class":54},[40,152159,213],{"class":212},[40,152161,318],{"class":216},[40,152163,213],{"class":212},[40,152165,62],{"class":54},[40,152167,224],{"class":212},[40,152169,336],{"class":216},[40,152171,213],{"class":212},[40,152173,62],{"class":54},[40,152175,224],{"class":212},[40,152177,327],{"class":216},[40,152179,213],{"class":212},[40,152181,62],{"class":54},[40,152183,224],{"class":212},[40,152185,336],{"class":216},[40,152187,213],{"class":212},[40,152189,95],{"class":54},[40,152191,152192,152194,152196,152198,152200,152202,152204,152206,152208,152210],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,152193,64659],{"class":46},[40,152195,51],{"class":50},[40,152197,12890],{"class":46},[40,152199,289],{"class":54},[40,152201,35610],{"class":91},[40,152203,88],{"class":54},[40,152205,213],{"class":212},[40,152207,336],{"class":216},[40,152209,213],{"class":212},[40,152211,95],{"class":54},[40,152213,152214,152216,152218,152220,152222],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,152215,101],{"class":84},[40,152217,88],{"class":54},[40,152219,64686],{"class":91},[40,152221,18],{"class":54},[40,152223,27540],{"class":3449},[20,152225,152226,152229],{},[15,152227,152228],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[129,152231,158,152233,3466],{"id":152232},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152234,148793],{},[20,152236,606,152237,11182],{},[15,152238,58710],{},[134,152240,152241,152244,152246,152249],{},[137,152242,152243],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[137,152245,128070],{},[137,152247,152248],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[137,152250,152251,152252],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152253,192],{},[20,152255,195],{},[31,152257,152259],{"className":33,"code":152258,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152260,152261,152285],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152262,152263,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152264,47],{"class":46},[40,152266,51],{"class":50},[40,152268,9006],{"class":54},[40,152270,59],{"class":58},[40,152272,62],{"class":54},[40,152274,65],{"class":58},[40,152276,62],{"class":54},[40,152278,70],{"class":58},[40,152280,62],{"class":54},[40,152282,65],{"class":58},[40,152284,95],{"class":54},[40,152286,152287,152289,152291,152293,152295,152297,152299,152301],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,152288,101],{"class":84},[40,152290,88],{"class":54},[40,152292,92],{"class":91},[40,152294,289],{"class":54},[40,152296,35610],{"class":91},[40,152298,88],{"class":54},[40,152300,15521],{"class":58},[40,152302,256],{"class":54},[20,152304,111],{},[31,152306,152307],{"className":33,"code":46669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,152308,152309],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152310,152311],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152312,46669],{"class":58},[20,152314,269,152315,152317,152318,152320],{},[15,152316,15521],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152319,58710],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152322,150739,152323,289],{},[282,152324,152326],{"href":152325},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[129,152328,1940],{"id":1939},[20,152330,7541,152331,152333],{},[15,152332,58710],{}," in two ways:",[31,152335,152337],{"className":33,"code":152336,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152338,152339],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152340,152341,152344,152346,152348,152350,152352],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152342,152343],{"class":46},"tuple_name",[40,152345,289],{"class":54},[40,152347,35610],{"class":91},[40,152349,88],{"class":54},[40,152351,2255],{"class":91},[40,152353,95],{"class":54},[20,152355,152356],{},"or:",[31,152358,152360],{"className":33,"code":152359,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152361,152362],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152363,152364,152366,152368,152370,152372,152374,152376,152378,152380,152382],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152365,152343],{"class":46},[40,152367,289],{"class":54},[40,152369,35610],{"class":91},[40,152371,88],{"class":54},[40,152373,2255],{"class":91},[40,152375,62],{"class":54},[40,152377,35810],{"class":91},[40,152379,62],{"class":54},[40,152381,64780],{"class":91},[40,152383,95],{"class":54},[792,152385,17160],{"id":17159},[134,152387,152388,152393,152398,152403],{},[137,152389,152390,152392],{},[15,152391,2255],{}," — the item to search for",[137,152394,152395,152397],{},[15,152396,35831],{}," — optional starting position",[137,152399,152400,152402],{},[15,152401,52406],{}," — optional ending position",[137,152404,152405,1156,152407,152409],{},[15,152406,52406],{},[183,152408,64809],{}," in the search",[20,152411,195],{},[31,152413,152415],{"className":33,"code":152414,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152416,152417,152465,152469,152494,152522],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152418,152419,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431,152433,152435,152437,152439,152441,152443,152445,152447,152449,152451,152453,152455,152457,152459,152461,152463],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152420,1000],{"class":46},[40,152422,51],{"class":50},[40,152424,9006],{"class":54},[40,152426,213],{"class":212},[40,152428,282],{"class":216},[40,152430,213],{"class":212},[40,152432,62],{"class":54},[40,152434,224],{"class":212},[40,152436,1017],{"class":216},[40,152438,213],{"class":212},[40,152440,62],{"class":54},[40,152442,224],{"class":212},[40,152444,1026],{"class":216},[40,152446,213],{"class":212},[40,152448,62],{"class":54},[40,152450,224],{"class":212},[40,152452,1017],{"class":216},[40,152454,213],{"class":212},[40,152456,62],{"class":54},[40,152458,224],{"class":212},[40,152460,18530],{"class":216},[40,152462,213],{"class":212},[40,152464,95],{"class":54},[40,152466,152467],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,152468,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,152470,152471,152473,152475,152477,152479,152481,152483,152485,152487,152489,152491],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,152472,101],{"class":84},[40,152474,88],{"class":54},[40,152476,1043],{"class":91},[40,152478,289],{"class":54},[40,152480,35610],{"class":91},[40,152482,88],{"class":54},[40,152484,213],{"class":212},[40,152486,1017],{"class":216},[40,152488,213],{"class":212},[40,152490,5140],{"class":54},[40,152492,152493],{"class":3449},"        # 1\n",[40,152495,152496,152498,152500,152502,152504,152506,152508,152510,152512,152514,152516,152518,152520],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,152497,101],{"class":84},[40,152499,88],{"class":54},[40,152501,1043],{"class":91},[40,152503,289],{"class":54},[40,152505,35610],{"class":91},[40,152507,88],{"class":54},[40,152509,213],{"class":212},[40,152511,1017],{"class":216},[40,152513,213],{"class":212},[40,152515,62],{"class":54},[40,152517,663],{"class":58},[40,152519,5140],{"class":54},[40,152521,50671],{"class":3449},[40,152523,152524,152526,152528,152530,152532,152534,152536,152538,152540,152542,152544,152546,152548,152550,152552],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,152525,101],{"class":84},[40,152527,88],{"class":54},[40,152529,1043],{"class":91},[40,152531,289],{"class":54},[40,152533,35610],{"class":91},[40,152535,88],{"class":54},[40,152537,213],{"class":212},[40,152539,1017],{"class":216},[40,152541,213],{"class":212},[40,152543,62],{"class":54},[40,152545,1226],{"class":58},[40,152547,62],{"class":54},[40,152549,749],{"class":58},[40,152551,5140],{"class":54},[40,152553,27540],{"class":3449},[129,152555,102979],{"id":102978},[20,152557,152558,25271],{},[15,152559,148793],{},[134,152561,152562,152565],{},[137,152563,152564],{},"An integer",[137,152566,152567],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152569,152570],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152572,195],{},[31,152574,152576],{"className":33,"code":152575,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152577,152578,152618,152640],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152579,152580,152582,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152581,108078],{"class":46},[40,152583,51],{"class":50},[40,152585,9006],{"class":54},[40,152587,213],{"class":212},[40,152589,217],{"class":216},[40,152591,213],{"class":212},[40,152593,62],{"class":54},[40,152595,224],{"class":212},[40,152597,236],{"class":216},[40,152599,213],{"class":212},[40,152601,62],{"class":54},[40,152603,224],{"class":212},[40,152605,57886],{"class":216},[40,152607,213],{"class":212},[40,152609,62],{"class":54},[40,152611,224],{"class":212},[40,152613,236],{"class":216},[40,152615,213],{"class":212},[40,152617,95],{"class":54},[40,152619,152620,152622,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,152621,2013],{"class":46},[40,152623,51],{"class":50},[40,152625,108121],{"class":46},[40,152627,289],{"class":54},[40,152629,35610],{"class":91},[40,152631,88],{"class":54},[40,152633,213],{"class":212},[40,152635,236],{"class":216},[40,152637,213],{"class":212},[40,152639,95],{"class":54},[40,152641,152642,152644,152646,152648],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,152643,101],{"class":84},[40,152645,88],{"class":54},[40,152647,2048],{"class":91},[40,152649,95],{"class":54},[20,152651,111],{},[31,152653,152654],{"className":33,"code":46669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,152655,152656],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152657,152658],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152659,46669],{"class":58},[129,152661,152663],{"id":152662},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152665,123,152666,10371],{},[15,152667,148793],{},[134,152669,152670,152672,152675],{},[137,152671,65835],{},[137,152673,152674],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[137,152676,152677],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152679,152680,152681,152684,152685,289],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152682,152683],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[282,152686,149261],{"href":152687},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[129,152689,65367],{"id":65366},[20,152691,152692,152693,289],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152694,40459],{},[20,152696,195],{},[31,152698,152700],{"className":33,"code":152699,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152701,152702,152734],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152703,152704,152706,152708,152710,152712,152714,152716,152718,152720,152722,152724,152726,152728,152730,152732],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152705,309],{"class":46},[40,152707,51],{"class":50},[40,152709,9006],{"class":54},[40,152711,213],{"class":212},[40,152713,318],{"class":216},[40,152715,213],{"class":212},[40,152717,62],{"class":54},[40,152719,224],{"class":212},[40,152721,336],{"class":216},[40,152723,213],{"class":212},[40,152725,62],{"class":54},[40,152727,224],{"class":212},[40,152729,327],{"class":216},[40,152731,213],{"class":212},[40,152733,95],{"class":54},[40,152735,152736,152738,152740,152742,152744,152746,152748,152750,152752,152754],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,152737,101],{"class":84},[40,152739,88],{"class":54},[40,152741,353],{"class":91},[40,152743,289],{"class":54},[40,152745,35610],{"class":91},[40,152747,88],{"class":54},[40,152749,213],{"class":212},[40,152751,22285],{"class":216},[40,152753,213],{"class":212},[40,152755,256],{"class":54},[20,152757,39408,152758,152760],{},[15,152759,109403],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152762,65442],{},[31,152764,152766],{"className":33,"code":152765,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152767,152768,152800,152804,152820,152842,152848],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152769,152770,152772,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788,152790,152792,152794,152796,152798],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152771,309],{"class":46},[40,152773,51],{"class":50},[40,152775,9006],{"class":54},[40,152777,213],{"class":212},[40,152779,318],{"class":216},[40,152781,213],{"class":212},[40,152783,62],{"class":54},[40,152785,224],{"class":212},[40,152787,336],{"class":216},[40,152789,213],{"class":212},[40,152791,62],{"class":54},[40,152793,224],{"class":212},[40,152795,327],{"class":216},[40,152797,213],{"class":212},[40,152799,95],{"class":54},[40,152801,152802],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,152803,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,152805,152806,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,152807,536],{"class":535},[40,152809,224],{"class":212},[40,152811,22285],{"class":216},[40,152813,213],{"class":212},[40,152815,20934],{"class":50},[40,152817,12890],{"class":46},[40,152819,553],{"class":54},[40,152821,152822,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,152823,558],{"class":84},[40,152825,88],{"class":54},[40,152827,353],{"class":91},[40,152829,289],{"class":54},[40,152831,35610],{"class":91},[40,152833,88],{"class":54},[40,152835,213],{"class":212},[40,152837,22285],{"class":216},[40,152839,213],{"class":212},[40,152841,256],{"class":54},[40,152843,152844,152846],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,152845,576],{"class":535},[40,152847,553],{"class":54},[40,152849,152850,152852,152854,152856,152859,152861],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,152851,558],{"class":84},[40,152853,88],{"class":54},[40,152855,213],{"class":212},[40,152857,152858],{"class":216},"Value not found",[40,152860,213],{"class":212},[40,152862,95],{"class":54},[20,152864,111],{},[31,152866,152868],{"className":33,"code":152867,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Value not found\n",[15,152869,152870],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152871,152872,152875,152877],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152873,152874],{"class":46},"Value ",[40,152876,185],{"class":50},[40,152878,65566],{"class":46},[20,152880,152881,152882,289],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[282,152883,65576],{"href":65575},[129,152885,795,152886,4176,152888],{"id":65144},[15,152887,35831],{},[15,152889,52406],{},[20,152891,606,152892,4176,152894,152896],{},[15,152893,35831],{},[15,152895,52406],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152898,152899],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152901,195],{},[31,152903,152905],{"className":33,"code":152904,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152906,152907,152935,152939,152960,152984],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,152908,152909,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,152910,3610],{"class":46},[40,152912,51],{"class":50},[40,152914,9006],{"class":54},[40,152916,682],{"class":58},[40,152918,62],{"class":54},[40,152920,5781],{"class":58},[40,152922,62],{"class":54},[40,152924,4387],{"class":58},[40,152926,62],{"class":54},[40,152928,65],{"class":58},[40,152930,62],{"class":54},[40,152932,4387],{"class":58},[40,152934,95],{"class":54},[40,152936,152937],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,152938,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,152940,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,152942,101],{"class":84},[40,152944,88],{"class":54},[40,152946,5137],{"class":91},[40,152948,289],{"class":54},[40,152950,35610],{"class":91},[40,152952,88],{"class":54},[40,152954,682],{"class":58},[40,152956,5140],{"class":54},[40,152958,152959],{"class":3449},"        # 0\n",[40,152961,152962,152964,152966,152968,152970,152972,152974,152976,152978,152980,152982],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,152963,101],{"class":84},[40,152965,88],{"class":54},[40,152967,5137],{"class":91},[40,152969,289],{"class":54},[40,152971,35610],{"class":91},[40,152973,88],{"class":54},[40,152975,682],{"class":58},[40,152977,62],{"class":54},[40,152979,1226],{"class":58},[40,152981,5140],{"class":54},[40,152983,50705],{"class":3449},[40,152985,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,152987,101],{"class":84},[40,152989,88],{"class":54},[40,152991,5137],{"class":91},[40,152993,289],{"class":54},[40,152995,35610],{"class":91},[40,152997,88],{"class":54},[40,152999,682],{"class":58},[40,153001,62],{"class":54},[40,153003,749],{"class":58},[40,153005,62],{"class":54},[40,153007,4387],{"class":58},[40,153009,5140],{"class":54},[40,153011,50688],{"class":3449},[792,153013,153015],{"id":153014},"how-it-works","How it works",[134,153017,153018,153023,153028],{},[137,153019,153020,153022],{},[15,153021,35831],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[137,153024,153025,153027],{},[15,153026,52406],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[137,153029,606,153030,153032],{},[15,153031,52406],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153034,195],{},[31,153036,153038],{"className":33,"code":153037,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153039,153040,153068,153072],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153041,153042,153044,153046,153048,153050,153052,153054,153056,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153043,3610],{"class":46},[40,153045,51],{"class":50},[40,153047,9006],{"class":54},[40,153049,682],{"class":58},[40,153051,62],{"class":54},[40,153053,5781],{"class":58},[40,153055,62],{"class":54},[40,153057,4387],{"class":58},[40,153059,62],{"class":54},[40,153061,65],{"class":58},[40,153063,62],{"class":54},[40,153065,4387],{"class":58},[40,153067,95],{"class":54},[40,153069,153070],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,153071,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,153073,153074,153076,153078,153080,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,153075,101],{"class":84},[40,153077,88],{"class":54},[40,153079,5137],{"class":91},[40,153081,289],{"class":54},[40,153083,35610],{"class":91},[40,153085,88],{"class":54},[40,153087,682],{"class":58},[40,153089,62],{"class":54},[40,153091,1226],{"class":58},[40,153093,62],{"class":54},[40,153095,675],{"class":58},[40,153097,256],{"class":54},[20,153099,111],{},[31,153101,153102],{"className":33,"code":1489,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,153103,153104],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153105,153106],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153107,1489],{"class":58},[20,153109,153110,153111,1973,153113,16837,153115,153117,153118,289],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153112,658],{},[15,153114,744],{},[15,153116,401],{},", but not ",[15,153119,2288],{},[129,153121,153123],{"id":153122},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153125,153126,153127,2669],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153128,148793],{},[134,153130,153131,153139,153144,153151],{},[137,153132,153133,153134,153136,153137],{},"Do not confuse the ",[183,153135,2255],{}," with the ",[183,153138,35610],{},[137,153140,153141,153142],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153143,192],{},[137,153145,123,153146,153150],{},[282,153147,148819,153148,10510],{"href":148871},[15,153149,57033],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[137,153152,153153,153154,153156],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153155,152683],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153158,153159],{},"Example of value vs index:",[31,153161,153163],{"className":33,"code":153162,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153164,153165,153197,153201,153225],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153166,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175,153177,153179,153181,153183,153185,153187,153189,153191,153193,153195],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153168,35995],{"class":46},[40,153170,51],{"class":50},[40,153172,9006],{"class":54},[40,153174,213],{"class":212},[40,153176,3862],{"class":216},[40,153178,213],{"class":212},[40,153180,62],{"class":54},[40,153182,224],{"class":212},[40,153184,3871],{"class":216},[40,153186,213],{"class":212},[40,153188,62],{"class":54},[40,153190,224],{"class":212},[40,153192,32982],{"class":216},[40,153194,213],{"class":212},[40,153196,95],{"class":54},[40,153198,153199],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,153200,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,153202,153203,153205,153207,153209,153211,153213,153215,153217,153219,153221,153223],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,153204,101],{"class":84},[40,153206,88],{"class":54},[40,153208,36047],{"class":91},[40,153210,289],{"class":54},[40,153212,35610],{"class":91},[40,153214,88],{"class":54},[40,153216,213],{"class":212},[40,153218,3871],{"class":216},[40,153220,213],{"class":212},[40,153222,5140],{"class":54},[40,153224,27540],{"class":3449},[40,153226,153227,153229,153231,153233,153235,153237,153239],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,153228,101],{"class":84},[40,153230,88],{"class":54},[40,153232,36047],{"class":91},[40,153234,565],{"class":54},[40,153236,658],{"class":58},[40,153238,20207],{"class":54},[40,153240,153241],{"class":3449},"               # banana\n",[20,153243,1962],{},[134,153245,153246,153250],{},[137,153247,153248,15013],{},[15,153249,65012],{},[137,153251,153252,153254],{},[15,153253,658],{}," is the index",[129,153256,2613],{"id":2612},[20,153258,105717,153259,2669],{},[15,153260,148793],{},[134,153262,153263,153266,153271,153276,153283],{},[137,153264,153265],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[137,153267,8223,153268,153270],{},[15,153269,58710],{}," to return all matching positions",[137,153272,153273,153274],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153275,192],{},[137,153277,153278,153279,4176,153281],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153280,35831],{},[15,153282,52406],{},[137,153284,36960,153285,153287],{},[15,153286,148793],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[792,153289,60450],{"id":60449},[20,153291,93979],{},[31,153293,153295],{"className":33,"code":153294,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153296,153297,153307,153321,153336,153354],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153298,153299,153301,153303,153305],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153300,101],{"class":84},[40,153302,88],{"class":54},[40,153304,147606],{"class":91},[40,153306,95],{"class":54},[40,153308,153309,153311,153313,153315,153317,153319],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,153310,101],{"class":84},[40,153312,88],{"class":54},[40,153314,17],{"class":84},[40,153316,88],{"class":54},[40,153318,147606],{"class":91},[40,153320,256],{"class":54},[40,153322,153323,153325,153327,153329,153331,153334],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,153324,101],{"class":84},[40,153326,88],{"class":54},[40,153328,2230],{"class":91},[40,153330,1554],{"class":535},[40,153332,153333],{"class":91}," my_tuple",[40,153335,95],{"class":54},[40,153337,153338,153340,153342,153344,153346,153348,153350,153352],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,153339,101],{"class":84},[40,153341,88],{"class":54},[40,153343,147606],{"class":91},[40,153345,289],{"class":54},[40,153347,106],{"class":91},[40,153349,88],{"class":54},[40,153351,2255],{"class":91},[40,153353,256],{"class":54},[40,153355,153356,153358,153360,153362,153364,153366,153368,153370],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,153357,101],{"class":84},[40,153359,88],{"class":54},[40,153361,147606],{"class":91},[40,153363,289],{"class":54},[40,153365,35610],{"class":91},[40,153367,88],{"class":54},[40,153369,2255],{"class":91},[40,153371,256],{"class":54},[20,153373,153374,153375,83996,153377,153379],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153376,40459],{},[15,153378,2255],{}," is missing.",[20,153381,129223],{},[31,153383,153385],{"className":33,"code":153384,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153386,153387,153399,153417,153423],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153388,153389,153391,153393,153395,153397],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153390,536],{"class":535},[40,153392,21345],{"class":46},[40,153394,1554],{"class":50},[40,153396,153333],{"class":46},[40,153398,553],{"class":54},[40,153400,153401,153403,153405,153407,153409,153411,153413,153415],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,153402,558],{"class":84},[40,153404,88],{"class":54},[40,153406,147606],{"class":91},[40,153408,289],{"class":54},[40,153410,35610],{"class":91},[40,153412,88],{"class":54},[40,153414,2255],{"class":91},[40,153416,256],{"class":54},[40,153418,153419,153421],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,153420,576],{"class":535},[40,153422,553],{"class":54},[40,153424,153425,153427,153429,153431,153433,153435],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,153426,558],{"class":84},[40,153428,88],{"class":54},[40,153430,213],{"class":212},[40,153432,152858],{"class":216},[40,153434,213],{"class":212},[40,153436,95],{"class":54},[129,153438,1636],{"id":1635},[792,153440,1650,153442,1654],{"id":153441},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153443,148793],{},[20,153445,153446],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[792,153448,153450],{"id":153449},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153452,153453,152320],{},[15,153454,148793],{},[792,153456,148772],{"id":148771},[20,153458,76457,153459,289],{},[15,153460,40459],{},[792,153462,153464],{"id":153463},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153466,153467,153468,4176,153470,153472],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153469,35831],{},[15,153471,52406],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[792,153474,14671,153476,56948,153478,2275],{"id":153475},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153477,148793],{},[15,153479,64605],{},[20,153481,153482],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[129,153484,1687],{"id":1686},[134,153486,153487,153493,153497,153502,153506],{},[137,153488,153489],{},[282,153490,148819,153491,10510],{"href":148871},[15,153492,57033],{},[137,153494,153495],{},[282,153496,149261],{"href":152687},[137,153498,153499],{},[282,153500,153501],{"href":150567},"Creating a tuple in Python",[137,153503,153504],{},[282,153505,65576],{"href":65575},[137,153507,153508],{},[282,153509,150515],{"href":152325},[1715,153511,153512],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":153514},[153515,153516,153518,153521,153522,153523,153524,153527,153528,153531,153540],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":152232,"depth":76,"text":153517},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940,"children":153519},[153520],{"id":17159,"depth":98,"text":17160},{"id":102978,"depth":76,"text":102979},{"id":152662,"depth":76,"text":152663},{"id":65366,"depth":76,"text":65367},{"id":65144,"depth":76,"text":65926,"children":153525},[153526],{"id":153014,"depth":98,"text":153015},{"id":153122,"depth":76,"text":153123},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613,"children":153529},[153530],{"id":60449,"depth":98,"text":60450},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":153532},[153533,153535,153536,153537,153538],{"id":153441,"depth":98,"text":153534},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153449,"depth":98,"text":153450},{"id":148771,"depth":98,"text":148772},{"id":153463,"depth":98,"text":153464},{"id":153475,"depth":98,"text":153539},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152127,"description":153541},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153548,"title":153549,"body":153550,"description":154945,"extension":1746,"meta":154946,"navigation":360,"path":152687,"seo":154947,"stem":154948,"__hash__":154949},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153551,"toc":154927},[153552,153555,153558,153561,153575,153577,153580,153674,153684,153690,153694,153697,153700,153702,153720,153722,153793,153795,153812,153816,153820,153823,153840,153843,153858,153860,153951,153954,153958,153961,153978,153980,154075,154078,154081,154085,154088,154182,154184,154203,154206,154210,154213,154215,154270,154272,154307,154310,154324,154332,154425,154434,154438,154441,154448,154451,154498,154500,154508,154511,154562,154564,154581,154586,154590,154593,154596,154598,154649,154652,154707,154710,154713,154715,154718,154738,154740,154813,154816,154829,154831,154835,154840,154844,154849,154866,154870,154873,154890,154894,154897,154899,154924],[10,153553,153549],{"id":153554},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153556,153557],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153559,153560],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[134,153562,153563,153566,153569,153572],{},[137,153564,153565],{},"positive indexes",[137,153567,153568],{},"negative indexes",[137,153570,153571],{},"common indexing mistakes",[137,153573,153574],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[129,153576,3396],{"id":3395},[20,153578,153579],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[31,153581,153583],{"className":33,"code":153582,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153584,153585,153617,153621,153638,153655],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153586,153587,153589,153591,153593,153595,153597,153599,153601,153603,153605,153607,153609,153611,153613,153615],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153588,309],{"class":46},[40,153590,51],{"class":50},[40,153592,9006],{"class":54},[40,153594,213],{"class":212},[40,153596,318],{"class":216},[40,153598,213],{"class":212},[40,153600,62],{"class":54},[40,153602,224],{"class":212},[40,153604,327],{"class":216},[40,153606,213],{"class":212},[40,153608,62],{"class":54},[40,153610,224],{"class":212},[40,153612,336],{"class":216},[40,153614,213],{"class":212},[40,153616,95],{"class":54},[40,153618,153619],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,153620,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,153622,153623,153625,153627,153629,153631,153633,153635],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,153624,101],{"class":84},[40,153626,88],{"class":54},[40,153628,353],{"class":91},[40,153630,565],{"class":54},[40,153632,192],{"class":58},[40,153634,20207],{"class":54},[40,153636,153637],{"class":3449},"   # red\n",[40,153639,153640,153642,153644,153646,153648,153650,153652],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,153641,101],{"class":84},[40,153643,88],{"class":54},[40,153645,353],{"class":91},[40,153647,565],{"class":54},[40,153649,658],{"class":58},[40,153651,20207],{"class":54},[40,153653,153654],{"class":3449},"   # green\n",[40,153656,153657,153659,153661,153663,153665,153667,153669,153671],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,153658,101],{"class":84},[40,153660,88],{"class":54},[40,153662,353],{"class":91},[40,153664,565],{"class":54},[40,153666,1806],{"class":50},[40,153668,658],{"class":58},[40,153670,20207],{"class":54},[40,153672,153673],{"class":3449},"  # blue\n",[134,153675,153676,153681],{},[137,153677,132012,153678,153680],{},[15,153679,192],{}," is the first item.",[137,153682,153683],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153685,153686,153687,289],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[282,153688,153689],{"href":147591},"how to create a tuple in Python",[129,153691,153693],{"id":153692},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153695,153696],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153698,153699],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153701,11228],{},[134,153703,153704,153707,153714,153717],{},[137,153705,153706],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[137,153708,153709,153710,1061,153712],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153711,192],{},[15,153713,658],{},[137,153715,153716],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[137,153718,153719],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153721,195],{},[31,153723,153725],{"className":33,"code":153724,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153726,153727,153747,153751,153765,153779],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153728,153729,153731,153733,153735,153737,153739,153741,153743,153745],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153730,47],{"class":46},[40,153732,51],{"class":50},[40,153734,9006],{"class":54},[40,153736,59],{"class":58},[40,153738,62],{"class":54},[40,153740,65],{"class":58},[40,153742,62],{"class":54},[40,153744,70],{"class":58},[40,153746,95],{"class":54},[40,153748,153749],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,153750,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,153752,153753,153755,153757,153759,153761,153763],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,153754,101],{"class":84},[40,153756,88],{"class":54},[40,153758,92],{"class":91},[40,153760,565],{"class":54},[40,153762,192],{"class":58},[40,153764,570],{"class":54},[40,153766,153767,153769,153771,153773,153775,153777],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,153768,101],{"class":84},[40,153770,88],{"class":54},[40,153772,92],{"class":91},[40,153774,565],{"class":54},[40,153776,658],{"class":58},[40,153778,570],{"class":54},[40,153780,153781,153783,153785,153787,153789,153791],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,153782,101],{"class":84},[40,153784,88],{"class":54},[40,153786,92],{"class":91},[40,153788,565],{"class":54},[40,153790,744],{"class":58},[40,153792,570],{"class":54},[20,153794,111],{},[31,153796,153798],{"className":33,"code":153797,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153799,153800,153804,153808],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153801,153802],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153803,2160],{"class":58},[40,153805,153806],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,153807,70823],{"class":58},[40,153809,153810],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,153811,69439],{"class":58},[20,153813,59134,153814,289],{},[282,153815,147588],{"href":147587},[129,153817,153819],{"id":153818},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153821,153822],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[134,153824,153825,153830,153835],{},[137,153826,153827,153829],{},[15,153828,192],{}," = first item",[137,153831,153832,153834],{},[15,153833,658],{}," = second item",[137,153836,153837,153839],{},[15,153838,744],{}," = third item",[20,153841,153842],{},"Pattern:",[31,153844,153846],{"className":33,"code":153845,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153847,153848],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153849,153850,153852,153854,153856],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153851,152343],{"class":46},[40,153853,565],{"class":54},[40,153855,35610],{"class":46},[40,153857,73],{"class":54},[20,153859,195],{},[31,153861,153863],{"className":33,"code":153862,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153864,153865,153897,153901,153918,153934],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153866,153867,153869,153871,153873,153875,153877,153879,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889,153891,153893,153895],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153868,35995],{"class":46},[40,153870,51],{"class":50},[40,153872,9006],{"class":54},[40,153874,213],{"class":212},[40,153876,3862],{"class":216},[40,153878,213],{"class":212},[40,153880,62],{"class":54},[40,153882,224],{"class":212},[40,153884,3871],{"class":216},[40,153886,213],{"class":212},[40,153888,62],{"class":54},[40,153890,224],{"class":212},[40,153892,3880],{"class":216},[40,153894,213],{"class":212},[40,153896,95],{"class":54},[40,153898,153899],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,153900,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,153902,153903,153905,153907,153909,153911,153913,153915],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,153904,101],{"class":84},[40,153906,88],{"class":54},[40,153908,36047],{"class":91},[40,153910,565],{"class":54},[40,153912,192],{"class":58},[40,153914,20207],{"class":54},[40,153916,153917],{"class":3449},"  # apple\n",[40,153919,153920,153922,153924,153926,153928,153930,153932],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,153921,101],{"class":84},[40,153923,88],{"class":54},[40,153925,36047],{"class":91},[40,153927,565],{"class":54},[40,153929,658],{"class":58},[40,153931,20207],{"class":54},[40,153933,51238],{"class":3449},[40,153935,153936,153938,153940,153942,153944,153946,153948],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,153937,101],{"class":84},[40,153939,88],{"class":54},[40,153941,36047],{"class":91},[40,153943,565],{"class":54},[40,153945,744],{"class":58},[40,153947,20207],{"class":54},[40,153949,153950],{"class":3449},"  # cherry\n",[20,153952,153953],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[129,153955,153957],{"id":153956},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153959,153960],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[134,153962,153963,153968,153973],{},[137,153964,153965,153967],{},[15,153966,65591],{}," = last item",[137,153969,153970,153972],{},[15,153971,95009],{}," = second-to-last item",[137,153974,153975,153977],{},[15,153976,47422],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153979,195],{},[31,153981,153983],{"className":33,"code":153982,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153984,153985,154017,154021,154039,154057],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,153986,153987,153989,153991,153993,153995,153997,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013,154015],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,153988,35995],{"class":46},[40,153990,51],{"class":50},[40,153992,9006],{"class":54},[40,153994,213],{"class":212},[40,153996,3862],{"class":216},[40,153998,213],{"class":212},[40,154000,62],{"class":54},[40,154002,224],{"class":212},[40,154004,3871],{"class":216},[40,154006,213],{"class":212},[40,154008,62],{"class":54},[40,154010,224],{"class":212},[40,154012,3880],{"class":216},[40,154014,213],{"class":212},[40,154016,95],{"class":54},[40,154018,154019],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,154020,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,154022,154023,154025,154027,154029,154031,154033,154035,154037],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,154024,101],{"class":84},[40,154026,88],{"class":54},[40,154028,36047],{"class":91},[40,154030,565],{"class":54},[40,154032,1806],{"class":50},[40,154034,658],{"class":58},[40,154036,20207],{"class":54},[40,154038,153950],{"class":3449},[40,154040,154041,154043,154045,154047,154049,154051,154053,154055],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,154042,101],{"class":84},[40,154044,88],{"class":54},[40,154046,36047],{"class":91},[40,154048,565],{"class":54},[40,154050,1806],{"class":50},[40,154052,744],{"class":58},[40,154054,20207],{"class":54},[40,154056,51238],{"class":3449},[40,154058,154059,154061,154063,154065,154067,154069,154071,154073],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,154060,101],{"class":84},[40,154062,88],{"class":54},[40,154064,36047],{"class":91},[40,154066,565],{"class":54},[40,154068,1806],{"class":50},[40,154070,401],{"class":58},[40,154072,20207],{"class":54},[40,154074,153917],{"class":3449},[20,154076,154077],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154079,154080],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[129,154082,154084],{"id":154083},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154086,154087],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[31,154089,154091],{"className":33,"code":154090,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154092,154093,154125,154129,154146,154163],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154094,154095,154097,154099,154101,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111,154113,154115,154117,154119,154121,154123],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154096,1508],{"class":46},[40,154098,51],{"class":50},[40,154100,9006],{"class":54},[40,154102,213],{"class":212},[40,154104,1517],{"class":216},[40,154106,213],{"class":212},[40,154108,62],{"class":54},[40,154110,224],{"class":212},[40,154112,1526],{"class":216},[40,154114,213],{"class":212},[40,154116,62],{"class":54},[40,154118,224],{"class":212},[40,154120,1535],{"class":216},[40,154122,213],{"class":212},[40,154124,95],{"class":54},[40,154126,154127],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,154128,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,154130,154131,154133,154135,154137,154139,154141,154143],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,154132,101],{"class":84},[40,154134,88],{"class":54},[40,154136,1566],{"class":91},[40,154138,565],{"class":54},[40,154140,192],{"class":58},[40,154142,20207],{"class":54},[40,154144,154145],{"class":3449},"   # first item\n",[40,154147,154148,154150,154152,154154,154156,154158,154160],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,154149,101],{"class":84},[40,154151,88],{"class":54},[40,154153,1566],{"class":91},[40,154155,565],{"class":54},[40,154157,658],{"class":58},[40,154159,20207],{"class":54},[40,154161,154162],{"class":3449},"   # middle item\n",[40,154164,154165,154167,154169,154171,154173,154175,154177,154179],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,154166,101],{"class":84},[40,154168,88],{"class":54},[40,154170,1566],{"class":91},[40,154172,565],{"class":54},[40,154174,1806],{"class":50},[40,154176,658],{"class":58},[40,154178,20207],{"class":54},[40,154180,154181],{"class":3449},"  # last item\n",[20,154183,111],{},[31,154185,154187],{"className":33,"code":154186,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154188,154189,154193,154198],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154190,154191],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154192,49792],{"class":46},[40,154194,154195],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,154196,154197],{"class":46},"Ben\n",[40,154199,154200],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,154201,154202],{"class":46},"Cara\n",[20,154204,154205],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[129,154207,154209],{"id":154208},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154211,154212],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154214,195],{},[31,154216,154218],{"className":33,"code":154217,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154219,154220,154252,154256],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154221,154222,154224,154226,154228,154230,154232,154234,154236,154238,154240,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154223,1000],{"class":46},[40,154225,51],{"class":50},[40,154227,9006],{"class":54},[40,154229,213],{"class":212},[40,154231,282],{"class":216},[40,154233,213],{"class":212},[40,154235,62],{"class":54},[40,154237,224],{"class":212},[40,154239,1017],{"class":216},[40,154241,213],{"class":212},[40,154243,62],{"class":54},[40,154245,224],{"class":212},[40,154247,1026],{"class":216},[40,154249,213],{"class":212},[40,154251,95],{"class":54},[40,154253,154254],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,154255,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,154257,154258,154260,154262,154264,154266,154268],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,154259,101],{"class":84},[40,154261,88],{"class":54},[40,154263,1043],{"class":91},[40,154265,565],{"class":54},[40,154267,682],{"class":58},[40,154269,570],{"class":54},[20,154271,111],{},[31,154273,154275],{"className":33,"code":154274,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154276,154277,154289,154294],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154278,154279,154282,154284,154287],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154280,154281],{"class":91},"Traceback ",[40,154283,88],{"class":54},[40,154285,154286],{"class":91},"most recent call last",[40,154288,8112],{"class":54},[40,154290,154291],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,154292,154293],{"class":34215},"  ...\n",[40,154295,154296,154298,154300,154302,154305],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,154297,70330],{"class":609},[40,154299,2669],{"class":54},[40,154301,148954],{"class":609},[40,154303,154304],{"class":46}," index out of ",[40,154306,70522],{"class":84},[20,154308,154309],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[134,154311,154312,154316,154320],{},[137,154313,154314],{},[15,154315,192],{},[137,154317,154318],{},[15,154319,658],{},[137,154321,154322],{},[15,154323,744],{},[20,154325,154326,154327,289],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[282,154328,154329,154331],{"href":148826},[15,154330,25],{}," on a tuple",[31,154333,154335],{"className":33,"code":154334,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154336,154337,154369,154373,154389,154393,154411],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154338,154339,154341,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351,154353,154355,154357,154359,154361,154363,154365,154367],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154340,1000],{"class":46},[40,154342,51],{"class":50},[40,154344,9006],{"class":54},[40,154346,213],{"class":212},[40,154348,282],{"class":216},[40,154350,213],{"class":212},[40,154352,62],{"class":54},[40,154354,224],{"class":212},[40,154356,1017],{"class":216},[40,154358,213],{"class":212},[40,154360,62],{"class":54},[40,154362,224],{"class":212},[40,154364,1026],{"class":216},[40,154366,213],{"class":212},[40,154368,95],{"class":54},[40,154370,154371],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,154372,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,154374,154375,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,154376,101],{"class":84},[40,154378,88],{"class":54},[40,154380,17],{"class":84},[40,154382,88],{"class":54},[40,154384,1043],{"class":91},[40,154386,5140],{"class":54},[40,154388,50523],{"class":3449},[40,154390,154391],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,154392,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,154394,154395,154397,154399,154401,154403,154405,154407,154409],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,154396,536],{"class":535},[40,154398,85],{"class":84},[40,154400,88],{"class":54},[40,154402,1043],{"class":91},[40,154404,18],{"class":54},[40,154406,547],{"class":50},[40,154408,663],{"class":58},[40,154410,553],{"class":54},[40,154412,154413,154415,154417,154419,154421,154423],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,154414,558],{"class":84},[40,154416,88],{"class":54},[40,154418,1043],{"class":91},[40,154420,565],{"class":54},[40,154422,744],{"class":58},[40,154424,570],{"class":54},[20,154426,154427,154428,289],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[282,154429,25442,154431],{"href":154430},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154432,154433],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[129,154435,154437],{"id":154436},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154439,154440],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[134,154442,154443,154445],{},[137,154444,76474],{},[137,154446,154447],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154449,154450],{},"Indexing example:",[31,154452,154454],{"className":33,"code":154453,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154455,154456,154480,154484],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154457,154458,154460,154462,154464,154466,154468,154470,154472,154474,154476,154478],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154459,47],{"class":46},[40,154461,51],{"class":50},[40,154463,9006],{"class":54},[40,154465,59],{"class":58},[40,154467,62],{"class":54},[40,154469,65],{"class":58},[40,154471,62],{"class":54},[40,154473,70],{"class":58},[40,154475,62],{"class":54},[40,154477,50596],{"class":58},[40,154479,95],{"class":54},[40,154481,154482],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,154483,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,154485,154486,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,154487,101],{"class":84},[40,154489,88],{"class":54},[40,154491,92],{"class":91},[40,154493,565],{"class":54},[40,154495,658],{"class":58},[40,154497,570],{"class":54},[20,154499,111],{},[31,154501,154502],{"className":33,"code":70823,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,154503,154504],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154505,154506],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154507,70823],{"class":58},[20,154509,154510],{},"Slicing example:",[31,154512,154514],{"className":33,"code":154513,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154515,154516,154540,154544],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154517,154518,154520,154522,154524,154526,154528,154530,154532,154534,154536,154538],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154519,47],{"class":46},[40,154521,51],{"class":50},[40,154523,9006],{"class":54},[40,154525,59],{"class":58},[40,154527,62],{"class":54},[40,154529,65],{"class":58},[40,154531,62],{"class":54},[40,154533,70],{"class":58},[40,154535,62],{"class":54},[40,154537,50596],{"class":58},[40,154539,95],{"class":54},[40,154541,154542],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,154543,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,154545,154546,154548,154550,154552,154554,154556,154558,154560],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,154547,101],{"class":84},[40,154549,88],{"class":54},[40,154551,92],{"class":91},[40,154553,565],{"class":54},[40,154555,658],{"class":58},[40,154557,2669],{"class":54},[40,154559,401],{"class":58},[40,154561,570],{"class":54},[20,154563,111],{},[31,154565,154567],{"className":33,"code":154566,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154568,154569],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154570,154571,154573,154575,154577,154579],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154572,88],{"class":54},[40,154574,15521],{"class":58},[40,154576,62],{"class":54},[40,154578,70],{"class":58},[40,154580,95],{"class":54},[20,154582,154583,154584,289],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[282,154585,150505],{"href":150504},[129,154587,154589],{"id":154588},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154591,154592],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154594,154595],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154597,6466],{},[31,154599,154601],{"className":33,"code":154600,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154602,154603,154635],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154604,154605,154607,154609,154611,154613,154615,154617,154619,154621,154623,154625,154627,154629,154631,154633],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154606,309],{"class":46},[40,154608,51],{"class":50},[40,154610,9006],{"class":54},[40,154612,213],{"class":212},[40,154614,318],{"class":216},[40,154616,213],{"class":212},[40,154618,62],{"class":54},[40,154620,224],{"class":212},[40,154622,327],{"class":216},[40,154624,213],{"class":212},[40,154626,62],{"class":54},[40,154628,224],{"class":212},[40,154630,336],{"class":216},[40,154632,213],{"class":212},[40,154634,95],{"class":54},[40,154636,154637,154639,154641,154643,154645,154647],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,154638,101],{"class":84},[40,154640,88],{"class":54},[40,154642,353],{"class":91},[40,154644,565],{"class":54},[40,154646,658],{"class":58},[40,154648,570],{"class":54},[20,154650,154651],{},"But this does not work:",[31,154653,154655],{"className":33,"code":154654,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154656,154657,154689],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154658,154659,154661,154663,154665,154667,154669,154671,154673,154675,154677,154679,154681,154683,154685,154687],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154660,309],{"class":46},[40,154662,51],{"class":50},[40,154664,9006],{"class":54},[40,154666,213],{"class":212},[40,154668,318],{"class":216},[40,154670,213],{"class":212},[40,154672,62],{"class":54},[40,154674,224],{"class":212},[40,154676,327],{"class":216},[40,154678,213],{"class":212},[40,154680,62],{"class":54},[40,154682,224],{"class":212},[40,154684,336],{"class":216},[40,154686,213],{"class":212},[40,154688,95],{"class":54},[40,154690,154691,154693,154695,154697,154699,154701,154703,154705],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,154692,353],{"class":46},[40,154694,565],{"class":54},[40,154696,658],{"class":58},[40,154698,13040],{"class":54},[40,154700,13043],{"class":50},[40,154702,224],{"class":212},[40,154704,22285],{"class":216},[40,154706,3146],{"class":212},[20,154708,154709],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154711,154712],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[129,154714,2613],{"id":2612},[20,154716,154717],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[134,154719,154720,154726,154729,154732],{},[137,154721,132316,154722,799,154724],{},[15,154723,658],{},[15,154725,192],{},[137,154727,154728],{},"Using an index that is too large",[137,154730,154731],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[137,154733,154734,154735],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154736,154737],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154739,62034],{},[31,154741,154743],{"className":33,"code":154742,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154744,154745,154755,154769,154783,154799],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154746,154747,154749,154751,154753],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154748,101],{"class":84},[40,154750,88],{"class":54},[40,154752,147606],{"class":91},[40,154754,95],{"class":54},[40,154756,154757,154759,154761,154763,154765,154767],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,154758,101],{"class":84},[40,154760,88],{"class":54},[40,154762,17],{"class":84},[40,154764,88],{"class":54},[40,154766,147606],{"class":91},[40,154768,256],{"class":54},[40,154770,154771,154773,154775,154777,154779,154781],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,154772,101],{"class":84},[40,154774,88],{"class":54},[40,154776,147606],{"class":91},[40,154778,565],{"class":54},[40,154780,192],{"class":58},[40,154782,570],{"class":54},[40,154784,154785,154787,154789,154791,154793,154795,154797],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,154786,101],{"class":84},[40,154788,88],{"class":54},[40,154790,147606],{"class":91},[40,154792,565],{"class":54},[40,154794,1806],{"class":50},[40,154796,658],{"class":58},[40,154798,570],{"class":54},[40,154800,154801,154803,154805,154807,154809,154811],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,154802,101],{"class":84},[40,154804,88],{"class":54},[40,154806,1297],{"class":609},[40,154808,88],{"class":54},[40,154810,147606],{"class":91},[40,154812,256],{"class":54},[20,154814,154815],{},"These can help you confirm:",[134,154817,154818,154821,154823,154826],{},[137,154819,154820],{},"what the tuple contains",[137,154822,1328],{},[137,154824,154825],{},"what the first and last items are",[137,154827,154828],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[129,154830,1636],{"id":1635},[792,154832,154834],{"id":154833},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154836,154837,154838,289],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154839,192],{},[792,154841,154843],{"id":154842},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154845,123,154846,154848],{},[15,154847,65591],{}," as the index:",[31,154850,154852],{"className":33,"code":154851,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154853,154854],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154855,154856,154858,154860,154862,154864],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154857,147606],{"class":46},[40,154859,565],{"class":54},[40,154861,1806],{"class":50},[40,154863,658],{"class":58},[40,154865,73],{"class":54},[792,154867,154869],{"id":154868},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154871,154872],{},"Python raises:",[31,154874,154876],{"className":33,"code":154875,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154877,154878],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154879,154880,154882,154884,154886,154888],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154881,70330],{"class":609},[40,154883,2669],{"class":54},[40,154885,148954],{"class":609},[40,154887,154304],{"class":46},[40,154889,70522],{"class":84},[792,154891,154893],{"id":154892},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154895,154896],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[129,154898,1687],{"id":1686},[134,154900,154901,154906,154910,154914,154920],{},[137,154902,154903],{},[282,154904,154905],{"href":147591},"How to create a tuple in Python",[137,154907,154908],{},[282,154909,150505],{"href":150504},[137,154911,154912],{},[282,154913,150510],{"href":148826},[137,154915,154916],{},[282,154917,25883,154918],{"href":154430},[15,154919,154433],{},[137,154921,154922],{},[282,154923,147588],{"href":147587},[1715,154925,154926],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":154928},[154929,154930,154931,154932,154933,154934,154935,154936,154937,154938,154944],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":153692,"depth":76,"text":153693},{"id":153818,"depth":76,"text":153819},{"id":153956,"depth":76,"text":153957},{"id":154083,"depth":76,"text":154084},{"id":154208,"depth":76,"text":154209},{"id":154436,"depth":76,"text":154437},{"id":154588,"depth":76,"text":154589},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":154939},[154940,154941,154942,154943],{"id":154833,"depth":98,"text":154834},{"id":154842,"depth":98,"text":154843},{"id":154868,"depth":98,"text":154869},{"id":154892,"depth":98,"text":154893},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153549,"description":154945},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154951,"title":154952,"body":154953,"description":156842,"extension":1746,"meta":156843,"navigation":360,"path":156844,"seo":156845,"stem":156846,"__hash__":156847},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154954,"toc":156799},[154955,154961,154966,155017,155021,155029,155035,155037,155053,155055,155058,155073,155075,155088,155090,155147,155151,155159,155166,155172,155178,155182,155233,155237,155245,155249,155278,155282,155290,155294,155327,155331,155339,155343,155346,155397,155401,155409,155411,155428,155432,155436,155495,155499,155507,155510,155537,155541,155549,155553,155559,155634,155638,155675,155683,155687,155750,155754,155762,155767,155771,155777,155820,155824,155832,155838,155841,155888,155892,155900,155909,155915,155970,155974,155982,155985,155989,155991,156022,156026,156045,156048,156093,156097,156120,156126,156131,156133,156180,156185,156188,156236,156240,156248,156252,156257,156261,156311,156315,156330,156334,156392,156396,156411,156415,156486,156490,156499,156503,156582,156586,156608,156616,156618,156621,156646,156648,156701,156703,156720,156722,156726,156732,156737,156742,156746,156751,156755,156760,156766,156769,156771,156796],[10,154956,154958,154959,18],{"id":154957},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154960,17],{},[20,154962,123,154963,154965],{},[15,154964,25],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[31,154967,154969],{"className":33,"code":154968,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154970,154971,155003],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,154972,154973,154975,154977,154979,154981,154983,154985,154987,154989,154991,154993,154995,154997,154999,155001],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,154974,309],{"class":46},[40,154976,51],{"class":50},[40,154978,9006],{"class":54},[40,154980,213],{"class":212},[40,154982,318],{"class":216},[40,154984,213],{"class":212},[40,154986,62],{"class":54},[40,154988,224],{"class":212},[40,154990,327],{"class":216},[40,154992,213],{"class":212},[40,154994,62],{"class":54},[40,154996,224],{"class":212},[40,154998,336],{"class":216},[40,155000,213],{"class":212},[40,155002,95],{"class":54},[40,155004,155005,155007,155009,155011,155013,155015],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,155006,101],{"class":84},[40,155008,88],{"class":54},[40,155010,17],{"class":84},[40,155012,88],{"class":54},[40,155014,353],{"class":91},[40,155016,256],{"class":54},[20,155018,155019],{},[183,155020,111],{},[31,155022,155023],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,155024,155025],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155026,155027],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155028,114],{"class":58},[20,155030,123,155031,155034],{},[15,155032,155033],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[129,155036,132],{"id":131},[134,155038,155039,155044,155048,155051],{},[137,155040,139,155041,155043],{},[15,155042,25],{}," works with tuples",[137,155045,145,155046,148],{},[15,155047,25],{},[137,155049,155050],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[137,155052,790],{},[129,155054,1940],{"id":1939},[20,155056,155057],{},"Use this pattern:",[31,155059,155061],{"className":33,"code":155060,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155062,155063],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155064,155065,155067,155069,155071],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155066,17],{"class":84},[40,155068,88],{"class":54},[40,155070,147606],{"class":91},[40,155072,95],{"class":54},[20,155074,11228],{},[134,155076,155077,155080,155083],{},[137,155078,155079],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[137,155081,155082],{},"The result is an integer",[137,155084,155085,155087],{},[15,155086,25],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155089,195],{},[31,155091,155093],{"className":33,"code":155092,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155094,155095,155119,155133,155137],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155096,155097,155099,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155098,47],{"class":46},[40,155100,51],{"class":50},[40,155102,9006],{"class":54},[40,155104,59],{"class":58},[40,155106,62],{"class":54},[40,155108,65],{"class":58},[40,155110,62],{"class":54},[40,155112,70],{"class":58},[40,155114,62],{"class":54},[40,155116,50596],{"class":58},[40,155118,95],{"class":54},[40,155120,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,155122,79],{"class":46},[40,155124,51],{"class":50},[40,155126,85],{"class":84},[40,155128,88],{"class":54},[40,155130,92],{"class":91},[40,155132,95],{"class":54},[40,155134,155135],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,155136,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,155138,155139,155141,155143,155145],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,155140,101],{"class":84},[40,155142,88],{"class":54},[40,155144,106],{"class":91},[40,155146,95],{"class":54},[20,155148,155149],{},[183,155150,111],{},[31,155152,155153],{"className":33,"code":48402,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,155154,155155],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155156,155157],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155158,48402],{"class":58},[20,155160,155161,155162,289],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[282,155163,285,155164,288],{"href":284},[15,155165,25],{},[129,155167,158,155169,155171],{"id":155168},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155170,25],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155173,155174,155175,155177],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155176,25],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[792,155179,155181],{"id":155180},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[31,155183,155185],{"className":33,"code":155184,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155186,155187,155219],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155188,155189,155191,155193,155195,155197,155199,155201,155203,155205,155207,155209,155211,155213,155215,155217],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155190,35995],{"class":46},[40,155192,51],{"class":50},[40,155194,9006],{"class":54},[40,155196,213],{"class":212},[40,155198,3862],{"class":216},[40,155200,213],{"class":212},[40,155202,62],{"class":54},[40,155204,224],{"class":212},[40,155206,3871],{"class":216},[40,155208,213],{"class":212},[40,155210,62],{"class":54},[40,155212,224],{"class":212},[40,155214,32982],{"class":216},[40,155216,213],{"class":212},[40,155218,95],{"class":54},[40,155220,155221,155223,155225,155227,155229,155231],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,155222,101],{"class":84},[40,155224,88],{"class":54},[40,155226,17],{"class":84},[40,155228,88],{"class":54},[40,155230,36047],{"class":91},[40,155232,256],{"class":54},[20,155234,155235],{},[183,155236,111],{},[31,155238,155239],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,155240,155241],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155242,155243],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155244,114],{"class":58},[792,155246,155248],{"id":155247},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[31,155250,155252],{"className":33,"code":155251,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155253,155254,155263],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155255,155256,155259,155261],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155257,155258],{"class":46},"empty_tuple ",[40,155260,51],{"class":50},[40,155262,148930],{"class":54},[40,155264,155265,155267,155269,155271,155273,155276],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,155266,101],{"class":84},[40,155268,88],{"class":54},[40,155270,17],{"class":84},[40,155272,88],{"class":54},[40,155274,155275],{"class":91},"empty_tuple",[40,155277,256],{"class":54},[20,155279,155280],{},[183,155281,111],{},[31,155283,155284],{"className":33,"code":504,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,155285,155286],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155287,155288],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155289,504],{"class":58},[792,155291,155293],{"id":155292},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[31,155295,155297],{"className":33,"code":155296,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155298,155299,155312],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155300,155301,155304,155306,155308,155310],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155302,155303],{"class":46},"single_value ",[40,155305,51],{"class":50},[40,155307,9006],{"class":54},[40,155309,682],{"class":58},[40,155311,148944],{"class":54},[40,155313,155314,155316,155318,155320,155322,155325],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,155315,101],{"class":84},[40,155317,88],{"class":54},[40,155319,17],{"class":84},[40,155321,88],{"class":54},[40,155323,155324],{"class":91},"single_value",[40,155326,256],{"class":54},[20,155328,155329],{},[183,155330,111],{},[31,155332,155333],{"className":33,"code":46669,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,155334,155335],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155336,155337],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155338,46669],{"class":58},[792,155340,155342],{"id":155341},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155344,155345],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[31,155347,155349],{"className":33,"code":155348,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155350,155351,155383],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155352,155353,155355,155357,155359,155361,155363,155365,155367,155369,155371,155373,155375,155377,155379,155381],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155354,650],{"class":46},[40,155356,51],{"class":50},[40,155358,9006],{"class":54},[40,155360,658],{"class":58},[40,155362,62],{"class":54},[40,155364,9006],{"class":54},[40,155366,744],{"class":58},[40,155368,62],{"class":54},[40,155370,749],{"class":58},[40,155372,9003],{"class":54},[40,155374,55],{"class":54},[40,155376,2288],{"class":58},[40,155378,62],{"class":54},[40,155380,4387],{"class":58},[40,155382,570],{"class":54},[40,155384,155385,155387,155389,155391,155393,155395],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,155386,101],{"class":84},[40,155388,88],{"class":54},[40,155390,17],{"class":84},[40,155392,88],{"class":54},[40,155394,703],{"class":91},[40,155396,256],{"class":54},[20,155398,155399],{},[183,155400,111],{},[31,155402,155403],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,155404,155405],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155406,155407],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155408,114],{"class":58},[20,155410,19718],{},[134,155412,155413,155418,155423],{},[137,155414,155415,155417],{},[15,155416,658],{}," is one item",[137,155419,155420,155417],{},[15,155421,155422],{},"(2, 3)",[137,155424,155425,155417],{},[15,155426,155427],{},"[4, 5]",[129,155429,155431],{"id":155430},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[792,155433,155435],{"id":155434},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[31,155437,155439],{"className":33,"code":155438,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155440,155441,155481],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155442,155443,155445,155447,155449,155451,155453,155455,155457,155459,155461,155463,155465,155467,155469,155471,155473,155475,155477,155479],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155444,309],{"class":46},[40,155446,51],{"class":50},[40,155448,9006],{"class":54},[40,155450,213],{"class":212},[40,155452,318],{"class":216},[40,155454,213],{"class":212},[40,155456,62],{"class":54},[40,155458,224],{"class":212},[40,155460,327],{"class":216},[40,155462,213],{"class":212},[40,155464,62],{"class":54},[40,155466,224],{"class":212},[40,155468,336],{"class":216},[40,155470,213],{"class":212},[40,155472,62],{"class":54},[40,155474,224],{"class":212},[40,155476,22285],{"class":216},[40,155478,213],{"class":212},[40,155480,95],{"class":54},[40,155482,155483,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,155484,101],{"class":84},[40,155486,88],{"class":54},[40,155488,17],{"class":84},[40,155490,88],{"class":54},[40,155492,353],{"class":91},[40,155494,256],{"class":54},[20,155496,155497],{},[183,155498,111],{},[31,155500,155501],{"className":33,"code":48402,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,155502,155503],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155504,155505],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155506,48402],{"class":58},[792,155508,155248],{"id":155509},"empty-tuple-1",[31,155511,155513],{"className":33,"code":155512,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155514,155515,155523],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155516,155517,155519,155521],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155518,479],{"class":46},[40,155520,51],{"class":50},[40,155522,148930],{"class":54},[40,155524,155525,155527,155529,155531,155533,155535],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,155526,101],{"class":84},[40,155528,88],{"class":54},[40,155530,17],{"class":84},[40,155532,88],{"class":54},[40,155534,497],{"class":91},[40,155536,256],{"class":54},[20,155538,155539],{},[183,155540,111],{},[31,155542,155543],{"className":33,"code":504,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,155544,155545],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155546,155547],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155548,504],{"class":58},[792,155550,155552],{"id":155551},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155554,155555,155556,155558],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[183,155557,185],{}," always a tuple.",[31,155560,155562],{"className":33,"code":155561,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155563,155564,155576,155588,155592,155606,155620],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155565,155566,155568,155570,155572,155574],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155567,1384],{"class":46},[40,155569,51],{"class":50},[40,155571,9006],{"class":54},[40,155573,682],{"class":58},[40,155575,95],{"class":54},[40,155577,155578,155580,155582,155584,155586],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,155579,1405],{"class":46},[40,155581,51],{"class":50},[40,155583,9006],{"class":54},[40,155585,682],{"class":58},[40,155587,148944],{"class":54},[40,155589,155590],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,155591,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,155593,155594,155596,155598,155600,155602,155604],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,155595,101],{"class":84},[40,155597,88],{"class":54},[40,155599,1297],{"class":609},[40,155601,88],{"class":54},[40,155603,282],{"class":91},[40,155605,256],{"class":54},[40,155607,155608,155610,155612,155614,155616,155618],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,155609,101],{"class":84},[40,155611,88],{"class":54},[40,155613,1297],{"class":609},[40,155615,88],{"class":54},[40,155617,1017],{"class":91},[40,155619,256],{"class":54},[40,155621,155622,155624,155626,155628,155630,155632],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,155623,101],{"class":84},[40,155625,88],{"class":54},[40,155627,17],{"class":84},[40,155629,88],{"class":54},[40,155631,1017],{"class":91},[40,155633,256],{"class":54},[20,155635,155636],{},[183,155637,111],{},[31,155639,155641],{"className":33,"code":155640,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155642,155643,155657,155671],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155644,155645,155647,155649,155651,155653,155655],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155646,3076],{"class":50},[40,155648,3079],{"class":1848},[40,155650,3082],{"class":212},[40,155652,1972],{"class":216},[40,155654,3087],{"class":212},[40,155656,3090],{"class":50},[40,155658,155659,155661,155663,155665,155667,155669],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,155660,3076],{"class":50},[40,155662,3079],{"class":1848},[40,155664,3082],{"class":212},[40,155666,48705],{"class":216},[40,155668,3087],{"class":212},[40,155670,3090],{"class":50},[40,155672,155673],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,155674,46669],{"class":58},[20,155676,155677,155678,4176,155681,289],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[282,155679,155680],{"href":147591},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[282,155682,148892],{"href":148891},[792,155684,155686],{"id":155685},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[31,155688,155690],{"className":33,"code":155689,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155691,155692,155736],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155693,155694,155696,155698,155700,155702,155704,155706,155708,155710,155712,155714,155716,155718,155720,155722,155724,155726,155728,155730,155732,155734],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155695,731],{"class":46},[40,155697,51],{"class":50},[40,155699,9006],{"class":54},[40,155701,213],{"class":212},[40,155703,3862],{"class":216},[40,155705,213],{"class":212},[40,155707,62],{"class":54},[40,155709,55],{"class":54},[40,155711,658],{"class":58},[40,155713,62],{"class":54},[40,155715,663],{"class":58},[40,155717,666],{"class":54},[40,155719,9006],{"class":54},[40,155721,213],{"class":212},[40,155723,1957],{"class":216},[40,155725,213],{"class":212},[40,155727,62],{"class":54},[40,155729,224],{"class":212},[40,155731,11514],{"class":216},[40,155733,213],{"class":212},[40,155735,256],{"class":54},[40,155737,155738,155740,155742,155744,155746,155748],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,155739,101],{"class":84},[40,155741,88],{"class":54},[40,155743,17],{"class":84},[40,155745,88],{"class":54},[40,155747,768],{"class":91},[40,155749,256],{"class":54},[20,155751,155752],{},[183,155753,111],{},[31,155755,155756],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,155757,155758],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155759,155760],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155761,114],{"class":58},[20,155763,155764,155766],{},[15,155765,25],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[129,155768,155770],{"id":155769},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[792,155772,155774,155776],{"id":155773},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155775,25],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[31,155778,155780],{"className":33,"code":155779,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155781,155782,155806],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155783,155784,155786,155788,155790,155792,155794,155796,155798,155800,155802,155804],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155785,205],{"class":46},[40,155787,51],{"class":50},[40,155789,9006],{"class":54},[40,155791,213],{"class":212},[40,155793,63335],{"class":216},[40,155795,213],{"class":212},[40,155797,62],{"class":54},[40,155799,224],{"class":212},[40,155801,35],{"class":216},[40,155803,213],{"class":212},[40,155805,95],{"class":54},[40,155807,155808,155810,155812,155814,155816,155818],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,155809,101],{"class":84},[40,155811,88],{"class":54},[40,155813,17],{"class":84},[40,155815,88],{"class":54},[40,155817,253],{"class":91},[40,155819,256],{"class":54},[20,155821,155822],{},[183,155823,111],{},[31,155825,155826],{"className":33,"code":1489,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,155827,155828],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155829,155830],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155831,1489],{"class":58},[20,155833,155834,155835,155837],{},"This result is ",[15,155836,744],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155839,155840],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[31,155842,155844],{"className":33,"code":155843,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155845,155846,155870],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155847,155848,155850,155852,155854,155856,155858,155860,155862,155864,155866,155868],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155849,205],{"class":46},[40,155851,51],{"class":50},[40,155853,9006],{"class":54},[40,155855,213],{"class":212},[40,155857,63335],{"class":216},[40,155859,213],{"class":212},[40,155861,62],{"class":54},[40,155863,224],{"class":212},[40,155865,35],{"class":216},[40,155867,213],{"class":212},[40,155869,95],{"class":54},[40,155871,155872,155874,155876,155878,155880,155882,155884,155886],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,155873,101],{"class":84},[40,155875,88],{"class":54},[40,155877,17],{"class":84},[40,155879,88],{"class":54},[40,155881,253],{"class":91},[40,155883,565],{"class":54},[40,155885,192],{"class":58},[40,155887,2784],{"class":54},[20,155889,155890],{},[183,155891,111],{},[31,155893,155894],{"className":33,"code":1489,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,155895,155896],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155897,155898],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155899,1489],{"class":58},[20,155901,20532,155902,155905,155906,289],{},[15,155903,155904],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155907,155908],{},"\"hi\"",[792,155910,155912,155914],{"id":155911},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155913,25],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[31,155916,155918],{"className":33,"code":155917,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155919,155920,155956],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155921,155922,155924,155926,155928,155930,155932,155934,155936,155938,155940,155942,155944,155946,155948,155950,155952,155954],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155923,3610],{"class":46},[40,155925,51],{"class":50},[40,155927,9764],{"class":54},[40,155929,658],{"class":58},[40,155931,62],{"class":54},[40,155933,663],{"class":58},[40,155935,9003],{"class":54},[40,155937,9006],{"class":54},[40,155939,401],{"class":58},[40,155941,62],{"class":54},[40,155943,675],{"class":58},[40,155945,9003],{"class":54},[40,155947,9006],{"class":54},[40,155949,682],{"class":58},[40,155951,62],{"class":54},[40,155953,687],{"class":58},[40,155955,256],{"class":54},[40,155957,155958,155960,155962,155964,155966,155968],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,155959,101],{"class":84},[40,155961,88],{"class":54},[40,155963,17],{"class":84},[40,155965,88],{"class":54},[40,155967,5137],{"class":91},[40,155969,256],{"class":54},[20,155971,155972],{},[183,155973,111],{},[31,155975,155976],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,155977,155978],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155979,155980],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155981,114],{"class":58},[20,155983,155984],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[792,155986,155988],{"id":155987},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155990,25451],{},[31,155992,155994],{"className":33,"code":155993,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155995,155996,156008],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,155997,155998,156000,156002,156004,156006],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,155999,2230],{"class":46},[40,156001,51],{"class":50},[40,156003,9006],{"class":54},[40,156005,59],{"class":58},[40,156007,95],{"class":54},[40,156009,156010,156012,156014,156016,156018,156020],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,156011,101],{"class":84},[40,156013,88],{"class":54},[40,156015,1297],{"class":609},[40,156017,88],{"class":54},[40,156019,2255],{"class":91},[40,156021,256],{"class":54},[20,156023,156024],{},[183,156025,111],{},[31,156027,156029],{"className":33,"code":156028,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156030,156031],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156032,156033,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156034,3076],{"class":50},[40,156036,3079],{"class":1848},[40,156038,3082],{"class":212},[40,156040,1972],{"class":216},[40,156042,3087],{"class":212},[40,156044,3090],{"class":50},[20,156046,156047],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[31,156049,156051],{"className":33,"code":156050,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156052,156053,156065,156079],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156054,156055,156057,156059,156061,156063],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156056,2230],{"class":46},[40,156058,51],{"class":50},[40,156060,9006],{"class":54},[40,156062,59],{"class":58},[40,156064,148944],{"class":54},[40,156066,156067,156069,156071,156073,156075,156077],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,156068,101],{"class":84},[40,156070,88],{"class":54},[40,156072,1297],{"class":609},[40,156074,88],{"class":54},[40,156076,2255],{"class":91},[40,156078,256],{"class":54},[40,156080,156081,156083,156085,156087,156089,156091],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,156082,101],{"class":84},[40,156084,88],{"class":54},[40,156086,17],{"class":84},[40,156088,88],{"class":54},[40,156090,2255],{"class":91},[40,156092,256],{"class":54},[20,156094,156095],{},[183,156096,111],{},[31,156098,156100],{"className":33,"code":156099,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156101,156102,156116],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156103,156104,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156105,3076],{"class":50},[40,156107,3079],{"class":1848},[40,156109,3082],{"class":212},[40,156111,48705],{"class":216},[40,156113,3087],{"class":212},[40,156115,3090],{"class":50},[40,156117,156118],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,156119,46669],{"class":58},[792,156121,156123,156125],{"id":156122},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156124,17],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156127,44181,156128,156130],{},[15,156129,17],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156132,44212],{},[31,156134,156136],{"className":33,"code":156135,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156137,156138,156146,156166],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156139,156140,156142,156144],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156141,17],{"class":84},[40,156143,13043],{"class":50},[40,156145,2369],{"class":58},[40,156147,156148,156150,156152,156154,156156,156158,156160,156162,156164],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,156149,47],{"class":46},[40,156151,51],{"class":50},[40,156153,9006],{"class":54},[40,156155,658],{"class":58},[40,156157,62],{"class":54},[40,156159,663],{"class":58},[40,156161,62],{"class":54},[40,156163,749],{"class":58},[40,156165,95],{"class":54},[40,156167,156168,156170,156172,156174,156176,156178],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,156169,101],{"class":84},[40,156171,88],{"class":54},[40,156173,17],{"class":84},[40,156175,88],{"class":54},[40,156177,92],{"class":91},[40,156179,256],{"class":54},[20,156181,39408,156182,156184],{},[15,156183,17],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156186,156187],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[31,156189,156191],{"className":33,"code":156190,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156192,156193,156202,156222],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156194,156195,156198,156200],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156196,156197],{"class":46},"length_value ",[40,156199,51],{"class":50},[40,156201,2369],{"class":58},[40,156203,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216,156218,156220],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,156205,47],{"class":46},[40,156207,51],{"class":50},[40,156209,9006],{"class":54},[40,156211,658],{"class":58},[40,156213,62],{"class":54},[40,156215,663],{"class":58},[40,156217,62],{"class":54},[40,156219,749],{"class":58},[40,156221,95],{"class":54},[40,156223,156224,156226,156228,156230,156232,156234],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,156225,101],{"class":84},[40,156227,88],{"class":54},[40,156229,17],{"class":84},[40,156231,88],{"class":54},[40,156233,92],{"class":91},[40,156235,256],{"class":54},[20,156237,156238],{},[183,156239,111],{},[31,156241,156242],{"className":33,"code":114,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,156243,156244],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156245,156246],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156247,114],{"class":58},[129,156249,156251],{"id":156250},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156253,156254,156256],{},[15,156255,25],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[792,156258,156260],{"id":156259},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[31,156262,156264],{"className":33,"code":156263,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156265,156266,156274,156278,156296],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156267,156268,156270,156272],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156269,479],{"class":46},[40,156271,51],{"class":50},[40,156273,148930],{"class":54},[40,156275,156276],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,156277,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,156279,156280,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292,156294],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,156281,536],{"class":535},[40,156283,85],{"class":84},[40,156285,88],{"class":54},[40,156287,497],{"class":91},[40,156289,18],{"class":54},[40,156291,6185],{"class":50},[40,156293,550],{"class":58},[40,156295,553],{"class":54},[40,156297,156298,156300,156302,156304,156307,156309],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,156299,558],{"class":84},[40,156301,88],{"class":54},[40,156303,213],{"class":212},[40,156305,156306],{"class":216},"The tuple is empty",[40,156308,213],{"class":212},[40,156310,95],{"class":54},[20,156312,156313],{},[183,156314,111],{},[31,156316,156318],{"className":33,"code":156317,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156319,156320],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156321,156322,156324,156326,156328],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156323,606],{"class":46},[40,156325,48705],{"class":609},[40,156327,613],{"class":50},[40,156329,616],{"class":46},[792,156331,156333],{"id":156332},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[31,156335,156337],{"className":33,"code":156336,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156338,156339,156355,156359,156377],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156340,156341,156343,156345,156347,156349,156351,156353],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156342,51137],{"class":46},[40,156344,51],{"class":50},[40,156346,9006],{"class":54},[40,156348,2288],{"class":58},[40,156350,62],{"class":54},[40,156352,5770],{"class":58},[40,156354,95],{"class":54},[40,156356,156357],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,156358,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,156360,156361,156363,156365,156367,156369,156371,156373,156375],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,156362,536],{"class":535},[40,156364,85],{"class":84},[40,156366,88],{"class":54},[40,156368,51162],{"class":91},[40,156370,18],{"class":54},[40,156372,6185],{"class":50},[40,156374,663],{"class":58},[40,156376,553],{"class":54},[40,156378,156379,156381,156383,156385,156388,156390],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,156380,558],{"class":84},[40,156382,88],{"class":54},[40,156384,213],{"class":212},[40,156386,156387],{"class":216},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[40,156389,213],{"class":212},[40,156391,95],{"class":54},[20,156393,156394],{},[183,156395,111],{},[31,156397,156399],{"className":33,"code":156398,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156400,156401],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156402,156403,156406,156408],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156404,156405],{"class":46},"This looks like an x",[40,156407,62],{"class":54},[40,156409,156410],{"class":46}," y coordinate\n",[792,156412,156414],{"id":156413},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[31,156416,156418],{"className":33,"code":156417,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156419,156420,156449,156453,156471],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156421,156422,156424,156426,156428,156430,156432,156434,156436,156438,156440,156442,156445,156447],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156423,11258],{"class":46},[40,156425,51],{"class":50},[40,156427,9006],{"class":54},[40,156429,213],{"class":212},[40,156431,1517],{"class":216},[40,156433,213],{"class":212},[40,156435,62],{"class":54},[40,156437,9076],{"class":58},[40,156439,62],{"class":54},[40,156441,224],{"class":212},[40,156443,156444],{"class":216},"Canada",[40,156446,213],{"class":212},[40,156448,95],{"class":54},[40,156450,156451],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,156452,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,156454,156455,156457,156459,156461,156463,156465,156467,156469],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,156456,536],{"class":535},[40,156458,85],{"class":84},[40,156460,88],{"class":54},[40,156462,11352],{"class":91},[40,156464,18],{"class":54},[40,156466,6185],{"class":50},[40,156468,749],{"class":58},[40,156470,553],{"class":54},[40,156472,156473,156475,156477,156479,156482,156484],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,156474,558],{"class":84},[40,156476,88],{"class":54},[40,156478,213],{"class":212},[40,156480,156481],{"class":216},"User record has the expected number of values",[40,156483,213],{"class":212},[40,156485,95],{"class":54},[20,156487,156488],{},[183,156489,111],{},[31,156491,156493],{"className":33,"code":156492,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156494,156495],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156496,156497],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156498,156492],{"class":46},[792,156500,156502],{"id":156501},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[31,156504,156506],{"className":33,"code":156505,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156507,156508,156540,156544,156564],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156509,156510,156512,156514,156516,156518,156520,156522,156524,156526,156528,156530,156532,156534,156536,156538],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156511,1000],{"class":46},[40,156513,51],{"class":50},[40,156515,9006],{"class":54},[40,156517,213],{"class":212},[40,156519,282],{"class":216},[40,156521,213],{"class":212},[40,156523,62],{"class":54},[40,156525,224],{"class":212},[40,156527,1017],{"class":216},[40,156529,213],{"class":212},[40,156531,62],{"class":54},[40,156533,224],{"class":212},[40,156535,1026],{"class":216},[40,156537,213],{"class":212},[40,156539,95],{"class":54},[40,156541,156542],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,156543,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,156545,156546,156548,156550,156552,156554,156556,156558,156560,156562],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,156547,1548],{"class":535},[40,156549,1551],{"class":46},[40,156551,1554],{"class":535},[40,156553,1557],{"class":84},[40,156555,88],{"class":54},[40,156557,17],{"class":84},[40,156559,88],{"class":54},[40,156561,1043],{"class":91},[40,156563,1569],{"class":54},[40,156565,156566,156568,156570,156572,156574,156576,156578,156580],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,156567,558],{"class":84},[40,156569,88],{"class":54},[40,156571,1578],{"class":91},[40,156573,62],{"class":54},[40,156575,69695],{"class":91},[40,156577,565],{"class":54},[40,156579,1578],{"class":91},[40,156581,570],{"class":54},[20,156583,156584],{},[183,156585,111],{},[31,156587,156588],{"className":33,"code":35922,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,156589,156590,156596,156602],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156591,156592,156594],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156593,192],{"class":58},[40,156595,35931],{"class":46},[40,156597,156598,156600],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,156599,658],{"class":58},[40,156601,35938],{"class":46},[40,156603,156604,156606],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,156605,744],{"class":58},[40,156607,35945],{"class":46},[20,156609,156610,156611,156613,156614,289],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[282,156612,149261],{"href":149260},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[282,156615,150505],{"href":150504},[129,156617,2613],{"id":2612},[20,156619,156620],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[134,156622,156623,156631,156638,156643],{},[137,156624,156625,156626,799,156629],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156627,156628],{},"(5)",[15,156630,149095],{},[137,156632,795,156633,156635,156636],{},[15,156634,17],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156637,25],{},[137,156639,8223,156640,156642],{},[15,156641,25],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[137,156644,156645],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156647,31843],{},[31,156649,156651],{"className":33,"code":156650,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156652,156653,156663,156677,156691],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156654,156655,156657,156659,156661],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156656,101],{"class":84},[40,156658,88],{"class":54},[40,156660,147606],{"class":91},[40,156662,95],{"class":54},[40,156664,156665,156667,156669,156671,156673,156675],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,156666,101],{"class":84},[40,156668,88],{"class":54},[40,156670,1297],{"class":609},[40,156672,88],{"class":54},[40,156674,147606],{"class":91},[40,156676,256],{"class":54},[40,156678,156679,156681,156683,156685,156687,156689],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,156680,101],{"class":84},[40,156682,88],{"class":54},[40,156684,17],{"class":84},[40,156686,88],{"class":54},[40,156688,147606],{"class":91},[40,156690,256],{"class":54},[40,156692,156693,156695,156697,156699],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,156694,31913],{"class":84},[40,156696,88],{"class":54},[40,156698,17],{"class":84},[40,156700,95],{"class":54},[20,156702,154815],{},[134,156704,156705,156708,156711,156715],{},[137,156706,156707],{},"what value you are using",[137,156709,156710],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[137,156712,25780,156713,148],{},[15,156714,25],{},[137,156716,122979,156717,156719],{},[15,156718,25],{}," is documented in Python",[129,156721,1636],{"id":1635},[792,156723,156725],{"id":156724},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156727,123,156728,156731],{},[15,156729,156730],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[792,156733,12474,156735,148765],{"id":156734},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156736,25],{},[20,156738,46118,156739,156741],{},[15,156740,25],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[792,156743,156745],{"id":156744},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156747,156748,156749,289],{},"The length is ",[15,156750,192],{},[792,156752,156754],{"id":156753},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156756,150451,156757,156759],{},[15,156758,150454],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[792,156761,12474,156763,156765],{"id":156762},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156764,25],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156767,156768],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[129,156770,1687],{"id":1686},[134,156772,156773,156779,156783,156787,156791],{},[137,156774,156775],{},[282,156776,285,156777,288],{"href":284},[15,156778,25],{},[137,156780,156781],{},[282,156782,155680],{"href":147591},[137,156784,156785],{},[282,156786,149261],{"href":149260},[137,156788,156789],{},[282,156790,150505],{"href":150504},[137,156792,156793],{},[282,156794,156795],{"href":148891},"What is a tuple in Python",[1715,156797,156798],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":156800},[156801,156802,156803,156810,156816,156825,156831,156832,156841],{"id":131,"depth":76,"text":132},{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":155168,"depth":76,"text":156804,"children":156805},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156806,156807,156808,156809],{"id":155180,"depth":98,"text":155181},{"id":155247,"depth":98,"text":155248},{"id":155292,"depth":98,"text":155293},{"id":155341,"depth":98,"text":155342},{"id":155430,"depth":76,"text":155431,"children":156811},[156812,156813,156814,156815],{"id":155434,"depth":98,"text":155435},{"id":155509,"depth":98,"text":155248},{"id":155551,"depth":98,"text":155552},{"id":155685,"depth":98,"text":155686},{"id":155769,"depth":76,"text":155770,"children":156817},[156818,156820,156822,156823],{"id":155773,"depth":98,"text":156819},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155911,"depth":98,"text":156821},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155987,"depth":98,"text":155988},{"id":156122,"depth":98,"text":156824},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156250,"depth":76,"text":156251,"children":156826},[156827,156828,156829,156830],{"id":156259,"depth":98,"text":156260},{"id":156332,"depth":98,"text":156333},{"id":156413,"depth":98,"text":156414},{"id":156501,"depth":98,"text":156502},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":156833},[156834,156835,156837,156838,156839],{"id":156724,"depth":98,"text":156725},{"id":156734,"depth":98,"text":156836},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156744,"depth":98,"text":156745},{"id":156753,"depth":98,"text":156754},{"id":156762,"depth":98,"text":156840},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154952,"description":156842},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156849,"title":156850,"body":156851,"description":159236,"extension":1746,"meta":159237,"navigation":360,"path":159238,"seo":159239,"stem":159240,"__hash__":159241},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156852,"toc":159197},[156853,156856,156859,156862,156885,156891,156893,157004,157008,157011,157021,157023,157122,157124,157201,157207,157211,157214,157237,157240,157257,157260,157262,157325,157327,157344,157355,157360,157362,157365,157371,157422,157424,157444,157448,157499,157501,157522,157526,157581,157583,157604,157608,157663,157665,157686,157690,157743,157745,157774,157776,157778,157781,157785,157842,157844,157865,157869,157922,157924,157949,157954,157958,157963,157981,157984,158047,158049,158070,158073,158134,158136,158157,158160,158203,158206,158210,158215,158219,158298,158300,158331,158335,158410,158412,158439,158443,158490,158492,158500,158505,158509,158512,158527,158529,158617,158619,158644,158647,158690,158699,158701,158704,158719,158722,158726,158780,158782,158802,158807,158811,158813,158851,158854,158904,158908,158981,158983,159020,159023,159025,159028,159048,159051,159120,159122,159135,159137,159141,159144,159148,159151,159156,159159,159165,159170,159172,159194],[10,156854,156850],{"id":156855},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156857,156858],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156860,156861],{},"Use this format:",[31,156863,156865],{"className":33,"code":156864,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156866,156867],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156868,156869,156871,156873,156875,156877,156879,156881,156883],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156870,48705],{"class":46},[40,156872,565],{"class":54},[40,156874,35831],{"class":46},[40,156876,2669],{"class":54},[40,156878,75025],{"class":46},[40,156880,2669],{"class":54},[40,156882,75028],{"class":46},[40,156884,73],{"class":54},[20,156886,606,156887,75061,156889,289],{},[15,156888,75025],{},[183,156890,64809],{},[129,156892,1787],{"id":1786},[31,156894,156896],{"className":33,"code":156895,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156897,156898,156926,156930,156951,156968,156985],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,156899,156900,156902,156904,156906,156908,156910,156912,156914,156916,156918,156920,156922,156924],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,156901,47],{"class":46},[40,156903,51],{"class":50},[40,156905,9006],{"class":54},[40,156907,59],{"class":58},[40,156909,62],{"class":54},[40,156911,65],{"class":58},[40,156913,62],{"class":54},[40,156915,70],{"class":58},[40,156917,62],{"class":54},[40,156919,50596],{"class":58},[40,156921,62],{"class":54},[40,156923,4859],{"class":58},[40,156925,95],{"class":54},[40,156927,156928],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,156929,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,156931,156932,156934,156936,156938,156940,156942,156944,156946,156948],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,156933,101],{"class":84},[40,156935,88],{"class":54},[40,156937,92],{"class":91},[40,156939,565],{"class":54},[40,156941,658],{"class":58},[40,156943,2669],{"class":54},[40,156945,2288],{"class":58},[40,156947,20207],{"class":54},[40,156949,156950],{"class":3449},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[40,156952,156953,156955,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,156954,101],{"class":84},[40,156956,88],{"class":54},[40,156958,92],{"class":91},[40,156960,75134],{"class":54},[40,156962,401],{"class":58},[40,156964,20207],{"class":54},[40,156966,156967],{"class":3449},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[40,156969,156970,156972,156974,156976,156978,156980,156982],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,156971,101],{"class":84},[40,156973,88],{"class":54},[40,156975,92],{"class":91},[40,156977,73721],{"class":54},[40,156979,744],{"class":58},[40,156981,20207],{"class":54},[40,156983,156984],{"class":3449},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[40,156986,156987,156989,156991,156993,156995,156997,156999,157001],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,156988,101],{"class":84},[40,156990,88],{"class":54},[40,156992,92],{"class":91},[40,156994,73721],{"class":54},[40,156996,1806],{"class":50},[40,156998,658],{"class":58},[40,157000,20207],{"class":54},[40,157002,157003],{"class":3449},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[129,157005,157007],{"id":157006},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157009,157010],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[134,157012,157013,157015,157018],{},[137,157014,75328],{},[137,157016,157017],{},"The result is a new tuple",[137,157019,157020],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157022,195],{},[31,157024,157026],{"className":33,"code":157025,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157027,157028,157076,157080,157098,157102,157112],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157029,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040,157042,157044,157046,157048,157050,157052,157054,157056,157058,157060,157062,157064,157066,157068,157070,157072,157074],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157031,1000],{"class":46},[40,157033,51],{"class":50},[40,157035,9006],{"class":54},[40,157037,213],{"class":212},[40,157039,282],{"class":216},[40,157041,213],{"class":212},[40,157043,62],{"class":54},[40,157045,224],{"class":212},[40,157047,1017],{"class":216},[40,157049,213],{"class":212},[40,157051,62],{"class":54},[40,157053,224],{"class":212},[40,157055,1026],{"class":216},[40,157057,213],{"class":212},[40,157059,62],{"class":54},[40,157061,224],{"class":212},[40,157063,18530],{"class":216},[40,157065,213],{"class":212},[40,157067,62],{"class":54},[40,157069,224],{"class":212},[40,157071,60187],{"class":216},[40,157073,213],{"class":212},[40,157075,95],{"class":54},[40,157077,157078],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,157079,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,157081,157082,157084,157086,157088,157090,157092,157094,157096],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,157083,75258],{"class":46},[40,157085,51],{"class":50},[40,157087,69695],{"class":46},[40,157089,565],{"class":54},[40,157091,658],{"class":58},[40,157093,2669],{"class":54},[40,157095,2288],{"class":58},[40,157097,73],{"class":54},[40,157099,157100],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,157101,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,157103,157104,157106,157108,157110],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,157105,101],{"class":84},[40,157107,88],{"class":54},[40,157109,75281],{"class":91},[40,157111,95],{"class":54},[40,157113,157114,157116,157118,157120],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,157115,101],{"class":84},[40,157117,88],{"class":54},[40,157119,1043],{"class":91},[40,157121,95],{"class":54},[20,157123,111],{},[31,157125,157127],{"className":33,"code":157126,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157128,157129,157157],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157130,157131,157133,157135,157137,157139,157141,157143,157145,157147,157149,157151,157153,157155],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157132,88],{"class":54},[40,157134,3087],{"class":212},[40,157136,1017],{"class":216},[40,157138,3087],{"class":212},[40,157140,62],{"class":54},[40,157142,3082],{"class":212},[40,157144,1026],{"class":216},[40,157146,3087],{"class":212},[40,157148,62],{"class":54},[40,157150,3082],{"class":212},[40,157152,18530],{"class":216},[40,157154,3087],{"class":212},[40,157156,95],{"class":54},[40,157158,157159,157161,157163,157165,157167,157169,157171,157173,157175,157177,157179,157181,157183,157185,157187,157189,157191,157193,157195,157197,157199],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,157160,88],{"class":54},[40,157162,3087],{"class":212},[40,157164,282],{"class":216},[40,157166,3087],{"class":212},[40,157168,62],{"class":54},[40,157170,3082],{"class":212},[40,157172,1017],{"class":216},[40,157174,3087],{"class":212},[40,157176,62],{"class":54},[40,157178,3082],{"class":212},[40,157180,1026],{"class":216},[40,157182,3087],{"class":212},[40,157184,62],{"class":54},[40,157186,3082],{"class":212},[40,157188,18530],{"class":216},[40,157190,3087],{"class":212},[40,157192,62],{"class":54},[40,157194,3082],{"class":212},[40,157196,60187],{"class":216},[40,157198,3087],{"class":212},[40,157200,95],{"class":54},[20,157202,157203,157204,289],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[282,157205,147588],{"href":157206},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[129,157208,157210],{"id":157209},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157212,157213],{},"The full syntax is:",[31,157215,157217],{"className":33,"code":157216,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157218,157219],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157220,157221,157223,157225,157227,157229,157231,157233,157235],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157222,147606],{"class":46},[40,157224,565],{"class":54},[40,157226,35831],{"class":46},[40,157228,2669],{"class":54},[40,157230,75025],{"class":46},[40,157232,2669],{"class":54},[40,157234,75028],{"class":46},[40,157236,73],{"class":54},[20,157238,157239],{},"Each part has a job:",[134,157241,157242,157247,157252],{},[137,157243,157244,157246],{},[15,157245,35831],{},": where slicing begins",[137,157248,157249,157251],{},[15,157250,75025],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[137,157253,157254,157256],{},[15,157255,75028],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157258,157259],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157261,195],{},[31,157263,157265],{"className":33,"code":157264,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157266,157267,157299,157303],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157268,157269,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293,157295,157297],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157270,47],{"class":46},[40,157272,51],{"class":50},[40,157274,9006],{"class":54},[40,157276,59],{"class":58},[40,157278,62],{"class":54},[40,157280,65],{"class":58},[40,157282,62],{"class":54},[40,157284,70],{"class":58},[40,157286,62],{"class":54},[40,157288,50596],{"class":58},[40,157290,62],{"class":54},[40,157292,4859],{"class":58},[40,157294,62],{"class":54},[40,157296,75699],{"class":58},[40,157298,95],{"class":54},[40,157300,157301],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,157302,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,157304,157305,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,157306,101],{"class":84},[40,157308,88],{"class":54},[40,157310,92],{"class":91},[40,157312,565],{"class":54},[40,157314,658],{"class":58},[40,157316,2669],{"class":54},[40,157318,682],{"class":58},[40,157320,2669],{"class":54},[40,157322,744],{"class":58},[40,157324,570],{"class":54},[20,157326,111],{},[31,157328,157330],{"className":33,"code":157329,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157331,157332],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157333,157334,157336,157338,157340,157342],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157335,88],{"class":54},[40,157337,15521],{"class":58},[40,157339,62],{"class":54},[40,157341,50596],{"class":58},[40,157343,95],{"class":54},[20,157345,157346,157347,157349,157350,157352,157353,289],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157348,658],{},", stops before index ",[15,157351,682],{},", and moves by ",[15,157354,744],{},[20,157356,157357,157358,289],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[282,157359,149261],{"href":152687},[129,157361,75615],{"id":75614},[20,157363,157364],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[792,157366,157368,157369,5742],{"id":157367},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157370,75629],{},[31,157372,157374],{"className":33,"code":157373,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157375,157376,157404,157408],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157377,157378,157380,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157379,47],{"class":46},[40,157381,51],{"class":50},[40,157383,9006],{"class":54},[40,157385,59],{"class":58},[40,157387,62],{"class":54},[40,157389,65],{"class":58},[40,157391,62],{"class":54},[40,157393,70],{"class":58},[40,157395,62],{"class":54},[40,157397,50596],{"class":58},[40,157399,62],{"class":54},[40,157401,4859],{"class":58},[40,157403,95],{"class":54},[40,157405,157406],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,157407,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,157409,157410,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,157411,101],{"class":84},[40,157413,88],{"class":54},[40,157415,92],{"class":91},[40,157417,75134],{"class":54},[40,157419,401],{"class":58},[40,157421,570],{"class":54},[20,157423,111],{},[31,157425,157426],{"className":33,"code":150953,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,157427,157428],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157429,157430,157432,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157431,88],{"class":54},[40,157433,59],{"class":58},[40,157435,62],{"class":54},[40,157437,65],{"class":58},[40,157439,62],{"class":54},[40,157441,70],{"class":58},[40,157443,95],{"class":54},[792,157445,157447],{"id":157446},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[31,157449,157451],{"className":33,"code":157450,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157452,157453,157481,157485],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157454,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473,157475,157477,157479],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157456,47],{"class":46},[40,157458,51],{"class":50},[40,157460,9006],{"class":54},[40,157462,59],{"class":58},[40,157464,62],{"class":54},[40,157466,65],{"class":58},[40,157468,62],{"class":54},[40,157470,70],{"class":58},[40,157472,62],{"class":54},[40,157474,50596],{"class":58},[40,157476,62],{"class":54},[40,157478,4859],{"class":58},[40,157480,95],{"class":54},[40,157482,157483],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,157484,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,157486,157487,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,157488,101],{"class":84},[40,157490,88],{"class":54},[40,157492,92],{"class":91},[40,157494,565],{"class":54},[40,157496,744],{"class":58},[40,157498,77315],{"class":54},[20,157500,111],{},[31,157502,157504],{"className":33,"code":157503,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157505,157506],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157507,157508,157510,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157509,88],{"class":54},[40,157511,36598],{"class":58},[40,157513,62],{"class":54},[40,157515,50596],{"class":58},[40,157517,62],{"class":54},[40,157519,4859],{"class":58},[40,157521,95],{"class":54},[792,157523,157525],{"id":157524},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[31,157527,157529],{"className":33,"code":157528,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157530,157531,157559,157563],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157532,157533,157535,157537,157539,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553,157555,157557],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157534,47],{"class":46},[40,157536,51],{"class":50},[40,157538,9006],{"class":54},[40,157540,59],{"class":58},[40,157542,62],{"class":54},[40,157544,65],{"class":58},[40,157546,62],{"class":54},[40,157548,70],{"class":58},[40,157550,62],{"class":54},[40,157552,50596],{"class":58},[40,157554,62],{"class":54},[40,157556,4859],{"class":58},[40,157558,95],{"class":54},[40,157560,157561],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,157562,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,157564,157565,157567,157569,157571,157573,157575,157577,157579],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,157566,101],{"class":84},[40,157568,88],{"class":54},[40,157570,92],{"class":91},[40,157572,565],{"class":54},[40,157574,658],{"class":58},[40,157576,2669],{"class":54},[40,157578,2288],{"class":58},[40,157580,570],{"class":54},[20,157582,111],{},[31,157584,157586],{"className":33,"code":157585,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157587,157588],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157589,157590,157592,157594,157596,157598,157600,157602],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157591,88],{"class":54},[40,157593,15521],{"class":58},[40,157595,62],{"class":54},[40,157597,70],{"class":58},[40,157599,62],{"class":54},[40,157601,50596],{"class":58},[40,157603,95],{"class":54},[792,157605,157607],{"id":157606},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[31,157609,157611],{"className":33,"code":157610,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157612,157613,157645,157649],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157614,157615,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157616,47],{"class":46},[40,157618,51],{"class":50},[40,157620,9006],{"class":54},[40,157622,59],{"class":58},[40,157624,62],{"class":54},[40,157626,65],{"class":58},[40,157628,62],{"class":54},[40,157630,70],{"class":58},[40,157632,62],{"class":54},[40,157634,50596],{"class":58},[40,157636,62],{"class":54},[40,157638,4859],{"class":58},[40,157640,62],{"class":54},[40,157642,75699],{"class":58},[40,157644,95],{"class":54},[40,157646,157647],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,157648,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,157650,157651,157653,157655,157657,157659,157661],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,157652,101],{"class":84},[40,157654,88],{"class":54},[40,157656,92],{"class":91},[40,157658,73721],{"class":54},[40,157660,744],{"class":58},[40,157662,570],{"class":54},[20,157664,111],{},[31,157666,157668],{"className":33,"code":157667,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157669,157670],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157671,157672,157674,157676,157678,157680,157682,157684],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157673,88],{"class":54},[40,157675,59],{"class":58},[40,157677,62],{"class":54},[40,157679,70],{"class":58},[40,157681,62],{"class":54},[40,157683,4859],{"class":58},[40,157685,95],{"class":54},[792,157687,157689],{"id":157688},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[31,157691,157693],{"className":33,"code":157692,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157694,157695,157723,157727],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157696,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713,157715,157717,157719,157721],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157698,47],{"class":46},[40,157700,51],{"class":50},[40,157702,9006],{"class":54},[40,157704,59],{"class":58},[40,157706,62],{"class":54},[40,157708,65],{"class":58},[40,157710,62],{"class":54},[40,157712,70],{"class":58},[40,157714,62],{"class":54},[40,157716,50596],{"class":58},[40,157718,62],{"class":54},[40,157720,4859],{"class":58},[40,157722,95],{"class":54},[40,157724,157725],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,157726,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,157728,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737,157739,157741],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,157730,101],{"class":84},[40,157732,88],{"class":54},[40,157734,92],{"class":91},[40,157736,73721],{"class":54},[40,157738,1806],{"class":50},[40,157740,658],{"class":58},[40,157742,570],{"class":54},[20,157744,111],{},[31,157746,157748],{"className":33,"code":157747,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157749,157750],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157751,157752,157754,157756,157758,157760,157762,157764,157766,157768,157770,157772],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157753,88],{"class":54},[40,157755,76393],{"class":58},[40,157757,62],{"class":54},[40,157759,50596],{"class":58},[40,157761,62],{"class":54},[40,157763,70],{"class":58},[40,157765,62],{"class":54},[40,157767,65],{"class":58},[40,157769,62],{"class":54},[40,157771,5781],{"class":58},[40,157773,95],{"class":54},[129,157775,75909],{"id":75908},[20,157777,153960],{},[20,157779,157780],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[792,157782,157784],{"id":157783},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[31,157786,157788],{"className":33,"code":157787,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157789,157790,157822,157826],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157791,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800,157802,157804,157806,157808,157810,157812,157814,157816,157818,157820],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157793,47],{"class":46},[40,157795,51],{"class":50},[40,157797,9006],{"class":54},[40,157799,59],{"class":58},[40,157801,62],{"class":54},[40,157803,65],{"class":58},[40,157805,62],{"class":54},[40,157807,70],{"class":58},[40,157809,62],{"class":54},[40,157811,50596],{"class":58},[40,157813,62],{"class":54},[40,157815,4859],{"class":58},[40,157817,62],{"class":54},[40,157819,75699],{"class":58},[40,157821,95],{"class":54},[40,157823,157824],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,157825,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,157827,157828,157830,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,157829,101],{"class":84},[40,157831,88],{"class":54},[40,157833,92],{"class":91},[40,157835,565],{"class":54},[40,157837,1806],{"class":50},[40,157839,401],{"class":58},[40,157841,77315],{"class":54},[20,157843,111],{},[31,157845,157847],{"className":33,"code":157846,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157848,157849],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157850,157851,157853,157855,157857,157859,157861,157863],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157852,88],{"class":54},[40,157854,56435],{"class":58},[40,157856,62],{"class":54},[40,157858,4859],{"class":58},[40,157860,62],{"class":54},[40,157862,75699],{"class":58},[40,157864,95],{"class":54},[792,157866,157868],{"id":157867},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[31,157870,157872],{"className":33,"code":157871,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157873,157874,157902,157906],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157875,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157877,47],{"class":46},[40,157879,51],{"class":50},[40,157881,9006],{"class":54},[40,157883,59],{"class":58},[40,157885,62],{"class":54},[40,157887,65],{"class":58},[40,157889,62],{"class":54},[40,157891,70],{"class":58},[40,157893,62],{"class":54},[40,157895,50596],{"class":58},[40,157897,62],{"class":54},[40,157899,4859],{"class":58},[40,157901,95],{"class":54},[40,157903,157904],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,157905,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,157907,157908,157910,157912,157914,157916,157918,157920],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,157909,101],{"class":84},[40,157911,88],{"class":54},[40,157913,92],{"class":91},[40,157915,75134],{"class":54},[40,157917,1806],{"class":50},[40,157919,658],{"class":58},[40,157921,570],{"class":54},[20,157923,111],{},[31,157925,157927],{"className":33,"code":157926,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157928,157929],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157930,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157932,88],{"class":54},[40,157934,59],{"class":58},[40,157936,62],{"class":54},[40,157938,65],{"class":58},[40,157940,62],{"class":54},[40,157942,70],{"class":58},[40,157944,62],{"class":54},[40,157946,50596],{"class":58},[40,157948,95],{"class":54},[20,157950,157951,157952,289],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[282,157953,150510],{"href":156844},[129,157955,157957],{"id":157956},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157959,606,157960,157962],{},[15,157961,75028],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[134,157964,157965,157967,157969,157975],{},[137,157966,76165],{},[137,157968,76168],{},[137,157970,157971,157974],{},[15,157972,157973],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[137,157976,157977,157978,157980],{},"A step of ",[15,157979,192],{}," is not allowed",[20,157982,157983],{},"Example with a positive step:",[31,157985,157987],{"className":33,"code":157986,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157988,157989,158021,158025],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,157990,157991,157993,157995,157997,157999,158001,158003,158005,158007,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,157992,47],{"class":46},[40,157994,51],{"class":50},[40,157996,9006],{"class":54},[40,157998,59],{"class":58},[40,158000,62],{"class":54},[40,158002,65],{"class":58},[40,158004,62],{"class":54},[40,158006,70],{"class":58},[40,158008,62],{"class":54},[40,158010,50596],{"class":58},[40,158012,62],{"class":54},[40,158014,4859],{"class":58},[40,158016,62],{"class":54},[40,158018,75699],{"class":58},[40,158020,95],{"class":54},[40,158022,158023],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,158024,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,158026,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,158028,101],{"class":84},[40,158030,88],{"class":54},[40,158032,92],{"class":91},[40,158034,565],{"class":54},[40,158036,658],{"class":58},[40,158038,2669],{"class":54},[40,158040,80193],{"class":58},[40,158042,2669],{"class":54},[40,158044,744],{"class":58},[40,158046,570],{"class":54},[20,158048,111],{},[31,158050,158052],{"className":33,"code":158051,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158053,158054],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158055,158056,158058,158060,158062,158064,158066,158068],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158057,88],{"class":54},[40,158059,15521],{"class":58},[40,158061,62],{"class":54},[40,158063,50596],{"class":58},[40,158065,62],{"class":54},[40,158067,75699],{"class":58},[40,158069,95],{"class":54},[20,158071,158072],{},"Example with a negative step:",[31,158074,158076],{"className":33,"code":158075,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158077,158078,158106,158110],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158079,158080,158082,158084,158086,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100,158102,158104],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158081,47],{"class":46},[40,158083,51],{"class":50},[40,158085,9006],{"class":54},[40,158087,59],{"class":58},[40,158089,62],{"class":54},[40,158091,65],{"class":58},[40,158093,62],{"class":54},[40,158095,70],{"class":58},[40,158097,62],{"class":54},[40,158099,50596],{"class":58},[40,158101,62],{"class":54},[40,158103,4859],{"class":58},[40,158105,95],{"class":54},[40,158107,158108],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,158109,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,158111,158112,158114,158116,158118,158120,158122,158124,158126,158128,158130,158132],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,158113,101],{"class":84},[40,158115,88],{"class":54},[40,158117,92],{"class":91},[40,158119,565],{"class":54},[40,158121,2288],{"class":58},[40,158123,2669],{"class":54},[40,158125,658],{"class":58},[40,158127,2669],{"class":54},[40,158129,1806],{"class":50},[40,158131,658],{"class":58},[40,158133,570],{"class":54},[20,158135,111],{},[31,158137,158139],{"className":33,"code":158138,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158140,158141],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158142,158143,158145,158147,158149,158151,158153,158155],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158144,88],{"class":54},[40,158146,76393],{"class":58},[40,158148,62],{"class":54},[40,158150,50596],{"class":58},[40,158152,62],{"class":54},[40,158154,70],{"class":58},[40,158156,95],{"class":54},[20,158158,158159],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[31,158161,158163],{"className":33,"code":158162,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158164,158165,158185,158189],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158166,158167,158169,158171,158173,158175,158177,158179,158181,158183],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158168,47],{"class":46},[40,158170,51],{"class":50},[40,158172,9006],{"class":54},[40,158174,59],{"class":58},[40,158176,62],{"class":54},[40,158178,65],{"class":58},[40,158180,62],{"class":54},[40,158182,70],{"class":58},[40,158184,95],{"class":54},[40,158186,158187],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,158188,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,158190,158191,158193,158195,158197,158199,158201],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,158192,101],{"class":84},[40,158194,88],{"class":54},[40,158196,92],{"class":91},[40,158198,73721],{"class":54},[40,158200,192],{"class":58},[40,158202,570],{"class":54},[20,158204,158205],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[129,158207,158209],{"id":158208},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158211,158212,158213,33503],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[183,158214,48705],{},[792,158216,158218],{"id":158217},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[31,158220,158222],{"className":33,"code":158221,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158223,158224,158248,158252,158270,158274,158284],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158225,158226,158228,158230,158232,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158227,47],{"class":46},[40,158229,51],{"class":50},[40,158231,9006],{"class":54},[40,158233,59],{"class":58},[40,158235,62],{"class":54},[40,158237,65],{"class":58},[40,158239,62],{"class":54},[40,158241,70],{"class":58},[40,158243,62],{"class":54},[40,158245,50596],{"class":58},[40,158247,95],{"class":54},[40,158249,158250],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,158251,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,158253,158254,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,158255,2013],{"class":46},[40,158257,51],{"class":50},[40,158259,4045],{"class":46},[40,158261,565],{"class":54},[40,158263,658],{"class":58},[40,158265,2669],{"class":54},[40,158267,401],{"class":58},[40,158269,73],{"class":54},[40,158271,158272],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,158273,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,158275,158276,158278,158280,158282],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,158277,101],{"class":84},[40,158279,88],{"class":54},[40,158281,2048],{"class":91},[40,158283,95],{"class":54},[40,158285,158286,158288,158290,158292,158294,158296],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,158287,101],{"class":84},[40,158289,88],{"class":54},[40,158291,1297],{"class":609},[40,158293,88],{"class":54},[40,158295,2048],{"class":91},[40,158297,256],{"class":54},[20,158299,111],{},[31,158301,158303],{"className":33,"code":158302,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158304,158305,158317],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158306,158307,158309,158311,158313,158315],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158308,88],{"class":54},[40,158310,15521],{"class":58},[40,158312,62],{"class":54},[40,158314,70],{"class":58},[40,158316,95],{"class":54},[40,158318,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,158320,3076],{"class":50},[40,158322,3079],{"class":1848},[40,158324,3082],{"class":212},[40,158326,48705],{"class":216},[40,158328,3087],{"class":212},[40,158330,3090],{"class":50},[792,158332,158334],{"id":158333},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[31,158336,158338],{"className":33,"code":158337,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158339,158340,158360,158364,158382,158386,158396],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158341,158342,158344,158346,158348,158350,158352,158354,158356,158358],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158343,47],{"class":46},[40,158345,51],{"class":50},[40,158347,9006],{"class":54},[40,158349,59],{"class":58},[40,158351,62],{"class":54},[40,158353,65],{"class":58},[40,158355,62],{"class":54},[40,158357,70],{"class":58},[40,158359,95],{"class":54},[40,158361,158362],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,158363,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,158365,158366,158368,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,158367,2013],{"class":46},[40,158369,51],{"class":50},[40,158371,4045],{"class":46},[40,158373,565],{"class":54},[40,158375,658],{"class":58},[40,158377,2669],{"class":54},[40,158379,744],{"class":58},[40,158381,73],{"class":54},[40,158383,158384],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,158385,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,158387,158388,158390,158392,158394],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,158389,101],{"class":84},[40,158391,88],{"class":54},[40,158393,2048],{"class":91},[40,158395,95],{"class":54},[40,158397,158398,158400,158402,158404,158406,158408],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,158399,101],{"class":84},[40,158401,88],{"class":54},[40,158403,1297],{"class":609},[40,158405,88],{"class":54},[40,158407,2048],{"class":91},[40,158409,256],{"class":54},[20,158411,111],{},[31,158413,158415],{"className":33,"code":158414,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158416,158417,158425],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158418,158419,158421,158423],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158420,88],{"class":54},[40,158422,15521],{"class":58},[40,158424,148944],{"class":54},[40,158426,158427,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,158428,3076],{"class":50},[40,158430,3079],{"class":1848},[40,158432,3082],{"class":212},[40,158434,48705],{"class":216},[40,158436,3087],{"class":212},[40,158438,3090],{"class":50},[792,158440,158442],{"id":158441},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[31,158444,158446],{"className":33,"code":158445,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158447,158448,158468,158472],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158449,158450,158452,158454,158456,158458,158460,158462,158464,158466],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158451,47],{"class":46},[40,158453,51],{"class":50},[40,158455,9006],{"class":54},[40,158457,59],{"class":58},[40,158459,62],{"class":54},[40,158461,65],{"class":58},[40,158463,62],{"class":54},[40,158465,70],{"class":58},[40,158467,95],{"class":54},[40,158469,158470],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,158471,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,158473,158474,158476,158478,158480,158482,158484,158486,158488],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,158475,101],{"class":84},[40,158477,88],{"class":54},[40,158479,92],{"class":91},[40,158481,565],{"class":54},[40,158483,682],{"class":58},[40,158485,2669],{"class":54},[40,158487,2129],{"class":58},[40,158489,570],{"class":54},[20,158491,111],{},[31,158493,158494],{"className":33,"code":8413,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,158495,158496],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158497,158498],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158499,8413],{"class":54},[20,158501,158502,158503,289],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[282,158504,155680],{"href":150567},[129,158506,158508],{"id":158507},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158510,158511],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[134,158513,158514,158516,158519,158524],{},[137,158515,76474],{},[137,158517,158518],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[137,158520,158521,158522],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158523,70330],{},[137,158525,158526],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158528,195],{},[31,158530,158532],{"className":33,"code":158531,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158533,158534,158554,158558,158575,158596],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158535,158536,158538,158540,158542,158544,158546,158548,158550,158552],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158537,47],{"class":46},[40,158539,51],{"class":50},[40,158541,9006],{"class":54},[40,158543,59],{"class":58},[40,158545,62],{"class":54},[40,158547,65],{"class":58},[40,158549,62],{"class":54},[40,158551,70],{"class":58},[40,158553,95],{"class":54},[40,158555,158556],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,158557,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,158559,158560,158562,158564,158566,158568,158570,158572],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,158561,101],{"class":84},[40,158563,88],{"class":54},[40,158565,92],{"class":91},[40,158567,565],{"class":54},[40,158569,658],{"class":58},[40,158571,20207],{"class":54},[40,158573,158574],{"class":3449},"    # one item\n",[40,158576,158577,158579,158581,158583,158585,158587,158589,158591,158593],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,158578,101],{"class":84},[40,158580,88],{"class":54},[40,158582,92],{"class":91},[40,158584,565],{"class":54},[40,158586,658],{"class":58},[40,158588,2669],{"class":54},[40,158590,682],{"class":58},[40,158592,20207],{"class":54},[40,158594,158595],{"class":3449},"  # slice\n",[40,158597,158598,158600,158602,158604,158606,158608,158610,158612,158614],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,158599,101],{"class":84},[40,158601,88],{"class":54},[40,158603,92],{"class":91},[40,158605,565],{"class":54},[40,158607,682],{"class":58},[40,158609,2669],{"class":54},[40,158611,2129],{"class":58},[40,158613,20207],{"class":54},[40,158615,158616],{"class":3449},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158618,111],{},[31,158620,158622],{"className":33,"code":158621,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158623,158624,158628,158640],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158625,158626],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158627,70823],{"class":58},[40,158629,158630,158632,158634,158636,158638],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,158631,88],{"class":54},[40,158633,15521],{"class":58},[40,158635,62],{"class":54},[40,158637,70],{"class":58},[40,158639,95],{"class":54},[40,158641,158642],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,158643,8413],{"class":54},[20,158645,158646],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[31,158648,158650],{"className":33,"code":158649,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158651,158652,158672,158676],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158653,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662,158664,158666,158668,158670],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158655,47],{"class":46},[40,158657,51],{"class":50},[40,158659,9006],{"class":54},[40,158661,59],{"class":58},[40,158663,62],{"class":54},[40,158665,65],{"class":58},[40,158667,62],{"class":54},[40,158669,70],{"class":58},[40,158671,95],{"class":54},[40,158673,158674],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,158675,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,158677,158678,158680,158682,158684,158686,158688],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,158679,101],{"class":84},[40,158681,88],{"class":54},[40,158683,92],{"class":91},[40,158685,565],{"class":54},[40,158687,682],{"class":58},[40,158689,570],{"class":54},[20,158691,158692,158693,158695,158696,289],{},"This raises an ",[15,158694,70330],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[282,158697,154433],{"href":158698},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[129,158700,14943],{"id":76741},[20,158702,158703],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[134,158705,158706,158709,158711,158714],{},[137,158707,158708],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[137,158710,60432],{},[137,158712,158713],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[137,158715,158716,158717],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158718,192],{},[20,158720,158721],{},"Here are a few examples.",[792,158723,158725],{"id":158724},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[31,158727,158728],{"className":33,"code":157528,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,158729,158730,158758,158762],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158731,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742,158744,158746,158748,158750,158752,158754,158756],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158733,47],{"class":46},[40,158735,51],{"class":50},[40,158737,9006],{"class":54},[40,158739,59],{"class":58},[40,158741,62],{"class":54},[40,158743,65],{"class":58},[40,158745,62],{"class":54},[40,158747,70],{"class":58},[40,158749,62],{"class":54},[40,158751,50596],{"class":58},[40,158753,62],{"class":54},[40,158755,4859],{"class":58},[40,158757,95],{"class":54},[40,158759,158760],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,158761,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,158763,158764,158766,158768,158770,158772,158774,158776,158778],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,158765,101],{"class":84},[40,158767,88],{"class":54},[40,158769,92],{"class":91},[40,158771,565],{"class":54},[40,158773,658],{"class":58},[40,158775,2669],{"class":54},[40,158777,2288],{"class":58},[40,158779,570],{"class":54},[20,158781,111],{},[31,158783,158784],{"className":33,"code":157585,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,158785,158786],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158787,158788,158790,158792,158794,158796,158798,158800],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158789,88],{"class":54},[40,158791,15521],{"class":58},[40,158793,62],{"class":54},[40,158795,70],{"class":58},[40,158797,62],{"class":54},[40,158799,50596],{"class":58},[40,158801,95],{"class":54},[20,158803,132012,158804,158806],{},[15,158805,2288],{}," is not included.",[792,158808,158810],{"id":158809},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158812,4307],{},[31,158814,158816],{"className":33,"code":158815,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158817,158818,158842,158846],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158819,158820,158822,158824,158826,158828,158830,158832,158834,158836,158838,158840],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158821,47],{"class":46},[40,158823,51],{"class":50},[40,158825,9006],{"class":54},[40,158827,59],{"class":58},[40,158829,62],{"class":54},[40,158831,65],{"class":58},[40,158833,62],{"class":54},[40,158835,70],{"class":58},[40,158837,62],{"class":54},[40,158839,50596],{"class":58},[40,158841,95],{"class":54},[40,158843,158844],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,158845,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,158847,158848],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,158849,158850],{"class":3449},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158852,158853],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[31,158855,158856],{"className":33,"code":154513,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,158857,158858,158882,158886],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158859,158860,158862,158864,158866,158868,158870,158872,158874,158876,158878,158880],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158861,47],{"class":46},[40,158863,51],{"class":50},[40,158865,9006],{"class":54},[40,158867,59],{"class":58},[40,158869,62],{"class":54},[40,158871,65],{"class":58},[40,158873,62],{"class":54},[40,158875,70],{"class":58},[40,158877,62],{"class":54},[40,158879,50596],{"class":58},[40,158881,95],{"class":54},[40,158883,158884],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,158885,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,158887,158888,158890,158892,158894,158896,158898,158900,158902],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,158889,101],{"class":84},[40,158891,88],{"class":54},[40,158893,92],{"class":91},[40,158895,565],{"class":54},[40,158897,658],{"class":58},[40,158899,2669],{"class":54},[40,158901,401],{"class":58},[40,158903,570],{"class":54},[792,158905,158907],{"id":158906},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[31,158909,158911],{"className":33,"code":158910,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158912,158913,158937,158941,158956,158960,158971],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158914,158915,158917,158919,158921,158923,158925,158927,158929,158931,158933,158935],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158916,47],{"class":46},[40,158918,51],{"class":50},[40,158920,9006],{"class":54},[40,158922,59],{"class":58},[40,158924,62],{"class":54},[40,158926,65],{"class":58},[40,158928,62],{"class":54},[40,158930,70],{"class":58},[40,158932,62],{"class":54},[40,158934,50596],{"class":58},[40,158936,95],{"class":54},[40,158938,158939],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,158940,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,158942,158943,158946,158948,158950,158952,158954],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,158944,158945],{"class":46},"slice_result ",[40,158947,51],{"class":50},[40,158949,4045],{"class":46},[40,158951,75134],{"class":54},[40,158953,744],{"class":58},[40,158955,73],{"class":54},[40,158957,158958],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,158959,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,158961,158962,158964,158966,158969],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,158963,101],{"class":84},[40,158965,88],{"class":54},[40,158967,158968],{"class":91},"slice_result",[40,158970,95],{"class":54},[40,158972,158973,158975,158977,158979],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,158974,101],{"class":84},[40,158976,88],{"class":54},[40,158978,92],{"class":91},[40,158980,95],{"class":54},[20,158982,111],{},[31,158984,158986],{"className":33,"code":158985,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158987,158988,159000],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,158989,158990,158992,158994,158996,158998],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,158991,88],{"class":54},[40,158993,59],{"class":58},[40,158995,62],{"class":54},[40,158997,65],{"class":58},[40,158999,95],{"class":54},[40,159001,159002,159004,159006,159008,159010,159012,159014,159016,159018],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,159003,88],{"class":54},[40,159005,59],{"class":58},[40,159007,62],{"class":54},[40,159009,65],{"class":58},[40,159011,62],{"class":54},[40,159013,70],{"class":58},[40,159015,62],{"class":54},[40,159017,50596],{"class":58},[40,159019,95],{"class":54},[20,159021,159022],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[129,159024,113326],{"id":113325},[20,159026,159027],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[134,159029,159030,159033,159036,159042,159045],{},[137,159031,159032],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[137,159034,159035],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[137,159037,159038,159039],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159040,159041],{},"tuple[::0]",[137,159043,159044],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[137,159046,159047],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159049,159050],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[31,159052,159054],{"className":33,"code":159053,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159055,159056,159066,159084,159106],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159057,159058,159060,159062,159064],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159059,101],{"class":84},[40,159061,88],{"class":54},[40,159063,147606],{"class":91},[40,159065,95],{"class":54},[40,159067,159068,159070,159072,159074,159076,159078,159080,159082],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,159069,101],{"class":84},[40,159071,88],{"class":54},[40,159073,147606],{"class":91},[40,159075,565],{"class":54},[40,159077,658],{"class":58},[40,159079,2669],{"class":54},[40,159081,2288],{"class":58},[40,159083,570],{"class":54},[40,159085,159086,159088,159090,159092,159094,159096,159098,159100,159102,159104],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,159087,101],{"class":84},[40,159089,88],{"class":54},[40,159091,1297],{"class":609},[40,159093,88],{"class":54},[40,159095,147606],{"class":91},[40,159097,565],{"class":54},[40,159099,658],{"class":58},[40,159101,2669],{"class":54},[40,159103,2288],{"class":58},[40,159105,2784],{"class":54},[40,159107,159108,159110,159112,159114,159116,159118],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,159109,101],{"class":84},[40,159111,88],{"class":54},[40,159113,17],{"class":84},[40,159115,88],{"class":54},[40,159117,147606],{"class":91},[40,159119,256],{"class":54},[20,159121,10939],{},[134,159123,159124,159126,159129,159132],{},[137,159125,154820],{},[137,159127,159128],{},"what the slice actually returns",[137,159130,159131],{},"that the result is a tuple",[137,159133,159134],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[129,159136,1636],{"id":1635},[792,159138,159140],{"id":159139},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159142,159143],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[792,159145,159147],{"id":159146},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159149,159150],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[792,159152,1650,159154,39715],{"id":159153},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159155,157973],{},[20,159157,159158],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[792,159160,159162,159163,2275],{"id":159161},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159164,70330],{},[20,159166,159167,159168,289],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159169,70330],{},[129,159171,1687],{"id":1686},[134,159173,159174,159178,159182,159186,159190],{},[137,159175,159176],{},[282,159177,155680],{"href":150567},[137,159179,159180],{},[282,159181,149261],{"href":152687},[137,159183,159184],{},[282,159185,150510],{"href":156844},[137,159187,159188],{},[282,159189,147588],{"href":157206},[137,159191,159192],{},[282,159193,154433],{"href":158698},[1715,159195,159196],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":159198},[159199,159200,159201,159202,159210,159214,159215,159220,159221,159226,159227,159235],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":157006,"depth":76,"text":157007},{"id":157209,"depth":76,"text":157210},{"id":75614,"depth":76,"text":75615,"children":159203},[159204,159206,159207,159208,159209],{"id":157367,"depth":98,"text":159205},"Get the first n items",{"id":157446,"depth":98,"text":157447},{"id":157524,"depth":98,"text":157525},{"id":157606,"depth":98,"text":157607},{"id":157688,"depth":98,"text":157689},{"id":75908,"depth":76,"text":75909,"children":159211},[159212,159213],{"id":157783,"depth":98,"text":157784},{"id":157867,"depth":98,"text":157868},{"id":157956,"depth":76,"text":157957},{"id":158208,"depth":76,"text":158209,"children":159216},[159217,159218,159219],{"id":158217,"depth":98,"text":158218},{"id":158333,"depth":98,"text":158334},{"id":158441,"depth":98,"text":158442},{"id":158507,"depth":76,"text":158508},{"id":76741,"depth":76,"text":14943,"children":159222},[159223,159224,159225],{"id":158724,"depth":98,"text":158725},{"id":158809,"depth":98,"text":158810},{"id":158906,"depth":98,"text":158907},{"id":113325,"depth":76,"text":113326},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":159228},[159229,159230,159231,159233],{"id":159139,"depth":98,"text":159140},{"id":159146,"depth":98,"text":159147},{"id":159153,"depth":98,"text":159232},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159161,"depth":98,"text":159234},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156850,"description":159236},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159243,"title":159244,"body":159245,"description":161068,"extension":1746,"meta":161069,"navigation":360,"path":34571,"seo":161070,"stem":161071,"__hash__":161072},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159246,"toc":161034},[159247,159252,159257,159261,159279,159282,159297,159303,159305,159362,159364,159396,159408,159414,159419,159422,159457,159463,159465,159468,159482,159485,159487,159510,159512,159530,159533,159549,159551,159554,159667,159669,159758,159761,159766,159772,159775,159778,159877,159879,159938,159943,159946,160015,160019,160051,160067,160072,160079,160086,160098,160100,160149,160151,160174,160180,160228,160233,160240,160248,160254,160257,160281,160284,160286,160362,160364,160389,160395,160398,160403,160407,160421,160423,160486,160488,160520,160523,160539,160541,160547,160554,160556,160575,160577,160595,160602,160607,160614,160616,160653,160656,160663,160667,160670,160728,160731,160734,160789,160791,160803,160809,160811,160815,160848,160855,160857,160920,160923,160925,160930,160944,160951,160959,160968,160977,160983,160989,160991,161031],[10,159248,285,159250,3366],{"id":159249},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159251,2086],{},[20,159253,32078,159254,159256],{},[15,159255,2086],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159258,62506,159259,104170],{},[15,159260,2086],{},[134,159262,159263,159266,159269,159272],{},[137,159264,159265],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[137,159267,159268],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[137,159270,159271],{},"debug confusing code",[137,159273,159274,159275],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[282,159276,159277],{"href":7991},[15,159278,2743],{},[20,159280,159281],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[31,159283,159285],{"className":33,"code":159284,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"type(object)\n",[15,159286,159287],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159288,159289,159291,159293,159295],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159290,1297],{"class":609},[40,159292,88],{"class":54},[40,159294,42150],{"class":609},[40,159296,95],{"class":54},[20,159298,159299,159300,159302],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159301,2086],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[129,159304,3396],{"id":3395},[31,159306,159308],{"className":33,"code":159307,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159309,159310,159322,159336,159340,159348],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159311,159312,159314,159316,159318,159320],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159313,7651],{"class":46},[40,159315,51],{"class":50},[40,159317,224],{"class":212},[40,159319,4783],{"class":216},[40,159321,3146],{"class":212},[40,159323,159324,159326,159328,159330,159332,159334],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,159325,101],{"class":84},[40,159327,88],{"class":54},[40,159329,1297],{"class":609},[40,159331,88],{"class":54},[40,159333,7446],{"class":91},[40,159335,256],{"class":54},[40,159337,159338],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,159339,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,159341,159342,159344,159346],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,159343,2001],{"class":46},[40,159345,51],{"class":50},[40,159347,2369],{"class":58},[40,159349,159350,159352,159354,159356,159358,159360],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,159351,101],{"class":84},[40,159353,88],{"class":54},[40,159355,1297],{"class":609},[40,159357,88],{"class":54},[40,159359,2023],{"class":91},[40,159361,256],{"class":54},[20,159363,111],{},[31,159365,159366],{"className":33,"code":124673,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,159367,159368,159382],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159369,159370,159372,159374,159376,159378,159380],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159371,3076],{"class":50},[40,159373,3079],{"class":1848},[40,159375,3082],{"class":212},[40,159377,3231],{"class":216},[40,159379,3087],{"class":212},[40,159381,3090],{"class":50},[40,159383,159384,159386,159388,159390,159392,159394],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,159385,3076],{"class":50},[40,159387,3079],{"class":1848},[40,159389,3082],{"class":212},[40,159391,1972],{"class":216},[40,159393,3087],{"class":212},[40,159395,3090],{"class":50},[20,159397,123,159398,159401,159402,4176,159405,289],{},[15,159399,159400],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159403,159404],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159406,159407],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[129,159409,12765,159411,159413],{"id":159410},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159412,2086],{}," function does",[20,159415,159416,159418],{},[15,159417,2086],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159420,159421],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[134,159423,159424,159429,159434,159439,159444,159449],{},[137,159425,159426,159428],{},[15,159427,3231],{}," for text",[137,159430,159431,159433],{},[15,159432,1972],{}," for whole numbers",[137,159435,159436,159438],{},[15,159437,1976],{}," for decimal numbers",[137,159440,159441,159443],{},[15,159442,610],{}," for lists",[137,159445,159446,159448],{},[15,159447,8592],{}," for dictionaries",[137,159450,159451,1073,159453,4176,159455],{},[15,159452,3654],{},[15,159454,3391],{},[15,159456,3460],{},[20,159458,159459,159460,159462],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159461,2086],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[129,159464,1940],{"id":1939},[20,159466,159467],{},"The main beginner form is:",[31,159469,159470],{"className":33,"code":159284,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,159471,159472],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159473,159474,159476,159478,159480],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159475,1297],{"class":609},[40,159477,88],{"class":54},[40,159479,42150],{"class":609},[40,159481,95],{"class":54},[20,159483,159484],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159486,195],{},[31,159488,159490],{"className":33,"code":159489,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159491,159492],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159493,159494,159496,159498,159500,159502,159504,159506,159508],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159495,101],{"class":84},[40,159497,88],{"class":54},[40,159499,1297],{"class":609},[40,159501,88],{"class":54},[40,159503,213],{"class":212},[40,159505,3632],{"class":216},[40,159507,213],{"class":212},[40,159509,256],{"class":54},[20,159511,111],{},[31,159513,159514],{"className":33,"code":45523,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,159515,159516],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159517,159518,159520,159522,159524,159526,159528],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159519,3076],{"class":50},[40,159521,3079],{"class":1848},[40,159523,3082],{"class":212},[40,159525,3231],{"class":216},[40,159527,3087],{"class":212},[40,159529,3090],{"class":50},[20,159531,159532],{},"You can pass either:",[134,159534,159535,159542],{},[137,159536,159537,159538,2662,159540],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159539,64274],{},[15,159541,46279],{},[137,159543,159544,159545,2662,159547],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159546,7446],{},[15,159548,9069],{},[129,159550,121485],{"id":121484},[20,159552,159553],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[31,159555,159557],{"className":33,"code":159556,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159558,159559,159577,159591,159605,159627,159653],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159560,159561,159563,159565,159567,159569,159571,159573,159575],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159562,101],{"class":84},[40,159564,88],{"class":54},[40,159566,1297],{"class":609},[40,159568,88],{"class":54},[40,159570,213],{"class":212},[40,159572,3632],{"class":216},[40,159574,213],{"class":212},[40,159576,256],{"class":54},[40,159578,159579,159581,159583,159585,159587,159589],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,159580,101],{"class":84},[40,159582,88],{"class":54},[40,159584,1297],{"class":609},[40,159586,88],{"class":54},[40,159588,59],{"class":58},[40,159590,256],{"class":54},[40,159592,159593,159595,159597,159599,159601,159603],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,159594,101],{"class":84},[40,159596,88],{"class":54},[40,159598,1297],{"class":609},[40,159600,88],{"class":54},[40,159602,39898],{"class":58},[40,159604,256],{"class":54},[40,159606,159607,159609,159611,159613,159615,159617,159619,159621,159623,159625],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,159608,101],{"class":84},[40,159610,88],{"class":54},[40,159612,1297],{"class":609},[40,159614,2771],{"class":54},[40,159616,658],{"class":58},[40,159618,62],{"class":54},[40,159620,663],{"class":58},[40,159622,62],{"class":54},[40,159624,749],{"class":58},[40,159626,2784],{"class":54},[40,159628,159629,159631,159633,159635,159637,159639,159641,159643,159645,159647,159649,159651],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,159630,101],{"class":84},[40,159632,88],{"class":54},[40,159634,1297],{"class":609},[40,159636,5308],{"class":54},[40,159638,213],{"class":212},[40,159640,7446],{"class":216},[40,159642,213],{"class":212},[40,159644,2669],{"class":54},[40,159646,224],{"class":212},[40,159648,4783],{"class":216},[40,159650,213],{"class":212},[40,159652,5317],{"class":54},[40,159654,159655,159657,159659,159661,159663,159665],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,159656,101],{"class":84},[40,159658,88],{"class":54},[40,159660,1297],{"class":609},[40,159662,88],{"class":54},[40,159664,3391],{"class":1494},[40,159666,256],{"class":54},[20,159668,111],{},[31,159670,159672],{"className":33,"code":159671,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159673,159674,159688,159702,159716,159730,159744],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159675,159676,159678,159680,159682,159684,159686],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159677,3076],{"class":50},[40,159679,3079],{"class":1848},[40,159681,3082],{"class":212},[40,159683,3231],{"class":216},[40,159685,3087],{"class":212},[40,159687,3090],{"class":50},[40,159689,159690,159692,159694,159696,159698,159700],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,159691,3076],{"class":50},[40,159693,3079],{"class":1848},[40,159695,3082],{"class":212},[40,159697,1972],{"class":216},[40,159699,3087],{"class":212},[40,159701,3090],{"class":50},[40,159703,159704,159706,159708,159710,159712,159714],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,159705,3076],{"class":50},[40,159707,3079],{"class":1848},[40,159709,3082],{"class":212},[40,159711,1976],{"class":216},[40,159713,3087],{"class":212},[40,159715,3090],{"class":50},[40,159717,159718,159720,159722,159724,159726,159728],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,159719,3076],{"class":50},[40,159721,3079],{"class":1848},[40,159723,3082],{"class":212},[40,159725,610],{"class":216},[40,159727,3087],{"class":212},[40,159729,3090],{"class":50},[40,159731,159732,159734,159736,159738,159740,159742],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,159733,3076],{"class":50},[40,159735,3079],{"class":1848},[40,159737,3082],{"class":212},[40,159739,8592],{"class":216},[40,159741,3087],{"class":212},[40,159743,3090],{"class":50},[40,159745,159746,159748,159750,159752,159754,159756],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,159747,3076],{"class":50},[40,159749,3079],{"class":1848},[40,159751,3082],{"class":212},[40,159753,3654],{"class":216},[40,159755,3087],{"class":212},[40,159757,3090],{"class":50},[20,159759,159760],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159762,159763,159764,289],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[282,159765,44550],{"href":48730},[129,159767,795,159769,159771],{"id":159768},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159770,2086],{}," with variables",[20,159773,159774],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159776,159777],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[31,159779,159781],{"className":33,"code":159780,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159782,159783,159791,159809,159813,159825,159843,159847,159859],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159784,159785,159787,159789],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159786,2230],{"class":46},[40,159788,51],{"class":50},[40,159790,2369],{"class":58},[40,159792,159793,159795,159797,159799,159801,159803,159805,159807],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,159794,101],{"class":84},[40,159796,88],{"class":54},[40,159798,2255],{"class":91},[40,159800,62],{"class":54},[40,159802,49142],{"class":609},[40,159804,88],{"class":54},[40,159806,2255],{"class":91},[40,159808,256],{"class":54},[40,159810,159811],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,159812,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,159814,159815,159817,159819,159821,159823],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,159816,2230],{"class":46},[40,159818,51],{"class":50},[40,159820,224],{"class":212},[40,159822,45660],{"class":216},[40,159824,3146],{"class":212},[40,159826,159827,159829,159831,159833,159835,159837,159839,159841],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,159828,101],{"class":84},[40,159830,88],{"class":54},[40,159832,2255],{"class":91},[40,159834,62],{"class":54},[40,159836,49142],{"class":609},[40,159838,88],{"class":54},[40,159840,2255],{"class":91},[40,159842,256],{"class":54},[40,159844,159845],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,159846,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,159848,159849,159851,159853,159855,159857],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,159850,2230],{"class":46},[40,159852,51],{"class":50},[40,159854,55],{"class":54},[40,159856,59],{"class":58},[40,159858,73],{"class":54},[40,159860,159861,159863,159865,159867,159869,159871,159873,159875],{"class":42,"line":6203},[40,159862,101],{"class":84},[40,159864,88],{"class":54},[40,159866,2255],{"class":91},[40,159868,62],{"class":54},[40,159870,49142],{"class":609},[40,159872,88],{"class":54},[40,159874,2255],{"class":91},[40,159876,256],{"class":54},[20,159878,111],{},[31,159880,159882],{"className":33,"code":159881,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159883,159884,159901,159918],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159885,159886,159888,159891,159893,159895,159897,159899],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159887,59],{"class":58},[40,159889,159890],{"class":50}," \u003C",[40,159892,3079],{"class":1848},[40,159894,3082],{"class":212},[40,159896,1972],{"class":216},[40,159898,3087],{"class":212},[40,159900,3090],{"class":50},[40,159902,159903,159906,159908,159910,159912,159914,159916],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,159904,159905],{"class":46},"ten ",[40,159907,3076],{"class":50},[40,159909,3079],{"class":1848},[40,159911,3082],{"class":212},[40,159913,3231],{"class":216},[40,159915,3087],{"class":212},[40,159917,3090],{"class":50},[40,159919,159920,159922,159924,159926,159928,159930,159932,159934,159936],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,159921,565],{"class":54},[40,159923,59],{"class":58},[40,159925,13040],{"class":54},[40,159927,159890],{"class":50},[40,159929,3079],{"class":1848},[40,159931,3082],{"class":212},[40,159933,610],{"class":216},[40,159935,3087],{"class":212},[40,159937,3090],{"class":50},[20,159939,159940,159942],{},[15,159941,2086],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159944,159945],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[31,159947,159949],{"className":33,"code":159948,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159950,159951,159969,159983,159987,160001],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,159952,159953,159955,159957,159959,159961,159963,159965,159967],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,159954,3179],{"class":46},[40,159956,51],{"class":50},[40,159958,8013],{"class":84},[40,159960,88],{"class":54},[40,159962,213],{"class":212},[40,159964,41624],{"class":216},[40,159966,213],{"class":212},[40,159968,95],{"class":54},[40,159970,159971,159973,159975,159977,159979,159981],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,159972,101],{"class":84},[40,159974,88],{"class":54},[40,159976,1297],{"class":609},[40,159978,88],{"class":54},[40,159980,3205],{"class":91},[40,159982,256],{"class":54},[40,159984,159985],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,159986,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,159988,159989,159991,159993,159995,159997,159999],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,159990,122597],{"class":46},[40,159992,51],{"class":50},[40,159994,45029],{"class":609},[40,159996,88],{"class":54},[40,159998,3205],{"class":91},[40,160000,95],{"class":54},[40,160002,160003,160005,160007,160009,160011,160013],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,160004,101],{"class":84},[40,160006,88],{"class":54},[40,160008,1297],{"class":609},[40,160010,88],{"class":54},[40,160012,122620],{"class":91},[40,160014,256],{"class":54},[20,160016,40875,160017,40879],{},[15,160018,8964],{},[31,160020,160021],{"className":33,"code":124673,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,160022,160023,160037],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160024,160025,160027,160029,160031,160033,160035],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160026,3076],{"class":50},[40,160028,3079],{"class":1848},[40,160030,3082],{"class":212},[40,160032,3231],{"class":216},[40,160034,3087],{"class":212},[40,160036,3090],{"class":50},[40,160038,160039,160041,160043,160045,160047,160049],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,160040,3076],{"class":50},[40,160042,3079],{"class":1848},[40,160044,3082],{"class":212},[40,160046,1972],{"class":216},[40,160048,3087],{"class":212},[40,160050,3090],{"class":50},[20,160052,45456,160053,160057,160058,2662,160062,160066],{},[282,160054,160055],{"href":7991},[15,160056,2743],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[282,160059,160060],{"href":2658},[15,160061,2661],{},[282,160063,160064],{"href":2665},[15,160065,2668],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160068,160069,160070,289],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[282,160071,8752],{"href":8751},[129,160073,160075,10355,160077],{"id":160074},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160076,2086],{},[15,160078,44558],{},[20,160080,160081,4176,160083,160085],{},[15,160082,2086],{},[15,160084,44558],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[134,160087,160088,160093],{},[137,160089,160090,160092],{},[15,160091,2086],{}," tells you the exact type",[137,160094,160095,160097],{},[15,160096,44558],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160099,195],{},[31,160101,160103],{"className":33,"code":160102,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160104,160105,160113,160117,160131],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160106,160107,160109,160111],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160108,2230],{"class":46},[40,160110,51],{"class":50},[40,160112,34605],{"class":58},[40,160114,160115],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,160116,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,160118,160119,160121,160123,160125,160127,160129],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,160120,101],{"class":84},[40,160122,88],{"class":54},[40,160124,1297],{"class":609},[40,160126,88],{"class":54},[40,160128,2255],{"class":91},[40,160130,256],{"class":54},[40,160132,160133,160135,160137,160139,160141,160143,160145,160147],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,160134,101],{"class":84},[40,160136,88],{"class":54},[40,160138,48627],{"class":84},[40,160140,88],{"class":54},[40,160142,2255],{"class":91},[40,160144,62],{"class":54},[40,160146,45029],{"class":609},[40,160148,256],{"class":54},[20,160150,111],{},[31,160152,160154],{"className":33,"code":160153,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160155,160156,160170],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160157,160158,160160,160162,160164,160166,160168],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160159,3076],{"class":50},[40,160161,3079],{"class":1848},[40,160163,3082],{"class":212},[40,160165,1972],{"class":216},[40,160167,3087],{"class":212},[40,160169,3090],{"class":50},[40,160171,160172],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,160173,1495],{"class":1494},[20,160175,160176,160177,160179],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160178,44558],{}," is more practical.",[31,160181,160183],{"className":33,"code":160182,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160184,160185,160193,160197,160213],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160186,160187,160189,160191],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160188,2230],{"class":46},[40,160190,51],{"class":50},[40,160192,34605],{"class":58},[40,160194,160195],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,160196,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,160198,160199,160201,160203,160205,160207,160209,160211],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,160200,536],{"class":535},[40,160202,49365],{"class":84},[40,160204,88],{"class":54},[40,160206,2255],{"class":91},[40,160208,62],{"class":54},[40,160210,45029],{"class":609},[40,160212,8112],{"class":54},[40,160214,160215,160217,160219,160221,160224,160226],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,160216,558],{"class":84},[40,160218,88],{"class":54},[40,160220,213],{"class":212},[40,160222,160223],{"class":216},"This is an integer",[40,160225,213],{"class":212},[40,160227,95],{"class":54},[20,160229,123,160230,160232],{},[15,160231,2086],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160234,123,160235,160237,160238,6950],{},[15,160236,44558],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160239,536],{},[20,160241,160242,160243,289],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[282,160244,285,160246,288],{"href":160245},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160247,44558],{},[129,160249,160251,160252],{"id":160250},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160253,2086],{},[20,160255,160256],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[31,160258,160260],{"className":33,"code":160259,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160261,160262],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160263,160264,160266,160268,160270,160272,160275,160277,160279],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160265,1297],{"class":609},[40,160267,88],{"class":54},[40,160269,7446],{"class":91},[40,160271,62],{"class":54},[40,160273,160274],{"class":91}," bases",[40,160276,62],{"class":54},[40,160278,8941],{"class":609},[40,160280,95],{"class":54},[20,160282,160283],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160285,195],{},[31,160287,160289],{"className":33,"code":160288,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160290,160291,160334,160338,160348],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160292,160293,160296,160298,160300,160302,160304,160307,160309,160311,160314,160316,160318,160321,160323,160325,160327,160330,160332],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160294,160295],{"class":46},"Person ",[40,160297,51],{"class":50},[40,160299,49142],{"class":609},[40,160301,88],{"class":54},[40,160303,213],{"class":212},[40,160305,160306],{"class":216},"Person",[40,160308,213],{"class":212},[40,160310,62],{"class":54},[40,160312,160313],{"class":54}," (),",[40,160315,10260],{"class":54},[40,160317,213],{"class":212},[40,160319,160320],{"class":216},"species",[40,160322,213],{"class":212},[40,160324,2669],{"class":54},[40,160326,224],{"class":212},[40,160328,160329],{"class":216},"human",[40,160331,213],{"class":212},[40,160333,30256],{"class":54},[40,160335,160336],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,160337,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,160339,160340,160342,160344,160346],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,160341,101],{"class":84},[40,160343,88],{"class":54},[40,160345,160306],{"class":91},[40,160347,95],{"class":54},[40,160349,160350,160352,160354,160356,160358,160360],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,160351,101],{"class":84},[40,160353,88],{"class":54},[40,160355,160306],{"class":91},[40,160357,289],{"class":54},[40,160359,160320],{"class":24512},[40,160361,95],{"class":54},[20,160363,111],{},[31,160365,160367],{"className":33,"code":160366,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160368,160369,160384],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160370,160371,160373,160375,160377,160380,160382],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160372,3076],{"class":50},[40,160374,3079],{"class":1848},[40,160376,3082],{"class":212},[40,160378,160379],{"class":216},"__main__.Person",[40,160381,3087],{"class":212},[40,160383,3090],{"class":50},[40,160385,160386],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,160387,160388],{"class":46},"human\n",[20,160390,160391,160392,160394],{},"Most beginners do ",[183,160393,185],{}," need this form.",[20,160396,160397],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[129,160399,1345,160401],{"id":160400},"when-to-use-type",[15,160402,2086],{},[20,160404,160405,12214],{},[15,160406,2086],{},[134,160408,160409,160412,160415,160418],{},[137,160410,160411],{},"debug unexpected values",[137,160413,160414],{},"check what a conversion produced",[137,160416,160417],{},"learn Python data types",[137,160419,160420],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160422,5251],{},[31,160424,160426],{"className":33,"code":160425,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160427,160428,160440,160454,160458,160472],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160429,160430,160432,160434,160436,160438],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160431,34450],{"class":46},[40,160433,51],{"class":50},[40,160435,224],{"class":212},[40,160437,49998],{"class":216},[40,160439,3146],{"class":212},[40,160441,160442,160444,160446,160448,160450,160452],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,160443,2001],{"class":46},[40,160445,51],{"class":50},[40,160447,45029],{"class":609},[40,160449,88],{"class":54},[40,160451,34471],{"class":91},[40,160453,95],{"class":54},[40,160455,160456],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,160457,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,160459,160460,160462,160464,160466,160468,160470],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,160461,101],{"class":84},[40,160463,88],{"class":54},[40,160465,1297],{"class":609},[40,160467,88],{"class":54},[40,160469,34471],{"class":91},[40,160471,256],{"class":54},[40,160473,160474,160476,160478,160480,160482,160484],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,160475,101],{"class":84},[40,160477,88],{"class":54},[40,160479,1297],{"class":609},[40,160481,88],{"class":54},[40,160483,2023],{"class":91},[40,160485,256],{"class":54},[20,160487,111],{},[31,160489,160490],{"className":33,"code":124673,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,160491,160492,160506],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160493,160494,160496,160498,160500,160502,160504],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160495,3076],{"class":50},[40,160497,3079],{"class":1848},[40,160499,3082],{"class":212},[40,160501,3231],{"class":216},[40,160503,3087],{"class":212},[40,160505,3090],{"class":50},[40,160507,160508,160510,160512,160514,160516,160518],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,160509,3076],{"class":50},[40,160511,3079],{"class":1848},[40,160513,3082],{"class":212},[40,160515,1972],{"class":216},[40,160517,3087],{"class":212},[40,160519,3090],{"class":50},[20,160521,160522],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160524,160525,160526,1973,160530,16837,160534,160538],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[282,160527,160528],{"href":41928},[15,160529,47435],{},[282,160531,160532],{"href":2658},[15,160533,2661],{},[282,160535,160536],{"href":2665},[15,160537,2668],{}," are often the next step.",[129,160540,25120],{"id":25119},[20,160542,160543,160544,160546],{},"A few things about ",[15,160545,2086],{}," often confuse beginners.",[792,160548,160550,160553],{"id":160549},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160551,160552],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160555,64383],{},[31,160557,160559],{"className":33,"code":160558,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160560,160561],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160562,160563,160565,160567,160569,160571,160573],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160564,101],{"class":84},[40,160566,88],{"class":54},[40,160568,1297],{"class":609},[40,160570,88],{"class":54},[40,160572,682],{"class":58},[40,160574,256],{"class":54},[20,160576,122516],{},[31,160578,160579],{"className":33,"code":156028,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,160580,160581],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160582,160583,160585,160587,160589,160591,160593],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160584,3076],{"class":50},[40,160586,3079],{"class":1848},[40,160588,3082],{"class":212},[40,160590,1972],{"class":216},[40,160592,3087],{"class":212},[40,160594,3090],{"class":50},[20,160596,181,160597,160599,160600,289],{},[183,160598,185],{}," print just ",[15,160601,1972],{},[20,160603,6455,160604,160606],{},[15,160605,2086],{}," returns a class object.",[792,160608,160610,398,160612],{"id":160609},"input-returns-str",[15,160611,2743],{},[15,160613,3231],{},[20,160615,79141],{},[31,160617,160619],{"className":33,"code":160618,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160620,160621,160639],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160622,160623,160625,160627,160629,160631,160633,160635,160637],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160624,2230],{"class":46},[40,160626,51],{"class":50},[40,160628,8013],{"class":84},[40,160630,88],{"class":54},[40,160632,213],{"class":212},[40,160634,46063],{"class":216},[40,160636,213],{"class":212},[40,160638,95],{"class":54},[40,160640,160641,160643,160645,160647,160649,160651],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,160642,101],{"class":84},[40,160644,88],{"class":54},[40,160646,1297],{"class":609},[40,160648,88],{"class":54},[40,160650,2255],{"class":91},[40,160652,256],{"class":54},[20,160654,160655],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160657,160658,160659,2662,160661,289],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160660,2661],{},[15,160662,2668],{},[792,160664,160666],{"id":160665},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160668,160669],{},"Avoid code like this:",[31,160671,160673],{"className":33,"code":160672,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160674,160675,160683,160687,160713],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160676,160677,160679,160681],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160678,2230],{"class":46},[40,160680,51],{"class":50},[40,160682,34605],{"class":58},[40,160684,160685],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,160686,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,160688,160689,160691,160693,160695,160697,160699,160701,160703,160705,160707,160709,160711],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,160690,536],{"class":535},[40,160692,48656],{"class":609},[40,160694,88],{"class":54},[40,160696,1297],{"class":609},[40,160698,88],{"class":54},[40,160700,2255],{"class":91},[40,160702,5140],{"class":54},[40,160704,6185],{"class":50},[40,160706,224],{"class":212},[40,160708,159407],{"class":216},[40,160710,213],{"class":212},[40,160712,553],{"class":54},[40,160714,160715,160717,160719,160721,160724,160726],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,160716,558],{"class":84},[40,160718,88],{"class":54},[40,160720,213],{"class":212},[40,160722,160723],{"class":216},"It is an int",[40,160725,213],{"class":212},[40,160727,95],{"class":54},[20,160729,160730],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160732,160733],{},"Better options:",[31,160735,160737],{"className":33,"code":160736,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160738,160739,160747,160751,160771],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160740,160741,160743,160745],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160742,2230],{"class":46},[40,160744,51],{"class":50},[40,160746,34605],{"class":58},[40,160748,160749],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,160750,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,160752,160753,160755,160757,160759,160761,160763,160765,160767,160769],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,160754,101],{"class":84},[40,160756,88],{"class":54},[40,160758,1297],{"class":609},[40,160760,88],{"class":54},[40,160762,2255],{"class":91},[40,160764,18],{"class":54},[40,160766,6185],{"class":50},[40,160768,45029],{"class":609},[40,160770,95],{"class":54},[40,160772,160773,160775,160777,160779,160781,160783,160785,160787],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,160774,101],{"class":84},[40,160776,88],{"class":54},[40,160778,48627],{"class":84},[40,160780,88],{"class":54},[40,160782,2255],{"class":91},[40,160784,62],{"class":54},[40,160786,45029],{"class":609},[40,160788,256],{"class":54},[20,160790,111],{},[31,160792,160793],{"className":33,"code":4288,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,160794,160795,160799],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160796,160797],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160798,1495],{"class":1494},[40,160800,160801],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,160802,1495],{"class":1494},[20,160804,160805,160806,160808],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160807,44558],{}," is the more useful check.",[129,160810,2613],{"id":2612},[20,160812,14501,160813,2669],{},[15,160814,2086],{},[134,160816,160817,160827,160836,160845],{},[137,160818,795,160819,160821,160822,160826],{},[15,160820,2086],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[282,160823,160824],{"href":7991},[15,160825,2743],{}," always returns a string",[137,160828,8223,160829,160831,160832,799,160834],{},[15,160830,2086],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160833,1972],{},[15,160835,159407],{},[137,160837,795,160838,44382,160841,160844],{},[15,160839,160840],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160842,160843],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[137,160846,160847],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160849,160850,160851,289],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[282,160852,160854],{"href":160853},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160856,144182],{},[31,160858,160860],{"className":33,"code":160859,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160861,160862,160876,160886,160900,160910],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,160863,160864,160866,160868,160870,160872,160874],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,160865,101],{"class":84},[40,160867,88],{"class":54},[40,160869,1297],{"class":609},[40,160871,88],{"class":54},[40,160873,2255],{"class":91},[40,160875,256],{"class":54},[40,160877,160878,160880,160882,160884],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,160879,101],{"class":84},[40,160881,88],{"class":54},[40,160883,2255],{"class":91},[40,160885,95],{"class":54},[40,160887,160888,160890,160892,160894,160896,160898],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,160889,101],{"class":84},[40,160891,88],{"class":54},[40,160893,41532],{"class":84},[40,160895,88],{"class":54},[40,160897,2255],{"class":91},[40,160899,256],{"class":54},[40,160901,160902,160904,160906,160908],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,160903,31913],{"class":84},[40,160905,88],{"class":54},[40,160907,1297],{"class":609},[40,160909,95],{"class":54},[40,160911,160912,160914,160916,160918],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,160913,34134],{"class":84},[40,160915,88],{"class":54},[40,160917,2255],{"class":91},[40,160919,95],{"class":54},[20,160921,160922],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[129,160924,1636],{"id":1635},[792,160926,1650,160928,4923],{"id":160927},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160929,2086],{},[20,160931,160932,160933,1973,160935,1973,160937,1977,160939,160941,160942,289],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160934,3231],{},[15,160936,1972],{},[15,160938,610],{},[15,160940,8592],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160943,159404],{},[792,160945,14671,160947,56948,160949,2275],{"id":160946},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160948,2086],{},[15,160950,44558],{},[20,160952,46118,160953,160955,160956,160958],{},[15,160954,2086],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160957,44558],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[792,160960,4935,160962,160965,160966,2275],{"id":160961},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160963,160964],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160967,3231],{},[20,160969,28821,160970,160972,160973,2662,160975,160066],{},[15,160971,2743],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160974,2661],{},[15,160976,2668],{},[792,160978,4947,160980,160982],{"id":160979},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160981,2086],{}," create classes?",[20,160984,160985,160986,289],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160987,160988],{},"type(object)",[129,160990,1687],{"id":1686},[134,160992,160993,160997,161003,161009,161013,161019,161025],{},[137,160994,160995],{},[282,160996,44550],{"href":48730},[137,160998,160999],{},[282,161000,285,161001,288],{"href":160245},[15,161002,44558],{},[137,161004,161005],{},[282,161006,285,161007,288],{"href":7991},[15,161008,2743],{},[137,161010,161011],{},[282,161012,8829],{"href":8751},[137,161014,161015],{},[282,161016,285,161017,288],{"href":2658},[15,161018,2661],{},[137,161020,161021],{},[282,161022,285,161023,288],{"href":2665},[15,161024,2668],{},[137,161026,161027],{},[282,161028,285,161029,288],{"href":41928},[15,161030,47435],{},[1715,161032,161033],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":161035},[161036,161037,161039,161040,161041,161043,161045,161047,161049,161056,161057,161067],{"id":3395,"depth":76,"text":3396},{"id":159410,"depth":76,"text":161038},"What the type() function does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":121484,"depth":76,"text":121485},{"id":159768,"depth":76,"text":161042},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160074,"depth":76,"text":161044},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160250,"depth":76,"text":161046},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160400,"depth":76,"text":161048},"When to use type()",{"id":25119,"depth":76,"text":25120,"children":161050},[161051,161053,161055],{"id":160549,"depth":98,"text":161052},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160609,"depth":98,"text":161054},"input() returns str",{"id":160665,"depth":98,"text":160666},{"id":2612,"depth":76,"text":2613},{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":161058},[161059,161061,161063,161065],{"id":160927,"depth":98,"text":161060},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160946,"depth":98,"text":161062},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160961,"depth":98,"text":161064},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160979,"depth":98,"text":161066},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159244,"description":161068},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161074,"title":161075,"body":161076,"description":163555,"extension":1746,"meta":163556,"navigation":360,"path":163557,"seo":163558,"stem":163559,"__hash__":163560},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161077,"toc":163512},[161078,161083,161088,161097,161099,161199,161201,161226,161231,161236,161252,161255,161257,161259,161284,161287,161290,161373,161375,161424,161427,161549,161551,161624,161628,161631,161745,161747,161773,161775,161796,161801,161805,161810,161813,161917,161919,161936,161945,161948,162035,162037,162048,162053,162059,162064,162070,162073,162166,162168,162217,162223,162226,162327,162329,162382,162387,162391,162394,162493,162495,162534,162537,162542,162544,162549,162553,162666,162670,162767,162771,162859,162861,162878,162882,163005,163011,163017,163023,163028,163031,163058,163062,163064,163158,163161,163165,163168,163255,163258,163293,163295,163332,163335,163343,163348,163353,163427,163434,163436,163441,163444,163450,163453,163459,163464,163470,163475,163479,163482,163484,163509],[10,161079,285,161081,3366],{"id":161080},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161082,64059],{},[20,161084,161085,161087],{},[15,161086,64059],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161089,161090,161091,161093,161094,161096],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161092,64059],{}," inside a ",[15,161095,1548],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[129,161098,1787],{"id":1786},[31,161100,161102],{"className":33,"code":161101,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161103,161104,161136,161156,161160,161185],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161105,161106,161108,161110,161112,161114,161116,161118,161120,161122,161124,161126,161128,161130,161132,161134],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161107,1508],{"class":46},[40,161109,51],{"class":50},[40,161111,55],{"class":54},[40,161113,213],{"class":212},[40,161115,1517],{"class":216},[40,161117,213],{"class":212},[40,161119,62],{"class":54},[40,161121,224],{"class":212},[40,161123,1526],{"class":216},[40,161125,213],{"class":212},[40,161127,62],{"class":54},[40,161129,224],{"class":212},[40,161131,1535],{"class":216},[40,161133,213],{"class":212},[40,161135,73],{"class":54},[40,161137,161138,161140,161142,161144,161146,161148,161150,161152,161154],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,161139,4842],{"class":46},[40,161141,51],{"class":50},[40,161143,55],{"class":54},[40,161145,13269],{"class":58},[40,161147,62],{"class":54},[40,161149,13274],{"class":58},[40,161151,62],{"class":54},[40,161153,28680],{"class":58},[40,161155,73],{"class":54},[40,161157,161158],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,161159,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,161161,161162,161164,161166,161168,161170,161172,161175,161177,161179,161181,161183],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,161163,1548],{"class":535},[40,161165,35754],{"class":46},[40,161167,62],{"class":54},[40,161169,4884],{"class":46},[40,161171,1554],{"class":535},[40,161173,161174],{"class":84}," zip",[40,161176,88],{"class":54},[40,161178,1566],{"class":91},[40,161180,62],{"class":54},[40,161182,4889],{"class":91},[40,161184,8112],{"class":54},[40,161186,161187,161189,161191,161193,161195,161197],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,161188,558],{"class":84},[40,161190,88],{"class":54},[40,161192,7446],{"class":91},[40,161194,62],{"class":54},[40,161196,130462],{"class":91},[40,161198,95],{"class":54},[20,161200,111],{},[31,161202,161204],{"className":33,"code":161203,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161205,161206,161212,161219],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161207,161208,161210],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161209,133481],{"class":46},[40,161211,32897],{"class":58},[40,161213,161214,161217],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,161215,161216],{"class":46},"Ben ",[40,161218,32902],{"class":58},[40,161220,161221,161224],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,161222,161223],{"class":46},"Cara ",[40,161225,32907],{"class":58},[20,161227,123,161228,161230],{},[15,161229,64059],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[129,161232,158,161234,3466],{"id":161233},"what-zip-does",[15,161235,64059],{},[134,161237,161238,161243,161246,161249],{},[137,161239,161240,161242],{},[15,161241,64059],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[137,161244,161245],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[137,161247,161248],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[137,161250,161251],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161253,161254],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[129,161256,1940],{"id":1939},[20,161258,6995],{},[31,161260,161262],{"className":33,"code":161261,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161263,161264],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161265,161266,161268,161270,161273,161275,161278,161280,161282],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161267,64129],{"class":84},[40,161269,88],{"class":54},[40,161271,161272],{"class":91},"iterable1",[40,161274,62],{"class":54},[40,161276,161277],{"class":91}," iterable2",[40,161279,62],{"class":54},[40,161281,34216],{"class":84},[40,161283,95],{"class":54},[20,161285,161286],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161288,161289],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[31,161291,161293],{"className":33,"code":161292,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161294,161295,161315,161347,161351],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161296,161297,161299,161301,161303,161305,161307,161309,161311,161313],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161298,47],{"class":46},[40,161300,51],{"class":50},[40,161302,55],{"class":54},[40,161304,658],{"class":58},[40,161306,62],{"class":54},[40,161308,663],{"class":58},[40,161310,62],{"class":54},[40,161312,749],{"class":58},[40,161314,73],{"class":54},[40,161316,161317,161319,161321,161323,161325,161327,161329,161331,161333,161335,161337,161339,161341,161343,161345],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,161318,1000],{"class":46},[40,161320,51],{"class":50},[40,161322,55],{"class":54},[40,161324,213],{"class":212},[40,161326,282],{"class":216},[40,161328,213],{"class":212},[40,161330,62],{"class":54},[40,161332,224],{"class":212},[40,161334,1017],{"class":216},[40,161336,213],{"class":212},[40,161338,62],{"class":54},[40,161340,224],{"class":212},[40,161342,1026],{"class":216},[40,161344,213],{"class":212},[40,161346,73],{"class":54},[40,161348,161349],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,161350,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,161352,161353,161355,161357,161359,161361,161363,161365,161367,161369,161371],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,161354,101],{"class":84},[40,161356,88],{"class":54},[40,161358,610],{"class":609},[40,161360,88],{"class":54},[40,161362,64129],{"class":84},[40,161364,88],{"class":54},[40,161366,92],{"class":91},[40,161368,62],{"class":54},[40,161370,69695],{"class":91},[40,161372,2697],{"class":54},[20,161374,111],{},[31,161376,161378],{"className":33,"code":161377,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161379,161380],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161381,161382,161384,161386,161388,161390,161392,161394,161396,161398,161400,161402,161404,161406,161408,161410,161412,161414,161416,161418,161420,161422],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161383,21501],{"class":54},[40,161385,658],{"class":58},[40,161387,62],{"class":54},[40,161389,3082],{"class":212},[40,161391,282],{"class":216},[40,161393,3087],{"class":212},[40,161395,9003],{"class":54},[40,161397,9006],{"class":54},[40,161399,744],{"class":58},[40,161401,62],{"class":54},[40,161403,3082],{"class":212},[40,161405,1017],{"class":216},[40,161407,3087],{"class":212},[40,161409,9003],{"class":54},[40,161411,9006],{"class":54},[40,161413,401],{"class":58},[40,161415,62],{"class":54},[40,161417,3082],{"class":212},[40,161419,1026],{"class":216},[40,161421,3087],{"class":212},[40,161423,9019],{"class":54},[20,161425,161426],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[31,161428,161430],{"className":33,"code":161429,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161431,161432,161464,161484,161518,161522],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161433,161434,161436,161438,161440,161442,161444,161446,161448,161450,161452,161454,161456,161458,161460,161462],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161435,1508],{"class":46},[40,161437,51],{"class":50},[40,161439,55],{"class":54},[40,161441,213],{"class":212},[40,161443,1517],{"class":216},[40,161445,213],{"class":212},[40,161447,62],{"class":54},[40,161449,224],{"class":212},[40,161451,1526],{"class":216},[40,161453,213],{"class":212},[40,161455,62],{"class":54},[40,161457,224],{"class":212},[40,161459,1535],{"class":216},[40,161461,213],{"class":212},[40,161463,73],{"class":54},[40,161465,161466,161468,161470,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,161467,4842],{"class":46},[40,161469,51],{"class":50},[40,161471,55],{"class":54},[40,161473,13269],{"class":58},[40,161475,62],{"class":54},[40,161477,13274],{"class":58},[40,161479,62],{"class":54},[40,161481,28680],{"class":58},[40,161483,73],{"class":54},[40,161485,161486,161489,161491,161493,161495,161497,161499,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509,161511,161514,161516],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,161487,161488],{"class":46},"grades ",[40,161490,51],{"class":50},[40,161492,55],{"class":54},[40,161494,213],{"class":212},[40,161496,22006],{"class":216},[40,161498,213],{"class":212},[40,161500,62],{"class":54},[40,161502,224],{"class":212},[40,161504,30360],{"class":216},[40,161506,213],{"class":212},[40,161508,62],{"class":54},[40,161510,224],{"class":212},[40,161512,161513],{"class":216},"B+",[40,161515,213],{"class":212},[40,161517,73],{"class":54},[40,161519,161520],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,161521,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,161523,161524,161526,161528,161530,161532,161534,161536,161538,161540,161542,161544,161547],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,161525,101],{"class":84},[40,161527,88],{"class":54},[40,161529,610],{"class":609},[40,161531,88],{"class":54},[40,161533,64129],{"class":84},[40,161535,88],{"class":54},[40,161537,1566],{"class":91},[40,161539,62],{"class":54},[40,161541,4889],{"class":91},[40,161543,62],{"class":54},[40,161545,161546],{"class":91}," grades",[40,161548,2697],{"class":54},[20,161550,111],{},[31,161552,161554],{"className":33,"code":161553,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161555,161556],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161557,161558,161560,161562,161564,161566,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580,161582,161584,161586,161588,161590,161592,161594,161596,161598,161600,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161559,21501],{"class":54},[40,161561,3087],{"class":212},[40,161563,1517],{"class":216},[40,161565,3087],{"class":212},[40,161567,62],{"class":54},[40,161569,19659],{"class":58},[40,161571,62],{"class":54},[40,161573,3082],{"class":212},[40,161575,22006],{"class":216},[40,161577,3087],{"class":212},[40,161579,9003],{"class":54},[40,161581,9006],{"class":54},[40,161583,3087],{"class":212},[40,161585,1526],{"class":216},[40,161587,3087],{"class":212},[40,161589,62],{"class":54},[40,161591,13274],{"class":58},[40,161593,62],{"class":54},[40,161595,3082],{"class":212},[40,161597,30360],{"class":216},[40,161599,3087],{"class":212},[40,161601,9003],{"class":54},[40,161603,9006],{"class":54},[40,161605,3087],{"class":212},[40,161607,1535],{"class":216},[40,161609,3087],{"class":212},[40,161611,62],{"class":54},[40,161613,28680],{"class":58},[40,161615,62],{"class":54},[40,161617,3082],{"class":212},[40,161619,161513],{"class":216},[40,161621,3087],{"class":212},[40,161623,9019],{"class":54},[129,161625,161627],{"id":161626},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161629,161630],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[31,161632,161634],{"className":33,"code":161633,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161635,161636,161668,161688,161692,161716],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161637,161638,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648,161650,161652,161654,161656,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161639,1508],{"class":46},[40,161641,51],{"class":50},[40,161643,55],{"class":54},[40,161645,213],{"class":212},[40,161647,1517],{"class":216},[40,161649,213],{"class":212},[40,161651,62],{"class":54},[40,161653,224],{"class":212},[40,161655,1526],{"class":216},[40,161657,213],{"class":212},[40,161659,62],{"class":54},[40,161661,224],{"class":212},[40,161663,1535],{"class":216},[40,161665,213],{"class":212},[40,161667,73],{"class":54},[40,161669,161670,161672,161674,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684,161686],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,161671,4842],{"class":46},[40,161673,51],{"class":50},[40,161675,55],{"class":54},[40,161677,13269],{"class":58},[40,161679,62],{"class":54},[40,161681,13274],{"class":58},[40,161683,62],{"class":54},[40,161685,28680],{"class":58},[40,161687,73],{"class":54},[40,161689,161690],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,161691,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,161693,161694,161696,161698,161700,161702,161704,161706,161708,161710,161712,161714],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,161695,1548],{"class":535},[40,161697,35754],{"class":46},[40,161699,62],{"class":54},[40,161701,4884],{"class":46},[40,161703,1554],{"class":535},[40,161705,161174],{"class":84},[40,161707,88],{"class":54},[40,161709,1566],{"class":91},[40,161711,62],{"class":54},[40,161713,4889],{"class":91},[40,161715,8112],{"class":54},[40,161717,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728,161730,161732,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,161719,558],{"class":84},[40,161721,88],{"class":54},[40,161723,22055],{"class":1848},[40,161725,213],{"class":216},[40,161727,9048],{"class":58},[40,161729,7446],{"class":91},[40,161731,22064],{"class":58},[40,161733,161734],{"class":216}," scored ",[40,161736,9048],{"class":58},[40,161738,85119],{"class":91},[40,161740,22064],{"class":58},[40,161742,213],{"class":216},[40,161744,95],{"class":54},[20,161746,111],{},[31,161748,161750],{"className":33,"code":161749,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161751,161752,161759,161766],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161753,161754,161757],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161755,161756],{"class":46},"Ana scored ",[40,161758,32897],{"class":58},[40,161760,161761,161764],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,161762,161763],{"class":46},"Ben scored ",[40,161765,32902],{"class":58},[40,161767,161768,161771],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,161769,161770],{"class":46},"Cara scored ",[40,161772,32907],{"class":58},[20,161774,44683],{},[134,161776,161777,161786,161789],{},[137,161778,161779,161782,161783],{},[15,161780,161781],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161784,161785],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[137,161787,161788],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[137,161790,161791,4176,161793,161795],{},[15,161792,7446],{},[15,161794,85119],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161797,161798,161799,289],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[282,161800,1624],{"href":1623},[129,161802,161804],{"id":161803},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161806,161807,161809],{},[15,161808,64059],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161811,161812],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[31,161814,161816],{"className":33,"code":161815,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161817,161818,161859,161875,161879,161903],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161819,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161855,161857],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161821,1508],{"class":46},[40,161823,51],{"class":50},[40,161825,55],{"class":54},[40,161827,213],{"class":212},[40,161829,1517],{"class":216},[40,161831,213],{"class":212},[40,161833,62],{"class":54},[40,161835,224],{"class":212},[40,161837,1526],{"class":216},[40,161839,213],{"class":212},[40,161841,62],{"class":54},[40,161843,224],{"class":212},[40,161845,1535],{"class":216},[40,161847,213],{"class":212},[40,161849,62],{"class":54},[40,161851,224],{"class":212},[40,161853,161854],{"class":216},"Dan",[40,161856,213],{"class":212},[40,161858,73],{"class":54},[40,161860,161861,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,161862,4842],{"class":46},[40,161864,51],{"class":50},[40,161866,55],{"class":54},[40,161868,13269],{"class":58},[40,161870,62],{"class":54},[40,161872,13274],{"class":58},[40,161874,73],{"class":54},[40,161876,161877],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,161878,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,161880,161881,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895,161897,161899,161901],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,161882,1548],{"class":535},[40,161884,35754],{"class":46},[40,161886,62],{"class":54},[40,161888,4884],{"class":46},[40,161890,1554],{"class":535},[40,161892,161174],{"class":84},[40,161894,88],{"class":54},[40,161896,1566],{"class":91},[40,161898,62],{"class":54},[40,161900,4889],{"class":91},[40,161902,8112],{"class":54},[40,161904,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,161906,558],{"class":84},[40,161908,88],{"class":54},[40,161910,7446],{"class":91},[40,161912,62],{"class":54},[40,161914,130462],{"class":91},[40,161916,95],{"class":54},[20,161918,111],{},[31,161920,161922],{"className":33,"code":161921,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161923,161924,161930],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161925,161926,161928],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161927,133481],{"class":46},[40,161929,32897],{"class":58},[40,161931,161932,161934],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,161933,161216],{"class":46},[40,161935,32902],{"class":58},[20,161937,2070,161938,4176,161941,161944],{},[15,161939,161940],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161942,161943],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161946,161947],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[31,161949,161951],{"className":33,"code":161950,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161952,161953,161993,162009,162013],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,161954,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,161956,1508],{"class":46},[40,161958,51],{"class":50},[40,161960,55],{"class":54},[40,161962,213],{"class":212},[40,161964,1517],{"class":216},[40,161966,213],{"class":212},[40,161968,62],{"class":54},[40,161970,224],{"class":212},[40,161972,1526],{"class":216},[40,161974,213],{"class":212},[40,161976,62],{"class":54},[40,161978,224],{"class":212},[40,161980,1535],{"class":216},[40,161982,213],{"class":212},[40,161984,62],{"class":54},[40,161986,224],{"class":212},[40,161988,161854],{"class":216},[40,161990,213],{"class":212},[40,161992,73],{"class":54},[40,161994,161995,161997,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,161996,4842],{"class":46},[40,161998,51],{"class":50},[40,162000,55],{"class":54},[40,162002,13269],{"class":58},[40,162004,62],{"class":54},[40,162006,13274],{"class":58},[40,162008,73],{"class":54},[40,162010,162011],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,162012,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,162014,162015,162017,162019,162021,162023,162025,162027,162029,162031,162033],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,162016,101],{"class":84},[40,162018,88],{"class":54},[40,162020,17],{"class":84},[40,162022,88],{"class":54},[40,162024,1566],{"class":91},[40,162026,9003],{"class":54},[40,162028,85],{"class":84},[40,162030,88],{"class":54},[40,162032,16156],{"class":91},[40,162034,256],{"class":54},[20,162036,111],{},[31,162038,162040],{"className":33,"code":162039,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"4 2\n",[15,162041,162042],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162043,162044,162046],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162045,2288],{"class":58},[40,162047,45342],{"class":58},[20,162049,162050,162051,289],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162052,64059],{},[129,162054,91710,162056,162058],{"id":162055},"converting-zip-output",[15,162057,64059],{}," output",[20,162060,28821,162061,162063],{},[15,162062,64059],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[792,162065,123,162067],{"id":162066},"use-listzip",[15,162068,162069],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162071,162072],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[31,162074,162076],{"className":33,"code":162075,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162077,162078,162110,162130,162134,162156],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162079,162080,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162081,1508],{"class":46},[40,162083,51],{"class":50},[40,162085,55],{"class":54},[40,162087,213],{"class":212},[40,162089,1517],{"class":216},[40,162091,213],{"class":212},[40,162093,62],{"class":54},[40,162095,224],{"class":212},[40,162097,1526],{"class":216},[40,162099,213],{"class":212},[40,162101,62],{"class":54},[40,162103,224],{"class":212},[40,162105,1535],{"class":216},[40,162107,213],{"class":212},[40,162109,73],{"class":54},[40,162111,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,162113,4842],{"class":46},[40,162115,51],{"class":50},[40,162117,55],{"class":54},[40,162119,13269],{"class":58},[40,162121,62],{"class":54},[40,162123,13274],{"class":58},[40,162125,62],{"class":54},[40,162127,28680],{"class":58},[40,162129,73],{"class":54},[40,162131,162132],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,162133,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,162135,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,162137,8985],{"class":46},[40,162139,51],{"class":50},[40,162141,22321],{"class":609},[40,162143,88],{"class":54},[40,162145,64129],{"class":84},[40,162147,88],{"class":54},[40,162149,1566],{"class":91},[40,162151,62],{"class":54},[40,162153,4889],{"class":91},[40,162155,256],{"class":54},[40,162157,162158,162160,162162,162164],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,162159,101],{"class":84},[40,162161,88],{"class":54},[40,162163,9032],{"class":91},[40,162165,95],{"class":54},[20,162167,111],{},[31,162169,162171],{"className":33,"code":162170,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162172,162173],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162174,162175,162177,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162176,21501],{"class":54},[40,162178,3087],{"class":212},[40,162180,1517],{"class":216},[40,162182,3087],{"class":212},[40,162184,62],{"class":54},[40,162186,19659],{"class":58},[40,162188,9003],{"class":54},[40,162190,9006],{"class":54},[40,162192,3087],{"class":212},[40,162194,1526],{"class":216},[40,162196,3087],{"class":212},[40,162198,62],{"class":54},[40,162200,13274],{"class":58},[40,162202,9003],{"class":54},[40,162204,9006],{"class":54},[40,162206,3087],{"class":212},[40,162208,1535],{"class":216},[40,162210,3087],{"class":212},[40,162212,62],{"class":54},[40,162214,28680],{"class":58},[40,162216,9019],{"class":54},[792,162218,123,162220],{"id":162219},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162221,162222],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162224,162225],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[31,162227,162229],{"className":33,"code":162228,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162230,162231,162263,162291,162295,162317],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162232,162233,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162234,17007],{"class":46},[40,162236,51],{"class":50},[40,162238,55],{"class":54},[40,162240,213],{"class":212},[40,162242,7446],{"class":216},[40,162244,213],{"class":212},[40,162246,62],{"class":54},[40,162248,224],{"class":212},[40,162250,9069],{"class":216},[40,162252,213],{"class":212},[40,162254,62],{"class":54},[40,162256,224],{"class":212},[40,162258,10178],{"class":216},[40,162260,213],{"class":212},[40,162262,73],{"class":54},[40,162264,162265,162267,162269,162271,162273,162275,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,162266,3610],{"class":46},[40,162268,51],{"class":50},[40,162270,55],{"class":54},[40,162272,213],{"class":212},[40,162274,1517],{"class":216},[40,162276,213],{"class":212},[40,162278,62],{"class":54},[40,162280,9076],{"class":58},[40,162282,62],{"class":54},[40,162284,224],{"class":212},[40,162286,15798],{"class":216},[40,162288,213],{"class":212},[40,162290,73],{"class":54},[40,162292,162293],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,162294,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,162296,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313,162315],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,162298,12971],{"class":46},[40,162300,51],{"class":50},[40,162302,8941],{"class":609},[40,162304,88],{"class":54},[40,162306,64129],{"class":84},[40,162308,88],{"class":54},[40,162310,16689],{"class":91},[40,162312,62],{"class":54},[40,162314,3671],{"class":91},[40,162316,256],{"class":54},[40,162318,162319,162321,162323,162325],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,162320,101],{"class":84},[40,162322,88],{"class":54},[40,162324,17072],{"class":91},[40,162326,95],{"class":54},[20,162328,111],{},[31,162330,162332],{"className":33,"code":162331,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162333,162334],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162335,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374,162376,162378,162380],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162337,9048],{"class":54},[40,162339,3087],{"class":212},[40,162341,7446],{"class":216},[40,162343,3087],{"class":212},[40,162345,2669],{"class":54},[40,162347,3082],{"class":212},[40,162349,1517],{"class":216},[40,162351,3087],{"class":212},[40,162353,62],{"class":54},[40,162355,3082],{"class":212},[40,162357,9069],{"class":216},[40,162359,3087],{"class":212},[40,162361,2669],{"class":54},[40,162363,9076],{"class":58},[40,162365,62],{"class":54},[40,162367,3082],{"class":212},[40,162369,10178],{"class":216},[40,162371,3087],{"class":212},[40,162373,2669],{"class":54},[40,162375,3082],{"class":212},[40,162377,15798],{"class":216},[40,162379,3087],{"class":212},[40,162381,9079],{"class":54},[20,162383,162384,162385,289],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[282,162386,30847],{"href":30846},[792,162388,162390],{"id":162389},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162392,162393],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[31,162395,162397],{"className":33,"code":162396,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162398,162399,162423,162439,162443,162461,162465,162479],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162400,162401,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162402,1508],{"class":46},[40,162404,51],{"class":50},[40,162406,55],{"class":54},[40,162408,213],{"class":212},[40,162410,1517],{"class":216},[40,162412,213],{"class":212},[40,162414,62],{"class":54},[40,162416,224],{"class":212},[40,162418,1526],{"class":216},[40,162420,213],{"class":212},[40,162422,73],{"class":54},[40,162424,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,162426,4842],{"class":46},[40,162428,51],{"class":50},[40,162430,55],{"class":54},[40,162432,13269],{"class":58},[40,162434,62],{"class":54},[40,162436,13274],{"class":58},[40,162438,73],{"class":54},[40,162440,162441],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,162442,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,162444,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,162446,8985],{"class":46},[40,162448,51],{"class":50},[40,162450,161174],{"class":84},[40,162452,88],{"class":54},[40,162454,1566],{"class":91},[40,162456,62],{"class":54},[40,162458,4889],{"class":91},[40,162460,95],{"class":54},[40,162462,162463],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,162464,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,162466,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,162468,101],{"class":84},[40,162470,88],{"class":54},[40,162472,610],{"class":609},[40,162474,88],{"class":54},[40,162476,9032],{"class":91},[40,162478,256],{"class":54},[40,162480,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,162482,101],{"class":84},[40,162484,88],{"class":54},[40,162486,610],{"class":609},[40,162488,88],{"class":54},[40,162490,9032],{"class":91},[40,162492,256],{"class":54},[20,162494,111],{},[31,162496,162498],{"className":33,"code":162497,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162499,162500,162530],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162501,162502,162504,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162503,21501],{"class":54},[40,162505,3087],{"class":212},[40,162507,1517],{"class":216},[40,162509,3087],{"class":212},[40,162511,62],{"class":54},[40,162513,19659],{"class":58},[40,162515,9003],{"class":54},[40,162517,9006],{"class":54},[40,162519,3087],{"class":212},[40,162521,1526],{"class":216},[40,162523,3087],{"class":212},[40,162525,62],{"class":54},[40,162527,13274],{"class":58},[40,162529,9019],{"class":54},[40,162531,162532],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,162533,38053],{"class":54},[20,162535,162536],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162538,162539,162540,289],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[282,162541,4915],{"href":5365},[129,162543,40800],{"id":40799},[20,162545,162546,162547,289],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162548,64059],{},[792,162550,162552],{"id":162551},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[31,162554,162556],{"className":33,"code":162555,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162557,162558,162590,162610,162614,162638],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162559,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582,162584,162586,162588],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162561,1508],{"class":46},[40,162563,51],{"class":50},[40,162565,55],{"class":54},[40,162567,213],{"class":212},[40,162569,1517],{"class":216},[40,162571,213],{"class":212},[40,162573,62],{"class":54},[40,162575,224],{"class":212},[40,162577,1526],{"class":216},[40,162579,213],{"class":212},[40,162581,62],{"class":54},[40,162583,224],{"class":212},[40,162585,1535],{"class":216},[40,162587,213],{"class":212},[40,162589,73],{"class":54},[40,162591,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,162593,4842],{"class":46},[40,162595,51],{"class":50},[40,162597,55],{"class":54},[40,162599,13269],{"class":58},[40,162601,62],{"class":54},[40,162603,13274],{"class":58},[40,162605,62],{"class":54},[40,162607,28680],{"class":58},[40,162609,73],{"class":54},[40,162611,162612],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,162613,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,162615,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630,162632,162634,162636],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,162617,1548],{"class":535},[40,162619,35754],{"class":46},[40,162621,62],{"class":54},[40,162623,4884],{"class":46},[40,162625,1554],{"class":535},[40,162627,161174],{"class":84},[40,162629,88],{"class":54},[40,162631,1566],{"class":91},[40,162633,62],{"class":54},[40,162635,4889],{"class":91},[40,162637,8112],{"class":54},[40,162639,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650,162652,162654,162656,162658,162660,162662,162664],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,162641,558],{"class":84},[40,162643,88],{"class":54},[40,162645,22055],{"class":1848},[40,162647,213],{"class":216},[40,162649,9048],{"class":58},[40,162651,7446],{"class":91},[40,162653,22064],{"class":58},[40,162655,22067],{"class":216},[40,162657,9048],{"class":58},[40,162659,85119],{"class":91},[40,162661,22064],{"class":58},[40,162663,213],{"class":216},[40,162665,95],{"class":54},[792,162667,162669],{"id":162668},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[31,162671,162673],{"className":33,"code":162672,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162674,162675,162707,162731,162735,162757],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162676,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162678,17007],{"class":46},[40,162680,51],{"class":50},[40,162682,55],{"class":54},[40,162684,213],{"class":212},[40,162686,12419],{"class":216},[40,162688,213],{"class":212},[40,162690,62],{"class":54},[40,162692,224],{"class":212},[40,162694,7446],{"class":216},[40,162696,213],{"class":212},[40,162698,62],{"class":54},[40,162700,224],{"class":212},[40,162702,15588],{"class":216},[40,162704,213],{"class":212},[40,162706,73],{"class":54},[40,162708,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,162710,3610],{"class":46},[40,162712,51],{"class":50},[40,162714,55],{"class":54},[40,162716,46345],{"class":58},[40,162718,62],{"class":54},[40,162720,224],{"class":212},[40,162722,1517],{"class":216},[40,162724,213],{"class":212},[40,162726,62],{"class":54},[40,162728,3700],{"class":1494},[40,162730,73],{"class":54},[40,162732,162733],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,162734,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,162736,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,162738,650],{"class":46},[40,162740,51],{"class":50},[40,162742,8941],{"class":609},[40,162744,88],{"class":54},[40,162746,64129],{"class":84},[40,162748,88],{"class":54},[40,162750,16689],{"class":91},[40,162752,62],{"class":54},[40,162754,3671],{"class":91},[40,162756,256],{"class":54},[40,162758,162759,162761,162763,162765],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,162760,101],{"class":84},[40,162762,88],{"class":54},[40,162764,703],{"class":91},[40,162766,95],{"class":54},[792,162768,162770],{"id":162769},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[31,162772,162774],{"className":33,"code":162773,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162775,162776,162796,162816,162820,162845],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162777,162778,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162779,80257],{"class":46},[40,162781,51],{"class":50},[40,162783,55],{"class":54},[40,162785,59],{"class":58},[40,162787,62],{"class":54},[40,162789,65],{"class":58},[40,162791,62],{"class":54},[40,162793,70],{"class":58},[40,162795,73],{"class":54},[40,162797,162798,162800,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812,162814],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,162799,80278],{"class":46},[40,162801,51],{"class":50},[40,162803,55],{"class":54},[40,162805,59],{"class":58},[40,162807,62],{"class":54},[40,162809,9076],{"class":58},[40,162811,62],{"class":54},[40,162813,70],{"class":58},[40,162815,73],{"class":54},[40,162817,162818],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,162819,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,162821,162822,162824,162826,162828,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,162823,1548],{"class":535},[40,162825,56630],{"class":46},[40,162827,62],{"class":54},[40,162829,162830],{"class":46}," b ",[40,162832,1554],{"class":535},[40,162834,161174],{"class":84},[40,162836,88],{"class":54},[40,162838,111349],{"class":91},[40,162840,62],{"class":54},[40,162842,80321],{"class":91},[40,162844,8112],{"class":54},[40,162846,162847,162849,162851,162853,162855,162857],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,162848,558],{"class":84},[40,162850,88],{"class":54},[40,162852,1384],{"class":91},[40,162854,4470],{"class":50},[40,162856,2342],{"class":91},[40,162858,95],{"class":54},[20,162860,111],{},[31,162862,162864],{"className":33,"code":162863,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162865,162866,162870,162874],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162867,162868],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162869,1495],{"class":1494},[40,162871,162872],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,162873,3824],{"class":1494},[40,162875,162876],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,162877,1495],{"class":1494},[792,162879,162881],{"id":162880},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[31,162883,162885],{"className":33,"code":162884,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162886,162887,162922,162945,162949,162976],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,162888,162889,162892,162894,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162909,162911,162913,162915,162918,162920],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,162890,162891],{"class":46},"products ",[40,162893,51],{"class":50},[40,162895,55],{"class":54},[40,162897,213],{"class":212},[40,162899,24903],{"class":216},[40,162901,213],{"class":212},[40,162903,62],{"class":54},[40,162905,224],{"class":212},[40,162907,162908],{"class":216},"Pen",[40,162910,213],{"class":212},[40,162912,62],{"class":54},[40,162914,224],{"class":212},[40,162916,162917],{"class":216},"Bag",[40,162919,213],{"class":212},[40,162921,73],{"class":54},[40,162923,162924,162926,162928,162930,162933,162935,162938,162940,162943],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,162925,82647],{"class":46},[40,162927,51],{"class":50},[40,162929,55],{"class":54},[40,162931,162932],{"class":58},"12.5",[40,162934,62],{"class":54},[40,162936,162937],{"class":58}," 1.2",[40,162939,62],{"class":54},[40,162941,162942],{"class":58}," 25.0",[40,162944,73],{"class":54},[40,162946,162947],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,162948,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,162950,162951,162953,162955,162957,162960,162962,162964,162966,162969,162971,162974],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,162952,1548],{"class":535},[40,162954,24964],{"class":46},[40,162956,62],{"class":54},[40,162958,162959],{"class":46}," price ",[40,162961,1554],{"class":535},[40,162963,161174],{"class":84},[40,162965,88],{"class":54},[40,162967,162968],{"class":91},"products",[40,162970,62],{"class":54},[40,162972,162973],{"class":91}," prices",[40,162975,8112],{"class":54},[40,162977,162978,162980,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990,162992,162995,162997,162999,163001,163003],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,162979,558],{"class":84},[40,162981,88],{"class":54},[40,162983,22055],{"class":1848},[40,162985,213],{"class":216},[40,162987,9048],{"class":58},[40,162989,26770],{"class":91},[40,162991,22064],{"class":58},[40,162993,162994],{"class":216}," costs $",[40,162996,9048],{"class":58},[40,162998,24912],{"class":91},[40,163000,22064],{"class":58},[40,163002,213],{"class":216},[40,163004,95],{"class":54},[20,163006,36358,163007,289],{},[282,163008,163010],{"href":163009},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[129,163012,163014,163015],{"id":163013},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163016,64059],{},[792,163018,8223,163020,163022],{"id":163019},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163021,64059],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163024,163025,163027],{},[15,163026,64059],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163029,163030],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[31,163032,163034],{"className":33,"code":163033,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163035,163036],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,163037,163038,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,163039,101],{"class":84},[40,163041,88],{"class":54},[40,163043,17],{"class":84},[40,163045,88],{"class":54},[40,163047,111349],{"class":91},[40,163049,9003],{"class":54},[40,163051,85],{"class":84},[40,163053,88],{"class":54},[40,163055,80544],{"class":91},[40,163057,256],{"class":54},[792,163059,163061],{"id":163060},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163063,804],{},[31,163065,163067],{"className":33,"code":163066,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163068,163069,163105,163109,163122,163132,163136,163148],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,163070,163071,163073,163075,163077,163079,163081,163083,163085,163087,163089,163091,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101,163103],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,163072,8985],{"class":46},[40,163074,51],{"class":50},[40,163076,161174],{"class":84},[40,163078,2771],{"class":54},[40,163080,658],{"class":58},[40,163082,62],{"class":54},[40,163084,663],{"class":58},[40,163086,666],{"class":54},[40,163088,55],{"class":54},[40,163090,213],{"class":212},[40,163092,282],{"class":216},[40,163094,213],{"class":212},[40,163096,62],{"class":54},[40,163098,224],{"class":212},[40,163100,1017],{"class":216},[40,163102,213],{"class":212},[40,163104,570],{"class":54},[40,163106,163107],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,163108,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,163110,163111,163113,163115,163117,163120],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,163112,1548],{"class":535},[40,163114,5737],{"class":46},[40,163116,1554],{"class":535},[40,163118,163119],{"class":46}," pairs",[40,163121,553],{"class":54},[40,163123,163124,163126,163128,163130],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,163125,558],{"class":84},[40,163127,88],{"class":54},[40,163129,23072],{"class":91},[40,163131,95],{"class":54},[40,163133,163134],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,163135,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,163137,163138,163140,163142,163144,163146],{"class":42,"line":581},[40,163139,1548],{"class":535},[40,163141,5737],{"class":46},[40,163143,1554],{"class":535},[40,163145,163119],{"class":46},[40,163147,553],{"class":54},[40,163149,163150,163152,163154,163156],{"class":42,"line":6192},[40,163151,558],{"class":84},[40,163153,88],{"class":54},[40,163155,23072],{"class":91},[40,163157,95],{"class":54},[20,163159,163160],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[792,163162,163164],{"id":163163},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163166,163167],{},"This is correct:",[31,163169,163171],{"className":33,"code":163170,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163172,163173,163197,163213,163217,163241],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,163174,163175,163177,163179,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,163176,1508],{"class":46},[40,163178,51],{"class":50},[40,163180,55],{"class":54},[40,163182,213],{"class":212},[40,163184,1517],{"class":216},[40,163186,213],{"class":212},[40,163188,62],{"class":54},[40,163190,224],{"class":212},[40,163192,1526],{"class":216},[40,163194,213],{"class":212},[40,163196,73],{"class":54},[40,163198,163199,163201,163203,163205,163207,163209,163211],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,163200,4842],{"class":46},[40,163202,51],{"class":50},[40,163204,55],{"class":54},[40,163206,13269],{"class":58},[40,163208,62],{"class":54},[40,163210,13274],{"class":58},[40,163212,73],{"class":54},[40,163214,163215],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,163216,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,163218,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227,163229,163231,163233,163235,163237,163239],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,163220,1548],{"class":535},[40,163222,35754],{"class":46},[40,163224,62],{"class":54},[40,163226,4884],{"class":46},[40,163228,1554],{"class":535},[40,163230,161174],{"class":84},[40,163232,88],{"class":54},[40,163234,1566],{"class":91},[40,163236,62],{"class":54},[40,163238,4889],{"class":91},[40,163240,8112],{"class":54},[40,163242,163243,163245,163247,163249,163251,163253],{"class":42,"line":573},[40,163244,558],{"class":84},[40,163246,88],{"class":54},[40,163248,7446],{"class":91},[40,163250,62],{"class":54},[40,163252,130462],{"class":91},[40,163254,95],{"class":54},[20,163256,163257],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[31,163259,163261],{"className":33,"code":163260,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163262,163263,163283],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,163264,163265,163267,163269,163271,163273,163275,163277,163279,163281],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,163266,1548],{"class":535},[40,163268,5737],{"class":46},[40,163270,1554],{"class":535},[40,163272,161174],{"class":84},[40,163274,88],{"class":54},[40,163276,1566],{"class":91},[40,163278,62],{"class":54},[40,163280,4889],{"class":91},[40,163282,8112],{"class":54},[40,163284,163285,163287,163289,163291],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,163286,558],{"class":84},[40,163288,88],{"class":54},[40,163290,23072],{"class":91},[40,163292,95],{"class":54},[20,163294,111],{},[31,163296,163298],{"className":33,"code":163297,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163299,163300,163316],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,163301,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312,163314],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,163303,88],{"class":54},[40,163305,3087],{"class":212},[40,163307,1517],{"class":216},[40,163309,3087],{"class":212},[40,163311,62],{"class":54},[40,163313,19659],{"class":58},[40,163315,95],{"class":54},[40,163317,163318,163320,163322,163324,163326,163328,163330],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,163319,88],{"class":54},[40,163321,3087],{"class":212},[40,163323,1526],{"class":216},[40,163325,3087],{"class":212},[40,163327,62],{"class":54},[40,163329,13274],{"class":58},[40,163331,95],{"class":54},[20,163333,163334],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[792,163336,795,163338,163340,163341],{"id":163337},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163339,64059],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163342,35513],{},[20,163344,123,163345,163347],{},[15,163346,64059],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163349,123,163350,163352],{},[15,163351,35513],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[31,163354,163355],{"className":33,"code":35682,"language":35,"meta":36,"style":36},[15,163356,163357,163389,163393,163413],{"__ignoreMap":36},[40,163358,163359,163361,163363,163365,163367,163369,163371,163373,163375,163377,163379,163381,163383,163385,163387],{"class":42,"line":43},[40,163360,1508],{"class":46},[40,163362,51],{"class":50},[40,163364,55],{"class":54},[40,163366,213],{"class":212},[40,163368,1517],{"class":216},[40,163370,213],{"class":212},[40,163372,62],{"class":54},[40,163374,224],{"class":212},[40,163376,1526],{"class":216},[40,163378,213],{"class":212},[40,163380,62],{"class":54},[40,163382,224],{"class":212},[40,163384,1535],{"class":216},[40,163386,213],{"class":212},[40,163388,73],{"class":54},[40,163390,163391],{"class":42,"line":76},[40,163392,361],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":360},[40,163394,163395,163397,163399,163401,163403,163405,163407,163409,163411],{"class":42,"line":98},[40,163396,1548],{"class":535},[40,163398,35585],{"class":46},[40,163400,62],{"class":54},[40,163402,35731],{"class":46},[40,163404,1554],{"class":535},[40,163406,35595],{"class":84},[40,163408,88],{"class":54},[40,163410,1566],{"class":91},[40,163412,8112],{"class":54},[40,163414,163415,163417,163419,163421,163423,163425],{"class":42,"line":364},[40,163416,558],{"class":84},[40,163418,88],{"class":54},[40,163420,35610],{"class":91},[40,163422,62],{"class":54},[40,163424,35754],{"class":91},[40,163426,95],{"class":54},[20,163428,163429,163430,289],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[282,163431,285,163432,288],{"href":91622},[15,163433,35513],{},[129,163435,1636],{"id":1635},[792,163437,1650,163439,4923],{"id":163438},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163440,64059],{},[20,163442,163443],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[792,163445,12474,163447,163449],{"id":163446},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163448,64059],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163451,163452],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[792,163454,163456,163457,2275],{"id":163455},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163458,64059],{},[20,163460,163461,163462,289],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163463,162069],{},[792,163465,163467,163468,2275],{"id":163466},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163469,64059],{},[20,163471,127827,163472,163474],{},[15,163473,162222],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[792,163476,163478],{"id":163477},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163480,163481],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[129,163483,1687],{"id":1686},[134,163485,163486,163491,163497,163501,163505],{},[137,163487,163488],{},[282,163489,163490],{"href":163009},"How to use zip in Python",[137,163492,163493],{},[282,163494,285,163495,288],{"href":91622},[15,163496,35513],{},[137,163498,163499],{},[282,163500,4994],{"href":5365},[137,163502,163503],{},[282,163504,1713],{"href":1623},[137,163506,163507],{},[282,163508,32021],{"href":30846},[1715,163510,163511],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":36,"searchDepth":76,"depth":76,"links":163513},[163514,163515,163517,163518,163519,163520,163528,163534,163543,163554],{"id":1786,"depth":76,"text":1787},{"id":161233,"depth":76,"text":163516},"What zip() does",{"id":1939,"depth":76,"text":1940},{"id":161626,"depth":76,"text":161627},{"id":161803,"depth":76,"text":161804},{"id":162055,"depth":76,"text":163521,"children":163522},"Converting zip() output",[163523,163525,163527],{"id":162066,"depth":98,"text":163524},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162219,"depth":98,"text":163526},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162389,"depth":98,"text":162390},{"id":40799,"depth":76,"text":40800,"children":163529},[163530,163531,163532,163533],{"id":162551,"depth":98,"text":162552},{"id":162668,"depth":98,"text":162669},{"id":162769,"depth":98,"text":162770},{"id":162880,"depth":98,"text":162881},{"id":163013,"depth":76,"text":163535,"children":163536},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163537,163539,163540,163541],{"id":163019,"depth":98,"text":163538},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163060,"depth":98,"text":163061},{"id":163163,"depth":98,"text":163164},{"id":163337,"depth":98,"text":163542},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1635,"depth":76,"text":1636,"children":163544},[163545,163547,163549,163551,163553],{"id":163438,"depth":98,"text":163546},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163446,"depth":98,"text":163548},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163455,"depth":98,"text":163550},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163466,"depth":98,"text":163552},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163477,"depth":98,"text":163478},{"id":1686,"depth":76,"text":1687},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161075,"description":163555},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945056575]